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Mochizuki T, Sakai K, Iwashita M. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) on endometrial cancer (HHUA) cell apoptosis and EGF stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Growth Horm IGF Res 2006; 16:202-210. [PMID: 16844395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IGFBP-3 has been demonstrated to stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation independently of its ability to bind IGF and a specific IGFBP-3 receptor has been proposed. EGF has been implicated in the cancer development and carcinogenesis. Only limited data are available on the crosstalk between IGFBP-3 signaling and EGF induced cell survival and signal transduction. The current studies were undertaken to characterize IGFBP-3 binding to endometrial cancer cells (HHUA) and determine its biological effects, as well as whether IGFBP-3 exposure alters the cell proliferation stimulated by EGF. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by ELISA using specific antibodies. The interaction between HHUA cell and IGFBP-3 was analyzed using a biosensor. The phosphorylation abundance of specific proteins and their phosphorylation in response to EGF and IGFBP-3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Biosensor analysis showed that IGFBP-3 could bind to HHUA cell surface. IGFBP-3 inhibited BrdU uptake, potentiated ssDNA production and induced p53 in HHUA cells. Although EGF stimulated HHUA cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation, IGFBP-3 inhibited cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation that had been stimulated by EGF. However, EGF receptor phosphorylation and expression were not reduced by IGFBP-3. Since HHUA cells lack IGF receptors and do not show biological response to IGF these results suggest that IGFBP-3 can bind to HHUA cells, inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis independently of its ability to bind to IGFs possibly by binding to an IGFBP-3 receptor. CONCLUSIONS Taken together these findings demonstrate that IGFBP-3 binds to HHUA cell surface, and inhibits cell division induced by EGF, possibly by modulating the EGF-mediated signal transduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mochizuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
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52
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Cavaillé F, Neau E, Vouters M, Bry-Gauillard H, Colombel A, Milliez J, Le Bouc Y. IGFBP-1 inhibits EGF mitogenic activity in cultured endometrial stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:754-60. [PMID: 16701564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The properties of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to 6) are not limited to modulation of IGF actions. IGFBP-1, which shares an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in its C-terminal domain, modulates cell motility by binding to integrin alpha5beta1. The cross-talks between integrins and growth factor receptor signalling pathways are extensively documented, particularly in the case of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, whether IGFBP-1 can modulate growth factor signalling through its interaction with integrin alpha5beta1 has not yet been studied. As EGF is involved in the decidualisation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and as decidualised ESCs are a source of IGFBP-1, we investigated if IGFBP-1 can modulate EGF effects on ESCs. RGD- and IGF-independent inhibition of EGF mitogenic activity and EGFR signalling by IGFBP-1 were demonstrated in ESC primary cultures, A431, cells and in mouse fibroblasts lacking IGF receptors.
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53
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Jogie-Brahim S, Min HK, Oh Y. Potential of proteomics towards the investigation of the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-3. Expert Rev Proteomics 2006; 2:71-86. [PMID: 15966854 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early investigations into the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent actions of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 have implicated a large array of signaling proteins with links to cell cycle control and apoptosis. However, the actual mechanism of IGFBP-3 action is still unclear. In an effort to clearly understand the mechanism of IGF-independent IGFBP-3 actions, a proteomic approach to identify the actual proteins involved in interaction with IGFBP-3 from different cell compartments, the phosphorylation status of IGFBP-3 under different physiologic conditions and the proteins upregulated by IGFBP-3 are briefly reviewed. The IGF system is a well-recognized key player in diseases such as cancer, diabetes and malnutrition. It is only after the signaling pathways of the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-3 are clearly understood that the system can be manipulated to affect these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherryline Jogie-Brahim
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, MCV Campus, Sanger Hall, Room 5-011, 1101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980662, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0662, USA.
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54
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Takaoka M, Smith CE, Mashiba MK, Okawa T, Andl CD, El-Deiry WS, Nakagawa H. EGF-mediated regulation of IGFBP-3 determines esophageal epithelial cellular response to IGF-I. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G404-16. [PMID: 16210470 PMCID: PMC2996094 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IGF and EGF regulate various physiological and pathological processes. IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 regulates cell proliferation in IGF-dependent and -independent fashions. Recently, we identified IGFBP-3 as a novel EGF receptor (EGFR) downstream target molecule in primary and immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells, suggesting an interplay between the EGF and IGF signaling pathways. However, the regulatory mechanisms for IGFBP-3 expression and its functional role in esophageal cell proliferation remain to be elucidated. Herein, we report that IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein were induced upon growth factor deprivation in primary and immortalized human esophageal cells through mechanisms requiring p53-independent de novo mRNA transcription and protein synthesis. This occurred in the face of the activated phosphatidylinositol 3-OH-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Secreted IGFBP-3 neutralized IGFs and prevented IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) activation. In contrast, EGF suppressed IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein expression through activation of MAPK in an EGFR-tyrosine kinase-dependent manner to restore the cellular response to IGF-I. When stably overexpressed, wild-type IGFBP-3 but not I56G/L80G/L81G (GGG) mutant IGFBP-3, which has a reduced affinity to IGFs, prevented IGF-I from activating IGF-IR and Akt as well as stimulating cell proliferation. However, unlike other cell types where IGFBP-3 exerts antiproliferative effects, neither wild-type nor GGG mutant IGFBP-3 alone affected cell proliferation or EGFR activity. These results indicate that IGF signaling is subject to negative regulation through IGFBP-3 and positive regulation by EGF, the latter of which suppresses IGFBP-3. This provides a platform for understanding the novel cross talk between EGF- and IGF-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Takaoka
- Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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55
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Inan MS, Al-Hassan S, Ozand P, Coskun S. Transcriptional profiling of granulosa cells from a patient with recurrent empty follicle syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13:481-91. [PMID: 17007665 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is characterized by the absence of oocytes after apparently normal follicular development and the pathogenesis of this syndrome is not well characterized. The aim of this study was to analyse whole gene expression of granulosa cells (GC) from a patient with recurrent EFS by using Affymetrix GeneChip. A total of 160 genes were identified as being differentially expressed (by at least two-fold) between EFS GC and the control GC. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cell growth and death. Among these were MAPK3, which plays an important role in the inhibition of apoptosis, was down-regulated 2.3-fold in EFS GC. Moreover, secretory phospholipase A2 and transforming growth factor receptor II, key regulators of cell death pathway, were down-regulated 3.54- and 2.82-fold respectively in EFS. Gene expression of granulosa cells from the EFS patient was significantly altered. The absence of the oocytes might be due to the increased apoptotic gene expression and the reduction of transcripts whose products are responsible for healthy follicular growth. Gene expression analyses might be a useful technique in identifying markers to follow a healthy follicular maturation and understanding the events that lead to EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sait Inan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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56
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are fundamental cell regulators with an evolutionary conserved role synchronising tissue growth, development and function according to metabolic conditions. Although structurally very similar to insulin, the IGFs act in a very different way as cell regulators. Whereas insulin is stored in a specific gland and released when needed, the IGFs are stored outside of cells with soluble binding proteins. A very complex system of six IGF binding proteins, each of which exists in various modified states and interacts with other proteins, provides a sophisticated system for conferring specificity to provide a finely tuned system for local regulation at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Holly
- Department of Clinical Science at North Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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57
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Kamanga-Sollo E, Pampusch MS, White ME, Hathaway MR, Dayton WR. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-5 mediate TGF-beta- and myostatin-induced suppression of proliferation in porcine embryonic myogenic cell cultures. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:167-76. [PMID: 16214131 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that cultured porcine embryonic myogenic cells (PEMC) produce both insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-5 and secrete these proteins into their media. Exogenously added recombinant porcine (rp) IGFBP-3 and rpIGFBP-5 act via IGF-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms to suppress proliferation of PEMC cultures. Furthermore, immunoneutralization of endogenous IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 in the PEMC culture medium results in increased DNA synthesis rate suggesting that endogenous IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 suppress PEMC proliferation. TGF-beta superfamily members myostatin and TGF-beta1 have also been shown to suppress proliferation of myogenic cells, and treatment of cultured PEMC with either TGF-beta1 or myostatin significantly (P < 0.01) increases levels of IGFBP-3 and -5 mRNA. We have previously shown that immunoneutralization of IGFBP-3 decreases the proliferation-suppressing activity of TGF-beta1 and myostatin. Here, we show that immunoneutralization of IGFBP-5 also significantly (P < 0.05) decreases the DNA synthesis-suppressing activity of these molecules. Simultaneous immunoneutralization of both IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 in TGF-beta1 or myostatin-treated PEMC cultures restores Long-R3-IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis rates to 90% of the levels observed in control cultures receiving no TGF-beta1 or myostatin treatment (P < 0.05). Even though immunoneutralization of IGFBP-3 and -5 increased DNA synthesis rates in TGF-beta1 or myostatin-treated PEMC cultures, phosphosmad2 levels in these cultures were not affected. These findings strongly suggest that IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 affect processes downstream from receptor-mediated Smad phosphorylation that facilitate the ability of TGF-beta and myostatin to suppress proliferation of PEMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamanga-Sollo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 348 Andrew Boss Laboratory, 1354 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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58
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Macleod K, Mullen P, Sewell J, Rabiasz G, Lawrie S, Miller E, Smyth JF, Langdon SP. Altered ErbB receptor signaling and gene expression in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6789-800. [PMID: 16061661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer patients are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, but the emergence of resistance to such chemotherapy severely limits its overall effectiveness. We have shown that development of resistance to this treatment can modify cell signaling responses in a model system wherein cisplatin treatment has altered cell responsiveness to ligands of the erbB receptor family. A cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line PE01CDDP was derived from the parent PE01 line by exposure to increasing concentrations of cisplatin, eventually obtaining a 20-fold level of resistance. Whereas PE01 cells were growth stimulated by the erbB receptor-activating ligands, such as transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha), NRG1alpha, and NRG1beta, the PE01CDDP line was growth inhibited by TGFalpha and NRG1beta but unaffected by NRG1alpha. TGFalpha increased apoptosis in PE01CDDP cells but decreased apoptosis in PE01 cells. Differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling were also found, which may be implicated in the altered cell response to ligands. Microarray analysis revealed 51 genes whose mRNA increased by at least 2-fold in PE01CDDP cells relative to PE01 (including FRA1, ETV4, MCM2, AXL, MT3, TRAP1, and FANCG), whereas 36 genes (including IGFBP3, TRAM1, and KRT4 and KRT19) decreased by a similar amount. Differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR identified altered mRNA expression for TCP1, SLP1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and ZXDA. Small interfering RNA inhibition of FRA1, TCP1, and MCM2 expression was associated with reduced growth and FRA1 inhibition with enhanced cisplatin sensitivity. Altered expression of these genes by cytotoxic exposure may provide survival advantages to cells including deregulation of signaling pathways, which may be critical in the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Macleod
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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59
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Butt AJ, Dickson KA, Jambazov S, Baxter RC. Enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced growth inhibition by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), but not IGFBP-3 in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 2005; 146:3113-22. [PMID: 15802501 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and IGFBP-5 in human breast cancer cells induces apoptosis and is associated with modulations in Bcl-2 proteins, suggesting that these IGFBPs induce an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this study we demonstrate that although both IGFBPs induced the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, the expression of IGFBP-5, but not IGFBP-3, sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to the inhibitory effects of TNFalpha. This sensitivity to TNFalpha was associated with a block in nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cell survival signals. IGFBP-5 expression was also associated with a caspase-8-independent activation of Bid, increased levels of cytosolic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) binding protein with low pI (DIABLO), and an enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, both basally and in response to TNFalpha. These results suggest that IGFBP-5 expression may influence extrinsic apoptotic pathways via a differential modulation of downstream cell survival and cell death pathways. Furthermore, although IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 share much structural and functional homology, they can modulate distinct apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Butt
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royan North Shore Hospital, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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60
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Vasylyeva TL, Chen X, Ferry RJ. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 mediates cytokine-induced mesangial cell apoptosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:207-214. [PMID: 15935983 PMCID: PMC3092586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 01/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesangial cells are critical for glomerular filtration. Mesangial cell dysfunction, the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy, results from disordered mesangial growth induced by cytokines, abnormal hemodynamic influence, and metabolic factors associated with chronic hyperglycemia. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their high affinity binding proteins (IGFBPs) exert major actions on mesangial cell survival, but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In light of emerging IGF-independent roles for IGFBP-3, we investigated IGFBP-3 actions during mesangial cell apoptosis induced by cytokine or high glucose concentration. Quantified by DNA fragmentation ELISA and Annexin V flow cytometry, apoptosis occurred in rat mesangial cells (RMC) exposed to 2 microg/mL IGFBP-3 for 24 h under high ambient or standard glucose. Anti-sense IGFBP-3 oligo at 10 microg/mL significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by 100 ng/mL TNF-alpha, serum-free conditions, or high (25 mM) glucose. Increased IGFBP-3 release associated with high ambient glucose or TNF-alpha was inhibited by pre-treatment with anti-sense oligo. Under serum-free conditions, recombinant human IGFBP-3 blocked Akt phosphorylation at threonine 308 (pThr308), whereas anti-sense oligo treatment was associated with enhanced pThr308 activity. In summary, these data support a novel mechanism for TNF-alpha-induced mesangial cell apoptosis mediated by IGFBP-3 and present regulation of pThr308 activity as a novel mechanism underlying IGFBP-3 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana L. Vasylyeva
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pediatrics Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 540-F4 MSC 7806, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pediatrics Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 540-F4 MSC 7806, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Robert J. Ferry
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pediatrics Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 540-F4 MSC 7806, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
- Cellular and Structural Biology Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
- Engineering Battalion, 56th Brigade Combat Team, 36th Infantry Division, 111th Texas Army National Guard, Baghdad, Iraq
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61
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Gielen SCJP, Hanekamp EE, Blok LJ, Huikeshoven FJ, Burger CW. Steroid-modulated proliferation of human endometrial carcinoma cell lines: any role for insulin-like growth factor signaling? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:58-64. [PMID: 15629674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen-stimulated proliferation of the normal and malignant human endometrium is balanced by the differentiating properties of progesterone. This study evaluated the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in steroid-induced modulation of endometrial cancer cell proliferation. METHODS We used the human endometrial, estrogen-responsive ECC-1 and progesterone-responsive PRAB-36 cell lines. Proliferation studies with IGFs in combination with either estrogen or progesterone were conducted. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) was evaluated. RESULTS Using the ECC-1 cell line, we observed that estrogen-induced proliferation is modulated via the IGF-receptor signaling pathway, and that IGF-1-induced stimulation of proliferation does not influence estrogen receptor signaling. Furthermore, expression of the main modulators of IGF action, the IGFBPs, was found to be regulated by estrogen and progesterone in both cell lines. IGFBP-4 was up-regulated by estrogen in the ECC-1 cell line, and IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 were down-regulated by progesterone in the PRAB-36 cell line. CONCLUSION Estrogen-induced stimulation of proliferation of ECC-1 endometrial cancer cells is partly achieved via IGF signaling. Furthermore, the IGFBPs are regulated by estrogens as well as progestagens and could potentially play a role in the modulation of endometrial cancer cell proliferation.
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62
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Takaoka M, Harada H, Andl CD, Oyama K, Naomoto Y, Dempsey KL, Klein-Szanto AJ, El-Deiry WS, Grimberg A, Nakagawa H. Epidermal growth factor receptor regulates aberrant expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3. Cancer Res 2004; 64:7711-23. [PMID: 15520175 PMCID: PMC4140096 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma and its precursor lesions. To gain insights into how EGFR overexpression affects cellular functions in primary human esophageal cells, we performed gene expression profiling and identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 as the most up-regulated gene. IGFBP-3 regulates cell proliferation through both insulin-like growth factor-dependent and independent mechanisms. We found that IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein expression was increased in EGFR-overexpressing primary and immortalized human esophageal cells. IGFBP-3 was also up-regulated in EGFR-overexpressing cells in organotypic culture and in EGFR transgenic mice. Furthermore, IGFBP-3 mRNA was overexpressed in 80% of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 60% of primary esophageal adenocarcinomas. Concomitant up-regulation of EGFR and IGFBP-3 was observed in 60% of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic localization of IGFBP-3 in the preponderance of preneoplastic and neoplastic esophageal lesions. IGFBP-3 was also overexpressed in esophageal cancer cell lines at both mRNA (60%) and protein (40%) levels. IGFBP-3 secreted by cancer cells was capable of binding to insulin-like growth factor I. Functionally, epidermal growth factor appeared to regulate IGFBP-3 expression in esophageal cancer cell lines. Finally, suppression of IGFBP-3 by small interfering RNA augmented cell proliferation, suggesting that IGFBP-3 may inhibit tumor cell proliferation as a negative feedback mechanism. In aggregate, we have identified for the first time that IGFBP-3 is an aberrantly regulated gene through the EGFR signaling pathway and it may modulate EGFR effects during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Takaoka
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hideki Harada
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia D. Andl
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenji Oyama
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshio Naomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kelly L. Dempsey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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63
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Vestey SB, Perks CM, Sen C, Calder CJ, Holly JMP, Winters ZE. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in invasive breast cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ: implications for clinicopathology and patient outcome. Breast Cancer Res 2004; 7:R119-29. [PMID: 15642160 PMCID: PMC1064109 DOI: 10.1186/bcr963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) differentially modulates breast epithelial cell growth through insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent pathways and is a direct (IGF-independent) growth inhibitor as well as a mitogen that potentiates EGF (epidermal growth factor) and interacts with HER-2. Previously, high IGFBP-3 levels in breast cancers have been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoradiometric assay methods. In vitro, IGFBP-3's mechanisms of action may involve cell membrane binding and nuclear translocation. To evaluate tumour-specific IGFBP-3 expression and its subcellular localisation, this study examined immunohistochemical IGFBP-3 expression in a series of invasive ductal breast cancers (IDCs) with synchronous ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) in relation to clinicopathological variables and patient outcome. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of IGFBP-3 was evaluated with the sheep polyclonal antiserum (developed in house) with staining performed as described previously. RESULTS IGFBP-3 was evaluable in 101 patients with a variable pattern of cytoplasmic expression (positivity of 1+/2+ score) in 85% of invasive and 90% of DCIS components. Strong (2+) IGFBP-3 expression was evident in 32 IDCs and 40 cases of DCIS. A minority of invasive tumours (15%) and DCIS (10%) lacked IGFBP-3 expression. Nuclear IGFBP-3 expression was not detectable in either invasive cancers or DCIS, with a consistent similarity in IGFBP-3 immunoreactivity in IDCs and DCIS. Positive IGFBP-3 expression showed a possible trend in association with increased proliferation (P = 0.096), oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P = 0.06) and HER-2 overexpression (P = 0.065) in invasive tumours and a strong association with ER negativity (P = 0.037) in DCIS. Although IGFBP-3 expression was not an independent prognosticator, IGFBP-3-positive breast cancers may have shorter disease-free and overall survivals, although these did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Increased breast epithelial IGFBP-3 expression is a feature of tumorigenesis with cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in the absence of significant nuclear localisation in IDCs and DCIS. There are trends between high levels of IGFBP-3 and poor prognostic features, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is a potential mitogen. IGFBP-3 is not an independent prognosticator for overall survival or disease-free survival, to reflect its dual effects on breast cancer growth regulated by complex pathways in vivo that may relate to its interactions with other growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Vestey
- University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol – Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol – Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Chandan Sen
- Department of Histopathology, United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline J Calder
- Department of Histopathology, United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff MP Holly
- University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol – Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Zoe E Winters
- University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol – Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
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64
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Ricort JM. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) signalling. Growth Horm IGF Res 2004; 14:277-286. [PMID: 15231296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Ricort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, LBPA, UMR CNRS 8113, Bâtiment d'Alembert, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan Cedex, France.
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65
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Granata R, Trovato L, Garbarino G, Taliano M, Ponti R, Sala G, Ghidoni R, Ghigo E. Dual effects of IGFBP-3 on endothelial cell apoptosis and survival: involvement of the sphingolipid signaling pathways. FASEB J 2004; 18:1456-8. [PMID: 15247143 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-1618fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has both growth-inhibiting and growth-promoting effects at the cellular level. The cytotoxic action of several anticancer drugs is linked to increased ceramide generation through sphingomyelin hydrolysis or de novo biosynthesis. Herein, we investigated the role of IGFBP-3 on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and its relationship with ceramide levels. We report that IGFBP-3 exerts dual effects on HUVEC, potentiating doxorubicin-induced apoptosis but enhancing survival in serum-starved conditions. Ceramide was increased by IGFBP-3 in the presence of doxorubicin and decreased when IGFBP-3 was added alone to cells cultured in serum-free medium. The protection exerted by the ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1 over doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was enhanced by IGFBP-3 with concomitant reduction of ceramide levels. IGFBP-3 alone activated sphingosine kinase (SK) and increased SK1 mRNA; the SK inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) blocked IGFBP-3 antiapoptotic effect. Moreover, IGFBP-3 increased IGF-I mRNA and dramatically enhanced IGF-I release. IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and its downstream signaling pathways Akt and ERK were phosphorylated by IGFBP-3, whereas inhibition of IGF-IR phosphorylation with tyrphostin AG1024 suppressed the antiapopoptic effect of IGFBP-3. Finally, IGFBP-3 increased endothelial cell motility in all experimental conditions. These findings provide evidence that IGFBP-3 differentially regulates endothelial cell apoptosis by involvement of the sphingolipid signaling pathways. Moreover, the survival effect of IGFBP-3 seems to be mediated by the IGF-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14-10126 Turin, Italy
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Butt AJ, Martin JL, Dickson KA, McDougall F, Firth SM, Baxter RC. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 expression is associated with growth stimulation of T47D human breast cancer cells: the role of altered epidermal growth factor signaling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:1950-6. [PMID: 15070968 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro. However, clinical studies suggest that high levels of IGFBP-3 in breast tumor tissue are associated with large, highly proliferative tumors. In this study, we examined the effects of stable transfection with human IGFBP-3 cDNA on the growth of T47D human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Expression of IGFBP-3 initially inhibited the growth of T47D in vitro but was associated with enhanced growth in vivo. Furthermore, IGFBP-3-expressing cells in vitro became growth stimulated at higher passages post transfection, suggesting breast cancer cells may switch their response to IGFBP-3 with increasing tumorigenicity. These stimulatory effects observed in IGFBP-3-expressing cells were associated with an enhanced responsiveness to the proliferative effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF). When EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase activity was blocked using PD153035, high passage IGFBP-3 transfectants were growth inhibited compared with controls treated with inhibitor. These findings suggest that the interaction between IGFBP-3 and the EGFR system is central to whether IGFBP-3 acts as a growth stimulator or inhibitor in breast cancer cells and that therapies targeting EGFR may have increased efficacy in breast tumors expressing high levels of IGFBP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Butt
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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