51
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Wichert K, Rabstein S, Stang A, Erbel R, Eisele L, Arendt M, Keimer A, Dragano N, Hoffmann W, Lerch MM, Roskoden FC, Schmidt CO, Völzke H, Jöckel KH, Brüning T, Behrens T. Associations between shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in two German cohort studies. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1235-1243. [PMID: 32654542 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1782930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The association between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the associations between exposure to shift or night work and incident CRC in two German population-based cohort studies, the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Including up to 6,903 participants, we analyzed the cohorts pooled and individually. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with adjusted log-linear Poisson regression models with the natural logarithm of person-years as offset and performed subgroup analyses by sex and tumor localization in HNR. The pooled analysis revealed no increased risks for men working in night shifts (IRR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.62; 1.71). In male HNR participants, we found an increased risk estimate for cancer of the distal colon in shift workers (IRR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.53; 4.87) and in shift workers who did not perform night work (IRR: 3.93, 95% CI: 0.98; 15.70), but not in night workers. In SHIP, we observed elevated CRC risk estimates for rotating shift work including night work (IRR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.72; 2.92) and for long-term exposure (IRR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.81; 3.92) for men. In conclusion, night-shift work was not associated with CRC, although an increased risk was suggested for rotating shift work including nights in SHIP. The heterogeneity of shift-work jobs and schedules and associated lifestyle factors should be taken into account to disentangle a possible relationship between shift work and the risk for CRC in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
| | - Sylvia Rabstein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Keimer
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Sociology, University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- SHIP/KEF, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- SHIP/KEF, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- SHIP/KEF, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum , Germany
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52
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Lee T, Cho CH, Kim WR, Moon JH, Kim S, Geum D, In HP, Lee HJ. Development of model based on clock gene expression of human hair follicle cells to estimate circadian time. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:993-1001. [PMID: 32654537 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1777150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the effects of circadian misalignment on human pathophysiology and behavior, it is important to be able to detect an individual's endogenous circadian time. We developed an endogenous Clock Estimation Model (eCEM) based on a machine learning process using the expression of 10 circadian genes. Hair follicle cells were collected from 18 healthy subjects at 08:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, and 23:00 h for two consecutive days, and the expression patterns of 10 circadian genes were obtained. The eCEM was designed using the inverse form of the circadian gene rhythm function (i.e., Circadian Time = F(gene)), and the accuracy of eCEM was evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). As a result, six genes (PER1, PER3, CLOCK, CRY2, NPAS2, and NR1D2) were selected as the best model, and the error range between actual and predicted time was 3.24 h. The eCEM is simple and applicable in that a single time-point sampling of hair follicle cells at any time of the day is sufficient to estimate the endogenous circadian time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Lee
- Department of Convergence Security Engineering, Sungshin University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joung Ho Moon
- Department of Psychiatry.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Hoh Peter In
- Department of Computer Science, Korea University College of Information , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Psychiatry.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University College of Medicine
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53
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Swanson GR, Siskin J, Gorenz A, Shaikh M, Raeisi S, Fogg L, Forsyth C, Keshavarzian A. Disrupted diurnal oscillation of gut-derived Short chain fatty acids in shift workers drinking alcohol: Possible mechanism for loss of resiliency of intestinal barrier in disrupted circadian host. Transl Res 2020; 221:97-109. [PMID: 32376406 PMCID: PMC8136245 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by fermentation of nondigestible fiber, and are a key component in intestinal barrier homeostasis. Since the microbiome has diurnal fluctuations, we hypothesized that SCFAs in humans have a diurnal rhythm and their rhythmicity would be impacted by the host central circadian misalignment (night shift work) which would make intestinal barrier more susceptible to disruption by alcohol. To test this hypothesis, we studied 3 groups of subjects: patients with alcohol use disorder, but no liver disease (AD), healthy day workers (DW), and night workers (NW). All subjects were studied at baseline and then in DW and NW subjects after moderate daily alcohol (0.5 g/kg) for 7 days. Gut-derived plasma SCFAs showed a significant circadian oscillation by cosinor analysis in DW; however, SCFA in the AD and NW subjects lost 24-hour rhythmicity. Decrease in SCFA correlated with increased colonic permeability. Both chronic and moderate alcohol consumption for 1 week caused circadian disruption based on wrist actigraphy and urinary melatonin. Our study shows that (1) gut-derived plasma SCFAs have a diurnal rhythm in humans that is impacted by the central clock of the host; (2) moderate alcohol suppresses SCFAs which was associated with increased colonic permeability; and (3) less invasive urinary 6-SM correlated and rest-activity actigraphy correlated with plasma melatonin. Future studies are needed to examine the role circadian misalignment on gut derived SCFAs as possible mechanism for loss of intestinal barrier resiliency to injurious agents like alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth R Swanson
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Joel Siskin
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Annika Gorenz
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Louis Fogg
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher Forsyth
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Departments of Pharmacology; Molecular Biophysics & Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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54
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Mortaş H, Bilici S, Karakan T. The circadian disruption of night work alters gut microbiota consistent with elevated risk for future metabolic and gastrointestinal pathology. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1067-1081. [PMID: 32602753 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1778717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Day and night cycles are the most important cue for the central clock of human beings, and they are also important for the gut clock. The aim of the study is to determine the differences in the gut microbiota of rotational shift workers when working the day versus night shift. Fecal samples and other data were collected from 10 volunteer male security officers after 4 weeks of day shift work (07:00-15:00 h) and also after 2 weeks of night shift work (23:00-07:00 h). In total, 20 stool samples were collected for analysis of gut microbiota (10 subjects x 2 work shifts) and stored at -80°C until analysis by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes were reduced and those of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased when working the night compared to day shift. Faecalibacterium abundance was found to be a biomarker of the day shift work. Dorea longicatena and Dorea formicigenerans were significantly more abundant in individuals when working the night shift. Rotational day and night shift work causes circadian rhythm disturbance with an associated alteration in the abundances of gut microbiota, leading to the concern that such induced alteration of gut microbiota may at least partially contribute to an increased risk of future metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Mortaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarkan Karakan
- Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
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55
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Bagci S, Sabir H, Müller A, Reiter RJ. Effects of altered photoperiod due to COVID-19 lockdown on pregnant women and their fetuses. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:961-973. [PMID: 32519912 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal circadian rhythms provide highly important input into the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. The light-dark cycle is an important regulator of the internal biological clock. Even though pregnant women spend a greater part of the day at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, natural light exposure is crucial for the fetus. The current recommended COVID-19 lockdown might dramatically alter normal environmental lighting conditions of pregnant women, resulting in exposure to extremely low levels of natural daylight and high-intensity artificial light sources during both day and night. This article summarizes the potential effects on pregnant woman and their fetuses due to prolonged exposure to altered photoperiod and as consequence altered circadian system, known as chronodisruption, that may result from the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - R J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA
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56
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Erren TC, Lewis P. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and physical distancing: risk for circadian rhythm dysregulation, advice to alleviate it, and natural experiment research opportunities. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1106-1109. [PMID: 32498625 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 leads to numerous unplanned or natural experiments with health and disease. Physical (social) distancing - a counter-measure with no alternative, but with no precedence in scope and scale either - is a key intervention and trigger of natural experiments. From a practical perspective, concerned disciplines should increase awareness of, provide recommendations to meet, and develop research for, health challenges arising from physical distancing at home. From the field of chronobiology, prolonged home stays may place undue strain on the body's circadian timing system but straightforward and often underestimated advice for coping can be provided (herein we provide such advice). Of course, advice or recommendations from other concerned disciplines that identify challenges associated with current COVID-19 mitigation strategies are also needed. From a research perspective, different disciplines should rise to the occasion and explore unsuspected natural experiment angles toward novel insights to promote health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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57
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Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, articles have been published on the non-visual effects of light, specifically the light emitted by the new luminaires with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and by the screens of televisions, computer equipment, and mobile phones. Professionals from the world of optometry have raised the possibility that the blue part of the visible light from sources that emit artificial light could have pernicious effects on the retina. The aim of this work is to analyze the articles published on this subject, and to use existing information to elucidate the spectral composition and irradiance of new LED luminaires for use in the home and in public spaces such as educational centers, as well as considering the consequences of the light emitted by laptops for teenagers. The results of this research show that the amount of blue light emitted by electronic equipment is lower than that emitted by modern luminaires and thousands of times less than solar irradiance. On the other hand, the latest research warns that these small amounts of light received at night can have pernicious non-visual effects on adolescents. The creation of new LED luminaires for interior lighting, including in educational centers, where the intensity of blue light can be increased without any specific legislation for its control, makes regulatory developments imperative due to the possible repercussions on adolescents with unknown and unpredictable consequences.
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58
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Lee SI, Kinoshita S, Noguchi A, Eto T, Ohashi M, Nishimura Y, Maeda K, Motomura Y, Awata Y, Higuchi S. Melatonin suppression during a simulated night shift in medium intensity light is increased by 10-minute breaks in dim light and decreased by 10-minute breaks in bright light. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:897-909. [PMID: 32326827 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1752704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to light at night results in disruption of endogenous circadian rhythmicity and/or suppression of pineal melatonin, which can consequently lead to acute or chronic adverse health problems. In the present study, we investigated whether exposure to very dim light or very bright light for a short duration influences melatonin suppression, subjective sleepiness, and performance during exposure to constant moderately bright light. Twenty-four healthy male university students were divided into two experimental groups: Half of them (mean age: 20.0 ± 0.9 years) participated in an experiment for short-duration (10 min) light conditions of medium intensity light (430 lx, medium breaks) vs. very dim light (< 1 lx, dim breaks) and the other half (mean age: 21.3 ± 2.5 years) participated in an experiment for short-duration light conditions of medium intensity light (430 lx, medium breaks) vs. very bright light (4700 lx, bright breaks). Each simulated night shift consisting of 5 sets (each including 50-minute night work and 10-minute break) was performed from 01:00 to 06:00 h. The subjects were exposed to medium intensity light (550 lx) during the night work. Each 10-minute break was conducted every hour from 02:00 to 06:00 h. Salivary melatonin concentrations were measured, subjective sleepiness was assessed, the psychomotor vigilance task was performed at hourly intervals from 21:00 h until the end of the experiment. Compared to melatonin suppression between 04:00 and 06:00 h in the condition of medium breaks, the condition of dim breaks significantly promoted melatonin suppression and the condition of bright breaks significantly diminished melatonin suppression. However, there was no remarkable effect of either dim breaks or bright breaks on subjective sleepiness and performance of the psychomotor vigilance task. Our findings suggest that periodic exposure to light for short durations during exposure to a constant light environment affects the sensitivity of pineal melatonin to constant light depending on the difference between light intensities in the two light conditions (i.e., short light exposure vs. constant light exposure). Also, our findings indicate that exposure to light of various intensities at night could be a factor influencing the light-induced melatonin suppression in real night work settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Human Environmental Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saki Kinoshita
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anna Noguchi
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taisuke Eto
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Ohashi
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan.,Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health , Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kaho Maeda
- Ground Facilities Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Motomura
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Awata
- Ground Facilities Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
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59
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Esaki Y, Obayashi K, Saeki K, Fujita K, Iwata N, Kitajima T. Association between light exposure at night and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: cross-sectional analysis of the APPLE cohort. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:887-896. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1746799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Esaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Neuroscience Research Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kitajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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60
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Lewis P, Hellmich M, Fritschi L, Tikellis G, Morfeld P, Groß JV, Foster RG, Paltiel O, Klebanoff MA, Golding J, Olsen S, Magnus P, Ponsonby AL, Linet MS, Ward MH, Caporaso N, Dwyer T, Erren TC. Perinatal photoperiod and childhood cancer: pooled results from 182,856 individuals in the international childhood cancer cohort consortium (I4C). Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1034-1047. [PMID: 32233647 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1740724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that perinatal light imprinting of circadian clocks and systems may affect downstream physiology and cancer risk in later life. For humans, the predominant circadian stimulus is the daily light-dark cycle. Herein, we explore associations between perinatal photoperiod characteristics (photoperiod: duration of daylight as determined by time-of-year and location) and childhood cancer risk. We use pooled data on 182,856 mothers and babies from prospective birth cohorts in six countries (Australia, Denmark, Israel, Norway, UK, USA) within the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In line with predicted differential dose-responses, restricted cubic splines indicate a potential non-linear, non-monotonic relationship between perinatal mean daily photoperiod (0-24 h) and childhood cancer risk. In a restricted analysis of 154,121 individuals who experienced third trimester photoperiods exclusively within the 8-16-h range, the relative risk of developing childhood cancer decreased by 9% with every hour increase in third trimester mean daily photoperiod [HR: 0.91 (95%CIs: 0.84-0.99)]. In conclusion, in this first study of perinatal photoperiod and childhood cancer, we detected an inverse ["protective"] linear association between third trimester mean daily photoperiod and childhood cancer risk in the 8-16-h set of the total study population. Limited statistical power impeded the investigation of risks with individuals exposed to more extreme photoperiods. Future studies are needed to confirm differential photoperiod-associated risks and further investigations into the hypothesized circadian imprinting mechanism are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabriella Tikellis
- Population Epidemiology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Morfeld
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - J Valérie Groß
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Russell G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, OMPI G, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Division of Epidemiology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jean Golding
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Sjurdur Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Population Epidemiology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Population Epidemiology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford , UK
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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61
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Bartman CM, Eckle T. Circadian-Hypoxia Link and its Potential for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1075-1090. [PMID: 31096895 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190516081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the evolutionary time, all organisms and species on Earth evolved with an adaptation to consistent oscillations of sunlight and darkness, now recognized as 'circadian rhythm.' Single-cellular to multisystem organisms use circadian biology to synchronize to the external environment and provide predictive adaptation to changes in cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of circadian biology has been implicated in numerous prevalent human diseases, and subsequently targeting the circadian machinery may provide innovative preventative or treatment strategies. Discovery of 'peripheral circadian clocks' unleashed widespread investigations into the potential roles of clock biology in cellular, tissue, and organ function in healthy and diseased states. Particularly, oxygen-sensing pathways (e.g. hypoxia inducible factor, HIF1), are critical for adaptation to changes in oxygen availability in diseases such as myocardial ischemia. Recent investigations have identified a connection between the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) and HIF1A that may elucidate an evolutionarily conserved cellular network that can be targeted to manipulate metabolic function in stressed conditions like hypoxia or ischemia. Understanding the link between circadian and hypoxia pathways may provide insights and subsequent innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with myocardial ischemia. This review addresses our current understanding of the connection between light-sensing pathways (PER2), and oxygen-sensing pathways (HIF1A), in the context of myocardial ischemia and lays the groundwork for future studies to take advantage of these two evolutionarily conserved pathways in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Marie Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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62
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Abstract
Life for meta-organisms is based on a strong relationship between gut bacteria and body cells. This review summarizes to what extent the microbiota can influence host circadian rhythms via a literature review on the topic. The results show that microbiota can influence the host's circadian gene expression through direct interactions via immunoreceptors and microbiota-derived metabolites, especially in peripheral tissues. Noteworthy metabolites that are only attributable to the microbiota are short-chain fatty acids and unconjugated bile acids. The microbiota also serves as a mediator for the interplay between the host's diet and circadian rhythmicity. This work furthermore displays that the microbiota is subject to diurnal variations in terms of structure and function and that the host and the host's diet influence these fluctuations. As most of these results originate in mouse models, we hope this work stimulates further research in human derived tissue to verify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Schmalle
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Lorentz
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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63
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Vetter C. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:531-550. [PMID: 30402904 PMCID: PMC6504624 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization to local environmental time cues, but this re-synchronization is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When such challenges are experienced chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, as for example in the case of rotating night shift workers. The transient and chronic disturbance of the circadian system is most frequently referred to as "circadian disruption", but many other terms have been proposed and used to refer to similar situations. It is now beyond doubt that the circadian system contributes to health and disease, emphasizing the need for clear terminology when describing challenges to the circadian system and their consequences. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the terms used to describe disruption of the circadian system, discuss proposed quantifications of disruption in experimental and observational settings with a focus on human research, and highlight limitations and challenges of currently available tools. For circadian research to advance as a translational science, clear, operationalizable, and scalable quantifications of circadian disruption are key, as they will enable improved assessment and reproducibility of results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal research, to large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Houwing DJ, de Waard J, Ramsteijn AS, Woelders T, de Boer SF, Wams EJ, Olivier JDA. Perinatal fluoxetine exposure disrupts the circadian response to a phase-shifting challenge in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2555-2568. [PMID: 32533210 PMCID: PMC7351858 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are increasingly prescribed during pregnancy. Changes in serotonergic signaling during human fetal development have been associated with changes in brain development and with changes in affective behavior in adulthood. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is known to be modulated by serotonin and it is therefore assumed that SSRIs may affect circadian rhythms. However, effects of perinatal SSRI treatment on circadian system functioning in the offspring are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to the SSRI fluoxetine (FLX) on circadian behavior, affective behavior, and 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity in female rats. In addition, we studied the expression of clock genes and the 5-HT1A receptor in the SCN, as they are potentially involved in underlying mechanisms contributing to changes in circadian rhythms. RESULTS Perinatal FLX exposure shortened the free-running tau in response to the 5-HT1A/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT. However, FLX exposure did not alter anxiety, stress coping, and 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity. No differences were found in 5-HT1A receptor and clock genes Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 SCN gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal FLX exposure altered the response to a phase-shifting challenge in female rats, whether this may pose health risks remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Houwing
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolien de Waard
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouschka S Ramsteijn
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Woelders
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Chronobiology, GELIFES, Univ. Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J Wams
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Department of Neurobiology, unit Behavioral Neuroscience, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Foo JC, Sirignano L, Trautmann N, Kim J, Witt SH, Streit F, Frank J, Zillich L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer U, Schilling C, Schredl M, Yamamoto Y, Gilles M, Deuschle M, Rietschel M. Association of Locomotor Activity During Sleep Deprivation Treatment With Response. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:688. [PMID: 32792995 PMCID: PMC7385277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep patterns are frequently observed features of psychiatric disorders, and especially mood disorders. Sleep deprivation treatment (SD) exerts rapid but transient antidepressant effects in depressed patients and has gained recognition as a model to study quick-acting antidepressant effects. It is of interest how locomotor activity patterns during SD might be associated with and potentially predict treatment response. The present study is an analysis of locomotor activity data, previously collected over a 24 h period, to examine the night of SD (Trautmann et al. 2018) as mood disorder patients suffering from a depressive episode (n = 78; after exclusions n = 59) underwent SD. In this exploratory analysis, the associations between response to SD, locomotor activity, and subjective mood during the 24 h period of SD were explored. Higher levels of activity overall were observed in non-responders (n = 18); in particular, non-responders moved more during the evening of SD until midnight and remained high thereafter. In contrast, activity in responders (n = 41) decreased during the evening and increased in the morning. Subjective mood was not found to be associated with locomotor activity. The window of data available in this analysis being limited, additional data from before and after the intervention are required to fully characterize the results observed. The present results hint at the possible utility of locomotor activity as a predictor and early indicator of treatment response, and suggest that the relationship between SD and locomotor activity patterns should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Clifford Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Sirignano
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Trautmann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jinhyuk Kim
- Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Schilling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yoshiharu Yamamoto
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Deuschle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Carissimi A, A. B. Oliveira M, Frey BN, Navarro JF, Hidalgo MP, Adan A. Validation and psychometric properties of the Spanish Mood Rhythm Instrument. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1675023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Melissa A. B. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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67
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Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:79-101. [PMID: 31589825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is a major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;
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Riegel B, Daus M, Lozano AJ, Malone SK, Patterson F, Hanlon AL. Shift Workers Have Higher Blood Pressure Medicine Use, But Only When They Are Short Sleepers: A Longitudinal UK Biobank Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013269. [PMID: 31581870 PMCID: PMC6818048 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Some, but not all, studies report associations between shift work and hypertension, suggesting that particular subgroups may be at risk. We examined moderating effects of sleep duration and circadian preference on the relationship between shift work and new blood pressure (BP) medicine use at follow‐up. Methods and Results Baseline and 5‐year follow‐up data from the UK Biobank cohort (N=9200) were used to generate logistic regression models for shift workers and nonshift workers. The moderating effects of sleep duration (short ≤6 hours; adequate 7–8 hours; long ≥9 hours) and circadian preference (morning “larks;” intermediate; evening “owls”) at baseline were examined with new BP medicine use at follow‐up, adjusting for age, sex, race, education, employment, urban/rural, cardiovascular disease family history, depression, alcohol intake, physical activity, diet, smoking, and body mass index. The sample was predominately middle aged (55.3±7.4), female (57.3%), and white (97.9%). Most reported adequate sleep duration (7–8 hours, 73.7%) and were intermediate type (65.3%); 8.0% were shift workers at baseline. Only 6.5% reported new BP medicine use at follow‐up. Short sleep duration was a significant moderator of new BP medicine use in shift workers. Among short sleepers, shift workers had a 2.1‐fold increased odds of new BP medicine use compared with nonshift workers (odds ratio=2.08, 95% CI=1.21–3.58, P=0.008). In those reporting adequate (odds ratio=0.82, 95% CI=0.54–1.25, P=0.35) and long sleep (odds ratio=0.64, 95% CI=0.11–3.54, P=0.60), this relationship was protective but nonsignificant. Interaction between circadian preference and shift work on BP medicine use was nonsignificant. Conclusions Shift workers with short sleep duration may be at risk for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Riegel
- School of Nursing Biobehavioral Health Sciences Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Marguerite Daus
- School of Nursing Biobehavioral Health Sciences Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Alicia J Lozano
- Department of Statistics College of Science Hutcheson Hall Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA
| | - Susan K Malone
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New York NY
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition College of Health Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE
| | - Alexandra L Hanlon
- Department of Statistics College of Science Hutcheson Hall Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA
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Reinberg A, Reinberg O, Mechkouri M, Touitou Y, Smolensky MH. Daily, weekly and annual patterns in children's accidental sport injuries. Chronobiol Int 2019; 35:597-616. [PMID: 29851522 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1459664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Details of serious injuries to children ≤16 yrs. of age that necessitated urgent surgical intervention by the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland were recorded into a database registry. Some 15 110 entries listed the precise time of injury, and 3114 (20.6%) of these resulted from participating in sport-associated activities. Time-of-day, day-of-week and month-of-year differences in the total number of children's accidental sport injuries (CASI) were validated. Time-of-day patterns were substantiated for "All Sports", for both boys and girls 5-16 yrs. of age, with more boys than girls experiencing incidents at almost every clock hour. Moreover, they were substantiated for this age group for each of the six different considered individual and team CASI categories - Physical Exercises at School; Bicycle Riding; Roller Skating and Skateboarding; Snow Skiing, Sledding, and Tobogganing; Soccer; and Basketball - for which sample sizes were sufficiently large (n > 230) to perform statistical assessment by ANOVA, t-test and/or cosinor analyses. CASI happened primarily between 06:00 and 17:00 h and rarely evening or overnight. Features - specific clock-time and number of peaks and troughs - of the CASI daily curve pattern of the individual six sport categories differed somewhat; nonetheless, excess or greatest number of CASI typically happened between 12:00 and 14:00 h, even when summertime and other scheduled school and family vacation periods were taken into account. Time-of-day and day-of-week patterns in the boy/girl sex ratio were also validated, with midday and Friday/Saturday peaks, respectively. We hypothesize the prominent 24 h patterns of CASI of 5-16 yr. olds, in particular, are representative of a combination of several determinants. These include exogenous periodic and cyclic environmental and sociocultural phenomena, genetic sex-related traits, plus endogenous circadian cognitive and physiologic rhythms, with the common midday injury excess of many sport categories, at least in part, the consequence of the well-documented midday dip in attention and vigilance of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Reinberg
- a Chronobiology Unit , Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild , Paris , France
| | - Olivier Reinberg
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Mechkouri
- a Chronobiology Unit , Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild , Paris , France
| | - Yvan Touitou
- a Chronobiology Unit , Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild , Paris , France
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin, Cockrell College of Engineering , Austin , Texas , USA
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Ramírez-Sánchez M, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Martínez-Cañamero M, Banegas I, de Gasparo M. Enkephalinase regulation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 111:105-129. [PMID: 31421697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After millennia of knowledge of opium, it was only recently that endogenous substances called opioids with similar properties to opium and derivatives were discovered. The first to be discovered were enkephalins. In addition to the regulation of their synthesis and expression of receptors, an important mechanism for the regulation of their functions carried out by multiple proteolytic enzymes acting at all levels of their structure is described. The action of such enzymes, known as enkephalinases, is also regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors which ultimately affect the control of the enkephalins's action. For therapeutic purposes, it is not only necessary to develop specific inhibitors but also to acquire a deep knowledge of the influence that such factors exert on their activities. This knowledge could help us to establish adapted therapeutic strategies in the treatment of pain or other processes in which enkephalinases are involved. In this chapter, some of these regulatory factors are discussed, such as regional and subcellular distribution, developmental changes, diurnal variations, hormonal influences, stress, dietary factors or interactions with other neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
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Paganini-Hill A, Bryant N, Corrada MM, Greenia DE, Fletcher E, Singh B, Floriolli D, Kawas CH, Fisher MJ. Blood Pressure Circadian Variation, Cognition and Brain Imaging in 90+ Year-Olds. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:54. [PMID: 31057391 PMCID: PMC6478755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between blood pressure (BP) variables, including circadian pattern, and cognition in 90+ year-olds. Methods: Twenty-four hour ambulatory BP monitoring was completed on 121 participants drawn from a longitudinal study of aging and dementia in the oldest-old. Various measures of BP and its variability, including nocturnal dipping, were calculated. Each person was given both a neuropsychological test battery covering different cognitive domains and a neurological examination to determine cognitive status. Seventy-one participants had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Results: Participants ranged in age from 90 to 102 years (mean = 93), about two-thirds were female, and nearly 80% had at least some college education. Mean nocturnal dips differed significantly between cognitively normal (n = 97) and impaired individuals (n = 24), with cognitively normal participants having on average greater nocturnal dips [6.6% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.006 for systolic BP (SBP); 11% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.002 for diastolic BP (DBP)]. Nocturnal dips were also related to performance on select cognitive test scores (especially those related to language, recent memory and visual-spatial ability), with individuals who performed below previously established median norms having significantly smaller nocturnal dips (both SBP and DBP) than those above the median. DBP reverse dippers had larger mean white matter hyperintensities (WMH as percent of total brain volume; 1.7% vs. 1.2%, 1.1% and 1.0% in extreme dippers, dippers, non-dippers) and a greater proportion had lobar cerebral microbleeds (CMBs; 44% vs. 0%, 7%, 16%, p < 0.05). Impaired participants had higher mean WMH than those with normal cognition (1.6% vs. 1.0% p = 0.03) and more tended to have CMB (31% vs. 20%, p = n.s.). Conclusion: These findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction is associated with dysregulation in the normal circadian BP pattern. Further study is warranted of the potential role of WHM and CMB as mediators of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annlia Paganini-Hill
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Bryant
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Dana E Greenia
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Baljeet Singh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David Floriolli
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Medicince, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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SMOLENSKY MH, REINBERG AE, FISCHER FM. Working Time Society consensus statements: Circadian time structure impacts vulnerability to xenobiotics-relevance to industrial toxicology and nonstandard work schedules. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:158-174. [PMID: 30700669 PMCID: PMC6449632 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The circadian time structure (CTS) has long been the subject of research in occupational medicine, but not to industrial toxicology, including methods of setting threshold limit values (TLVs) and employee biological monitoring. Numerous animal and human investigations document vulnerability to chemical, contagion, and other xenobiotics varies according to the circadian time of encounter. Permanent and rotating nightshift personnel are exposed to industrial contaminants in the same or higher concentration as dayshift personnel, and because of incomplete CTS adjustment to night work, contact with contaminants occurs during a different biological time than day workers. Thus, the amount of protection afforded by certain TLVs, especially for employees of high-risk settings who work night and other nonstandard shift schedules, might be inadequate. The CTS seems additionally germane to procedures of employee biological monitoring in that high-amplitude 24 h rhythms in biomarkers indicative of xenobiotic exposure may result in misjudgment of health risks when data are not gathered in sufficient frequency over time and properly interpreted. Biological reference values time-qualified for their rhythmic variation, currently of interest to laboratory medicine practice, are seemingly important to industrial medicine as circadian time and work-shift specific biological exposure indices to improve surveillance of personnel, particularly those working nonstandard shift schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. SMOLENSKY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | | | - Frida Marina FISCHER
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health,
University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Telling the Time with a Broken Clock: Quantifying Circadian Disruption in Animal Models. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010018. [PMID: 30901884 PMCID: PMC6466320 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24 h cycles in physiology and behaviour that enable organisms to anticipate predictable rhythmic changes in their environment. These rhythms are a hallmark of normal healthy physiology, and disruption of circadian rhythms has implications for cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immune function. Circadian disruption is of increasing concern, and may occur as a result of the pressures of our modern 24/7 society—including artificial light exposure, shift-work and jet-lag. In addition, circadian disruption is a common comorbidity in many different conditions, ranging from aging to neurological disorders. A key feature of circadian disruption is the breakdown of robust, reproducible rhythms with increasing fragmentation between activity and rest. Circadian researchers have developed a range of methods for estimating the period of time series, typically based upon periodogram analysis. However, the methods used to quantify circadian disruption across the literature are not consistent. Here we describe a range of different measures that have been used to measure circadian disruption, with a particular focus on laboratory rodent data. These methods include periodogram power, variability in activity onset, light phase activity, activity bouts, interdaily stability, intradaily variability and relative amplitude. The strengths and limitations of these methods are described, as well as their normal ranges and interrelationships. Whilst there is an increasing appreciation of circadian disruption as both a risk to health and a potential therapeutic target, greater consistency in the quantification of disrupted rhythms is needed.
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Leite Góes Gitai D, de Andrade TG, Dos Santos YDR, Attaluri S, Shetty AK. Chronobiology of limbic seizures: Potential mechanisms and prospects of chronotherapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:122-134. [PMID: 30629979 PMCID: PMC7023906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) characterized by progressive development of complex partial seizures originating from the hippocampus is the most prevalent and refractory type of epilepsy. One of the remarkable features of mTLE is the rhythmic pattern of occurrence of spontaneous seizures, implying a dependence on the endogenous clock system for seizure threshold. Conversely, circadian rhythms are affected by epilepsy too. Comprehending how the circadian system and seizures interact with each other is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy as well as for developing innovative therapies that are efficacious for better seizure control. In this review, we confer how the temporal dysregulation of the circadian clock in the hippocampus combined with multiple uncoupled oscillators could lead to periodic seizure occurrences and comorbidities. Unraveling these associations with additional research would help in developing chronotherapy for mTLE, based on the chronobiology of spontaneous seizures. Notably, differential dosing of antiepileptic drugs over the circadian period and/or strategies that resynchronize biological rhythms may substantially improve the management of seizures in mTLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leite Góes Gitai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.
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76
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A time to fight: Circadian control of aggression and associated autonomic support. Auton Neurosci 2018; 217:35-40. [PMID: 30704973 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus (SCN), regulates daily behavioral rhythms including the temporal propensity for aggressive behavior. Such aggression propensity rhythms are regulated by a functional circuit from the SCN to neurons that drive attack behavior in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), via a relay in the subparaventricular zone (SPZ). In addition to this pathway, the SCN also regulates sleep-wake and locomotor activity rhythms, via the SPZ, in a circuit to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), a structure that is also known to play a key role in autonomic function and the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" response (which prepares the body for action in stressful situations such as an agonistic encounter). While the autonomic nervous system is known to be under pronounced circadian control, it is less apparent how such autonomic rhythms and their underlying circuitry may support the temporal propensity for aggressive behavior. Additionally, it is unclear how circadian and autonomic dysfunction may contribute to aberrant social and emotional behavior, such as agitation and aggression. Here we review the literature concerning interactions between the circadian and autonomic systems and aggression, and we discuss the implications of these relationships for human neural and behavioral pathologies.
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77
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Liu J, Zou X, Gotoh T, Brown AM, Jiang L, Wisdom EL, Kim JK, Finkielstein CV. Distinct control of PERIOD2 degradation and circadian rhythms by the oncoprotein and ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/556/eaau0715. [PMID: 30425162 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock relies on posttranslational modifications to set the timing for degradation of core regulatory components, which drives clock progression. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes that target clock components for degradation mainly recognize phosphorylated substrates. Degradation of the circadian clock component PERIOD 2 (PER2) is mediated by its phospho-specific recognition by β-transducin repeat-containing proteins (β-TrCPs), which are F-box-containing proteins that function as substrate recognition subunits of the SCFβ-TRCP ubiquitin ligase complex. However, this mode of regulating PER2 stability falls short of explaining the persistent oscillatory phenotypes reported in biological systems lacking functional elements of the phospho-dependent PER2 degradation machinery. We identified PER2 as a previously uncharacterized substrate for the ubiquitin ligase mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and found that MDM2 targeted PER2 for degradation in a manner independent of PER2 phosphorylation. Deregulation of MDM2 plays a major role in oncogenesis by contributing to the accumulation of genomic and epigenomic alterations that favor tumor development. MDM2-mediated PER2 turnover was important for defining the circadian period length in mammalian cells, a finding that emphasizes the connection between the circadian clock and cancer. Our results not only broaden the range of specific substrates of MDM2 beyond the cell cycle to include circadian components but also identify a previously unknown regulator of the clock as a druggable node that is often found to be deregulated during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Liu
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xianlin Zou
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Gotoh
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Anne M Brown
- Research and Informatics, University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Esther L Wisdom
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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78
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Maldonado JR. Delirium pathophysiology: An updated hypothesis of the etiology of acute brain failure. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1428-1457. [PMID: 29278283 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome encountered by clinicians dealing with older adults and the medically ill and is best characterized by 5 core domains: cognitive deficits, attentional deficits, circadian rhythm dysregulation, emotional dysregulation, and alteration in psychomotor functioning. DESIGN An extensive literature review and consolidation of published data into a novel interpretation of known pathophysiological causes of delirium. RESULTS Available data suggest that numerous pathological factors may serve as precipitants for delirium, each having differential effects depending on patient-specific patient physiological characteristics (substrate). On the basis of an extensive literature search, a newly proposed theory, the systems integration failure hypothesis, was developed to bring together the most salient previously described theories, by describing the various contributions from each into a complex web of pathways-highlighting areas of intersection and commonalities and explaining how the variable contribution of these may lead to the development of various cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions characteristic of delirium. The specific cognitive and behavioral manifestations of the specific delirium picture result from a combination of neurotransmitter function and availability, variability in integration and processing of sensory information, motor responses to both external and internal cues, and the degree of breakdown in neuronal network connectivity, hence the term acute brain failure. CONCLUSIONS The systems integration failure hypothesis attempts to explain how the various proposed delirium pathophysiologic theories interact with each other, causing various clinically observed delirium phenotypes. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of delirium may eventually assist in designing better prevention and management approaches.
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79
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Low-Grade Inflammation Aggravates Rotenone Neurotoxicity and Disrupts Circadian Clock Gene Expression in Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:421-431. [PMID: 30328585 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A single injection of LPS produced low-grade neuroinflammation leading to Parkinson's disease (PD) in mice several months later. Whether such a phenomenon occurs in rats and whether such low-grade neuroinflammation would aggravate rotenone (ROT) neurotoxicity and disrupts circadian clock gene/protein expressions were examined in this study. Male rats were given two injections of LPS (2.5-7.5 mg/kg), and neuroinflammation and dopamine neuron loss were evident 3 months later. Seven months after a single LPS (5 mg/kg) injection, rats received low doses of ROT (0.5 mg/kg, sc, 5 times/week for 4 weeks) to examine low-grade neuroinflammation on ROT toxicity. LPS plus ROT produced more pronounced non-motor and motor dysfunctions than LPS or ROT alone in behavioral tests, and decreased mitochondrial complex 1 activity, together with aggravated neuroinflammation and neuron loss. The expressions of clock core genes brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1), locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), and neuronal PAS domain protein-2 (Npas2) were decreased in LPS, ROT, and LPS plus ROT groups. The expressions of circadian feedback genes Periods (Per1 and Per2) were also decreased, but Cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2) were unaltered. The circadian clock target genes nuclear receptor Rev-Erbα (Nr1d1), and D-box-binding protein (Dbp) expressions were also decreased. Consistent with the transcript levels, circadian clock protein BMAL1, CLOCK, NR1D1, and DBP were also decreased. Thus, LPS-induced chronic low-grade neuroinflammation potentiated ROT neurotoxicity and disrupted circadian clock gene/protein expression, suggesting a role of disrupted circadian in PD development and progression. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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80
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Cash E, Duck CR, Brinkman C, Rebholz W, Albert C, Worthen M, Jusufbegovic M, Wilson L, Bumpous JM. Depressive symptoms and actigraphy-measured circadian disruption predict head and neck cancer survival. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2500-2507. [PMID: 30117225 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms have demonstrated prognostic significance among head and neck cancer patients. Depression is associated with circadian disruption, which is prognostic in multiple other cancer types. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with circadian disruption in head and neck cancer, that each would be related to poorer 2-year overall survival, and that relationships would be mediated by tumor response to treatment. METHODS Patients (N = 55) reported on cognitive/affective and somatic depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and wore an actigraph for 6 days to continuously record rest and activity cycles prior to chemoradiation. Records review documented treatment response and 2-year survival. Spearman correlations tested depressive symptoms and circadian disruption relationships. Cox proportional hazard models tested the predictive capability of depressive symptoms and circadian disruption, separately, on survival. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with circadian disruption, and both were significantly associated with shorter survival (somatic: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.325, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.089-1.611, P = .005; rest/activity rhythm: HR = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.009-0.563, P = .012; nighttime restfulness: HR = 0.910, 95% CI = 0.848-0.977, P = .009). Tumor response to treatment appeared to partly mediate the nighttime restfulness-survival relationship. CONCLUSIONS This study replicates and extends prior work with new evidence linking a subjective measure of depression and an objective measure of circadian disruption-2 known prognostic indicators-to shortened overall survival among head and neck cancer patients. Continued examination should elucidate mechanisms by which depressive symptomatology and circadian disruption translate to head and neck cancer progression and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C Riley Duck
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Courtney Brinkman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Whitney Rebholz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christy Albert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary Worthen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mia Jusufbegovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Liz Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bumpous
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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81
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Garland SN, Irwin MR, Posner D, Perlis ML. Are sleep continuity disturbance and fatigue prodromal symptoms of cancer development? Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:72-75. [PMID: 30220346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep continuity disturbance (also known as insomnia) and fatigue are common complaints of individuals diagnosed with cancer. Traditionally, many have believed that sleep continuity disturbance and fatigue are caused, in large measure, by the impact of the cancer diagnosis and treatment. Recent prospective research suggests however, that sleep continuity disturbance and fatigue may actually precede a cancer diagnosis. We suggest that sleep continuity disturbance and fatigue may in fact represent prodromal symptoms of cancer. We review the current perspectives of this sequence of events and present a revised schematic that accounts for the role of biological, behavioural, and cognitive factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of sleep continuity disturbances in cancer patients. Monitoring emergent and unexplained patient-reported fatigue, sleepiness, and insomnia may serve as early warning signs of new onset cancer, providing opportunity for early detection and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila N Garland
- Departments of Psychology and Oncology, Memorial University, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, and the Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza #3109, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Donn Posner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, United States
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 670, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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82
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Matos HDC, Koike BDV, Pereira WDS, de Andrade TG, Castro OW, Duzzioni M, Kodali M, Leite JP, Shetty AK, Gitaí DLG. Rhythms of Core Clock Genes and Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Post- Status Epilepticus Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:632. [PMID: 30116220 PMCID: PMC6082935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) with the circadian system control is apparent from an oscillatory pattern of limbic seizures, daytime's effect on seizure onset and the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, seizures per se can interfere with the biological rhythm output, including circadian oscillation of body temperature, locomotor activity, EEG pattern as well as the transcriptome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this cross-talk remain unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the temporal expression of seven core circadian transcripts (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3) and the spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) in post-status epilepticus (SE) model of mTLE. Twenty-four hour oscillating SLA remained intact in post-SE groups although the circadian phase and the amount and intensity of activity were changed in early post-SE and epileptic phases. The acrophase of the SLA rhythm was delayed during epileptogenesis, a fragmented 24 h rhythmicity and extended active phase length appeared in the epileptic phase. The temporal expression of circadian transcripts Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3 was also substantially altered. The oscillatory expression of Bmal1 was maintained in rats imperiled to SE, but with lower amplitude (A = 0.2) and an advanced acrophase in the epileptic phase. The diurnal rhythm of Cry1 and Cry2 was absent in the early post-SE but was recovered in the epileptic phase. Per1 and Per2 rhythmic expression were disrupted in post-SE groups while Per3 presented an arrhythmic profile in the epileptic phase, only. The expression of Clock did not display rhythmic pattern in any condition. These oscillating patterns of core clock genes may contribute to hippocampal 24 h cycling and, consequently to seizure periodicity. Furthermore, by using a pool of samples collected at 6 different Zeitgeber Times (ZT), we found that all clock transcripts were significantly dysregulated after SE induction, except Per3 and Per2. Collectively, altered SLA rhythm in early post-SE and epileptic phases implies a possible role for seizure as a nonphotic cue, which is likely linked to activation of hippocampal–accumbens pathway. On the other hand, altered temporal expression of the clock genes after SE suggests their involvement in the MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa de Carvalho Matos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Tiago G de Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Olagide W Castro
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.,Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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83
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Cote I, Toklu HZ, Green SM, Morgan D, Carter CS, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ. Limiting feeding to the active phase reduces blood pressure without the necessity of caloric reduction or fat mass loss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R751-R758. [PMID: 30024775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00076.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reducing body weight has been shown to lower blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension. However, success of those lifestyle interventions is limited due to poor long-term compliance. Emerging evidence indicates that feeding schedule plays a role on the regulation of blood pressure. With two studies, we examined the role of feeding schedule on energy homeostasis and blood pressure. In study 1, rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum for 24 h (Control) or for 12 h during the dark phase (time-restricted feeding, TRF). In study 2, rats fed a HFD were administered a long-acting α-MSH analog at either light onset [melanotan II (MTII) light] or dark onset (MTII dark) or saline (Control). MTII light animals ate most of their calories during the active phase, similar to the TRF group. In study 1, Control and TRF rats consumed the same amount of food and gained the same amount of weight and fat mass. Interestingly, systolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lower in the TRF group. In study 2, food intake was significantly lower in both MTII groups relative to Control. Although timing of injection affected light versus dark phase food consumption, neither body weight nor fat mass differed between MTII groups. Consistent with study 1, rats consuming their calories during the active phase displayed lower MAP. These data indicate that limiting feeding to the active phase reduces blood pressure without the necessity of reducing calories or fat mass, which could be relevant to obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cote
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sara M Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe recurrence patterns and investigate candidate risk factors for recurrences of central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS In 46 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy and follow-up >12 months after first episode resolution, parameters influencing recurrences were retrospectively evaluated using a frailty Cox proportional hazard survival model. Covariates included baseline systemic findings: age, gender, corticosteroid use, stress, shift work, sleep disorder, depression, allergy, cardiovascular risk; baseline optical coherence tomography findings: subfoveal choroidal thickness, pigment epithelial detachment pattern (regular/bump/irregular), number of subretinal hyperreflective foci at leakage site; baseline angiographic findings: fluorescein leakage intensity (intense/moderate/subtle/absent), hyperpermeability pattern on indocyanine-green angiography (focal/multifocal); and episode-related findings: duration and treatment of previous episode. RESULTS Twenty of 46 subjects (43%) presented ≥1 recurrences during a mean follow-up of 29.9 ± 9.5 months (range, 15-54 months). Follow-up duration did not differ between cases with or without recurrences (P = 0.3). Worse final visual acuity levels (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) were associated with a higher number of episodes during follow-up (P = 0.032, r = 0.28). In a univariate analysis, higher subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.021), nonintense fluorescein leakage (= moderate/subtle/absent, P = 0.033), multiple subretinal hyperreflective foci (P = 0.026), and shift work (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with recurrences, with a near-significant influence of irregular pigment epithelial detachment (P = 0.093). In a multivariate analysis, higher subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.007), nonintense fluorescein leakage (P = 0.003) and shift work (P < 0.0001) remained significant and independent risk factors for recurrences. CONCLUSION Multiple factors influence the risk of central serous chorioretinopathy recurrence. These findings may contribute to identify patients at higher risk, who could benefit from earlier or more intensive treatment.
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85
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Tapia M, Wulff-Zottele C, De Gregorio N, Lang M, Varela H, Josefa Serón-Ferré M, Vivaldi EA, Araneda OF, Silva-Urra J, Gunga HC, Behn C. Melatonin Relations With Respiratory Quotient Weaken on Acute Exposure to High Altitude. Front Physiol 2018; 9:798. [PMID: 30008674 PMCID: PMC6034204 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure may affect human health and performance by involving the body timing system. Daily variations of melatonin may disrupt by HA exposure, thereby possibly affecting its relations with a metabolic parameter like the respiratory quotient (RQ). Sea level (SL) volunteers (7 women and 7 men, 21.0 ± 2.04 y) were examined for daily changes in salivary melatonin concentration (SMC). Sampling was successively done at SL (Antofagasta, Chile) and, on acute HA exposure, at nearby Caspana (3,270 m asl). Saliva was collected in special vials (Salimetrics Oral Swab, United Kingdom) at sunny noon (SMCD) and in the absence of blue light at midnight (SMCN). The samples were obtained after rinsing the mouth with tap water and were analyzed for SMC by immunoassay (ELISA kit; IBL International, Germany). RQ measurements (n = 12) were realized with a portable breath to breath metabolic system (OxiconTM Mobile, Germany), between 8:00 PM and 10:00 PM, once at either location. At SL, SMCD, and SMCN values (mean ± SD) were, respectively, 2.14 ± 1.30 and 11.6 ± 13.9 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Corresponding values at HA were 8.83 ± 12.6 and 13.7 ± 16.7 pg/ml (n.s.). RQ was 0.78 ± 0.07 and 0.89 ± 0.08, respectively, at SL and HA (p < 0.05). Differences between SMCN and SMCD (SMCN-SMCD) strongly correlate with the corresponding RQ values at SL (r = -0.74) and less tight at HA (r = -0.37). Similarly, mean daily SMC values (SMC) tightly correlate with RQ at SL (r = -0.79) and weaker at HA (r = -0.31). SMCN-SMCD, as well as, SMC values at SL, on the other hand, respectively, correlate with the corresponding values at HA (r = 0.71 and r = 0.85). Acute exposure to HA appears to loosen relations of SMC with RQ. A personal profile in daily SMC variation, on the other hand, tends to be conserved at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Tapia
- Owl Capacitaciones y Asesorías SpA, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Nicole De Gregorio
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Morin Lang
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Héctor Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Ennio A Vivaldi
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar F Araneda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Silva-Urra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Behn
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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86
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Kim J, Ku B, Bae JH, Han GC, Kim JU. Contrast in the circadian behaviors of an electrodermal activity and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1413-1422. [PMID: 29939768 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1486852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probing the electrical response of the human body is minimally invasive and a promising area of investigation for future health care. The electrical responses of individuals may vary depending on daily physiological rhythms or environmental changes, which may hamper their prediction for pathological status. In this study, we observed circadian expressions via both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical responses of the human body using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and electrodermal activity (EDA). In total, 14 healthy adults (9 males and 5 females) participated and were hospitalized for 2 nights with controlled caloric intake, sleep hours and residential conditions. The EDA data showed a significant circadian rhythm, but the BIA data did not show significant modulations during the measurement period. No difference was found between circadian changes in male and female participants. The acrophase of the EDA voltage response showed similar behavior with variations in the heart rate variability, with a resistance minimum occurring at approximately 4 pm, implying that the behavior of the EDA is probably affected by the sympathetic nerve response. Moreover, the resistance of the EDA varied by up to 15% from its mean value, which suggests that circadian variations cannot be neglected for the correct diagnosis of pathological conditions. In contrast, the BIA method did not show this circadian variation but showed independent results over the measurement period. This difference in performance implies that the DC and AC responses of the human body contain different electrophysiological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Kim
- a KM Fundamental Research Division , Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- a KM Fundamental Research Division , Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Han Bae
- a KM Fundamental Research Division , Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Cheol Han
- b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeuk U Kim
- a KM Fundamental Research Division , Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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87
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Potter EA, Proskurina AS, Ritter GS, Dolgova EV, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Taranov OS, Efremov YR, Bayborodin SI, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Efficacy of a new cancer treatment strategy based on eradication of tumor-initiating stem cells in a mouse model of Krebs-2 solid adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28486-28499. [PMID: 29983875 PMCID: PMC6033367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Krebs-2 solid carcinoma was cured using a new “3+1” strategy for eradication of Krebs-2 tumor-initiating stem cells. This strategy was based on synchronization of these cells in a treatment-sensitive phase of the cell cycle. The synchronization mechanism, subsequent destruction of Krebs-2 tumor-initiating stem cells, and cure of mice from a solid graft were found to depend on the temporal profile of the interstrand cross-link repair cycle. Also, the temporal profile of the Krebs-2 interstrand repair cycle was found to have a pronounced seasonal cyclicity at the place of experiments (Novosibirsk, Russia). As a result, the therapeutic effect that is based on application of the described strategy, originally developed for the “winter repair cycle” (November−April), is completely eliminated in the summer period (June−September). We conclude that оne of the possible and the likeliest reasons for our failure to observe the therapeutic effects was the seasonal cyclicity in the duration of the interstrand repair cycle, the parameter that is central to our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Genrikh S Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey I Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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88
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Razzoli M, Emmett MJ, Lazar MA, Bartolomucci A. β-Adrenergic receptors control brown adipose UCP-1 tone and cold response without affecting its circadian rhythmicity. FASEB J 2018; 32:5640-5646. [PMID: 29715048 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic functions are primarily mediated by uncoupling protein (UCP)-1. Ucp1 gene expression is highly induced by cold temperature, via sympathetic nervous system and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). Ucp1 is also repressed by the clock gene Rev-erbα, contributing to its circadian rhythmicity. In this study, we investigated mice lacking βARs (β-less mice) to test the relationship between βAR signaling and the BAT molecular clock. We found that in addition to controlling the induction of Ucp1 and other key BAT genes at near freezing temperatures, βARs are essential for the basal expression of BAT Ucp1 at room temperature. Remarkably, although basal Ucp1 expression is low throughout day and night in β-less mice, the circadian rhythmicity of Ucp1 and clock genes in BAT is maintained. Thus, the requirement of βAR signaling for BAT activity is independent of the circadian rhythmicity of Ucp1 expression and circadian oscillation of the molecular clock genes. On the other hand, we found that βARs are essential for the normal circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. Our results demonstrate that in addition to controlling the BAT response to extreme cold, βAR signaling is necessary to maintain basal Ucp1 tone and to couple BAT circadian rhythmicity to the central clock.-Razzoli, M., Emmett, M. J., Lazar, M. A., Bartolomucci, A. β-Adrenergic receptors control brown adipose UCP-1 tone and cold response without affecting its circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Matthew J Emmett
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; and
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89
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VoPham T, Weaver MD, Vetter C, Hart JE, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Bertrand KA. Circadian Misalignment and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:719-727. [PMID: 29636342 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian misalignment may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to examine the association between distance from time zone meridian, a proxy for circadian misalignment, and HCC risk in the United States adjusting for known HCC risk factors.Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) provided information on 56,347 HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries in the United States. Distance from time zone meridian was estimated using the location of each SEER county's Center of Population in a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between distance from time zone meridian and HCC risk adjusting for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level prevalence of health conditions, lifestyle factors, shift work occupation, socioeconomic status, and demographic and environmental factors.Results: A 5-degree increase in longitude moving east to west within a time zone was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for HCC (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14, P = 0.03). A statistically significant positive association was observed among those <65 years old, while no association was observed among individuals ≥65 years old (Pfor interaction < 0.01).Conclusions: Circadian misalignment from residing in the western region of a time zone may impact hepatocarcinogenesis.Impact: Circadian misalignment may be an independent risk factor for HCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 719-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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90
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Walton ZE, Altman BJ, Brooks RC, Dang CV. Circadian Clock's Cancer Connections. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra E. Walton
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebekah C. Brooks
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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91
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review presents an in-depth overview of the sleep–wake phenotype of patients with cirrhosis, together with available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. A set of simple, practical recommendations is also provided. Recent Findings The understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in this patient population has improved over the past decade, especially in relation to the interplay between homeostatic and circadian sleep regulation. In addition, new tools have been utilised for both screening and in-depth investigation of the sleep–wake profile of these patients. Finally, a number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of novel treatment strategies, often with encouraging results. Summary Since sleep disturbances are common in patients with cirrhosis, more so than in patients with other chronic diseases of similar severity, their assessment should become routine hepatological practice, along with the initiation of adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Formentin
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Garrido
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.,Department of Physiology, Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Science, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sara Montagnese
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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92
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Martino JK, Freelance CB, Willis GL. The effect of light exposure on insomnia and nocturnal movement in Parkinson's disease: an open label, retrospective, longitudinal study. Sleep Med 2018. [PMID: 29530365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia, hypersomnia and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RSBD) during sleep are major problems for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) but they are also used to predict its onset. While these secondary symptoms detract from the quality of life in PD patients, few treatment options are available due to limited efficacy or risk of complicating the treatment regimen. Light therapy (LT) has been suggested as a strategy for sleep disorders but it has only been implemented recently for use in PD. An open label, retrospective study was undertaken where PD patients had been undergoing LT, using polychromatic light, for four months to 15 years prior. It was found that 1 h exposure to light, just prior to retiring, significantly improved insomnia and reduced RSBD in as little as one month after commencing LT. In addition, the improvement was maintained as long as LT was continued over a four to six year period. The efficacy of LT in alleviating these sleep related conditions was not compromised by time since diagnosis or age of the patient. These results intimate the value of long term application of non-invasive techniques such as LT for treating sleep disorders in PD and justify further controlled trials on the long term efficacy of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Martino
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, The Bronowski Clinic, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria, 3444, Australia; The Cairnmillar Institute, School of Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy, 993 Burke Road, Camberwell, Victoria, 3142, Australia
| | - Christopher B Freelance
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, The Bronowski Clinic, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria, 3444, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, The Bronowski Clinic, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria, 3444, Australia.
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93
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Novel treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease: insights from the animal kingdom. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:265-284. [PMID: 29332935 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the >2 million animal species that inhabit Earth have developed survival mechanisms that aid in the prevention of obesity, kidney disease, starvation, dehydration and vascular ageing; however, some animals remain susceptible to these complications. Domestic and captive wild felids, for example, show susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially linked to the high protein intake of these animals. By contrast, naked mole rats are a model of longevity and are protected from extreme environmental conditions through mechanisms that provide resistance to oxidative stress. Biomimetic studies suggest that the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) offers protection in extreme environmental conditions and promotes longevity in the animal kingdom. Similarly, during months of fasting, immobilization and anuria, hibernating bears are protected from muscle wasting, azotaemia, thrombotic complications, organ damage and osteoporosis - features that are often associated with CKD. Improved understanding of the susceptibility and protective mechanisms of these animals and others could provide insights into novel strategies to prevent and treat several human diseases, such as CKD and ageing-associated complications. An integrated collaboration between nephrologists and experts from other fields, such as veterinarians, zoologists, biologists, anthropologists and ecologists, could introduce a novel approach for improving human health and help nephrologists to find novel treatment strategies for CKD.
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94
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Pilz LK, Carissimi A, Francisco AP, Oliveira MAB, Slyepchenko A, Epifano K, Garay LLS, Fabris RC, Scop M, Streiner DL, Hidalgo MP, Frey BN. Prospective Assessment of Daily Patterns of Mood-Related Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 30186188 PMCID: PMC6110875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRI) is a new self-report questionnaire that aims to assess, the presence, and timing of daily patterns of mood-related symptoms. Here, we examined the reliability of the MRI against a prospective daily investigation over the course of 15 days. As a secondary aim, we examined whether the number of items with a perceived daily pattern correlated with severity of depressive symptoms and psychological well-being. Methods: Thirty-two participants recruited from the general population were asked to prospectively fill out a daily version of the MRI (MRI-d) for 15 days. On the 16th day, they filled out the MRI, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index (WHO-5). Results: The MRI showed high agreement with the MRI-d, which suggests that the MRI is a valid tool to assess daily patterns of mood symptoms. The number of mood symptoms perceived as having daily peaks correlated positively with BDI scores and negatively with WHO-5 scores. Conclusions: The MRI might be a valid tool to investigate the presence of daily patterns and the timing of mood-related factors.The MRI does not seem to be influenced by recall or recency biases. Future studies should test the usefulness of this new clinical instrument in individuals with mood disorders, as well as its ability to detect changes in the daily timing of mood symptoms before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa K Pilz
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Francisco
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Melissa A B Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anastasiya Slyepchenko
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Epifano
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luciene L S Garay
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raul C Fabris
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Scop
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David L Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benicio N Frey
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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95
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Smolensky MH, Reinberg AE, Sackett-Lundeen L. Perspectives on the relevance of the circadian time structure to workplace threshold limit values and employee biological monitoring. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1439-1464. [PMID: 29215915 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1384740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian time structure (CTS) and its disruption by rotating and nightshift schedules relative to work performance, accident risk, and health/wellbeing have long been areas of occupational medicine research. Yet, there has been little exploration of the relevance of the CTS to setting short-term, time-weighted, and ceiling threshold limit values (TLVs); conducting employee biological monitoring (BM); and establishing normative reference biological exposure indices (BEIs). Numerous publications during the past six decades document the CTS substantially affects the disposition - absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination - and effects of medications. Additionally, laboratory animal and human studies verify the tolerance to chemical, biological (contagious), and physical agents can differ extensively according to the circadian time of exposure. Because of slow and usually incomplete CTS adjustment by rotating and permanent nightshift workers, occupational chemical and other contaminant encounters occur during a different circadian stage than for dayshift workers. Thus, the intended protection of some TLVs when working the nightshift compared to dayshift might be insufficient, especially in high-risk settings. The CTS is germane to employee BM in that large-amplitude predictable-in-time 24h variation can occur in the concentration of urine, blood, and saliva of monitored chemical contaminants and their metabolites plus biomarkers indicative of adverse xenobiotic exposure. The concept of biological time-qualified (for rhythms) reference values, currently of interest to clinical laboratory pathology practice, is seemingly applicable to industrial medicine as circadian time and workshift-specific BEIs to improve surveillance of night workers, in particular. Furthermore, BM as serial assessments performed frequently both during and off work, exemplified by employee self-measurement of lung function using a small portable peak expiratory flow meter, can easily identify intolerance before induction of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smolensky
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Alain E Reinberg
- b Unité de Chronobiologie , Fondation A. de Rothschild , Paris , France
| | - Linda Sackett-Lundeen
- c American Association for Medical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics , Roseville , MN , USA
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96
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Abstract
Taking into consideration that shift work has a wide-ranging impact on circadian and sleep functioning, it seems likely that shift work increases the risk of a general sleep disturbance, spread out over a multitude of comorbid sleep disorders. The aim of the present study is to analyze and present the sleep disorder data of 250 shift workers and 971 permanent day workers, taken from a nationally representative sample. Additional data concerning duration, timing, and quality of sleep, daytime functioning and social/family variables were added to the analyses. The results showed that the shift workers experienced significantly more difficulties with the variability of their sleep times, reported more napping and considered themselves more as poor sleepers than the day workers. Most importantly, shift work, in comparison with day work, appeared associated with a significantly higher prevalence of the clinical, International Classification of Sleep Disorders' defined symptoms of nearly all main sleep disorders (including shift work disorder). For shift workers, the prevalence of a general sleep disturbance was 39.0% (95%CI 33.2 - 45.2), significantly higher than for day workers (24.6%, 95%CI 22.0 - 27.4). Moreover, shift workers were characterized by high levels of sleep disorder comorbidity. In addition, exclusively for shift workers, the prevalence of disordered sleep systematically decreased across decades of life and was considerably higher for single versus partnered shift workers. This study adds to the insight into the interacting factors that determine shift work coping and may play a role in occupational health interventions aimed at reducing sleep problems and thus improving the resilience and tolerance of the shift worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Kerkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sleep Disorders Center HMC, The Hague, The Netherlands
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97
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Willis GL, Freelance CB. Emerging preclinical interest concerning the role of circadian function in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1678:203-213. [PMID: 28958865 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of circadian function in the aetiology, progression and treatment of Parkinson's disease is a topic of increasing interest to the scientific and clinical community. While clinical studies on this theme are relatively new and limited in number there are many preclinical studies which explore possible circadian involvement in Parkinson's disease and speculate as to the mechanism by which clinical benefit can be derived by manipulating the circadian system. The present review explores the sequelae of circadian related studies from a historical perspective and reveals mechanisms that may be involved in the aetiology and progression of the disease. A systematic review of these studies also sets the stage for understanding the basic neuroscientific approaches which have been applied and provides new direction from which circadian function can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Vic 3444, Australia.
| | - Christopher B Freelance
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Vic 3444, Australia
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98
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Comas M, Gordon CJ, Oliver BG, Stow NW, King G, Sharma P, Ammit AJ, Grunstein RR, Phillips CL. A circadian based inflammatory response – implications for respiratory disease and treatment. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-017-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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99
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Reinberg AE, Smolensky MH, Riedel M, Riedel C, Brousse E, Touitou Y. Do night and around-the-clock firefighters' shift schedules induce deviation in tau from 24 hours of systolic and diastolic blood pressure circadian rhythms? Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1158-1174. [PMID: 28920706 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1343833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) blood pressures (BP) [SBP and DBP] are circadian rhythmic with period (τ) in healthy persons assumed to be maintained at 24.0h. We tested this assumption in a sample of 30 healthy career (mean >12 yrs) 30-to-46 yr-old male Caucasian French firefighters (FFs) categorized into three groups according to work schedule and duties: Group A - 12 FFs working 12h day, 12h night, and occasionally 24h shifts and whose primary duties are firefighting plus paramedical and road rescue services; Group B - 9 FFs working mostly 12h day and 12h night shifts and whose duties are answering incoming emergency calls and coordinating service vehicle dispatch from fire stations with Group A personnel; Group C - 9 day shift (09:00-17:00h) FFs charged with administrative tasks. SBP and DBP, both in winter and in summer studies of the same FFs, were sampled by ambulatory BP monitoring every 1h between 06:00-23:00h and every 2h between 23:01-05:59h, respectively, their approximate off-duty wake and sleep spans, for 7 consecutive days. Activity (wrist actigraphy) was also sampled at 1-min intervals. Prominent τ of each variable was derived by a power spectrum program written for unequal-interval time series data, and between-group differences in incidence of τ≠24h of FFs were assessed by chi square test. Circadian rhythm disruption (τ≠24h) of either the SBP or DBP rhythm occurred almost exclusively in night and 24h shift FFs of Group A and B, but almost never in day shift FFs of Group C, and it was not associated with altered τ from 24.0h of the circadian activity rhythm. In summer, occurrence of τ≠24 for FFs of Group A and B differed from that for FFs of Group C in SBP (p=0.042) and DBP (p=0.015); no such differences were found in winter (p>0.10). Overall, manifestation of prominent τ≠24h of SBP or DBP time series was greater in summer than winter, 27.6% versus 16.7%, when workload of Group B FFs, i.e. number of incoming emergency telephone calls, and of Group A FFs, i.e. number of dispatches for provision of emergency services, was, respectively, two and fourfold greater and number of 12h night shifts worked by Group B FFs and number of 24h shifts worked by Group A FFs was, respectively, 92% and 25% greater. FFs of the three groups exhibited no winter-summer difference in τ≠24h of SBP or SDP; however, τ≠24h of DBP in Group B FFs was more frequent in summer than winter (p=0.046). Sleep/wake cycle disruption, sleep deprivation, emotional and physical stress, artificial light-at-night, and altered nutrient timings are hypothesized causes of τ≠24h for BP rhythms of affected Groups A and B FFs, but with unknown future health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain E Reinberg
- a Unité de Chronobiologie , Fondation A. de Rothschild , Paris cedex , France
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Marc Riedel
- c EA 2114, psychologie des âges de la vie , Université François Rabelais de Tours , France.,d Service Départemental d' Incendie et de Secours des Bouches du Rhône (SDIS 13) , France.,e Psychologie des âges de la vie , Université François Rabelais de Tours , EA , France
| | - Cedric Riedel
- f Faculté de Médecine , Université de Montpellier , France
| | - Eric Brousse
- c EA 2114, psychologie des âges de la vie , Université François Rabelais de Tours , France
| | - Yvan Touitou
- a Unité de Chronobiologie , Fondation A. de Rothschild , Paris cedex , France
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Li H, Fan X, Luo Y, Song S, Liu J, Fan Q. Repeated manganese administration produced abnormal expression of circadian clock genes in the hypothalamus and liver of rats. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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