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Boosted ammonium production by single cobalt atom catalysts with high Faradic efficiencies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123450119. [PMID: 35858301 PMCID: PMC9303948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123450119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient n = O bond activation is crucial for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen compounds, which is highly affected by the construction of active centers. In this study, n = O bond activation was achieved by a single-atom catalyst (SAC) with phosphorus anchored on a Co active center to form intermediate N-species for further hydrogenation and reduction. Unique phosphorus-doped discontinuous active sites exhibit better n = O activation performance than conventional N-cooperated single-atom sites, with a high Faradic efficiency of 92.0% and a maximum ammonia yield rate of 433.3 μg NH4·h-1·cm-2. This approach of constructing environmental sites through heteroatom modification significantly improves atom efficiency and will guide the design of future functional SACs with wide-ranging applications.
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Kiki C, Ye X, Li X, Adyari B, Hu A, Qin D, Yu CP, Sun Q. Continuous antibiotic attenuation in algal membrane photobioreactor: Performance and kinetics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128910. [PMID: 35452987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The attenuation of 10 mixed antibiotics along with nutrients in a continuous flow mode by four freshwater microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis, Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Chlorella vulgaris) was examined in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs). At lab-scale, consistent removal of both antibiotic and nutrient was shown by H. pluvialis and S. quadricauda, respectively. The system exhibited better performance with enhanced removal at HRT 24 h compared to 12 h and 48 h. The highest removal efficiency of antibiotics was observed in H. pluvialis MPBR, with the mean antibiotic removal values of 53.57%- 96.33%. Biodegradation was the major removal pathway of the antibiotics in the algal-MPBR (AMPBR), while removal by bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, membrane rejection, and abiotic was minor. Then, the bacterial feature was studied and showed significant influence from system hydrodynamics. The kinetics of continuous flow antibiotic removal followed Stover-Kincannon and Grau second-order models, which revealed great potential of AMPBR to withstand antibiotic load. The latter coupled with the computational fluid dynamic simulation was successfully applied for the residual antibiotic prediction and potential system optimization. Overall, these results provide an important reference for continuous flow antibiotic removal using AMPBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China; National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Xin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, Taiwan University, Taipei 106
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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53
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Su H, Zou R, Zhang X, Liang Z, Ye R, Liu Y. Exploring the type and strength of nonlinearity in water quality responses to nutrient loading reduction in shallow eutrophic water bodies: Insights from a large number of numerical simulations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:115000. [PMID: 35390659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the load of nutrients is essential to improve water quality while water quality may not respond to the load reduction in a linear way. Despite nonlinear water quality responses being widely mentioned by studies, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment on the extent and type of nonlinear responses considering the seasonal changes. This study aimed to measure the strength of nonlinearity of theoretically possible water quality responses and explore their potential types in shallow eutrophic water bodies. Hereto, we generated 14,710 numerical water body cases that describe the water quality processes using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) and applied eight load reduction scenarios on each water body case. Inflows are simplified from Lake Dianchi. The climate conditions consider three cases: Lake Dianchi, Wissahickon Creek, and Famosa Slough. We then developed a nonlinearity strength indicator to quantify the strength and frequency of nonlinear water quality responses. Based on the quantification of nonlinearity, we clustered all the samples of water quality responses using K-Means, an unsupervised Machine Learning algorithm, to find the potential types of nonlinear water quality responses for TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), and Chla (chlorophyll a). Results show linear or near-linear response types account for 90%, 69%, and 20% of TN, TP, and Chla samples respectively. TP and Chla could perform more types of nonlinearity. Representative nonlinear water quality responses include disproportional improvement, peak change (disappear, move forwards or afterward), and seasonal deterioration of TN after load reduction. This study would contribute to the current understanding of nonlinear water quality responses to load reduction and provide a basis to study under which conditions the nonlinear responses may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Multidisciplinary Water Management Group, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500AE, the Netherlands; Rays Computational Intelligence Lab, Beijing Inteliway Environmental Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Rays Computational Intelligence Lab, Beijing Inteliway Environmental Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Rays Computational Intelligence Lab, Beijing Inteliway Environmental Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhongyao Liang
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16803, USA
| | - Rui Ye
- Nanjing Smart Water Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210012, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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54
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Han W, Du Y, Xiang C, Liu Y, Chang J, Ge Y. Species identity but not richness affects effluent nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations and the ratios in floating-constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48748-48758. [PMID: 35201575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient ratio in wastewater discharge has a variety of ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Plant species richness and identity (the presence of certain species in the community) affected the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) removal efficiencies in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the effects on the ratios of N/P/K are still unknown. This study conducted microcosms simulating floating CWs to explore the effects on these nutrient removal efficiencies and ratios. Results showed that (1) the presence of Canna indica decreased but the presence of Arundo donax increased effluent P and K concentrations, plant richness had no effect on effluent nutrients concentrations; (2) plant species richness only decreased the effluent P:K ratio but no effect on other effluent nutrient ratios; (3) the presence of C. indica increased but the presence of A. donax decreased effluent N:P and N:K ratios; (4) the presence of C. indica increased plant N, P, K pools through increasing plant biomass but the presence of A. donax decreased plant N, P, K pools through decreasing plant biomass. Overall, species identity surpassed species richness in affecting effluent nutrient concentrations and ratios. Assembling proper species composition could decrease effluent P and K concentrations and regulate effluent N/P/K ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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55
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Liu X, Li Y, Shen R, Zhang M, Chen F. Reducing nutrient increases diatom biomass in a subtropical eutrophic lake, China-Do the ammonium concentration and nitrate to ammonium ratio play a role? WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118493. [PMID: 35489153 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Response of aquatic organisms to eutrophication have been well reported, while less studies are available for the recovery of eutrophic lakes following a reduction in the external loading, especially for systems where nitrogen is reduced but the phosphorus concentration is maintained high due to internal loading. Diatoms are nitrate (NO3-N) opportunists but can also use ammonium (NH4-N). They may, therefore, be more sensitive to nitrogen reduction than other algae that typically prefer NH4-N. We document the variations of nutrients and diatoms in subtropical, eutrophic Lake Taihu over 28 yr during which a reduction of the external loading resulted from lake management. According to the results of change point analysis, data on environmental variables were divided into two periods (P1: 1992-2006; P2: 2007-2019) with two different seasons (WS: Winter-Spring; SA: Summer-Autumn), respectively. Compared with P1-WS, the concentration of NH4-N decreased significantly whereas NO3-N showed no significant change in P2-WS. In contrast, NH4-N concentrations were low and showed no significant changes in P1-SA and P2-SA and NO3-N decreased significantly in the latter period. Accordingly, NO3-N: NH4-N mass ratios in P1-SA and P2-WS were all significantly higher than those in P2-SA and P1-WS, respectively. The biomass of WS diatom increased significantly and the timing of the peak biomass shifted from P1-SA to P2-WS since 2007. The SEM analysis showed that NO3-N was retained as a statistically significant predictor for diatom biomass in P1-SA and significant effects of windspeed, zooplankton and NH4-N on diatom biomass in P2-WS. Windspeed and zooplankton have further changed the biomass of diatoms in the case of declining inorganic nitrogen. We conclude that the magnitude of vernal suppression or stimulation of diatom assemblages has increased, concomitant with the variations of NH4-N and NO3-N: NH4-N mass ratios. Diatoms response to NH4-N or NO3-N is apparently changing in response to water temperature in this eutrophic shallow lake. Thus, parallel reductions in external nitrogen loading, along with variations in dominant inorganic nitrogen, will stimulate the growth of diatom and therefore increase the total biomass of phytoplankton in still high internal phosphorus loading, which is should be regarded as a good sign of restoration measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Feizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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56
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Batch and Column Adsorption of Phosphorus by Modified Montmorillonite. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus pollutants are a crucial component of water eutrophication. In this study, montmorillonite modified by Keggin Al13 and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (Al13-O-MMt) was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from solutions and thus simulate the practice of a field trial, such as in wastewater. The ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method was used to determine the concentrations of phosphorus in samples. In the batch experiment, phosphorus was adsorbed by original montmorillonite (MMt) and Al13-O-MMt at various pH values (6–9) to identify the effect of pH during the adsorption process. The batch adsorption results demonstrate that Al13-O-MMt can adsorb up to 93% of phosphorus at pH = 8. Six graduated amounts (0.01–0.25 g) of montmorillonite were tested at three different temperatures to determine the most suitable temperature and the minimum dosage of Al13-O-MMt needed for the adsorption of 200 mg/L phosphorus in a 30 mL solution, which was 0.1 g at 25 °C. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of Al13-O-MMt was found to be 60 mg/g. Subsequently, a column experiment was conducted. The results showed that the optimized dosage of Al13-O-MMt was 6.667 g for phosphorus adsorption with a concentration of 200 mg/L in 2000 mL solution, and the breakthrough time was 4794.67 min.
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57
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Zhang Y, Huo Y, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Fan W, Wang X, Huo M. Deciphering the influence of multiple anthropogenic inputs on taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities in Yitong River, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39973-39984. [PMID: 35112248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We conducted the analysis of physicochemical parameters, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to explore the impact of human inputs on the bacterioplankton communities within a tributary of the largest river flowing through a megacity in northeast China. Agriculture largely accounted for the alteration of diversity and functions of the microbial communities. Furthermore, nitrate and total phosphorus declined at the reservoir outlet. The WWTP effluent discharge caused a decrease of the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, while the impact on the variation of alpha diversity of river microbial community was slight. Carbon fixation and nitrogen cycle varied with the change of land use type. The rare taxa contributed with a predominant role in the response to environmental variables and NH3-N as well as NO3--N were the main environmental factors that drove the shift in the bacterial community. The occurrence of the human-specific fecal indicator was mostly derived from agriculture, and its increase in relative abundance was observed in the WWTP effluent. Thus, our study provides guidance for ecological assessment and management of rivers by revealing the response pattern of river bacterioplankton to multiple types of anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yang Huo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Suiyi Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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58
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Tong Y, Qi M, Sun P, Qin W, Zhu Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Zhang W, Yang J. Estimation of Unintended Treated Wastewater Contributions to Streams in the Yangtze River Basin and the Potential Human Health and Ecological Risk Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5590-5601. [PMID: 35427135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Clean water and sanitation" is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. One primary objective of wastewater treatment is to remove contaminants such as pathogens, nutrient, and organic matter from wastewater, while not all contaminants could be removed effectively. Wastewater treatment plants would inevitably represent concentrated point sources of residual contaminant loadings into surface waters. This study focuses on the populated Yangtze River Basin where emerging contaminants are frequently detected in the rivers in the recent years. A python-based ArcGIS model is developed to estimate the contributions of effluent discharges in water supply sources and quantify fate and environmental risks of human-derived contaminants in the river network. We find that one-third of the river networks are potentially influenced by the effluents through local or upstream inputs. Average fraction of unintended wastewater reuse in water supply intakes is estimated to be lower than 3% under the average flow scenario with an average traveling time of 0.05 day from the nearest effluent input site to water supply intakes. However, under low flow scenario, the percentage of effluent discharge would increase largely, leading to substantial increases in human health and ecological risks. This study provides a systematic investigation to understand extents of impacts of effluent inputs in river networks as well as identify the opportunities to improve the water management in the densely populated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wanxiao Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanxue Xu
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
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59
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Shao B, Zhang R, Xu X, Niu L, Fan K, Lin Z, Zhao L, Zhou X, Ren N, Lee DJ, Chen C. Cryptic Sulfur and Oxygen Cycling Potentially Reduces N 2O-Driven Greenhouse Warming: Underlying Revision Need of the Nitrogen Cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5960-5972. [PMID: 35416037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global deoxygenation has widely formed oxygen-limited biotopes, altering the metabolic pathways of numerous microbes and causing a large greenhouse effect of nitrous oxide (N2O). Although there are many sources of N2O, denitrification is the sole sink that removes N2O from the biosphere, and the low-level oxygen in waters has been classically thought to be the key factor regulating N2O emissions from incomplete denitrification. However, through microcosm incubations with sandy sediment, we demonstrate here for the first time that the stress from oxygenated environments does not suppress, but rather boosts the complete denitrification process when the sulfur cycle is actively ongoing. This study highlights the potential of reducing N2O-driven greenhouse warming and fills a gap in pre-cognitions on the nitrogen cycle, which may impact our current understanding of greenhouse gas sinks. Combining molecular techniques and kinetic verification, we reveal that dominant inhibitions in oxygen-limited environments can interestingly undergo triple detoxification by cryptic sulfur and oxygen cycling, which may extensively occur in nature but have been long neglected by researchers. Furthermore, reviewing the present data and observations from natural and artificial ecosystems leads to the necessary revision needs of the global nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhengda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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60
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VanMensel D, Droppo IG, Weisener CG. Identifying chemolithotrophic and pathogenic-related gene expression within suspended sediment flocs in freshwater environments: A metatranscriptomic assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150996. [PMID: 34656597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction and proliferation of pathogenic organisms in aquatic systems is a serious global issue that consequently leads to economic, financial, and health concerns. Health and safety related to recreational water use is typically monitored through water quality assessments that are outdated and can be misleading. These traditional methods focus on broad taxa groups, provide no insight into the active community or source of contamination, and the sediment compartments (bed and suspended) are often overlooked. To bridge this knowledge gap, our study aimed to 1) examine the metatranscriptome of the microbial community associated with suspended sediment (SS) in freshwater systems; 2) explore the influence of SS in tributaries to the littoral zone of the receiving lake; and 3) compare the SS fraction with previously reported nearshore bed sediment data. Samples were collected seasonally from Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie. Beaches in this region are influenced by both agriculture runoff and continued urban expansion. Results show that both adjacent tributary and beach SS have similar microbial functional diversity and are strongly correlated by site and season. We identified expression of transcripts encoding sequences with similarities to genes involved in nine bacterial infectious disease pathways, including legionellosis (sdhA) and Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. According to MG-RAST gene categories, lake samples typically showed higher overall expression (p < 0.05) of transcripts with similarities to genes involved in infectious disease pathways compared to the tributaries, with summer upregulated (p < 0.05) compared to fall. Our data suggests SS acts as a strong vector for pathogen transport, making this facet an important area for further research as it pertains to human health regarding recreational water use. To our knowledge, this work is the first to investigate SS in aquatic microbial communities using metatranscriptomic analyses and has significant potential to help address growing issues of microbial contamination impacting freshwater security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle VanMensel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Ian G Droppo
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Christopher G Weisener
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Wang M, Janssen ABG, Bazin J, Strokal M, Ma L, Kroeze C. Accounting for interactions between Sustainable Development Goals is essential for water pollution control in China. Nat Commun 2022; 13:730. [PMID: 35136079 PMCID: PMC8826988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the United Nations' (UN's) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become a worldwide mission. How these SDGs interrelate, however, is not well known. We assess the interactions between SDGs for the case of water pollution by nutrients in China. The results show 319 interactions between SDGs for clean water (SDGs 6 and 14) and other SDGs, of which 286 are positive (synergies) and 33 are negative (tradeoffs) interactions. We analyze six scenarios in China accounting for the cobenefits of water pollution control using a large-scale water quality model. We consider scenarios that benefit from synergies and avoid tradeoffs. Our results show that effective pollution control requires accounting for the interactions between SDGs. For instance, combining improved nutrient management, efficient food consumption, and climate mitigation is effective for simultaneously meeting SDGs 6 and 14 as well as other SDGs for food, cities and climate. Our study serves as an example of assessing SDG interactions in environmental policies in China as well as in other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Annette B G Janssen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Bazin
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Holopainen S, Lehikoinen A. Role of forest ditching and agriculture on water quality: Connecting the long-term physico-chemical subsurface state of lakes with landscape and habitat structure information. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151477. [PMID: 34742977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic pressures have affected the status of surface freshwater ecosystems. Eutrophication, water browning, acidification, and several other processes may be channelled through the food web. In this study, we evaluate the role of hydrology impacting anthropogenic pressures, flows from urban, farmland and ditched forest areas, and how they explain the physico-chemical quality of lakes and ponds in the boreal biome of Finland. We study the long-term effect around 445 waterfowl survey sites that had physico-chemical measurements (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, water clarity and colour) produced by Finnish environmental authorities done in years 1986-2020. Furthermore, we investigate whether a long-term national-level citizen science study focusing on rather robust visible habitat structures measured by the volunteers can reveal physico-chemical water quality using data from >270 lakes where the waterfowl habitat survey and physico-chemical measurements could be spatio-temporally matched. Farmland occurrence around the lakes was positively associated with pH, colour and nutrient concentrations but negatively associated with water clarity. Furthermore, ditch length was positively associated with nitrogen concentration and water colour, while being negatively associated with pH and water clarity. Overall, the studied lakes showed a negative trend in nutrients and clarity but a positive trend in pH and colour. As expected, nutrient concentration increased and clarity decreased along the gradient from oligotrophic to eutrophic lake habitat classifications, which suggests that the citizen science classification seem to reflect the subsurface physico-chemical status of the lakes. We conclude that farming and forest ditching practices in particular seem to associate with the state of the study lakes and that the ecological impacts of intensified turbidity and brownification in wetland ecosystems should be studied further in the future. Sustainable improvement of water quality rests upon scientific understanding of biogeochemical processes in lake ecosystems and the primary sources of the nutrient and sediment loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Holopainen
- LUOMUS - Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aleksi Lehikoinen
- LUOMUS - Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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63
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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64
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Chen X, Wang Y, Bai Z, Ma L, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Chen X, Zhang F, Shi X. Mitigating phosphorus pollution from detergents in the surface waters of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150125. [PMID: 34520912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) from detergents contributes to water pollution and eutrophication. Understanding the impacts of detergent use on P inputs to surface waters and their main drivers is vital for supporting Sustainable Development Goals on clean water. This study aims to quantify past and future trends in P inputs to surface waters from detergent use in China. We modify the Model to Assess River Input of Nutrient to seAs (MARINA) model to assess the effects of past policies and explore options for the future on mitigating detergents P losses in China. The total consumption of detergents tripled from 2000 to 2018. However, P inputs to surface waters from detergent use decreased by 35% during these years. Although P losses vary across regions, most losses occurred in rural areas. Clearly, the P-free detergent policy which was initiated in the year 2000 has been effective. Without this policy, the detergent P losses would likely have increased fourfold during 2000-2018. In the future, detergent P inputs to surface waters in China may be further reduced to very low levels (95% reduction relative to 2018) by a combination of completely P-free detergents, an increasing urbanized population connected to sewage systems, and improving P removal in sewage treatment systems. Our results enhance the understanding of P pollution in surface waters from detergents and, illustrate the effectiveness of measures to control detergent P losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yating Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China.
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65
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Fu H, Chen L, Ge Y, Wu A, Liu H, Li W, Yuan G, Jeppesen E. Linking human activities and global climatic oscillation to phytoplankton dynamics in a subtropical lake. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117866. [PMID: 34800853 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change are two major stressors affecting lake ecosystems as well as phytoplankton communities worldwide. However, how the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton are directly or indirectly linked to anthropogenic activities and climatic oscillation remains unclear. We assessed the annual trends (1988-2018) in phytoplankton abundance (PA) in Lake Dongting, China and related it to five groups of variables characterizing human activities, global climate oscillation, water nutrients, hydrology, and meteorology. We found a significant increase in PA, urbanization (Upop), total nitrogen (TN), fertilizer application (FA), number of summer days (SU), and the warm speed duration index (WSDI) and a significant decrease in the water discharge of three inlets (TIWD) and the sediment discharge of three inlets (TISD) and four tributaries (FTSD) and the net sediment deposition (NSD). However, no significant annual trends were observed for the number of rainstorm days (R50mm), the simple precipitation intensity index (SDII) and yearly anomalies of El Niño-Southern oscillation events (ENSOi). Cross-correlation Function analyses demonstrated that the operation of the Three George Dam (TGD) strengthened the effects of hydrology, rainfall patterns and ENSOi on phytoplankton, but strongly weakened the association between water nutrients, human activities and phytoplankton abundance. Path analysis revealed that TP, TN, FA, R50 mm as well as WSDI had a direct positive effect on PA, while a direct negative effect was found for ENSOi, NSD and TISD. Human activities (Upop and FA), warming (WSDI and SU), and rainfall patterns (SDII and R50 mm) exerted indirect controls on phytoplankton through changes in water nutrients and hydrology. Climate change (ENSOi) had a direct effect on PA, but also showed twelve indirect pathways via changes in hydrology and meteorology (both positive and negative effects were found). Overall, meteorology contributed most markedly to the variations of PA (29.3%), followed by hydrology (25.3%), human activities (24%), water nutrients (10.5%), and ENSOi (1.9%). Our results highlight a strongly causal connection between human activities as well as global climate change and phytoplankton and the benefits of considering multiple environmental drivers in determining the temporal dynamics of lake biotic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Lidan Chen
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yili Ge
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Huanyao Liu
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China
| | - Guixiang Yuan
- Department of Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environments, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1#, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin 33731, Turkey
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66
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Deng J, Zhu G, Liu J, Hamilton DP, Paerl HW, Brookes JD, Wu T, Peng K, Yao Y, Ding K, Ji X. Polluted lake restoration to promote sustainability in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab207. [PMID: 35070333 PMCID: PMC8776540 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
China has made a concerted effort to successfully improve water quality of rivers, but lake water quality has not improved. Lakes require controls on both catchment external nutrient loads and in-lake internal loads, where nature-based solutions are coupled with engineered systems to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Institute Co. Ltd., China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- College of the Environment, Hohai University, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC), China
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67
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Xu H, Qin B, Paerl HW, Peng K, Zhang Q, Zhu G, Zhang Y. Environmental controls of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in Chinese inland waters. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 110:102127. [PMID: 34887007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) are expanding world-wide, adversely affecting aquatic food production, recreational and tourism activities and safe drinking water supplies. China's inland waters have been increasingly threatened by CyanoHABs during the past several decades. The environmental factors controlling CyanoHABs are highly variable in space and time in China due to significant variations in climate, geography, geological and geochemical conditions among its many regions. Here, we synthesize diverse examples among Chinese water bodies regarding interactive effects of anthropogenic, climatic and geographic drivers influencing CyanoHAB potentials and dynamics in lakes and reservoirs; in order to provide a perspective and integrative approach to mitigating CyanoHABs. In China's many shallow water bodies, water quality is highly susceptible to human activity and to changing climatic and hydrological conditions, when compared to deeper lakes. Rapid increases in population, economic activity, and wastewater have accelerated CyanoHABs in China since 1980s, especially in the heavily urbanized, agricultural and industrial regions in the middle and lower Yangtze River basins. Climatic changes have provided an additional catalyst for expansion of CyanoHABs. In particular, rising spring temperatures have accelerated the onset and proliferation of Microcystis spp, blooms in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River basin. Large hydroelectric and water supply projects, like the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), have altered hydrological regimes, and have led to an increase of CyanoHABs in reservoirs and tributaries due to increases in water residence times. Manipulating water level fluctuations in the TGR may prove useful for controlling CyanoHAB in its tributary bays. Overall,CyanoHAB mitigation strategies will have to incorporate both N and P input reductions in these shallow systems. Furthermore, nutrient reduction strategies must consider climate change-induced increases in extreme weather events, including more intense rainfall and protracted heat waves and droughts, which can extend the magnitudes and duration of CyanoHABs. Ensuring the maintenance of natural hydrologic connectivity between lakes and rivers is of utmost importance in mitigating CyanoHABs throughout China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Kai Peng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qingji Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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68
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Liu Y, Jiang Q, Sun Y, Jian Y, Zhou F. Decline in nitrogen concentrations of eutrophic Lake Dianchi associated with policy interventions during 2002-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117826. [PMID: 34329052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nutrient discharges have resulted in pervasive water pollution and aquatic eutrophication. China has made massive efforts to improve water quality since 2000. However, how long-term policy interventions govern external and internal fluxes as well as nitrogen (N) concentrations is not well known. Here we examined the historical N concentration change and its key drivers in eutrophic Lake Dianchi (southwest China) over the period 2002-2018, based on monthly observations of water quality and external N fluxes, local surveys of mitigation measures, and process-based model simulations of internal N fluxes. Our data indicated that N concentrations peaked at 3.0 mg L-1 in 2007-2010 but afterwards declined down to 1.2 mg L-1 in 2018. Compared with 2010, the decline in lake N concentrations was attributed to reduced riverine N inflow decreasing by 0.20 g N m-3 month-1 and the water-sediment exchange flux decreasing by 0.07 g N m-3 month-1 from 2010 to 2018. Adoptions of wastewater treatment, pollution interception, and transboundary water transfer dominated the changes in external and internal fluxes of N and thereby the decline of lake N concentrations. These findings underscore the priority of reducing external discharge for historical lake water quality improvement and the need of enhancing internal N removal for future lake ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yanxin Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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69
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Wang G, Xia X, Liu S, Wang J, Zhang S. Low diffusive nitrogen loss of urban inland waters with high nitrogen loading. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148023. [PMID: 34323840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the exchange of gaseous nitrogen (N2) with the atmosphere from urban inland waters, which are characterized by low carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios and low nitrogen-to‑phosphorus ratios. Here, we studied diffusive nitrogen loss based on the measurement of dissolved N2 concentrations and related gene abundance of N2 production and fixation in rivers and lakes in the megacity of Beijing, China, between 2018 and 2020. The excess dissolved N2 (△N2) ranged from -51.2 to 56.8 μmol L-1 (average - 0.03 ± 13.8 μmol L-1), and approximately 43% of the river samples and 72% of the lake samples being undersaturated with N2, suggesting that the lakes mainly acted as a role of N2 sink. The N2 removal fraction (△N2/DIN, average 3.5 ± 4.3%) at the sites of rivers with positive △N2 was lower than that in other rivers around the world. The average N2 flux (0.8 ± 23.9 mmol m-2 d-1) in the urban rivers was also lower than that in other rivers. The low carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios in Beijing inland waters are not beneficial for N2 production during denitrification, and low nitrogen-to‑phosphorus ratios potentially favor N2 fixation with a high abundance of the nitrogenase nifH gene in the sediment, resulting in low net N2 production. The traditional paradigm is that rivers constantly lose vast N to the atmosphere via denitrification and anammox, but this study indicates that urban inland rivers emit negligible N even under high nitrogen loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shaoda Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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70
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Janssen ABG, Droppers B, Kong X, Teurlincx S, Tong Y, Kroeze C. Characterizing 19 thousand Chinese lakes, ponds and reservoirs by morphometric, climate and sediment characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117427. [PMID: 34298277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese lakes, including ponds and reservoirs, are increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Yet, each lake is unique, leading to large inter-lake variation in lake vulnerability to algal blooms. Here, we aim to assess the effects of unique lake characteristics on lake vulnerability to algal blooms. To this end, we built a novel and comprehensive database of lake morphometric, climate and sediment characteristics of 19,536 Chinese lakes, including ponds and reservoirs (>0.1 km2). We assessed lake characteristics for nine stratification classes and show that lakes, including ponds and reservoirs, in eastern China typically have a warm stratification class (Tavg>4 °C) and are slightly deeper than those in western China. Model results for representative lakes suggest that the most vulnerable lakes to algal blooms are in eastern China where pollution levels are also highest. Our characterization provides an important baseline to inform policymakers in what regions lakes are potentially most vulnerable to algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette B G Janssen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bram Droppers
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Lake Research, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30000, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on S and N-codoped carbon for efficient electrochemical denitrification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105628118. [PMID: 34385320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105628118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate, a widespread contaminant in natural water, is a threat to ecological safety and human health. Although direct nitrate removal by electrochemical methods is efficient, the development of low-cost electrocatalysts with high reactivity remains challenging. Herein, bifunctional single-atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared with Cu or Fe active centers on an N-doped or S, N-codoped carbon basal plane for N2 or NH4 + production. The maximum nitrate removal capacity was 7,822 mg N ⋅ g-1 Fe, which was the highest among previous studies. A high ammonia Faradic efficiency (78.4%) was achieved at a low potential (-0.57 versus reversible hydrogen electrode), and the nitrogen selectivity was 100% on S-modified Fe SACs. Theoretical and experimental investigations of the S-doping charge-transfer effect revealed that strong metal-support interactions were beneficial for anchoring single atoms and enhancing cyclability. S-doping altered the coordination environment of single-atom centers and created numerous defects with higher conductivity, which played a key role in improving the catalyst activity. Moreover, interactions between defects and single-atom sites improved the catalytic performance. Thus, these findings offer an avenue for high active SAC design.
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72
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Tao H, Song K, Liu G, Wen Z, Wang Q, Du Y, Lyu L, Du J, Shang Y. Songhua River basin's improving water quality since 2005 based on Landsat observation of water clarity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111299. [PMID: 33984309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water clarity, denoted by the Secchi disk depth (SDD), is one of the most important indicators for monitoring water quality. In the Songhua River basin (SHRB), few studies have used Landsat to monitor long-term (3-4 decades) changes in lake SDD and explore the impact of natural and human factors on SDD interannual variation at the watershed scale. Lakes in the SHRB are of great significance to local populations. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of SDD could help policymakers manage, protect, and predict lake water quality. We utilized the Landsat red/blue band ratio in the Google Earth Engine to estimate the SDD of 77 lakes and generated annual mean SDD maps from 1990 to 2018. The results of the SDD interannual changes showed that the water quality in the SHRB has improved since 2005. Specifically, the SDD in the SHRB displayed a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05) from 0.29 m in 2005 to 0.37 m in 2018. Moreover, the number of lakes displaying a significant increasing trend for SDD increased from 18 between 1990 and 2005 to 31 between 2005 and 2018. We also found that use of chemical fertilizer significantly impacted lakes, followed by wastewater discharge and normalized difference vegetation index. Improvements in the quantity and ability of wastewater discharge treatment and increased vegetation cover have alleviated water pollution; however, the non-point pollution of agriculture still poses a threat to some lakes in the SHRB. Therefore, more efforts should be made to further improve the aquatic ecological environment of SHRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yunxia Du
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Jia Du
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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73
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Bing H, Peng J, Dong F, Gao J, Arhonditsis GB. Characterizing the river water quality in China: Recent progress and on-going challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117309. [PMID: 34116294 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Food production systems, urbanization, and other anthropogenic activities dramatically alter natural hydrological and nutrient cycles, and are primarily responsible for water quality impairments in China's rivers. This study compiled a 16-year (2003-2018) dataset of river water quality (161,337 records from 2424 sites), watershed/landscape features, and meteorological conditions to investigate the spatial water quality patterns and underlying drivers of river impairment (defined as water quality worse than Class V according to China's Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Waters, GB3838-2002) at a national scale. Our analysis provided evidence of a distinct water quality improvement with a gradual decrease in the frequency of prevalence of anoxic conditions, an alleviation of the severity of heavy metal pollution, whereas the cultural eutrophication has only been moderately mitigated between 2003 and 2018. We also identified significant spatial variation with relatively poorer water quality in eastern China, where 17.2% of the sampling sites registered poor water quality conditions, compared with only 4.6% in western China. Total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) are collectively responsible for >85% of the identified incidences of impaired conditions. Bayesian modelling was used to delineate the most significant covariates of TP/NH3-N riverine levels in six large river basins (Liao, Hai, Yellow, Yangtze, Huai, and Pearl). Water quality impairments are predominantly shaped by anthropogenic drivers (82.5% for TP, 79.5% for NH3-N), whereas natural factors appear to play a secondary role (20.5% for TP, 17.5% for NH3-N). Two indicator variables of urbanization (urban areal extent and nighttime light intensity) and farmland areal extent were the strongest predictors of riverine TP/NH3-N levels and collectively accounted for most of the ambient nutrient variability. We concluded that there is still a long way to go in order to eradicate eutrophication and realize acceptable ecological conditions. The design of the remedial measures must be tailored to the site-specific landscape characteristics, meteorological conditions, and should also consider the increasing importance of non-point source pollution and internal nutrient loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, 8(B) Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Feifei Dong
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - George B Arhonditsis
- Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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74
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Zhu C, Zhu B, Gu X, Li M, Ji R, Zhou Q. Technology and Concept of Wastewater Treatment: Differences Between the Rhine Basin and the Yangtze Basin. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:1059-1064. [PMID: 33963875 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on field visits and literature research, the situations of several typical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Rhine basin and the Yangtze basin were investigated, to compare the technology and concept of wastewater treatment in these two areas. Our results showed that WWTPs in the Rhine performed well in pollutant removal, and have shifted their focus to energy production and nutrient recovery; While in the Yangtze basin, most WWTPs still operate on the sole concept of pollution treatment. Though China's WWTPs attach importance to water reclamation, the related technologies are still under development. In years to come, the construction of New Concept WWTPs is expected by Chinese famous experts, to integrate sustainable wastewater treatment and energy/nutrient recovery. To better plan its future avenue in wastewater treatment, China is suggested to learn from the successful practice of energy production and nutrient recovery of WWTPs in the Rhine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Boyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China.
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75
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Dey I, Banerjee S, Bose R, Pal R. Spatiotemporal variations in the composition of algal mats in wastewater treatment ponds of tannery industry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:359. [PMID: 34037860 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater Treatment Pond (WTP) is an effective remediation technology for economically developing nations. Although it's excessive organic and nutrient loads with higher water logging time triggers mixed and unprofitable microalgal mats. This may serve as a seeding source for Cyanobacterial bloom in receiving waterbodies. Since, to maintain the growth of desirable algal species in WTPs, understanding towards environmental regulation and algal mat composition is important, especially for tropical countries, like India. In this study, biological treatment pond (BTP) and outlet pond (OP), of a tannery effluent treatment plant in eastern coast of India, were chosen for surveying the algal community composition concerning ecological parameters. Nearly, both the ponds were polluted, but the diversity was lower in BTP due to its elevated nutrient content (Ammonia 173 mg L-1) and higher persistent organic matters (COD 301.7 mg L-1) than OP. Using canonical correspondence analysis, seasonal variations showed higher species abundance during early summer compared to other seasons. A total of 37 taxa forming thick algal mats were recorded. The matrix of mats was mainly composed of Cyanobacterial members such as Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Spirulina, and Pseudanabaena, followed by diatoms, especially Amphora and Nitzschia. Diatoms commonly occurred as embedded component in the entangled matrix of blue-green algal filaments. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to group all these taxa based on their seasonal appearance and abundance. This year-long intensive study revealing seasonal algal mat composition patterns in these WTPs will ultimately safeguard the livelihood and security of adjoining localities through proper site-specific pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dey
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreemanti Banerjee
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Bose
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ruma Pal
- Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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76
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Li Y, Shang J, Zhang C, Zhang W, Niu L, Wang L, Zhang H. The role of freshwater eutrophication in greenhouse gas emissions: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144582. [PMID: 33736331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) have long received public attention because they affect the Earth's climate by producing the greenhouse effect. Freshwaters are an important source of GHGs, and the enhancement in their eutrophic status affects GHG emissions. Along with the increasing eutrophication of water bodies, the relevant quantitative and qualitative studies of the effects of freshwater eutrophication on GHG emissions have made substantial progress, particularly in the past 5 years. However, to our knowledge, this is the first critical review to focus on the role of freshwater eutrophication in GHG emissions. In this review, the emissions of common GHGs from freshwater are quantitatively described. Importantly, direct (i.e., dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, and nutrients) and indirect factors (i.e., dominant primary producer and algal blooms) affecting GHG emissions from eutrophic freshwater are systematically analyzed. In particular, the existence and significance of feedback loops between freshwater eutrophication and GHG emissions are emphasized considering the difficulties managing freshwater ecosystems and the Earth's climate. Finally, several future research directions as well as mitigation measures are described to provide useful insight into the dynamics and control of GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jiahui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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77
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Mao Y, Zhang H, Tang W, Zhao J, Wang Z, Fan A. Net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in Pearl River Delta region (2008-2016). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 282:111952. [PMID: 33461089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excess inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the main contributors of aquatic environmental deterioration. Due to the agricultural and industrial activities in the rapidly urbanized basin, the anthropogenic N and P cycle are significantly different from other regions. In this study, we took the Pearl River Delta as an example and introduced the budget list of N and P in the five survey years, including the net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI) and net anthropogenic P inputs (NAPI). The results revealed that the intensities of NANI and NAPI in this area increased from 2008 to 2010 and then decreased after 2010. The peak values were 21001 kg N km-2yr-1 and 4515 kg P km-2yr-1 for the intensities of NNAI and NAPI, respectively, while the lowest values decreased to 19186 kg N km-2yr-1 and 4103 kg P km-2yr-1 in 2016. The most important contribution of NANI and NAPI sources in this area were net N and P inputs for human food and animal feed with an average contribution of 61.41% and 76.83%, which indicated that large amounts of N and P were introduced into the environment through the food system. This study expanded the knowledge on regional environmental management from human dietary consumption, human life consumption, animal consumption and fertilizer consumption. Its reuse will be put into practice by understanding the driving factors of N and P inputs in each region of the basin, combining the urbanization characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Aoxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China; College of the Environment, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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78
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Setting the Phosphorus Boundaries for Greek Natural Shallow and Deep Lakes for Water Framework Directive Compliance. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication caused by nutrient enrichment is a predominant stressor leading to lake degradation and, thus, the set-up of boundaries that support good ecological status, the Water Framework Directive’s main target, is a necessity. Greece is one of the Member States that have recorded delays in complying with the coherent management goals of European legislation. A wide range of different statistical approaches has been proposed in the Best Practice Guide for determining appropriate nutrient thresholds. To determine the nutrient thresholds supporting the good status of natural Greek lakes, the phytoplankton dataset gathered from the national monitoring programme (2015–2020) was used for shallow and deep natural lakes. The regression analyses were sufficient and robust in order to derive total phosphorus thresholds that ranged from 20 to 41 μg/L in shallow and 15–32 μg/L in deep natural lake types. Nutrient boundaries that encompass the stressors these lakes are subject to, are essential in proper lake management design.
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79
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Liu Y, Deng YY, Zhang Q, Liu H. Overview of recent developments of resource recovery from wastewater via electrochemistry-based technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143901. [PMID: 33310303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the rapid increase of the worldwide population, recovering valuable resources from wastewater have attracted more and more attention by governments and academia. Electrochemical technologies have been extensively investigated over the past three decades to purify wastewater. However, the application of these technologies for resource recovery from wastewater has just attracted limited attention. In this review, the recent (2010-2020) electrochemical technologies for resource recovery from wastewater are summarized and discussed for the first time. Fundamentals of typical electrochemical technologies are firstly summarized and analyzed, followed by the specific examples of electrochemical resource recovery technologies for different purposes. Based on the fundamentals of electrochemical reactions and without the addition of chemical agents, metallic ions, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen and chemical compounds can be effectively recovered by means of electrochemical reduction, electrochemical induced precipitation, electrochemical stripping, electrochemical oxidation and membrane-based electrochemical processes, etc. Pros and cons of each electrochemical technology in practical applications are discussed and analyzed. Single-step electrochemical process seems ineffectively to recover valuable resources from the wastewater with complicated constituents. Multiple-step processes or integrated with biological and membrane-based technologies are essential to improve the performance and purity of products. Consequently, this review attempts to offer in-depth insights into the developments of next-generation of electrochemical technologies to minimize energy consumption, boost recovery efficiency and realize the commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Deng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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80
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Maurer L, Villette C, Reiminger N, Jurado X, Laurent J, Nuel M, Mosé R, Wanko A, Heintz D. Distribution and degradation trend of micropollutants in a surface flow treatment wetland revealed by 3D numerical modelling combined with LC-MS/MS. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116672. [PMID: 33285453 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants are not designed to treat micropollutants; thus, for 20 years, several complementary treatment systems, such as surface flow wetlands have been used to address this issue. Previous studies demonstrate that higher residence time and low global velocities promote nutrient removal rates or micropollutant photodegradation. Nevertheless, these studies were restricted to the system limits (inlet/outlet). Therefore, detailed knowledge of water flow is crucial for identifying areas that promote degradation and optimise surface flow wetlands. The present study combines 3D water flow numerical modelling and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Using this numerical model, validated by tracer experimental data, several velocity areas were distinguished in the wetland. Four areas were selected to investigate the waterflow influence and led to the following results: on the one hand, the number and concentration of micropollutants are independent of the waterflow, which could be due to several assumptions, such as the chronic exposure associated with a low Reynolds number; on the other hand, the potential degradation products (metabolites) were also assessed in the sludge to investigate the micropollutant biodegradation processes occurring in the wetland; micropollutant metabolites or degradation products were detected in higher proportions (both number and concentration) in lower flow rate areas. The relation to higher levels of plant and microorganism metabolites suggests higher biological activity that promotes degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Maurer
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Villette
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Reiminger
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France; AIR&D, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Jurado
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France; AIR&D, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Laurent
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maximilien Nuel
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Mosé
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien Wanko
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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81
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Yindong T, Xiwen X, Miao Q, Jingjing S, Yiyan Z, Wei Z, Mengzhu W, Xuejun W, Yang Z. Lake warming intensifies the seasonal pattern of internal nutrient cycling in the eutrophic lake and potential impacts on algal blooms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116570. [PMID: 33137524 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lake warming induced by climate change has constituted a particular challenge for the restoration of eutrophic lakes. However, a quantitative analysis about impacts of lake warming on the internal nutrient cycling in eutrophic lakes is limited. In this study, monthly nutrient monitoring data set in 2015-2016 in eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China, revealed a regular seasonal pattern of nutrient concentration. A process-based water quality model was established to quantify contributions from internal loadings on seasonal nutrient variations and predict responses under climate change scenarios. Results indicated that internal nutrient loading was responsible for the intra-annual variations of nutrient concentrations in the lake, and the internal loadings fluctuated much more between different seasons than the external nutrient inputs. We predicted that lake warming might probably result in stronger seasonal fluctuations of internal loading and create conditions beneficial for longer duration of cyanobacteria blooms in the year. Evidence derived from this study could help water managers to rethink the existing mitigation strategies in the restoration of eutrophic lakes and emphasize the potential interactions among lake warming, eutrophication and internal nutrient cycling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yindong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xu Xiwen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sun Jingjing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhang Yiyan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhang Wei
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wang Mengzhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Xuejun
- MOE Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China.
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82
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Metson GS, MacDonald GK, Leach AM, Compton JE, Harrison JA, Galloway JN. The U.S. consumer phosphorus footprint: where do nitrogen and phosphorus diverge? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2020; 15:1-15. [PMID: 35990174 PMCID: PMC9389546 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aba781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients for food production but their excess use in agriculture can have major social costs, particularly related to water quality degradation. Nutrient footprint approaches estimate N and P release to the environment through food production and waste management and enable linking these emissions to particular consumption patterns. Following an established method for quantifying a consumer-oriented N footprint for the United States (U.S.), we calculate an analogous P footprint and assess the N:P ratio across different stages of food production and consumption. Circa 2012, the average consumer's P footprint was 4.4 kg P capita-1 yr-1 compared to 22.4 kg N capita-1 yr-1 for the food portion of the N footprint. Animal products have the largest contribution to both footprints, comprising >70% of the average per capita N and P footprints. The N:P ratio of environmental release based on virtual nutrient factors (kilograms N or P per kilogram of food consumed) varies considerably across food groups and stages. The overall N:P ratio of the footprints was lower (5.2 by mass) than for that of U.S. food consumption (8.6), reinforcing our finding that P is managed less efficiently than N in food production systems but more efficiently removed from wastewater. While strategies like reducing meat consumption will effectively reduce both N and P footprints by decreasing overall synthetic fertilizer nutrient demands, consideration of how food production and waste treatment differentially affect N and P releases to the environment can also inform eutrophication management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève S Metson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- National Research Council, National Academies of Science, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Allison M Leach
- The Sustainability Institute, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
| | - Jana E Compton
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - John A Harrison
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States of America
| | - James N Galloway
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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83
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Metson GS, Lin J, Harrison JA, Compton JE. Where Have All the Nutrients Gone? Long-Term Decoupling of Inputs and Outputs in the Willamette River Watershed, Oregon, United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2020; 125:1-16. [PMID: 36158138 PMCID: PMC9504559 DOI: 10.1029/2020jg005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Better documentation and understanding of long-term temporal dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in watersheds is necessary to support effective water quality management, in part because studies have identified time lags between terrestrial nutrient balances and water quality. We present annual time series data from 1969 to 2012 for terrestrial N and P sources and monthly data from 1972 to 2013 for river N and P for the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, United States. Inputs to the watershed increased by factors of 3 for N and 1.2 for P. Synthetic fertilizer inputs increased in total and relative importance over time, while sewage inputs decreased. For N, increased fertilizer application was not matched by a proportionate increase in crop harvest; N use efficiency decreased from 69% to 38%. P use efficiency increased from 52% to 67%. As nutrient inputs to terrestrial systems increased, river concentrations and loads of total N, total P, and dissolved inorganic P decreased, and annual nutrient loads were strongly related to discharge. The N:P ratio of both sewage and fertilizer doubled over time but there was no similar trend in riverine export; river N:P concentrations declined dramatically during storms. River nutrient export over time was related to hydrology and waste discharge, with relatively little influence of watershed balances, suggesting that accumulation within soils or groundwater over time is mediating watershed export. Simply managing yearly nutrient balances is unlikely to improve water quality; rather, many factors must be considered, including soil and groundwater storage capacity, and gaseous loss pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S Metson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- National Research Council, National Academies of Science, Washington, DC, USA
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Jiajia Lin
- National Research Council, National Academies of Science, Washington, DC, USA
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - John A Harrison
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Jana E Compton
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
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84
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Gong Z, Deng J, Hamilton DP, Gao G, Shi K, Zhou J, Shao K, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Tang X, Li L. Are nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios of Chinese lakes actually increasing? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21000-21002. [PMID: 32887177 PMCID: PMC7474625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013445117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China;
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Deng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Guang Gao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Shao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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85
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Lin Y, Dong X, Wang M, Tong Y. Reply to Qin et al.: Consistency of monitoring data is key to explain the long-term nationwide trend of nutrients in lakes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21003-21004. [PMID: 32887178 PMCID: PMC7474594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014348117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China;
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
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