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Masania J, Faustmann G, Anwar A, Hafner-Giessauf H, Rajpoot N, Grabher J, Rajpoot K, Tiran B, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Roob JM, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Urinary Metabolomic Markers of Protein Glycation, Oxidation, and Nitration in Early-Stage Decline in Metabolic, Vascular, and Renal Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4851323. [PMID: 31827677 PMCID: PMC6885816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4851323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, oxidation, nitration, and crosslinking of proteins are implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Related modified amino acids formed by proteolysis are excreted in urine. We quantified urinary levels of these metabolites and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in healthy subjects and assessed changes in early-stage decline in metabolic, vascular, and renal health and explored their diagnostic utility for a noninvasive health screen. We recruited 200 human subjects with early-stage health decline and healthy controls. Urinary amino acid metabolites were determined by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to optimise and validate algorithms to discriminate between study groups for potential diagnostic utility. Urinary analyte changes were as follows: impaired metabolic health-increased N ε -carboxymethyl-lysine, glucosepane, glutamic semialdehyde, and pyrraline; impaired vascular health-increased glucosepane; and impaired renal health-increased BCAAs and decreased N ε -(γ-glutamyl)lysine. Algorithms combining subject age, BMI, and BCAAs discriminated between healthy controls and impaired metabolic, vascular, and renal health study groups with accuracy of 84%, 72%, and 90%, respectively. In 2-step analysis, algorithms combining subject age, BMI, and urinary N ε -fructosyl-lysine and valine discriminated between healthy controls and impaired health (any type), accuracy of 78%, and then between types of health impairment with accuracy of 69%-78% (cf. random selection 33%). From likelihood ratios, this provided small, moderate, and conclusive evidence of early-stage cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal disease with diagnostic odds ratios of 6 - 7, 26 - 28, and 34 - 79, respectively. We conclude that measurement of urinary glycated, oxidized, crosslinked, and branched-chain amino acids provides the basis for a noninvasive health screen for early-stage health decline in metabolic, vascular, and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinit Masania
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Gernot Faustmann
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center (HNMRC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Hildegard Hafner-Giessauf
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nasir Rajpoot
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Johanna Grabher
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Beate Tiran
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte M. Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center (HNMRC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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52
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Dual oxidase 1 and NADPH oxidase 2 exert favorable effects in cervical cancer patients by activating immune response. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1078. [PMID: 31706280 PMCID: PMC6842485 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only can promote cancer progression, but also they have recently emerged as mediators of the mucosal immune system. However, the roles and clinical relevance of the collective or individual NADPH oxidase (NOX) family genes in cervical cancer have not been studied. METHODS We investigated the clinical significance of the NOX family genes using data from 307 patients with cervical cancer obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Bioinformatics and experimental analyses were performed to examine NOX family genes in cervical cancer patients. RESULTS Dual Oxidase1 (DUOX1) and Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mRNA levels were upregulated 57.9- and 67.5-fold, respectively, in cervical cancer patients. The protein expression of DUOX1, DUOX2, and NOX2 also identified in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Especially, DUOX1 and DUOX2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in patients infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16. Moreover, high DUOX1 mRNA levels were significantly associated with both favorable overall survival and disease-free survival in cervical cancer patients. High NOX2 mRNA levels was significantly associated with favorable overall survival. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that high DUOX1 and NOX2 expression was significantly correlated with the enrichment of immune pathways related to interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and natural killer (NK) cell signaling. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcript analyses indicated that the fraction of innate immune cells, including NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells, was elevated in patients with high DUOX1 expression. CONCLUSIONS DUOX1 and NOX2 expression are associated with mucosal immunity activated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and predicts a favorable prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
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53
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Rocco-Machado N, Cosentino-Gomes D, Nascimento MT, Paes-Vieira L, Khan YA, Mittra B, Andrews NW, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Leishmania amazonensis ferric iron reductase (LFR1) is a bifunctional enzyme: Unveiling a NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:341-353. [PMID: 31446054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis is one of leishmaniasis' causative agents, a disease that has no cure and leads to the appearance of cutaneous lesions. Recently, our group showed that heme activates a Na+/K+ ATPase in these parasites through a signaling cascade involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Heme has a pro-oxidant activity and signaling capacity, but the mechanism by which this molecule increases H2O2 levels in L. amazonensis has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the source of H2O2 stimulated by heme, ruling out the participation of mitochondria and raising the possibility of a role for a NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity. Despite the absence of a classical Nox sequence in trypanosomatid genomes, L. amazonensis expresses a surface ferric iron reductase (LFR1). Interestingly, Nox enzymes are thought to have evolved from ferric iron reductases because they share same core domain and are very similar in structure. The main difference is that Nox catalyses electron flow from NADPH to oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), while ferric iron reductase promotes electron flow to ferric iron, generating ferrous iron. Using L. amazonensis overexpressing or knockout for LFR1 and heterologous expression of LFR1 in mammalian embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, we show that this enzyme is bifunctional, being able to generate both ferrous iron and H2O2. It was previously described that protozoans knockout for LFR1 have their differentiation to virulent forms (amastigote and metacyclic promastigote) impaired. In this work, we observed that LFR1 overexpression stimulates protozoan differentiation to amastigote forms, reinforcing the importance of this enzyme in L. amazonensis life cycle regulation. Thus, we not only identified a new source of ROS production in Leishmania, but also described, for the first time, an enzyme with both ferric iron reductase and Nox activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rocco-Machado
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Cosentino-Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - M T Nascimento
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Paes-Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Y A Khan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - B Mittra
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - N W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J R Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Sándor S, Kubinyi E. Genetic Pathways of Aging and Their Relevance in the Dog as a Natural Model of Human Aging. Front Genet 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31681409 PMCID: PMC6813227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research has experienced a burst of scientific efforts in the last decades as the growing ratio of elderly people has begun to pose an increased burden on the healthcare and pension systems of developed countries. Although many breakthroughs have been reported in understanding the cellular mechanisms of aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to senescence on higher biological levels are still barely understood. The dog, Canis familiaris, has already served as a valuable model of human physiology and disease. The possible role the dog could play in aging research is still an open question, although utilization of dogs may hold great promises as they naturally develop age-related cognitive decline, with behavioral and histological characteristics very similar to those of humans. In this regard, family dogs may possess unmatched potentials as models for investigations on the complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that determine the course of aging. In this review, we summarize the known genetic pathways in aging and their relevance in dogs, putting emphasis on the yet barely described nature of certain aging pathways in canines. Reasons for highlighting the dog as a future aging and gerontology model are also discussed, ranging from its unique evolutionary path shared with humans, its social skills, and the fact that family dogs live together with their owners, and are being exposed to the same environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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55
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NADPH oxidases and oxidase crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:170-194. [PMID: 31591535 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, aortic aneurysm, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Interactions between different oxidases or oxidase systems have been intensively investigated for their roles in inducing sustained oxidative stress. In this Review, we discuss the latest data on the pathobiology of each oxidase component, the complex crosstalk between different oxidase components and the consequences of this crosstalk in mediating cardiovascular disease processes, focusing on the central role of particular NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms that are activated in specific cardiovascular diseases. An improved understanding of these mechanisms might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting these oxidase systems and their interactions, which could be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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56
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Jimenez-Jimenez S, Santana O, Lara-Rojas F, Arthikala MK, Armada E, Hashimoto K, Kuchitsu K, Salgado S, Aguirre J, Quinto C, Cárdenas L. Differential tetraspanin genes expression and subcellular localization during mutualistic interactions in Phaseolus vulgaris. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219765. [PMID: 31437164 PMCID: PMC6705802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia association with plants are two of the most successful plant-microbe associations that allow the assimilation of P and N by plants, respectively. These mutualistic interactions require a molecular dialogue, i.e., legume roots exude flavonoids or strigolactones which induce the Nod factors or Myc factors synthesis and secretion from the rhizobia or fungi, respectively. These Nod or Myc factors trigger several responses in the plant root, including calcium oscillations, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, superoxide and H2O2 have emerged as key components that regulate the transitions from proliferation to differentiation in the plant meristems. Similar to the root meristem, the nodule meristem accumulates superoxide and H2O2. Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins that organize into tetraspanin web regions, where they recruit specific proteins into platforms required for signal transduction, membrane fusion, cell trafficking and ROS generation. Plant tetraspanins are scaffolding proteins associated with root radial patterning, biotic and abiotic stress responses, cell fate determination, and hormonal regulation and recently have been reported as a specific marker of exosomes in animal and plant cells and key players at the site of plant fungal infection. In this study, we conducted transcriptional profiling of the tetraspanin family in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Negro Jamapa) to determine the specific expression patterns and subcellular localization of tetraspanins during nodulation or under mycorrhizal association. Our results demonstrate that the tetraspanins are transcriptionally modulated during the mycorrhizal association, but are also expressed in the infection thread and nodule meristem development. Subcellular localization indicates that tetraspanins have a key role in vesicular trafficking, cell division, and root hair polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Jimenez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Fernando Lara-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Elisabeth Armada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sandra Salgado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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Skouloudaki K, Christodoulou I, Khalili D, Tsarouhas V, Samakovlis C, Tomancak P, Knust E, Papadopoulos DK. Yorkie controls tube length and apical barrier integrity during airway development. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2762-2781. [PMID: 31315941 PMCID: PMC6683733 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skouloudaki et al. identify an alternative role of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki) in controlling water impermeability and tube size of developing Drosophila airways. Tracheal impermeability is triggered by Yki-mediated transcriptional regulation of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (Alas), whereas tube elongation is controlled by binding of Yki to the actin-severing factor Twinstar. Epithelial organ size and shape depend on cell shape changes, cell–matrix communication, and apical membrane growth. The Drosophila melanogaster embryonic tracheal network is an excellent model to study these processes. Here, we show that the transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo pathway, Yorkie (YAP/TAZ in vertebrates), plays distinct roles in the developing Drosophila airways. Yorkie exerts a cytoplasmic function by binding Drosophila Twinstar, the orthologue of the vertebrate actin-severing protein Cofilin, to regulate F-actin levels and apical cell membrane size, which are required for proper tracheal tube elongation. Second, Yorkie controls water tightness of tracheal tubes by transcriptional regulation of the δ-aminolevulinate synthase gene (Alas). We conclude that Yorkie has a dual role in tracheal development to ensure proper tracheal growth and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dilan Khalili
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasilios Tsarouhas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pavel Tomancak
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany .,Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Asano T, Seto Y, Hashimoto K, Kurushima H. Mini-review an insect-specific system for terrestrialization: Laccase-mediated cuticle formation. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 108:61-70. [PMID: 30904465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insects are often regarded as the most successful group of animals in the terrestrial environment. Their success can be represented by their huge biomass and large impact on ecosystems. Among the factors suggested to be responsible for their success, we focus on the possibility that the cuticle might have affected the process of insects' evolution. The cuticle of insects, like that of other arthropods, is composed mainly of chitin and structural cuticle proteins. However, insects seem to have evolved a specific system for cuticle formation. Oxidation reaction of catecholamines catalyzed by a copper enzyme, laccase, is the key step in the metabolic pathway for hardening of the insect cuticle. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that laccase functioning in cuticle sclerotization has evolved only in insects. In this review, we discuss a theory on how the insect-specific "laccase" function has been advantageous for establishing their current ecological position as terrestrial animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunaki Asano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Seto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kosei Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kurushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Kakani P, Kajla M, Choudhury TP, Gupta L, Kumar S. Anopheles stephensi Dual Oxidase Silencing Activates the Thioester-Containing Protein 1 Pathway to Suppress Plasmodium Development. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:496-505. [PMID: 30928970 DOI: 10.1159/000497417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the dual oxidase (Duox) gene in the major Indian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, which regulates the generation of reactive oxygen species. The AsDuox gene encodes for a 1,475-amino-acid transmembrane protein that contains an N-terminal noncytoplasmic heme peroxidase domain, a calcium-binding domain, seven transmembrane domains, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic NADPH domain. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that A. stephensi Duox protein is highly conserved and shares 97-100% amino acid identity with other anopheline Duoxes. AsDuox is expressed in all the developmental stages of A. stephensi and the pupal stages revealed relatively higher expressions. The Duox gene is induced in Plasmodium-infected mosquito midguts, and RNA interference-mediated silencing of this gene suppressed parasite development through activation of the thioester-containing protein 1 pathway. We propose that this highly conserved anopheline Duox, being a Plasmodium agonist, is an excellent target to control malaria parasite development inside the insect host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parik Kakani
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Mithilesh Kajla
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, India.,National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tania Pal Choudhury
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Lalita Gupta
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, India.,Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, India, .,Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, India,
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60
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Zuber R, Shaik KS, Meyer F, Ho HN, Speidel A, Gehring N, Bartoszewski S, Schwarz H, Moussian B. The putative C-type lectin Schlaff ensures epidermal barrier compactness in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5374. [PMID: 30926832 PMCID: PMC6440989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of extracellular matrices is in general ensured by cross-linking of its components. Previously, we had shown that the integrity of the layered Drosophila cuticle relies on the presence of a covalent cuticular dityrosine network. Production and composition of this structure remained unstudied. In this work, we present our analyses of the schlaff (slf) gene coding for a putative C-type lectin that is needed for the adhesion between the horizontal cuticle layers. The Slf protein mainly localizes between the two layers called epicuticle and procuticle that separate from each other when the function of Slf is reduced or eliminated paralleling the phenotype of a cuticle with reduced extracellular dityrosine. Localisation of the dityrosinylated protein Resilin to the epicuticle-procuticle interface suggests that the dityrosine network mediates the adhesion of the epicuticle to the procuticle. Ultimately, compromised Slf function is associated with massive water loss. In summary, we propose that Slf is implied in the stabilisation of a dityrosine layer especially between the epicuticle and the procuticle that in turn constitutes an outward barrier against uncontrolled water flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zuber
- Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217, Dresden, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khaleelulla Saheb Shaik
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Meyer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hsin-Nin Ho
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Speidel
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Gehring
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Slawomir Bartoszewski
- Rzeszow University, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, ul. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Heinz Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Microscopy Unit, Spemannstr. 35, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Moussian
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice CEDEX 2, France.
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Sirokmány G, Geiszt M. The Relationship of NADPH Oxidases and Heme Peroxidases: Fallin' in and Out. Front Immunol 2019; 10:394. [PMID: 30891045 PMCID: PMC6411640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidase enzymes can oxidize a multitude of substrates in diverse biological processes. According to the latest phylogenetic analysis, there are four major heme peroxidase superfamilies. In this review, we focus on certain members of the cyclooxygenase-peroxidase superfamily (also labeled as animal heme peroxidases) and their connection to specific NADPH oxidase enzymes which provide H2O2 for the one- and two-electron oxidation of various peroxidase substrates. The family of NADPH oxidases is a group of enzymes dedicated to the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. There is a handful of known and important physiological functions where one of the seven known human NADPH oxidases plays an essential role. In most of these functions NADPH oxidases provide H2O2 for specific heme peroxidases and the concerted action of the two enzymes is indispensable for the accomplishment of the biological function. We discuss human and other metazoan examples of such cooperation between oxidases and peroxidases and analyze the biological importance of their functional interaction. We also review those oxidases and peroxidases where this kind of partnership has not been identified yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Sirokmány
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,"Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,"Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Pharmacological strategies to lower crosstalk between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondria. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1478-1498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Rhizobium induces DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3784-3792. [PMID: 30808764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815656116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In their natural habitat of rotting fruit, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on the complex bacterial communities that thrive in this rich growth medium. Hundreds of diverse bacterial strains cultured from such rotting fruit allow C. elegans growth and reproduction when tested individually. In screens for C. elegans responses to single bacterial strains associated with nematodes in fruit, we found that Rhizobium causes a genome instability phenotype; we observed abnormally long or fragmented intestinal nuclei due to aberrant nuclear division, or defective karyokinesis. The karyokinesis defects were restricted to intestinal cells and required close proximity between bacteria and the worm. A genetic screen for C. elegans mutations that cause the same intestinal karyokinesis defect followed by genome sequencing of the isolated mutant strains identified mutations that disrupt DNA damage repair pathways, suggesting that Rhizobium may cause DNA damage in C. elegans intestinal cells. We hypothesized that such DNA damage is caused by reactive oxygen species produced by Rhizobium and found that hydrogen peroxide added to benign Escherichia coli can cause the same intestinal karyokinesis defects in WT C. elegans Supporting this model, free radical scavengers suppressed the Rhizobium-induced C. elegans DNA damage. Thus, Rhizobium may signal to eukaryotic hosts via reactive oxygen species, and the host may respond with DNA damage repair pathways.
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Liu Y, Kaval KG, van Hoof A, Garsin DA. Heme peroxidase HPX-2 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from pathogens. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007944. [PMID: 30695063 PMCID: PMC6368334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme-containing peroxidases are important components of innate immunity. Many of them functionally associate with NADPH oxidase (NOX)/dual oxidase (DUOX) enzymes by using the hydrogen peroxide they generate in downstream reactions. Caenorhabditis elegans encodes for several heme peroxidases, and in a previous study we identified the ShkT-containing peroxidase, SKPO-1, as necessary for pathogen resistance. Here, we demonstrated that another peroxidase, HPX-2 (Heme-PeroXidase 2), is required for resistance against some, but not all pathogens. Tissue specific RNA interference (RNAi) revealed that HPX-2 functionally localizes to the hypodermis of the worm. In congruence with this observation, hpx-2 mutant animals possessed a weaker cuticle structure, indicated by higher permeability to a DNA dye, but exhibited no obvious morphological defects. In addition, fluorescent labeling of HPX-2 revealed its expression in the pharynx, an organ in which BLI-3 is also present. Interestingly, loss of HPX-2 increased intestinal colonization of E. faecalis, suggesting its role in the pharynx may limit intestinal colonization. Moreover, disruption of a catalytic residue in the peroxidase domain of HPX-2 resulted in decreased survival on E. faecalis, indicating its peroxidase activity is required for pathogen resistance. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of an hpx-2 mutant revealed changes in genes encoding for cuticle structural components under the non-pathogenic conditions. Under pathogenic conditions, genes involved in infection response were differentially regulated to a greater degree, likely due to increased microbial burden. In conclusion, the characterization of the heme-peroxidase, HPX-2, revealed that it contributes to C. elegans pathogen resistance through a role in generating cuticle material in the hypodermis and pharynx. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the host tissues is one of the first lines of defense when microbial infection occurs. ROS has been shown to be involved in multiple protective pathways in innate immunity. However, given the complexity of mammalian systems, the exact manner in which ROS are used for host defense remains incompletely understood. In this study, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a simplified model system to decipher the protective functions of ROS in innate immunity. We describe a peroxidase, HPX-2, that protects C. elegans from multiple infectious microbes by strengthening barrier tissue. This finding brings insight into the mechanisms by which peroxidases utilizes ROS to contribute to innate immunity. With infectious diseases being one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world, understanding ROS production and its function in pathogen resistance will provide us with important information in developing new therapies against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Karan Gautam Kaval
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Ambro van Hoof
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Danielle A. Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX, United States of America
- The UT Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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66
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Jeong J, Song T, Chatterjee N, Choi I, Cha YK, Choi J. Developing adverse outcome pathways on silver nanoparticle-induced reproductive toxicity via oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using a Bayesian network model. Nanotoxicology 2019; 12:1182-1197. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1529835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taejun Song
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Cha
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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67
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Karakuzu O, Cruz MR, Liu Y, Garsin DA. Amplex Red Assay for Measuring Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Caenorhabditis elegans. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3409. [PMID: 32699812 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reagents such as Amplex® Red have been developed for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and are used to measure the release of H2O2 from biological samples such as mammalian leukocytes undergoing the oxidative burst. Caenorhabditis elegans is commonly used as a model host in the study of interactions with microbial pathogens and releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a component of its defense response. We adapted the Amplex® Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit to measure H2O2 output from live Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to microbial pathogens. The assay differs from other forms of ROS detection in the worm, like dihydrofluorescein dyes and genetically encoded probes such as HyPer, in that it generally detects released, extracellular ROS rather than intracellular ROS, though the distinction between the two is blurred by the fact that certain species of ROS, including H2O2, can cross membranes. The protocol involves feeding C. elegans on a lawn of the pathogen of interest for a period of time. The animals are then rinsed off the plates in buffer and washed to remove any microbes on their cuticle. Finally, the animals in buffer are distributed into 96-well plates and Amplex® Red and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are added. Any H2O2 released into the buffer by the worms will react with the Amplex® Red reagent in a 1:1 ratio in the presence of HRP to produce the red fluorescent excitation product resorufin that can be measured fluorometrically or spectrophotometrically, and the amount of H2O2 released can be calculated by comparison to a standard curve. The assay is most appropriate for studies focused on released ROS, and its advantages include ease of use, the ability to use small numbers of animals in a plate reader assay in which measurements can be taken either fluorometrically or spectrophotometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Karakuzu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Melissa R Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX, USA
| | - Danielle A Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX, USA
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Jimenez-Jimenez S, Hashimoto K, Santana O, Aguirre J, Kuchitsu K, Cárdenas L. Emerging roles of tetraspanins in plant inter-cellular and inter-kingdom communication. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1581559. [PMID: 30829110 PMCID: PMC6512927 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1581559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inter-cellular and inter-kingdom signaling systems of various levels of complexity regulate pathogenic and mutualistic interactions between bacteria, parasites, and fungi and animal and plant hosts. Inter-kingdom interactions between mutualistic bacteria such as rhizobia and legumes during nodulation and between fungi and plants during mycorrhizal associations, are characterized by the extensive exchange of molecular signals, which allow nitrogen and phosphate assimilation, respectively. A novel aspect of this signaling exchange is the existence of specific structures, the exosomes, that carry important molecules that shape the plant-pathogen interactions. Exosomes contain a wide array of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNAs, that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication in animal and plant cells by affecting gene expression and other physiological activity in distant cells within the same organism (e.g., during cancer metastases and neuron injuries). In plant cells, it has been recently reported that exosomes go beyond organism boundaries and inhibit a pathogenic interaction in plants. Plant produce and send exosomes loaded with specific small miRNA which inhibit the pathogen infection, but the pathogen can also produce exosomes carrying pro-pathogenic proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, exosomes are the important bridge regulating the signal exchange. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which carries selected cargos from the cytoplasm (protein, lipids, and microRNAs) and under certain circumstances, they fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the small vesicles as cargo-carrying exosomes into the extracellular space during intercellular and inter-kingdom communication. Animal and plant proteomic studies have demonstrated that tetraspanin proteins are an integral part of exosome membranes, positioning tetraspanins as essential components for endosome organization, with key roles in membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and membrane recognition. We discuss the similarities and differences between animal tetraspanins and plant tetraspanins formed during plant-microbe interactions and their potential role in mutualistic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Jimenez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
- CONTACT Luis Cárdenas Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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Rashid MI, Ali A, Andleeb S. Functional Annotation and Analysis of Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1): a Potential Anti-pyocyanin Immune Component. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 11:597-610. [PMID: 30483939 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a prominent immune system component primarily expressed in esophagus, lungs, skin, and urinary bladder including others. DUOX1 is involved in lactoperoxidase-mediated innate immunity at mucosal surfaces by generation of antimicrobial hypothiocyanite at the apical surface of epithelial lining. Upon detection of bacterial pathogens mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DUOX1 is activated in bronchial epithelial cells. Both the host and pathogen enter a redox dual with DUOX1 and hypothiocyanite from host and Pyocyanin (PCN) as a redox active virulence factor from P. aeruginosa. The synergy of the both enzymes permanently oxidizes PCN and thus holds the potential to prevent PCN-induced virulence, which otherwise paves the way for establishment of persistent chronic infection. In this study, we structurally and functionally annotated the DUOX1, predicted its 3d structure, physio-chemical properties, post-translational modifications, and genetic polymorphism analysis with subsequent disease-associated single-nucleotide variations and their impact on DUOX1 functionality by employing in silico approaches. DUOX1 holds greater homology with gorilla and chimpanzee than other primates. The localization signal peptide was present at the beginning of the peptide with cleavage site at 22 aa position. Three distinct functional domains were observed based on homology: An_peroxidase, FRQ1, and oxido-reductase domains. Polymorphism analysis revealed > 60 SNPs associated with different cancers with probable damaging effects. No cancer-associated methylated island was observed for DUOX1. Three-dimensional structure was developed via homology modeling strategy. The proper annotation will help in characterization of DUOX1 and enhance our knowledge of its functionality and biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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WDR-23 and SKN-1/Nrf2 Coordinate with the BLI-3 Dual Oxidase in Response to Iodide-Triggered Oxidative Stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3515-3527. [PMID: 30166349 PMCID: PMC6222583 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate oxidative stress. The C. elegans SKN-1 protein is homologous to the vertebrate Nrf (NF-E2-related factor) family of cap 'n' collar (CnC) transcription factors and functions as a core regulator of xenobiotic and oxidative stress responses. The WD40 repeat-containing protein WDR-23 is a key negative regulator of SKN-1 activity. We previously found that the oxidative stress induced by excess iodide can be relieved by loss of function in the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex. To further understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we screened for new mutants that can survive in excess iodide and identified gain-of-function mutations in skn-1 and loss-of-function mutations in wdr-23 The SKN-1C isoform functions in the hypodermis to affect animal's response to excess iodide, while the SKN-1A isoform appears to play a minor role. wdr-23(lf) can interact with bli-3 mutations in a manner different from skn-1(gf) Transcriptome studies suggest that excess iodide causes developmental arrest largely independent of changes in gene expression, and wdr-23(lf) could affect the expression of a subset of genes by a mechanism different from SKN-1 activation. We propose that WDR-23 and SKN-1 coordinate with the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex in response to iodide-triggered oxidative stress.
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Redox Signaling of NADPH Oxidases Regulates Oxidative Stress Responses, Immunity and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100130. [PMID: 30274229 PMCID: PMC6210377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that transient or physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases act as a redox signal to re-establish homeostasis. The capacity to re-establish homeostasis progressively declines during aging but is maintained in long-lived animals to promote healthy aging. In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, ROS generated by dual oxidases (Duox) are important for extracellular matrix integrity, pathogen defense, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. The Duox enzymatic activity is tightly regulated and under cellular control. Developmental molting cycles, pathogen infections, toxins, mitochondrial-derived ROS, drugs, and small GTPases (e.g., RHO-1) can activate Duox (BLI-3) to generate ROS, whereas NADPH oxidase inhibitors and negative regulators, such as MEMO-1, can inhibit Duox from generating ROS. Three mechanisms-of-action have been discovered for the Duox/BLI-3-generated ROS: (1) enzymatic activity to catalyze crosslinking of free tyrosine ethyl ester in collagen bundles to stabilize extracellular matrices, (2) high ROS bursts/levels to kill pathogens, and (3) redox signaling activating downstream kinase cascades to transcription factors orchestrating oxidative stress and immunity responses to re-establish homeostasis. Although Duox function at the cell surface is well established, recent genetic and biochemical data also suggests a novel role for Duoxs at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to control redox signaling. Evidence underlying these mechanisms initiated by ROS from NADPH oxidases, and their relevance for human aging, are discussed in this review. Appropriately controlling NADPH oxidase activity for local and physiological redox signaling to maintain cellular homeostasis might be a therapeutic strategy to promote healthy aging.
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72
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Wang W, Chen D, Zhang X, Liu D, Cheng Y, Shen F. Role of plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs in stress responses. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:826-839. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1473572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fafu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, PR China
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Legrand C, Ahmed U, Anwar A, Rajpoot K, Pasha S, Lambert C, Davidson RK, Clark IM, Thornalley PJ, Henrotin Y, Rabbani N. Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivo. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:131. [PMID: 29929535 PMCID: PMC6013878 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes of serum concentrations of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids and hydroxyproline and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status combined by machine learning techniques in algorithms have recently been found to provide improved diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis of the knee, including osteoarthritis (OA), in patients. The association of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids released from the joint with development and progression of knee OA is unknown. We studied this in an OA animal model as well as interleukin-1β-activated human chondrocytes in vitro and translated key findings to patients with OA. Methods Sixty male 3-week-old Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were studied. Separate groups of 12 animals were killed at age 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks, and histological severity of knee OA was evaluated, and cartilage rheological properties were assessed. Human chondrocytes cultured in multilayers were treated for 10 days with interleukin-1β. Human patients with early and advanced OA and healthy controls were recruited, blood samples were collected, and serum or plasma was prepared. Serum, plasma, and culture medium were analyzed for glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids. Results Severity of OA increased progressively in guinea pigs with age. Glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids were increased markedly at week 36, with glucosepane and dityrosine increasing progressively from weeks 20 and 28, respectively. Glucosepane correlated positively with OA histological severity (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and instantaneous modulus (r = 0.52–0.56; p < 0.0001), oxidation free adducts correlated positively with OA severity (p < 0.0009–0.0062), and hydroxyproline correlated positively with cartilage thickness (p < 0.0003–0.003). Interleukin-1β increased the release of glycated and nitrated amino acids from chondrocytes in vitro. In clinical translation, plasma glucosepane was increased 38% in early-stage OA (p < 0.05) and sixfold in patients with advanced OA (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Conclusions These studies further advance the prospective role of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids as serum biomarkers in diagnostic algorithms for early-stage detection of OA and other arthritic disease. Plasma glucosepane, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, may improve early-stage diagnosis and progression of clinical OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Legrand
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sabah Pasha
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Cécile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rose K Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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74
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Antimicrobial actions of dual oxidases and lactoperoxidase. J Microbiol 2018; 56:373-386. [PMID: 29858825 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NOX/DUOX family of NADPH oxidases are transmembrane proteins generating reactive oxygen species as their primary enzymatic products. NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1-5 and Dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 and 2 are members of this family. These enzymes have several biological functions including immune defense, hormone biosynthesis, fertilization, cell proliferation and differentiation, extracellular matrix formation and vascular regulation. They are found in a variety of tissues such as the airways, salivary glands, colon, thyroid gland and lymphoid organs. The discovery of NADPH oxidases has drastically transformed our view of the biology of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Roles of several isoforms including DUOX1 and DUOX2 in host innate immune defense have been implicated and are still being uncovered. DUOX enzymes highly expressed in the respiratory and salivary gland epithelium have been proposed as the major sources of hydrogen peroxide supporting mucosal oxidative antimicrobial defenses. In this review, we shortly present data on DUOX discovery, structure and function, and provide a detailed, up-to-date summary of discoveries regarding antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic functions of DUOX enzymes. We also present all the literature describing the immune functions of lactoperoxidase, an enzyme working in partnership with DUOX to produce antimicrobial substances.
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75
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Kitsou C, Pal U. Ixodes Immune Responses Against Lyme Disease Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:176. [PMID: 29896452 PMCID: PMC5986905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ixodes scapularis and other related tick species are considered prolific vectors for a number of important human diseases, many aspects of their biology, microbial interactions, and immunity are largely unknown; in particular, how these ancient vectors recognize invading pathogens like Borrelia burgdorferi and influence their persistence. The analysis of the Ixodes genome and a limited set of transcriptomic data have established that ticks encode many components of classical immune pathways; yet at the same time, they lack many key orthologs of these recognition networks. Therefore, whether a given immune pathway is active in Ixodes ticks and how precisely they exert its microbicidal functions are only incompletely delineated. A few recent studies have suggested that classical pathways like the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) as well as immunodeficiency (IMD) pathways are fully functional in I. scapularis, and upon challenge with microbes, generate potent microbicidal responses against diverse tick-borne pathogens including B. burgdorferi. These studies also highlight novel concepts of vector immunity that include both a direct and an indirect mode of recognition of pathogens, as well as the influence of the gut microbiome, which ultimately dictates the outcome of a robust microbicidal response. Further understanding of how Ixodes ticks recognize and suppress invading microbes like B. burgdorferi will enrich our fundamental knowledge of vector immunobiology, thereby contributing to the development of future interventions to better control the tick-borne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Kitsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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76
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Parthasarathy A, Cross PJ, Dobson RCJ, Adams LE, Savka MA, Hudson AO. A Three-Ring Circus: Metabolism of the Three Proteogenic Aromatic Amino Acids and Their Role in the Health of Plants and Animals. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 29682508 PMCID: PMC5897657 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are the three aromatic amino acids (AAA) involved in protein synthesis. These amino acids and their metabolism are linked to the synthesis of a variety of secondary metabolites, a subset of which are involved in numerous anabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis of pigment compounds, plant hormones and biological polymers, to name a few. In addition, these metabolites derived from the AAA pathways mediate the transmission of nervous signals, quench reactive oxygen species in the brain, and are involved in the vast palette of animal coloration among others pathways. The AAA and metabolites derived from them also have integral roles in the health of both plants and animals. This review delineates the de novo biosynthesis of the AAA by microbes and plants, and the branching out of AAA metabolism into major secondary metabolic pathways in plants such as the phenylpropanoid pathway. Organisms that do not possess the enzymatic machinery for the de novo synthesis of AAA must obtain these primary metabolites from their diet. Therefore, the metabolism of AAA by the host animal and the resident microflora are important for the health of all animals. In addition, the AAA metabolite-mediated host-pathogen interactions in general, as well as potential beneficial and harmful AAA-derived compounds produced by gut bacteria are discussed. Apart from the AAA biosynthetic pathways in plants and microbes such as the shikimate pathway and the tryptophan pathway, this review also deals with AAA catabolism in plants, AAA degradation via the monoamine and kynurenine pathways in animals, and AAA catabolism via the 3-aryllactate and kynurenine pathways in animal-associated microbes. Emphasis will be placed on structural and functional aspects of several key AAA-related enzymes, such as shikimate synthase, chorismate mutase, anthranilate synthase, tryptophan synthase, tyrosine aminotransferase, dopachrome tautomerase, radical dehydratase, and type III CoA-transferase. The past development and current potential for interventions including the development of herbicides and antibiotics that target key enzymes in AAA-related pathways, as well as AAA-linked secondary metabolism leading to antimicrobials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Penelope J. Cross
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily E. Adams
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael A. Savka
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - André O. Hudson
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
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77
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van der Vliet A, Danyal K, Heppner DE. Dual oxidase: a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1401-1418. [PMID: 29405261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent a family of enzymes that mediate regulated cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play various functional roles in physiology. Among the NOX family, the dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are prominently expressed in epithelial cell types at mucosal surfaces and have therefore been considered to have important roles in innate host defence pathways. Recent studies have revealed important insights into the host defence mechanisms of DUOX enzymes, which control innate immune response pathways in response to either microbial or allergic triggers. In this review, we discuss the current level of understanding with respect to the biological role(s) of DUOX enzymes and the unique role of DUOX1 in mediating innate immune responses to epithelial injury and allergens and in the development of allergic disease. These novel findings highlight DUOX1 as an attractive therapeutic target, and opportunities for the development of selective inhibitor strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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78
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Page SJ, Rivera MM, Kleiner DE, Zhao X, Auh S, Remmers EF, Heller T. Three variants in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex are associated with HCV-related liver damage. Hepatol Commun 2018; 1:973-982. [PMID: 29404504 PMCID: PMC5721460 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a potentially lethal pathogen. HCV generates oxidative stress correlating with disease severity. HCV proteins increase reactive oxygen species production by stimulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity. Reactive oxygen species are necessary for host defense and cell signaling; however, elevated NOX activity contributes to cancer, and NOX overexpression is associated with hepatic fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NOX family members are associated with HCV-related liver damage. Three hundred and thirty-one individuals of European ancestry and 90 individuals of African ancestry, all diagnosed with HCV, were genotyped for 243 tagSNPs in NOX enzymes and their regulatory factors. Pathology scores were available for 288 Caucasians and 71 Africans, and mortality status was determined for all subjects. SNPs were tested for association with pathology scores and as predictors of mortality. In Africans, homozygosity for the A allele of rs12753665 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 2) and homozygosity for the T allele of rs760519 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 4) were associated with and predictive of higher rates of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis compared to other genotypes after controlling for age and sex. In Caucasians, homozygosity for the T allele of rs2292464 (dual oxidase 1) was associated with and predictive of decreased periportal inflammation after controlling for age and sex. No SNPs were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, three NOX-related polymorphisms in two ethnic groups were significantly associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Future studies investigating these SNPs in larger cohorts of patients with HCV are warranted. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:973-982).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Page
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Maria M Rivera
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Xiongce Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Rockville MD
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- Office of Clinical Director, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
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79
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Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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80
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HOCl and the control of oncogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 179:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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81
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NADPH Oxidase Deficiency: A Multisystem Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4590127. [PMID: 29430280 PMCID: PMC5753020 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4590127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a complex system able to recognize a wide variety of host agents, through different biological processes. For example, controlled changes in the redox state are able to start different pathways in immune cells and are involved in the killing of microbes. The generation and release of ROS in the form of an “oxidative burst” represent the pivotal mechanism by which phagocytic cells are able to destroy pathogens. On the other hand, impaired oxidative balance is also implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory complications, which may affect the function of many body systems. NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a pivotal role in the production of ROS, and the defect of its different subunits leads to the development of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The defect of the different NOX subunits in CGD affects different organs. In this context, this review will be focused on the description of the effect of NOX2 deficiency in different body systems. Moreover, we will also focus our attention on the novel insight in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and inflammation-related manifestations and on the protective role of NOX2 deficiency against the development of atherosclerosis.
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82
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Belarbi K, Cuvelier E, Destée A, Gressier B, Chartier-Harlin MC. NADPH oxidases in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:84. [PMID: 29132391 PMCID: PMC5683583 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement neurodegenerative disease associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Oxidative stress, a condition that occurs due to imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, is thought to play an important role in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are multi-subunit enzymatic complexes that generate reactive oxygen species as their primary function. Increased immunoreactivities for the NADPH oxidases catalytic subunits Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 have been reported in the brain of PD patients. Furthermore, knockout or genetic inactivation of NADPH oxidases exert a neuroprotective effect and reduce detrimental aspects of pathology in experimental models of the disease. However, the connections between NADPH oxidases and the biological processes believed to contribute to neuronal death are not well known. This review provides a comprehensive summary of our current understanding about expression and physiological function of NADPH oxidases in neurons, microglia and astrocytes and their pathophysiological roles in PD. It summarizes the findings supporting the role of both microglial and neuronal NADPH oxidases in cellular disturbances associated with PD such as neuroinflammation, alpha-synuclein accumulation, mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction or disruption of the autophagy-lysosome system. Furthermore, this review highlights different steps that are essential for NADPH oxidases enzymatic activity and pinpoints major obstacles to overcome for the development of effective NADPH oxidases inhibitors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Belarbi
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Cuvelier
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Destée
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Gressier
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Inserm UMR S-1172 Team "Early stages of Parkinson's Disease", 1 Place de Verdun, 59006, Lille, France.
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83
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Abstract
Transmembrane NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes have been so far only characterized in eukaryotes. In most of these organisms, they reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and, depending on the presence of additional domains, are called NOX or dual oxidases (DUOX). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, have been traditionally considered accidental toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism. However, during the last decade it has become evident that both O2•− and H2O2 are key players in complex signaling networks and defense. A well-studied example is the production of O2•− during the bactericidal respiratory burst of phagocytes; this production is catalyzed by NOX2. Here, we devised and applied a novel algorithm to search for additional NOX genes in genomic databases. This procedure allowed us to discover approximately 23% new sequences from bacteria (in relation to the number of NOX-related sequences identified by the authors) that we have added to the existing eukaryotic NOX family and have used to build an expanded phylogenetic tree. We cloned and overexpressed the identified nox gene from Streptococcus pneumoniae and confirmed that it codes for an NADPH oxidase. The membrane of the S. pneumoniae NOX protein (SpNOX) shares many properties with its eukaryotic counterparts, such as affinity for NADPH and flavin adenine dinucleotide, superoxide dismutase and diphenylene iodonium inhibition, cyanide resistance, oxygen consumption, and superoxide production. Traditionally, NOX enzymes in eukaryotes are related to functions linked to multicellularity. Thus, the discovery of a large family of NOX-related enzymes in the bacterial world brings up fascinating questions regarding their role in this new biological context. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes have not yet been reported in bacteria. Here, we carried out computational and experimental studies to provide the first characterization of a prokaryotic NOX. Out of 996 prokaryotic proteins showing NOX signatures, we initially selected, cloned, and overexpressed four of them. Subsequently, and based on preliminary testing, we concentrated our efforts on Streptococcus SpNOX, which shares many biochemical characteristics with NOX2, the referent model of NOX enzymes. Our work makes possible, for the first time, the study of pure forms of this important family of enzymes, allowing for biophysical and molecular characterization in an unprecedented way. Similar advances regarding other membrane protein families have led to new structures, further mechanistic studies, and the improvement of inhibitors. In addition, biological functions of these newly described bacterial enzymes will be certainly discovered in the near future.
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84
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Kizys MML, Louzada RA, Mitne-Neto M, Jara JR, Furuzawa GK, de Carvalho DP, Dias-da-Silva MR, Nesi-França S, Dupuy C, Maciel RMB. DUOX2 Mutations Are Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism With Ectopic Thyroid Gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4060-4071. [PMID: 28666341 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is the leading cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). The etiology of TD remains unknown in ∼90% of cases, the most common form being thyroid ectopia (TE) (48% to 61%). OBJECTIVE To search for candidate genes in hypothyroid children with TE. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We followed a cohort of 268 children with TD and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in three children with CH with TE (CHTE) and compared them with 18 thyroid-healthy controls. We then screened an additional 41 children with CHTE by Sanger sequencing and correlated the WES and Sanger molecular findings with in vitro functional analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genotyping, mutation prediction analysis, and in vitro functional analysis. RESULTS We identified seven variants in the DUOX2 gene, namely G201E, L264CfsX57, P609S, M650T, E810X, M822V, and E1017G, and eight known variations. All children carrying DUOX2 variations had high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels at neonatal diagnosis. All mutations were localized in the N-terminal segment, and three of them led to effects on cell surface targeting and reactive oxygen species generation. The DUOX2 mutants also altered the interaction with the maturation factor DUOXA2 and the formation of a stable DUOX2/DUOXA2 complex at the cell surface, thereby impairing functional enzymatic activity. We observed no mutations in the classic genes related to TD or in the DUOX1 gene. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormonogenesis, the DUOX2 N-terminal domain may play a role in thyroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M L Kizys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- UMR 8200 CNRS, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Miguel Mitne-Neto
- Fleury Group, São Paulo 04344-070, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Jara
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80060-240, Brazil
| | - Gilberto K Furuzawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Denise P de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Magnus R Dias-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Suzana Nesi-França
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80060-240, Brazil
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- UMR 8200 CNRS, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Fleury Group, São Paulo 04344-070, Brazil
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85
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André-Lévigne D, Modarressi A, Pepper MS, Pittet-Cuénod B. Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102149. [PMID: 29036938 PMCID: PMC5666831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of oxygen in cell physiology has evolved from its long-recognized importance as an essential factor in oxidative metabolism to its recognition as an important player in cell signaling. With regard to the latter, oxygen is needed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which regulate a number of different cellular functions including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and contraction. Data specifically concerning the role of ROS-dependent signaling in cutaneous wound repair are very limited, especially regarding wound contraction. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature on the role of molecular and reactive oxygen in the physiology of wound repair as well as in the pathophysiology and therapy of chronic wounds, especially under ischemic and hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik André-Lévigne
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Human Genetics and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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86
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Lin SC, Chang IW, Hsieh PL, Lin CY, Sun DP, Sheu MJ, Yang CC, Lin LC, He HL, Tian YF. High Immunoreactivity of DUOX2 Is Associated With Poor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy and Worse Prognosis in Rectal Cancers. J Cancer 2017; 8:2756-2764. [PMID: 28928864 PMCID: PMC5604207 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and also the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. For rectal cancer, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by radical proctectomy is gold standard treatment for patients with stage II/III rectal cancer. By data mining a documented database of rectal cancer transcriptome (GSE35452) from Gene Expression Omnibus, National Center of Biotechnology Information, we recognized that DUOX2 was the most significantly up-regulated transcript among those related to cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221). Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the DUOX2 expression level and its clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance in patients of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: DUOX2 immunostain was performed in 172 rectal adenocarcinomas treated with preoperative CCRT followed by radical proctectomy, which were divided into high- and low-expression subgroups. Furthermore, statistical analyses were examined to correlate the relationship between DUOX2 immunoreactivity and important clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as three survival indices: disease-specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS). Results: DUOX2 overexpression was linked to post-CCRT tumor advancement, pre- and post-CCRT nodal metastasis and poor response to CCRT (all P ≤ 0.021). Furthermore, DUOX2 high expression was significantly associated with inferior DSS, LRFS and MeFS in univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.0097) and also served as an independent prognosticator indicating shorter DSS and LRFS interval in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.413, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.349-8.633; HR = 4.533, 95% CI: 1.499-13.708, respectively). Conclusion: DUOX2 may play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and response to neoadjuvant CCRT in rectal cancers, and serve as a novel prognostic biomarker. Additional researches to clarify the molecular and biochemical pathways are essential for developing promising DUOX2-targeted therapies for patients with rectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Lin
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Medical Image, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health & Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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87
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Sasakura H, Moribe H, Nakano M, Ikemoto K, Takeuchi K, Mori I. Lifespan extension by peroxidase and dual oxidase-mediated ROS signaling through pyrroloquinoline quinone in C. elegans. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2631-2643. [PMID: 28676501 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally characterized based on their harmful effects on cells or organisms, are now recognized as important signal molecules regulating various biological processes. In particular, low levels of ROS released from mitochondria extend lifespan. Here, we identified a novel mechanism of generating appropriate levels of ROS at the plasma membrane through a peroxidase and dual oxidase (DUOX) system, which could extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans A redox co-factor, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), activates the C. elegans DUOX protein BLI-3 to produce the ROS H2O2 at the plasma membrane, which is subsequently degraded by peroxidase (MLT-7), eventually ensuring adequate levels of ROS. These ROS signals are transduced mainly by the oxidative stress transcriptional factors SKN-1 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2 in mammals) and JUN-1, and partially by DAF-16 (a FOXO protein homolog). Cell biology experiments demonstrated a similarity between the mechanisms of PQQ-induced activation of human DUOX1 and DUOX2 and that of C. elegans BLI-3, suggesting that DUOXs are potential targets of intervention for lifespan extension. We propose that low levels of ROS, fine-tuned by the peroxidase and dual oxidase system at the plasma membrane, act as second messengers to extend lifespan by the effect of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasakura
- Neuroscience Institute and Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Moribe
- Department of Biology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakano
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Niigata 950-3112, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ikemoto
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Niigata 950-3112, Japan
| | - Kosei Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Biology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Neuroscience Institute and Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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88
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Lažetić V, Fay DS. Molting in C. elegans. WORM 2017; 6:e1330246. [PMID: 28702275 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2017.1330246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molting is an essential developmental process for the majority of animal species on Earth. During the molting process, which is a specialized form of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, the old apical ECM, or cuticle, is replaced with a new one. Many of the genes and pathways identified as important for molting in nematodes are highly conserved in vertebrates and include regulators and components of vesicular trafficking, steroid-hormone signaling, developmental timers, and hedgehog-like signaling. In this review, we discuss what is known about molting, with a focus on studies in Caenorhabditis elegans. We also describe the key structural elements of the cuticle that must be released, newly synthesized, or remodeled for proper molting to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lažetić
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - David S Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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89
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Wible RS, Sutter TR. Soft Cysteine Signaling Network: The Functional Significance of Cysteine in Protein Function and the Soft Acids/Bases Thiol Chemistry That Facilitates Cysteine Modification. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:729-762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Wible
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic
Research, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3370, United States
| | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic
Research, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3370, United States
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90
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Baxter RHG, Contet A, Krueger K. Arthropod Innate Immune Systems and Vector-Borne Diseases. Biochemistry 2017; 56:907-918. [PMID: 28072517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods, especially ticks and mosquitoes, are the vectors for a number of parasitic and viral human diseases, including malaria, sleeping sickness, Dengue, and Zika, yet arthropods show tremendous individual variation in their capacity to transmit disease. A key factor in this capacity is the group of genetically encoded immune factors that counteract infection by the pathogen. Arthropod-specific pattern recognition receptors and protease cascades detect and respond to infection. Proteins such as antimicrobial peptides, thioester-containing proteins, and transglutaminases effect responses such as lysis, phagocytosis, melanization, and agglutination. Effector responses are initiated by damage signals such as reactive oxygen species signaling from epithelial cells and recognized by cell surface receptors on hemocytes. Antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by siRNA pathways but coupled with interferon-like signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and thioester-containing proteins. Molecular mechanisms of immunity are closely linked to related traits of longevity and fertility, and arthropods have the capacity for innate immunological memory. Advances in understanding vector immunity can be leveraged to develop novel control strategies for reducing the rate of transmission of both ancient and emerging threats to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H G Baxter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Alicia Contet
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kathryn Krueger
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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91
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Ewald CY, Hourihan JM, Bland MS, Obieglo C, Katic I, Moronetti Mazzeo LE, Alcedo J, Blackwell TK, Hynes NE. NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling promotes oxidative stress resistance and longevity through memo-1 in C. elegans. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28085666 PMCID: PMC5235354 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient increases in mitochondrially-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate an adaptive stress response to promote longevity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases produce ROS locally in response to various stimuli, and thereby regulate many cellular processes, but their role in aging remains unexplored. Here, we identified the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility, MEMO-1, as a protein that inhibits BLI-3/NADPH oxidase. MEMO-1 is complexed with RHO-1/RhoA/GTPase and loss of memo-1 results in an enhanced interaction of RHO-1 with BLI-3/NADPH oxidase, thereby stimulating ROS production that signal via p38 MAP kinase to the transcription factor SKN-1/NRF1,2,3 to promote stress resistance and longevity. Either loss of memo-1 or increasing BLI-3/NADPH oxidase activity by overexpression is sufficient to increase lifespan. Together, these findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase-induced redox signaling initiates a transcriptional response that protects the cell and organism, and can promote both stress resistance and longevity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19493.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Yvès Ewald
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - John M Hourihan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Monet S Bland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Carolin Obieglo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Iskra Katic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza E Moronetti Mazzeo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Joy Alcedo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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92
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Bailey D, Basar MA, Nag S, Bondhu N, Teng S, Duttaroy A. The essential requirement of an animal heme peroxidase protein during the wing maturation process in Drosophila. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28077066 PMCID: PMC5225594 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Thus far, a handful of genes have been shown to be related to the wing maturation process in insects. A novel heme peroxidase enzyme known as curly suppressor (Cysu)(formerly CG5873), have been characterized in this report because it is involved in wing morphogenesis. Using bioinformatics tools we found that Cysu is remarkably conserved in the genus Drosophila (>95%) as well as in invertebrates (>70%), although its vertebrate orthologs show poor homology. Time-lapse imaging and histochemical analyses have confirmed that the defective wing phenotype of Cysu is not a result of any underlying cellular alterations; instead, its wings fail to expand in mature adults. Results The precise requirement of Cysu in wings was established by identifying a bona fide mutant of Cysu from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Centre collection. Its requirement in the wing has also been shown by RNA knockdown of the gene. Subsequent transgenic rescue of the mutant wing phenotype with the wild-type gene confirmed the phenotype resulting from Cysu mutant. With appropriate GAL4 driver like engrailed-GAL4, the Cysu phenotype was compartmentalized, which raises a strong possibility that Cysu is not localized in the extracellular matrix (ECM); hence, Cysu is not engaged in bonding the dorsal and ventral cuticular layers. Finally, shortened lifespan of the Cysu mutant suggests it is functionally essential for other biological processes as well. Conclusion Cysu, a peroxinectin-like gene, is required during the wing maturation process in Drosophila because as a heme peroxidase, Cysu is capable of utilizing H2O2, which plays an essential role in post-eclosion wing morphogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0143-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dondra Bailey
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA.,Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed Abul Basar
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA
| | - Sanjay Nag
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA
| | - Nivedita Bondhu
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA
| | - Shaloei Teng
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA
| | - Atanu Duttaroy
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College Street, 20059, Washington, DC, NW, USA.
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93
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94
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Miranda-Vizuete A, Veal EA. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for understanding ROS function in physiology and disease. Redox Biol 2016; 11:708-714. [PMID: 28193593 PMCID: PMC5304259 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS (reactive oxygen species) are potentially damaging by-products of aerobic metabolism which, unchecked, can have detrimental effects on cell function. However, it is now widely accepted that, at physiological levels, certain ROS play important roles in cell signaling, acting as second messengers to regulate cell choices that contribute to the development, adaptation and survival of plants and animals. Despite important recent advances in the biochemical tools available to study redox-signaling, the molecular mechanisms underlying most of these responses remain poorly understood, particularly in multicellular organisms. As we will review here, C. elegans has emerged as a powerful animal model to elucidate these and other aspects of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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95
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Seybold AC, Wharton DA, Thorne MAS, Marshall CJ. Establishing RNAi in a Non-Model Organism: The Antarctic Nematode Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166228. [PMID: 27832164 PMCID: PMC5104476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is one of the only organisms known to survive extensive intracellular freezing throughout its tissues. Although the physiological mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are partly understood, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. RNAi is a method that allows the examination of gene function in a direct, targeted manner, by knocking out specific mRNAs and revealing the effects on the phenotype. In this study we have explored the viability of RNAi in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. In the first trial, nematodes were fed E. coli expressing Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 dsRNA of the embryonic lethal genes rps-2 and dhc, and the blister gene duox. Pd-rps-2(RNAi)-treated nematodes showed a significant decrease in larval hatching. However, qPCR showed no significant decrease in the amount of rps-2 mRNA in Pd-rps-2(RNAi)-treated animals. Several soaking protocols for dsRNA uptake were investigated using the fluorescent dye FITC. Desiccation-enhanced soaking showed the strongest uptake of FITC and resulted in a significant and consistent decrease of mRNA levels of two of the four tested genes (rps-2 and tps-2a), suggesting effective uptake of dsRNA-containing solution by the nematode. These findings suggest that RNAi by desiccation-enhanced soaking is viable in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 and provide the first functional genomic approach to investigate freezing tolerance in this non-model organism. RNAi, in conjunction with qPCR, can be used to screen for candidate genes involved in intracellular freezing tolerance in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Seybold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David A. Wharton
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A. S. Thorne
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Craig J. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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96
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97
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Liu HY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. What has passed is prolog: new cellular and physiological roles of G6PD. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1047-1064. [PMID: 27684214 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1223296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
G6PD deficiency has been the most pervasive inherited disorder in the world since having been discovered. G6PD has an antioxidant role by functioning as a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) provider to reduce excessive oxidative stress. NADPH can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. Hence, G6PD also has a pro-oxidant role. Research in the past has focused on the enhanced susceptibility of G6PD-deficient cells or individuals to oxidative challenge. The cytoregulatory role of G6PD has largely been overlooked. By using a metabolomic approach, it is noted that upon oxidant challenge, G6PD-deficient cells will reprogram the GSH metabolism from regeneration to synthesis with exhaustive energy consumption. Recently, new cellular/physiologic roles of G6PD have been discovered. By using a proteomic approach, it has been found that G6PD plays a regulatory role in xenobiotic metabolism possibly via NOX and the redox-sensitive Nrf2-signaling pathway to modulate the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Since G6PD is a key regulator responsible for intracellular redox homeostasis, G6PD deficiency can alter redox balance leading to many abnormal cellular effects such as the cellular inflammatory and immune response against viral infection. G6PD may play an important role in embryogenesis as G6PD-knockdown mouse cannot produce offspring and G6PD-deficient C. elegans with defective egg production and hatching. This array of findings indicates that the cellular and physiologic roles of G6PD, other than the classical role as an antioxidant enzyme, deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
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98
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Braeckman BP, Smolders A, Back P, De Henau S. In Vivo Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Status in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:577-92. [PMID: 27306519 PMCID: PMC5041511 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Due to its large families of redox-active enzymes, genetic amenability, and complete transparency, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has the potential to become an important model for the in vivo study of redox biology. RECENT ADVANCES The recent development of several genetically encoded ratiometric reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox sensors has revolutionized the quantification and precise localization of ROS and redox signals in living organisms. Only few exploratory studies have applied these sensors in C. elegans and undoubtedly much remains to be discovered in this model. As a follow-up to our recent findings that the C. elegans somatic gonad uses superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signals to communicate with the germline, we here analyze the patterns of H2O2 inside the C. elegans germline. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the advantages of genetically encoded ROS and redox sensors over classic chemical sensors, still several general as well as C. elegans-specific issues need to be addressed. The major concerns for the application of these sensors in C. elegans are (i) decreased vitality of some reporter strains, (ii) interference of autofluorescent compartments with the sensor signal, and (iii) the use of immobilization methods that do not influence the worm's redox physiology. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that several of the current issues may be solved by designing reporter strains carrying single copies of codon-optimized sensors. Preferably, these sensors should have their emission wavelengths in the red region, where autofluorescence is absent. Worm analysis could be optimized using four-dimensional ratiometric fluorescence microscopy of worms immobilized in microfluidic chips. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 577-592.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Smolders
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Back
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sasha De Henau
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Untrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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99
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Diwanji N, Bergmann A. The beneficial role of extracellular reactive oxygen species in apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation. Fly (Austin) 2016; 11:46-52. [PMID: 27575697 PMCID: PMC5354222 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1222997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP) maintains tissue homeostasis following massive stress-induced cell death. During this phenomenon, dying cells induce proliferation of the surviving cells to compensate for the tissue loss, and thus restore organ size. Along with wound healing and tissue regeneration, AiP also contributes to tumor repopulation following radiation or chemotherapy. There are several models of AiP. Using an “undead” AiP model that causes hyperplastic overgrowth of Drosophila epithelial tissue, we recently demonstrated that extracellular reactive oxygen species (eROS) are produced by undead epithelial cells, and are necessary for inducing AiP and overgrowth. Furthermore, hemocytes, the Drosophila blood cells, are seen adjacent to the undead epithelial tissue, and may secrete the TNF ortholog Eiger that signals through the TNF receptor to active Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the undead tissue and induce proliferation. We propose that undead epithelial tissue triggers an inflammatory response that resembles recruitment of macrophages to human epithelial tumors, and that these tumor-associated macrophages release signals for proliferation and tumor growth of the epithelium. This Extra View article summarizes these recent findings with a focus on the role of eROS for promoting regeneration and inflammation-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Diwanji
- a Department of Molecular , Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- a Department of Molecular , Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
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Xue M, Weickert MO, Qureshi S, Kandala NB, Anwar A, Waldron M, Shafie A, Messenger D, Fowler M, Jenkins G, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Improved Glycemic Control and Vascular Function in Overweight and Obese Subjects by Glyoxalase 1 Inducer Formulation. Diabetes 2016; 65:2282-94. [PMID: 27207552 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk of insulin resistance, impaired glycemic control, and cardiovascular disease is excessive in overweight and obese populations. We hypothesized that increasing expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1)-an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of reactive metabolite and glycating agent methylglyoxal-may improve metabolic and vascular health. Dietary bioactive compounds were screened for Glo1 inducer activity in a functional reporter assay, hits were confirmed in cell culture, and an optimized Glo1 inducer formulation was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in 29 overweight and obese subjects. We found trans-resveratrol (tRES) and hesperetin (HESP), at concentrations achieved clinically, synergized to increase Glo1 expression. In highly overweight subjects (BMI >27.5 kg/m(2)), tRES-HESP coformulation increased expression and activity of Glo1 (27%, P < 0.05) and decreased plasma methylglyoxal (-37%, P < 0.05) and total body methylglyoxal-protein glycation (-14%, P < 0.01). It decreased fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (-5%, P < 0.01, and -8%, P < 0.03, respectively), increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity index (42 mL ⋅ min(-1) ⋅ m(-2), P < 0.02), and improved arterial dilatation Δbrachial artery flow-mediated dilatation/Δdilation response to glyceryl nitrate (95% CI 0.13-2.11). In all subjects, it decreased vascular inflammation marker soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (-10%, P < 0.01). In previous clinical evaluations, tRES and HESP individually were ineffective. tRES-HESP coformulation could be a suitable treatment for improved metabolic and vascular health in overweight and obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, U.K
| | - Sheharyar Qureshi
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, U.K
| | - Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Attia Anwar
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Molly Waldron
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Mark Fowler
- Unilever Research & Development Colworth, Bedford, U.K
| | - Gail Jenkins
- Unilever Research & Development Colworth, Bedford, U.K
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
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