51
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu S, Qin Z. Extracellular S100A4 as a key player in fibrotic diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5973-5983. [PMID: 32307910 PMCID: PMC7294136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells that sometimes leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence now indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of organ fibrosis. S100A4 protein, a ubiquitous member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potential factor implicated in fibrotic diseases. S100A4 protein is released at inflammatory site and has a certain biological function to promote cell motility, invasion, ECM remodelling, autophagy and angiogenesis. In addition, extracellular S100A4 is also a potential causation of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions. Elevated S100A4 level in patients’ serum closely correlates with disease activity in several fibrotic diseases and serves as a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Analyses of knockout mouse models have identified a functional role of extracellular S100A4 protein in fibrotic diseases, suggesting that suppressing its expression, release or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on the role of extracellular S100A4 as a key regulator of pro‐inflammatory signalling pathways and its relative biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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52
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S100 proteins in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:293-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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53
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Baudier J, Deloulme JC, Shaw GS. The Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ -binding S100B and S100A1 proteins: beyond the myths. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:738-758. [PMID: 32027773 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The S100 genes encode a conserved group of 21 vertebrate-specific EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Since their discovery in 1965, S100 proteins have remained enigmatic in terms of their cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the calcium- and zinc-binding properties of the dimeric S100B and S100A1 proteins and highlight data that shed new light on the extracellular and intracellular regulation and functions of S100B. We point out that S100B and S100A1 homodimers are not functionally interchangeable and that in a S100A1/S100B heterodimer, S100A1 acts as a negative regulator for the ability of S100B to bind Zn2+ . The Ca2+ and Zn2+ -dependent interactions of S100B with a wide array of proteins form the basis of its activities and have led to the derivation of some initial rules for S100B recognition of protein targets. However, recent findings have strongly suggested that these rules need to be revisited. Here, we describe a new consensus S100B binding motif present in intracellular and extracellular vertebrate-specific proteins and propose a new model for stable interactions of S100B dimers with full-length target proteins. A chaperone-associated function for intracellular S100B in adaptive cellular stress responses is also discussed. This review may help guide future studies on the functions of S100 proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Baudier
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-UMR CNRS 7288, Aix Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean Christophe Deloulme
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
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54
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Healey GD, Pan-Castillo B, Garcia-Parra J, Davies J, Roberts S, Jones E, Dhar K, Nandanan S, Tofazzal N, Piggott L, Clarkson R, Seaton G, Frostell A, Fagge T, McKee C, Margarit L, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Antibody drug conjugates against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31665084 PMCID: PMC6820928 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological cancer, is currently hampered by the toxicity of current cytotoxic agents, meaning novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Methods A cohort of 161 patients was evaluated for the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in endometrial tissues. The present study also incorporates a variety of in vitro methodologies within multiple cell lines to evaluate RAGE expression and antibody-drug conjugate efficacy, internalisation and intercellular trafficking. Additionally, we undertook in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity evaluation to determine the suitability of our chosen therapeutic approach, together with efficacy studies in a mouse xenograft model of disease. Results We have identified an association between over-expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and EC (H-score = Healthy: 0.46, SD 0.26; Type I EC: 2.67, SD 1.39; Type II EC: 2.20, SD 1.34; ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, increased expression was negatively correlated with patient survival (Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation: ρ = − 0.3914, p < 0.05). To exploit this association, we developed novel RAGE-targeting antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and demonstrated the efficacy of this approach. RAGE-targeting ADCs were up to 100-fold more efficacious in EC cells compared to non-malignant cells and up to 200-fold more cytotoxic than drug treatment alone. Additionally, RAGE-targeting ADCs were not toxic in an in vivo pre-clinical mouse model, and significantly reduced tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of disease. Conclusions These data, together with important design considerations implied by the present study, suggest RAGE-ADCs could be translated to novel therapeutics for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Healey
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Julia Davies
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shaun Roberts
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Eilir Jones
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Kalyan Dhar
- Gynecology Oncology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Sarika Nandanan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - Nasima Tofazzal
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Luke Piggott
- Welsh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gillian Seaton
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Asa Frostell
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, SE-751 84, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim Fagge
- GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, HP7 9NA, UK
| | - Colin McKee
- ADC Biotechnology Ltd, OpTIC Technium, Ffordd William Morgan, St Asaph Business Park, St Asaph, Denbighshire, LL17 0JD, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Gheibi N, Ghorbani M, Shariatifar H, Farasat A. In silico assessment of human Calprotectin subunits (S100A8/A9) in presence of sodium and calcium ions using Molecular Dynamics simulation approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224095. [PMID: 31622441 PMCID: PMC6797115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimeric protein complex which consists of two subunits including S100A8 and S100A9. This protein has a major role in different inflammatory disease and various types of cancers. In current study we aimed to evaluate the structural and thermodynamic changes of the subunits and the complex in presence of sodium and calcium ions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Therefore, the residue interaction network (RIN) was visualized in Cytoscape program. In next step, to measure the binding free energy, the potential of mean force (PMF) method was performed. Finally, the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) method was applied as an effective tool to calculate the molecular model affinities. The MD simulation results of the subunits represented their structural changes in presence of Ca2+. Moreover, the RIN and Hydrogen bond analysis demonstrated that cluster interactions between Calprotectin subunits in presence of Ca2+ were greater in comparison with Na+. Our findings indicated that the binding free energy of the subunits in presence of Ca2+ was significantly greater than Na+. The results revealed that Ca2+ has the ability to induce structural changes in subunits in comparison with Na+ which lead to create stronger interactions between. Hence, studying the physical characteristics of the human proteins could be considered as a powerful tool in theranostics and drug design purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology/ Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Shariatifar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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56
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The Modern Western Diet Rich in Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): An Overview of Its Impact on Obesity and Early Progression of Renal Pathology. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081748. [PMID: 31366015 PMCID: PMC6724323 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are an assorted group of molecules formed through covalent bonds between a reduced sugar and a free amino group of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Glycation alters their structure and function, leading to impaired cell function. They can be originated by physiological processes, when not counterbalanced by detoxification mechanisms, or derive from exogenous sources such as food, cigarette smoke, and air pollution. Their accumulation increases inflammation and oxidative stress through the activation of various mechanisms mainly triggered by binding to their receptors (RAGE). So far, the pathogenic role of AGEs has been evidenced in inflammatory and chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the AGE-induced kidney damage, by describing the molecular players involved and investigating its link to the excess of body weight and visceral fat, hallmarks of obesity. Research regarding interventions to reduce AGE accumulation has been of great interest and a nutraceutical approach that would help fighting chronic diseases could be a very useful tool for patients’ everyday lives.
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57
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Kipfmueller F, Heindel K, Geipel A, Berg C, Bartmann P, Reutter H, Mueller A, Holdenrieder S. Expression of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products is associated with disease severity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1061-L1069. [PMID: 30838867 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00359.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and lung hypoplasia are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is a marker of endothelial function and might be associated with disease severity in CDH newborns. In a cohort of 30 CDH newborns and 20 healthy control newborns, sRAGE concentration was measured at birth and at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7-10 days. In healthy newborns, sRAGE was significantly higher at birth and at 48 h compared with CDH newborns (both P < 0.001). Among CDH newborns, sRAGE was significantly lower at birth (P = 0.033) and at 7-10 days (P = 0.035) in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with patients not receiving ECMO. In contrast, CDH newborns receiving ECMO had significantly higher values at 6 h (P = 0.001), 12 h (P = 0.004), and 48 h (0.032). Additionally, sRAGE correlated significantly with PH severity, intensity and duration of mechanical ventilation, and prenatally assessed markers of CDH severity (lung size, liver herniation). The probability to receive ECMO therapy was five times higher in CDH newborns with sRAGE concentrations below the calculated cutoff of 650 pg/ml at birth (P = 0.002) and nine times higher in CDH newborns with sRAGE concentrations above the cutoff of 3,500 pg/ml at 6 h (P = 0.001). These findings suggest a potential involvement of sRAGE in the pathophysiology of CDH and may act as a therapeutic target in future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kipfmueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Katrin Heindel
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Annegret Geipel
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center of the State of Bavaria and the Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
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58
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Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Sobiak B, Mlącki M, Wilanowski T, Leśniak W. S100A6 activates EGFR and its downstream signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17561-17569. [PMID: 30805941 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a central transmitter of mitogenic signals in epithelial cells; enhanced EGFR activity is observed in many tumors of epithelial origin. S100A6 is a small calcium-binding protein, characteristic mainly of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, strongly implicated in cell proliferation and upregulated in tumors. In this study, using biochemical assays along with immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of organotypic and standard cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes with S100A6 overexpression or knock-down, we have examined the effect of S100A6 on EGFR activity and downstream signaling. We found that HaCaT cells overexpressing S100A6 had enhanced EGFR, phospho EGFR, and phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) staining intensity and level coupled to higher signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity. Conversely, S100A6 knockdown cells had impaired EGFR signaling that could be enhanced by addition of recombinant S100A6 to the culture media. Altogether the results show that S100A6 may exert its proproliferative effects through activating EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sobiak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mlącki
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Leśniak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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59
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Abstract
S100A6 is a member of the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein family, which plays important roles in a wide variety of Ca2+ signaling in the cells, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we describe analytical protocols for evaluating the interaction of S100A6 with multiple target proteins in vitro, including biotinylated S100A6 overlay, glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-precipitation, surface plasmon resonance, and a GST-precipitation assay in living cells. These methods will elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms of S100A6/target interactions and further improve our understanding of the physiological significance of S100A6-mediated Ca2+ signaling. Moreover, they may be used to evaluate other physical S100/target interactions.
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60
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Kiss B, Ecsédi P, Simon M, Nyitray L. Isolation and Characterization of S100 Protein-Protein Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:325-338. [PMID: 30710283 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are small, mostly dimeric, EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins. Upon Ca2+ binding, a conformational change occurs resulting in the exposure of a shallow hydrophobic binding groove in each subunit. Interestingly, S100 proteins can interact with their partners in two ways: symmetrically, when the two partners identically bind into each groove, or asymmetrically, when only one partner binds to the S100 dimer occupying both binding pockets. Here we present a heterologous expression and purification protocol for all known human S100 proteins as well as for their partner peptides. Moreover, we provide a detailed description of three in vitro methods to determine the affinity, stoichiometry, and kinetics of S100 protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ecsédi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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61
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Riuzzi F, Sorci G, Sagheddu R, Chiappalupi S, Salvadori L, Donato R. RAGE in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1213-1234. [PMID: 30334619 PMCID: PMC6351676 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the signalling of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is critical for skeletal muscle physiology controlling both the activity of muscle precursors during skeletal muscle development and the correct time of muscle regeneration after acute injury. On the other hand, the aberrant re-expression/activity of RAGE in adult skeletal muscle is a hallmark of muscle wasting that occurs in response to ageing, genetic disorders, inflammatory conditions, cancer, and metabolic alterations. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and the ligands of RAGE involved in myoblast differentiation, muscle regeneration, and muscle pathological conditions. We highlight potential therapeutic strategies for targeting RAGE to improve skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Roberta Sagheddu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Laura Salvadori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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62
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Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9): a key protein between inflammation and cancer. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:801-812. [PMID: 30083975 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9), a heterodimeric EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein, are abundant in cytosol of neutrophils and are involved in inflammatory processes and several cancerous pathogens. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of calprotectin and its relation to inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a review of studies published in the Medline (1966-2018), Scopus (2004-2018), ClinicalTrials.gov (2008-2018) and Google Scholar (2004-2018) databases, combined with studies found in the reference lists of the included studies. RESULTS Elevated levels of S100A8/S100A9 were detected in inflammation, neoplastic tumor cells and various human cancers. Recent data have explained that many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. The inflammatory microenvironment which largely includes calprotectin, has an essential role on high producing of inflammatory factors and then on neoplastic process and metastasis. CONCLUSION Scientists have shown different outcomes in inflammation, malignancy and apoptosis whether the source of the aforementioned protein is extracellular or intracellular. These findings are offering new insights that anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and anti-tumorigenic functions of calprotectin can lead to control cancer development.
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63
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Fuller KN, Valentine RJ, Miranda ER, Kumar P, Prabhakar BS, Haus JM. A single high-fat meal alters human soluble RAGE profiles and PBMC RAGE expression with no effect of prior aerobic exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13811. [PMID: 30047241 PMCID: PMC6060105 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet can induce inflammation and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a critical role in metabolic disease pathophysiology and the soluble form of the receptor (sRAGE) can mitigate these effects. However, little is known about RAGE in the postprandial condition and the effect of exercise in this context. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of a single high-fat meal (HFM) with and without prior exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RAGE biology. Healthy males (n = 12) consumed a HFM on two occasions, one without prior exercise and one 16-18 hours following acute aerobic exercise. Total soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) were determined via ELISA and cleaved RAGE (cRAGE) was calculated as the difference between the two. Isolated PBMCs were analyzed for RAGE, ADAM10, TLR4, and MyD88 protein expression and ADAM10 activity. The HFM significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated sRAGE, esRAGE, and cRAGE by 9.7%, 6.9%, and 10.5%, respectively. Whereas, the HFM increased PBMC RAGE protein expression by 10.3% (P < 0.01), there was no meal effect on PBMC TLR4, MYD88, or ADAM10 protein expression, nor ADAM10 activity. There was also no exercise effect on any experimental outcomes. These findings suggest that PBMC RAGE and soluble RAGE may be important in the postprandial response to a HFM, and that prior aerobic exercise does not alter these processes in young healthy adult males. The mechanisms by which a HFM induces RAGE expression and reduces circulating soluble RAGE isoforms requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N.Z. Fuller
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | | | - Edwin R. Miranda
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Bellur S. Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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64
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Lee YR, Park MS, Joo HK, Kim KM, Kim J, Jeon BH, Choi S. Therapeutic positioning of secretory acetylated APE1/Ref-1 requirement for suppression of tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8701. [PMID: 29880821 PMCID: PMC5992149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a relatively small proportion of all BCs but a relatively large proportion of BC-related death. Thus, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for the management of TNBC. We demonstrated that the stimulation of apoptosis by the binding of secreted acetylated-apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ac-APE1/Ref-1) to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was essential for TNBC cell death in response to hyperacetylation. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential therapeutic efficacy of secretory Ac-APE1/Ref-1 in orthotopic TNBC xenografts in vivo. We found that hyperacetylation in xenografts caused secretion of Ac-APE1/Ref-1 into the blood, where the factor bound directly to RAGE in hyperacetylated tumor tissues. Hyperacetylation in the TNBC xenografts induced strong inhibition of tumor growth and development, leading to apoptotic cell death, accompanied by increased RAGE expression and generation of reactive oxygen species. Tissues exhibited markedly higher counts of apoptotic bodies, a reduced proliferation index, and reduced neovascularization compared with control tumors. Ac-APE1/Ref-1-stimulated apoptosis was markedly reduced in RAGE-knockdown tumors compared with RAGE-overexpressing tumors, even in the presence of hyperacetylation. The function of secreted Ac-APE1/Ref-1 was confirmed in other hyperacetylated TNBCs xenografts using BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cells, demonstrating its relevance as an anti-cancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Joo
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Jeryong Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Sunga Choi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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65
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Xia P, He H, Kristine MS, Guan W, Gao J, Wang Z, Hu J, Han L, Li J, Han W, Yu Y. Therapeutic effects of recombinant human S100A6 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE) on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:86-93. [PMID: 29800549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological process in which extracellular matrix excessively aggregates in an injured liver. Research on hepatic fibrosis is expanding, however, much information in this process is still unclear. Here, we examined the gene expression changes within the process of liver fibrosis, providing the first evidence that secreted S100A6 is a critical contributor. We discovered that expression of the S100 family is highly correlated with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and post self-recovery in mice. Recombinant human S100A6 (rhS100A6) introduced to CCl4-induced mice was found to enhance liver fibrosis through the promotion of activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation. More importantly, we showed that rhS100A6 can induce cell cycle transition from S to G2 stage and significantly elevate the level of ERK phosphorylation in the MARK pathway. In contrast to rhS100A6, recombinant human and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a natural antagonist of the S100/RAGE pathway, was found to have a preventative effect on liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice. In conclusion, our study supports that S100A6 could be a novel therapeutic in liver fibrosis and its receptor antagonist, sRAGE, proofed to be effective for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Honglin He
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Modrak Samantha Kristine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Wen Guan
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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66
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Intercellular transfer of mitochondria rescues virus-induced cell death but facilitates cell-to-cell spreading of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virology 2018; 517:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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67
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Khan MI, Su YK, Zou J, Yang LW, Chou RH, Yu C. S100B as an antagonist to block the interaction between S100A1 and the RAGE V domain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190545. [PMID: 29444082 PMCID: PMC5812564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-binding human S100A1 protein is a type of S100 protein. S100A1 is a significant mediator during inflammation when Ca2+ binds to its EF-hand motifs. Receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) correspond to 5 domains: the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, C2, C1, and V domains. The V domain of RAGE is one of the most important target proteins for S100A1. It binds to the hydrophobic surface and triggers signaling transduction cascades that induce cell growth, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize the interaction between S100A1 and the RAGE V domain. We found that S100B could interact with S100A1 via NMR 1H-15N HSQC titrations. We used the HADDOCK program to generate the following two binary complexes based on the NMR titration results: S100A1-RAGE V domain and S100A1-S100B. After overlapping these two complex structures, we found that S100B plays a crucial role in blocking the interaction site between RAGE V domain and S100A1. A cell proliferation assay WST-1 also supported our results. This report could potentially be useful for new protein development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imran Khan
- National Tsing Hua University, Chemistry Department, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- National Tsing Hua University, Chemistry Department, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jinhao Zou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wei Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin Yu
- National Tsing Hua University, Chemistry Department, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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68
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El-Far AHAM, Munesue S, Harashima A, Sato A, Shindo M, Nakajima S, Inada M, Tanaka M, Takeuchi A, Tsuchiya H, Yamamoto H, Shaheen HME, El-Sayed YS, Kawano S, Tanuma SI, Yamamoto Y. In vitro anticancer effects of a RAGE inhibitor discovered using a structure-based drug design system. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541234 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor implicated in the pathogenesis of certain types of cancer. In the present study, papaverine was identified as a RAGE inhibitor using the conversion to small molecules through optimized-peptide strategy drug design system. Papaverine significantly inhibited RAGE-dependent nuclear factor κ-B activation driven by high mobility group box-1, a RAGE ligand. Using RAGE- or dominant-negative RAGE-expressing HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells, the present study revealed that papaverine suppressed RAGE-dependent cell proliferation and migration dose-dependently. Furthermore, papaverine significantly inhibited cell invasion. The results of the present study suggested that papaverine could inhibit RAGE, and provided novel insights into the field of RAGE biology, particularly anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hafez Ali Mohammed El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mika Shindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mana Inada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hazem M E Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Shuhei Kawano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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69
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Xia C, Braunstein Z, Toomey AC, Zhong J, Rao X. S100 Proteins As an Important Regulator of Macrophage Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1908. [PMID: 29379499 PMCID: PMC5770888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis, migration, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. The intracellular functions of S100 proteins involve interaction with intracellular receptors, membrane protein recruitment/transportation, transcriptional regulation and integrating with enzymes or nucleic acids, and DNA repair. The S100 proteins could also be released from the cytoplasm, induced by tissue/cell damage and cellular stress. The extracellular S100 proteins, serving as a danger signal, are crucial in regulating immune homeostasis, post-traumatic injury, and inflammation. Extracellular S100 proteins are also considered biomarkers for some specific diseases. In this review, we will discuss the multi-functional roles of S100 proteins, especially their potential roles associated with cell migration, differentiation, tissue repair, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xia
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amelia C Toomey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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70
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Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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71
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Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 939] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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72
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Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor implicated in diverse chronic inflammatory states. RAGE binds and mediates the cellular response to a range of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) including AGEs, HMGB1, S100s, and DNA. RAGE can also act as an innate immune sensor of microbial pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) including bacterial endotoxin, respiratory viruses, and microbial DNA. RAGE is expressed at low levels under normal physiology, but it is highly upregulated under chronic inflammation because of the accumulation of various RAGE ligands. Blocking RAGE signaling in cell and animal models has revealed that targeting RAGE impairs inflammation and progression of diabetic vascular complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer progression and metastasis. The clinical relevance of RAGE in inflammatory disease is being demonstrated in emerging clinical trials of novel small-molecule RAGE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry I Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA; .,University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Marc E Lippman
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.,Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
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73
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Jurewicz E, Wyroba E, Filipek A. Tubulin-dependent secretion of S100A6 and cellular signaling pathways activated by S100A6-integrin β1 interaction. Cell Signal 2017; 42:21-29. [PMID: 29020611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
S100A6 is a calcium binding protein expressed mainly in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Interestingly, S100A6 is also present in extracellular fluids. Recently we have shown that S100A6 is secreted by WJMS cells and binds to integrin β1 (Jurewicz et al., 2014). In this work we describe for the first time the mechanism of S100A6 secretion and signaling pathways activated by the S100A6-integrin β1 complex. We show that colchicine suppressed the release of S100A6 into the cell medium, which indicates that the protein might be secreted via a tubulin-dependent pathway. By applying double immunogold labeling and immunofluorescence staining we have shown that S100A6 associates with microtubules in WJMS cells. Furthermore, results obtained from immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (PLA), and from in vitro assays, reveal that S100A6 is able to form complexes with α and β tubulin in these cells, and that the S100A6-tubulin interaction is direct. We have also found that the S100A6 protein, due to binding to integrin β1, activates integrin-linked kinase (ILK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p21-activated kinase (PAK). Our results suggest that binding of S100A6 to integrin β1 affects cell adhesion/proliferation due to activation of ILK and FAK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Jurewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyroba
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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74
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Donato R, Sorci G, Giambanco I. S100A6 protein: functional roles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2749-2760. [PMID: 28417162 PMCID: PMC11107720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
S100A6 protein belongs to the A group of the S100 protein family of Ca2+-binding proteins. It is expressed in a limited number of cell types in adult normal tissues and in several tumor cell types. As an intracellular protein, S100A6 has been implicated in the regulation of several cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, the cytoskeleton dynamics, and the cellular response to different stress factors. S100A6 can be secreted/released by certain cell types which points to extracellular effects of the protein. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) and integrin β1 transduce some extracellular S100A6's effects. Dosage of serum S100A6 might aid in diagnosis in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Centro Universitario per la Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia (Interuniversity Institute for Myology), Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Centro Universitario per la Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia (Interuniversity Institute for Myology), Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Centro Universitario per la Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
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75
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Identification and characterization of a centrosomal protein, FOR20 as a novel S100A6 target. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:980-985. [PMID: 28765046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
S100A6 is a Ca2+-signal transducer that interacts with numerous proteins and regulates their biochemical functions. Here we identified a centrosomal protein, FOR20 (FOP-related protein of 20 kDa) as a novel S100A6 target by screening protein microarrays carrying 19,676 recombinant GST-fused human proteins. Binding experiments revealed that S100A6 interacts with the N-terminal region (residues 1-30) of FOR20 in a Ca2+-dependent manner in vitro and in living cells. Several S100 proteins including S100A1, A2, A4, A11, B also exhibited Ca2+-dependent interactions with FOR20 as well as S100A6. We found that two distantly related centrosomal proteins, FOP and OFD1, also possess N-terminal regions with a significant sequence similarity to the putative S100A6-binding site (residues 1-30) in FOR20 and are capable of binding to S100A6 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Taken together, these results may indicate that S100A6 interacts with FOR20 and related centrosomal proteins through a conserved N-terminal domain, suggesting a novel Ca2+-dependent regulation of centrosomal function.
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76
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Buyannemekh D, Nham SU. Characterization of αX I-Domain Binding to Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE). Mol Cells 2017; 40:355-362. [PMID: 28535664 PMCID: PMC5463044 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The β2 integrins are cell surface transmembrane proteins regulating leukocyte functions, such as adhesion and migration. Two members of β2 integrin, αMβ2 and αXβ2, share the leukocyte distribution profile and integrin αXβ2 is involved in antigen presentation in dendritic cells and transendothelial migration of monocytes and macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a member of cell adhesion molecules, plays an important role in chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Although RAGE and αXβ2 play an important role in inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the nature of their interaction and structure involved in the binding remain poorly defined. In this study, using I-domain as a ligand binding motif of αXβ2, we characterize the binding nature and the interacting moieties of αX I-domain and RAGE. Their binding requires divalent cations (Mg2+ and Mn2+) and shows an affinity on the sub-micro molar level: the dissociation constant of αX I-domains binding to RAGE being 0.49 μM. Furthermore, the αX I-domains recognize the V-domain, but not the C1 and C2-domains of RAGE. The acidic amino acid substitutions on the ligand binding site of αX I-domain significantly reduce the I-domain binding activity to soluble RAGE and the alanine substitutions of basic amino acids on the flat surface of the V-domain prevent the V-domain binding to αX I-domain. In conclusion, the main mechanism of αX I-domain binding to RAGE is a charge interaction, in which the acidic moieties of αX I-domains, including E244, and D249, recognize the basic residues on the RAGE V-domain encompassing K39, K43, K44, R104, and K107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolgorsuren Buyannemekh
- Divisions of Science Education and Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Nham
- Divisions of Science Education and Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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77
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Bongarzone S, Savickas V, Luzi F, Gee AD. Targeting the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7213-7232. [PMID: 28482155 PMCID: PMC5601361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an ubiquitous,
transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that exists in multiple
isoforms and binds to a diverse range of endogenous extracellular
ligands and intracellular effectors. Ligand binding at the extracellular
domain of RAGE initiates a complex intracellular signaling cascade,
resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), immunoinflammatory
effects, cellular proliferation, or apoptosis with concomitant upregulation
of RAGE itself. To date, research has mainly focused on the correlation
between RAGE activity and pathological conditions, such as cancer,
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Because
RAGE plays a role in many pathological disorders, it has become an
attractive target for the development of inhibitors at the extracellular
and intracellular domains. This review describes the role of endogenous
RAGE ligands/effectors in normo- and pathophysiological processes,
summarizes the current status of exogenous small-molecule inhibitors
of RAGE and concludes by identifying key strategies for future therapeutic
intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bongarzone
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vilius Savickas
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners , St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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78
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Braun M, Vaibhav K, Saad NM, Fatima S, Vender JR, Baban B, Hoda MN, Dhandapani KM. White matter damage after traumatic brain injury: A role for damage associated molecular patterns. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2614-2626. [PMID: 28533056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide. Despite decades of pre-clinical investigation, therapeutic strategies focused on acute neuroprotection failed to improve TBI outcomes. This lack of translational success has necessitated a reassessment of the optimal targets for intervention, including a heightened focus on secondary injury mechanisms. Chronic immune activation correlates with progressive neurodegeneration for decades after TBI; however, significant challenges remain in functionally and mechanistically defining immune activation after TBI. In this review, we explore the burgeoning evidence implicating the acute release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, and hyaluronic acid in the initiation of progressive neurological injury, including white matter loss after TBI. The role that pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptor and purinergic receptors, play in progressive neurological injury after TBI is detailed. Finally, we provide support for the notion that resident and infiltrating macrophages are critical cellular targets linking acute DAMP release with adaptive immune responses and chronic injury after TBI. The therapeutic potential of targeting DAMPs and barriers to clinical translational, in the context of TBI patient management, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging & Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nancy M Saad
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sumbul Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging & Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - John R Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging & Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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79
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Li Y, Chang Y, Ye N, Chen Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Advanced glycation end products-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction alters proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2673-2680. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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80
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Discovery of circulating proteins associated to knee radiographic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:137. [PMID: 28273936 PMCID: PMC5427840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are no sufficiently sensitive biomarkers able to reflect changes in joint remodelling during osteoarthritis (OA). In this work, we took an affinity proteomic approach to profile serum samples for proteins that could serve as indicators for the diagnosis of radiographic knee OA. Antibody suspension bead arrays were applied to analyze serum samples from patients with OA (n = 273), control subjects (n = 76) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 244). For verification, a focused bead array was built and applied to an independent set of serum samples from patients with OA (n = 188), control individuals (n = 83) and RA (n = 168) patients. A linear regression analysis adjusting for sex, age and body mass index (BMI) revealed that three proteins were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in serum from OA patients compared to controls: C3, ITIH1 and S100A6. A panel consisting of these three proteins had an area under the curve of 0.82 for the classification of OA and control samples. Moreover, C3 and ITIH1 levels were also found to be significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in OA patients compared to RA patients. Upon validation in additional study sets, the alterations of these three candidate serum biomarker proteins could support the diagnosis of radiographic knee OA.
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81
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Mofid A, Newman NS, Lee PJH, Abbasi C, Matkar PN, Rudenko D, Kuliszewski MA, Chen HH, Afrasiabi K, Tsoporis JN, Gramolini AO, Connelly KA, Parker TG, Leong-Poi H. Cardiac Overexpression of S100A6 Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Reduces Infarct Size After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004738. [PMID: 28174168 PMCID: PMC5523770 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte‐specific transgenic mice overexpressing S100A6, a member of the family of EF‐hand calcium‐binding proteins, develop less cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and myocyte apoptosis after permanent coronary ligation, findings that support S100A6 as a potential therapeutic target after acute myocardial infarction. Our purpose was to investigate S100A6 gene therapy for acute myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion. Methods and Results We first performed in vitro studies to examine the effects of S100A6 overexpression and knockdown in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. S100A6 overexpression improved calcium transients and protected against apoptosis induced by hypoxia‐reoxygenation via enhanced calcineurin activity, whereas knockdown of S100A6 had detrimental effects. For in vivo studies, human S100A6 plasmid or empty plasmid was delivered to the left ventricular myocardium by ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction in Fischer‐344 rats 2 days prior to a 30‐minute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Control animals received no therapy. Pretreatment with S100A6 gene therapy yielded a survival advantage compared to empty‐plasmid and nontreated controls. S100A6‐pretreated animals had reduced infarct size and improved left ventricular systolic function, with less myocyte apoptosis, attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, and less cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions S100A6 overexpression by ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction helps ameliorate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion, resulting in lower mortality and improved left ventricular systolic function post–ischemia‐reperfusion via attenuation of apoptosis, reduction in cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced infarct size. Our results indicate that S100A6 is a potential therapeutic target for acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mofid
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadav S Newman
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J H Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Abbasi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitriy Rudenko
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Kuliszewski
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao H Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kolsoom Afrasiabi
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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82
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RAGE-TLR Crosstalk Sustains Chronic Inflammation in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1463-1476. [PMID: 28168427 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory reactions are consistenly present in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer type and are considered important factors that accelerate progression of the disease. Receptors of innate immunity participate in triggering and driving inflammatory reactions. For example, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), major receptors of innate immunity, play a central role in perpetuation of inflammation. RAGE activation should be perceived as a primary mechanism which determines self-perpetuated chronic inflammation, and RAGE cooperation with TLRs amplifies inflammatory signaling. In this review, we highlight and discuss that RAGE-TLR crosstalk emerges as an important driving force of chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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83
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Xia C, Braunstein Z, Toomey AC, Zhong J, Rao X. S100 Proteins As an Important Regulator of Macrophage Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 29379499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01908/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis, migration, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. The intracellular functions of S100 proteins involve interaction with intracellular receptors, membrane protein recruitment/transportation, transcriptional regulation and integrating with enzymes or nucleic acids, and DNA repair. The S100 proteins could also be released from the cytoplasm, induced by tissue/cell damage and cellular stress. The extracellular S100 proteins, serving as a danger signal, are crucial in regulating immune homeostasis, post-traumatic injury, and inflammation. Extracellular S100 proteins are also considered biomarkers for some specific diseases. In this review, we will discuss the multi-functional roles of S100 proteins, especially their potential roles associated with cell migration, differentiation, tissue repair, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xia
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amelia C Toomey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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84
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Kim I, Lee KO, Yun YJ, Jeong JY, Kim EH, Cheong H, Ryu KS, Kim NK, Suh JY. Biophysical characterization of Ca 2+-binding of S100A5 and Ca 2+-induced interaction with RAGE. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:332-338. [PMID: 28017722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
S100A5 is a calcium-binding protein of S100 family, which represents a major ligand to the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor engaged in diverse pathological processes. Here we have characterized calcium binding of S100A5 and the complex formation between S100A5 and RAGE using calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy. S100A5 binds to calcium ions in a sequential manner with the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of 1.3 μM and 3.5 μM, which corresponds to the calcium-binding at the C-terminal and N-terminal EF-hands. Upon calcium binding, S100A5 interacts with the V domain of RAGE (RAGE-v) to form a heterotrimer (KD ∼5.9 μM) that is distinct among the S100 family proteins. Chemical shift perturbation data from NMR titration experiments indicates that S100A5 employs the periphery of the dimer interface to interact with RAGE-v. Distinct binding mode and stoichiometry of RAGE against different S100 family proteins could be important to modulate diverse RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iktae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Ko On Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joo Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Jea Yeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 16 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Haekap Cheong
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 16 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 16 Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Nak-Kyoon Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
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85
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Reynaert NL, Gopal P, Rutten EP, Wouters EF, Schalkwijk CG. Advanced glycation end products and their receptor in age-related, non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases; Overview of clinical evidence and potential contributions to disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:403-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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86
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Yatime L, Betzer C, Jensen R, Mortensen S, Jensen P, Andersen G. The Structure of the RAGE:S100A6 Complex Reveals a Unique Mode of Homodimerization for S100 Proteins. Structure 2016; 24:2043-2052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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87
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S100B raises the alert in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:745-759. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high mortality and mobility, the novel therapeutic strategies of which are essentially required. The calcium binding protein S100B has emerged as a brain injury biomarker that is implicated in pathogenic process of SAH. S100B is mainly expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system and functions through initiating intracellular signaling or via interacting with cell surface receptor, such as the receptor of advanced glycation end products. The biological roles of S100B in neurons have been closely associated with its concentrations, resulting in either neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. The levels of S100B in the blood have been suggested as a biomarker to predict the progress or the prognosis of SAH. The role of S100B in the development of cerebral vasospasm and brain damage may result from the induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after SAH. To get further insight into mechanisms underlying the role of S100B in SAH based on this review might help us to find novel therapeutic targets for SAH.
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88
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Targeting of RAGE-ligand signaling impairs breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 36:1559-1572. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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89
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HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:43-64. [PMID: 27569562 PMCID: PMC5214941 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germline-encoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca2+-binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.
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90
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Komers R, Xu B, Schneider J, Oyama TT. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat on the development of nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2573-88. [PMID: 27238746 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevated serum uric acid (UA) is a risk factor for the development of kidney disease. Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (XOi), an enzyme involved in UA synthesis, have protective effects at early stages of experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, long-term effects of XOi in models of DN remain to be determined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The development of albuminuria, renal structure and molecular markers of DN were studied in type 2 diabetic Zucker obese (ZO) rats treated for 18 weeks with the XOi febuxostat and compared with vehicle-treated ZO rats, ZO rats treated with enalapril or a combination of both agents, and lean Zucker rats without metabolic defects. RESULTS Febuxostat normalized serum UA and attenuated the development of albuminuria, renal structural changes, with no significant effects on BP, metabolic control or systemic markers of oxidative stress (OS). Most of these actions were comparable with those of enalapril. Combination treatment induced marked decreases in BP and was more effective in ameliorating structural changes, expression of profibrotic genes and systemic OS than either monotherapy. Febuxostat attenuated renal protein expression of TGF-ß, CTGF, collagen 4, mesenchymal markers (FSP1 and vimentin) and a tissue marker of OS nitrotyrosine. Moreover, febuxostat attenuated TGF-ß- and S100B-induced increased expression of fibrogenic molecules in renal tubular cells in vitro in UA-free media in an Akt kinase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Febuxostat is protective and enhances the actions of enalapril in experimental DN. Multiple mechanisms might be involved, such as a reduction of UA, renal OS and inhibition of profibrotic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radko Komers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Terry T Oyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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91
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AGE-RAGE interaction in the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:631-43. [PMID: 27263094 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) proteins accumulate chemical modifications with age. One such modification is glycation, which results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In a previous study, we reported that AGEs in the human lens capsule (BM) promote the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, which we proposed as a mechanism for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or secondary cataract formation. In this study, we investigated the role of a receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT in a human lens epithelial cell line (FHL124). RAGE was present in FHL124 cells, and its levels were unaltered in cells cultured on either native or AGE-modified BM or upon treatment with TGFβ2. RAGE overexpression significantly enhanced the TGFβ2-mediated EMT responses in cells cultured on AGE-modified BM compared with the unmodified matrix. In contrast, treatment of cells with a RAGE antibody or EN-RAGE (an endogenous ligand for RAGE) resulted in a significant reduction in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT response. This was accompanied by a reduction in TGFβ2-mediated Smad signaling and ROS generation. These results imply that the interaction of matrix AGEs with RAGE plays a role in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT of lens epithelial cells and suggest that the blockade of RAGE could be a strategy to prevent PCO and other age-associated fibrosis.
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92
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Huang YK, Chou RH, Yu C. Tranilast Blocks the Interaction between the Protein S100A11 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) V Domain and Inhibits Cell Proliferation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14300-14310. [PMID: 27226584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11) is a member of the S100 protein family. Once S100A11 proteins bind to calcium ions at EF-hand motifs, S100A11 changes its conformation, promoting interaction with target proteins. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) consists of three extracellular domains, including the V domain, C1 domain, and C2 domain. In this case, the V domain is the target for mutant S100A11 (mS100A11) binding. RAGE binds to the ligands, resulting in cell proliferation, cell growth, and several signal transduction cascades. We used NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy to demonstrate the interactions between mS100A11and RAGE V domain. The tranilast molecule is a drug used for treating allergic disorders. We discovered that the RAGE V domain and tranilast would interact with mS100A11 by using (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR titrations. According to the results, we obtained two binary complex models from the HADDOCK program, S100A11-RAGE V domain and S100A11-tranilast, respectively. We overlapped two binary complex models with the same orientation of S100A11 homodimer and demonstrated that tranilast would block the binding site between S100A11 and the RAGE V domain. We further utilized a water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay to confirm this result. We think that the results will be potentially useful in the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Kai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40454, Taiwan
| | - Chin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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93
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Identification of potential biomarkers for xylene exposure by microarray analyses of gene expression and methylation. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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94
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Braley A, Kwak T, Jules J, Harja E, Landgraf R, Hudson BI. Regulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Ectodomain Shedding and Its Role in Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12057-73. [PMID: 27022018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand transmembrane receptor that can undergo proteolysis at the cell surface to release a soluble ectodomain. Here we observed that ectodomain shedding of RAGE is critical for its role in regulating signaling and cellular function. Ectodomain shedding of both human and mouse RAGE was dependent on ADAM10 activity and induced with chemical activators of shedding (ionomycin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate) and endogenous stimuli (serum and RAGE ligands). Ectopic expression of the splice variant of RAGE (RAGE splice variant 4), which is resistant to ectodomain shedding, inhibited RAGE ligand dependent cell signaling, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and cell migration. We found that blockade of RAGE ligand signaling with soluble RAGE or inhibitors of MAPK or PI3K blocked RAGE-dependent cell migration but did not affect RAGE splice variant 4 cell migration. We finally demonstrated that RAGE function is dependent on secretase activity as ADAM10 and γ-secretase inhibitors blocked RAGE ligand-mediated cell migration. Together, our data suggest that proteolysis of RAGE is critical to mediate signaling and cell function and may therefore emerge as a novel therapeutic target for RAGE-dependent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Braley
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Taekyoung Kwak
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Joel Jules
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Evis Harja
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Barry I Hudson
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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95
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Manigrasso MB, Pan J, Rai V, Zhang J, Reverdatto S, Quadri N, DeVita RJ, Ramasamy R, Shekhtman A, Schmidt AM. Small Molecule Inhibition of Ligand-Stimulated RAGE-DIAPH1 Signal Transduction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22450. [PMID: 26936329 PMCID: PMC4776135 DOI: 10.1038/srep22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) binds diverse ligands linked to chronic inflammation and disease. NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallization studies of the extracellular domains of RAGE indicate that RAGE ligands bind by distinct charge- and hydrophobicity-dependent mechanisms. The cytoplasmic tail (ct) of RAGE is essential for RAGE ligand-mediated signal transduction and consequent modulation of gene expression and cellular properties. RAGE signaling requires interaction of ctRAGE with the intracellular effector, mammalian diaphanous 1 or DIAPH1. We screened a library of 58,000 small molecules and identified 13 small molecule competitive inhibitors of ctRAGE interaction with DIAPH1. These compounds, which exhibit in vitro and in vivo inhibition of RAGE-dependent molecular processes, present attractive molecular scaffolds for the development of therapeutics against RAGE-mediated diseases, such as those linked to diabetic complications, Alzheimer’s disease, and chronic inflammation, and provide support for the feasibility of inhibition of protein-protein interaction (PPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaele B Manigrasso
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Jinhong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, 12222 New York, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, 12222 New York, USA
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- RJD Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery Consulting LLC, 332 W. Dudley Avenue, Westfield, New Jersey 07090, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, 12222 New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 New York, USA
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96
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Role of S100 Proteins in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2632703. [PMID: 26880885 PMCID: PMC4736765 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2632703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of S100 proteins represents 25 relatively small (9-13 kD) calcium binding proteins. These proteins possess a broad spectrum of important intracellular and extracellular functions. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men (after lung and prostate cancer) and the second most frequent cancer in women (after breast cancer) worldwide. S100 proteins are involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms: they enable proliferation, invasion, and migration of the tumour cells; furthermore, S100 proteins increase angiogenesis and activate NF-κβ signaling pathway, which plays a key role in the molecular pathogenesis especially of colitis-associated carcinoma. The expression of S100 proteins in the cancerous tissue and serum levels of S100 proteins might be used as a precise diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with suspected or already diagnosed colorectal neoplasia. Possibly, in the future, S100 proteins will be a therapeutic target for tailored anticancer therapy.
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97
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Explanation of Metastasis by Homeostatic Inflammation. INFLAMMATION AND METASTASIS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153410 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56024-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
If inflammation caused by either non-self or self molecules can disseminate throughout the body and inflammatory sites actively allow entry of circulating tumor cells and assist regrowth, then circulating tumor cells metastasize to the sites of inflammation. However, disrupted sites of homeostatic inflammation do not necessarily guarantee metastatic spread and subsequent regrowth.
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98
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He S, Park YH, Yorio T, Krishnamoorthy RR. Endothelin-Mediated Changes in Gene Expression in Isolated Purified Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:6144-61. [PMID: 26397462 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of evidence suggests that the vasoactive peptides endothelins (ETs) and their receptors (primarily the ETB receptor) are contributors to neurodegeneration in glaucoma. However, actions of ETs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ETs on gene expression in primary RGCs. METHODS Primary RGCs isolated from rat pups were treated with 100 nM of ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3 for 24 hours. Total RNA was extracted followed by cDNA synthesis. Changes in gene expression in RGCs were detected using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 microarray and categorized by DAVID analysis. Real-time PCR was used to validate gene expression, and immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting to confirm the protein expression of regulated genes. RESULTS There was more than 2-fold upregulation of 328, 378, or 372 genes, and downregulation of 48, 33, or 28 genes with ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3 treatment, respectively, compared to untreated controls. The Bcl-2 family, S100 family, matrix metalloproteinases, c-Jun, and ET receptors were the major genes or proteins that were regulated by endothelin treatment. Immunocytochemical staining revealed a significant increase in ETA receptor, ETB receptor, growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Jun, and Bax with ET-1 treatment. Protein levels of GAP-43 and c-Jun were confirmed by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS Expression of key proteins having regulatory roles in apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell signaling, and matrix remodeling were altered by treatment with endothelins. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelins' actions in RGCs will help understand endothelin-mediated neurodegenerative changes during ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 2North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Yong H Park
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 3Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Thomas Yorio
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 3Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Raghu R Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 2North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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99
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Maltais JS, Simard E, Froehlich U, Denault JB, Gendron L, Grandbois M. iRAGE as a novel carboxymethylated peptide that prevents advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Res 2015; 104:176-85. [PMID: 26707030 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and the receptor for AGE (RAGE) have been linked to numerous diabetic vascular complications. RAGE activation promotes a self-sustaining state of chronic inflammation and has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell types. Although previous studies in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) showed that RAGE activation increases vascular calcification and interferes with their contractile phenotype, little is known on the potential of RAGE to induce apoptosis in VSMC. Using a combination of apoptotic assays, we showed that RAGE stimulation with its ligand CML-HSA promotes apoptosis of VSMC. The formation of stress granules and the increase in the level of the associated protein HuR point toward RAGE-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is proposed as a key contributor of RAGE-induced apoptosis in VSMC as it has been shown to promote cell death via numerous mechanisms, including up-regulation of caspase-9. Chronic NF-κB activation and modulation of Bcl-2 homologs are also suspected to contribute to RAGE-dependent apoptosis in VSMC. With the goal of reducing RAGE signaling and its detrimental impact on VSMC, we designed a RAGE antagonist (iRAGE) derived from the primary amino acid sequence of HSA. The resulting CML peptide was selected for the high glycation frequency of the primary sequence in the native protein in vivo. Pretreatment with iRAGE blocked 69.6% of the increase in NF-κB signaling caused by RAGE activation with CML-HSA after 48h. Preincubation with iRAGE was successful in reducing RAGE-induced apoptosis, as seen through enhanced cell survival by SPR and reduced PARP cleavage. Activation of executioner caspases was 63.5% lower in cells treated with iRAGE before stimulation with CML-HSA. To our knowledge, iRAGE is the first antagonist shown to block AGE-RAGE interaction and we propose the molecule as an initial candidate for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Maltais
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elie Simard
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Bernard Denault
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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100
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Wu X, Wu J, Thompson CW, Li Y. Adaptive evolution of the MHC class III-encoded receptor RAGE in primates and murine rodents. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:461-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Wu
- Department of Nephrology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Yaan China
| | - C. W. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Y. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Yaan China
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