51
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Ahmadi Rastegar D, Dzamko N. Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 and Innate Immunity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:193. [PMID: 32210756 PMCID: PMC7077357 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, researchers have sought to uncover the biological function of the enigmatic leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) enzyme, a large multi-domain protein with dual GTPase and kinase activities. Originally identified as a familial Parkinson's disease (PD) risk gene, variations in LRRK2 are also associated with risk of idiopathic PD, inflammatory bowel disease and susceptibility to bacterial infections. LRRK2 is highly expressed in peripheral immune cells and the potential of LRRK2 to regulate immune and inflammatory pathways has emerged as common link across LRRK2-implicated diseases. This review outlines the current genetic and biochemical evidence linking LRRK2 to the regulation of innate immune inflammatory pathways, including the toll-like receptor and inflammasome pathways. Evidence suggests a complex interplay between genetic risk and protective alleles acts to modulate immune outcomes in a manner dependent on the particular pathogen and cell type invaded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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52
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Song S, Pan Y, Li H, Zhen H. MiR-1202 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on OGD/R Induced Inflammation in HM Cell by Negatively Regulating Rab1a Involved in TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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53
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Srdić M, Ovčina I, Fotschki B, Haros CM, Laparra Llopis JM. C. quinoa and S. hispanica L. Seeds Provide Immunonutritional Agonists to Selectively Polarize Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:E593. [PMID: 32131465 PMCID: PMC7140429 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related immunometabolic-based diseases are associated with chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues, and infiltrated macrophages have been suggested as mediators for tissue- damaging inflammation. Growing evidence implicates Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. as important contributors to immunonutritional health. However, the functional roles of the immunonutritional protease inhibitors (PPIs) found in these crops on the macrophages' metabolic and phenotypic adaptation remain to be elucidated. The salt soluble fraction of proteins was extracted and analyzed confirming the presence of 11S and 2S albumin. The <30 kDa fraction of the extract from both crops was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, where (RP-LC-MS/MS analyses) polypeptides from 2S-type of proteins were found, along with the 2S albumin (13 kDa) for S. hispanica in the bioaccessible fraction (BAF). Using human-like macrophage cells to deepen our understanding of the modulatory effects of this BAF, FACS analyses revealed their potential as TLR4 agonists, favoring increased phenotypic CD68/CD206 ratios. The results of mitochondrial stress tests showed that cells increased oxygen consumption rates and non-mitochondrial respiration, confirming negligible deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. At molecular-level, adaptation responses shed light on changes showing biological correlation with TLR4 signaling. The resulting immunometabolic effects triggered by PPIs can be a part of a tailored nutritional intervention strategy in immunometabolic-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Srdić
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivana Ovčina
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose Moises Laparra Llopis
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
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54
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Luo L, Lucas RM, Liu L, Stow JL. Signalling, sorting and scaffolding adaptors for Toll-like receptors. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:133/5/jcs239194. [PMID: 31889021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are danger-sensing receptors that typically propagate self-limiting inflammatory responses, but can unleash uncontrolled inflammation in non-homeostatic or disease settings. Activation of TLRs by pathogen- and/or host-derived stimuli triggers a range of signalling and transcriptional pathways to programme inflammatory and anti-microbial responses, including the production of a suite of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Multiple sorting and signalling adaptors are recruited to receptor complexes on the plasma membrane or endosomes where they act as scaffolds for downstream signalling kinases and effectors at these sites. So far, seven proximal TLR adaptors have been identified: MyD88, MAL, TRIF (also known as TICAM1), TRAM (TICAM2), SARM (SARM1), BCAP (PIK3AP1) and SCIMP. Most adaptors tether directly to TLRs through homotypic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain (TIR)-TIR interactions, whereas SCIMP binds to TLRs through an atypical TIR-non-TIR interaction. In this Review, we highlight the key roles for these adaptors in TLR signalling, scaffolding and receptor sorting and discuss how the adaptors thereby direct the differential outcomes of TLR-mediated responses. We further summarise TLR adaptor regulation and function, and make note of human diseases that might be associated with mutations in these adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard M Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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55
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Zou MZ, Liu WL, Gao F, Bai XF, Chen HS, Zeng X, Zhang XZ. Artificial Natural Killer Cells for Specific Tumor Inhibition and Renegade Macrophage Re-Education. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904495. [PMID: 31497903 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can not only recognize and eliminate abnormal cells but also recruit and re-educate immune cells to protect the host. However, the functions of NK cells are often limited in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, artificial NK cells (designated as aNK) with minor limitations of TME for specific tumor killing and renegade macrophage re-education are created. The red blood cell membrane (RBCM) cloaks perfluorohexane (PFC) and glucose oxidase (GOX) to construct the aNK. The aNK can directly kill tumor cells by exhausting glucose and generating hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). The generated H2 O2 is also similar to cytokines and chemokines for recruiting immune cells and re-educating survived macrophages to attack tumor cells. In addition, the oxygen-carried PFC can strengthen the catalytic reaction of GOX and normalize the hypoxic TME. In vitro and in vivo experiments display that aNK with slight TME limitations exhibit efficient tumor inhibition and immune activation. The aNK will provide a new sight to treat tumor as the supplement of aggressive NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Zou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Han-Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Beachboard DC, Park M, Vijayan M, Snider DL, Fernando DJ, Williams GD, Stanley S, McFadden MJ, Horner SM. The small GTPase RAB1B promotes antiviral innate immunity by interacting with TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14231-14240. [PMID: 31375559 PMCID: PMC6768648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune detection of viral nucleic acids during viral infection activates a signaling cascade that induces type I and type III IFNs as well as other cytokines, to generate an antiviral response. This signaling is initiated by pattern recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), that sense viral RNA. These sensors then interact with the adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), which recruits additional signaling proteins, including TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), to form a signaling complex that activates IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) for transcriptional induction of type I IFNs. Here, using several immunological and biochemical approaches in multiple human cell types, we show that the GTPase-trafficking protein RAB1B up-regulates RIG-I pathway signaling and thereby promotes IFN-β induction and the antiviral response. We observed that RAB1B overexpression increases RIG-I-mediated signaling to IFN-β and that RAB1B deletion reduces signaling of this pathway. Additionally, loss of RAB1B dampened the antiviral response, indicated by enhanced Zika virus infection of cells depleted of RAB1B. Importantly, we identified the mechanism of RAB1B action in the antiviral response, finding that it forms a protein complex with TRAF3 to facilitate the interaction of TRAF3 with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. We conclude that RAB1B regulates TRAF3 and promotes the formation of innate immune signaling complexes in response to nucleic acid sensing during RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia C Beachboard
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Moonhee Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Madhuvanthi Vijayan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Daltry L Snider
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Dillon J Fernando
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Graham D Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Sydney Stanley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Michael J McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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57
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Del Olmo T, Lacarrière-Keïta C, Normandin C, Jean D, Boisvert FM, Jean S. RAB21 interacts with TMED10 and modulates its localization and abundance. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.045336. [PMID: 31455601 PMCID: PMC6777364 DOI: 10.1242/bio.045336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking controls vesicular transport of cargo between cellular compartments. Vesicular trafficking is essential for cellular homeostasis and dysfunctional trafficking is linked to several pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Following endocytosis, early endosomes act as sorting stations of internalized materials, routing cargo toward various fates. One important class of membrane trafficking regulators are RAB GTPases. RAB21 has been associated with multiple functions and regulates integrin internalization, endosomal sorting of specific clathrin-independent cargo and autophagy. Although RAB21 is mostly associated with early endosomes, it has been shown to mediate a specific sorting event at the Golgi. From mass spectrometry data, we identified a GTP-favored interaction between RAB21 and TMED10 and 9, essential regulators of COPI and COPII vesicles. Using RAB21 knockout cells, we describe the role of RAB21 in modulating TMED10 Golgi localization. Taken together, our study suggests a new potential function of RAB21 in modulating TMED10 trafficking, with relevance to neurodegenerative disorders. Summary: A small early endosomal RAB GTPase is found to interact with p24 family members, with potential impacts on p24 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Del Olmo
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
| | - Camille Lacarrière-Keïta
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
| | - Caroline Normandin
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
| | - Dominique Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
| | - Steve Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1E 4K8
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58
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The metabolic regulator Lamtor5 suppresses inflammatory signaling via regulating mTOR-mediated TLR4 degradation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1063-1076. [PMID: 31467416 PMCID: PMC7608472 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive immune responses are essential for eliminating pathogens but must be tightly controlled to avoid sustained immune activation and potential tissue damage. The engagement of TLR4, a canonical pattern recognition receptor, has been proposed to trigger inflammatory responses with different magnitudes and durations depending on TLR4 cellular compartmentalization. In the present study, we identify an unexpected role of Lamtor5, a newly identified component of the amino acid-sensing machinery, in modulating TLR4 signaling and controlling inflammation. Specifically, Lamtor5 associated with TLR4 via their LZ/TIR domains and facilitated their colocalization at autolysosomes, preventing lysosomal tethering and the activation of mTORC1 upon LPS stimulation and thereby derepressing TFEB to promote autophagic degradation of TLR4. The loss of Lamtor5 was unable to trigger the TFEB-driven autolysosomal pathway and delay degradation of TLR4, leading to sustained inflammation and hence increased mortality among Lamtor5 haploinsufficient mice during endotoxic shock. Intriguingly, nutrient deprivation, particularly leucine deprivation, blunted inflammatory signaling and conferred protection to endotoxic mice. This effect, however, was largely abrogated upon Lamtor5 deletion. We thus propose a homeostatic function of Lamtor5 that couples pathogenic insults and nutrient availability to optimize the inflammatory response; this function may have implications for TLR4-associated inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
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59
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Yan T, Wang L, Gao J, Siedlak SL, Huntley ML, Termsarasab P, Perry G, Chen SG, Wang X. Rab10 Phosphorylation is a Prominent Pathological Feature in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:157-165. [PMID: 29562525 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), senile plaques (SPs), and a progressive loss of neuronal cells in selective brain regions. Rab10, a small Rab GTPase involved in vesicular trafficking, has recently been identified as a novel protein associated with AD. Interestingly, Rab10 is a key substrate of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a serine/threonine protein kinase genetically associated with the second most common neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease. However, the phosphorylation state of Rab10 has not yet been investigated in AD. Here, using a specific antibody recognizing LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation at the amino acid residue threonine 73 (pRab10-T73), we performed immunocytochemical analysis of pRab10-T73 in hippocampal tissues of patients with AD. pRab10-T73 was prominent in NFTs in neurons within the hippocampus in all cases of AD examined, whereas immunoreactivity was very faint in control cases. Other characteristic AD pathological structures including granulovacuolar degeneration, dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads also contained pRab10-T73. The pRab10-T73 immunoreactivity was diminished greatly following dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase. pRab10-T73 was further found to be highly co-localized with hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) in AD, and demonstrated similar pathological patterns as pTau in Down syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy. Although pRab10-T73 immunoreactivity could be noted in dystrophic neurites surrounding SPs, SPs were largely negative for pRab10-T73. These findings indicate that Rab10 phosphorylation could be responsible for aberrations in the vesicle trafficking observed in AD leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandra L Siedlak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mikayla L Huntley
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pichet Termsarasab
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shu G Chen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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60
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Xu WJ, Wang XX, Jin JJ, Zou Q, Wu L, Lv TF, Wan B, Zhan P, Zhu SH, Liu HB, Zhao NW, Li CJ, Song Y. Inhibition of GGPPS1 attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury and was associated with NLRP3 inflammasome suppression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L567-L577. [PMID: 30652497 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00190.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway using statins has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we investigated whether partial inhibition of this pathway by targeting geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase large subunit 1 (GGPPS1), a catalase downstream of the mevalonate pathway, was effective at treating lung inflammation in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intratracheally instilled to induce ALI in lung-specific GGPPS1-knockout and wild-type mice. Expression of GGPPS1 in lung tissues and alveolar epithelial cells was examined. The severity of lung injury and inflammation was determined in lung-specific GGPPS1 knockout and wild-type mice by measuring alveolar exudate, neutrophil infiltration, lung injury, and cell death. Change in global gene expression in response to GGPPS1 depletion was measured using mRNA microarray and verified in vivo and in vitro. We found that GGPPS1 levels increased significantly in lung tissues and alveolar epithelial cells in LPS-induced ALI mice. Compared with wild-type and simvastatin treated mice, the specific deletion of pulmonary GGPPS1 attenuated the severity of lung injury by inhibiting apoptosis of AECs. Furthermore, deletion of GGPPS1 inhibited LPS-induced inflammasome activation, in terms of IL-1β release and pyroptosis, by downregulating NLRP3 expression. Finally, downregulation of GGPPS1 reduced the membrane expression of Ras-related protein Rab10 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibited the phosphonation of IκB. This effect might be attributed to the downregulation of GGPP levels. Our results suggested that inhibition of pulmonary GGPPS1 attenuated LPS-induced ALI predominantly by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome through Rab10-mediated TLR4 replenishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-xia Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-jia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tang-feng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-hua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-wei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and the Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Kinoshita D, Sakurai C, Morita M, Tsunematsu M, Hori N, Hatsuzawa K. Syntaxin 11 regulates the stimulus-dependent transport of Toll-like receptor 4 to the plasma membrane by cooperating with SNAP-23 in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1085-1097. [PMID: 30811271 PMCID: PMC6724512 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin 11 (stx11) is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) that is selectively expressed in immune cells; however, its precise role in macrophages is unclear. We showed that stx11 knockdown reduces the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in interferon-γ–activated macrophages. stx11 knockdown decreased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) localization on the plasma membrane without affecting total expression. Plasma membrane–localized TLR4 was primarily endocytosed within 1 h by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and gradually relocalized 4 h after removal of LPS. This relocalization was significantly impaired by stx11 knockdown. The lack of TLR4 transport to the plasma membrane is presumably related to TLR4 degradation in acidic endosomal organelles. Additionally, an immunoprecipitation experiment suggested that stx11 interacts with SNAP-23, a plasma membrane–localized SNARE protein, whose depletion also inhibits TLR4 replenishment in LPS-stimulated cells. Using an intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe for SNAP-23, we showed that the high FRET efficiency caused by LPS stimulation is reduced by stx11 knockdown. These findings suggest that stx11 regulates the stimulus-dependent transport of TLR4 to the plasma membrane by cooperating with SNAP-23 in macrophages. Our results clarify the regulatory mechanisms underlying intracellular transport of TLR4 and have implications for microbial pathogenesis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Maya Morita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsunematsu
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hori
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Monteiro LF, Forti FL. Network analysis of DUSP12 partners in the nucleus under genotoxic stress. J Proteomics 2019; 197:42-52. [PMID: 30779967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dual Specificity Phosphatase 12 is a member of the Atypical DUSP Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase family, meaning that it does not contain typical MAP kinase targeting motifs, while being able to dephosphorylate tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. DUSP12 contains, apart from its catalytic domain, a zinc finger domain, making it one of the largest DUSPs, which displays strong nuclear expression in several tissues. In this work we identified nuclear targets of DUSP12 in two different cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7), challenging them with genotoxic stimuli to observe the effect on the networks and to link existing information about DUSP12 functions to the data obtained though mass spectrometry. We found network connections to the cytoskeleton (e.g. IQGAP1), to the chromatin (e.g. HP1BP3), to the splicing machinery and to the previously known pathway of ribosome maturation (e.g. TCOF1), which draw insight into many of the functions of this phosphatase, much likely connecting it to distinct, previously unknown genomic stability mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Falcão Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luís Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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63
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Yao X, Dong G, Zhu Y, Yan F, Zhang H, Ma Q, Fu X, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Shi H, Ning Z, Dai J, Li Z, Li C, Wang B, Ming J, Yang Y, Hong F, Meng X, Xiong H, Si C. Leukadherin-1-Mediated Activation of CD11b Inhibits LPS-Induced Pro-inflammatory Response in Macrophages and Protects Mice Against Endotoxic Shock by Blocking LPS-TLR4 Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:215. [PMID: 30809230 PMCID: PMC6379471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macrophage has been demonstrated to contribute to aberrant immune responses and inflammatory diseases. CD11b, expressed on macrophages, plays a critical role in regulating pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and cell survival. In the present study, we explored the effect of leukadherin-1 (LA1), an agonist of CD11b, on regulating LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages and endotoxic shock. Intriguingly, we found that LA1 could significantly reduce mortalities of mice and alleviated pathological injury of liver and lung in endotoxic shock. In vivo studies showed that LA1-induced activation of CD11b significantly inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages of mice. Moreover, LA1-induced activation of CD11b significantly inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages by inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro. Furthermore, the mice injected with LA1-treated BMDMs showed fewer pathological lesions than those injected with vehicle-treated BMDMs in endotoxic shock. In addition, we found that activation of TLR4 by LPS could endocytose CD11b and activation of CD11b by LA1 could endocytose TLR4 in vitro and in vivo, subsequently blocking the binding of LPS with TLR4. Based on these findings, we concluded that LA1-induced activation of CD11b negatively regulates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages and subsequently protects mice from endotoxin shock by partially blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction. Our study provides a new insight into the role of CD11b in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xingqin Fu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - QingQing Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiankuo Ming
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Immunology Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
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64
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Yao X, Dong G, Zhu Y, Yan F, Zhang H, Ma Q, Fu X, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Shi H, Ning Z, Dai J, Li Z, Li C, Wang B, Ming J, Yang Y, Hong F, Meng X, Xiong H, Si C. Leukadherin-1-Mediated Activation of CD11b Inhibits LPS-Induced Pro-inflammatory Response in Macrophages and Protects Mice Against Endotoxic Shock by Blocking LPS-TLR4 Interaction. Front Immunol 2019. [PMID: 30809230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macrophage has been demonstrated to contribute to aberrant immune responses and inflammatory diseases. CD11b, expressed on macrophages, plays a critical role in regulating pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and cell survival. In the present study, we explored the effect of leukadherin-1 (LA1), an agonist of CD11b, on regulating LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages and endotoxic shock. Intriguingly, we found that LA1 could significantly reduce mortalities of mice and alleviated pathological injury of liver and lung in endotoxic shock. In vivo studies showed that LA1-induced activation of CD11b significantly inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages of mice. Moreover, LA1-induced activation of CD11b significantly inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages by inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro. Furthermore, the mice injected with LA1-treated BMDMs showed fewer pathological lesions than those injected with vehicle-treated BMDMs in endotoxic shock. In addition, we found that activation of TLR4 by LPS could endocytose CD11b and activation of CD11b by LA1 could endocytose TLR4 in vitro and in vivo, subsequently blocking the binding of LPS with TLR4. Based on these findings, we concluded that LA1-induced activation of CD11b negatively regulates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in macrophages and subsequently protects mice from endotoxin shock by partially blocking LPS-TLR4 interaction. Our study provides a new insight into the role of CD11b in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xingqin Fu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - QingQing Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiankuo Ming
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Immunology Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
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65
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting station in the cell. It receives newly synthesized molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and directs them to different subcellular destinations, such as the plasma membrane or the endocytic pathway. Importantly, in the last few years, it has emerged that the maintenance of Golgi structure is connected to the proper regulation of membrane trafficking. Rab proteins are small GTPases that are considered to be the master regulators of the intracellular membrane trafficking. Several of the over 60 human Rabs are involved in the regulation of transport pathways at the Golgi as well as in the maintenance of its architecture. This chapter will summarize the different roles of Rab GTPases at the Golgi, both as regulators of membrane transport, scaffold, and tethering proteins and in preserving the structure and function of this organelle.
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66
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Deng G, Sun Z, Li S, Peng X, Li W, Zhou L, Ma Y, Gong P, Cai L. Cell-Membrane Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for the Effective Inhibition of Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12096-12108. [PMID: 30444351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective immunotherapies with low toxicity and high tumor specificity is the ultimate goal in the battle against cancer. Here, we reported a cell-membrane immunotherapy strategy that was able to eliminate primary tumors and inhibited distant tumors by using natural killer (NK) cell membrane cloaked photosensitizer 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP)-loaded nanoparticles (NK-NPs). The proteomic profiling of NK cell membranes was performed through shotgun proteomics, and we found that NK cell membranes enabled the NK-NPs to target tumors and could induce or enhance pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages polarization to produce antitumor immunity. The TCPP loaded in NK-NPs could induce cancer cell death through photodynamic therapy and consequently enhanced the antitumor immunity efficiency of the NK cell membranes. The results confirmed that NK-NPs selectively accumulated in the tumor and were able to eliminate primary tumor growth and produce an abscopal effect to inhibit distant tumors. This cell-membrane immunotherapeutic approach offers a strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Sanpeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinghua Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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67
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Lv Y, Jiang C, Wu G, Dull RO, Minshall RD, Malik AB, Hu G. The GTPase Rab1 Is Required for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Inflammatory Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:194-206. [PMID: 30455398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammatory response during sepsis predominantly contributes to the development of multiorgan failure and lethality. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms for excessive production and release of proinflammatory cytokines are not clearly defined. In this study, we show the crucial role of the GTPase Ras-related protein in brain (Rab)1a in regulating the nucleotide binding domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and lung inflammatory injury. Expression of dominant negative Rab1 N124I plasmid in bone marrow-derived macrophages prevented the release of IL-1β and IL-18, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, production of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, and attenuated TLR4 surface expression and NF-кB activation induced by bacterial LPS and ATP compared with control cells. In alveolar macrophage-depleted mice challenged with cecal ligation and puncture, pulmonary transplantation of Rab1a-inactivated macrophages by expression of Rab1 N124I plasmid dramatically reduced the release of IL-1β and IL-18, neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inflammatory lung injury. Rab1a activity was elevated in alveolar macrophages from septic patients and positively associated with severity of sepsis and respiratory dysfunction. Thus, inhibition of Rab1a activity in macrophages resulting in the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be a promising target for the treatment of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Chunling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Randal O Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
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68
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Zhang Z, Qin P, Deng Y, Ma Z, Guo H, Guo H, Hou Y, Wang S, Zou W, Sun Y, Ma Y, Hou W. The novel estrogenic receptor GPR30 alleviates ischemic injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated microglial inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:206. [PMID: 30001721 PMCID: PMC6043971 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The steroid hormone estrogen (17-β-estradiol, E2) provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury by activating estrogen receptors. The novel estrogen receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is highly expressed in the brain and provides acute neuroprotection against stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In this study, ovariectomized female mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and E2, G1, and ICI182780 were administered immediately upon reperfusion. The infarction volume, neurological scores, and neuronal injuries were examined. Primary microglial cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and the drugs were administered immediately upon reintroduction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in penumbra and microglia were assessed by ELISA. The cell viability and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) release of neurons co-cultured with microglia were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and LDH release assays. Microglial activation as well as GPR30, Iba1, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression and TLR4 mRNA expression were detected. Additionally, NF-κB activity was detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia after the activation of GPR30. Results GPR30 was highly expressed in microglia and significantly increased after ischemic injury. The activation of GPR30 significantly reduced the infarction volume, improved the neurological deficit, and alleviated neuronal injuries. Moreover, GPR30 activation significantly reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 from ischemic penumbra and microglia subjected to OGD and alleviated neuronal injury as assessed using the CCK8 and LDH assays. Finally, the activation of GPR30 relieved microglial activation, reduced Iba1 and TLR4 protein expression and TLR4 mRNA levels, and inhibited NF-κB activity. Conclusions Microglial GPR30 exerts acute neuroprotective effects by inhibiting TLR4-mediated microglial inflammation, which indicates that GPR30 may be a potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1246-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Youliang Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hang Guo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yushu Hou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yanyuan Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Anaesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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69
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Fluorescent Labeling of Polysaccharides from Masson Pine Pollen and Its Effect on RAW264.7 Macrophages. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040372. [PMID: 30966407 PMCID: PMC6415049 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the immediate effect of polysaccharides and macrophages, polysaccharides from masson pine pollen (PPM60) were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by using a chemical-derived method, and the reactant was named PPM60-Tyr-FITC. Direct interaction of PPM60-Tyr-FITC and RAW264.7 macrophages could be detected by flow cytometer (FCM), and this interaction could be inhibited by Pitstop 2 (clathrin inhibitor) and TAK-242 (Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor). The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) also revealed that there was a co-localization phenomenon between PPM60-Tyr-FITC and RAW264.7 macrophage receptors, and it could be suppressed by Pitstop 2 and TAK-242. It was confirmed that PPM60 enters into RAW264.7 macrophages mainly through endocytosis, rather than the phagocytosis, and TLR4 played a mediating role.
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70
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Chua CEL, Tang BL. Rab 10-a traffic controller in multiple cellular pathways and locations. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6483-6494. [PMID: 29377137 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are key regulators of eukaryotic membrane traffic, and their functions and activities are limited to particular intracellular transport steps and their membrane localization is by and large restricted. Some Rabs do participate in more than one transport steps, but broadly speaking, there is a clear demarcation between exocytic and endocytic Rabs. One Rab protein, Rab10, however, appears to be anomalous in this regard and has a diverse array of functions and subcellular localizations. Rab10 has been implicated in a myriad of activities ranging from polarized exocytosis and endosomal sorting in polarized cells, insulin-dependent Glut4 transport in adipocytes, axonal growth in neurons, and endo-phagocytic processes in macrophages. It's reported subcellular localizations include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi/TGN, the endosomes/phagosomes and the primary cilia. In this review, we summarize and discuss the multitude of known roles of Rab10 in cellular membrane transport and the molecular players and mechanisms associated with these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle En Lin Chua
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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71
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Mathematical Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Intracellular Signaling Pathway: Application to LPS-induced NFκB Activation and TNFα Production in Macrophages. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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72
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Chen C, Eldein S, Zhou X, Sun Y, Gao J, Sun Y, Liu C, Wang L. Immune function of a Rab-related protein by modulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 97:e21434. [PMID: 29193252 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Rab-family GTPases mainly regulate intracellular vesicle transport, and play important roles in the innate immune response in invertebrates. However, the function and signal transduction of Rab proteins in immune reactions remain unclear in silkworms. In this study, we analyzed a Rab-related protein of silkworm Bombyx mori (BmRABRP) by raising antibodies against its bacterially expressed recombinant form. Tissue distribution analysis showed that BmRABRP mRNA and protein were high expressed in the Malpighian tubule and fat body, respectively. However, among the different stages, only the fourth instar larvae and pupae showed significant BmRABRP levels. After challenge with four pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, BmNPV, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus), the expression of BmRABRP mRNA in the fat body was significantly upregulated. In contrast, the BmRABRP protein was significantly upregulated after infection with BmNPV, while it was downregulated by E. coli, B. bassiana, and M. luteus. A specific dsRNA was used to explore the immune function and relationship between BmRABRP and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. After BmRABRP gene interference, significant reduction in the number of nodules and increased mortality suggested that BmRABRP plays an important role in silkworm's response to bacterial challenge. In addition, four key genes (BmHOP, BmSTAT, BmSOCS2, and BmSOCS6) of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway showed significantly altered expressions after BmRABRP silencing. BmHOP and BmSOCS6 expressions were significantly decreased, while BmSTAT and BmSOCS2 were significantly upregulated. Our results suggested that BmRABRP is involved in the innate immune response against pathogenic microorganisms through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Salah Eldein
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaosan Zhou
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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73
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Romano JD, Nolan SJ, Porter C, Ehrenman K, Hartman EJ, Hsia RC, Coppens I. The parasite Toxoplasma sequesters diverse Rab host vesicles within an intravacuolar network. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4235-4254. [PMID: 29070609 PMCID: PMC5716271 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular pathogens subvert host membrane trafficking pathways to promote their replication. Toxoplasma multiplies in a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that interacts with mammalian host organelles and intercepts Golgi Rab vesicles to acquire sphingolipids. The mechanisms of host vesicle internalization and processing within the PV remain undefined. We demonstrate that Toxoplasma sequesters a broad range of Rab vesicles into the PV. Correlative light and electron microscopy analysis of infected cells illustrates that intravacuolar Rab1A vesicles are surrounded by the PV membrane, suggesting a phagocytic-like process for vesicle engulfment. Rab11A vesicles concentrate to an intravacuolar network (IVN), but this is reduced in Δgra2 and Δgra2Δgra6 parasites, suggesting that tubules stabilized by the TgGRA2 and TgGRA6 proteins secreted by the parasite within the PV contribute to host vesicle sequestration. Overexpression of a phospholipase TgLCAT, which is localized to the IVN, results in a decrease in the number of intravacuolar GFP-Rab11A vesicles, suggesting that TgLCAT controls lipolytic degradation of Rab vesicles for cargo release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D. Romano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Julia D. Romano:
| | - Sabrina J. Nolan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Corey Porter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karen Ehrenman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric J. Hartman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ru-ching Hsia
- Electron Microscopy Core Imaging Facility, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Correspondence to Isabelle Coppens: ;
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74
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Prashar A, Schnettger L, Bernard EM, Gutierrez MG. Rab GTPases in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:435. [PMID: 29034219 PMCID: PMC5627064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict spatiotemporal control of trafficking events between organelles is critical for maintaining homeostasis and directing cellular responses. This regulation is particularly important in immune cells for mounting specialized immune defenses. By controlling the formation, transport and fusion of intracellular organelles, Rab GTPases serve as master regulators of membrane trafficking. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Rab GTPases regulate immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maximiliano G. Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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75
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Selective LRRK2 kinase inhibition reduces phosphorylation of endogenous Rab10 and Rab12 in human peripheral mononuclear blood cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10300. [PMID: 28860483 PMCID: PMC5578959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is associated with risk of familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). To support clinical development of LRRK2 inhibitors as disease-modifying treatment in PD biomarkers for kinase activity, target engagement and kinase inhibition are prerequisite tools. In a combined proteomics and phosphoproteomics study on human peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) treated with the LRRK2 inhibitor Lu AF58786 a number of putative biomarkers were identified. Among the phospho-site hits were known LRRK2 sites as well as two phospho-sites on human Rab10 and Rab12. LRRK2 dependent phosphorylation of human Rab10 and human Rab12 at positions Thr73 and Ser106, respectively, was confirmed in HEK293 and, more importantly, Rab10-pThr73 inhibition was validated in immune stimulated human PBMCs using two distinct LRRK2 inhibitors. In addition, in non-stimulated human PBMCs acute inhibition of LRRK2 with two distinct LRRK2 inhibitor compounds reduced Rab10-Thr73 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner with apparent IC50’s equivalent to IC50’s on LRRK2-pSer935. The identification of Rab10 phosphorylated at Thr73 as a LRRK2 inhibition marker in human PBMCs strongly support inclusion of assays quantifying Rab10-pThr73 levels in upcoming clinical trials evaluating LRRK2 kinase inhibition as a disease-modifying treatment principle in PD.
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76
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Han F, Song Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z. Molecular characterization and immune responses of Rab5 in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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77
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Li H, He B, Liu X, Li J, Liu Q, Dong W, Xu Z, Qian G, Zuo H, Hu C, Qian H, Mao C, Wang G. Regulation on Toll-like Receptor 4 and Cell Barrier Function by Rab26 siRNA-loaded DNA Nanovector in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2537-2554. [PMID: 28744333 PMCID: PMC5525755 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab26 is involved in multiple processes, such as vesicle-mediated secretion and autophagy. However, the mechanisms and functions of Rab26 in the human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) are not clear. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the role and novel mechanism of Rab26 in permeability and apoptosis of HPMVECs using a self-assembled Rab26 siRNA loaded DNA Y-motif nanoparticle (siRab26-DYM) and Rab26 adenovirus. We found that siRab26-DYM could be efficiently transfected into HPMVECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the siRab26-DYM nanovector markedly aggravated the LPS-induced apoptosis and hyper-permeability of HPMVECs by promoting the nuclear translocation of Foxo1, and subsequent activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway. Overexpression of Rab26 by Rab26 adenoviruses partially inactivated LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway, suppressed the cell apoptosis and attenuated the hyperpermeability of HPMVECs. These results suggest that the permeability and apoptosis of HPMVECs can be modulated by manipulating Rab26 derived TLR4 signaling pathway, and that Rab26 can be potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular diseases related to endothelial barrier functions.
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78
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Bonjoch L, Casas V, Carrascal M, Closa D. Involvement of exosomes in lung inflammation associated with experimental acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 2017; 240:235-45. [PMID: 27447723 DOI: 10.1002/path.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A frequent complication of acute pancreatitis is the lung damage associated with the systemic inflammatory response. Although various pro-inflammatory mediators generated at both local and systemic levels have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are still poorly understood. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as a new intercellular communication system able to transfer encapsulated proteins and small RNAs and protect them from degradation. Using an experimental model of taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats, we aimed to evaluate the role of exosomes in the extent of the systemic inflammatory response. Induction of pancreatitis increased the concentration of circulating exosomes, which showed a different proteomic profile to those obtained from control animals. A series of tracking experiments using PKH26-stained exosomes revealed that circulating exosomes effectively reached the alveolar compartment and were internalized by macrophages. In vitro experiments revealed that exosomes obtained under inflammatory conditions activate and polarize these alveolar macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, the proteomic analysis of circulating exosomes during acute pancreatitis suggested a multi-organ origin with a relevant role for the liver as a source of these vesicles. Tracking experiments also revealed that the liver retains the majority of exosomes from the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that exosomes are involved in the lung damage associated with experimental acute pancreatitis and could be relevant mediators in the systemic effects of pancreatitis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Casas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB) Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB) Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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79
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Tan Y, Kagan JC. Microbe-inducible trafficking pathways that control Toll-like receptor signaling. Traffic 2017; 18:6-17. [PMID: 27731905 PMCID: PMC5182131 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The receptors of the mammalian innate immune system are designed for rapid microbial detection, and are located in organelles that are conducive to serve these needs. However, emerging evidence indicates that the sites of microbial detection are not the sites of innate immune signal transduction. Rather, microbial detection triggers the movement of receptors to regions of the cell where factors called sorting adaptors detect active receptors and promote downstream inflammatory responses. These findings highlight the critical role that membrane trafficking pathways play in the initiation of innate immunity to infection. In this review, we describe pathways that promote the microbe-inducible endocytosis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the microbe-inducible movement of TLRs between intracellular compartments. We highlight a new class of proteins called Transporters Associated with the eXecution of Inflammation (TAXI), which have the unique ability to transport TLRs and their microbial ligands to signaling-competent regions of the cell, and we discuss the means by which the subcellular sites of signal transduction are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Tan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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80
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Józefowski S, Śróttek M. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis negatively regulates responsiveness of J774 macrophage-like cells to LPS by down regulating the cell surface expression of LPS receptors. Cell Immunol 2016; 312:42-50. [PMID: 27908440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acting through CD14 and TLR4/MD-2, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers strong pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, which, if not appropriately controlled, may lead to lethal septic shock. Therefore, numerous mechanisms of negative regulation of responses to LPS exist, but whether they include down-regulation of LPS receptors is not clear. We have found that in J774 cells, the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway enables activation of TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling within endosomes, but is not associated with the down-regulation of TLR4 or CD14 surface expression. In contrast, lipid raft-dependent endocytosis negatively regulates the basal cell surface expression of LPS receptors and, consequently, responsiveness to LPS. Together with observations that treatments, known to selectively disrupt lipid rafts, do not inhibit LPS-stimulated cytokine production, our results suggest that lipid rafts may serve as sites in which LPS receptors are sorted for endocytosis, rather than being platforms for the assembly of TLR4-centered signaling complexes, as suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan Józefowski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Śróttek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
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81
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Atashrazm F, Dzamko N. LRRK2 inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: current perspectives. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 8:177-189. [PMID: 27799832 PMCID: PMC5076802 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in understanding how genetics underlies Parkinson's disease (PD) have provided new opportunities for understanding disease pathogenesis and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention. One such target is leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), an enigmatic enzyme implicated in both familial and idiopathic PD risk. Both academia and industry have promoted the development of potent and selective inhibitors of LRRK2, and these are currently being employed to assess the safety and efficacy of such compounds in preclinical models of PD. This review examines the evidence that LRRK2 kinase activity contributes to the pathogenesis of PD and outlines recent progress on inhibitor development and early results from preclinical safety and efficacy testing. This review also looks at some of the challenges remaining for translation of LRRK2 inhibitors to the clinic, if indeed this is ultimately warranted. As a disease with no current cure that is increasing in prevalence in line with an aging population, there is much need for developing new treatments for PD, and targeting LRRK2 is currently a promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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82
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Hung WS, Ling P, Cheng JC, Chang SS, Tseng CP. Disabled-2 is a negative immune regulator of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Toll-like receptor 4 internalization and signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35343. [PMID: 27748405 PMCID: PMC5066213 DOI: 10.1038/srep35343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role in the host response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we elucidated whether the endocytic adaptor protein Disabled-2 (Dab2), which is abundantly expressed in macrophages, plays a role in LPS-stimulated TLR4 signaling and trafficking. Molecular analysis and transcriptome profiling of RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells expressing short-hairpin RNA of Dab2 revealed that Dab2 regulated the TLR4/TRIF pathway upon LPS stimulation. Knockdown of Dab2 augmented TRIF-dependent interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and the expression of subsets of inflammatory cytokines and interferon-inducible genes. Dab2 acted as a clathrin sponge and sequestered clathrin from TLR4 in the resting stage of macrophages. Upon LPS stimulation, clathrin was released from Dab2 to facilitate endocytosis of TLR4 for triggering the TRIF-mediated pathway. Dab2 functions as a negative immune regulator of TLR4 endocytosis and signaling, supporting a novel role for a Dab2-associated regulatory circuit in controlling the inflammatory response of macrophages to endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin Ling
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Chien Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shy-Shin Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
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83
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da Silva SD, Marchi FA, Xu B, Bijian K, Alobaid F, Mlynarek A, Rogatto SR, Hier M, Kowalski LP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Predominant Rab-GTPase amplicons contributing to oral squamous cell carcinoma progression to metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21950-63. [PMID: 26110570 PMCID: PMC4673138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is frequently associated with recurrent gene abnormalities at specific chromosomal loci. Here, we utilized array comparative genomic hybridization and genome-wide screening of metastatic and non-metastatic tongue tumors to investigate genes potentially contributing to OSCC progression to metastasis. We identified predominant amplifications of chromosomal regions that encompass the RAB5, RAB7 and RAB11 genes (3p24-p22, 3q21.3 and 8p11-12, respectively) in metastatic OSCC. The expression of these Rab GTPases was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in OSCC tissues from a cohort of patients with a follow-up of 10 years. A significant overexpression of Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 was observed in advanced OSCC cases and co-overexpression of these Rabs was predictive of poor survival (log-rank test, P = 0.006). We generated a Rab interaction network and identified central Rab interactions of relevance to metastasis signaling, including focal adhesion proteins. In preclinical models, mRNA and protein expression levels of these Rab members were elevated in a panel of invasive OSCC cell lines, and their down-regulation prevented cell invasion at least in part via inhibition of focal adhesion disassembly. In summary, our results provide insights into the cooperative role of Rab gene amplifications in OSCC progression and support their potential utility as prognostic markers and therapeutic approach for advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), Brazil
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, and International Research Center (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil.,Inter-Institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bin Xu
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Faisal Alobaid
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, and International Research Center (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), Brazil
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
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84
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Han F, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Liu L, Tsai HJ, Wang Z. The Rab5A gene of marine fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), and its response to the infection of Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:364-373. [PMID: 27108380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPases, members of the Ras superfamily, encode monomeric G-proteins. Rab proteins regulate key steps in membrane traffic transport and endocytic pathway of host immune responses. Rab5A is involved in immune regulation, particularly in T cell migration and macrophage endocytosis in higher vertebrates. However, little is known of the molecular structure of Rab5A gene in marine teleost fish species and its expression profile during the parasite infection. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence and genomic structure of Rab5A gene of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (LycRab5A), one of the most economical marine fishes, were identified and characterized. The LycRab5A protein, containing the ATPase/GTPase binding motifs and the effector molecules binding motifs, was highly homologous to that of other animals. The expression plasmid containing LycRab5A cDNA fused with GST was engineered and transformed into Escherichia coli to produce recombinant protein GST-LycRab5A, which was purified to prepare a polyclonal antibody specifically against LycRab5A. Subcellular localization revealed that LycRab5A expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm. Based on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that both mRNA and protein of LycRab5A were expressed in all tissues we examined; especially it was highly expressed in blood and gill. Interestingly, both mRNA and protein of LycRab5A were substantially up-regulated when parasitic ciliate protozoan (Cryptocaryon irritans) was infected. The expression of LycRab5A was reached to the maximal level at 24 h after infection. The line of evidence suggested that LycRab5A might play an important role in large yellow croaker defense against parasite infection. Moreover, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that the LycRab5A interacted with myosin light chain (designated as LycMLC), a crucial protein in the process of phagocytosis. This discovery might contribute better understanding to the molecular events involved in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Lanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Huai Jen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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85
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Vazirani RP, Verma A, Sadacca LA, Buckman MS, Picatoste B, Beg M, Torsitano C, Bruno JH, Patel RT, Simonyte K, Camporez JP, Moreira G, Falcone DJ, Accili D, Elemento O, Shulman GI, Kahn BB, McGraw TE. Disruption of Adipose Rab10-Dependent Insulin Signaling Causes Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:1577-89. [PMID: 27207531 PMCID: PMC4878419 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin controls glucose uptake into adipose and muscle cells by regulating the amount of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane. The effect of insulin is to promote the translocation of intracellular GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. The small Rab GTPase, Rab10, is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here we demonstrate that both insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane are reduced by about half in adipocytes from adipose-specific Rab10 knockout (KO) mice. These data demonstrate that the full effect of insulin on adipose glucose uptake is the integrated effect of Rab10-dependent and Rab10-independent pathways, establishing a divergence in insulin signal transduction to the regulation of GLUT4 trafficking. In adipose-specific Rab10 KO female mice, the partial inhibition of stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes induces insulin resistance independent of diet challenge. During euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, there is no suppression of hepatic glucose production despite normal insulin suppression of plasma free fatty acids. The impact of incomplete disruption of stimulated adipocyte GLUT4 translocation on whole-body glucose homeostasis is driven by a near complete failure of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production rather than a significant inhibition in muscle glucose uptake. These data underscore the physiological significance of the precise control of insulin-regulated trafficking in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema P Vazirani
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - L Amanda Sadacca
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Melanie S Buckman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Belen Picatoste
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Joanne H Bruno
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Rajesh T Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kotryna Simonyte
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joao P Camporez
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Gabriela Moreira
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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86
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Cao X. Self-regulation and cross-regulation of pattern-recognition receptor signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 16:35-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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87
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Zhao X, Shen Y, Hu W, Chen J, Wu T, Sun X, Yu J, Wu T, Chen W. DCIR negatively regulates CpG-ODN-induced IL-1β and IL-6 production. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:641-7. [PMID: 26514427 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLR) are a diverse family of proteins mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). As antigen-uptake and signaling receptors, CLR modulate immune responses of APC. The dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a member of CLR and has an immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in cytoplasmic tail, which is believed to play a negative role in cellular responses after antigen exposure. In addition to pathogen recognition, DCIR has been shown to be pivotal in preventing autoimmune disease by controlling dendritic cell proliferation. However, much less is known about the role of DCIR in innate immunity and its crosstalk with the Toll like receptors (TLR) pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG-ODN stimulation can promote DCIR expression in macrophages and DCIR triggering inhibits the production of CpG-ODN-induced proinflammatory cytokines. We further confirm that siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCIR expression enhances CpG-ODN-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in macrophages. Collectively, these results indicate that DCIR is a negatively regulator in TLR9-mediated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaping Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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88
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Basolateral Endocytic Recycling Requires RAB-10 and AMPH-1 Mediated Recruitment of RAB-5 GAP TBC-2 to Endosomes. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005514. [PMID: 26393361 PMCID: PMC4578947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RAB-5/Rab5 is a master regulator of the early endosome, required for a myriad of coordinated activities, including the degradation and recycling of internalized cargo. Here we focused on the recycling function of the early endosome and the regulation of RAB-5 by GAP protein TBC-2 in the basolateral C. elegans intestine. We demonstrate that downstream basolateral recycling regulators, GTPase RAB-10/Rab10 and BAR domain protein AMPH-1/Amphiphysin, bind to TBC-2 and help to recruit it to endosomes. In the absence of RAB-10 or AMPH-1 binding to TBC-2, RAB-5 membrane association is abnormally high and recycling cargo is trapped in early endosomes. Furthermore, the loss of TBC-2 or AMPH-1 leads to abnormally high spatial overlap of RAB-5 and RAB-10. Taken together our results indicate that RAB-10 and AMPH-1 mediated down-regulation of RAB-5 is an important step in recycling, required for cargo exit from early endosomes and regulation of early endosome–recycling endosome interactions. When cargo is internalized from the cell surface by endocytosis, it enters a series of intracellular organelles called endosomes. Endosomes sort cargo, such that some cargos are sent to the lysosome for degradation, while others are recycled to the plasma membrane. Small GTPase proteins of the Rabs family are master regulators of endosomes, functioning by acting as molecular switches. As cargo moves through the endosomal system, it must pass from the domain controlled by one Rab-GTPase to the domain controlled by another. Little is known about how transitions along the recycling pathway are controlled. Here we analyze a group of protein interactions that act along the early-to-recycling pathway. Our work shows that RAB-5 deactivation mediated by TBC-2 and its recruiters RAB-10 and AMPH-1 is important for cargo recycling. This work provides mechanistic insight into how Rab proteins controlling different steps of trafficking interact during endocytic recycling.
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89
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Vanderwerf SM, Buck DC, Wilmarth PA, Sears LM, David LL, Morton DB, Neve KA. Role for Rab10 in Methamphetamine-Induced Behavior. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136167. [PMID: 26291453 PMCID: PMC4546301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are specialized, cholesterol-rich membrane compartments that help to organize transmembrane signaling by restricting or promoting interactions with subsets of the cellular proteome. The hypothesis driving this study was that identifying proteins whose relative abundance in rafts is altered by the abused psychostimulant methamphetamine would contribute to fully describing the pathways involved in acute and chronic effects of the drug. Using a detergent-free method for preparing rafts from rat brain striatal membranes, we identified density gradient fractions enriched in the raft protein flotillin but deficient in calnexin and the transferrin receptor, markers of non-raft membranes. Dopamine D1- and D2-like receptor binding activity was highly enriched in the raft fractions, but pretreating rats with methamphetamine (2 mg/kg) once or repeatedly for 11 days did not alter the distribution of the receptors. LC-MS analysis of the protein composition of raft fractions from rats treated once with methamphetamine or saline identified methamphetamine-induced changes in the relative abundance of 23 raft proteins, including the monomeric GTP-binding protein Rab10, whose abundance in rafts was decreased 2.1-fold by acute methamphetamine treatment. Decreased raft localization was associated with a selective decrease in the abundance of Rab10 in a membrane fraction that includes synaptic vesicles and endosomes. Inhibiting Rab10 activity by pan-neuronal expression of a dominant-negative Rab10 mutant in Drosophila melanogaster decreased methamphetamine-induced activity and mortality and decreased caffeine-stimulated activity but not mortality, whereas inhibiting Rab10 activity selectively in cholinergic neurons had no effect. These results suggest that activation and redistribution of Rab10 is critical for some of the behavioral effects of psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Vanderwerf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David C. Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Leila M. Sears
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Larry L. David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David B. Morton
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kim A. Neve
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Yang J, Yao W, Qian G, Wei Z, Wu G, Wang G. Rab5-mediated VE-cadherin internalization regulates the barrier function of the lung microvascular endothelium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4849-66. [PMID: 26112597 PMCID: PMC4827161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 has been well defined to control the vesicle-mediated plasma membrane protein transport to the endosomal compartment. However, its function in the internalization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an important component of adherens junctions, and as a result regulating the endothelial cell polarity and barrier function remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulation markedly enhanced the activation and expression of Rab5 in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), which is accompanied by VE-cadherin internalization. In parallel, LPS challenge also induced abnormal cell polarity and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier in HPMECs. LPS stimulation promoted the translocation of VE-cadherin from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments, and intracellularly expressed VE-cadherin was extensively colocalized with Rab5. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of Rab5a expression attenuated the disruption of LPS-induced internalization of VE-cadherin and the disorder of cell polarity. Furthermore, knockdown of Rab5 inhibited the vascular endothelial hyperpermeability and protected endothelial barrier function from LPS injury, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Rab5 is a critical mediator of LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, which is likely mediated through regulating VE-cadherin internalization. These findings provide evidence, implicating that Rab5a is a potential therapeutic target for preventing endothelial barrier disruption and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guisheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhenghua Wei
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Guansong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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91
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Yu S, Gao N. Compartmentalizing intestinal epithelial cell toll-like receptors for immune surveillance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3343-53. [PMID: 26001904 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound microbial sensors that mediate important host-to-microbe responses. Cell biology aspects of TLR function have been intensively studied in professional immune cells, in particular the macrophages and dendritic cells, but not well explored in other specialized epithelial cell types. The adult intestinal epithelial cells are in close contact with trillions of enteric microbes and engage in lifelong immune surveillance. Mature intestinal epithelial cells, in contrast to immune cells, are highly polarized. Recent studies suggest that distinct mechanisms may govern TLR traffic and compartmentalization in these specialized epithelial cells to establish and maintain precise signaling of individual TLRs. We, using immune cells as references, discuss here the shared and/or unique molecular machineries used by intestinal epithelial cells to control TLR transport, localization, processing, activation, and signaling. A better understanding of these mechanisms will certainly generate important insights into both the mechanism and potential intervention of leading digestive disorders, in particular inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Room 206, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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92
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Kimura T, Endo S, Inui M, Saitoh SI, Miyake K, Takai T. Endoplasmic Protein Nogo-B (RTN4-B) Interacts with GRAMD4 and Regulates TLR9-Mediated Innate Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5426-36. [PMID: 25917084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TLRs are distributed in their characteristic cellular or subcellular compartments to efficiently recognize specific ligands and to initiate intracellular signaling. Whereas TLRs recognizing pathogen-associated lipids or proteins are localized to the cell surface, nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are expressed in endosomes and lysosomes. Several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins are known to regulate the trafficking of TLRs to the specific cellular compartments, thus playing important roles in the initiation of innate immune responses. In this study, we show that an ER-resident protein, Nogo-B (or RTN4-B), is necessary for immune responses triggered by nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, and that a newly identified Nogo-B-binding protein (glucosyltransferases, Rab-like GTPase activators and myotubularins [GRAM] domain containing 4 [GRAMD4]) negatively regulates the responses. Production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro by macrophages stimulated with CpG-B oligonucleotides or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid was attenuated in the absence of Nogo-B, which was also confirmed in serum samples from Nogo-deficient mice injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Although a deficiency of Nogo-B did not change the incorporation or delivery of CpG to endosomes, the localization of TLR9 to endolysosomes was found to be impaired. We identified GRAMD4 as a downmodulator for TLR9 response with a Nogo-B binding ability in ER, because our knockdown and overexpression experiments indicated that GRAMD4 suppresses the TLR9 response and knockdown of Gramd4 strongly enhanced the response in the absence of Nogo-B. Our findings indicate a critical role of Nogo-B and GRAMD4 in trafficking of TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Kimura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masanori Inui
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
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93
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Chowdhury SM, Zhu X, Aloor JJ, Azzam KM, Gabor KA, Ge W, Addo KA, Tomer KB, Parks JS, Fessler MB. Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1859-70. [PMID: 25910759 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. ABCA1 deletion induced wide-ranging changes to the raft proteome. Remarkably, many of these changes were similar to those seen in Abca1(+/+) macrophages after lipopolysaccharide exposure. Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- ¶Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Jim J Aloor
- From the ‡Laboratory of Respiratory Biology and
| | | | | | - William Ge
- From the ‡Laboratory of Respiratory Biology and
| | | | - Kenneth B Tomer
- §Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - John S Parks
- ¶Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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94
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Klein DCG, Skjesol A, Kers-Rebel ED, Sherstova T, Sporsheim B, Egeberg KW, Stokke BT, Espevik T, Husebye H. CD14, TLR4 and TRAM Show Different Trafficking Dynamics During LPS Stimulation. Traffic 2015; 16:677-90. [PMID: 25707286 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is responsible for the immediate response to Gram-negative bacteria and signals via two main pathways by recruitment of distinct pairs of adaptor proteins. Mal-MyD88 [Mal (MyD88-adaptor-like) - MYD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88))] is recruited to the plasma membrane to initiate the signaling cascade leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while TRAM-TRIF [TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule)-TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β)] is recruited to early endosomes to initiate the subsequent production of type I interferons. We have investigated the dynamics of TLR4 and TRAM during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that LPS induced a CD14-dependent immobile fraction of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) revealed that LPS stimulation induced clustering of TLR4 into small punctate structures in the plasma membrane containing CD14/LPS and clathrin, both in HEK293 cells and the macrophage model cell line U373-CD14. These results suggest that laterally immobilized TLR4 receptor complexes are being formed and prepared for endocytosis. RAB11A was found to be involved in localizing TRAM to the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and to early sorting endosomes. Moreover, CD14/LPS but not TRAM was immobilized on RAB11A-positive endosomes, which indicates that TRAM and CD14/LPS can independently be recruited to endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne C G Klein
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Skjesol
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Present address: Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Sherstova
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjartan W Egeberg
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn T Stokke
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Harald Husebye
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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95
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Daringer NM, Schwarz KA, Leonard JN. Contributions of unique intracellular domains to switchlike biosensing by Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8764-77. [PMID: 25694428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate immune recognition of both microbial infections and tissue damage. Aberrant TLR signaling promotes disease; thus, understanding the regulation of TLR signaling is of medical relevance. Although downstream mediators of TLR signaling have been identified, the detailed mechanism by which ligand binding-mediated dimerization induces downstream signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this question for TLR4, which mediates responsiveness to bacterial LPS and drives inflammatory disease. TLR4 exhibits structural and functional features that are unique among TLRs, including responsiveness to a wide variety of ligands. However, the connection between these structural features and the regulation of signaling is not clear. Here, we investigated how the unique intracellular structures of TLR4 contribute to receptor signaling. Key conclusions include the following. 1) The unique intracellular linker of TLR4 is important for achieving LPS-inducible signaling via Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) but less so for signaling via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). 2) Membrane-bound TLR4 TIR domains were sufficient to induce signaling. However, introducing long, flexible intracellular linkers neither induced constitutive signaling nor ablated LPS-inducible signaling. Thus, the initiation of TLR4 signaling is regulated by a mechanism that does not require tight geometric constraints. Together, these observations necessitate refining the model of TLR4 signal initiation. We hypothesize that TLR4 may interact with an inhibitory partner in the absence of ligand, via both TIR and extracellular domains of TLR4. In this speculative model, ligand binding induces dissociation of the inhibitory partner, triggering spontaneous, switchlike TIR domain homodimerization to initiate downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua N Leonard
- From the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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96
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Wang L, Kantovitz KR, Cullinane AR, Nociti FH, Foster BL, Roney JC, Tran AB, Introne WJ, Somerman MJ. Skin fibroblasts from individuals with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) exhibit hyposensitive immunogenic response. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:212. [PMID: 25528552 PMCID: PMC4296684 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by immunodeficiency, oculocutaneous albinism, neurological dysfunction, and early death. Individuals with CHS present with increased susceptibility to infections of the skin, upper-respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and oral tissues. Classical CHS is caused by mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST). Although defects in cytotoxic T cell lytic secretory granule secretion and neutrophil phagocytosis are suggested to contribute to the immunodeficiency in CHS, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that skin fibroblasts from CHS subjects exhibit impaired immune response due to defective trafficking of inflammatory factors. Methods and results Primary skin fibroblasts from CHS subjects or healthy controls were assessed for genes encoding inflammatory response factors using PCR array. At baseline, we found CD14, IL1R1 and TLR-1 were down-regulated significantly (≥2 fold change) and the genes encoding TLR-3, IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated in CHS cells compared to control cells. When challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CHS cells were less responsive than control cells, with only 8 genes significantly up-regulated (3–68 fold change) compared to baseline values, whereas 28 genes in control cells were significantly up-regulated at a much higher magnitude (3–4,629 fold change). In addition, 50% of the genes significantly up-regulated in LPS-treated control cells were significantly lower in LPS-treated CHS cells. IL-6, a fibroblast-derived proinflammatory cytokine essential for fighting infections was significantly lower in culture media of CHS cells with or without LPS. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining revealed that TLR-2 and TLR-4 were diminished on cell membranes of CHS cells and dissociated from Rab11a. Conclusions For the first time, results from our study indicate defective trafficking of TLR-2 and TLR-4 contributes to the hyposensitive response of CHS skin fibroblasts to immunogenic challenge, providing a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brian Lee Foster
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Anne Bich Tran
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Martha Joan Somerman
- NIH/NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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97
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Kagan JC, Barton GM. Emerging principles governing signal transduction by pattern-recognition receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 7:a016253. [PMID: 25395297 PMCID: PMC4355268 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The problem of recognizing and disposing of non-self-organisms, whether for nutrients or defense, predates the evolution of multicellularity. Accordingly, the function of the innate immune system is often intimately associated with fundamental aspects of cell biology. Here, we review our current understanding of the links between cell biology and pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system. We highlight the importance of receptor localization for the detection of microbes and for the initiation of antimicrobial signaling pathways. We discuss examples that illustrate how pattern-recognition receptors influence, and are influenced by, the general membrane trafficking machinery of mammalian cells. In the future, cell biological analysis likely will rival pure genetic analysis as a tool to uncover fundamental principles that govern host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3200
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98
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Wang J, Lin D, Peng H, Shao J, Gu J. Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G promotes LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production via binding to TLR4 in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9727-43. [PMID: 25179302 PMCID: PMC4259433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that various cancer cells express immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, the function of cancer-derived IgG and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that IgG expression was significantly altered after exposure to LPS in cervical cancer cells, suggesting that IgG was potentially involved in regulation of TLR4 signaling. Reduction of IgG attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. The phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and MAPK were consistently suppressed by knockdown of IgG, which in turn impaired NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activity of NF-κB responsive element. Furthermore, we found that IgG was recruited to TLR4 in the cytoplasm after LPS stimulation, and IgG silencing inhibited LPS-initiated proinflammatory cytokine production through downregulating TLR4 expression. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of endotoxemia and human tissues. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IgG is a positive regulator of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by binding to TLR4 and enhancing its expression. TLR4 signaling plays a positive role in the development of many inflammation induced cancers such as cervical cancer. Our study strongly indicates that IgG may promote cervical cancer cell proliferation through enhancing TLR4 signaling. IgG may be a novel therapeutic target in treating inflammation mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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99
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Gay NJ, Symmons MF, Gangloff M, Bryant CE. Assembly and localization of Toll-like receptor signalling complexes. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:546-58. [PMID: 25060580 DOI: 10.1038/nri3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to host defence against many pathogenic microorganisms and also underlies a large burden of human disease. Thus, the mechanisms and regulation of signalling by TLRs are of considerable interest. In this Review, we discuss the molecular basis for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the nature of the protein complexes that mediate signalling, and the way in which signals are regulated and integrated at the level of allosteric assembly, post-translational modification and subcellular trafficking of the components of the signalling complexes. These fundamental molecular mechanisms determine whether the signalling output leads to a protective immune response or to serious pathologies such as sepsis. A detailed understanding of these processes at the molecular level provides a rational framework for the development of new drugs that can specifically target pathological rather than protective signalling in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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100
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Liaunardy-Jopeace A, Gay NJ. Molecular and cellular regulation of toll-like receptor-4 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide ligands. Front Immunol 2014; 5:473. [PMID: 25339952 PMCID: PMC4186342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As well as being the primary signaling receptor for bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide Toll-like receptor-4 function is modulated by numerous factors not only in the context of microbial pathogenesis but also autoimmune and allergic diseases. TLR4 is subject to multiple levels of endogenous control and regulation from biosynthesis and trafficking to signal transduction and degradation. On the other hand regulation of TLR4 activity breaks down during Gram −ve sepsis leading to systemic damage, multi organ failure, and death. In this article, we review how TLR4 traffics from the early secretory pathway, the cis/trans Golgi to the cell surface and endolysosomal compartments. We will present evidence about how these processes influence signaling and can potentially lead to increased sensitivity to ligand-dependent activation as well as ligand-independent constitutive activation that may contribute to pathogenesis in sepsis. We will also discuss how sustained signaling may be coupled to endocytosis and consider the potential molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulators that modify TLR4 signaling function including the cat allergen FelD1 and endogenous protein ligands such as the extracellular matrix protein tenascin C and calprotectin (MRP8/14).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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