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Dadwal A, Singh V, Sharma S, Satyanarayana T. Structural aspects of β-glucosidase of Myceliophthora thermophila (MtBgl3c) by homology modelling and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5211-5228. [PMID: 33413029 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1869095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases are the enzymes with diverse range of industrial applications. Cellulases degrade cellulose into monomeric glucose units by hydrolysing β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. There are three components of cellulases: a) endoglucanase, b) exoglucanase and c) β-glucosidase which act synergistically in cellulose bioconversion. The cellulases are the third largest industrial enzymes with a great potential in bioethanol production. In this investigation, a β-glucosidase of a thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (MtBgl3c) was analysed for its structural characterization using in silico approaches. The protein structure of MtBgl3c is unknown, therefore an attempt has been made to model 3D structure using Modeller 9.23 software. The MtBgl3c protein model generated was validated from Verify 3D and ERRAT scores of 89.37% and 71.25%, respectively derived from SAVES. Using RAMPAGE the Ramachandran plot was generated, which predicted the accuracy of the 3D model with 91.5% amino acid residues in the favored region. The ion binding and N-glycosylation sites were also predicted. The generated model was docked with cellobiose to predict the most favorable binding sites of MtBgl3c. The key amino acid residues involved in cellobiose bonding are Val88, Asp106, Asp287, Tyr255, Arg170, Glu514. The catalytic conserved amino residues of MtBgl3c were identified. The dock score of cellobiose with MtBgl3c is much lower (-6.46 kcal/mol) than that of glucose (-5.61 kcal/mol), suggesting its high affinity for cellobiose. The docking data of MtBgl3c with glucose illustrate its tolerance to glucose. The present study provides insight into structural characteristics of the MtBgl3c which can be further validated by experimental data. Highlights3D structure of β-glucosidase (MtBgl3c) of Myceliophthora thermophila is being proposed based on computational analysesThe amino acid residues Asp106, Asp287, Tyr255, Arg170 and Glu514 have been identified to play catalytically important role in substrate bindingDocking and interaction of MtBgl3c with cellobiose and glucose has been confirmedDocking analysis of MtBgl3c with glucose suggested its glucose toleranceThe data would be useful in engineering enzymes for attaining higher catalytic efficiencyCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Dadwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
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Lima RAT, De Oliveira G, Souza AA, Lopes FAC, Santana RH, Istvan P, Quirino BF, Barbosa J, De Freitas S, Garay AV, Krüger RH. Functional and structural characterization of a novel GH3 β-glucosidase from the gut metagenome of the Brazilian Cerrado termite Syntermes wheeleri. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:822-834. [PMID: 33011259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a GH3 family β-glucosidase (Bgl7226) from metagenomic sequences of the Syntermes wheeleri gut, a Brazilian Cerrado termite, was expressed, purified and characterized. The enzyme showed two optimum pHs (pH 7 and pH 10), and a maximum optimum temperature of about 40 °C using 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. Bgl7226 showed higher enzymatic activity at basic pH, but higher affinity (Km) at neutral pH. However, at neutral pH the Bgl7226 enzyme showed higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for pNPG substrate. Predictive analysis about the enzyme structure-function relationship by sequence alignment suggested the presence of multi-domains and conserved catalytic sites. Circular dichroism results showed that the secondary structure composition of the enzyme is pH-dependent. Small conformational changes occurred close to the optimum temperature of 40 o C, and seem important for the highest activity of Bgl7226 observed at pH 7 and 10. In addition, the small transition in the unfolding curves close to 40 o C is typical of intermediates associated with proteins structured in several domains. Bgl7226 has significant β-glucosidase activity which could be attractive for biotechnological applications, such as plant roots detoxification; specifically, our group is interested in cassava roots (Manihot esculenta) detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideane De Oliveira
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araújo Souza
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Henrique Santana
- Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina Campus, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Paula Istvan
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology, Israel
| | - Betania Ferraz Quirino
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Parque Estação Biológica (PqEB), PqEB s/n°, Brasília, DF 70770-901, Brazil
| | - João Barbosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sonia De Freitas
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aisel Valle Garay
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Department of Cell Biology, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Vieira TF, Corrêa RCG, Peralta RA, Peralta-Muniz-Moreira RF, Bracht A, Peralta RM. An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1759-1777. [PMID: 32039673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180517120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. METHODS The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. RESULTS The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. CONCLUSION A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F Vieira
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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54
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Jiang Z, Meng Q, Niu Q, Wang S, Yan H, Li Q. Understanding the key regulatory functions of red mud in cellulose breakdown and succession of β-glucosidase microbial community during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124265. [PMID: 33099095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of red mud on cellulose degradation and the succession of β-glucosidase microbial community in composting to better enhance the quality of compost. The activity of β-glucosidase in the treatment group with red mud (T) was 0.42-1.07 times higher than that in the control group without red mud (CK) from day 7 to 21 of composting. The final cellulose degradation ratios of the T (84.73%) were 10.02% higher than that of the CK (74.71%). In addition, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota were the most dominant β-glucosidase-producing microbes, and these microbes were also the phyla causing composting performances differences in the high temperature, cooling, and maturity periods of CK and T. These results indicated that adding red mud can improve β-glucosidase activity and boost the breakdown of cellulose in composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingran Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiuqi Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Susu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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55
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Qu X, Ding B, Li J, Liang M, Du L, Wei Y, Huang R, Pang H. Characterization of a GH3 halophilic β-glucosidase from Pseudoalteromonas and its NaCl-induced activity toward isoflavones. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1392-1398. [PMID: 32763400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel β-glucosidase gene was isolated from Pseudoalteromonas sp. GXQ-1 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The activity of the encoded enzyme, PABGL, toward p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was increased 8.74-fold by the presence of 3 M NaCl relative to the absence of added NaCl. PABGL hydrolyzed a variety of soy isoflavone substrates. For the conversion of daidzin to daidzein, the production rate was 1.44 mM/h. The addition of NaCl enhanced the hydrolytic activity of PABGL toward daidzin and genistein; the maximum activation by NaCl was 3.48- and 6.79-fold, respectively. This is the first report of a halophilic β-glucosidase from Pseudoalteromonas spp., and represents the β-glucosidase with the highest multiple of activation by NaCl. PABGL exhibits strong potential for applications in food processing and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liqin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yutuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ribo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Bio-refinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China.
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56
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Mateo JJ, Andreu L. Characterization of an exocellular ethanol-tolerant β-glucosidase from Quambalaria cyanescens isolates from unripened grapes. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Gelain L, Kingma E, Geraldo da Cruz Pradella J, Carvalho da Costa A, van der Wielen L, van Gulik WM. Continuous production of enzymes under carbon-limited conditions by Trichoderma harzianum P49P11. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:177-183. [PMID: 33622533 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-limited chemostat cultures were performed using different carbon sources (glucose, 10 and 20 g/L; sucrose, 10 g/L; fructose/glucose, 5.26/5.26 g/L; carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 g/L; and carboxymethyl cellulose/glucose, 5/5 g/L) to verify the capability of the wild type strain Trichoderma harzianum to produce extracellular enzymes. All chemostat cultures were carried out at a fixed dilution rate of 0.05 h-1. Experiments using glucose, fructose/glucose and sucrose were performed in duplicate. Glucose condition was found to induce the production of enzymes that can catalyse the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (PNPGase). A concentration of 20 g/L of glucose in the feed provided the highest productivity (1048 ± 16 U/mol h). Extracellular polysaccharides were considered the source of inducers. Based on the obtained results, a new PNPGase production process was developed using mainly glucose. This process raises interesting possibilities of synthesizing the inducer substrate and the induced enzymes in a single step using an easily assimilated carbon source under carbon-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gelain
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Esther Kingma
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - José Geraldo da Cruz Pradella
- Federal University of São Paulo, Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes, 1201, S. J. Campos, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho da Costa
- University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luuk van der Wielen
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, V94 T9PX, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Walter M van Gulik
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
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58
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All4894 encoding a novel fasciclin (FAS-1 domain) protein of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 revealed the presence of a thermostable β-glucosidase. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Thenchartanan P, Pitchayatanakorn P, Wattana-Amorn P, Ardá A, Svasti J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kongsaeree PT. Synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucosides via reverse hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by an engineered β-glucosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109591. [PMID: 32912700 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain alkyl glucosides, such as octyl and decyl β-d-glucopyranosides (OG and DG, respectively), are regarded as a new generation of biodegradable, non-ionic surfactants. Previously, the mutants of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre dalcochinase showed potential in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and alkyl glucosides. In this study, the N189F dalcochinase mutant gave the highest yields of OG and DG synthesis under reverse hydrolysis conditions. The optimized yield of OG (57.5 mol%) was obtained in the reactions containing 0.25 M glucose and 0.3 units of the N189 F mutant in buffer-saturated octanol at 30 °C. The identity of OG and DG products was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and NMR. Consistent with its capability for synthesis, the reactivation kinetics and ITC analysis revealed that the aglycone binding pocket of the N189F mutant was more favorable for long-chain alkyl alcohols than the wild-type dalcochinase, while their glycone binding pockets showed similar affinity for the glucosyl moiety. STD NMR revealed higher interactions at the aglycone sites than the glycone sites. Our results demonstrated a promising potential of the N189F dalcochinase mutant in the future commercial production of long-chain alkyl glucosides via reverse hydrolysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpanna Thenchartanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phiraya Pitchayatanakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Department of Chemistry, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE (Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences); Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE (Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences); Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Mª Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Prachumporn T Kongsaeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Sun J, Ma Y, Xu X, Liu Z, Zou L. Molecular cloning and bioinformatics analyses of a GH3 beta-glucosidase from Auricularia heimuer. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1807407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yisha Ma
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xinru Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zengcai Liu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Homology analysis of 35 β-glucosidases in Oenococcus oeni and biochemical characterization of a novel β-glucosidase BGL0224. Food Chem 2020; 334:127593. [PMID: 32711276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases play an important role in food industry. Oenococcus oeni are typical lactic acid bacteria that initiate malolactic fermentation of wines. 35 β-glucosidases from O. oeni were selected and their conserved domains and evolutionary relationships were further explored in this study. The homology analysis results indicated that 35 β-glucosidases were basically derived from GH1 and GH3 family. A novel β-glucosidase was successfully expressed and characterized. The recombinant protein, referred to as BGL0224, consisted of a total 480 amino acids with an apparent molecular weight of 55.15 kDa and was classified as GH1 family. It achieved the highest activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C. The activity and stability were significantly increased when 12% ethanol was supplemented to the enzyme. Using p-NPG as substrate, the Km, Vmax and Kcat of BGL0224 were 0.34 mM, 382.81 U/mg and 351.88 s-1, respectively. In all, BGL0224 has good application prospects in food industry.
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Kim DY, Kim J, Lee SH, Chung C, Shin DH, Ku BH, Son KH, Park HY. A d-glucose- and d-xylose-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase from Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13, a fibrolytic gut bacterium of Eisenia fetida. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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63
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Wu F, You Y, Werner D, Jiao S, Hu J, Zhang X, Wan Y, Liu J, Wang B, Wang X. Carbon nanomaterials affect carbon cycle-related functions of the soil microbial community and the coupling of nutrient cycles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122144. [PMID: 32006845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have examined changes in soil microbial community structure and composition by carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Few, however, have investigated their impact on microbial community functions. This study explored how fullerene (C60) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M50) altered functionality of an agricultural soil microbial community (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), using microcosm experiments combined with GeoChip microarray. M50 had a stronger effect than C60 on alpha diversity of microbial functional genes; both CNMs increased beta diversity, resulting in functional profiles distinct from the control. M50 exerted a broader, severer impact on microbially mediated nutrient cycles. Together, these two CNMs affected CO2 fixation pathways, microbial degradation of diverse carbohydrates, secondary plant metabolites, lipids and phospholipids, proteins, as well as methanogenesis and methane oxidation. They also suppressed nitrogen fixation, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrogen reduction, eukaryotic assimilatory nitrogen reduction, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Phosphorus and sulfur cycles were less vulnerable; only phytic acid hydrolysis and sulfite reduction were inhibited by M50 but not C60. Network analysis suggested decoupling of nutrient cycles by CNMs, manifesting closer and more hierarchical gene networks. This work reinforces profound impact of CNMs on soil microbial community functions and ecosystem services, laying a path for future investigation in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaqi You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - David Werner
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shuo Jiao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Colletti A, Attrovio A, Boffa L, Mantegna S, Cravotto G. Valorisation of By-Products from Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Processing. Molecules 2020; 25:E2129. [PMID: 32370073 PMCID: PMC7248727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increased awareness of the health benefits associated with consuming soy-based foods, knowledge of milk-related allergies and a move towards more sustainable food production have led to an increase in the number of available soy-based products. The biggest producers in the world, the USA, South America and China, are from the Pacific region. This enormous production is accompanied by the accumulation of related by-products, in particular, a substance that is known as okara. Okara is a paste that is rich in fibre (50%), protein (25%), fat (10%), vitamins and trace elements. Its proper use would lead to economic advantages and a reduction in the potential for polluting the environment. Its high fibre content and low production costs mean that it could also be used as a dietary supplement to prevent diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidaemia. Chemical or enzymatic treatment, fermentation, extrusion, high pressure and micronisation can all increase the soluble fibre content, and thus improve nutritional quality and processing properties. However, the product also degrades rapidly due to its high moisture content (70-80%), which makes it difficult to handle and expensive to dry by conventional means. The aim of this paper is therefore to thoroughly study the existing literature on this subject in order to develop a general protocol for okara exploitation and valorisation. A cost/benefit analysis could drive the design of eco-friendly, sustainable protocols for the preparation of high-value nutritional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (L.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrea Attrovio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (L.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Luisa Boffa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (L.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Mantegna
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (L.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (L.B.); (S.M.)
- Centre of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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65
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Monteiro LMO, Vici AC, Pinheiro MP, Heinen PR, de Oliveira AHC, Ward RJ, Prade RA, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTDM. A Highly Glucose Tolerant ß-Glucosidase from Malbranchea pulchella (MpBg3) Enables Cellulose Saccharification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6998. [PMID: 32332833 PMCID: PMC7181827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis β-1,4, β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucosidic linkages from non-reducing end of short chain oligosaccharides, alkyl and aryl β-D-glucosides and disaccharides. They catalyze the rate-limiting reaction in the conversion of cellobiose to glucose in the saccharification of cellulose for second-generation ethanol production, and due to this important role the search for glucose tolerant enzymes is of biochemical and biotechnological importance. In this study we characterize a family 3 glycosyl hydrolase (GH3) β-glucosidase (Bgl) produced by Malbranchea pulchella (MpBgl3) grown on cellobiose as the sole carbon source. Kinetic characterization revealed that the MpBgl3 was highly tolerant to glucose, which is in contrast to many Bgls that are completely inhibited by glucose. A 3D model of MpBgl3 was generated by molecular modeling and used for the evaluation of structural differences with a Bgl3 that is inhibited by glucose. Taken together, our results provide new clues to understand the glucose tolerance in GH3 β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pinto Pinheiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociência (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Richard John Ward
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolf Alexander Prade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Matão Street, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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66
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Xu Y, Zang J, Regenstein JM, Xia W. Technological roles of microorganisms in fish fermentation: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1000-1012. [PMID: 32292041 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1750342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation is an important way to process and preserve fish. It not only gives the product a unique flavor and texture, but it also contributes to increased nutritional value and better functional properties. The production of fermented fish relies on naturally occurring enzymes (in the muscle or the intestinal tract) as well as microbial metabolic activity. This review focuses on the role of microorganisms on texture change, flavor formation, and biogenic amines accumulation in fermented fish. In addition, the production conditions and the major biochemical changes in fermented fish products are also introduced to help understand the factors influencing the quality of fermented fish. Moreover, prospects for further research of fermented fish are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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67
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Walsh J, Olavarria-Ramirez L, Lach G, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Hyland NP, Clarke G. Impact of host and environmental factors on β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity: implications for gastrointestinal serotonin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G816-G826. [PMID: 32146834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses a reservoir of bacterial-derived enzymes that can directly catalyze the metabolism of drugs, dietary elements and endogenous molecules. Both host and environmental factors may influence this enzymatic activity, with the potential to dictate the availability of the biologically-active form of endogenous molecules in the gut and influence inter-individual variation in drug metabolism. We aimed to investigate the influence of the microbiota, and the modulation of its composition, on fecal enzymatic activity. Intrinsic factors related to the host, including age, sex and genetic background, were also explored. Fecalase, a cell-free extract of feces, was prepared and used in a colorimetric-based assay to quantify enzymatic activity. To demonstrate the functional effects of fecal enzymatic activity, we examined β-glucuronidase-mediated cleavage of serotonin β-d-glucuronide (5-HT-GLU) and the resultant production of free 5-HT by HPLC. As expected, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity were absent in germ-free mice. Enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by mouse strain and animal species. Sex and age significantly altered metabolic activity with implications for free 5-HT. β-Glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity remained at reduced levels for nearly two weeks after cessation of antibiotic administration. This effect on fecalase corresponded to significantly lower 5-HT levels as compared with incubation with pre-antibiotic fecalase from the same mice. Dietary targeting of the microbiota using prebiotics did not alter β-glucuronidase or β-glucosidase activity. Our data demonstrate that multiple factors influence the activity of bacterial-derived enzymes which may have potential clinical implications for drug metabolism and the deconjugation of host-produced glucuronides in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article explores a comprehensive range of host and environmental factors that introduce variability in the expression of bacterial-derived metabolic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that altered β-glucuronidase activity has implications for the bioavailability of luminal serotonin. The experimental approach employed, fecalase, provides a mechanistic basis and translational platform to further delineate the functional outputs of altered metabolic activity, and the associated physiological effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on host response to drugs and host-produced glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Loreto Olavarria-Ramirez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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68
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Raza A, Pothula R, Abdelgaffar H, Bashir S, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Identification and functional characterization of a β-glucosidase from Bacillus tequelensis BD69 expressed in bacterial and yeast heterologous systems. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8792. [PMID: 32266116 PMCID: PMC7115751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification and characterization of novel β-glucosidase genes has attracted considerable attention because of their valuable use in a variety of industrial applications, ranging from biofuel production to improved digestibility of animal feed. We previously isolated a fiber-degrading strain of Bacillus tequelensis from buffalo dung samples, and the goal of the current work was to identify β-glucosidase genes in this strain. We describe the cloning and expression of a new β-glucosidase gene (Bteqβgluc) from Bacillus tequelensis strain BD69 in bacterial and yeast hosts. The recombinant Bteqβgluc were used to characterize specificity and activity parameters, and candidate active residues involved in hydrolysis of different substrates were identified through molecular docking. Methods The full length Bteqβgluc gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris cultures. Recombinant Bteqβgluc proteins were purified by immobilized metal affinity or anion exchange chromatography and used in β-glucosidase activity assays measuring hydrolysis of ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). Activity parameters were determined by testing relative β-glucosidase activity after incubation under different temperature and pH conditions. Candidate active residues in Bteqβgluc were identified using molecular operating environment (MOE) software. Results The cloned Bteqβgluc gene belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 4 and encoded a 54.35 kDa protein. Specific activity of the recombinant β-glucosidase was higher when expressed in P. pastoris (1,462.25 U/mg) than in E. coli (1,445.09 U/mg) hosts using same amount of enzyme. Optimum activity was detected at pH 5 and 50 °C. The activation energy (E a) was 44.18 and 45.29 kJ/mol for Bteqβgluc produced by P. pastoris and E. coli, respectively. Results from other kinetic parameter determinations, including pK a for the ionizable groups in the active site, Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG ‡), entropy of activation (ΔS ‡), Michaelis constant (K m) and maximum reaction velocity (V max) for pNPG hydrolysis support unique kinetics and functional characteristics that may be of interest for industrial applications. Molecular docking analysis identified Glu, Asn, Phe, Tyr, Thr and Gln residues as important in protein-ligand catalytic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ratnasri Pothula
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Heba Abdelgaffar
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Saira Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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69
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Biswas P, Adhikari A, Pal U, Singh P, Das M, Saha-Dasgupta T, Choudhury SS, Das R, Pal SK. Flexibility modulates the catalytic activity of a thermostable enzyme: key information from optical spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3050-3062. [PMID: 32133476 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are dynamical macromolecules and their conformation can be altered via local fluctuations of side chains, large scale loop and even domain motions which are intimately linked to their function. Herein, we have addressed the role of dynamic flexibility in the catalytic activity of a thermostable enzyme almond beta-glucosidase (BGL). Optical spectroscopy and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were employed to study the thermal stability, catalytic activity and dynamical flexibility of the enzyme. An enzyme assay reveals high thermal stability and optimum catalytic activity at 333 K. Polarization-gated fluorescence anisotropy measurements employing 8-anilino-1-napthelenesulfonic acid (ANS) have indicated increasing flexibility of the enzyme with an increase in temperature. A study of the atomic 3D structure of the enzyme shows the presence of four loop regions (LRs) strategically placed over the catalytic barrel as a lid. MD simulations have indicated that the flexibility of BGL increases concurrently with temperature through different fluctuating characteristics of the enzyme's LRs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) simulation manifest the gatekeeper role of the four LRs through their dynamic fluctuations surrounding the active site which controls the catalytic activity of BGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India.
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70
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Satti SM, Shah AA. Polyester-based biodegradable plastics: an approach towards sustainable development. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:413-430. [PMID: 32086820 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-degradability of conventional plastics, filling of landfill sites, raising water and land pollution and rapid depletion of fossil resources have raised the environmental issues and global concerns. The current demand and production of plastics is putting immense pressure on fossil resources, consuming about 6% of the global oil and is expected to grow up to 20%. The polyester-based biodegradable plastics (BPs) are considered as a remedy to the issue of plastics waste in the environment. BPs appear to manage the overflow of plastics by providing new means of waste management system and help in securing the non-renewable resources of nature. This review comprehensively presents the environmental burdens due to conventional plastics as well as production of polyester-based BPs as an alternative to conventional commodity plastics. The diversity of micro-organisms and their enzymes that degrade various polyester-based BPs (PLA, PCL, PHB/PHBV and PET) has also been described in detail. Moreover, the impact of plastics degradation products on soil ecology and ecosystem functions has critically been discussed. The report ends with special focus on future recommendations for the development of sustainable waste management strategies to control pollution due to plastics waste. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Polyester-based BPs considered as a solution to current plastic waste problem as well as leading polymers in terms of biodegradability and sustainability has been critically discussed. The role of microorganisms and their enzymes involved in the biodegradation of these polymers and ecotoxicological impact of degradation products of BPs on soil microbial community and biogeochemical cycles has also been described. This report will provide an insight on the key research areas to bridge the gap for development of simulated systems as an effective and emerging strategy to divert the overflow of plastic in the environment as well as for the greener solution to the plastic waste management problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A A Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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71
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Ma Z, Mi Y, Han X, Li H, Tian M, Duan Z, Fan D, Ma P. Transformation of ginsenoside via deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride as an enzymatic reaction medium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1195-1208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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72
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Mafa MS, Dirr HW, Malgas S, Krause RWM, Rashamuse K, Pletschke BI. A Novel Dimeric Exoglucanase (GH5_38): Biochemical and Structural Characterisation towards its Application in Alkyl Cellobioside Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:E746. [PMID: 32050450 PMCID: PMC7036808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An exoglucanase (Exg-D) from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 38 (GH5_38) was heterologously expressed and structurally and biochemically characterised at a molecular level for its application in alkyl glycoside synthesis. The purified Exg-D existed in both dimeric and monomeric forms in solution, which showed highest activity on mixed-linked β-glucan (88.0 and 86.7 U/mg protein, respectively) and lichenin (24.5 and 23.7 U/mg protein, respectively). They displayed a broad optimum pH range from 5.5 to 7 and a temperature optimum from 40 to 60 °C. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Exg-D had a higher affinity towards β-glucan, with a Km of 7.9 mg/mL and a kcat of 117.2 s-1, compared to lichenin which had a Km of 21.5 mg/mL and a kcat of 70.0 s-1. The circular dichroism profile of Exg-D showed that its secondary structure consisted of 11% α-helices, 36% β-strands and 53% coils. Exg-D performed transglycosylation using p-nitrophenyl cellobioside as a glycosyl donor and several primary alcohols as acceptors to produce methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-cellobiosides. These products were identified and quantified via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We concluded that Exg-D is a novel and promising oligomeric glycoside hydrolase for the one-step synthesis of alkyl glycosides with more than one monosaccharide unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho S. Mafa
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Heinrich W. Dirr
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | | | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
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Characterization and diversity of the complete set of GH family 3 enzymes from Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4253. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1329. [PMID: 31992772 PMCID: PMC6987092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4253 encodes six glycoside hydrolases (GH) classified under GH family 3 (GH3): RmBgl3A, RmBgl3B, RmBgl3C, RmXyl3A, RmXyl3B and RmNag3. The biochemical function, modelled 3D-structure, gene cluster and evolutionary relationships of each of these enzymes were studied. The six enzymes were clustered into three major evolutionary lineages of GH3: β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidases, β-1,4-glucosidases/β-xylosidases and macrolide β-glucosidases. The RmNag3 with additional β-lactamase domain clustered with the deepest rooted GH3-lineage of β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidases and was active on acetyl-chitooligosaccharides. RmBgl3B displayed β-1,4-glucosidase activity and was the only representative of the lineage clustered with macrolide β-glucosidases from Actinomycetes. The β-xylosidases, RmXyl3A and RmXyl3B, and the β-glucosidases RmBgl3A and RmBgl3C clustered within the major β-glucosidases/β-xylosidases evolutionary lineage. RmXyl3A and RmXyl3B showed β-xylosidase activity with different specificities for para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked substrates and xylooligosaccharides. RmBgl3A displayed β-1,4-glucosidase/β-xylosidase activity while RmBgl3C was active on pNP-β-Glc and β-1,3-1,4-linked glucosyl disaccharides. Putative polysaccharide utilization gene clusters were also investigated for both R. marinus DSM 4253 and DSM 4252T (homolog strain). The analysis showed that in the homolog strain DSM 4252TRmar_1080 (RmXyl3A) and Rmar_1081 (RmXyl3B) are parts of a putative polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) for xylan utilization.
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74
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Shen Y, Li Z, Huo YY, Bao L, Gao B, Xiao P, Hu X, Xu XW, Li J. Structural and Functional Insights Into CmGH1, a Novel GH39 Family β-Glucosidase From Deep-Sea Bacterium. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2922. [PMID: 31921083 PMCID: PMC6933502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosidases play key roles in many diseases and are limiting enzymes during cellulose degradation, which is an important part of global carbon cycle. Here, we identified a novel β-glucosidase, CmGH1, isolated from marine bacterium Croceicoccus marinus E4A9T. In spite of its high sequence and structural similarity with β-xylosidase family members, CmGH1 had enzymatic activity toward p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) and cellobiose. The Km and Kcat values of CmGH1 toward p-NPG were 0.332 ± 0.038 mM and 2.15 ± 0.081 min–1, respectively. CmGH1 was tolerant to high concentration salts, detergents, as well as many kinds of organic solvents. The crystal structure of CmGH1 was resolved with a 1.8 Å resolution, which showed that CmGH1 was composed of a canonical (α/β)8-barrel catalytic domain and an auxiliary β-sandwich domain. Although no canonical catalytic triad residues were found in CmGH1, structural comparison and mutagenesis analysis suggested that residues Gln157 and Tyr264 of CmGH1 were the active sites. Mutant Q157E significantly increased its hydrolase activity up to 15-fold, whereas Y264E totally abolished its enzymatic activity. These results might provide new insights into understanding the different catalytic mechanism during evolution for β-glucosidases and β-xylosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Yi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Characterization of an extremely thermo-active archaeal β-glucosidase and its activity towards glucan and mannan in concert with an endoglucanase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9505-9514. [PMID: 31713674 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A metagenome from an enrichment culture of a hydrothermal vent sample taken at Vulcano Island (Italy) was sequenced and an endoglucanase-encoding gene (vul_cel5A) was identified in a previous work. Vul_Cel5A with maximal activity at 115 °C was characterized as the most heat-active endoglucanase to date. Based on metagenome sequences, genomes were binned and bin4 included vul_cel5A as well as a putative GH1 β-glycosidase-encoding gene (vul_bgl1A) with highest identities to sequences from the archaeal genus Thermococcus. The recombinant β-glucosidase Vul_Bgl1A produced in E. coli BL21 pQE-80L exhibited highest activity at 105 °C and pH 7.0 (76.12 ± 5.4 U/mg, 100%) using 4NP β-D-glucopyranoside as substrate and 61% relative activity at 120 °C. Accordingly, Vul_Bgl1A represents one of the most heat-active β-glucosidases to date. The enzyme has a broad substrate specificity with 155% activity towards 4NP β-D-mannopyranoside in comparison with 4NP β-D-glucopyranoside. Moreover, nearly complete hydrolysis of cellobiose was demonstrated. The enzyme exhibited a high glucose tolerance with 26% residual activity in presence of 2 M glucose and was furthermore activated at glucose concentrations of up to 0.5 M. When the endoglucanase Vul_Cel5A and the β-glucosidase Vul_Bgl1A were applied simultaneously at 99 °C, 158% activity towards barley β-glucan and 215% towards mannan were achieved compared with the activity of Vul_Cel5A alone (100%). Consequently, a significant increase in glucose formation was observed when both enzymes were incubated with β-glucan and mannan suggesting a synergistic effect. Hence, the two archaeal extremozymes are ideal candidates for complete glucan and mannan saccharification at temperatures above the boiling point of water.
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76
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Chen J, Li J, Liu K, Hong M, You R, Qu P, Chen M. Subcritical Methanolysis of Starch and Transglycosidation to Produce Dodecyl Polyglucosides. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16372-16377. [PMID: 31616815 PMCID: PMC6787906 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants based on carbohydrates are of special interest because of their production from renewable resources, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Dodecyl polyglucosides, a type of nonionic surfactant synthesized with methyl polyglucosides obtained from the eco-friendly subcritical methanolysis of renewable resource of starch, is no doubt good for ecosystem. With the subcritical methanolysis of starch, the methyl polyglucosides were obtained without any catalyst. Under the reaction condition of the weight ratio of methanol to starch of 7.5, temperature of 220 °C, and reaction time of 2 h, the yield of methyl polyglucosides was 85%. Dodecyl polyglucosides were synthesized by transglycosidation with methyl polyglucosides, and the green nonionic surfactant has excellent surface activity. The critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic balance are 0.022 wt % and 12, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- E-mail: . Tel: +86-21-66137729. Fax: +86-21-66137725
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Yin B, Gu H, Mo X, Xu Y, Yan B, Li Q, Ou Q, Wu B, Guo C, Jiang C. Identification and molecular characterization of a psychrophilic GH1 β-glucosidase from the subtropical soil microorganism Exiguobacterium sp. GXG2. AMB Express 2019; 9:159. [PMID: 31576505 PMCID: PMC6773797 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The products of bacterial β-glucosidases with favorable cold-adapted properties have industrial applications. A psychrophilic β-glucosidase gene named bglG from subtropical soil microorganism Exiguobacterium sp. GXG2 was isolated and characterized by function-based screening strategy. Results of multiple alignments showed that the derived protein BglG shared 45.7% identities with reviewed β-glucosidases in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Functional characterization of the β-glucosidase BglG indicated that BglG was a 468 aa protein with a molecular weight of 53.2 kDa. The BglG showed the highest activity in pH 7.0 at 35 °C and exhibited consistently high levels of activity within low temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 °C. The BglG appeared to be a psychrophilic enzyme. The values of Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km of recombinant BglG toward ρNPG were 1.1 mM, 1.4 µg/mL/min, 12.7 s−1, and 11.5 mM/s, respectively. The specific enzyme activity of BglG was 12.14 U/mg. The metal ion of Ca2+ and Fe3+ could stimulate the activity of BglG, whereas Mn2+ inhibited the activity. The cold-adapted β-glucosidase BglG displayed remarkable biochemical properties, making it a potential candidate for future industrial applications.
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78
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Kang L, Zhang X, Wang R, Liu C, Yi L, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Yuan S. β-Glucosidase BGL1 from Coprinopsis cinerea Exhibits a Distinctive Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation Activity for Application in the Production of 3-O-β-d-Gentiobiosyl-d-laminarioligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10744-10755. [PMID: 31525900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that β-glucosidase BGL1 at low concentration (15 μg mL-1) from Coprinopsis cinerea exhibited hydrolytic activity only toward laminarioligosaccharides but not toward cellooligosaccharides and gentiobiose. This study shows that BGL1 at high concentration (200 μg mL-1) also hydrolyzed cellobiose and gentiobiose, which accounted for only 0.83 and 2.05% of its activity toward laminaribiose, respectively. Interestingly, BGL1 at low concentration (1.5 μg mL-1) showed transglycosylation but BGL1 at high concentration (200 μg mL-1) did not. BGL1 utilizes only laminarioligosaccharides but not glucose, gentiobiose, and cellobiose to synthesize the higher oligosaccharides. BGL1 transferred one glucosyl residue from substrate laminarioligosaccharide to another laminarioligosaccharide as an acceptor in a β(1 → 3) or β(1 → 6) fashion to produce higher laminarioligosaccharides or 3-O-β-d-gentiobiosyl-d-laminarioligosaccharides. The BGL1-digested laminaritriose exhibited approximately 90% enhancement in the anti-oxidant activity compared to that of untreated laminaritriose, implying a potential application of BGL1-based transglycosylation for the production of high value-added rare oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Lin Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , 215021 , China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , 215021 , China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Miquelutti D, da Silva GF, Magalhães MLB. Effect of xylitol on salivary
β
‐glucosidase in humans. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:472-475. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Anderson A. Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - David Miquelutti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta Catarina Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Maria L. B. Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
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80
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Pyeon HM, Lee YS, Choi YL. Cloning, purification, and characterization of GH3 β-glucosidase, MtBgl85, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7106. [PMID: 31367479 PMCID: PMC6657685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Glucosidases have attracted considerable attention due to their important roles in various biotechnological processes such as cellulose degradation to make energy and hydrolysis of isoflavone. Microbulbifer thermotolerans (M. thermotolerans) is isolated from deep-sea sediment and has not been researched much yet. As a potential candidate for a variety of biotechnological industries, β-glucosidases from the novel bacterial species should be researched extensively. Methods β-Glucosidase, MtBgl85, from M. thermotolerans DAU221 was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymogram. Its biochemical and physiological properties, such as effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, and organic solvents, substrate specificity, and isoflavone hydrolysis, were investigated. Results M. thermotolerans DAU221 showed β-glucosidase activity in a marine broth plate containing 0.1% esculin and 0.25% ammonium iron (III) citrate. The β-glucosidase gene, mtbgl85, was isolated from the whole genome sequence of M. thermotolerans DAU221. The β-glucosidase gene was 2,319 bp and encoded 772 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a 43% identity with OaBGL84 from Olleya aquimaris and 35% and 32% identity with to CfBgl3A and CfBgl3C from Cellulomonas fimi among bacterial glycosyl hydrolase family 3, respectively. The optimal temperature of MtBgl85 was 50 °C and the optimum pH was 7.0. MtBgl85 activity was strongly reduced in the presence of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions. As a result of measuring the activity at various concentrations of NaCl, it was confirmed that the activity was maintained up to the concentration of 1 M, but gradually decreased with increasing concentration. MtBgl85 showed higher enzyme stability at non-polar solvents (high Log Pow) than polar solvents (low Log Pow). The hydrolyzed products of isoflavone glycosides and arbutin were analyzed by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Min Pyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Lark Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Monteiro LMO, Pereira MG, Vici AC, Heinen PR, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTDM. Efficient hydrolysis of wine and grape juice anthocyanins by Malbranchea pulchella β-glucosidase immobilized on MANAE-agarose and ConA-Sepharose supports. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1133-1141. [PMID: 31220494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidases (BGLs) hydrolyze short-chain cellulooligosaccharides. Some BGLs can hydrolyze anthocyanins and be applied in the clarification process of food industries, especially grape juice and wine. Enzyme immobilization is a valuable tool to increase enzyme stabilization. In this work, Malbranchea pulchella BGL was immobilized on Monoaminoethyl-N-ethyl-agarose ionic support, MANAE-agarose, and Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity support, Con-A-Sepharose. The formed biocatalysts, denominated BLG-MANAE and BLG-ConA, were applied in the grape juice and red wine clarification. BGL-MANAE and BGL-ConA hyperactivated M. pulchella BGL 10- and 3-fold, respectively. Both biocatalysts showed at least 70% activity at pH range 2-11, until 24 h incubation. BGL-MANAE and BGL-ConA showed activity of 60% and 100%, respectively, at 50 °C, up to 24 h. Both biocatalysts were efficiently reused 20-fold. They were stable in the presence of up to 0.1 M glucose for 24 h incubation, and with 5%, 10% and 15% ethanol kept up to 70% activity. BGL-MANAE biocatalyst was 11% and 25% more efficient than BGL-ConA in clarification of concentrate and diluted wines, respectively. Likewise, BGL-MANAE biocatalysts were 14% and 33% more efficient than the BGL-ConA in clarification of diluted and concentrated juices, respectively. Therefore, the BGL-MANAE biocatalyst was especially effective in red wine and grape juice clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Matão Street, 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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82
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Srivastava N, Rathour R, Jha S, Pandey K, Srivastava M, Thakur VK, Sengar RS, Gupta VK, Mazumder PB, Khan AF, Mishra PK. Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E220. [PMID: 31174354 PMCID: PMC6627771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Rishabh Rathour
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Sonam Jha
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Karan Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Rakesh Singh Sengar
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, U.P., India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | - Ahamad Faiz Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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83
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Hu X, Liu Y, Li D, Feng W, Ni H, Cao S, Lu F, Li Y. An innovative biotransformation to produce resveratrol by Bacillus safensis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15448-15456. [PMID: 35514846 PMCID: PMC9064255 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is considered as a potential food supplement, cosmetic ingredient and nutraceutical. In this study, resveratrol was produced by biotransformation successfully. In detail, a β-glucosidase producing strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus safensis, and it could convert polydatin to resveratrol efficiently and rapidly. Further research showed that the conversion rate to resveratrol reached 93.1% in 8 h at 37 °C. The production of resveratrol was confirmed by HPLC, LC-MS and 1H-NMR to identify its structure and it was verified to possess antibacterial properties especially against Escherchia coli. To illustrate the resveratrol transformation mechanism, several glucosidases from B. safensis CGMCC 13129 were expressed and analyzed. The results showed that BGL4 and BGL5 had higher transformation activity compared with other tested glucosidases. This research provides a novel approach to produce resveratrol, and would promote the application of resveratrol in health-promoting pharmaceutical and food products. The transformation ability of Bacillus safensis and the antimicrobial activity of resveratrol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yexue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Dengke Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hanmeng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology Shandong China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control China
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Li S, Jia Y. Purification and characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from Aspergillus flavus and its application in saccharification of soybean meal. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:671-678. [PMID: 30990111 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1599397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus has been regarded as a potential candidate for its production of industrial enzymes, but the details of β-glucosidase from this strain is very limited. In herein, we first reported a novel β-glucosidase (AfBglA) with the molecular mass of 94.2 kDa from A. flavus. AfBglA was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60 °C and is stable between pH 3.5 and 9.0 and at a temperature of up to 55 °C for 30 min remaining more than 90% of its initial activity. It showed an excellent tolerance to Trypsin, Pepsin, Compound Protease, and Flavourzyme and its activity was not inhibited by specific certain cations. AfBglA displayed broad substrate specificity, it acted on all tested pNP-glycosides and barley glucan, indicating this novel β-glucosidase exhibited a β-1, 3-1, 4-glucanase activity. Moreover, the AfBglA could effectively hydrolyze the soybean meal suspension into glucose and exhibit a strong tolerance to the inhibition of glucose at a concentration of 20.0 g/L during the saccharification. The maximum amount of the glucose obtained by AfBglA corresponded to 67.0 g/kg soybean meal. All of these properties mentioned above indicated that the AfBglA possibly attractive for food and feed industry and saccharification of cellulolytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yangliu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Siting Li
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
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85
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Andrades DD, Graebin NG, Ayub MA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Physico-chemical properties, kinetic parameters, and glucose inhibition of several beta-glucosidases for industrial applications. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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86
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Cross-Linking with Polyethylenimine Confers Better Functional Characteristics to an Immobilized β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases are ubiquitous, well-characterized and biologically important enzymes with considerable uses in industrial sectors. Here, a tetrameric β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 (EaBglA) was immobilized on different activated agarose supports followed by post-immobilization with poly-functional macromolecules. The best result was obtained by the immobilization of EaBglA on metal glutaraldehyde-activated agarose support following cross-linking with polyethylenimine. Interestingly, the immobilized EaBglA was 46-fold more stable than its free form and showed optimum pH in the acidic region, with high catalytic activity in the pH range from 3 to 9, while the free EaBglA showed catalytic activity in a narrow pH range (>80% at pH 6.0–8.0) and optimum pH at 7.0. EaBglA had the optimum temperature changed from 30 °C to 50 °C with the immobilization step. The immobilized EaBglA showed an expressive adaptation to pH and it was tolerant to ethanol and glucose, indicating suitable properties involving the saccharification process. Even after 9 cycles of reuse, the immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 100% of its initial activity, demonstrating great operational stability. Hence, the current study describes an efficient strategy to increase the functional characteristics of a tetrameric β-glucosidase for future use in the bioethanol production.
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Geronimo I, Ntarima P, Piens K, Gudmundsson M, Hansson H, Sandgren M, Payne CM. Kinetic and molecular dynamics study of inhibition and transglycosylation in Hypocrea jecorina family 3 β-glucosidases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3169-3180. [PMID: 30602567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidases enhance enzymatic biomass conversion by relieving cellobiose inhibition of endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. However, the susceptibility of these enzymes to inhibition and transglycosylation at high glucose or cellobiose concentrations severely limits their activity and, consequently, the overall efficiency of enzyme mixtures. We determined the impact of these two processes on the hydrolytic activity of the industrially relevant family 3 β-glucosidases from Hypocrea jecorina, HjCel3A and HjCel3B, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms through kinetic studies, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. HjCel3B had a 7-fold higher specificity for cellobiose than HjCel3A but greater tendency for glucose inhibition. Energy decomposition analysis indicated that cellobiose has relatively weak electrostatic interactions with binding site residues, allowing it to be easily displaced by glucose and free to inhibit other hydrolytic enzymes. HjCel3A is, thus, preferable as an industrial β-glucosidase despite its lower activity caused by transglycosylation. This competing pathway to hydrolysis arises from binding of glucose or cellobiose at the product site after formation of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. MD simulations revealed that binding is facilitated by hydrophobic interactions with Trp-37, Phe-260, and Tyr-443. Targeting these aromatic residues for mutation to reduce substrate affinity at the product site would therefore potentially mitigate transglycosidic activity. Engineering improved variants of HjCel3A and other structurally similar β-glucosidases would have a significant economic effect on enzymatic biomass conversion in terms of yield and production cost as the process can be consequently conducted at higher substrate loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inacrist Geronimo
- From the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046
| | - Patricia Ntarima
- the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium, and
| | - Kathleen Piens
- the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium, and
| | - Mikael Gudmundsson
- the Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hansson
- the Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- the Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina M Payne
- From the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, .,the Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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88
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Liu N, Li H, Chevrette MG, Zhang L, Cao L, Zhou H, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Pope PB, Currie CR, Huang Y, Wang Q. Functional metagenomics reveals abundant polysaccharide-degrading gene clusters and cellobiose utilization pathways within gut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:104-117. [PMID: 30116044 PMCID: PMC6298952 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell-wall polysaccharides constitute the most abundant but recalcitrant organic carbon source in nature. Microbes residing in the digestive tract of herbivorous bilaterians are particularly efficient at depolymerizing polysaccharides into fermentable sugars and play a significant support role towards their host's lifestyle. Here, we combine large-scale functional screening of fosmid libraries, shotgun sequencing, and biochemical assays to interrogate the gut microbiota of the wood-feeding "higher" termite Globitermes brachycerastes. A number of putative polysaccharide utilization gene clusters were identified with multiple fibrolytic genes. Our large-scale functional screening of 50,000 fosmid clones resulted in 464 clones demonstrating plant polysaccharide-degrading activities, including 267 endoglucanase-, 24 exoglucanase-, 72 β-glucosidase-, and 101 endoxylanase-positive clones. We sequenced 173 functionally active clones and identified ~219 genes encoding putative carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) targeting cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Further analyses revealed that 68 of 154 contigs encode one or more CAZyme, which includes 35 examples of putative saccharolytic operons, suggesting that clustering of CAZymes is common in termite gut microbial inhabitants. Biochemical characterization of a representative xylanase cluster demonstrated that constituent enzymes exhibited complementary physicochemical properties and saccharolytic capabilities. Furthermore, diverse cellobiose-metabolizing enzymes include β-glucosidases, cellobiose phosphorylases, and phopho-6-β-glucosidases were identified and functionally verified, indicating that the termite gut micro-ecosystem utilizes diverse metabolic pathways to interconnect hydrolysis and central metabolism. Collectively, these results provide an in-depth view of the adaptation and digestive strategies employed by gut microbiota within this tiny-yet-efficient host-associated ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marc G Chevrette
- Department Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Phillip B Pope
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Cameron R Currie
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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89
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Salgado JCS, Meleiro LP, Carli S, Ward RJ. Glucose tolerant and glucose stimulated β-glucosidases - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:704-713. [PMID: 30093225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The β-glucosidases (β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) hydrolyze glycosidic bonds of alkyl-, amino-, or aryl-β-D-glucosides, cyanogenic glucosides, disaccharides and short oligosaccharides and can also catalyze the synthesis of glycosyl-bonds between different molecules via transglycosylation. Due to their ubiquitous phylogenetic distribution, substrate diversity and ability to both hydrolyze and synthesize glycosidic bonds, the catalysis and regulation of β-glucosidases have been extensively studied. Many β-glucosidases are inhibited by the reaction product glucose, and reduced catalytic activity may limit the biotechnological and industrial applications of these enzymes and this has stimulated the search for β-glucosidases that maintain their activity at high glucose concentrations. Studies of many glucose tolerant enzymes have been reported and due to the ongoing interest in these enzymes, here it has been reviewed this accumulated body of knowledge which provides valuable insights as to the kinetics, structure, regulation and evolution of glucose tolerant and glucose stimulated β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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90
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Alves LDF, Meleiro LP, Silva RN, Westmann CA, Guazzaroni ME. Novel Ethanol- and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural-Stimulated β-Glucosidase Retrieved From a Brazilian Secondary Atlantic Forest Soil Metagenome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2556. [PMID: 30420843 PMCID: PMC6215845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucosidases are key enzymes involved in lignocellulosic biomass degradation for bioethanol production, which complete the final step during cellulose hydrolysis by converting cellobiose into glucose. Currently, industry requires enzymes with improved catalytic performance or tolerance to process-specific parameters. In this sense, metagenomics has become a powerful tool for accessing and exploring the biochemical biodiversity present in different natural environments. Here, we report the identification of a novel β-glucosidase from metagenomic DNA isolated from soil samples enriched with decaying plant matter from a Secondary Atlantic Forest region. For this, we employed a functional screening approach using an optimized and synthetic broad host-range vector for library production. The novel β-glucosidase – named Lfa2 – displays three GH3-family conserved domains and conserved catalytic amino acids D283 and E487. The purified enzyme was most active in pH 5.5 and at 50°C, and showed hydrolytic activity toward several pNP synthetic substrates containing β-glucose, β-galactose, β-xylose, β-fucose, and α-arabinopyranose, as well as toward cellobiose. Lfa2 showed considerable glucose tolerance, exhibiting an IC50 of 300 mM glucose and 30% of remaining activity in 600 mM glucose. In addition, Lfa2 retained full or slightly enhanced activity in the presence of several metal ions. Further, β-glucosidase activity was increased by 1.7-fold in the presence of 10% (v/v) ethanol, a concentration that can be reached in conventional fermentation processes. Similarly, Lfa2 showed 1.7-fold enhanced activity at high concentrations of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, one of the most important cellulase inhibitors in pretreated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of Lfa2 on Bacillus subtilis GH5-CBM3 endoglucanase activity was demonstrated by the increased production of glucose (1.6-fold). Together, these results indicate that β-glucosidase Lfa2 is a promissory enzyme candidate for utilization in diverse industrial applications, such as cellulosic biomass degradation or flavor enhancement in winemaking and grape processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana de Fátima Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cauã Antunes Westmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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91
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Morais TPD, Barbosa PMG, Garcia NFL, Rosa-Garzon NGD, Fonseca GG, Paz MFD, Cabral H, Leite RSR. Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of β-glucosidases produced by Lichtheimia corymbifera and Byssochlamys spectabilis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:777-786. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pereira de Morais
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paula Mirella Gomes Barbosa
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nayara Fernanda Lisboa Garcia
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nathália Gonsales da Rosa-Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo Graciano Fonseca
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fossa da Paz
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Simões Ribeiro Leite
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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92
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Xu WJ, Huang YK, Li F, Wang DD, Yin MN, Wang M, Xia ZN. Improving β-glucosidase biocatalysis with deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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93
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Exploring the gut of Helicoverpa armigera for cellulose degrading bacteria and evaluation of a potential strain for lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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94
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Geronimo I, Payne CM, Sandgren M. Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation Transition States of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3 β-Glucosidases Differ in Charge and Puckering Conformation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9452-9459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inacrist Geronimo
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina M. Payne
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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95
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Sun J, Wang W, Yao C, Dai F, Zhu X, Liu J, Hao J. Overexpression and characterization of a novel cold-adapted and salt-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase from the marine bacterium Alteromonas sp. L82. J Microbiol 2018; 56:656-664. [PMID: 30141158 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene (bgl) encoding a cold-adapted β-glucosidase was cloned from the marine bacterium Alteromonas sp. L82. Based on sequence analysis and its putative catalytic conserved region, Bgl belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 1. Bgl was overexpressed in E. coli and purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant β-glucosidase showed maximum activity at temperatures between 25°C to 45°C and over the pH range 6 to 8. The enzyme lost activity quickly after incubation at 40°C. Therefore, recombinant β-glucosidase appears to be a cold-adapted enzyme. The addition of reducing agent doubled its activity and 2 M NaCl did not influence its activity. Recombinant β-glucosidase was also tolerant of 700 mM glucose and some organic solvents. Bgl had a Km of 0.55 mM, a Vmax of 83.6 U/mg, a kcat of 74.3 s-1 and kcat/Km of 135.1 at 40°C, pH 7 with 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. These properties indicate Bgl may be an interesting candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Congyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Fangqun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China.
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96
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da Costa SG, Pereira OL, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Valente RH, de Rezende ST, Guimarães VM, Genta FA. Penicillium citrinum UFV1 β-glucosidases: purification, characterization, and application for biomass saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:226. [PMID: 30151054 PMCID: PMC6100729 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidases are components of the cellulase system, a family of enzymes that hydrolyze the β-1,4 linkages of cellulose. These proteins have been extensively studied due to the possibility of their use in various biotechnological processes. They have different affinities for substrates (depending on their source) and their activities can be used for saccharification of different types of biomass. In this context, the properties and the synergistic capacity of β-glucosidases from different organisms, to supplement the available commercial cellulase cocktails, need a comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS Two β-glucosidases belonging to GH3 family were secreted by Penicillium citrinum UFV. PcβGlu1 (241 kDa) and PcβGlu2 (95 kDa) presented acidic and thermo-tolerant characteristics. PcβGlu1 showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for all substrates tested with Km values ranging from 0.09 ± 0.01 (laminarin) to 1.7 ± 0.1 mM (cellobiose, C2) and kcat values ranging from 0.143 ± 0.005 (laminarin) to 8.0 ± 0.2 s-1 (laminaribiose, Lb). PcβGlu2 showed substrate inhibition for 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (MUβGlu), p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPβGlu), cellodextrins (C3, C4, and C5), N-octil-β-d-glucopyranoside, and laminaribiose, with Km values ranging from 0.014 ± 0.001 (MUβGlu) to 0.64 ± 0.06 mM (C2) and kcat values ranging from 0.49 ± 0.01 (gentiobiose) to 1.5 ± 0.2 s-1 (C4). Inhibition constants (Ki) for PcβGlu2 substrate inhibition ranged from 0.69 ± 0.07 (MUβGlu) to 10 ± 1 mM (Lb). Glucose and cellobiose are competitive inhibitors of PcβGlu1 and PcβGlu2 when pNPβGlu is used as a substrate. For PcβGlu1 inhibition, Ki = 1.89 ± 0.08 mM (glucose) and Ki = 3.8 ± 0.1 mM (cellobiose); for PcβGlu2, Ki = 0.83 ± 0.05 mM (glucose) and Ki = 0.95 ± 0.07 mM (cellobiose). The enzymes were tested for saccharification of different biomasses, individually or supplementing a Trichoderma reesei commercial cellulose preparation. PcβGlu2 was able to hydrolyze banana pseudostem and coconut fiber with the same efficiency as the T. reesei cocktail, showing significant synergistic properties with T. reesei enzymes in the hydrolysis of these alternative biomasses. CONCLUSIONS The β-glucosidases from P. citrinum UFV1 present different enzymatic properties from each other and might have potential application in several biotechnological processes, such as hydrolysis of different types of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara G. da Costa
- Laboratory of Enzymatic Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP3657000 Brazil
- Laboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Av Brasil 4365, Pav. Leônidas Deane, Room 207, Manguinhos, RJ CEP21040360 Brazil
| | - Olinto Liparini Pereira
- Laboratory of Seed Pathology and Post-Harvest, Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP36570-000 Brazil
| | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP21040360 Brazil
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP21040360 Brazil
| | - Sebastião T. de Rezende
- Laboratory of Enzymatic Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP3657000 Brazil
| | - Valéria M. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Enzymatic Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP3657000 Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Av Brasil 4365, Pav. Leônidas Deane, Room 207, Manguinhos, RJ CEP21040360 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Molecular Entomology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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97
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Lokapirnasari WP, Sahidu AM, Soepranianondo K, Supriyanto A, Yulianto AB, Al Arif A. Potency of lactic acid bacteria isolated from balinese bovine ( Bos sondaicus) intestinal waste from slaughterhouse to improve nutrient content of wheat pollard as animal feedstuff by fermentation process. Vet World 2018; 11:1127-1134. [PMID: 30250373 PMCID: PMC6141298 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1127-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to know the genetic and biochemical identification of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Balinese bovine (Bos sondaicus) intestinal waste, acidity, and ox bile salts and to inhibit the growth pathogen of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the potential of those isolated to improve nutrient value of wheat pollard as animal feed ingredient by fermentation process. Materials and Methods: This research was divided into three stages. The first stage, isolated LAB were obtained from the bovine intestines at a slaughterhouse in Indonesia. Small intestinal samples were collected from 10 healthy Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus). The isolated LAB were identified by VITEK 2, polymerase chain reaction, and 16S rDNA. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was performed to determine the phylogenetic tree. The second stage, the LAB were screened for their tolerance at pH 2, 3, and 4; bile salt, and antagonistic to enteric pathogen. In the third stage, to determine the potency of this isolate to increase nutrient content of wheat pollard by facultative anaerobe fermentation for 3 and 5 days. Results: The result of the first stage showed that the isolate could be identified as Lactobacilluscasei WPL 315. The result of the second stage showed that the isolate tolerance to low pH (pH 2, pH 3, and pH4) for 90 min and 24 h, and this isolate had viability tolerance in 0.3% bile salt. The isolate can inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. The result of the third stage by proximate analysis showed that crude protein increased by 23.08% after fermentation, while crude fiber decreased by 61.24% on the level 0.5% L. casei subsp. WPL 315 in the 3-day fermentation. Conclusion: Based on the results, it showed that L. casei WPL 315 derived from indigenous intestinal Balinese beef cattle (B. sondaicus) has tolerant characteristic on acidity and ox bile salts, has antagonistic effect against E. coli and S. aureus, and has the ability to increase crude protein and decrease crude fiber content of wheat pollard. It would be interesting to determine whether the strain has a probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adriana Monica Sahidu
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Koesnoto Soepranianondo
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Supriyanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Berny Yulianto
- Doctoral of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Campus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anam Al Arif
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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98
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Xia Y, Yang L, Xia L. Preparation of a novel soluble inducer by cellobiase-release microcapsules and its application in cellulase production. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:22-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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99
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An acid-stable β-glucosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus: Gene expression, biochemical characterization and molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:462-469. [PMID: 30063929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases hydrolyze terminal, non-reducing β-d-glucosyl residues and thereby release β-d-glucose. They have applications in the production of biofuels, beverages and pharmaceuticals. In this study, a β-glucosidase derived from Aspergillus aculeatus (BGLA) was expressed, characterized, and the molecular mechanism of its acid denaturation was comprehensively probed. BGLA exhibited maximal activity at pH 5.0-6.0. Its optimal temperature was 70 °C. Its enzyme activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+, while Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ had a negative effect. BGLA showed activity on a broad range of substrates including salicin, cellobiose, arbutin, geniposide and polydatin. Finally, the acid-denaturation mechanism of BGLA was probed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results of simulation at pH 2.0 imply that the contact number, solvent accessible surface area and number of hydrogen bonds in BGLA decreased greatly. Moreover, the distance between the residues Asp280 and Glu509 that are part of the active site increased, which eventually destroyed the enzyme's catalytic activity. These MD results explain the molecular mechanism of acid denaturation of BGLA, which will greatly benefit the rational design of more acid-stable β-glucosidase variants in the future.
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100
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Xia Y, Yang L, Xia L. High-level production of a fungal β-glucosidase with application potentials in the cost-effective production of Trichoderma reesei cellulase. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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