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Arantes R, Welch JR, Tavares FG, Ferreira AA, Vettore MV, Coimbra CEA. Human ecological and social determinants of dental caries among the Xavante Indigenous people in Central Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208312. [PMID: 30566453 PMCID: PMC6300322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This community study evaluates complex interactions between macro and micro determinants of oral health in a local Indigenous population based on a theoretical framework of demographic, economic, and healthcare transformation over the last half century. The study population included all residents of eight Xavante villages in Central Brazil. Our hypothetical model posited multiple direct and indirect associations between dental caries and village groups with differentiated territorial and oral care histories, as well as household socioeconomic indicators and food acquisition patterns, individual sociodemographic characteristics, use of dental health services, and oral hygiene practices. Structural equation modelling methods were used to evaluate direct and indirect associations linking exogenous factors and dental caries. Results include 18 direct and 14 indirect statistically significant pathways between determinant variables and dental caries. Significant links with dental caries were shown for socioeconomic indicators, oral healthcare variables, household food acquisition patterns, sex, and age. These findings suggest that the oral health of Xavante residents in the villages studied is associated with determinant factors of different epidemiological and historical scales. The specific historical frame of territorial circumscription and demographic crisis followed by rapid population increase since the 1970s should be considered a cause-of-cause determinant of the economic, healthcare, and sociodemographic profile contributing to oral health among the Xavante. Considering the limitations of cross-sectional studies, our findings underline the importance for oral health determination of historical currents affecting minority ethnic groups within national societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Arantes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - James R. Welch
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Guimarães Tavares
- Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Alves Ferreira
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos E. A. Coimbra
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Grossesse et état bucco-dentaire. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adesina KT, Ernest MA, Tobin AO, Isiaka-Lawal SA, Adeyemi MF, Olarinoye AO, Ezeoke GG. Oral health status of pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 38:1093-1098. [PMID: 30207492 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1454410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases have been shown to negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, yet, routine oral health care is not a component of the antenatal care package in Nigeria. This study was designed to describe the pattern of the oral conditions in pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant controls. Two hundred and twenty-five pregnant women and 166 non-pregnant controls were studied from two healthcare facilities in Ilorin. Oral-related complaints were assessed in the pregnant population while both of the groups had an oral cavity examination. The mean age of the respondents was 28.24 years ±4.77 and 80% had at least a secondary school level of education. The prevalence of oral complaints among the pregnant women was 19.1%. Gingivitis was more common among the pregnant women than the non-pregnant women, and more demonstrable on examination. Oral healthcare should be a component of the antenatal care in our environment. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Women experience oral disorders in pregnancy, which may be worsened by the physiological changes in pregnancy. What do the results of this study add? This study has demonstrated a higher prevalence of gingivitis in the pregnant women than in the non-pregnant women on oral examination. The signs of gingivitis were higher than its related complaints. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Therefore, dental care and an examination should be part of a routine antenatal care package to prevent the unwanted pregnancy outcomes that are related to oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikelomo T Adesina
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Moninuola A Ernest
- b Department of Surgery, Dental Surgery Unit , University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Abiola O Tobin
- c Dentistry Department , Sobi Specialist Hospital , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Salamat A Isiaka-Lawal
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Sobi Specialist Hospital , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Moshood F Adeyemi
- e Department of Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit , University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Adebunmi O Olarinoye
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Grace G Ezeoke
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
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Duan X, Hays A, Zhou W, Sileewa N, Upadhyayula S, Wang H, Liang S. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces exacerbated periodontal disease during pregnancy. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:145-151. [PMID: 30118804 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although pregnant women are prone to gingival inflammation, its mechanism remains unclear. Animal models are ideal for investigating immunological mechanisms in the periodontal disease. A murine model for ligature-induced periodontal disease has been modified and utilized to determine the susceptibility to periodontal inflammation and tissue damage in pregnant mice. Expression of different inflammatory mediators in the gingivae was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Inflammatory bone loss was determined by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC). Oral bacterial number was determined by the CFU (Colony Forming Units) count from anaerobic culture of oral swabs. In our experiments, ligation itself did not cause higher gingival inflammation and bone loss in pregnant mice than non-pregnant mice, while ligation combined with P. gingivalis infection led to increased gingival inflammation and periodontal bone loss, accompanied by lower gingival expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in pregnant mice. Our results indicated that P. gingivalis infection was important in inducing more severe periodontal diseases during pregnancy, which might be attributed to the down-regulated anti-inflammatory mechanisms, but not be associated with higher oral bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aislinn Hays
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nawar Sileewa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Satya Upadhyayula
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Knowledge of Periodontal Diseases, Oral Hygiene Practices, and Self-Reported Periodontal Problems among Pregnant Women and Postnatal Mothers Attending Reproductive and Child Health Clinics in Rural Zambia. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:9782092. [PMID: 30158980 PMCID: PMC6109520 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9782092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the level of knowledge of periodontal diseases, practices regarding oral hygiene, and self-perceived periodontal problems among pregnant and postnatal women attending reproductive and child health clinics in rural districts of Zambia. Methodology This was a quantitative, questionnaire-based, descriptive, and cross-sectional study that recruited 410 women aged 15 to 43 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS v19.0 computer program. Results Participants knowledgeable of periodontal diseases were 62%; gingivitis signs included gum swelling (87.4%) and bleeding (93.3%). Of all participants, 95.6% practiced tooth brushing: twice/day (38.5%), using plastic toothbrush (95.6%), chewing stick (12.2%), toothpick (10.7%), dental floss (2.0%), and tongue cleaning (55.4%). Self-reported periodontal problems were bleeding gums (23.2%), gums that were reddish (10.5%), swollen (11.0%), painful (15.9%), and mobile teeth (3.4%). In logistic regression analysis, painful gums, reddish gums, and toothpick use were 21.9, 4.7, and 4.3 respectively, significantly more likely to cause gum bleeding on tooth brushing. Conclusions Most studied women had general knowledge of periodontal diseases but only few knew the cause. All participants performed tooth cleaning; however, majority did not know appropriate practices, and only few had periodontal problems. Integration of oral health to general health promotion and periodontal therapy to pregnant women at high risk is recommended.
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Yarkac FU, Gokturk O, Demir O. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the degree of gingival inflammation and stress markers related to pregnancy. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170630. [PMID: 30043934 PMCID: PMC6063465 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy considering the salivary stress-related hormone and cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on pregnant and nonpregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty non-pregnant (control group) and 30 pregnant women (test group) that met the study inclusion criteria were chosen. Only participants with gingivitis were included. Clinical data and samples of GCF and saliva were collected at baseline and after periodontal therapy. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (Κ-1β) and IL-10, and concentration of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) hormone were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for intragroup and intergroup analyses. RESULTS A major decrease in the gingival inflammation was observed in both groups after periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Periodontal treatment decreased the level of IL-1β in GCF (p<0.05) in control group, but no statistical difference was determined for GCF IL-1β in the test group. However, after periodontal therapy, the CgA hormone concentration was reduced in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in salivary CgA concentration, GCF IL-10 levels, and perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, periodontal therapy significantly improved the periodontal status and stress level. In addition, the severity of the gingival inflammation during pregnancy was related to stress. However, further studies will be needed to substantiate these early findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ucan Yarkac
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gokturk
- Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Tokat, Turkey
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Finlayson TL, Gupta A, Ramos-Gomez FJ. Prenatal Maternal Factors, Intergenerational Transmission of Disease, and Child Oral Health Outcomes. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:483-518. [PMID: 28577633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews maternal prenatal risk factors for caries in children and intergenerational transmission of caries, emphasizing early interventions for pregnant women and mother-infant pairs. A growing body of evidence focuses on maternal interventions. Studies suggest that early prenatal clinical and educational interventions are effective at reducing mother-child mutans streptococci (MS) transmission and delaying colonization and caries in young children. Dental screenings and anticipatory guidance about maternal and infant oral health should be included in prenatal care and pediatric well visits. Dental care during pregnancy is safe and recommended and can reduce maternal MS levels. Infants should visit a dentist by age 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Finlayson
- Division of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Public Health, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Part Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Francisco J Ramos-Gomez
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951668, CHS Room 23-020B, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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58
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Bhattarai KR, Junjappa R, Handigund M, Kim HR, Chae HJ. The imprint of salivary secretion in autoimmune disorders and related pathological conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:376-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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59
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Bi J, Sun Y, Bi L, Larjava HS. Large pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma: a case report. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 39:265-267. [PMID: 29560775 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1441270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Bi
- a Faculty of Dentistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Yi Sun
- b Department of Stomatology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Liangjia Bi
- b Department of Stomatology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Hannu S Larjava
- a Faculty of Dentistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
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Elangovan GP, Muthu J, Periyasamy IK, Balu P, Kumar RS. Self-reported prenatal oral health-care practices of preterm low birth weight-delivered women belonging to different socioeconomic status: A postnatal survey. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:489-493. [PMID: 29551869 PMCID: PMC5846247 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_79_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The differences in the oral health status between the individuals with a high socioeconomic status (SES) and those with a low SES had markedly increased. There is, however, minimal information available on women understanding the need of dental hygiene for overall health and whether pregnant women comply with the current oral health strategies. In Lieu with the above, the present study aims to assess the awareness, dental hygiene practices, and the frequency of dental visits during pregnancy in postnatal women who delivered preterm low birth weight babies of different SES in and around Puducherry. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals who visited Rajiv Gandhi Maternity Centre, Puducherry for delivery were selected. Information regarding onset of prenatal care, referral to dentist, and oral hygiene habits such as frequency of brushing, type of brush used, method of brushing, and frequency of brush change were obtained. Periodontal health status was recorded using PSR system. Results: Awareness of oral hygiene practices was more among upper middle class and lower middle class compared to upper lower strata. Visit to dentist during perinatal period was high among upper middle class compared to other socioeconomic strata. Conclusions: The awareness of oral health-care practices and importance of oral care during perinatal period were less among low socioeconomic strata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jananni Muthu
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Indra Kumar Periyasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Arupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| | - Pratebha Balu
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - R Saravana Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Lasisi T, Abdus-Salam R. Pattern of Oral Health Among a Population of Pregnant Women in Southwestern Nigeria. ARCHIVES OF BASIC AND APPLIED MEDICINE 2018; 6:99-103. [PMID: 30035209 PMCID: PMC6052798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral health in pregnancy is important to the health of the pregnant woman; and good oral health plays a role in the outcome of pregnancy. However, many pregnant women and healthcare providers are either unaware of this or accord this less attention. The study was designed to describe pattern of oral health among a cohort of pregnant women. Seventy-seven pregnant women attending antenatal care at a secondary healthcare facility were evaluated in third trimester following written informed consent. Each participant had a structured data collection form administered and clinical examination conducted. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, dental and obstetric history and examination were obtained. Dental assessment involved the use of the oral hygiene, gingival, periodontal and caries indices. The data collected was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The mean age of the participants was 29.90 (± 4.38) years and all women were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Only 6.5% of the participants had dental complaints, 26% indicated brushing twice a day and 96.1% never had dental health check in the past. A good oral hygiene score was found in 40% of participants; 6.5% and 10.4% had a healthy periodontal and gingival status respectively and only 8 (10.4%) had caries. Less than half of the pregnant women had good oral health status. The antenatal care period may be an opportunity to identify oral diseases; counsel and introduce positive oral health behaviours and enhance improved personal oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.J. Lasisi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
- Department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital. P.M.B. 5017, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - R.A. Abdus-Salam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Musskopf ML, Milanesi FC, Rocha JMD, Fiorini T, Moreira CHC, Susin C, Rösing CK, Weidlich P, Oppermann RV. Oral health related quality of life among pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e002. [PMID: 29364329 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare negative impacts of oral conditions in Oral Heath Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scores in pregnant women receiving or not comprehensive periodontal treatment. This randomized controlled clinical trial included pregnant women aged between 18 and 35 years old. Participants were randomized in a test group with 96 and a control group with 114 women. Patients in the test group received comprehensive periodontal treatment, supra and subgingival scaling and root-planning and periodontal maintenance appointments. The OHIP-14 was applied before and after treatment. The primary outcome was changes in OHIP-14 scores after follow-up period. The impact of having received or not comprehensive periodontal treatment on the change of the OHIP-14 scores was also investigated. Both groups showed significant reduction in OHIP-14 scores and effect size for the test group was 0.60 and 0.36 for the control group. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that participants of the control group had 5.9-fold odds (CI 95% 1.88-18.52) of worsening in OHIP-14 scores and their perception of oral conditions in relation to test group. Comprehensive periodontal treatment during pregnancy can reduce the negative impacts in OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Liliana Musskopf
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carpes Milanesi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Mariano da Rocha
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fiorini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Weidlich
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kashetty M, Kumbhar S, Patil S, Patil P. Oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs among pregnant and nonpregnant women: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:164-170. [PMID: 29769772 PMCID: PMC5939025 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_319_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The gingival and periodontal changes during pregnancy are well known. Gingivitis is the most prevalent oral manifestations associated with pregnancy. The hormonal and vascular changes that accompany pregnancy are known to exaggerate the inflammatory response to the local irritants. Hence, a study was designed to assess oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs (TNs) among pregnant and nonpregnant women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 pregnant and 120 nonpregnant women of 18–44 years age attending the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Government Hospital of Belgaum city, Karnataka, India. The study consisted of an interview and oral examination. Type 3 examination was followed. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Gingival Index, and Community Periodontal Index and TNs Index were used to assess “oral hygiene status,” “gingival status,” and “periodontal status and TNs,” respectively. Results: The pregnant women showed poor oral hygiene with the mean OHI-S score as 2.68. Gingivitis was prevalent in almost all the pregnant and nonpregnant women. However, it was found more severe in pregnant women with mean gingival score as 1.25. A definite increase in gingivitis was found from Trimester II to Trimester III. The mean number of sextants showing healthy gingiva was significantly (P < 0.01) lower among pregnant women. Conclusions: Pregnant women showed poor oral hygiene, more gingival inflammation, and more periodontal disease as compared to nonpregnant women. The severity of gingivitis increased in Trimester III. Proper oral hygiene practice can prevent these diseases and further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kashetty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College, Solapur, Maharastra, India
| | - Sagar Kumbhar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College, Solapur, Maharastra, India
| | - Smita Patil
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive, Dentistry, S Nijalingappa college of Dental Sciences and Research, Gulbarga, India
| | - Prashant Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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Using dental and activity indicators in order to explore possible sex differences in an adult rural medieval population from Thebes (Greece). ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Assessing the subsistence strategies of past populations; through their dietary and occupational patterns; could provide important information regarding social status and possible gender differences, especially in turbulent historical periods, as the one of the Crusader’s occupation in Greece (1204-1460 AD). Therefore, the human sample from Aghia Triada in Thebes (13th-14th c. AD) serves as the ideal skeletal material. Diet was explored through two dental indicators; dental caries and tooth wear, while occupational stress was explored through three activity markers; osteoarthritis (OA), spinal facet remodeling and Schmorl’s nodes. The aims of the present study are to assess the dietary and activity patterns of the stated population and explore possible sex differentiations. A total of 126 teeth and 350 vertebrae have been examined. The entire population presents a caries rate of 16.7%, and males present a much higher caries frequency than females (25.5% males vs. 9.9% females). Furthermore, females present significantly higher rates of osteophytes than males, whereas no significant sex differences were found regarding facet remodeling and Schmorl’s nodes. Dental results confirm historical information of medieval Thebes having an agricultural economy and are also in agreement with isotopic data. In addition, our findings suggest very intense physical activity for both sexes, whereas the distribution of facet remodeling along the spine could indicate a possible gender division of labor. Our study proposes two positive correlations; between facet remodeling and osteophytes, and between Schmorl’s nodes and facet remodelling; as activity indicators in past or/and modern populations. Finally, we strongly encourage the inclusion of spinal facet remodelling in studies focusing on occupational stress.
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Michael DE, Eliopoulos C, Manolis SK. Exploring sex differences in diets and activity patterns through dental and skeletal studies in populations from ancient Corinth, Greece. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:378-392. [PMID: 29032963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex and temporal differences are assessed in relation to dietary habits and activity patterns in three ancient populations from Corinth, Greece. The skeletal sample spans time from the Geometric to the Early Byzantine Period (9th c. BCE-5th c. CE). Dental caries and tooth wear have been proven to be reliable dietary indicators. Similarly, spinal osteoarthritis, spinal facet remodeling and Schmorl's nodes, have been used to infer activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Michael
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - C Eliopoulos
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - S K Manolis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou 15701, Athens, Greece.
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Kruse AB, Kuerschner AC, Kunze M, Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Wittmer A, Vach K, Ratka-Krueger P. Association between high risk for preterm birth and changes in gingiva parameters during pregnancy—a prospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1263-1271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tettamanti L, Lauritano D, Nardone M, Gargari M, Silvestre-Rangil J, Gavoglio P, Tagliabue A. Pregnancy and periodontal disease: does exist a two-way relationship? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:112-118. [PMID: 29876036 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. PD affects 65 million adults over the age of 30 years in the USA, and worldwide 5 to 70% of adults. Women who develop PD during pregnancy, it's estimated 1 woman in 5, may have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PD during pregnancy starts by dental plaque and is increased by the action of pregnancy hormones. In order to study the effect of PD on adverse pregnancy outcomes, we have performed this narrative review summarising the current studies about the influence of PD on pregnancy. Periodontal pockets are a reservoir of oral microbiota. Modifications in oral microbiota may be considered as a potential mechanism for developing PD during pregnancy. PD is surely caused by bacteria, but the progression and worsening are due to a host immune response. The inflammation caused by PD is not limited to the oral cavity. It is hypothesized that episodes of bacteraemia and dissemination of endotoxins from periodontal pockets can induce the activation of the systemic immune response. In conclusion our narrative review shows that there's no relationship between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and PD treatment during pregnancy does not confer a general protection against adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tettamanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Center of Milan, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - P Gavoglio
- Department of DI.S.T.BI.M.O., University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Vergara-de la Rosa E, Galvez-Olortegui J, Vargas-Armas C, Galvez-Olortegui T. Do Women With a History of Pregnancy and Endodontics, Have Higher Risk of Maxillary Fungal Ball? ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adams SH, Gregorich SE, Rising SS, Hutchison M, Chung LH. Integrating a Nurse-Midwife-Led Oral Health Intervention Into CenteringPregnancy Prenatal Care: Results of a Pilot Study. J Midwifery Womens Health 2017; 62:463-469. [PMID: 28686808 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION National and professional organizations recommend oral health promotion in prenatal care to improve women's oral health. However, few prenatal programs include education about oral health promotion. The objective of this study was to determine if women receiving a brief, low-cost, and sustainable educational intervention entitled CenteringPregnancy Oral Health Promotion had clinically improved oral health compared to women receiving standard CenteringPregnancy care. METHODS Women attending CenteringPregnancy, a group prenatal care model, at 4 health centers in the San Francisco Bay Area, participated in this nonrandomized controlled pilot study in 2010 to 2011. The intervention arm received the CenteringPregnancy Oral Health Promotion intervention consisting of two 15-minute skills-based educational modules addressing maternal and infant oral health, each module presented in a separate CenteringPregnancy prenatal care session. The present analysis focused on the maternal module that included facilitated discussions and skills-building activities including proper tooth brushing. The control arm received standard CenteringPregnancy prenatal care. Dental examinations and questionnaires were administered prior to and approximately 9 weeks postintervention. Primary outcomes included the Plaque Index, percent bleeding on probing, and percent of gingival pocket depths 4 mm or greater. Secondary outcomes were self-reported oral health knowledge, attitudes (importance and self-efficacy), and behaviors (tooth brushing and flossing). Regression models tested whether pre to post changes in outcomes differed between the intervention versus the control arms. RESULTS One hundred and one women participated in the study; 49 were in the intervention arm, and 52 were in the control arm. The control and intervention arms did not vary significantly at baseline. Significant pre to post differences were noted between the arms with significant improvements in the intervention arm for the Plaque Index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depths 4 mm or greater. DISCUSSION Providing brief oral health education and skills-building activities within prenatal care may be effective in improving women's oral health during pregnancy. These findings provide support for developing a full-scale randomized clinical trial of the CenteringPregnancy Oral Health Promotion intervention.
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Ahmed AE, Albalawi AN, Alshehri AA, AlBlaihed RM, Alsalamah MA. Stress and its predictors in pregnant women: a study in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2017; 10:97-102. [PMID: 28435340 PMCID: PMC5391829 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s131474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stress during pregnancy has negative effects on children's development and pregnant women's health, no study has assessed stress and its predictors among pregnant Saudi women. The aim of this study was to assess stress and identify its predictors in a sample of pregnant Saudi women. METHODS A correlational study was carried out at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on 438 pregnant women who attended the obstetrics/gynecology clinic. We collected data on their sociodemographic and oral health status. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS The sample mean age was 30.6±5.4 years, and 33.4% of the sample reported high stress levels (PSS ≥20). The study revealed significantly high stress levels in women with no or low income, chronic disease, sleep deprivation, no teeth brushing, irregular eating patterns, gestational diabetes, and no family support (P<0.05). Self-reported oral health problems were significantly associated with high stress levels (P<0.05). A multiple linear regression model showed that no teeth brushing, chronic disease, sleep deprivation, gestational diabetes, and gingival redness predicted an increase in stress by a score of 3.6, 2.4, 2.1, 1.4, and 1.4, respectively. CONCLUSION It was estimated that three in ten pregnant women in King Abdulaziz Medical City reported high stress levels. Our study shed light on the relationship between healthy habits, oral health status, and perceived stress in pregnant women. This research may help health care practitioners who provide care to pregnant women, to educate them in regard to healthy habits, and to develop a program to reduce stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar E Ahmed
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - MNGHA, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa A Alshehri
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand M AlBlaihed
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A Alsalamah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - MNGHA, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liwei Z, Jing Z, Yong Y, Yumei Z, He L, Yufeng M, Wei Z, Xiaohong D. [Management of oral diseases during pregnancy]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:113-118. [PMID: 28682537 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Management of oral diseases during pregnancy prefers to be a comprehensive oral health care strategy throughout pre-pregnant, pregnant and prenatal stages. It provides guidance not only to promote the overall health in pregnant women, but also concern fetus development and children's oral health. Pregnancy is a time of particular vulnerability in terms of oral health due to complex physical and physiological changes. Physicians and dentists are responsible for providing professional medical care and treatment following clinical guidelines especially for pregnancy. It is also an opportune time in pregnancy to educate women about oral health care and preventing oral problems in young children. This article reviews the commonly occurring oral problems and their pathogenesis during pregnancy, dental procedures that can be carried out by physicians and preventive strategies that could be helpful in promoting oral health in both pregnant women and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liwei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zou Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - You Yong
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Yumei
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liu He
- Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Yufeng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Stomatology Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Duan Xiaohong
- School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Periodontal Health Status and Associated Factors: Findings of a Prenatal Oral Health Program in South Brazil. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:3534048. [PMID: 28465684 PMCID: PMC5390572 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3534048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aims of this study were to evaluate the periodontal health of pregnant women and to investigate the association of periodontal status with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as medical and dental history. Materials and Methods. A total of 311 pregnant women were interviewed to obtain sociodemographic data along with medical and dental histories. Clinical examinations were performed to record the presence of visible plaque, gingival bleeding, and caries activity. The periodontal condition was evaluated by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in one tooth of each sextant (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46). Results. After the adjustment analysis, the presence of visible plaque remained the main determinant of gingival bleeding (OR = 2.91, CI = 1.91–4.48). First-trimester pregnancy status was also a predictor, with a lower prevalence of gingival bleeding observed in the second (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.77–0.99) and third (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.73–0.93) trimesters. Conclusion. In pregnant women, the presence of dental plaque and first-trimester pregnancy status were the main implicated factors predicting gingival bleeding.
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Crittenden AN, Sorrentino J, Moonie SA, Peterson M, Mabulla A, Ungar PS. Oral health in transition: The Hadza foragers of Tanzania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172197. [PMID: 28296885 PMCID: PMC5351833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional wisdom holds that a decline in oral health accompanies the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, given increased consumption of carbohydrates. This widely touted example of the mismatch between our biology and modern lifestyle has been intuited largely from the bioarchaeological record of the Neolithic Revolution in the New World. Recent studies of other populations have, however, challenged the universality of this assertion. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of oral health among a living population in transition from the bush to village life, the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania, to test the hypothesis that the shift from foraging to farming, or agricultural intensification, inevitably leads to increased periodontal disease, caries, and orthodontic disorders. Our results showed that women living in villages consuming a mostly agricultural diet exhibited more caries and periodontal disease than those living in the bush consuming a mostly wild-food diet. Furthermore, men living in the bush consuming mostly a wild-food diet had more than those living in the village consuming a mostly agricultural diet. These findings are explained by the high incidence of maize consumption in village settings, along with previously recognized variation in rate of caries between men and women. The unexpected discovery of high caries incidences for men in the bush is likely explained by heavy reliance on honey, and perhaps differential access to tobacco and marijuana. These data support the notions that mechanisms of cariogenesis are multifactorial and that the relationships between oral health and the shift from a predominantly wild-food diet to one dominated by cultigens are nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Crittenden
- Metabolism, Anthropometry, and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | - John Sorrentino
- D.M.D. Family and Cosmetic Dentistry, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheniz A. Moonie
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Audax Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter S. Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rio R, Simões-Silva L, Garro S, Silva MJ, Azevedo Á, Sampaio-Maia B. Oral yeast colonization throughout pregnancy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e144-e148. [PMID: 28160578 PMCID: PMC5359706 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that placenta may harbour a unique microbiome that may have origin in maternal oral microbiome. Although the major physiological and hormonal adjustments observed in pregnant women lead to biochemical and microbiological modifications of the oral environment, very few studies evaluated the changes suffered by the oral microbiota throughout pregnancy. So, the aim of our study was to evaluate oral yeast colonization throughout pregnancy and to compare it with non-pregnant women. Material and Methods The oral yeast colonization was assessed in saliva of 30 pregnant and non-pregnant women longitudinally over a 6-months period. Demographic information was collected, a non-invasive intra-oral examination was performed and saliva flow and pH were determined. Results Pregnant and non-pregnant groups were similar regarding age and level of education. Saliva flow rate did not differ, but saliva pH was lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. Oral yeast prevalence was higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, either in the first or in the third trimester, but did not attain statistical significance. In individuals colonized with yeast, the total yeast quantification (Log10CFU/mL) increase from the 1st to the 3rd trimester in pregnant women, but not in non-pregnant women. Conclusions Pregnancy may favour oral yeast growth that may be associated with an acidic oral environment. Key words:Oral yeast, fungi, pregnancy, saliva pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal,
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Silva de Araujo Figueiredo C, Gonçalves Carvalho Rosalem C, Costa Cantanhede AL, Abreu Fonseca Thomaz ÉB, Fontoura Nogueira da Cruz MC. Systemic alterations and their oral manifestations in pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:16-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Vergara-de la Rosa E, Galvez-Olortegui J, Vargas-Armas C, Galvez-Olortegui T. Do women with a history of pregnancy and endodontics, have higher risk of maxillary fungal ball? ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2017; 68:307-308. [PMID: 28069110 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Vergara-de la Rosa
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Perú; Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú; Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Perú.
| | - José Galvez-Olortegui
- Unidad Generadora de Evidencias y Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Perú; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú
| | - Carlos Vargas-Armas
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Perú; Servicio de Periodoncia e Implante, Unidad de Segunda Especialización en Estomatología, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú
| | - Tomas Galvez-Olortegui
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Perú; Unidad Generadora de Evidencias y Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Perú
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Turton M, Africa CWJ. Further evidence for periodontal disease as a risk indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int Dent J 2016; 67:148-156. [PMID: 27988930 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is increasing evidence to suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the issue remains controversial. STUDY OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that periodontal disease is a risk indicator for preterm delivery of low-birthweight infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample comprised 443 pregnant women with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 24.13 (±5.30) years. At first visit, maternal oral health status was assessed by the measurement of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, and periodontal status was graded as absent, mild, moderate or severe. An association was sought between pregnancy outcomes and maternal periodontal status. RESULTS While controlling for other factors, significant associations were found between pregnancy outcomes and maternal periodontal index scores. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that periodontal disease is a risk indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Turton
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene W J Africa
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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78
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Clinical periodontal status and inflammatory cytokines in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alaraudanjoki V, Laitala ML, Tjäderhane L, Pesonen P, Lussi A, Ronkainen J, Anttonen V. Influence of Intrinsic Factors on Erosive Tooth Wear in a Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. Caries Res 2016; 50:508-516. [DOI: 10.1159/000448292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of self-reported intrinsic factors [gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), long-term alcoholism, long-term heavy use of alcohol and multiple pregnancies] on erosive tooth wear in a middle-aged cohort sample. Materials and Methods: Of the total Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966), a convenience sample (n = 3,181) was invited for an oral health examination in 2012-2013, of which 1,962 participated, comprising the final study group. Erosive tooth wear was assessed by sextants using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index (BEWE, 0-18). Clinical data were supplemented by questionnaires conducted in 1997/1998 and 2012/2013. The participants were divided into severe (BEWE sum ≥9) and no-to-moderate (BEWE sum 0-8) erosive wear groups, and the logistic regression model was applied. Results: Selected intrinsic factors were quite rare in this cohort sample and explained only 5.9% of the difference in the prevalence and severity of erosive wear. Daily symptoms of GERD [odds ratio (OR) 3.8, confidence interval (CI) 1.2-12.0] and hyposalivation (OR 3.8, CI 1.2-11.8) were the strongest risk indicators for severe erosive wear. Additionally, variables associated with an elevated risk for severe erosive wear were diagnosed alcoholism at any point (OR 2.5, CI 0.7-9.7) and self-reported heavy use of alcohol in both questionnaires (OR 2.0, CI 0.6-6.2). Even low-dose long-term consumption of alcohol was associated with erosive wear. Conclusions: In this cohort sample, intrinsic factors such as GERD or alcoholism alone are relatively uncommon causes of erosive tooth wear. The role of long-term use of alcohol in the erosion process may be bigger than presumed.
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Assery MK. A 22 year comparison survey of dental knowledge in Al-Jubail antenatal clinic population. Saudi Dent J 2016; 28:86-90. [PMID: 27486294 PMCID: PMC4957503 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare dental knowledge between two generations of pregnant women attending the same antenatal clinic in Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross sectional self administered questionnaire was conducted among 252 pregnant women in three different antenatal clinics. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v. 21), p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Most surveyed women were knowledgeable about dental health issues, although a large percentage did not visit dental clinics regularly during pregnancy. Results showed a decline in dental knowledge, compared with data collected 22 years ago. Pregnant women participating in the current survey had more dental problems and underwent more dental procedures than did those participating in the previous survey. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study show a decline in dental knowledge and oral health in pregnant women of the current generation, compared with those of the previous generation. Antenatal clinics should educate pregnant women more about the relationship between good oral and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour K Assery
- Dean for the Deanship for Post Graduate and Scientific Research, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Hibel LC, Schiltz H. Maternal and Infant Secretory Immunoglobulin A across the Peripartum Period. J Hum Lact 2016; 32:NP44-51. [PMID: 26467670 DOI: 10.1177/0890334415610578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations change over early infancy. The primary immunoglobulin in breast milk is sIgA, however, no study has examined the role of maternal sIgA in relation to infant salivary sIgA. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine within-source associations and mean level changes of maternal and infant sIgA across the first 6 months of life, to examine the interrelations between maternal and infant sIgA across the first 6 months of life, and to determine the association between breastfeeding and infant sIgA. METHODS Participants were a convenience sample of 51 mother-infant dyads. Salivary sIgA was collected from the mother in the third trimester. Infant and maternal salivary and maternal breast milk sIgA was collected at approximately 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Maternal salivary sIgA showed no mean level change across the visits, and levels were moderately associated over time. Breast milk sIgA was moderately associated over time; infant salivary sIgA was weakly associated over time. Both breast milk and infant sIgA levels decreased from 1 to 3 months postpartum. Maternal salivary sIgA was not related to infant or breast milk sIgA. Breastfed infants had lower levels of salivary sIgA. Likewise, higher concentrations of breast milk sIgA were related to lower concentrations of infant sIgA. CONCLUSION Maternal salivary sIgA is highly stable over the peripartum period, whereas breast milk and infant salivary sIgA was variable. Infant secretory IgA development does not depend positively on maternal salivary or breast milk sIgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Hibel
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hillary Schiltz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Gupta R, Acharya AK. Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among Pregnant Women of Raichur District, India: A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:9860387. [PMID: 27293984 PMCID: PMC4880673 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9860387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among pregnant women of Raichur district, Karnataka, India. Methods. Cross-sectional data was collected from 300 primigravidae from all the 5 taluks of Raichur district visiting the respective community health centre at taluk headquarters. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables and oral hygiene practices. A clinical examination was done according to WHO (World Health Organization) criteria 1997 and recorded using WHO Oral Health Assessment Form. Results. The mean age of the pregnant women in the study was 21.8 (2.12) years. The prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases was 62.7% and 95%, respectively. The mean DT, MT, FT, and DMFT were 2.06 (2.5), 0.03 (0.17), 0.04 (0.27), and 2.13 (2.54), respectively. The mean OHI-S was 2.87 (1.27). Chi-square test showed that CPI scores increased with the trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. The present study demonstrates poor oral hygiene and high prevalence of periodontal diseases, as well as a large proportion of unmet dental treatment needs among pregnant women of Raichur district, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
| | - Arun Kumar Acharya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India
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Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Study in a Low-Risk Population. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2016; 38:346-50. [PMID: 27208603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease has been associated with systemic inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm birth. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between periodontal disease in early pregnancy and the risk of amniotic inflammation, preterm birth, and preeclampsia. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of women undergoing amniocentesis for fetal karyotype between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation. Participants underwent periodontal examination by a certified dentist, and a sample of amniotic fluid was collected. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of one or more sites with probing depths ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 10% bleeding on probing. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in the amniotic fluid were measured. Medical charts were reviewed for perinatal outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS We recruited 273 women at a median gestational age of 16 weeks (range 15 to 24), and 258 (95%) agreed to undergo periodontal examination. Periodontal disease was observed in 117 of the participants (45%). We observed no significant association between periodontal disease and preterm birth (relative risk [RR] 2.27; 95% CI 0.74 to 6.96) or spontaneous preterm birth (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.20 to 4.11). However, women with periodontal disease were more likely to develop preeclampsia, and this association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted RR 5.89; 95% CI 1.24 to 28.05). Periodontal disease was not associated with significant differences in the intra-amniotic concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (13.0 ± 46.6 vs 5.7 ± 10.4 ng/mL, P = 0.098) or interleukin-6 (3.3 ± 20.3 vs 1.0 ± 1.6 ng/mL, P = 0.23), although a non-significant trend was observed. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease is associated with preeclampsia but not with spontaneous preterm birth. The current study cannot exclude an association between periodontal disease and intra-amniotic inflammation.
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84
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Vanterpool SF, Tomsin K, Reyes L, Zimmermann LJ, Kramer BW, Been JV. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with periodontal disease and the effectiveness of interventions in decreasing this risk: protocol for systematic overview of systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2016; 5:16. [PMID: 26832150 PMCID: PMC4735974 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. Women who have periodontal disease while pregnant may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been addressed in a considerable number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, there are important differences in the conclusions of these reviews. Systematic reviews assessing the effectivity of various therapeutic interventions to treat periodontal disease during pregnancy to try and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes have also arrived at different conclusions. We aim to provide a systematic overview of systematic reviews comparing the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes between women with and without periodontal disease and/or evaluating the effect of preventive and therapeutic interventions for periodontal disease before or during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We will include systematic reviews reporting on studies comparing adverse pregnancy outcomes: (i) between women with or without periodontal disease before (<6 months) or during pregnancy and/or (ii) according to preventive or therapeutic interventions for periodontal disease. Eligible interventions include (combinations of) the following: oral hygiene education, use of antibiotics, subgingival scaling, and root planing. For preventive and/or therapeutic reviews, the following comparisons will be considered: no intervention, a placebo intervention, or an alternative intervention. Our primary adverse pregnancy outcomes of interests are maternal mortality, preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible published and unpublished systematic reviews from six electronic databases and using hand searching of reference lists and citations. Data items extracted from included systematic reviews are based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care checklist and the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. In our narrative data synthesis, we will consider risk of bias of individual reviews, focusing mainly on the conclusions of the highest quality reviews using the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. Disagreements during search, selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment will be resolved through discussion and/or consultation of a third reviewer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015030132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizzle F Vanterpool
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kathleen Tomsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Luc J Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper V Been
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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85
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Jeelani S, Khader KA, Rangdhol RV, Dany A, Paulose S. Coalition of attitude and practice behaviors among dental practitioners regarding pregnant patient's oral health and pregnant patient's perception toward oral health in and around Pondicherry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S509-12. [PMID: 26538908 PMCID: PMC4606650 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice behaviors among general dental practitioners and assess the perception toward oral health by pregnant patients in and around Puducherry. Methodology: A self-designed and structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the dental practitioner and the pregnant patients. Results: The majority of the dental practitioners had a lack of knowledge, attitude, practice behaviors regarding pregnant patient's oral health and similarly majority of pregnant patient's perception toward oral health was poor. Conclusions: Drowning and dilemmatic attitude and practice behavior of dentists to be streamlined to render right care to the pregnant women at the right time. Perplexing perception toward oral health care by pregnant women to be overcome to orient them to understand the impact of oral health on their general systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeelani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV, Puducherry, India
| | - K Abdul Khader
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV, Puducherry, India
| | - R Vishwanath Rangdhol
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV, Puducherry, India
| | - A Dany
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swetha Paulose
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV, Puducherry, India
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86
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Gaillard JM, Berger V, Tidière M, Duncan P, Lemaître JF. Does tooth wear influence ageing? A comparative study across large herbivores. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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87
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Fleming P. Timetable for oral prevention in childhood-a current opinion. Prog Orthod 2015; 16:27. [PMID: 26307325 PMCID: PMC4549371 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-015-0098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries in young children remains a public health problem particularly for children whose families are socioeconomically deprived. A child's first dental visit should be at approximately 12 months of age and this should facilitate the provision of anticipatory guidance concerning oral health and dental development to the child's parents/guardians. Compliance with dietary advice is of key importance and motivational interviewing shows promise in relation to parents adopting good oral health practices for their children. Twice daily toothbrushing using toothpaste that contains in the range of 1000- 1500ppmF is a most important preventive measure. It is important to use a minimal amount of toothpaste, insure that it is not swallowed, have parental or adult supervision during toothbrushing and avoid rinsing with water following brushing with toothpaste. The professional application of topical fluoride varnish twice yearly is a proven caries preventative measure. The application of pit and fissure sealants to teeth with deep pits and fissures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Fleming
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
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88
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Harjunmaa U, Järnstedt J, Dewey KG, Ashorn U, Maleta K, Vosti SA, Ashorn P. Nutrient supplementation may adversely affect maternal oral health--a randomised controlled trial in rural Malawi. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2015. [PMID: 26194850 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation during pregnancy is increasingly recommended especially in low-resource settings, but its oral health impacts have not been studied. Our aim was to examine whether supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MMN) or small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements affects dental caries development or periodontal health in a rural Malawian population. The study was embedded in a controlled iLiNS-DYAD trial that enrolled 1391 pregnant women <20 gestation weeks. Women were provided with one daily iron-folic acid capsule (IFA), one capsule with 18 micronutrients (MMN) or one sachet of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) containing protein, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and 21 micronutrients. Oral examination of 1024 participants was conducted and panoramic X-ray taken within 6 weeks after delivery. The supplement groups were similar at baseline in average socio-economic, nutritional and health status. At the end of the intervention, the prevalence of caries was 56.7%, 69.1% and 63.3% (P = 0.004), and periodontitis 34.9%, 29.8% and 31.2% (P = 0.338) in the IFA, MMN and LNS groups, respectively. Compared with the IFA group, women in the MMN group had 0.60 (0.18-1.02) and in the LNS group 0.59 (0.17-1.01) higher mean number of caries lesions. In the absence of baseline oral health data, firm conclusions on causality cannot be drawn. However, although not confirmatory, the findings are consistent with a possibility that provision of MMN or LNS may have increased the caries incidence in this target population. Because of the potential public health impacts, further research on the association between gestational nutrient interventions and oral health in low-income settings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Harjunmaa
- Department of International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Järnstedt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Department of International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Stephen A Vosti
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department of International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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89
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Opeodu OI, Dosumu EB, Arowojolu MO. Periodontal Condition and Treatment Needs of Some Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:213-7. [PMID: 26097764 PMCID: PMC4455012 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.157514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal diseases had been reported to be worse in the presence of hormonal imbalance as seen during pregnancy, which if that is the case, should resolve following childbirth when the hormonal level of the women should have reverted to normal. Subjects and methods Periodontal health of 345 pregnant women was assessed once during pregnancy and at 14th week following their childbirth. The clinical variant of community periodontal index of treatment needs probe was used in the assessment. Results: During pregnancy, 167/345 (48.4%) of the women had deep pockets, 178/345 (51.6%) had shallow pockets. After childbirth, 5/345 (1.5%) had healthy periodontium, 25/345 (7.2%) had calculus and 7/345 (2.0%) had deep pockets. All of the respondents required oral hygiene instructions (OHI) and prophylaxis and 167/345 (48.4%) required complex treatment during pregnancy. After childbirth, 340/345 (98.5%) of the women required OHI and prophylaxis. Despite the great need for dental treatment among the respondents, majority never sought any treatment as 308/345 (89.3%) of the respondents had never visited a dentist before the study. Conclusion: The fact that the deep pocket reduced drastically following childbirth shows that it was not a true pocket. The high unmet treatment needs among the respondents require a concerted effort from dentists and policy makers in order to enlighten the women, especially those of child bearing age concerning the need for preventive dental visitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Opeodu
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - E B Dosumu
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M O Arowojolu
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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90
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Lu HX, Xu W, Wong MCM, Wei TY, Feng XP. Impact of periodontal conditions on the quality of life of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015; 13:67. [PMID: 26018650 PMCID: PMC4446953 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have been rarely conducted to provide a comprehensive perspective of pregnant women with the intention to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). As such, this study aimed to describe the OHRQoL of pregnant women in Shanghai, China and to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and OHRQoL of pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pregnant women in all stages of pregnancy in Shanghai, China. Clinical examinations were performed to assess periodontal conditions, including tooth loss, visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. The OHRQoL of pregnant women was determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14, Chinese version). Information regarding maternal characteristics, socio-demographic background and health-related behaviours was also obtained from the participants through the structured questionnaires. Results A total of 512 pregnant women (mean age = 27.3 ± 4.0 years)participated in the survey,giving a response rate of 91.4 %. The mean gestational age was 19 weeks (SD = 8.2). The mean and the median OHIP-14 scores were 7.92 (SD = 6.84) and 6, respectively. The mean number of negative impact items (extent) was 0.20 (SD = 0.82). Approximately 10 % of pregnant women reported at least one item with ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ (prevalence). Results of multivariable analyses showed that periodontal conditions was not significantly associated with three scoring formats of OHRQoL (severity, extent and prevalence of impact) after adjustment for pregnancy-related variables and possible confounders (all p > 0.05). However, frequency of nausea-vomiting was found to be significantly associated with severity of impacts (p = 0.012). Utilization of dental services, age and tooth loss were the significant variables to the extent of negative impacts (all p < 0.05). While no significant variable was related with prevalence of negative impacts (p > 0.05). Conclusion Pregnant women with different trimesters showed similar impact of oral disease on their OHRQoL in Shanghai, China. Periodontal health status have no impact on their OHRQoL in the fully adjusted models. Their OHRQoL was associated with early pregnancy reaction, utilisation of dental services, age and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Municipal Hospital for Oral Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tian-You Wei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xi-Ping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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91
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Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:623427. [PMID: 25873767 PMCID: PMC4385665 DOI: 10.1155/2015/623427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy has been reported since the 1960s. Though the etiology is not fully known, it is believed that increasing plasma sex steroid hormone levels during pregnancy have a dramatic effect on the periodontium. Current works of research have shown that estrogen and progesterone increasing during pregnancy are supposed to be responsible for gingivitis progression. This review is focused not only on epidemiological studies, but also on the effects of progesterone and estrogen on the change of subgingival microbiota and immunologic physiological mediators in periodontal tissue (gingiva and periodontal ligament), which provides current information about the effects of pregnancy on gingival inflammation.
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92
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Nicklisch N, Ganslmeier R, Siebert A, Friederich S, Meller H, Alt KW. Holes in teeth - Dental caries in Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany. Ann Anat 2015; 203:90-9. [PMID: 25765291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study provides diachronic insight into the epidemiology of carious defects in teeth of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany over a period of 4000 years. The data were retrieved from skeletal remains uncovered at 21 sites throughout the Middle Elbe-Saale region (MES), comprising a total of 494 individuals with preserved teeth. The data generated were examined for age- and sex-related differences in order to gain information about the dietary habits and socio-economic structures of the period with the goal of identifying potential diachronic changes. The results indicated that dietary habits changed over the course of the Neolithic period: the prevalence of caries significantly decreased between the Early and Late Neolithic. The adults from the Early Neolithic sample, particularly those from the LBK bore the highest rate of caries. This highlights the essential importance of cereals in the diet of the early farmers in the Middle Elbe-Saale region. As time went on, meat and dairy products became more and more important, which had a positive impact on dental health. The data also show sex-specific differences: women were more often affected by caries than men and female jaws also generally exhibited greater numbers of carious teeth than their male counterparts. Dental health is a reflection of both biological factors and of economic and sociocultural structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicklisch
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Robert Ganslmeier
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Angelina Siebert
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kurt W Alt
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria.
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93
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Keller A, Rohde JF, Raymond K, Heitmann BL. Association between periodontal disease and overweight and obesity: a systematic review. J Periodontol 2015; 86:766-76. [PMID: 25672656 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and obesity are among the most common chronic disorders affecting the world's populations, and recent reviews suggest a potential link between overweight/obesity and periodontitis. However, because of the scarcity of prospective evidence, previous reviews were primarily based on cross-sectional studies, with only a few longitudinal or intervention studies included. This study's objective is to examine the time-dependent association between obesity and periodontitis and how weight changes may affect the development of periodontitis in the general population. Therefore, longitudinal and experimental studies that assessed the association among overweight, obesity, weight gain, waist circumference, and periodontitis are reviewed. METHODS Intervention and longitudinal studies with overweight or obesity as exposure and periodontitis as outcome were searched through the platforms PubMed/Medline and Web of Knowledge. RESULTS Eight longitudinal and five intervention studies were included. Two of the longitudinal studies found a direct association between degree of overweight at baseline and subsequent risk of developing periodontitis, and a further three studies found a direct association between obesity and development of periodontitis among adults. Two intervention studies on the influence of obesity on periodontal treatment effects found that the response to non-surgical periodontal treatment was better among lean than obese patients; the remaining three studies did not report treatment differences between obese and lean participants. Among the eight longitudinal studies, one study adjusted for C-reactive protein (CRP) and biologic markers of inflammation such as CRP, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inflammation markers were analyzed separately in three of the five intervention studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests that overweight, obesity, weight gain, and increased waist circumference may be risk factors for development of periodontitis or worsening of periodontal measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Keller
- *Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,†Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals
| | - Jeanett F Rohde
- *Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,†Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals.,‡Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyle Raymond
- *Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,†Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- *Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,†Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals.,‡Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,§The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Australia
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94
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Periodontal treatment outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1635-41. [PMID: 25518813 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare periodontal therapy outcomes during pregnancy and after delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred nine pregnant women up to the 20th gestational week (GW) were randomized into two groups: the test group (comprehensive periodontal therapy during pregnancy) and the control group (comprehensive periodontal therapy after delivery). Periodontal examinations comprised plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume. After baseline examination, women in the test group received periodontal treatment up to the 24th GW. The final examination was performed at the 26th to the 28th GW. Women in the control group were treated 30 days after delivery and reexamined 30 days after treatment. RESULTS Periodontal therapy significantly reduced periodontal inflammation in both groups. The mean percentage of sites with BOP was reduced from 49.14 % (±22.49) to 11.10 % (±7.84) and from 45.71 % (±17.86) to 8.07 % (±5.21) in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.95). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups concerning PI, GI, PPD, CAL, and GCF. The reduction in mean percentage of sites with BOP stratified for initial PPD ≥4 mm was higher in the control group (p < 0.01), but no differences were seen regarding GCF in these sites. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal changes during pregnancy do not interfere in treatment outcomes in women with widespread gingival inflammation and limited periodontal destruction. The role of these hormonal changes in pregnant women with different disease patterns remains uncertain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontal health can be reestablished irrespective of the hormonal challenge that takes place during pregnancy.
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95
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Gümüş P, Özçaka Ö, Ceyhan-Öztürk B, Akcali A, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Evaluation of biochemical parameters and local and systemic levels of osteoactive and B-cell stimulatory factors in gestational diabetes in the presence or absence of gingivitis. J Periodontol 2014; 86:387-97. [PMID: 25494659 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as varying glucose intolerance, with first onset or recognition in pregnancy. This study evaluates clinical and biochemical parameters in a possible association between GDM and gingivitis. METHODS A total of 167 pregnant females was included in the study. There were 101 females with GDM and 66 females without GDM. Subgroups were created according to the presence or absence of gingival inflammation. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth were recorded at four sites per tooth. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Age and anthropometric indices were higher in the GDM than non-GDM group (P <0.0001). Clinical periodontal recordings, serum BAFF, IL-8, and saliva sRANKL levels were higher in the GDM group (P <0.05). Saliva IL-6 level was higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than non-GDM with gingivitis group (P = 0.044). Serum and GCF BAFF (P <0.0001), serum, saliva, and GCF APRIL (P <0.0001; P <0.0001; P = 0.032, respectively), GCF OPG (P = 0.036), and serum and saliva sRANKL (P <0.0001) were higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than GDM without gingivitis group. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory response seems to be more pronounced in females with GDM. The observed increase in both local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines may suggest an interaction between gingivitis and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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96
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Enabulele J, Ibhawoh L. Resident obstetricians' awareness of the oral health component in management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:388. [PMID: 25421787 PMCID: PMC4246477 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-014-0388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nausea and vomiting are common in early pregnancy in 50-90% of pregnant women and resolves in all but 10% of these women. Many obstetricians encounter this problem and should be familiar with the probable outcomes, current treatment options and oral health component of its management. This study assessed the awareness of obstetrics residents of the oral health component of management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Methods This study was carried out among resident doctors in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Nigeria. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. Non parametric analysis in the form of chi square was carried out to test for statistical significance with P value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results A total of 200 questionnaires were administered while 186 were filled and returned, giving a response rate of 93%, comprising 21.5% senior residents and 78.5% junior residents. Most of the respondents agreed that oral health is important in pregnancy. A majority (58%) also thought that oral health complaints in pregnancy were not normal. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents neither assessed teeth and gums of pregnant women for problems during ante-natal care nor educated them on care that would improve their oral health. Majority (95.7%) of the respondents assisted pregnant women with dealing with nausea and vomiting but were not aware of the oral health component of its management. Conclusion Oral health component in the management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy has been largely neglected in obstetric care. It is pertinent that ante-natal health care providers receive adequate education on perinatal oral health care.
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97
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Chung LH, Gregorich SE, Armitage GC, Gonzalez-Vargas J, Adams SH. Sociodemographic disparities and behavioral factors in clinical oral health status during pregnancy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 42:151-9. [PMID: 24117710 PMCID: PMC3960354 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although oral health (OH) problems are common during pregnancy, little is known about individual characteristics or behaviors relating to clinically assessed OH during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study describes the clinical OH status of a sample of pregnant women, examines relationships between sociodemographic factors and OH, behavioral factors and OH, and the influence of behavior on the relationships between sociodemographic clusters and OH. Baseline data were utilized from a pilot intervention study promoting OH during pregnancy. METHODS Participants (n = 99), recruited from CenteringPregnancy(®) prenatal care groups completed questionnaires addressing race/ethnicity, income, education, dental insurance, oral hygiene practices, and dental care utilization; and clinical examinations for periodontal probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque assessment, and visual detection of untreated decay. Chi-squares and one-way anovas with Tukey's studentized range test of planned comparisons were conducted to examine bivariable relationships between both sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics to OH status. Multivariable logistic regression analyses tested whether the effects of sociodemographic variables on OH status might be mediated by behaviors, including self-reported oral hygiene and recent dental visits. RESULTS Forty-five percent of the sample had untreated decay and the mean percentage of sites with BOP = 18%. Bivariable analyses of sociodemographic factors indicated that compared with Whites, Hispanic women had greater % of sites with: BOP, PD ≥5 mm plus BOP, and Plaque Index (PI) scores of ≥2, all P = 0.05; and greater untreated decay (Chi-square 13.3, P < 0.001). Lower income was related to greater untreated decay (Chi-square 7.6, P < 0.01). Compared with the highest education level, the lowest level group had higher % BOP, P < 0.05. Public dental insurance (versus private) was associated with greater % BOP, PD ≥5 mm plus BOP, both P < 0.05, and greater untreated decay (Chi-square 16.9, P < 0.001). Regarding behaviors, lacking a past 6-month dental visit was related to greater: BOP, PD ≥5 mm plus BOP, and PI ≥2 (F range 6.2-8.7, P < 0.01-0.05); and greater untreated decay (Chi-square 12.0, P < 0.001). Self-reported optimal oral hygiene was related to lower % BOP and PD ≥5 mm plus BOP (F range 4.5-6.7, both P < 0.05). Mediation analyses indicated that there were significant indirect effects of racial/ethnic differences on OH outcomes via having a recent dental visit (OR range 1.2-1.9). However, significant differences between the Hispanic and White groups remained. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights sociodemographic disparities in clinical OH during pregnancy, the importance of dental care, and provides useful findings for tailoring interventions for expectant mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H. Chung
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven E. Gregorich
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Gary C. Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Judy Gonzalez-Vargas
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sally H. Adams
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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98
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Martínez Pabón MC, Patiño Gómez LM, Martínez Delgado CM, López Palacio AM. Características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de la saliva durante y después del embarazo. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v16n1.35767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Dutt P, Chaudhary S, Kumar P. Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review on current knowledge and associated dental management. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 3:320-3. [PMID: 24116306 PMCID: PMC3793432 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.117926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The menopause is physiological changes in women that give rise to adaptive changes at both systemic and oral level. As we all begin to reach an older age, dental health and hygiene becomes a major concern. The dentist is often the first person to appreciate numerous changes that are experienced throughout the body during menopause. The teeth and gums are extremely susceptible to any hormonal changes that take place just before menopause and readily decrease body's ability to fight off minor infections or maintain a healthy balance of useful and harmful bacteria within the oral environment. This review aimed to develop better understanding for major oro-dental complications observed in women during menopause, and schematic approach towards the different dental management protocols used during these periods. Various internets based popular search engines were used to explore related data from literature, which includes PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, Google, Medknow, Ebsco, Science Direct, and IndMed. Upon compilation of relevant data, it was observed that periodontal health is most severely affected (up to 60%) followed by dry mouth (25%) and burning mouth (glossodynia; 15%) which, in turn, may increase the occurrence of oral mucosal and dental diseases, such as candidiasis. Though, the usage of hormone replacement therapy is effective but it does not necessarily prevent or help women with oral symptoms. Therefore, well controlled long-term randomized studies are needed to establish more authentic clinical guidelines for successful management of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dutt
- Department of Periodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, India
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100
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Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Hanioka T, Arakawa M. Relationship between IL1 gene polymorphisms and periodontal disease in Japanese women. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:227-33. [PMID: 24460370 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between IL1A and/or IL1B polymorphisms and periodontal disease is inconsistent. We investigated associations between three IL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding interleukin (IL) -1α (rs1800587) and IL-1β (rs1143634 and rs16944) and the risk of periodontal disease among young Japanese women. A case-control study was performed with a total of 1150 women, including 131 subjects who had at least one tooth with a probing pocket depth of 4 mm or deeper and 1019 periodontally healthy controls. Compared with a reference group of women with the GG genotype of SNP rs16944, those with the GA genotype had a significantly reduced risk of periodontal disease, while there was no significant relationship between the AA genotype and periodontal disease. No evident relationships were observed between SNP rs1800587 or rs1143634 and periodontal disease. Our study did not reveal any evidence of interaction between the IL1 polymorphisms and smoking. The results of this study showed that the heterozygous variant genotype of the IL1 rs16944 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of periodontal disease in young Japanese women. Smoking did not significantly modify the gene-disease associations under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- 1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka, Japan
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