51
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Shen Z, Liu F, Huang S, Wang H, Yang C, Hang T, Tao J, Xia W, Xie X. Progress of flexible strain sensors for physiological signal monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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Fath A, Xia T, Li W. Recent Advances in the Application of Piezoelectric Materials in Microrobotic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1422. [PMID: 36144045 PMCID: PMC9501207 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in precision manufacturing technology and a thorough understanding of the properties of piezoelectric materials have made it possible for researchers to develop innovative microrobotic systems, which draw more attention to the challenges of utilizing microrobots in areas that are inaccessible to ordinary robots. This review paper provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of piezoelectric materials in microrobots. The challenges of microrobots in the direction of autonomy are categorized into four sections: mechanisms, power, sensing, and control. In each section, innovative research ideas are presented to inspire researchers in their prospective microrobot designs according to specific applications. Novel mechanisms for the mobility of piezoelectric microrobots are reviewed and described. Additionally, as the piezoelectric micro-actuators require high-voltage electronics and onboard power supplies, we review ways of energy harvesting technology and lightweight micro-sensing mechanisms that contain piezoelectric devices to provide feedback, facilitating the use of control strategies to achieve the autonomous untethered movement of microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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53
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Jin L, Liu Z, Altintas M, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Yao S, Fan Y, Li Y. Wearable Piezoelectric Airflow Transducers for Human Respiratory and Metabolic Monitoring. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2281-2292. [PMID: 35868024 PMCID: PMC9425556 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of respiration and metabolism measurement in daily life, they are not widely available to ordinary people because of sophisticated and expensive equipment. Here, we first report a straightforward and economical approach to monitoring respiratory function and metabolic rate using a wearable piezoelectric airflow transducer (WPAT). A self-shielded bend sensor is designed by sticking two uniaxially drawn piezoelectric poly l-lactic acid films with different cutting angles, and then the bend sensor is mounted on one end of a plastic tube to engineer the WPAT. The airflow sensing principle of the WPAT is theoretically determined through finite element simulation, and the WPAT is calibrated with a pulse calibration method. We prove that the WPAT has similar accuracy (correlation coefficient >0.99) to a pneumotachometer in respiratory flow and lung volume assessment. We demonstrate metabolism measurement using the WPAT and the relationship between minute volume and metabolic rates via human wear trials. The mean difference of measured metabolic rates between the WPAT and a Biopac indirect calorimeter is 0.015 kcal/min, which shows comparable performance. Significantly, unlike the Biopac indirect calorimeter with an airflow sensor, an oxygen gas sensor, and a carbon dioxide gas sensor, we merely use the simple-structured WPAT to measure metabolism. Thus, we expect the WPAT technology to provide a precise, convenient, and cost-effective respiratory and metabolic monitoring solution for next-generation medical home care applications and wearable healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Mucahit Altintas
- Computer
and Informatics Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sirui Yao
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yi Li
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- College
of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an
Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
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54
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Sekkarapatti Ramasamy M, Krishnamoorthi Kaliannagounder V, Rahaman A, Park CH, Kim CS, Kim B. Synergistic Effect of Reinforced Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric PLLA Scaffold for Efficient Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3542-3556. [PMID: 35853623 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) nanofibers (PLLANFs) have been receiving considerable attention in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to their tunable biodegradability and remarkable in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. However, deterioration in the mechanical strength of PLLANFs during the regeneration process leads to low osteoinductive performances. Additionally, their high hydrophobicity and limited piezoelectric properties have to be addressed concerning BTE. Herein, we report an efficient approach for fabricating high-performance PLLANF hybrid scaffolds for BTE by reinforcing amphiphilic triblock copolymer pluronic F-127 (PL)-functionalized nanofillers (PL-functionalized carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PL-cMWCNTs) and PL-functionalized exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (PL-EBN)). The synergistic reinforcement effect from one-dimensional (1D) electrically conducting PL-cMWCNTs and two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric PL-EBN was remarkable in PLLANFs, and the obtained PL-Hybrid (PL-cMWCNTs + PL-EBN) reinforced scaffolds have outperformed the mechanical strength, wettability, and piezoelectric performances of pristine PLLANFs. Consequently, in vitro biocompatibility results reveal the enhanced proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on PL-Hybrid nanofiber scaffolds. Furthermore, the ALP activity, ARS staining, and comparable osteogenic gene expression results demonstrated significant osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on PL-Hybrid nanofiber scaffolds than on the pristine PLLANF scaffold. Thus, the reported approach for constructing high-performance piezoelectric biodegradable scaffolds for BTE by the synergistic effect of PL-cMWCNTs and PL-EBN holds great promise in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vignesh Krishnamoorthi Kaliannagounder
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashiqur Rahaman
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.,Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungki Kim
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea.,Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
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55
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Yin Y, Guo C, Li H, Yang H, Xiong F, Chen D. The Progress of Research into Flexible Sensors in the Field of Smart Wearables. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5089. [PMID: 35890768 PMCID: PMC9319532 DOI: 10.3390/s22145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, technology associated with smart sensors made from flexible materials is rapidly evolving. As a core component in the field of wearable smart devices (or 'smart wearables'), flexible sensors have the advantages of excellent flexibility, ductility, free folding properties, and more. When choosing materials for the development of sensors, reduced weight, elasticity, and wearer's convenience are considered as advantages, and are suitable for electronic skin, monitoring of health-related issues, biomedicine, human-computer interactions, and other fields of biotechnology. The idea behind wearable sensory devices is to enable their easy integration into everyday life. This review discusses the concepts of sensory mechanism, detected object, and contact form of flexible sensors, and expounds the preparation materials and their applicability. This is with the purpose of providing a reference for the further development of flexible sensors suitable for wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Yin
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hong Li
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hongying Yang
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile and Garment Industry, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongyi Chen
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- College of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
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56
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Kamel NA. Bio-piezoelectricity: fundamentals and applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:717-733. [PMID: 35783122 PMCID: PMC9243952 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, smart materials have piqued the interest of scientists and physicians in the biomedical community owing to their ability to modify their properties in response to an external stimulation or changes in their surroundings. Biocompatible piezoelectric materials are an interesting group of smart materials due to their ability to produce electrical charges without an external power source. Electric signals produced by piezoelectric scaffolds can renew and regenerate tissues through special pathways like that found in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes the piezoelectric phenomenon, piezoelectric effects generated within biological tissues, piezoelectric biomaterials, and their applications in tissue engineering and their use as biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Ahmed Kamel
- Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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57
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Wang C, Shi Q, Lee C. Advanced Implantable Biomedical Devices Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1366. [PMID: 35458075 PMCID: PMC9032723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomedical devices (IMDs) play essential roles in healthcare. Subject to the limited battery life, IMDs cannot achieve long-term in situ monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. The proposal and rapid development of triboelectric nanogenerators free IMDs from the shackles of batteries and spawn a self-powered healthcare system. This review aims to overview the development of IMDs based on triboelectric nanogenerators, divided into self-powered biosensors, in vivo energy harvesting devices, and direct electrical stimulation therapy devices. Meanwhile, future challenges and opportunities are discussed according to the development requirements of current-level self-powered IMDs to enhance output performance, develop advanced triboelectric nanogenerators with multifunctional materials, and self-driven close-looped diagnosis and treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (C.W.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (C.W.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (C.W.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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58
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Li S, Luo C, Tang F, Xiao W, Fang M, Sun J, Chen W. Effect of polyethylene glycol modified MWCNTs-OH on the crystallization of PLLA and its stereocomplex. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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59
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Wu H, Murti BT, Singh J, Yang P, Tsai M. Prospects of Metal-Free Perovskites for Piezoelectric Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104703. [PMID: 35199947 PMCID: PMC9036044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have emerged as versatile materials for various electronic and optoelectronic devices such as diodes, solar cells, photodetectors, and sensors due to their interesting properties of high absorption coefficient in the visible regime, tunable bandgap, and high power conversion efficiency. Recently, metal-free organic perovskites have also emerged as a particular class of perovskites materials for piezoelectric applications. This broadens the chemical variety of perovskite structures with good mechanical adaptability, light-weight, and low-cost processability. Despite these achievements, the fundamental understanding of the underlying phenomenon of piezoelectricity in metal-free perovskites is still lacking. Therefore, this perspective emphasizes the overview of piezoelectric properties of metal-halide, metal-free perovskites, and their recent progress which may encourage material designs to enhance their applicability towards practical applications. Finally, challenges and outlooks of piezoelectric metal-free perovskites are highlighted for their future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Song Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei City10607Taiwan
| | - Bayu Tri Murti
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei City11031Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan City32001Taiwan
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei City10607Taiwan
| | - Po‐Kang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan City32001Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei City11031Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei City10607Taiwan
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60
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Deng W, Zhou Y, Libanori A, Chen G, Yang W, Chen J. Piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3380-3435. [PMID: 35352069 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators has experienced rapid progress in the past decade and is serving as the technological foundation of future state-of-the-art personalized healthcare. Due to their highly efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, easy implementation, and self-powering nature, these devices permit a plethora of innovative healthcare applications in the space of active sensing, electrical stimulation therapy, as well as passive human biomechanical energy harvesting to third party power on-body devices. This article gives a comprehensive review of the piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. After a brief introduction to the fundamental physical science of the piezoelectric effect, material engineering strategies, device structural designs, and human-body centered energy harvesting, sensing, and therapeutics applications are also systematically discussed. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of utilizing piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered bioelectronics and personalized healthcare are outlined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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61
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Lu J, Hu S, Li W, Wang X, Mo X, Gong X, Liu H, Luo W, Dong W, Sima C, Wang Y, Yang G, Luo JT, Jiang S, Shi Z, Zhang G. A Biodegradable and Recyclable Piezoelectric Sensor Based on a Molecular Ferroelectric Embedded in a Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3744-3755. [PMID: 35234032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, various electronic devices make our life more and more safe, healthy, and comfortable, but at the same time, they produce a large amount of nondegradable and nonrecyclable electronic waste that threatens our environment. In this work, we explore an environmentally friendly and flexible mechanical sensor that is biodegradable and recyclable. The sensor consists of a bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel as the matrix and imidazolium perchlorate (ImClO4) molecular ferroelectric as the functional element, the hybrid of which possesses a high sensitivity of 4 mV kPa-1 and a wide operational range from 0.2 to 31.25 kPa, outperforming those of most devices based on conventional functional biomaterials. Moreover, the BC hydrogel can be fully degraded into glucose and oligosaccharides, while ImClO4 can be recyclable and reused for the same devices, leaving no environmentally hazardous electronic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sanming Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenru Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiwei Mo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuetian Gong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Dong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaotan Sima
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaojin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing-Ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Education Ministry and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shenglin Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangzu Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics MOE and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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62
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Yuan H, Han P, Tao Z, Xue B, Guo Y, Levy D, Hu W, Wang Y, Cao Y, Gazit E, Yang R. Peptide Coassembly to Enhance Piezoelectricity for Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6538-6546. [PMID: 35089003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of piezoelectricity in self-assembled peptide nanostructures opens an avenue to a new regime of piezoelectric materials and enables the fundamental investigation of electromechanical coupling in biomaterials. However, strategies for fabricating peptides with desired properties are still lacking. We find that a peptide-based coassembly process effectively controls the properties of peptide nanomaterials and demonstrates their application potential in nanogenerators. The composing peptides and their concentration influence the morphology, molecular property, and physical property of coassembled crystals. Compared with self-assembled diphenylalanine peptides, the coassembled peptides of diphenylalanine and phenylalanine-tryptophan show a 38% increase in piezoelectric coefficient, and the resulting harvesting device shows nearly a 3-fold increase in open-circuit voltage outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Peipei Han
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - David Levy
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wolfson Applied Materials Research Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Wen Hu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
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63
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Li WD, Ke K, Jia J, Pu JH, Zhao X, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Bai L, Zhang K, Yang MB, Yang W. Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E-skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103734. [PMID: 34825473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real-time and all-round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next-generation e-skin and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Di Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Bhovi VK, Melinmath SP, Gowda R. A Review - Biodegradable Polymers and their Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2081-2101. [PMID: 35088668 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220128152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers have an endless scope in the recent era due to their flexibility, amendment, and insertion of organic and inorganic active components into the polymer backbone. There is strong competition between natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers in the sense of biodegradability and compatibility with modern technology. Biodegradable polymers play a significant role in sustaining mankind on the earth due to non-environment hazards. These polymers play a crucial role in the area of biomedicine technology such as tissues engineering, preparation of different scaffolds, drug delivery systems, industrial, agriculture, and food packaging. Here, we probed on an assortment of types of applications, challenges, and limitations of biodegradable polymers in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh K Bhovi
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulochana P Melinmath
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjith Gowda
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
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Liu Y, Dzidotor G, Le TT, Vinikoor T, Morgan K, Curry EJ, Das R, McClinton A, Eisenberg E, Apuzzo LN, Tran KTM, Prasad P, Flanagan TJ, Lee SW, Kan HM, Chorsi MT, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT, Nguyen TD. Exercise-induced piezoelectric stimulation for cartilage regeneration in rabbits. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi7282. [PMID: 35020409 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 32.5 million American adults suffer from osteoarthritis, and current treatments including pain medicines and anti-inflammatory drugs only alleviate symptoms but do not cure the disease. Here, we have demonstrated that a biodegradable piezoelectric poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber scaffold under applied force or joint load could act as a battery-less electrical stimulator to promote chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration. The PLLA scaffold under applied force or joint load generated a controllable piezoelectric charge, which promoted extracellular protein adsorption, facilitated cell migration or recruitment, induced endogenous TGF-β via calcium signaling pathway, and improved chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Rabbits with critical-sized osteochondral defects receiving the piezoelectric scaffold and exercise treatment experienced hyaline-cartilage regeneration and completely healed cartilage with abundant chondrocytes and type II collagen after 1 to 2 months of exercise (2 to 3 months after surgery including 1 month of recovery before exercise), whereas rabbits treated with nonpiezoelectric scaffold and exercise treatment had unfilled defect and limited healing. The approach of combining biodegradable piezoelectric tissue scaffolds with controlled mechanical activation (via physical exercise) may therefore be useful for the treatment of osteoarthritis and is potentially applicable to regenerating other injured tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Godwin Dzidotor
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Thinh T Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kristin Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eli J Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Aneesah McClinton
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ellen Eisenberg
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lorraine N Apuzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Khanh T M Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tyler J Flanagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Meysam T Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kevin W H Lo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Farahani A, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Abedi HR, Tayebi L, Mostafavi E. Polylactic Acid Piezo-Biopolymers: Chemistry, Structural Evolution, Fabrication Methods, and Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:71. [PMID: 34940550 PMCID: PMC8704870 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactide acid (PLA), as an FDA-approved biomaterial, has been widely applied due to its unique merits, such as its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and piezoelectricity. Numerous utilizations, including sensors, actuators, and bio-application-its most exciting application to promote cell migration, differentiation, growth, and protein-surface interaction-originate from the piezoelectricity effect. Since PLA exhibits piezoelectricity in both crystalline structure and an amorphous state, it is crucial to study it closely to understand the source of such a phenomenon. In this respect, in the current study, we first reviewed the methods promoting piezoelectricity. The present work is a comprehensive review that was conducted to promote the low piezoelectric constant of PLA in numerous procedures. In this respect, its chemistry and structural origins have been explored in detail. Combining any other variables to induce a specific application or to improve any PLA barriers, namely, its hydrophobicity, poor electrical conductivity, or the tuning of its mechanical properties, especially in the application of cardiovascular tissue engineering, is also discussed wherever relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Farahani
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Abbas Zarei-Hanzaki
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Abedi
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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67
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Cho Y, Park S, Lee J, Yu KJ. Emerging Materials and Technologies with Applications in Flexible Neural Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Current Issues with Neural Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005786. [PMID: 34050691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience is an essential field of investigation that reveals the identity of human beings, with a comprehensive understanding of advanced mental activities, through the study of neurobiological structures and functions. Fully understanding the neurotransmission system that allows for connectivity among neuronal circuits has paved the way for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. The field of flexible implants has attracted increasing interest mainly to overcome the mechanical mismatch between rigid electrode materials and soft neural tissues, enabling precise measurements of neural signals from conformal contact. Here, the current issues of flexible neural implants (chronic device failure, non-bioresorbable electronics, low-density electrode arrays, among others are summarized) by presenting material candidates and designs to address each challenge. Furthermore, the latest investigations associated with the aforementioned issues are also introduced, including suggestions for ideal neural implants. In terms of the future direction of these advances, designing flexible devices would provide new opportunities for the study of brain-machine interfaces or brain-computer interfaces as part of locomotion through brain signals, and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younguk Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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68
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Won C, Kwon C, Park K, Seo J, Lee T. Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005930. [PMID: 33938022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostics and medicines emphasize the spatial and temporal aspects of monitoring and treating diseases. However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long-term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e-drugs) have been developed to monitor real-time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch-type e-drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long-term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation-associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e-drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e-drugs use cutting-edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e-drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e-drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyeong Won
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaebeen Kwon
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Park
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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69
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Ouyang H, Li Z, Gu M, Hu Y, Xu L, Jiang D, Cheng S, Zou Y, Deng Y, Shi B, Hua W, Fan Y, Li Z, Wang Z. A Bioresorbable Dynamic Pressure Sensor for Cardiovascular Postoperative Care. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102302. [PMID: 34369023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable electronics that can be absorbed and become part of the organism after their service life are a new trend to avoid secondary invasive surgery. However, the material limitation is a significant challenge. There are fewer biodegradable materials with pressure-sensitive properties. Here, a pressure sensor based on the triboelectric effect between bioabsorbable materials is reported. This effect is available in almost all materials. The bioresorbable triboelectric sensor (BTS) can directly convert ambient pressure changes into electrical signals. This device successfully identifies abnormal vascular occlusion events in large animals (dogs). The service life of the BTS reaches 5 days with a high service efficiency (5.95%). The BTS offers excellent sensitivity (11 mV mmHg-1 ), linearity (R2 = 0.993), and good durability (450 000 cycles). The antibacterial bioresorbable materials (poly(lactic acid)-(chitosan 4%)) for the BTS can achieve 99% sterilization. Triboelectric devices are expected to be applied in postoperative care as bioresorbable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ouyang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhe Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Life Science, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Min Gu
- The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sijing Cheng
- The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Deng
- The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Hua
- The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
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Turner BL, Senevirathne S, Kilgour K, McArt D, Biggs M, Menegatti S, Daniele MA. Ultrasound-Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100986. [PMID: 34235886 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on-demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue-mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm-2 ), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state-of-the-art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead-based inorganic, lead-free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Turner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Seedevi Senevirathne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research Queen's University 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7AE UK
| | - Katie Kilgour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Darragh McArt
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research Queen's University 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7AE UK
| | - Manus Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices National University of Ireland Newcastle Road Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University 890 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Echeverría C, Limón I, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M, López D. Development of Highly Crystalline Polylactic Acid with β-Crystalline Phase from the Induced Alignment of Electrospun Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2860. [PMID: 34502900 PMCID: PMC8434155 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the known synthetic polymers with potential piezoelectric activity but this property is directly related to both the crystalline structure and crystalline degree. Depending on the process conditions, PLA can crystallize in three different forms: α-, β-, and γ- form, with β-crystalline phase being the piezoelectric one. To obtain this crystalline structure, transformation of α to β is required. To do so, the strategies followed so far consisted in annealing or/and stretching of previously obtained PLA in the form of films or fibers, that is, additional post-processing steps. In this work, we are able to obtain PLA fibers with high macromolecular alignment, as demonstrated by SEM, and in the β polymorph, as detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) without the requirement of post-processing. For that, PLA fibers were prepared by using an electrospinning coupled to a drum collector. This set up and the optimization of the parameters (voltage flow-rate, and drum collector speed) induced molecular stretching giving rise to uniaxially oriented and highly aligned fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coro Echeverría
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.); (A.M.-B.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Limón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.); (A.M.-B.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.); (A.M.-B.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.); (A.M.-B.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.); (A.M.-B.); (M.F.-G.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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72
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Lee WH, Cha GD, Kim DH. Flexible and biodegradable electronic implants for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:13-21. [PMID: 34425329 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, implantable devices have immense potential for intracranial sensing of brain activity and application of controlled therapy for providing feedback to the sensing. Flexible materials are preferred for implantable devices, as they can minimise implanted device-brain tissue mechanical mismatch. Moreover, biodegradable implantable devices can reduce potential immunological side-effects. Biodegradability also helps avoid the burdensome secondary surgery for retrieving the implanted device. In this study, we reviewed recent advancements related to the use of flexible and biodegradable type of implantable devices for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Representative cases of intracranial sensing and feedback therapy are introduced, and then a brief discussion concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yang F, Li J, Long Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Sui J, Dong Y, Wang Y, Taylor R, Ni D, Cai W, Wang P, Hacker T, Wang X. Wafer-scale heterostructured piezoelectric bio-organic thin films. Science 2021; 373:337-342. [PMID: 34437153 PMCID: PMC8516594 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric biomaterials are intrinsically suitable for coupling mechanical and electrical energy in biological systems to achieve in vivo real-time sensing, actuation, and electricity generation. However, the inability to synthesize and align the piezoelectric phase at a large scale remains a roadblock toward practical applications. We present a wafer-scale approach to creating piezoelectric biomaterial thin films based on γ-glycine crystals. The thin film has a sandwich structure, where a crystalline glycine layer self-assembles and automatically aligns between two polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films. The heterostructured glycine-PVA films exhibit piezoelectric coefficients of 5.3 picocoulombs per newton or 157.5 × 10-3 volt meters per newton and nearly an order of magnitude enhancement of the mechanical flexibility compared with pure glycine crystals. With its natural compatibility and degradability in physiological environments, glycine-PVA films may enable the development of transient implantable electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yin Long
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiajie Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yutao Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rachel Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Timothy Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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74
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Li J, Liu J, Lu W, Wu Z, Yu J, Wang B, Ma Z, Huo W, Huang X. Water-Sintered Transient Nanocomposites Used as Electrical Interconnects for Dissolvable Consumer Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32136-32148. [PMID: 34225448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development of electronic technology shortens the development time for new products and accelerates the obsolescence of consumer electronics, resulting in the explosive growth of electronic waste that is difficult to recycle and hazardous to the environment and human health. Transient electronics that can dissolve in water may potentially be adopted to tackle the issues of electronic waste; however, promising approaches to yield large-scale and high-performance transient consumer electronics have not yet been developed. Here, the joint effect of galvanic corrosion and redeposition has been utilized to develop bimetallic transient nanocomposites, which can be printed and water-sintered to yield high-performance transient PCB circuits with excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness. The entire sintering process requires no external energy and strict environmental conditions. The achieved PCB circuits offer a conductivity of 307,664.4 S/m that is among the highest in comparison with other printed transient circuits. The supreme performance of the transient circuits eventually leads to the first dissolvable smartwatch that offers the same functions and similar performance as conventional smartwatches and dissolves in water within 40 h. The joint effect of galvanic corrosion and redeposition between two metals with distinct activities leads to novel nanocomposites and processing techniques of transient electronics. The resulting high-performance transient devices may reshape the appearance of consumer electronics and reform the electronics recycling industry by reducing recycling costs and minimizing environmental pollution and health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wangwei Lu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua University Zhejiang, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bangbang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenxing Huo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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75
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Xu Q, Gao X, Zhao S, Liu YN, Zhang D, Zhou K, Khanbareh H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Bowen C. Construction of Bio-Piezoelectric Platforms: From Structures and Synthesis to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008452. [PMID: 34033180 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials, with their unique ability for mechanical-electrical energy conversion, have been widely applied in important fields such as sensing, energy harvesting, wastewater treatment, and catalysis. In recent years, advances in material synthesis and engineering have provided new opportunities for the development of bio-piezoelectric materials with excellent biocompatibility and piezoelectric performance. Bio-piezoelectric materials have attracted interdisciplinary research interest due to recent insights on the impact of piezoelectricity on biological systems and their versatile biomedical applications. This review therefore introduces the development of bio-piezoelectric platforms from a broad perspective and highlights their design and engineering strategies. State-of-the-art biomedical applications in both biosensing and disease treatment will be systematically outlined. The relationships between the properties, structure, and biomedical performance of the bio-piezoelectric materials are examined to provide a deep understanding of the working mechanisms in a physiological environment. Finally, the development trends and challenges are discussed, with the aim to provide new insights for the design and construction of future bio-piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Senfeng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Hamideh Khanbareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA27AY, UK
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA27AY, UK
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76
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Chiong JA, Tran H, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Bao Z. Integrating Emerging Polymer Chemistries for the Advancement of Recyclable, Biodegradable, and Biocompatible Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101233. [PMID: 34014619 PMCID: PMC8292855 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Through advances in molecular design, understanding of processing parameters, and development of non-traditional device fabrication techniques, the field of wearable and implantable skin-inspired devices is rapidly growing interest in the consumer market. Like previous technological advances, economic growth and efficiency is anticipated, as these devices will enable an augmented level of interaction between humans and the environment. However, the parallel growing electronic waste that is yet to be addressed has already left an adverse impact on the environment and human health. Looking forward, it is imperative to develop both human- and environmentally-friendly electronics, which are contingent on emerging recyclable, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer technologies. This review provides definitions for recyclable, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers based on reported literature, an overview of the analytical techniques used to characterize mechanical and chemical property changes, and standard policies for real-life applications. Then, various strategies in designing the next-generation of polymers to be recyclable, biodegradable, or biocompatible with enhanced functionalities relative to traditional or commercial polymers are discussed. Finally, electronics that exhibit an element of recyclability, biodegradability, or biocompatibility with new molecular design are highlighted with the anticipation of integrating emerging polymer chemistries into future electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerika A. Chiong
- Department of ChemistryStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305‐5025USA
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305‐5025USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of ChemistryStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305‐5025USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305‐5025USA
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77
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Lim HS, Oh JM, Kim JW. One-Way Continuous Deposition of Monolayer MXene Nanosheets for the Formation of Two Confronting Transparent Electrodes in Flexible Capacitive Photodetector. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25400-25409. [PMID: 34008942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MXenes based on titanium carbide are promising next-generation transparent electrode materials due to their high metallic conductivity, optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and abundant hydrophilic surface functionality. MXene electrodes offer a much wider conductive surface coverage than metal nanowires, thereby gaining popularity as flexible electrode materials in supercapacitors and energy devices. However, given that monolayer MXene nanosheets are only a few nanometers thick, meticulous surface treatments and deposition technologies are required for a practical implementation of these transparent electrodes. Unfortunately, a capacitor produced by forming high-quality transparent MXene electrodes on both sides of a film has not yet been reported. We report the successful development of a one-way continuous deposition technology to form high-quality MXene nanosheet-based transparent electrodes on both surfaces of a polymer film without large physical stresses on the MXene nanosheets. One transparent electrode was formed by transferring MXene nanosheets predeposited on a temporary glass substrate to the film surface, while the other was directly deposited on the exposed film surface. The Ti3AlC2 precursor (MAX) was synthesized via a spark plasma sintering crystallization, and the MXene nanosheets were prepared via a subsequent Al-selective etching and delamination. We used this material to implement a capacitive photodetector consisting of two layers of opposing transparent electrodes. The flexible photodetector was based on poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), which was solidly bonded with MXene nanosheets to serve as a free-standing binder for the Cu-doped ZnS semiconductor particles. The fabricated device exhibited excellent mechanical stability due to the high affinity between the MXene nanosheets and PVB. Furthermore, the device exhibited an initial capacitance of 2 nF, photosensitivity of 12.5 μF/W, and rise and decay times of 0.031 and 0.751 s, respectively. All these parameters were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher or faster than reported capacitive photodetectors. Overall, the proposed approach resolves the core issues associated with existing metal nanowire-based electrodes, and it is a breakthrough in the development of next-generation flexible devices comprising two layers of confronting transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Oh
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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78
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Xiong J, Chen J, Lee PS. Functional Fibers and Fabrics for Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Human-Robot Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002640. [PMID: 33025662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe interactions with human. With the emerging wearable electronics, higher tactility and skin affinity are pursued for safe and user-friendly human-robot interactions. Fabrics interlocked by fibers perform traditional static functions such as warming, protection, and fashion. Recently, dynamic fibers and fabrics are favorable to deliver active stimulus responses such as sensing and actuating abilities for soft-robots and wearables. First, the responsive mechanisms of fiber/fabric actuators and their performances under various external stimuli are reviewed. Fiber/yarn-based artificial muscles for soft-robots manipulation and assistance in human motion are discussed, as well as smart clothes for improving human perception. Second, the geometric designs, fabrications, mechanisms, and functions of fibers/fabrics for sensing and energy harvesting from the human body and environments are summarized. Effective integration between the electronic components with garments, human skin, and living organisms is illustrated, presenting multifunctional platforms with self-powered potential for human-robot interactions and biomedicine. Lastly, the relationships between robotic/wearable fibers/fabrics and the external stimuli, together with the challenges and possible routes for revolutionizing the robotic fibers/fabrics and wearables in this new era are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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79
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Won Y, Lee JJ, Shin J, Lee M, Kim S, Gandla S. Biocompatible, Transparent, and High-Areal-Coverage Kirigami PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Electrooculography-Derived Human-Machine Interactions. ACS Sens 2021; 6:967-975. [PMID: 33470797 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin sensors prepared from biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric materials significantly benefit the research and scientific community, as they can reduce the amount of effort required for e-waste management by deteriorating or dissolving into the environment without pollution. Herein, we report the use of polylactic acid (PLA)-a promising plant-based bioplastic-and highly transparent, conductive, biocompatible, and flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) materials to fabricate kirigami-based stretchable on-skin electrophysiological sensors via a low-cost and rapid laser cutting technique. The sensor stack with PEDOT:PSS and PLA layers exhibited high transparency (>85%) in the wavelength range of 400-700 nm and stay attached conformally to the skin for several hours without adverse effects. The Y-shaped kirigami motifs inspired by the microcracked gold film endowed the sensor with attributes such as high areal coverage (∼85%), breathability (∼40 g m-2 h-1), and multidirectional stretchability. The sensor has been successfully applied to monitor electrophysiological signals and demonstrated with an eye movement-supported communication interface for controlling home electronic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoochan Won
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Shin
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Srinivas Gandla
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials and Science Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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80
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Olvera D, Monaghan MG. Electroactive material-based biosensors for detection and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:396-424. [PMID: 32987096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive materials are employed at the interface of biology and electronics due to their advantageous intrinsic properties as soft organic electronics. We examine the most recent literature of electroactive material-based biosensors and their emerging role as theranostic devices for the delivery of therapeutic agents. We consider electroactive materials through the lens of smart drug delivery systems as materials that enable the release of therapeutic cargo in response to specific physiological and external stimuli and discuss the way these mechanisms are integrated into medical devices with examples of the latest advances. Studies that harness features unique to conductive polymers are emphasized; lastly, we highlight new perspectives and future research direction for this emerging technology and the challenges that remain to overcome.
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81
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Zhu S, Tang Y, Lin C, Liu XY, Lin Y. Recent Advances in Patterning Natural Polymers: From Nanofabrication Techniques to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001060. [PMID: 34927826 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a flexible and efficient strategy to precisely fabricate polymer patterns is increasingly significant for many research areas, especially for cell biology, pharmaceutical science, tissue engineering, soft photonics, and bioelectronics. Recent advances of patterning natural polymers using various nanofabrication techniques, including photolithography, electron-beam lithography, dip-pen nanolithography, inkjet printing, soft lithography, and nanoimprint lithography are discussed here. Integrating nanofabrication techniques with naturally derived macromolecules provides a feasible route for transforming these polymer materials into versatile and sophisticated devices while maintaining their intrinsic and excellent properties. Furthermore, the corresponding applications of these natural polymer patterns generated by the above techniques are elaborated. In the end, a summary of this promising research field is offered and an outlook for the future is given. It is expected that advances in precise spatial patterns of natural polymers would provide new avenues for various applications, such as tissue engineering, flexible electronics, biomedical diagnosis, and soft photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yonghua Tang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Changxu Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Youhui Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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82
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Hosseini E, Dervin S, Ganguly P, Dahiya R. Biodegradable Materials for Sustainable Health Monitoring Devices. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:163-194. [PMID: 33842859 PMCID: PMC8022537 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of biodegradable materials has offered huge opportunity to transform healthcare technologies by enabling sensors that degrade naturally after use. The implantable electronic systems made from such materials eliminate the need for extraction or reoperation, minimize chronic inflammatory responses, and hence offer attractive propositions for future biomedical technology. The eco-friendly sensor systems developed from degradable materials could also help mitigate some of the major environmental issues by reducing the volume of electronic or medical waste produced and, in turn, the carbon footprint. With this background, herein we present a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional biodegradable materials that have been used for various biodegradable or bioresorbable electronic devices. The discussion focuses on the dissolution rates and degradation mechanisms of materials such as natural and synthetic polymers, organic or inorganic semiconductors, and hydrolyzable metals. The recent trend and examples of biodegradable or bioresorbable materials-based sensors for body monitoring, diagnostic, and medical therapeutic applications are also presented. Lastly, key technological challenges are discussed for clinical application of biodegradable sensors, particularly for implantable devices with wireless data and power transfer. Promising perspectives for the advancement of future generation of biodegradable sensor systems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh
S. Hosseini
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Saoirse Dervin
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Priyanka Ganguly
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
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83
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Yogeswaran N, Hosseini ES, Dahiya R. Graphene Based Low Voltage Field Effect Transistor Coupled with Biodegradable Piezoelectric Material Based Dynamic Pressure Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54035-54040. [PMID: 33205956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensors form the basic building block for realization of an electronic or tactile skin used in prothesis, robotics, and other similar applications. This paper presents a device consisting of biodegradable piezoelectric material based dynamic pressure sensor coupled with a graphene field-effect-transistor (GFET) operated at very low voltage (50 mV). The device has a biodegradable β-glycine/chitosan composite based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure connected with GFET in an extended gate configuration. The developed device shows a sensitivity of 2.70 × 10-4 kPa-1 for a pressure range of 5-20 kPa and 7.56 × 10-4 kPa-1 for a pressure range between 20 and 35 kPa. A distinctive feature of the presented device is its very low operation voltage, which offers a significant advantage toward the development of energy efficient large-area electronic skin. Further, the biodegradability of piezoelectric material makes the presented sensors useful in terms of reduced electronic waste, which is currently another growing area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivasan Yogeswaran
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ensieh S Hosseini
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
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84
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Ablation thresholds and morphological changes of poly‐
l
‐lactic acid for pulse durations in the femtosecond‐to‐picosecond regime. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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85
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Zaszczyńska A, Gradys A, Sajkiewicz P. Progress in the Applications of Smart Piezoelectric Materials for Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2754. [PMID: 33266424 PMCID: PMC7700596 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart piezoelectric materials are of great interest due to their unique properties. Piezoelectric materials can transform mechanical energy into electricity and vice versa. There are mono and polycrystals (piezoceramics), polymers, and composites in the group of piezoelectric materials. Recent years show progress in the applications of piezoelectric materials in biomedical devices due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Medical devices such as actuators and sensors, energy harvesting devices, and active scaffolds for neural tissue engineering are continually explored. Sensors and actuators from piezoelectric materials can convert flow rate, pressure, etc., to generate energy or consume it. This paper consists of using smart materials to design medical devices and provide a greater understanding of the piezoelectric effect in the medical industry presently. A greater understanding of piezoelectricity is necessary regarding the future development and industry challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Zaszczyńska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (P.S.)
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86
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Das R, Curry EJ, Le TT, Awale G, Liu Y, Li S, Contreras J, Bednarz C, Millender J, Xin X, Rowe D, Emadi S, Lo KWH, Nguyen TD. Biodegradable Nanofiber Bone-Tissue Scaffold as Remotely-Controlled and Self-Powering Electrical Stimulator. NANO ENERGY 2020; 76:105028. [PMID: 38074984 PMCID: PMC10703347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to induce and enhance bone regeneration. By combining this treatment with tissue-engineering approaches (which rely on biomaterial scaffolds to construct artificial tissues), a replacement bone-graft with strong regenerative properties can be achieved while avoiding the use of potentially toxic levels of growth factors. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of safe and effective methods to induce electrical cues directly on cells/tissues grown on the biomaterial scaffolds. Here, we present a novel bone regeneration method which hybridizes ES and tissue-engineering approaches by employing a biodegradable piezoelectric PLLA (Poly(L-lactic acid)) nanofiber scaffold which, together with externally-controlled ultrasound (US), can generate surface-charges to drive bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the approach of using the piezoelectric scaffold and US can enhance osteogenic differentiation of different stem cells in vitro, and induce bone growth in a critical-sized calvarial defect in vivo. The biodegradable piezoelectric scaffold with applied US could significantly impact the field of tissue engineering by offering a novel biodegradable, battery-free and remotely-controlled electrical stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eli J. Curry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shunyi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Joemart Contreras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Casey Bednarz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jayla Millender
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - David Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sharareh Emadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kevin W.-H. Lo
- The Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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87
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Li J, Long Y, Yang F, Wei H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Li C, Carlos C, Dong Y, Wu Y, Cai W, Wang X. Multifunctional Artificial Artery from Direct 3D Printing with Built-In Ferroelectricity and Tissue-Matching Modulus for Real-Time Sensing and Occlusion Monitoring. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002868. [PMID: 33679279 PMCID: PMC7928534 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Treating vascular grafts failure requires complex surgery procedures and is associated with high risks. A real-time monitoring vascular system enables quick and reliable identification of complications and initiates safer treatments early. Here, an electric fieldassisted 3D printing technology is developed to fabricate in situ-poled ferroelectric artificial arteries that offer battery-free real-time blood pressure sensing and occlusion monitoring capability. The functional artery architecture is made possible by the development of a ferroelectric biocomposite which can be quickly polarized during printing and reshaped into devised objects. The synergistic effect from the potassium sodium niobite particles and the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer matrix yields a superb piezoelectric performance (bulk-scale d 33 > 12 pC N-1). The sinusoidal architecture brings the mechanical modulus close to the level of blood vessels. The desired piezoelectric and mechanical properties of the artificial artery provide an excellent sensitivity to pressure change (0.306 mV mmHg-1, R 2 > 0.99) within the range of human blood pressure (11.25-225.00 mmHg). The high pressure sensitivity and the ability to detect subtle vessel motion pattern change enable early detection of partial occlusion (e.g., thrombosis), allowing for preventing grafts failure. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of incorporating multifunctionality to artificial biological systems for smart healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Corey Carlos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yutao Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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88
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Recent Progress in Pressure Sensors for Wearable Electronics: From Design to Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, innovative research has been widely conducted on flexible devices for wearable electronics applications. Many examples of wearable electronics, such as smartwatches and glasses, are already available to consumers. However, strictly speaking, the sensors used in these devices are not flexible. Many studies are underway to address a wider range of wearable electronics and the development of related fields is progressing very rapidly. In particular, there is intense interest in the research field of flexible pressure sensors because they can collect and use information regarding a wide variety of sources. Through the combination of novel materials and fabrication methods, human-machine interfaces, biomedical sensors, and motion detection techniques, it is now possible to produce sensors with a superior level of performance to meet the demands of wearable electronics. In addition, more compact and human-friendly sensors have been invented in recent years, as biodegradable and self-powered sensor systems have been studied. In this review, a comprehensive description of flexible pressure sensors will be covered, and design strategies that meet the needs for applications in wearable electronics will be presented. Moreover, we will cover several fabrication methods to implement these technologies and the corresponding real-world applications.
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89
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Singh R, Bathaei MJ, Istif E, Beker L. A Review of Bioresorbable Implantable Medical Devices: Materials, Fabrication, and Implementation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000790. [PMID: 32790033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are designed to sense specific parameters or stimulate organs and have been actively used for treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. IMDs are used for long-term disease screening or treatments and cannot be considered for short-term applications since patients need to go through a surgery for retrieval of the IMD. Advances in bioresorbable materials has led to the development of transient IMDs that can be resorbed by bodily fluids and disappear after a certain period. These devices are designed to be implanted in the adjacent of the targeted tissue for predetermined times with the aim of measurement of pressure, strain, or temperature, while the bioelectronic devices stimulate certain tissues. They enable opportunities for monitoring and treatment of acute diseases. To realize such transient and miniaturized devices, researchers utilize a variety of materials, novel fabrication methods, and device design strategies. This review discusses potential bioresorbable materials for each component in an IMD followed by programmable degradation and safety standards. Then, common fabrication methods for bioresorbable materials are introduced, along with challenges. The final section provides representative examples of bioresorbable IMDs for various applications with an emphasis on materials, device functionality, and fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Mohammad Javad Bathaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Emin Istif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
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90
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Vishnu J, Manivasagam G. Perspectives on smart stents with sensors: From conventional permanent to novel bioabsorbable smart stent technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Vishnu
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics CBCMT Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics CBCMT Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
- IBTN/In ‐ Indian branch of Institute of Biomaterials Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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91
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Yamada S, Toshiyoshi H. Temperature Sensor with a Water-Dissolvable Ionic Gel for Ionic Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36449-36457. [PMID: 32633932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of a trillion sensors, a tremendous number of sensors will be consumed to collect information for big data analysis. Once they are installed in a harsh environment or implanted in a human/animal body, we cannot easily retrieve the sensors; the sensors for these applications are left unattended but expected to decay after use. In this paper, a disposable temperature sensor that disappears with contact with water is reported. The gel electrolyte based on an ionic liquid and a water-soluble polymer, so-called ionic gel, exhibits a Young's modulus of 96 kPa, which is compatible with human muscle, skin, and organs, and can be a wearable device or in soft robotics. A study on electrical characteristics of the sensor with various temperatures reveals that the ionic conductivity and capacitance increased by 12 times and 4.8 times, respectively, when the temperature varies from 30 to 80 °C. The temperature sensor exhibits a short response time of 1.4 s, allowing real-time monitoring of temperature change. Furthermore, sensors in an array format can obtain the spatial distribution of temperature. The developed sensor was found to fully dissolve in water in 16 h. The water-dissolvability enables practical applications including healthcare, artificial intelligence, and environmental sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamada
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toshiyoshi
- Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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92
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Li Y, Chen W, Lu L. Wearable and Biodegradable Sensors for Human Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:122-139. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
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93
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Saqib QM, Khan MU, Bae J. Inner egg shell membrane based bio-compatible capacitive and piezoelectric function dominant self-powered pressure sensor array for smart electronic applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29214-29227. [PMID: 35521090 PMCID: PMC9055931 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play a key role as an interface between the mechanical movements and electrical stimuli in smart skins, soft robotics, and health monitoring systems. However, conventional pressure sensors face several challenges in terms of their bio-compatibility, higher cost, and complicated fabrication process. This paper demonstrates a novel 5 × 5 bio-compatible capacitive and self-powered piezoelectric pressure sensor array using natural inner egg shell membrane (IESM). The proposed sensor array is supported by two different sensing modes, which are capacitive and piezoelectric function dominant self-powered mode. The capacitive mode can detect both static and dynamic pressures and the piezoelectric function dominant self-powered mode can be adopted to detect the dynamic pressure applied on the device. The fabricated device with a sensing area of 4 mm2 offered the sensitivity of 37.54 ± 1.488 MPa-1 in the capacitive pressure sensing range from 0 to 0.05 MPa. The device showed the response (T res) and recovery time (T rec) of 60 ms and 45 ms, respectively. The device achieves the sensitivity of 16.93 V MPa-1 from the sensing range of 0 to 0.098 MPa in the self-powered pressure sensing. These results depict that the proposed pressure sensor array will ensure a promising role in green, wearable, and soft electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakro Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Umair Khan
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakro Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Bae
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakro Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea
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94
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95
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Xu Z, Jin C, Cabe A, Escobedo D, Hao N, Trase I, Closson AB, Dong L, Nie Y, Elliott J, Feldman MD, Chen Z, Zhang JXJ. Flexible Energy Harvester on a Pacemaker Lead Using Multibeam Piezoelectric Composite Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34170-34179. [PMID: 32543828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, rely on batteries for operation. However, conventional batteries only last for a few years, and additional surgeries are needed for replacement. Harvesting energy directly from the human body enables a new paradigm of self-sustainable power sources for implantable medical devices without being constrained by the battery's limited lifetime. Here, we report the design of a multibeam cardiac energy harvester using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-infilled microporous P(VDF-TrFE) composite films. We first added ZnO nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes into microporous P(VDF-TrFE) films to increase the energy output. The mixing ratios of 30% ZnO and 0.1% MWCNTs yielded 3.22 ± 0.24 V output, which resulted in a voltage output 46 times higher than that of pure P(VDF-TrFE) films. Next, we discovered that the voltage generated by the composite film with PDMS is approximately 105% higher than that of the one without PDMS. For the application in cardiac pacemakers, we developed a facile fabrication method by building a cylindrical multibeam device that resides on the pacemaker lead to harvest energy from the complex motion of the lead driven by the heartbeat. Since the energy harvesting component is integrated into the pacemaker, it significantly reduces the risks and expenses associated with pacemaker-related surgeries. This work paves the way toward the new generation of energy harvesters that will benefit patients with a variety of implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Congran Jin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Andrew Cabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Danny Escobedo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ian Trase
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Andrew B Closson
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lin Dong
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - James Elliott
- Veterinary, Laboratory Animals Resources, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Marc D Feldman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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96
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Jiang D, Shi B, Ouyang H, Fan Y, Wang ZL, Li Z. Emerging Implantable Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Implantable Medical Electronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6436-6448. [PMID: 32459086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable energy harvesters (IEHs) are the crucial component for self-powered devices. By harvesting energy from organisms such as heartbeat, respiration, and chemical energy from the redox reaction of glucose, IEHs are utilized as the power source of implantable medical electronics. In this review, we summarize the IEHs and self-powered implantable medical electronics (SIMEs). The typical IEHs are nanogenerators, biofuel cells, electromagnetic generators, and transcutaneous energy harvesting devices that are based on ultrasonic or optical energy. A benefit from these technologies of energy harvesting in vivo, SIMEs emerged, including cardiac pacemakers, nerve/muscle stimulators, and physiological sensors. We provide perspectives on the challenges and potential solutions associated with IEHs and SIMEs. Beyond the energy issue, we highlight the implanted devices that show the therapeutic function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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97
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Dong L, Closson AB, Jin C, Nie Y, Cabe A, Escobedo D, Huang S, Trase I, Xu Z, Chen Z, Feldman MD, Zhang JXJ. Multifunctional Pacemaker Lead for Cardiac Energy Harvesting and Pressure Sensing. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000053. [PMID: 32347010 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical self-sustainable energy generation represents a new frontier of power solution for implantable biomedical devices (IMDs), such as cardiac pacemakers. However, almost all reported cardiac energy harvesting designs have not yet reached the stage of clinical translation. A major bottleneck has been the need of additional surgeries for the placements of these devices. Here, integrated piezoelectric-based energy harvesting and sensing designs are reported, which can be seamlessly incorporated into existing IMDs for ease of clinical translation. In vitro experiments validate the energy harvesting process by simulating the bending and twisting motion during heart cycle. Clinical translation is demonstrated in four porcine hearts in vivo under various conditions. Energy harvesting strategy utilizes pacemaker leads as a means of reducing the reliance on batteries and demonstrates the charging ability for extending the lifetime of a pacemaker battery by 20%, which provides a promising self-sustainable energy solution for IMDs. The additional self-powered blood pressure sensing is discussed, and the reported results demonstrate the potential in alerting arrhythmias by monitoring the right ventricular pressure variations. This combined cardiac energy harvesting and blood pressure sensing strategy provides a multifunctional, transformative while practical power and diagnosis solution for cardiac pacemakers and next generation of IMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Congran Jin
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Andrew Cabe
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Danny Escobedo
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Shicheng Huang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Ian Trase
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Zhe Xu
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Marc D. Feldman
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - John X. J. Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
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98
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Abstract
As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a fibrillar environment around cells, while others provide a sheet-like basement membrane scaffold beneath epithelial cells. In this Review, we focus on recent studies investigating the mechanical, biophysical and signaling cues provided to developing tissues by different types of ECM in a variety of developing organisms. In addition, we discuss how the ECM helps to regulate tissue morphology during embryonic development by governing key elements of cell shape, adhesion, migration and differentiation. Summary: This Review discusses our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix helps guide developing tissues by influencing cell adhesion, migration, shape and differentiation, emphasizing the biophysical cues it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cruz Walma
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
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99
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Development of Poly(l-Lactic Acid)-Based Bending Actuators. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051187. [PMID: 32456102 PMCID: PMC7285213 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports on the development of bending actuators based on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/ionic liquid (IL) blends, through the incorporation of 40% wt. of the 1-ethyl-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim][TFSI]) IL. The films, obtained by solvent casting at room temperature and 50 °C, were subjected to several post-thermal treatments at 70, 90, 120 and 140 °C, in order to modify the crystallinity of the films. The influence of the drying temperature and of [Emim][TFSI] blending on the morphological, structural, mechanical and electrical properties of the composite materials were studied. The IL induced the formation of a porous surface independently of the processing conditions. Moreover, the [Emim][TFSI] dopant and the post-thermal treatments at 70 °C promoted an increase of the degree of crystallinity of the samples. No significant changes were observed in the degree of crystallinity and Young Modulus for samples with thermal treatment between 70 and 140 °C. The viability of the developed high ionic conductive blends for applications as soft actuators was evaluated. A maximum displacement of 1.7 mm was achieved with the PLLA/[Emim][TFSI] composite prepared at 50 °C and thermally treated at 140 °C, for an applied voltage of 10 Vpp, at a frequency of 100 mHz. This work highlights interesting avenues for the use of PLLA in the field of actuators.
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100
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Manikandan M, Rajagopalan P, Patra N, Jayachandran S, Muralidharan M, Mani Prabu SS, Palani IA, Singh V. Development of Sn-doped ZnO based ecofriendly piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:185401. [PMID: 31935698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6b9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have a demonstrated zinc oxide (ZnO) polymer-based ecofriendly piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) on a paper substrate for an energy harvesting application. The ZnO thin film is developed on the paper substrate, where different doping concentrations of Sn have been investigated systematically to validate the effect of doping towards enhancing the device performance. The piezoelectric potential of the fabricated device is evaluated by applying three different loads (4 N, 8 N, 22 N), where the source of the corresponding mechanical loads is based on the object of a musical drum stick. The results suggest that the pristine ZnO PENG device can generate a maximum output voltage and current of 2.15 V and 17 nA respectively. Moreover, the ZnO PENG device doped with 2.5% Sn achieved an even higher voltage (4.15 V) and current (36 nA) compared to pristine ZnO devices. In addition, the hydrothermal growth technique used to develop Sn-doped ZnO has the benefits of high scalability and low cost. Hence, the Sn-doped PENG device is a suitable candidate for energy harvesting applications operating in both uniform and non-uniform loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manikandan
- Mechatronics and Instrumentation Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
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