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Jiang I, Yong PJ, Allaire C, Bedaiwy MA. Intricate Connections between the Microbiota and Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5644. [PMID: 34073257 PMCID: PMC8198999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in gut and reproductive tract microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, disrupt normal immune function, leading to the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, compromised immunosurveillance and altered immune cell profiles, all of which may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Over time, this immune dysregulation can progress into a chronic state of inflammation, creating an environment conducive to increased adhesion and angiogenesis, which may drive the vicious cycle of endometriosis onset and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated both the ability of endometriosis to induce microbiota changes, and the ability of antibiotics to treat endometriosis. Endometriotic microbiotas have been consistently associated with diminished Lactobacillus dominance, as well as the elevated abundance of bacterial vaginosis-related bacteria and other opportunistic pathogens. Possible explanations for the implications of dysbiosis in endometriosis include the Bacterial Contamination Theory and immune activation, cytokine-impaired gut function, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and aberrant progenitor and stem-cell homeostasis. Although preliminary, antibiotic and probiotic treatments have demonstrated efficacy in treating endometriosis, and female reproductive tract (FRT) microbiota sampling has successfully predicted disease risk and stage. Future research should aim to characterize the "core" upper FRT microbiota and elucidate mechanisms behind the relationship between the microbiota and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed A. Bedaiwy
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, D415A-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; (I.J.); (P.J.Y.); (C.A.)
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Gut microbiota of frugo-folivorous sifakas across environments. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:39. [PMID: 34006323 PMCID: PMC8132362 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Captive animals, compared to their wild counterparts, generally harbor imbalanced gut microbiota owing, in part, to their altered diets. This imbalance is particularly striking for folivores that fundamentally rely on gut microbiota for digestion, yet rarely receive sufficient dietary fiber in captivity. We examine the critically endangered Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli), an anatomically specialized, rather than facultative, folivore that consumes a seasonal frugo-folivorous diet in the wild, but is provisioned predominantly with seasonal foliage and orchard vegetables in captivity. Using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing applied to fecal samples collected from two wild and one captive population (each comprising multiple groups), we clarify how dietary variation underlies the perturbational effect of captivity on the structure and function of this species’ gut microbiota. Results The gut microbiota of wild sifakas varied by study population, most notably in community evenness and in the abundance of diet-associated microbes from Prevotellaeceae and Lachnospiraceae. Nevertheless, the differences among wild subjects were minor compared to those evident between wild and captive sifakas: Unusually, the consortia of captive sifakas were the most diverse, but lacked representation of endemic Bacteroidetes and metagenomic capacity for essential amino-acid biosynthesis. Instead, they were enriched for complex fiber metabolizers from the Firmicutes phylum, for archaeal methanogens, and for several metabolic pathways putatively linked to plant fiber and secondary compound metabolism. Conclusions The relatively minor differences in gut microbial structure and function between wild sifaka populations likely reflect regional and/or temporal environmental variability, whereas the major differences observed in captive conspecifics, including the loss of endemic microbes, but gain in low-abundance taxa, likely reflect imbalanced or unstable consortia. Indeed, community perturbation may not necessarily entail decreased community diversity. Moreover, signatures of greater fiber degradation indicate that captive sifakas consume a more fibrous diet compared to their wild counterparts. These results do not mirror those typically reported for folivores and herbivores, suggesting that the direction and strength of captivity-induced ‘dysbiosis’ may not be universal across species with similar feeding strategies. We propose that tailored, species-specific dietary interventions in captivity, aimed at better approximating naturally foraged diets, could functionally ‘rewild’ gut microbiota and facilitate successful management of diverse species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00093-5.
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Chen Y. Recent progress in natural product-based inhibitor screening with enzymatic fluorescent probes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1778-1787. [PMID: 33885636 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a complex process in which many challenges need to be overcome, from the discovery of a drug candidate to ensuring the efficacy and safety of the candidate in humans. Modern analytical methods allow tens of thousands of drug candidates to be screened for their inhibition of specific enzymes or receptors. In recent years, fluorescent probes have been used for the detection and diagnosis of human pathogens as well as high-throughput screening. This review focuses on recent progress in organic small-molecule based enzyme-activated fluorescent probes for screening of inhibitors from natural products. The contents include the construction of fluorescent probes, working mechanism and the process of inhibitor screening. The progress suggests that fluorescent probes are a vital and rapidly growing technology for inhibitor screening of enzymes, in particular, inhibitor screening in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang P, Jia Y, Wu R, Chen Z, Yan R. Human gut bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition: An emerging approach to manage medication therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114566. [PMID: 33865833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial β-glucuronidase enzymes (BGUSs) are at the interface of host-microbial metabolic symbiosis, playing an important role in health and disease as well as medication outcomes (efficacy or toxicity) by deconjugating a large number of endogenous and exogenous glucuronides. In recent years, BGUSs inhibition has emerged as a new approach to manage diseases and medication therapy and attracted an increasing research interest. However, a growing body of evidence underlines great genetic diversity, functional promiscuity and varied inhibition propensity of BGUSs, which have posed big challenges to identifying BGUSs involved in a specific pathophysiological or pharmacological process and developing effective inhibition. In this article, we offered a general introduction of the function, in particular the physiological, pathological and pharmacological roles, of BGUSs and their taxonomic distribution in human gut microbiota, highlighting the structural features (active sites and adjacent loop structures) that affecting the protein-substrate (inhibitor) interactions. Recent advances in BGUSs-mediated deconjugation of drugs and carcinogens and the discovery and applications of BGUS inhibitors in management of medication therapy, typically, irinotecan-induced diarrhea and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced enteropathy, were also reviewed. At the end, we discussed the perspectives and the challenges of tailoring BGUS inhibition towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yifei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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McKenzie ND, Hong H, Ahmad S, Holloway RW. The gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapeutics: A review of emerging data and implications for future gynecologic cancer research. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103165. [PMID: 33227575 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the gynecologic tract microbial milieu has revealed potential new biomarkers. Simultaneously, immunotherapeutics are establishing their place in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. The interplay between the microbiome, the tumor micro-environment and response to therapy is a burgeoning area of interest. There is evidence to support that microbes, through their genetic make-up, gene products, and metabolites affect human physiology, metabolism, immunity, disease susceptibility, response to pharmacotherapy, and the severity of disease-related side effects. Specifically, the richness and diversity of the gut microbiome appears to affect carcinogenesis, response to immunotherapy, and modulate severity of immune-mediated adverse effects. These effects have best been described in other tumor types and these have shown compelling results. This review summarizes the current understanding and scope of the interplay between the human microbiome, host factors, cancer, and response to treatments. These findings support further exploring whether these associations exist for gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie D McKenzie
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Hannah Hong
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA; Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.
| | - Robert W Holloway
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
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Gut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:717-731. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tauzin AS, Pereira MR, Van Vliet LD, Colin PY, Laville E, Esque J, Laguerre S, Henrissat B, Terrapon N, Lombard V, Leclerc M, Doré J, Hollfelder F, Potocki-Veronese G. Investigating host-microbiome interactions by droplet based microfluidics. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:141. [PMID: 33004077 PMCID: PMC7531118 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of the mucosal interface between microbiota and the host in gut homeostasis, little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial gut colonization, involving foraging for glycans produced by epithelial cells. The slow pace of progress toward understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is largely due to the lack of efficient discovery tools, especially those targeting the uncultured fraction of the microbiota. RESULTS Here, we introduce an ultra-high-throughput metagenomic approach based on droplet microfluidics, to screen fosmid libraries. Thousands of bacterial genomes can be covered in 1 h of work, with less than ten micrograms of substrate. Applied to the screening of the mucosal microbiota for β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, this approach allowed the identification of pathways involved in the degradation of human gangliosides and milk oligosaccharides, the structural homologs of intestinal mucin glycans. These pathways, whose prevalence is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, could be the result of horizontal gene transfers with Bacteroides species. Such pathways represent novel targets to study the microbiota-host interactions in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases, in which the integrity of the mucosal barrier is impaired. CONCLUSION By compartmentalizing experiments inside microfluidic droplets, this method speeds up and miniaturizes by several orders of magnitude the screening process compared to conventional approaches, to capture entire metabolic pathways from metagenomic libraries. The method is compatible with all types of (meta)genomic libraries, and employs a commercially available flow cytometer instead of a custom-made sorting system to detect intracellular or extracellular enzyme activities. This versatile and generic workflow will accelerate experimental exploration campaigns in functional metagenomics and holobiomics studies, to further decipher host-microbiota relationships. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Tauzin
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariana Rangel Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, BrasÍlia, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Liisa D Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Drop-Tech, Canterbury Court, Cambridge, CB4 3QU, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Colin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeremy Esque
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Laguerre
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lombard
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Metagenopolis, INRAE, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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In vitro analysis of gallstone formation in the presence of bacteria. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:473-480. [PMID: 33201443 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM In our previous study, we have isolated different genera of bacteria from gallstones and this intrigued us to study their role in gallstone formation. The isolates exhibited certain biliary activities like urease activity, slime production, and β-glucuronidase production. We aimed to investigate the role of these factors in the formation of gallstone in in vitro conditions at a supersaturated concentration of cholesterol. METHODOLOGY To mimic bile in in vitro state, Brilliant Green Bile Broth (BGBB) media having a composition similar to human bile was used. Four different experimental sets were prepared, each having nine flasks with varying concentrations of cholesterol and CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). Test sets I, II, III, and IV were inoculated with Salmonella, Enterococcus, Helicobacter, and Neisseria respectively, which were isolated from gallstone itself. Out of these four bacteria, only Helicobacter did not possess slime activity. A control set was also established which was devoid of bacteria. The control also had nine flasks with different concentrations of cholesterol and CaCO3. All the sets were incubated in the incubator shaker at 37 °C and 80 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 20 days. RESULT It was observed that the sets having bacteria had a less nucleation time as compared to the control (F = 5.274; p < 0.001). Solidification of gallstone was observed only in the set with bacteria having slime activity (sets I, II, and IV). CONCLUSION The slime activity of bacteria leads to solidification of gallstones, whereas the other activities accelerate the nucleation of gallstone formation enhancing the severity of the disease.
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Reynolds CJ, Koszewski NJ, Horst RL, Beitz DC, Goff JP. Role of glucuronidated 25-hydroxyvitamin D on colon gene expression in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G253-G260. [PMID: 32628073 PMCID: PMC7500262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00355.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-3β-glucuronic acid (25OHD-Gluc) is produced in the liver and is a constituent of human blood and bile. Bacterial glucuronidases (GUS) in mammalian digestive microbiota cleave glucuronide conjugates, such as 25OHD-Gluc, and release the free aglycone (i.e., 25OHD) inside the intestinal lumen. We hypothesized that 25OHD-Gluc would elicit a VDR-dependent mRNA response in the colon after cleavage by gut microbiota. The activity of 25OHD-Gluc was investigated by measuring expression of cytochrome P450 24A1 (Cyp24) mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. In cell culture, Caco2 cells responded to 25OHD-Gluc, whereas HT29 cells did not. When coincubated with GUS, both cell lines elicited a robust response as indicated by a 5 Ct (32-fold) increase in Cyp24 mRNA. In vitamin D-sufficient mice, we found that both oral and subcutaneous administration of 1 nmol 25OHD-Gluc induced expression of Cyp24 mRNA in the colon whereas 25OHD did not. In contrast, 25OHD, but not 25OHD-Gluc, was active in the duodenum. When the jejunum was surgically ligated to block flow of digesta to the colon, neither oral nor subcutaneous administration of 2 nmol 25OHD-Gluc was able to induce expression of Cyp24 in the colon. Our findings suggest that 25OHD-Gluc, a vitamin D metabolite found in bile, induces VDR-mediated responses in the colon by crossing the apical membrane of the colon epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that 25OHD-Gluc, an endogenously produced metabolite, is delivered to the colon via bile to induce vitamin D-mediated responses in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donald C. Beitz
- 1Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jesse P. Goff
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Chadha J, Nandi D, Atri Y, Nag A. Significance of human microbiome in breast cancer: Tale of an invisible and an invincible. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:112-127. [PMID: 32717337 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a mysterious treasure of the body playing endless important roles in the well-being of the host metabolism, digestion, and immunity. On the other hand, it actively participates in the development of a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. With the Human Microbiome Project initiative, metagenomics, and next-generation sequencing technologies in place, the last decade has witnessed immense explorations and investigations on the enigmatic association of breast cancer with the human microbiome. However, the connection between the human microbiome and breast cancer remains to be explored in greater detail. In fact, there are several emerging questions such as whether the host microbiota contributes to disease initiation, or is it a consequence of the disease is an irrevocably important question that demands a valid answer. Since the microbiome is an extremely complex community, gaps still remain on how this vital microbial organ plays a role in orchestrating breast cancer development. Nevertheless, undeniable evidence from studies has pinpointed the presence of specific microbial elements of the breast and gut to play a role in governing breast cancer. It is still unclear if an alteration in microbiome/dysbiosis leads to breast cancer or is it vice versa. Though specific microbial signatures have been detected to be associated with various breast cancer subtypes, the structure and composition of a core "healthy" microbiome is yet to be established. Probiotics seem to be a promising antidote for targeted prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Interestingly, these microbial communities can serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, thereby leading to the rise of a completely new era of personalized medicine. This review is a humble attempt to summarize the research findings on the human microbiome and its relation to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Yama Atri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Redondo-Useros N, Nova E, González-Zancada N, Díaz LE, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A. Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1776. [PMID: 32549225 PMCID: PMC7353459 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that a good balance and healthy function for bacteria groups in the colon are necessary to maintain homeostasis and preserve health. However, the lack of consensus on what defines a healthy gut microbiota and the multitude of factors that influence human gut microbiota composition complicate the development of appropriate dietary recommendations for our gut microbiota. Furthermore, the varied response to the intake of probiotics and prebiotics observed in healthy adults suggests the existence of potential inter- and intra-individual factors, which might account for gut microbiota changes to a greater extent than diet. The changing dietary habits worldwide involving consumption of processed foods containing artificial ingredients, such as sweeteners; the coincident rise in emotional disorders; and the worsening of other lifestyle habits, such as smoking habits, drug consumption, and sleep, can together contribute to gut dysbiosis and health impairment, as well as the development of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the effects of specific dietary ingredients (probiotics, prebiotics, alcohol, refined sugars and sweeteners, fats) in the gut microbiota of healthy adults and the potential inter- and intra-individual factors involved, as well as the influence of other potential lifestyle factors that are dramatically increasing nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais, St.10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.-U.); (E.N.); (N.G.-Z.); (L.E.D.); (S.G.-M.)
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Walsh J, Olavarria-Ramirez L, Lach G, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Hyland NP, Clarke G. Impact of host and environmental factors on β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity: implications for gastrointestinal serotonin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G816-G826. [PMID: 32146834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses a reservoir of bacterial-derived enzymes that can directly catalyze the metabolism of drugs, dietary elements and endogenous molecules. Both host and environmental factors may influence this enzymatic activity, with the potential to dictate the availability of the biologically-active form of endogenous molecules in the gut and influence inter-individual variation in drug metabolism. We aimed to investigate the influence of the microbiota, and the modulation of its composition, on fecal enzymatic activity. Intrinsic factors related to the host, including age, sex and genetic background, were also explored. Fecalase, a cell-free extract of feces, was prepared and used in a colorimetric-based assay to quantify enzymatic activity. To demonstrate the functional effects of fecal enzymatic activity, we examined β-glucuronidase-mediated cleavage of serotonin β-d-glucuronide (5-HT-GLU) and the resultant production of free 5-HT by HPLC. As expected, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity were absent in germ-free mice. Enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by mouse strain and animal species. Sex and age significantly altered metabolic activity with implications for free 5-HT. β-Glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity remained at reduced levels for nearly two weeks after cessation of antibiotic administration. This effect on fecalase corresponded to significantly lower 5-HT levels as compared with incubation with pre-antibiotic fecalase from the same mice. Dietary targeting of the microbiota using prebiotics did not alter β-glucuronidase or β-glucosidase activity. Our data demonstrate that multiple factors influence the activity of bacterial-derived enzymes which may have potential clinical implications for drug metabolism and the deconjugation of host-produced glucuronides in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article explores a comprehensive range of host and environmental factors that introduce variability in the expression of bacterial-derived metabolic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that altered β-glucuronidase activity has implications for the bioavailability of luminal serotonin. The experimental approach employed, fecalase, provides a mechanistic basis and translational platform to further delineate the functional outputs of altered metabolic activity, and the associated physiological effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on host response to drugs and host-produced glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Loreto Olavarria-Ramirez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Fu S. Advances in the Correlation between Intestinal Microbiota and Breast Cancer Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2020.1112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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65
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between IgA responses to Gram-negative gut commensal bacteria and peri-menstrual symptoms and sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual symptoms. METHODS Forty women aged 18-45 years completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during all 28 consecutive days of the menstrual cycle. We assayed, in plasma, IgA responses to six Gram-negative bacteria, that is, Hafnei alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putida and Citobacter koseri, progesterone and oestradiol at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS Significant changes in Δ (actual - 1 week earlier) IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the six Gram-negative bacteria during the menstrual cycle were observed with peak IgA levels at T4 (day 28) and lows at T1 or T2 (day 7 or 14). The ΔIgA changes in H. alvei, M. Morganii, P. putida during the menstrual cycle were significantly and positively associated with changes in the total DRSP score, and severity of physio-somatic, anxiety and breast-craving, but not depressive, symptoms. The changes in IgA responses to LPS were largely predicted by changes in progesterone and steady-state levels of progesterone averaged over the luteal phase. DISCUSSION Menstrual cycle-associated changes in IgA directed against LPS and by inference bacterial translocation may be driven by the effects of progesterone on transcellular, paracellular and vascular pathways (leaky gut) thereby contributing to the severity of physio-somatic and anxiety symptoms as well as fatigue, breast swelling and food cravings.
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66
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Colldén H, Landin A, Wallenius V, Elebring E, Fändriks L, Nilsson ME, Ryberg H, Poutanen M, Sjögren K, Vandenput L, Ohlsson C. The gut microbiota is a major regulator of androgen metabolism in intestinal contents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1182-E1192. [PMID: 31689143 PMCID: PMC6962501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgens exert important effects both in androgen-responsive tissues and in the intestinal tract. To determine the impact of the gut microbiota (GM) on intestinal androgen metabolism, we measured unconjugated (free) and glucuronidated androgen levels in intestinal contents from the small intestine, with a low bacterial density, and from cecum and colon, with a high bacterial density. Using a specific, sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we detected high levels of glucuronidated testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in small intestinal content of mice of both sexes, whereas in the distal intestine we observed remarkably high levels of free DHT, exceeding serum levels by >20-fold. Similarly, in young adult men high levels of unconjugated DHT, >70-fold higher than in serum, were detected in feces. In contrast to mice with a normal GM composition, germ-free mice had high levels of glucuronidated T and DHT, but very low free DHT levels, in the distal intestine. These findings demonstrate that the GM is involved in intestinal metabolism and deglucuronidation of DHT and T, resulting in extremely high free levels of the most potent androgen, DHT, in the colonic content of young and healthy mice and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Colldén
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Landin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Elebring
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Nilsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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67
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Untapped "-omics": the microbial metagenome, estrobolome, and their influence on the development of breast cancer and response to treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:287-300. [PMID: 31646389 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of next generation sequencing technologies, there is an increasingly complex understanding of the role of gastrointestinal and local breast microbial dysbiosis in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the microbiome's role in breast carcinogenesis, discussing modifiable risk factors that may affect breast cancer risk by inducing dysbiosis as well as recent sequencing data illustrating breast cancer subtype-specific differences in local breast tissue microbiota. We outline how the 'estrobolome,' the aggregate of estrogen-metabolizing enteric bacterial genes, may affect the risk of developing postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. We also discuss the microbiome's potent capacity for anticancer therapy activation and deactivation, an important attribute of the gastrointestinal microbiome that has yet to be harnessed clinically.
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68
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Mendoza L. Potential effect of probiotics in the treatment of breast cancer. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:422. [PMID: 31583054 PMCID: PMC6775487 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of cancerrelated morbidity and mortality in the world. Probiotics, as functional food, have the potential to act against breast cancer, as evidenced by cell-based and animal model experiments. Probiotic may be useful in prevention or treatment of breast cancer by modulating the gastrointestinal bacteria and the systemic immune system. However, large-scale clinical trials and intensive research are mandatory to confirm the in vitro and in vivo results and exploring the probiotics-related metabolic, immune, and molecular mechanisms in breast cancer. This current review summarizes the available data related to probiotics and their potential role in the treatment of breast cancer.
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69
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Ho A, Sinick J, Esko T, Fischer K, Menni C, Zierer J, Matey-Hernandez M, Fortney K, Morgen EK. Circulating glucuronic acid predicts healthspan and longevity in humans and mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7694-7706. [PMID: 31557729 PMCID: PMC6781977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronic acid is a metabolite of glucose that is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds and the structure/remodeling of the extracellular matrix. We report for the first time that circulating glucuronic acid is a robust biomarker of mortality that is conserved across species. We find that glucuronic acid levels are significant predictors of all-cause mortality in three population-based cohorts from different countries with 4-20 years of follow-up (HR=1.44, p=2.9×10-6 in the discovery cohort; HR=1.13, p=0.032 and HR=1.25, p=0.017, respectively in the replication cohorts), as well as in a longitudinal study of genetically heterogenous mice (HR=1.29, p=0.018). Additionally, we find that glucuronic acid levels increase with age and predict future healthspan-related outcomes. Together, these results demonstrate glucuronic acid as a robust biomarker of longevity and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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70
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Ferreira MDF, Salavati Schmitz S, Schoenebeck JJ, Clements DN, Campbell SM, Gaylor DE, Mellanby RJ, Gow AG, Salavati M. Lactulose drives a reversible reduction and qualitative modulation of the faecal microbiota diversity in healthy dogs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13350. [PMID: 31527716 PMCID: PMC6746952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent and debilitating complication of liver disorders. Lactulose is an established and reasonably effective treatment, yet with incompletely understood mechanisms of action. The aims of this study were to examine how the faecal microbiota composition changed before, during and after lactulose treatment in a large animal model. Healthy, privately owned dogs (n = 18) completed a prospective cohort study. Faecal samples were collected weekly, while the subjects were either on their usual diet (week 1), or a standardised diet (weeks 2-9), with added oral lactulose in weeks 6-7. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were undertaken. Faecal samples from week 7 had a significantly lower microbiota richness/diversity, based on observed operational taxonomic units, Shannon/Chao1 indexes and Pielou's Evenness. Beta diversity based on UniFrac distances was significantly different in week 7 compared to weeks 1, 5 and 9. At the phylum level, week 7 was associated with a significant increase of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, when compared to weeks 5 and 9. In summary, we have shown that lactulose induces a reversible qualitative and quantitative change of the faecal microbiota, which may explain its clinical efficacy in the management of hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa da Fonseca Ferreira
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Joseph Schoenebeck
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Neil Clements
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Mary Campbell
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Elaine Gaylor
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam George Gow
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Mazdak Salavati
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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Razavi AC, Potts KS, Kelly TN, Bazzano LA. Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:29. [PMID: 31182162 PMCID: PMC6558780 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Key differences exist between men and women in the determinants and manifestations of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, gut microbiome-host relations have been implicated in cardiovascular disease and associated metabolic conditions; therefore, gut microbiota may be key mediators or modulators driving the observed sexual dimorphism in disease onset and progression. While current evidence regarding pure physiological sex differences in gut microbiome composition is modest, robust research suggests that gut microbiome-dependent metabolites may interact with important biological pathways under sex hormone control, including toll-like receptor and flavin monooxygenase signaling. Here, we review key sex differences in gut microbiome interactions with four primary determinants of cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Through this process, we propose important sex differences in downstream metabolic pathways that may be at the interface of the gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Kaitlin S. Potts
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Tanika N. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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72
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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73
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Zhang J, Lacroix C, Wortmann E, Ruscheweyh HJ, Sunagawa S, Sturla SJ, Schwab C. Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase and glycerol/diol dehydratase activity contribute to dietary heterocyclic amine biotransformation. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:99. [PMID: 31096909 PMCID: PMC6524314 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming red and processed meat has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is partly attributed to exposure to carcinogens such as heterocyclic amines (HCA) formed during cooking and preservation processes. The interaction of gut microbes and HCA can result in altered bioactivities and it has been shown previously that human gut microbiota can transform mutagenic HCA to a glycerol conjugate with reduced mutagenic potential. However, the major form of HCA in the colon are glucuronides (HCA-G) and it is not known whether these metabolites, via stepwise microbial hydrolysis and acrolein conjugation, are viable precursors for glycerol conjugated metabolites. We hypothesized that such a process could be concurrently catalyzed by bacterial beta-glucuronidase (B-GUS) and glycerol/diol dehydratase (GDH) activity. We therefore investigated how the HCA-G PhIP-N2-β-D-glucuronide (PhIP-G), a representative liver metabolite of PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine), which is the most abundant carcinogenic HCA in well-cooked meat, is transformed by enzymatic activity of human gut microbial representatives of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. RESULTS We employed a combination of growth and enzymatic assays, and a bioanalysis approach combined with metagenomics. B-GUS of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii converted PhIP-G to PhIP and GDH of Flavonifractor plautii, Blautia obeum, Eubacterium hallii, and Lactobacillus reuteri converted PhIP to PhIP-M1 in the presence of glycerol. In addition, B-GUS- and GDH-positive bacteria cooperatively converted PhIP-G to PhIP-M1. A screen of genes encoding B-GUS and GDH was performed for fecal microbiome data from healthy individuals (n = 103) and from CRC patients (n = 53), which revealed a decrease in abundance of taxa with confirmed GDH and HCA transformation activity in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time demonstrates that gut microbes mediate the stepwise transformation of PhIP-G to PhIP-M1 via the intermediate production of PhIP. Findings from this study suggest that targeted manipulation with gut microbes bearing specific functions, or dietary glycerol supplementation might modify gut microbial activity to reduce HCA-induced CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Present Address: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wortmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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74
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Synthesis of Chromen-4-One-Oxadiazole Substituted Analogs as Potent β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081528. [PMID: 31003424 PMCID: PMC6514607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromen-4-one substituted oxadiazole analogs 1-19 have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibition. All analogs exhibited a variable degree of β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging in between 0.8 ± 0.1-42.3 ± 0.8 μM when compared with the standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50 = 48.1 ± 1.2 μM). Structure activity relationship has been established for all compounds. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interaction of the compounds with the active site of enzyme.
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75
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Mikó E, Kovács T, Sebő É, Tóth J, Csonka T, Ujlaki G, Sipos A, Szabó J, Méhes G, Bai P. Microbiome-Microbial Metabolome-Cancer Cell Interactions in Breast Cancer-Familiar, but Unexplored. Cells 2019; 8:E293. [PMID: 30934972 PMCID: PMC6523810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Dysbiosis, an aberrant composition of the microbiome, characterizes breast cancer. In this review we discuss the changes to the metabolism of breast cancer cells, as well as the composition of the breast and gut microbiome in breast cancer. The role of the breast microbiome in breast cancer is unresolved, nevertheless it seems that the gut microbiome does have a role in the pathology of the disease. The gut microbiome secretes bioactive metabolites (reactivated estrogens, short chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites, or secondary bile acids) that modulate breast cancer. We highlight the bacterial species or taxonomical units that generate these metabolites, we show their mode of action, and discuss how the metabolites affect mitochondrial metabolism and other molecular events in breast cancer. These metabolites resemble human hormones, as they are produced in a "gland" (in this case, the microbiome) and they are subsequently transferred to distant sites of action through the circulation. These metabolites appear to be important constituents of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how bacterial dysbiosis interferes with breast cancer treatment through interfering with chemotherapeutic drug metabolism and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Sebő
- Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Tóth
- Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Csonka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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76
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Whidbey C, Sadler NC, Nair RN, Volk RF, DeLeon AJ, Bramer LM, Fansler SJ, Hansen JR, Shukla AK, Jansson JK, Thrall BD, Wright AT. A Probe-Enabled Approach for the Selective Isolation and Characterization of Functionally Active Subpopulations in the Gut Microbiome. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:42-47. [PMID: 30541282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms in the mammalian gut play important roles in host health and physiology, but a central challenge remains in achieving a detailed mechanistic understanding of specific microbial contributions to host biochemistry. New function-based approaches are needed that analyze gut microbial function at the molecular level by coupling detection and measurements of in situ biochemical activity with identification of the responsible microbes and enzymes. We developed a platform employing β-glucuronidase selective activity-based probes to detect, isolate, and identify microbial subpopulations in the gut responsible for this xenobiotic metabolism. We find that metabolic activity of gut microbiota can be plastic and that between individuals and during perturbation, phylogenetically disparate populations can provide β-glucuronidase activity. Our work links biochemical activity with molecular-scale resolution without relying on genomic inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Whidbey
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Natalie C Sadler
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Reji N Nair
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Regan F Volk
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Adrian J DeLeon
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Sarah J Fansler
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Joshua R Hansen
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99163 , United States
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77
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Little MS, Ervin SM, Walton WG, Tripathy A, Xu Y, Liu J, Redinbo MR. Active site flexibility revealed in crystal structures of Parabacteroides merdae β-glucuronidase from the human gut microbiome. Protein Sci 2018; 27:2010-2022. [PMID: 30230652 PMCID: PMC6237702 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are involved in maintaining mammalian-microbial symbiosis and can play key roles in drug efficacy and toxicity. Parabacteroides merdae GUS was identified as an abundant mini-Loop 2 (mL2) type GUS enzyme in the Human Microbiome Project gut metagenomic database. Here, we report the crystal structure of P. merdae GUS and highlight the differences between this enzyme and extant structures of gut microbial GUS proteins. We find that P. merdae GUS exhibits a distinct tetrameric quaternary structure and that the mL2 motif traces a unique path within the active site, which also includes two arginines distinctive to this GUS. We observe two states of the P. merdae GUS active site; a loop repositions itself by more than 50 Å to place a functionally-relevant residue into the enzyme's catalytic site. Finally, we find that P. merdae GUS is able to bind to homo and heteropolymers of the polysaccharide alginic acid. Together, these data broaden our understanding of the structural and functional diversity in the GUS family of enzymes present in the human gut microbiome and point to specialization as an important feature of microbial GUS orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Little
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Samantha M. Ervin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
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78
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Dashnyam P, Mudududdla R, Hsieh TJ, Lin TC, Lin HY, Chen PY, Hsu CY, Lin CH. β-Glucuronidases of opportunistic bacteria are the major contributors to xenobiotic-induced toxicity in the gut. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16372. [PMID: 30401818 PMCID: PMC6219552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacterial β-D-glucuronidases (GUSs) catalyze the removal of glucuronic acid from liver-produced β-D-glucuronides. These reactions can have deleterious consequences when they reverse xenobiotic metabolism. The human gut contains hundreds of GUSs of variable sequences and structures. To understand how any particular bacterial GUS(s) contributes to global GUS activity and affects human health, the individual substrate preference(s) must be known. Herein, we report that representative GUSs vary in their ability to produce various xenobiotics from their respective glucuronides. To attempt to explain the distinct substrate preference, we solved the structure of a bacterial GUS complexed with coumarin-3-β-D-glucuronide. Comparisons of this structure with other GUS structures identified differences in loop 3 (or the α2-helix loop) and loop 5 at the aglycone-binding site, where differences in their conformations, hydrophobicities and flexibilities appear to underlie the distinct substrate preference(s) of the GUSs. Additional sequence, structural and functional analysis indicated that several groups of functionally related gut bacterial GUSs exist. Our results pinpoint opportunistic gut bacterial GUSs as those that cause xenobiotic-induced toxicity. We propose a structure-activity relationship that should allow both the prediction of the functional roles of GUSs and the design of selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punsaldulam Dashnyam
- 0000 0000 9360 4962grid.469086.5Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ,0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ,0000 0004 0532 3749grid.260542.7Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ju Hsieh
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Lin
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yuan Chen
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- 0000 0000 9360 4962grid.469086.5Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ,0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ,0000 0004 0532 3749grid.260542.7Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,0000 0004 0546 0241grid.19188.39Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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79
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Feng L, Yang Y, Huo X, Tian X, Feng Y, Yuan H, Zhao L, Wang C, Chu P, Long F, Wang W, Ma X. Highly Selective NIR Probe for Intestinal β-Glucuronidase and High-Throughput Screening Inhibitors to Therapy Intestinal Damage. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1727-1734. [PMID: 30149692 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GLU) as a vital factor in enterohepatic circulation and drug-inducing enteropathy has been given more and more attention in recent years. In this study, an off-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DDAO-glu) for selectively and sensitively sensing GLU was developed on the basis of its substrate preference. DDAO-glu can rapidly and selectively respond to bacterial GLU under physiological conditions for detecting the real-time intestinal GLU bioactivity of complex biological systems such as human feces in clinic. Meantime, DDAO-glu has been successfully applied for visualization of endogenous GLU in bacterial biofilm, thallus, and even in vivo. Using this NIR probe, we successfully visualized the real distribution of intestinal GLU in the enterohepatic circulation. Furthermore, a high-throughput screening method was successfully established by our probe, and a potent natural inhibitor of GLU was identified as (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) for effectively preventing NSAIDs-inducing enteropathy in vivo. DDAO-glu could serve as a powerful tool for exploring real physical functions of intestinal GLU in enterohepatic circulation, under physiological and pathological contexts, and developing the novel inhibitors of GLU to therapy acute drug-inducing enteropathy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- Bio/Medical Experiment Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feida Long
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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80
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Cross TWL, Kasahara K, Rey FE. Sexual dimorphism of cardiometabolic dysfunction: Gut microbiome in the play? Mol Metab 2018; 15:70-81. [PMID: 29887245 PMCID: PMC6066746 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex is one of the most powerful modifiers of disease development. Clear sexual dimorphism exists in cardiometabolic health susceptibility, likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones. Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis; however, the impact of microbes in sex-biased cardiometabolic disorders remains unclear. The gut microbiome is critical for maintaining a normal estrous cycle, testosterone levels, and reproductive function. Gut microbes modulate the enterohepatic recirculation of estrogens and androgens, affecting local and systemic levels of sex steroid hormones. Gut bacteria can also generate androgens from glucocorticoids. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes current knowledge of the complex interplay between sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic disease and the gut microbiome. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence suggests the role of gut microbiome as a modifier of disease susceptibility due to sex; however, the impact on cardiometabolic disease in this complex interplay is lacking. Elucidating the role of gut microbiome on sex-biased susceptibility in cardiometabolic disease is of high relevance to public health given its high prevalence and significant financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
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81
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Walsh J, Griffin BT, Clarke G, Hyland NP. Drug-gut microbiota interactions: implications for neuropharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4415-4429. [PMID: 29782640 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome is known to, both directly and indirectly, affect drug metabolism. More evidence now hints at the effects that drugs can have on the function and composition of the gut microbiome. Both microbiota-mediated alterations in drug metabolism and drug-mediated alterations in the gut microbiome can have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. Greater insights into the mechanisms driving these reciprocal drug-gut microbiota interactions are needed to guide the development of microbiome-targeted dietary or pharmacological interventions, which may have the potential to enhance drug efficacy or reduce drug side effects. In this review, we explore the relationship between drugs and the gut microbiome, with a specific focus on potential mechanisms underpinning the drug-mediated alterations on the gut microbiome and the potential implications for psychoactive drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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82
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Zhang Z, Li D. Thermal processing of food reduces gut microbiota diversity of the host and triggers adaptation of the microbiota: evidence from two vertebrates. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 29855351 PMCID: PMC5984331 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of thermal processing of the diet drives human evolution and gut microbiota diversity changes in a dietary habit-dependent manner. However, whether thermal processing of food triggers gut microbial variation remains unknown. Herein, we compared the microbiota of non-thermally processed and thermally processed food (NF and TF) and investigated gut microbiota associated with NF and TF in catfish Silurus meridionalis and C57BL/6 mice to assess effects of thermal processing of food on gut microbiota and to further identify the differences in host responses. RESULTS We found no differences in overall microbial composition and structure in the pairwise NF and TF, but identified differential microbial communities between food and gut. Both fish and mice fed TF had significantly lower gut microbial diversity than those fed NF. Moreover, thermal processing of food triggered the changes in their microbial communities. Comparative host studies further indicated host species determined gut microbial assemblies, even if fed with the same food. Fusobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the fish, and Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated in the mice. Besides the consistent reduction of Bacteroidetes and the balanced Protebacteria, the response of other dominated gut microbiota in the fish and mice to TF was taxonomically opposite at the phylum level, and those further found at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that thermal processing of food strongly contributes to the reduction of gut microbial diversity and differentially drives microbial alterations in a host-dependent manner, suggesting specific adaptations of host-gut microbiota in vertebrates responding to thermal processing of food. These findings open a window of opportunity to understand the decline in gut microbial diversity and the community variation in human evolution and provide new insights into the host-specific microbial assemblages associated with the use of processing techniques in food preparation in humans and domesticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Fishery Resources and Environment, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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83
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Rossi P, Difrancia R, Quagliariello V, Savino E, Tralongo P, Randazzo CL, Berretta M. B-glucans from Grifola frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer: an example of complementary and integrative medicine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24837-24856. [PMID: 29872510 PMCID: PMC5973856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary and medicinal mushrooms are widely used in Asian countries, both as dietary supplements and as nutraceutical foods. They have recently become popular in Europe, as well, for their nutritional and health benefits. In particular, epidemiological studies conducted in Asia suggest that mushroom intake, together with other phytotherapy substances, protects against cancer, specifically gastrointestinal (GI) and breast cancers. Most of the data come from in vitro studies and in vivo experimental animal models. Therefore, in order to translate the updated knowledge to clinical research (i.e., from bench to bedside) a systematic translational research program should be initiated. Future randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of G. frondosa and G. lucidum on conventional treatment outcomes are warranted. The purpose of this review was to describe the emerging mechanisms of action of the mushrooms' anticancer functions which makes their use in clinical practice so promising. Clinical effects of mycotherapy (specifically, the use of Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa) on long-term survival, tumor response, host immune functions, inflammation, and QoL in cancer patients were also addressed. Adverse events associated with mycotherapy were also investigated. Emerging data point to a potential role of G. lucidum for modulating the carcinogenic potential of GI microbiota, which suggests a new complementary and integrated approach to breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy
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84
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Jin Y, Tian X, Jin L, Cui Y, Liu T, Yu Z, Huo X, Cui J, Sun C, Wang C, Ning J, Zhang B, Feng L, Ma X. Highly Specific near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for the Real-Time Detection of β-Glucuronidase in Various Living Cells and Animals. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3276-3283. [PMID: 29400050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GLU) is an important biomarker for primary cancers and intestinal metabolism of drugs or endogenous substances; however, an effective optical probe for near-infrared (NIR) monitoring in vivo is still lacking. Herein, we design an enzyme-activated off-on NIR fluorescent probe, HC-glu, based on a hemicyanine keleton, which is conjugated with a d-glucuronic acid residue via a glycosidic bond, for the fluorescent quantification and trapping of endogenous GLU activity in vitro and in vivo. The newly developed NIR probe exhibited prominent features including prominent selectivity, high sensitivity, and ultrahigh imaging resolution. It has been successfully used to detect and image endogenous GLU in various hepatoma carcinoma cells, tumor tissues, and tumor-bearing mouse models, for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, it could detect the in vivo activity of GLU in the intestinal tracts of animals including mice and zebrafish, where GLU performs a vital biological function and is mainly distributed. It could also evaluate real intestinal distribution and real-time variations of GLU in development and growth, all of which are very helpful to guide rational drug use in the clinic. Our results fully demonstrated that HC-glu may serve as a promising tool for evaluating the biological function and process of GLU in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Lingling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Yonglei Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Ganjingzi District, Linggong Road No. 2 , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Ganjingzi District, Linggong Road No. 2 , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Ganjingzi District, Linggong Road No. 2 , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Lvshun South Road No. 9 , Dalian 116044 , China
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85
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Little MS, Pellock SJ, Walton WG, Tripathy A, Redinbo MR. Structural basis for the regulation of β-glucuronidase expression by human gut Enterobacteriaceae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E152-E161. [PMID: 29269393 PMCID: PMC5777068 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716241115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbor diverse β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes that liberate glucuronic acid (GlcA) sugars from small-molecule conjugates and complex carbohydrates. However, only the Enterobacteriaceae family of human gut-associated Proteobacteria maintain a GUS operon under the transcriptional control of a glucuronide repressor, GusR. Despite its potential importance in Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Yersinia opportunistic pathogens, the structure of GusR has not been examined. Here, we explore the molecular basis for GusR-mediated regulation of GUS expression in response to small-molecule glucuronides. Presented are 2.1-Å-resolution crystal structures of GusRs from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in complexes with a glucuronide ligand. The GusR-specific DNA operator site in the regulatory region of the E. coli GUS operon is identified, and structure-guided GusR mutants pinpoint the residues essential for DNA binding and glucuronide recognition. Interestingly, the endobiotic estradiol-17-glucuronide and the xenobiotic indomethacin-acyl-glucuronide are found to exhibit markedly differential binding to these GusR orthologs. Using structure-guided mutations, we are able to transfer E. coli GusR's preferential DNA and glucuronide binding affinity to S. enterica GusR. Structures of putative GusR orthologs from GUS-encoding Firmicutes species also reveal functionally unique features of the Enterobacteriaceae GusRs. Finally, dominant-negative GusR variants are validated in cell-based studies. These data provide a molecular framework toward understanding the control of glucuronide utilization by opportunistic pathogens in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
| | - Samuel J Pellock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290
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86
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Wang P, Wang R, Zhu Y, Sang S. Interindividual Variability in Metabolism of [6]-Shogaol by Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9618-9625. [PMID: 29019244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
[6]-Shogaol (6S), one of the major bioactive components in dry ginger, is attracting considerable attention because of its wide spectrum of biological activities, but its metabolic fate is still not fully understood. In the present study, the microbial metabolism of 6S was examined for the first time in in vitro batch fecal fermentation system and in mice. Two major microbial metabolites were detected and identified as 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-ol (M9) and 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M11). Our results indicated that reductions of the double bond and the ketone group are the major metabolic pathways of 6S by the human gut microbiota. We also observed the interindividual variability in the metabolism of M11 to M9 by human gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrated that the glucuronidated form of 6S and its metabolites could be rapidly deconjugated by human gut microbiota and in mice, which can be regarded as a reactive process taking place in the intestinal tract. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving the identification of the microbial metabolites of 6S in an in vitro fermentation system, and the first demonstration of the critical role of gut microbiota in producing the bioactive free form of 6S and its metabolites in the intestinal tract in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Ronghui Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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87
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Guthrie L, Gupta S, Daily J, Kelly L. Human microbiome signatures of differential colorectal cancer drug metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017; 3:27. [PMID: 29104759 PMCID: PMC5665930 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well appreciated that microbial metabolism of drugs can influence treatment efficacy. Microbial β-glucuronidases in the gut can reactivate the excreted, inactive metabolite of irinotecan, a first-line chemotherapeutic for metastatic colorectal cancer. Reactivation causes adverse drug responses, including severe diarrhea. However, a direct connection between irinotecan metabolism and the composition of an individual’s gut microbiota has not previously been made. Here, we report quantitative evidence of inter-individual variability in microbiome metabolism of the inactive metabolite of irinotecan to its active form. We identify a high turnover microbiota metabotype with potentially elevated risk for irinotecan-dependent adverse drug responses. We link the high turnover metabotype to unreported microbial β-glucuronidases; inhibiting these enzymes may decrease irinotecan-dependent adverse drug responses in targeted subsets of patients. In total, this study reveals metagenomic mining of the microbiome, combined with metabolomics, as a non-invasive approach to develop biomarkers for colorectal cancer treatment outcomes. Differences in the microbial populations in the gut may help predict the likelihood of adverse reactions to a drug used to treat bowel cancer. Libusha Kelly, Leah Guthrie, and colleagues at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York examined the undesirable reactivation of the chemotherapy drug irinotecan by microbial enzymes in the gut. They identified an association between specific forms of microbial metabolic activity and drug metabolism. Sampling the microbial population of a patient’s gut may therefore offer a relatively non-invasive way to identify biomarkers predicting the likelihood of adverse reactions due to microbial metabolism. The research also suggests that using drugs to inhibit the activity of specific microbial enzymes in the gut might improve the outcome of some treatments. Modifying the microbial population prior to treatment may be another option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Guthrie
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Sanchit Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Johanna Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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88
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Pollet RM, D'Agostino EH, Walton WG, Xu Y, Little MS, Biernat KA, Pellock SJ, Patterson LM, Creekmore BC, Isenberg HN, Bahethi RR, Bhatt AP, Liu J, Gharaibeh RZ, Redinbo MR. An Atlas of β-Glucuronidases in the Human Intestinal Microbiome. Structure 2017; 25:967-977.e5. [PMID: 28578872 PMCID: PMC5533298 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome-encoded β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes play important roles in human health by metabolizing drugs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The numbers, types, and diversity of these proteins in the human GI microbiome, however, remain undefined. We present an atlas of GUS enzymes comprehensive for the Human Microbiome Project GI database. We identify 3,013 total and 279 unique microbiome-encoded GUS proteins clustered into six unique structural categories. We assign their taxonomy, assess cellular localization, reveal the inter-individual variability within the 139 individuals sampled, and discover 112 novel microbial GUS enzymes. A representative in vitro panel of the most common GUS proteins by read abundances highlights structural and functional variabilities within the family, including their differential processing of smaller glucuronides and larger carbohydrates. These data provide a sequencing-to-molecular roadmap for examining microbiome-encoded enzymes essential to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Pollet
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emma H D'Agostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael S Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen A Biernat
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samuel J Pellock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Loraine M Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin C Creekmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hanna N Isenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rohini R Bahethi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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89
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Lepage P. [The human gut microbiota: Interactions with the host and dysfunctions]. Rev Mal Respir 2017; 34:1085-1090. [PMID: 28506730 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota is composed of approximately 100,000 billion microorganisms with the average total number of different commensal bacterial species estimated at over 500 per individual. The human intestinal microbiota can be considered as an organ within another, which co-evolved with its host to achieve a symbiotic relationship leading to physiological homeostasis. The host provides an environment enriched in nutrients and the microbiota provides essential functions. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota (changes in bacterial composition) has been associated with local dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome but also with obesity and metabolic diseases. However, a better understanding of the human intestinal ecosystem is still needed to understand the exact role of the microbiota in health and disease. Most intestinal bacteria are anaerobic and therefore, for the large majority, impossible to culture at present. Consequently, their function cannot be inferred from data on their composition. Today, with the help of a metagenomic approach, the bacterial genomic content of an ecosystem and the associated functions can be directly accessed from the environment without culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lepage
- Institut Micalis, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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90
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Yarygin K, Tyakht A, Larin A, Kostryukova E, Kolchenko S, Bitner V, Alexeev D. Abundance profiling of specific gene groups using precomputed gut metagenomes yields novel biological hypotheses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176154. [PMID: 28448616 PMCID: PMC5407692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essentially a multifunctional bioreactor within a human being. The exploration of its enormous metabolic potential provides insights into the mechanisms underlying microbial ecology and interactions with the host. The data obtained using “shotgun” metagenomics capture information about the whole spectrum of microbial functions. However, each new study presenting new sequencing data tends to extract only a little of the information concerning the metabolic potential and often omits specific functions. A meta-analysis of the available data with an emphasis on biomedically relevant gene groups can unveil new global trends in the gut microbiota. As a step toward the reuse of metagenomic data, we developed a method for the quantitative profiling of user-defined groups of genes in human gut metagenomes. This method is based on the quick analysis of a gene coverage matrix obtained by pre-mapping the metagenomic reads to a global gut microbial catalogue. The method was applied to profile the abundance of several gene groups related to antibiotic resistance, phages, biosynthesis clusters and carbohydrate degradation in 784 metagenomes from healthy populations worldwide and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity. We discovered country-wise functional specifics in gut resistome and virome compositions. The most distinct features of the disease microbiota were found for Crohn’s disease, followed by ulcerative colitis and obesity. Profiling of the genes belonging to crAssphage showed that its abundance varied across the world populations and was not associated with clinical status. We demonstrated temporal resilience of crAssphage and the influence of the sample preparation protocol on its detected abundance. Our approach offers a convenient method to add value to accumulated “shotgun” metagenomic data by helping researchers state and assess novel biological hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Yarygin
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine (FRCC CPM), Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Tyakht
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine (FRCC CPM), Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Andrey Larin
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine (FRCC CPM), Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Kostryukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine (FRCC CPM), Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Sergei Kolchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
- HPC HUB LLC, Prospect Mira 112, Bld.12, Moscow 129626, Russia
| | - Vilgelm Bitner
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
- HPC HUB LLC, Prospect Mira 112, Bld.12, Moscow 129626, Russia
| | - Dmitry Alexeev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine (FRCC CPM), Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
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91
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Pellock SJ, Redinbo MR. Glucuronides in the gut: Sugar-driven symbioses between microbe and host. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8569-8576. [PMID: 28389557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.767434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal milieu is astonishingly complex and home to a constantly changing mixture of small and large molecules, along with an abundance of bacteria, viral particles, and eukaryotic cells. Such complexity makes it difficult to develop testable molecular hypotheses regarding host-microbe interactions. Fortunately, mammals and their associated gastrointestinal (GI) microbes contain complementary systems that are ideally suited for mechanistic studies. Mammalian systems inactivate endobiotic and xenobiotic compounds by linking them to a glucuronic acid sugar for GI excretion. In the GI tract, the microbiota express β-glucuronidase enzymes that remove the glucuronic acid as a carbon source, effectively reversing the actions of mammalian inactivation. Thus, by probing the actions of microbial β-glucuronidases, and by understanding which substrate glucuronides they process, molecular insights into mammalian-microbial symbioses may be revealed amid the complexity of the intestinal tract. Here, we focus on glucuronides in the gut and the microbial proteins that process them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Pellock
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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92
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Doré J, Multon MC, Béhier JM, Affagard H, Andremont A, Barthélémy P, Batista R, Bonneville M, Bonny C, Boyaval G, Chamaillard M, Chevalier MP, Cordaillat-Simmons M, Cournarie F, Diaz I, Guillaume E, Guyard C, Jouvin-Marche E, Martin FP, Petiteau D. Microbiote intestinal : qu’en attendre au plan physiologique et thérapeutique ? Therapie 2017; 72:1-19. [PMID: 28214070 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Doré
- INRA, Metagenopolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Andremont
- Hôpital Bichat, université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, 92240 Malakoff, France
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93
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Patrascu O, Béguet-Crespel F, Marinelli L, Le Chatelier E, Abraham AL, Leclerc M, Klopp C, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Blottière HM, Doré J, Béra-Maillet C. A fibrolytic potential in the human ileum mucosal microbiota revealed by functional metagenomic. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40248. [PMID: 28091525 PMCID: PMC5238381 DOI: 10.1038/srep40248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestion of dietary fibers is a major function of the human intestinal microbiota. So far this function has been attributed to the microorganisms inhabiting the colon, and many studies have focused on this distal part of the gastrointestinal tract using easily accessible fecal material. However, microbial fermentations, supported by the presence of short-chain fatty acids, are suspected to occur in the upper small intestine, particularly in the ileum. Using a fosmid library from the human ileal mucosa, we screened 20,000 clones for their activities against carboxymethylcellulose and xylans chosen as models of the major plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides from dietary fibres. Eleven positive clones revealed a broad range of CAZyme encoding genes from Bacteroides and Clostridiales species, as well as Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs). The functional glycoside hydrolase genes were identified, and oligosaccharide break-down products examined from different polysaccharides including mixed-linkage β-glucans. CAZymes and PULs were also examined for their prevalence in human gut microbiome. Several clusters of genes of low prevalence in fecal microbiome suggested they belong to unidentified strains rather specifically established upstream the colon, in the ileum. Thus, the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota encompasses the enzymatic potential for PCW polysaccharide degradation in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlane Patrascu
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Béguet-Crespel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludovica Marinelli
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Abraham
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- CNRS UMR 7257, Université Aix-Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS UMR 7257, Université Aix-Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Metagenopolis, INRA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Metagenopolis, INRA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christel Béra-Maillet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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94
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Doré J, Multon MC, Béhier JM. The human gut microbiome as source of innovation for health: Which physiological and therapeutic outcomes could we expect? Therapie 2017; 72:21-38. [PMID: 28131442 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From the moment of birth, each human being builds a microbe-host symbiosis which is key for the preservation of its health and well-being. This personal symbiotic coexistence is the result of progressive enrichments in microorganism diversity through external supplies. This diversity is nowadays massively overthrown by drastic changes related to clinical practice in birth management, environmental exposure, nutrition and healthcare behaviors. The last two generations have been the frame of massive modifications in life and food habits, with people being more and more sedentary, overfed and permeated with drugs and pollutants. We are now able to measure the impact of these changes on the gut microbiota diversity. Concomitantly, these modifications of lifestyle were associated with a dramatic increase in incidence of immune-mediated diseases including metabolic, allergic and inflammatory diseases and most likely neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Microbiota is becoming a hot topic in the scientific community and in the mainstream media. The number of scientific publications increased by up to a factor three over the last five years, with gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases being the most productive areas. In the intellectual property landscape, the patent families on microbiota have more than doubled in the meantime. In parallel, funding either from National Institutes (e.g. from NIH which funds research mainly in the field of allergies, infections, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, from the White House which launched the national microbiome initiative) or by pharmaceutical companies follow the same trend, showing a boost and a strong support in the research field on microbiota. All major health players are investing in microbiome research as shown by the number of deals signed and by funding during 2015. The Giens round table addressed how the medicine of tomorrow, considering human beings as a human-microbe symbiotic supraorganism, could leverage microbiome knowledge and tools. The rationale for our working group has been structured around four domains of innovation that could derive from ongoing efforts in deciphering the interactions between human cells and intestinal microbiome as a central component of human health, namely: (1) development of stratification and monitoring tools; (2) identification of new target and drug discovery, as a part of our supra-genome; (4) exploitation of microbiota as a therapeutic target that can be modulated; (4) and finally as a source of live biotherapeutics and adjuvants. These four streams will exemplify how microbiota has changed the way we consider a wide range of chronic and incurable diseases and the consequences of long-lasting dysbiosis. In-depth microbiota analysis is opening one of the broadest fields of investigation for improving human and animal health and will be a source of major therapeutic innovations for tackling today's medical unmet needs. We thus propose a range of recommendations for basic researchers, care givers as well as for health authorities to gain reliability in microbiome analysis and accelerate discovery processes and their translation into applications for the benefits of the people. Finally, les Ateliers de Giens round table on microbiota benefited from the richness of the French ecosystem. France represents a center of excellence in the microbiota research field, with French institutions as Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA [Metagenopolis, Micalis]), Centre national de la recherché scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), Institut of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Pasteur Institute and Gustave-Roussy being top-players for the number of publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Doré
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Metagenopolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Christine Multon
- Sanofi R&D, unité sciences translationnelles, 13, quai Jules-Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France.
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95
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Mishra VK, Passari AK, Leo VV, Singh BP. Molecular Diversity and Detection of Endophytic Fungi Based on Their Antimicrobial Biosynthetic Genes. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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96
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Sulfatases and radical SAM enzymes: emerging themes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism and the human microbiota. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:109-15. [PMID: 26862195 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans live in a permanent association with bacterial populations collectively called the microbiota. In the last 10 years, major advances in our knowledge of the microbiota have shed light on its critical roles in human physiology. The microbiota has also been shown to be a major factor in numerous pathologies including obesity or inflammatory disorders. Despite tremendous progresses, our understanding of the key functions of the human microbiota and the molecular basis of its interactions with the host remain still poorly understood. Among the factors involved in host colonization, two enzymes families, sulfatases and radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine enzymes, have recently emerged as key enzymes.
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97
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Frankenfeld CL. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax VA USA
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98
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Feasibility of Genome-Wide Screening for Biosafety Assessment of Probiotics: A Case Study of Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016. [PMID: 26223907 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an explosion in genome sequencing of probiotic strains for accurate identification and characterization. Regulatory bodies are emphasizing on the need for performing phase I safety studies for probiotics. The main hypothesis of this study was to explore the feasibility of using genome databases for safety screening of strains. In this study, we attempted to develop a framework for the safety assessment of a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 based on genome mining for genes associated with antibiotic resistance, production of harmful metabolites, and virulence. The sequencing of MTCC 5463 was performed using GS-FLX Titanium reagents. Genes coding for antibiotic resistance and virulence were identified using Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database and Virulence Factors Database. Results indicated that MTCC 5463 carried antibiotic resistance genes associated with beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone. There is no threat of transfer of these genes to host gut commensals because the genes are not plasmid encoded. The presence of genes for adhesion, biofilm, surface proteins, and stress-related proteins provides robustness to the strain. The presence of hemolysin gene in the genome revealed a theoretical risk of virulence. The results of in silico analysis complemented the in vitro studies and human clinical trials, confirming the safety of the probiotic strain. We propose that the safety assessment of probiotic strains administered live at high doses using a genome-wide screening could be an effective and time-saving tool for identifying prognostic biomarkers of biosafety.
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99
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Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Wadood A, Rahim F, Al Muqarrabin LMR, Zaki HM, Ahmat N, Nasir A, Khan F. Synthesis of novel disulfide and sulfone hybrid scaffolds as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:15-22. [PMID: 27414468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of disulfide and sulfone hybrid analogs (1-20) were synthesized and characterized through EI-MS and (1)H NMR and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. All synthesized analogs except 13 and 15 showed excellent β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranging in between 2.20-88.16μM as compared to standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (48.4±1.25μM). Analogs 19, 16, 4, 1, 17, 6, 10, 3, 18, 2, 11, 14 and 5 showed many fold potent activity against β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Structure activity relationship showed that substitution of electron withdrawing groups at ortho as well as para position on phenyl ring increase potency. Electron withdrawing groups at meta position on phenyl ring showed slightly low potency as compared to ortho and para position. The binding interactions were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Laode Muhammad Ramadhan Al Muqarrabin
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Mohd Zaki
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Norizan Ahmat
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Khan
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Chan AA, Bashir M, Rivas MN, Duvall K, Sieling PA, Pieber TR, Vaishampayan PA, Love SM, Lee DJ. Characterization of the microbiome of nipple aspirate fluid of breast cancer survivors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28061. [PMID: 27324944 PMCID: PMC4914981 DOI: 10.1038/srep28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome impacts human health and disease. Until recently, human breast tissue and milk were presumed to be sterile. Here, we investigated the presence of microbes in the nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and their potential association with breast cancer. We compared the NAF microbiome between women with a history of breast cancer (BC) and healthy control women (HC) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The NAF microbiome from BC and HC showed significant differences in community composition. Two Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) showed differences in relative abundances between NAF collected from BC and HC. In NAF collected from BC, there was relatively higher incidence of the genus Alistipes. By contrast, an unclassified genus from the Sphingomonadaceae family was relatively more abundant in NAF from HC. These findings reflect the ductal source DNA since there were no differences between areolar skin samples collected from BC and HC. Furthermore, the microbes associated with BC share an enzymatic activity, Beta-Glucuronidase, which may promote breast cancer. This is the first report of bacterial DNA in human breast ductal fluid and the differences between NAF from HC and BC. Further investigation of the ductal microbiome and its potential role in breast cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred A Chan
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Mina Bashir
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magali N Rivas
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Karen Duvall
- Breast Center at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Westwood, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation, Encino, CA, USA
| | - Peter A Sieling
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Parag A Vaishampayan
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Love
- Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation, Encino, CA, USA
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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