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Elgundi Z, Papanicolaou M, Major G, Cox TR, Melrose J, Whitelock JM, Farrugia BL. Cancer Metastasis: The Role of the Extracellular Matrix and the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Perlecan. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1482. [PMID: 32010611 PMCID: PMC6978720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the dissemination of tumor cells to new sites, resulting in the formation of secondary tumors. This process is complex and is spatially and temporally regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One important extrinsic factor is the extracellular matrix, the non-cellular component of tissues. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are constituents of the extracellular matrix, and through their heparan sulfate chains and protein core, modulate multiple events that occur during the metastatic cascade. This review will provide an overview of the role of the extracellular matrix in the events that occur during cancer metastasis, primarily focusing on perlecan. Perlecan, a basement membrane HSPG is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix and is commonly associated with events that occur during the metastatic cascade. Its contradictory role in these events will be discussed and we will highlight the recent advances in cancer therapies that target HSPGs and their modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Elgundi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Papanicolaou
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gretel Major
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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52
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Medwig-Kinney TN, Smith JJ, Palmisano NJ, Tank S, Zhang W, Matus DQ. A developmental gene regulatory network for C. elegans anchor cell invasion. Development 2020; 147:dev185850. [PMID: 31806663 PMCID: PMC6983719 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular invasion is a key part of development, immunity and disease. Using an in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell invasion, we characterize the gene regulatory network that promotes cell invasion. The anchor cell is initially specified in a stochastic cell fate decision mediated by Notch signaling. Previous research has identified four conserved transcription factors, fos-1 (Fos), egl-43 (EVI1/MEL), hlh-2 (E/Daughterless) and nhr-67 (NR2E1/TLX), that mediate anchor cell specification and/or invasive behavior. Connections between these transcription factors and the underlying cell biology that they regulate are poorly understood. Here, using genome editing and RNA interference, we examine transcription factor interactions before and after anchor cell specification. Initially, these transcription factors function independently of one another to regulate LIN-12 (Notch) activity. Following anchor cell specification, egl-43, hlh-2 and nhr-67 function largely parallel to fos-1 in a type I coherent feed-forward loop with positive feedback to promote invasion. Together, these results demonstrate that the same transcription factors can function in cell fate specification and differentiated cell behavior, and that a gene regulatory network can be rapidly assembled to reinforce a post-mitotic, pro-invasive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Medwig-Kinney
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Jayson J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Nicholas J Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Sujata Tank
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Science and Technology Research Program, Smithtown High School East, St. James, NY 11780-1833, USA
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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53
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Ferreira HH, Toledo DC, Faria AM, Araújo DP, Nardi ABD, Porto RNG, Moura VMBDD. Immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and 2 (MMP-2) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-58640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to perform the immunostaining of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and its inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, on normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue in order to evaluate the behavior of these proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in different neoplastic mammary types. Thus, 48 samples of canine mammary tissue were analyzed, 14 of which complex carcinomas, 13 tubulopapillary carcinomas, six single adenomas and 15 normal mammary tissue. There were differences in MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 according to mammary histomorphology, and MMP-9 presented increased immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells in tubulopapillary and complex carcinomas. TIMP-1 exhibited reduced immunostaining in the stromal cells of the complex carcinomas and TIMP-2 enhanced immunostaining in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in epithelial and stromal cells regarding immunostaining intensity and number of labeled cells in the normal breast. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. It is concluded that balanced activity between MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 maintains normal canine mammary tissue homeostasis while increased immunoexpression of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 and reduced TIMP- 1 in carcinomas suggest a favorable condition for tumor evolution.
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54
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Gels for Live Analysis of Compartmentalized Environments (GLAnCE): A tissue model to probe tumour phenotypes at tumour-stroma interfaces. Biomaterials 2020; 228:119572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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55
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Van Duzer A, Taniguchi S, Elhance A, Tsujikawa T, Oshimori N. ADAP1 promotes invasive squamous cell carcinoma progression and predicts patient survival. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900582. [PMID: 31792062 PMCID: PMC6892435 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAP1, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase ARF6, is a strong predictor of poor survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma patients and a critical mediator of TGF-β-induced invasive cell migration by facilitating basement membrane breakdown. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is aggressive cancer with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, but the critical determinants of its progression remain elusive. Here, we identify ADAP1, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARF6 up-regulated in TGF-β-responding invasive tumor cells, as a strong predictor of poor survival in early-stage SCC patients. Using a mouse model of SCC, we show that ADAP1 overexpression promotes invasive tumor progression by facilitating cell migration and breakdown of the basement membrane. We found that ADAP1-rich, TGF-β-responding tumor cells exhibit cytoplasmic laminin localization, which correlated with the absence of laminin and type IV collagen from the pericellular basement membrane. Interestingly, although tumors overexpressing a GAP activity-deficient mutant of ADAP1 resulted in morphologically complex tumors, those tumor cells failed to breach the basement membrane. Moreover, Adap1 deletion in tumor cells ameliorated the basement membrane breakdown and had less invading cells in the stroma. Our study demonstrates that ADAP1 is a critical mediator of TGF-β-induced cancer invasion and might be exploited for the treatment of high-risk SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Van Duzer
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA .,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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56
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van den Dries K, Nahidiazar L, Slotman JA, Meddens MBM, Pandzic E, Joosten B, Ansems M, Schouwstra J, Meijer A, Steen R, Wijers M, Fransen J, Houtsmuller AB, Wiseman PW, Jalink K, Cambi A. Modular actin nano-architecture enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5171. [PMID: 31729386 PMCID: PMC6858452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane transmigration during embryonal development, tissue homeostasis and tumor invasion relies on invadosomes, a collective term for invadopodia and podosomes. An adequate structural framework for this process is still missing. Here, we reveal the modular actin nano-architecture that enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. The podosome protrusive core contains a central branched actin module encased by a linear actin module, each harboring specific actin interactors and actin isoforms. From the core, two actin modules radiate: ventral filaments bound by vinculin and connected to the plasma membrane and dorsal interpodosomal filaments crosslinked by myosin IIA. On stiff substrates, the actin modules mediate long-range substrate exploration, associated with degradative behavior. On compliant substrates, the vinculin-bound ventral actin filaments shorten, resulting in short-range connectivity and a focally protrusive, non-degradative state. Our findings redefine podosome nanoscale architecture and reveal a paradigm for how actin modularity drives invadosome mechanosensing in cells that breach tissue boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical imaging center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost Schouwstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Steen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM), Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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57
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Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer—high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
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58
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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59
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Bai J, Kwok WC, Thiery JP. Traditional Chinese Medicine and regulatory roles on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Chin Med 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31558913 PMCID: PMC6755703 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical biological process allowing epithelial cells to de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells. Orchestrated signaling pathways cooperatively induce EMT and effect physiological, sometimes pathological outcomes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been clinically prescribed for thousands of years and recent studies have found that TCM therapies can participate in EMT regulation. In this review, the historical discovery of EMT will be introduced, followed by a brief overview of its major roles in development and diseases. The second section will focus on EMT in organ fibrosis and tissue regeneration. The third section discusses EMT-induced cancer metastasis, and details how EMT contribute to distant dissemination. Finally, new EMT players are described, namely microRNA, epigenetic modifications, and alternative splicing. TCM drugs that affect EMT proven through an evidence-based research approach will be presented in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Wee Chiew Kwok
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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60
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Jayadev R, Chi Q, Keeley DP, Hastie EL, Kelley LC, Sherwood DR. α-Integrins dictate distinct modes of type IV collagen recruitment to basement membranes. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3098-3116. [PMID: 31387941 PMCID: PMC6719451 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are cell-associated extracellular matrices that support tissue integrity, signaling, and barrier properties. Type IV collagen is critical for BM function, yet how it is directed into BMs in vivo is unclear. Through live-cell imaging of endogenous localization, conditional knockdown, and misexpression experiments, we uncovered distinct mechanisms of integrin-mediated collagen recruitment to Caenorhabditis elegans postembryonic gonadal and pharyngeal BMs. The putative laminin-binding αINA-1/βPAT-3 integrin was selectively activated in the gonad and recruited laminin, which directed moderate collagen incorporation. In contrast, the putative Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding αPAT-2/βPAT-3 integrin was activated in the pharynx and recruited high levels of collagen in an apparently laminin-independent manner. Through an RNAi screen, we further identified the small GTPase RAP-3 (Rap1) as a pharyngeal-specific PAT-2/PAT-3 activator that modulates collagen levels. Together, these studies demonstrate that tissues can use distinct mechanisms to direct collagen incorporation into BMs to precisely control collagen levels and construct diverse BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel P Keeley
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Eric L Hastie
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
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61
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Chang J, Chaudhuri O. Beyond proteases: Basement membrane mechanics and cancer invasion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2456-2469. [PMID: 31315943 PMCID: PMC6683740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cancers, cells must invade through basement membranes (BMs) to metastasize. The BM, a thin layer of extracellular matrix underlying epithelial and endothelial tissues, is primarily composed of laminin and collagen IV and serves as a structural barrier to cancer cell invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. BM invasion has been thought to require protease degradation since cells, which are typically on the order of 10 µm in size, are too large to squeeze through the nanometer-scale pores of the BM. However, recent studies point toward a more complex picture, with physical forces generated by cancer cells facilitating protease-independent BM invasion. Moreover, collective cell interactions, proliferation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, and immune cells are all implicated in regulating BM invasion through physical forces. A comprehensive understanding of BM structure and mechanics and diverse modes of BM invasion may yield new strategies for blocking cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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62
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Wessels DJ, Pradhan N, Park YN, Klepitsch MA, Lusche DF, Daniels KJ, Conway KD, Voss ER, Hegde SV, Conway TP, Soll DR. Reciprocal signaling and direct physical interactions between fibroblasts and breast cancer cells in a 3D environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218854. [PMID: 31233557 PMCID: PMC6590889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic cells undergo cell aggregation and aggregate coalescence in a 3D Matrigel environment. Here, we expanded this 3D platform to assess the interactions of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human primary mammary fibroblasts (HPMFs) with breast cancer-derived, tumorigenic cells (MDA-MB-231). Medium conditioned by MDA-MB-231 cells activates both types of fibroblasts, imbuing them with the capacity to accelerate the rate of aggregation and coalescence of MDA-MB-231 cells more than four fold. Acceleration is achieved 1) by direct physical interactions with MDA-MB-231 cells, in which activated fibroblasts penetrate the MDA-MB-231/Matrigel 3D environment and function as supporting scaffolds for MDA-MB-231 aggregation and coalescence, and 2) through the release of soluble accelerating factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and, in the case of activated NHDFs, SDF-1α/CXCL12. Fibroblast activation includes changes in morphology, motility, and gene expression. Podoplanin (PDPN) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are upregulated by more than nine-fold in activated NHDFs while activated HPMFs upregulate FAP, vimentin, desmin, platelet derived growth factor receptor A and S100A4. Overexpression of PDPN, but not FAP, in NHDF cells in the absence of MDA-MB-231-conditioned medium, activates NHDFs. These results reveal that complex reciprocal signaling between fibroblasts and cancer cells, coupled with their physical interactions, occurs in a highly coordinated fashion that orchestrates aggregation and coalescence, behaviors specific to cancer cells in a 3D environment. These in vitro interactions may reflect events involved in early tumorigenesis, particularly in cases of field cancerization, and may represent a new mechanism whereby cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nikash Pradhan
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yang-Nim Park
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan A. Klepitsch
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karla J. Daniels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kayla D. Conway
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Edward R. Voss
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Suchaeta V. Hegde
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Conway
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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63
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Walter C, Davis JT, Mathur J, Pathak A. Physical defects in basement membrane-mimicking collagen-IV matrices trigger cellular EMT and invasion. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:342-355. [PMID: 29790537 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In fibrosis and cancer, degradation of basement membrane (BM) and cell invasion are considered as key outcomes of a cellular transformation called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we pose a converse question - can preexisting physical defects in the BM matrix cause EMT in normal epithelial cells? On a BM-mimicking matrix of collagen-IV-coated polyacrylamide (PA) gel, we have discovered a reverse phenomenon in which preexisting defects trigger EMT in normal epithelial cells. Through spatiotemporal measurements and simulations in silico, we demonstrate that the EMT precedes cellular mechanoactivation on defective matrices, but they occur concurrently on stiff matrices. The defect-dependent EMT caused cell invasion though a stroma-mimicking collagen-I layer, which could be disabled through MMP9 inhibition. Our findings reveal that the known BM degradation caused by cellular EMT and invasion is not a one-way process. Instead, normal epithelial cells can exploit physical defects in the BM matrix to undergo disease-like cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
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Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061341. [PMID: 30884865 PMCID: PMC6471208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the basic biology of pathway controls is not fully understood. With recent demonstrations that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is within both taste buds and the innervating ganglion neurons/nerve fibers, it is compelling to consider Hh signaling throughout the tongue and taste organ cell and tissue compartments. Distinctive signaling centers and niches are reviewed in taste papilla epithelium, taste buds, basal lamina, fibroblasts and lamellipodia, lingual nerves, and sensory ganglia. Several new roles for the innervation in lingual Hh signaling are proposed. Hh signaling within the lingual epithelium and an intact innervation each is necessary, but only together are sufficient to sustain and restore taste buds. Importantly, patients who use Hh pathway inhibiting drugs confront an altered chemosensory world with loss of taste buds and taste responses, intact lingual touch and cold sensation, and taste recovery after drug discontinuation.
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Electrospun Nanometer to Micrometer Scale Biomimetic Synthetic Membrane Scaffolds in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold technology research utilizes biomimicry to produce efficient scaffolds that mimic the natural cell growth environment including the basement membrane for tissue engineering. Because the natural basement membrane is composed of fibrillar protein networks of nanoscale diameter, the scaffold produced should efficiently mimic the nanoscale topography at a low production cost. Electrospinning is a technique that can achieve that. This review discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of the basement membrane and its significance on cell growth and overall focuses on nanoscale biomimetic synthetic membrane scaffolds primarily generated using electrospinning and their application in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Gordon KL, Payne SG, Linden-High LM, Pani AM, Goldstein B, Hubbard EJA, Sherwood DR. Ectopic Germ Cells Can Induce Niche-like Enwrapment by Neighboring Body Wall Muscle. Curr Biol 2019; 29:823-833.e5. [PMID: 30799241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Niche cell enwrapment of stem cells and their differentiating progeny is common and provides a specialized signaling and protective environment. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying enwrapment behavior has important basic and clinical significance in not only understanding how niches are formed and maintained but also how they can be engineered and how they are misregulated in human pathologies, such as cancer. Previous work in C. elegans found that, when germ cells, which are enwrapped by somatic gonadal niche cells, are freed into the body cavity, they embed into other tissues. We investigated this phenomenon using live-cell imaging and discovered that ectopic germ cells preferentially induce body-wall muscle to extend cellular processes that enwrap the germ cells, the extent of which was strikingly similar to the distal tip cell (DTC)-germ stem cell niche. Enwrapment was specific for escaped germ cells, and genetic analysis revealed it did not depend on pathways that control cell death and engulfment or muscle arm extension. Instead, using a large-scale RNAi screen and GFP knockin strains, we discovered that the enwrapping behavior of muscle relied upon the same suite of cell-cell adhesion molecules that functioned in the endogenous niche: the C. elegans E-cadherin HMR-1, its intracellular associates α-catenin (HMP-1) and β-catenin (HMP-2), and the L1CAM protein SAX-7. This ectopic niche-like behavior resembles the seed-and-soil model of cancer metastasis and offers a new model to understand factors regulating ectopic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacy L Gordon
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara G Payne
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Ariel M Pani
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - E Jane Albert Hubbard
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Salminen AT, Zhang J, Madejski GR, Khire TS, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Gaborski TR. Ultrathin Dual-Scale Nano- and Microporous Membranes for Vascular Transmigration Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804111. [PMID: 30632319 PMCID: PMC6530565 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective cellular transmigration across the microvascular endothelium regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, stem cell localization, and cancer cell metastasis. Integration of traditional microporous membranes into microfluidic vascular models permits the rapid assay of transmigration events but suffers from poor reproduction of the cell permeable basement membrane. Current microporous membranes in these systems have large nonporous regions between micropores that inhibit cell communication and nutrient exchange on the basolateral surface reducing their physiological relevance. Here, the use of 100 nm thick continuously nanoporous silicon nitride membranes as a base substrate for lithographic fabrication of 3 µm pores is presented, resulting in a highly porous (≈30%), dual-scale nano- and microporous membrane for use in an improved vascular transmigration model. Ultrathin membranes are patterned using a precision laser writer for cost-effective, rapid micropore design iterations. The optically transparent dual-scale membranes enable complete observation of leukocyte egress across a variety of pore densities. A maximal density of ≈14 micropores per cell is discovered beyond which cell-substrate interactions are compromised giving rise to endothelial cell losses under flow. Addition of a subluminal extracellular matrix rescues cell adhesion, allowing for the creation of shear-primed endothelial barrier models on nearly 30% continuously porous substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Gregory R Madejski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Tejas S Khire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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68
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Kelley LC, Chi Q, Cáceres R, Hastie E, Schindler AJ, Jiang Y, Matus DQ, Plastino J, Sherwood DR. Adaptive F-Actin Polymerization and Localized ATP Production Drive Basement Membrane Invasion in the Absence of MMPs. Dev Cell 2019; 48:313-328.e8. [PMID: 30686527 PMCID: PMC6372315 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with decreased patient prognosis but have failed as anti-invasive drug targets despite promoting cancer cell invasion. Through time-lapse imaging, optical highlighting, and combined genetic removal of the five MMPs expressed during anchor cell (AC) invasion in C. elegans, we find that MMPs hasten invasion by degrading basement membrane (BM). Though irregular and delayed, AC invasion persists in MMP- animals via adaptive enrichment of the Arp2/3 complex at the invasive cell membrane, which drives formation of an F-actin-rich protrusion that physically breaches and displaces BM. Using a large-scale RNAi synergistic screen and a genetically encoded ATP FRET sensor, we discover that mitochondria enrich within the protrusion and provide localized ATP that fuels F-actin network growth. Thus, without MMPs, an invasive cell can alter its BM-breaching tactics, suggesting that targeting adaptive mechanisms will be necessary to mitigate BM invasion in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cáceres
- CNRS, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research Université, Paris 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Eric Hastie
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam J Schindler
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Julie Plastino
- CNRS, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research Université, Paris 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Role of Extracellular Matrix in Development and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103028. [PMID: 30287763 PMCID: PMC6213383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense diversity of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confers distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that influence cell phenotype. The ECM is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodelled, and degraded during development until maturity to maintain tissue homeostasis. The ECM’s composition and organization are spatiotemporally regulated to control cell behaviour and differentiation, but dysregulation of ECM dynamics leads to the development of diseases such as cancer. The chemical cues presented by the ECM have been appreciated as key drivers for both development and cancer progression. However, the mechanical forces present due to the ECM have been largely ignored but recently recognized to play critical roles in disease progression and malignant cell behaviour. Here, we review the ways in which biophysical forces of the microenvironment influence biochemical regulation and cell phenotype during key stages of human development and cancer progression.
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70
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Mierke CT, Sauer F, Grosser S, Puder S, Fischer T, Käs JA. The two faces of enhanced stroma: Stroma acts as a tumor promoter and a steric obstacle. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3831. [PMID: 29215759 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to genetic, morphological and biochemical alterations in cells, a key feature of the malignant progression of cancer is the stroma, including cancer cell motility as well as the emergence of metastases. Our current knowledge with regard to the biophysically driven experimental approaches of cancer progression indicates that mechanical aberrations are major contributors to the malignant progression of cancer. In particular, the mechanical probing of the stroma is of great interest. However, the impact of the tumor stroma on cellular motility, and hence the metastatic cascade leading to the malignant progression of cancer, is controversial as there are two different and opposing effects within the stroma. On the one hand, the stroma can promote and enhance the proliferation, survival and migration of cancer cells through mechanotransduction processes evoked by fiber alignment as a result of increased stroma rigidity. This enables all types of cancer to overcome restrictive biological capabilities. On the other hand, as a result of its structural constraints, the stroma acts as a steric obstacle for cancer cell motility in dense three-dimensional extracellular matrices, when the pore size is smaller than the cell's nucleus. The mechanical properties of the stroma, such as the tissue matrix stiffness and the entire architectural network of the stroma, are the major players in providing the optimal environment for cancer cell migration. Thus, biophysical methods determining the mechanical properties of the stroma, such as magnetic resonance elastography, are critical for the diagnosis and prediction of early cancer stages. Fibrogenesis and cancer are tightly connected, as there is an elevated risk of cancer on cystic fibrosis or, subsequently, cirrhosis. This also applies to the subsequent metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Sauer
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Grosser
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Puder
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Alfons Käs
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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71
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Fabris G, Lucantonio A, Hampe N, Noetzel E, Hoffmann B, DeSimone A, Merkel R. Nanoscale Topography and Poroelastic Properties of Model Tissue Breast Gland Basement Membranes. Biophys J 2018; 115:1770-1782. [PMID: 30322796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin layers of condensed extracellular matrix proteins serving as permeability filters, cellular anchoring sites, and barriers against cancer cell invasion. It is believed that their biomechanical properties play a crucial role in determining cellular behavior and response, especially in mechanically active tissues like breast glands. Despite this, so far, relatively little attention has been dedicated to their analysis because of the difficulty of isolating and handling such thin layers of material. Here, we isolated BMs derived from MCF10A spheroids-three-dimensional breast gland model systems mimicking in vitro the most relevant phenotypic characteristics of human breast lobules-and characterized them by atomic force microscopy, enhanced resolution confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. By performing atomic force microscopy height-clamp experiments, we obtained force-relaxation curves that offered the first biomechanical data on isolated breast gland BMs to our knowledge. Based on enhanced resolution confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging data, we modeled the system as a polymer network immersed in liquid and described it as a poroelastic material. Finite-element simulations matching the experimental force-relaxation curves allowed for the first quantification, to our knowledge, of the bulk and shear moduli of the membrane as well as its water permeability. These results represent a first step toward a deeper understanding of the mechanism of tensional homeostasis regulating mammary gland activity as well as its disruption during processes of membrane breaching and metastatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fabris
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
| | | | - Nico Hampe
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Qi D, Wu S, Lin H, Kuss MA, Lei Y, Krasnoslobodtsev A, Ahmed S, Zhang C, Kim HJ, Jiang P, Duan B. Establishment of a Human iPSC- and Nanofiber-Based Microphysiological Blood-Brain Barrier System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21825-21835. [PMID: 29897225 PMCID: PMC6052796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an active and complex diffusion barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid, regulates nutrient transportation, and provides protection against various toxic compounds and pathogens. Creating an in vitro microphysiological BBB system, particularly with relevant human cell types, will significantly facilitate the research of neuropharmaceutical drug delivery, screening, and transport, as well as improve our understanding of pathologies that are due to BBB damage. Currently, most of the in vitro BBB models are generated by culturing rodent astrocytes and endothelial cells, using commercially available transwell membranes. Those membranes are made of plastic biopolymers that are nonbiodegradable, porous, and stiff. In addition, distinct from rodent astrocytes, human astrocytes possess unique cell complexity and physiology, which are among the few characteristics that differentiate human brains from rodent brains. In this study, we established a novel human BBB microphysiologocal system, consisting of a three-dimensionally printed holder with a electrospun poly(lactic- co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanofibrous mesh, a bilayer coculture of human astrocytes, and endothelial cells, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), on the electrospun PLGA mesh. This human BBB model achieved significant barrier integrity with tight junction protein expression, an effective permeability to sodium fluorescein, and higher transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) comparing to electrospun mesh-based counterparts. Moreover, the coculture of hiPSC-derived astrocytes and endothielial cells promoted the tight junction protein expression and the TEER value. We further verified the barrier functions of our BBB model with antibrain tumor drugs (paclitaxel and bortezomib) and a neurotoxic peptide (amyloid β 1-42). The human microphysiological system generated in this study will potentially provide a new, powerful tool for research on human BBB physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexey Krasnoslobodtsev
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: +1 848 445 2805 (P.J.). . Phone: +1 402 559 9637 (B.D.)
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: +1 848 445 2805 (P.J.). . Phone: +1 402 559 9637 (B.D.)
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Morel KL, Ormsby RJ, Solly EL, Tran LNK, Sweeney CJ, Klebe S, Cordes N, Sykes PJ. Chronic low dose ethanol induces an aggressive metastatic phenotype in TRAMP mice, which is counteracted by parthenolide. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:649-661. [PMID: 29936575 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in prostate cancer therapy, dissemination and growth of metastases results in shortened survival. Here we examined the potential anti-cancer effect of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (PTL) and its water soluble analogue dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) on tumour progression and metastasis in the TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model of prostate cancer. Six-week-old male TRAMP mice received PTL (40 mg/kg in 10% ethanol/saline), DMAPT (100 mg/kg in sterile water), or vehicle controls by oral gavage thrice weekly until palpable tumour formation. DMAPT treatment slowed normal tumour development in TRAMP mice, extending the time-to-palpable prostate tumour by 20%. PTL did not slow overall tumour development, while the ethanol/saline vehicle used to administer PTL unexpectedly induced an aggressive metastatic tumour phenotype. Chronic ethanol/saline vehicle upregulated expression of NF-κB, MMP2, integrin β1, collagen IV, and laminin, and induced vascular basement membrane degradation in primary prostate tumours, as well as increased metastatic spread to the lung and liver. All of these changes were largely prevented by co-administration with PTL. DMAPT (in water) reduced metastasis to below that of water-control. These data suggest that DMAPT has the potential to be used as a cancer preventive and anti-metastatic therapy for prostate cancer. Although low levels of ethanol consumption have not been shown to strongly correlate with prostate cancer epidemiology, these results would support a potential effect of chronic low dose ethanol on metastasis and the TRAMP model provides a useful system in which to further explore the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morel
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Rebecca J Ormsby
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Linh N K Tran
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University and SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pamela J Sykes
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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74
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Walling BL, Kim M. LFA-1 in T Cell Migration and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 29774029 PMCID: PMC5943560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostatic immune surveillance and development of effective adaptive immune responses require precise regulation of spatial and temporal lymphocyte trafficking throughout the body to ensure pathogen clearance and memory generation. Dysregulation of lymphocyte activation and migration can lead to impaired adaptive immunity, recurrent infections, and an array of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Central to the recruitment of T cells, integrins are cell surface receptors that regulate adhesion, signal transduction, and migration. With 24 integrin pairs having been discovered to date, integrins are defined not only by the composition of the heterodimeric pair but by cell-type specific expression and their ligands. Furthermore, integrins not only facilitate adhesion but also induce intracellular signaling and have recently been uncovered as mechanosensors providing additional complexity to the signaling pathways. Among several leukocyte-specific integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 or αLβ2; CD11a/CD18) is a key T cell integrin, which plays a major role in regulating T cell activation and migration. Adhesion to LFA-1's ligand, intracellular adhesion receptor 1 (ICAM-1) facilitates firm endothelium adhesion, prolonged contact with antigen-presenting cells, and binding to target cells for killing. While the downstream signaling pathways utilized by LFA-1 are vastly conserved they allow for highly disparate responses. Here, we summarize the roles of LFA-1 and ongoing studies to better understand its functions and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Walling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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75
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Stuelten CH, Parent CA, Montell DJ. Cell motility in cancer invasion and metastasis: insights from simple model organisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:296-312. [PMID: 29546880 PMCID: PMC6790333 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the greatest challenge in the clinical management of cancer. Cell motility is a fundamental and ancient cellular behaviour that contributes to metastasis and is conserved in simple organisms. In this Review, we evaluate insights relevant to human cancer that are derived from the study of cell motility in non-mammalian model organisms. Dictyostelium discoideum, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio permit direct observation of cells moving in complex native environments and lend themselves to large-scale genetic and pharmacological screening. We highlight insights derived from each of these organisms, including the detailed signalling network that governs chemotaxis towards chemokines; a novel mechanism of basement membrane invasion; the positive role of E-cadherin in collective direction-sensing; the identification and optimization of kinase inhibitors for metastatic thyroid cancer on the basis of work in flies; and the value of zebrafish for live imaging, especially of vascular remodelling and interactions between tumour cells and host tissues. While the motility of tumour cells and certain host cells promotes metastatic spread, the motility of tumour-reactive T cells likely increases their antitumour effects. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying all types of cell motility, with the ultimate goal of identifying combination therapies that will increase the motility of beneficial cells and block the spread of harmful cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- ;
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- ;
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Abstract
Edema is typically presented as a secondary effect from injury, illness, disease, or medication, and its impact on patient wellness is nested within the underlying etiology. Therefore, it is often thought of more as an amplifier to current preexisting conditions. Edema, however, can be an independent risk factor for patient deterioration. Improper management of edema is costly not only to the patient, but also to treatment and care facilities, as mismanagement of edema results in increased lengths of hospital stay. Direct tissue trauma, disease, or inappropriate resuscitation and/or ventilation strategies result in edema formation through physical disruption and chemical messenger-based structural modifications of the microvascular barrier. Derangements in microvascular barrier function limit tissue oxygenation, nutrient flow, and cellular waste removal. Recent studies have sought to elucidate cellular signaling and structural alterations that result in vascular hyperpermeability in a variety of critical care conditions to include hemorrhage, burn trauma, and sepsis. These studies and many others have highlighted how multiple mechanisms alter paracellular and/or transcellular pathways promoting hyperpermeability. Roles for endothelial glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and basement membrane, vesiculo-vacuolar organelles, cellular junction and cytoskeletal proteins, and vascular pericytes have been described, demonstrating the complexity of microvascular barrier regulation. Understanding these basic mechanisms inside and out of microvessels aid in developing better treatment strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of excessive edema formation.
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77
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Watanabe M, Natsuga K, Shinkuma S, Shimizu H. Epidermal aspects of type VII collagen: Implications for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Dermatol 2018; 45:515-521. [PMID: 29352483 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type VII collagen (COL7), a major component of anchoring fibrils in the epidermal basement membrane zone, has been characterized as a defective protein in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and as an autoantigen in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Although COL7 is produced and secreted by both epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, the role of COL7 with regard to the epidermis is rarely discussed. This review focuses on COL7 physiology and pathology as it pertains to epidermal keratinocytes. We summarize the current knowledge of COL7 production and trafficking, its involvement in keratinocyte dynamics, and epidermal carcinogenesis in COL7 deficiency and propose possible solutions to unsolved issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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78
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Abstract
Silicon nanomembranes are ultrathin, highly permeable, optically transparent and biocompatible substrates for the construction of barrier tissue models. Trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is often used as a non-invasive, sensitive and quantitative technique to assess barrier function. The current study characterizes the electrical behavior of devices featuring silicon nanomembranes to facilitate their application in TEER studies. In conventional practice with commercial systems, raw resistance values are multiplied by the area of the membrane supporting cell growth to normalize TEER measurements. We demonstrate that under most circumstances, this multiplication does not 'normalize' TEER values as is assumed, and that the assumption is worse if applied to nanomembrane chips with a limited active area. To compare the TEER values from nanomembrane devices to those obtained from conventional polymer track-etched (TE) membranes, we develop finite element models (FEM) of the electrical behavior of the two membrane systems. Using FEM and parallel cell-culture experiments on both types of membranes, we successfully model the evolution of resistance values during the growth of endothelial monolayers. Further, by exploring the relationship between the models we develop a 'correction' function, which when applied to nanomembrane TEER, maps to experiments on conventional TE membranes. In summary, our work advances the the utility of silicon nanomembranes as substrates for barrier tissue models by developing an interpretation of TEER values compatible with conventional systems.
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79
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Sherwood DR, Plastino J. Invading, Leading and Navigating Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans: Insights into Cell Movement in Vivo. Genetics 2018; 208:53-78. [PMID: 29301948 PMCID: PMC5753875 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly regulated cell migration events are crucial during animal tissue formation and the trafficking of cells to sites of infection and injury. Misregulation of cell movement underlies numerous human diseases, including cancer. Although originally studied primarily in two-dimensional in vitro assays, most cell migrations in vivo occur in complex three-dimensional tissue environments that are difficult to recapitulate in cell culture or ex vivo Further, it is now known that cells can mobilize a diverse repertoire of migration modes and subcellular structures to move through and around tissues. This review provides an overview of three distinct cellular movement events in Caenorhabditis elegans-cell invasion through basement membrane, leader cell migration during organ formation, and individual cell migration around tissues-which together illustrate powerful experimental models of diverse modes of movement in vivo We discuss new insights into migration that are emerging from these in vivo studies and important future directions toward understanding the remarkable and assorted ways that cells move in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | - Julie Plastino
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 168, F-75005 Paris, France
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80
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Abstract
Cell migration is an adaptive process that depends on and responds to physical and molecular triggers. Moving cells sense and respond to tissue mechanics and induce transient or permanent tissue modifications, including extracellular matrix stiffening, compression and deformation, protein unfolding, proteolytic remodelling and jamming transitions. Here we discuss how the bi-directional relationship of cell-tissue interactions (mechanoreciprocity) allows cells to change position and contributes to single-cell and collective movement, structural and molecular tissue organization, and cell fate decisions.
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81
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce metalloprotease-independent cancer cell invasion of the basement membrane. Nat Commun 2017; 8:924. [PMID: 29030636 PMCID: PMC5640679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the stage of carcinoma in situ, the basement membrane (BM) segregates tumor cells from the stroma. This barrier must be breached to allow dissemination of the tumor cells to adjacent tissues. Cancer cells can perforate the BM using proteolysis; however, whether stromal cells play a role in this process remains unknown. Here we show that an abundant stromal cell population, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote cancer cell invasion through the BM. CAFs facilitate the breaching of the BM in a matrix metalloproteinase-independent manner. Instead, CAFs pull, stretch, and soften the BM leading to the formation of gaps through which cancer cells can migrate. By exerting contractile forces, CAFs alter the organization and the physical properties of the BM, making it permissive for cancer cell invasion. Blocking the ability of stromal cells to exert mechanical forces on the BM could therefore represent a new therapeutic strategy against aggressive tumors.Stromal cells play various roles in tumor establishment and metastasis. Here the authors, using an ex-vivo model, show that cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate colon cancer cells invasion in a matrix metalloproteinase-independent manner, likely by pulling and stretching the basement membrane to form gaps.
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82
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Chioran A, Duncan S, Catalano A, Brown TJ, Ringuette MJ. Collagen IV trafficking: The inside-out and beyond story. Dev Biol 2017; 431:124-133. [PMID: 28982537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV networks endow basement membranes (BMs) with remarkable tensile strength and function as morphoregulatory substrata for diverse tissue-specific developmental events. A complex repertoire of intracellular and extracellular molecular interactions are required for collagen IV secretion and supramolecular assembly into BMs. These include intracellular chaperones such as Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) and the chaperone-binding trafficking protein Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (Tango1). Mutations in these proteins lead to compromised collagen IV protomer stability and secretion, leading to defective BM assembly and function. In addition to intracellular chaperones, a role for extracellular chaperones orchestrating the transport, supramolecular assembly, and architecture of collagen IV in BM is emerging. We present evidence derived from evolutionarily distant model organisms that supports an extracellular collagen IV chaperone-like activity for the matricellular protein SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic, Rich in Cysteine). Loss of SPARC disrupts BM homeostasis and compromises tissue biomechanics and physiological function. Thus, the combined contributions of intracellular and extracellular collagen IV-associated chaperones and chaperone-like proteins are critical to ensure proper secretion and stereotypic assembly of collagen IV networks in BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Chioran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Sebastian Duncan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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83
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Dong S, Balaraman V, Kantor AM, Lin J, Grant DG, Held NL, Franz AWE. Chikungunya virus dissemination from the midgut of Aedes aegypti is associated with temporal basal lamina degradation during bloodmeal digestion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005976. [PMID: 28961239 PMCID: PMC5636170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mosquito, the midgut epithelium is the initial tissue to become infected with an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that has been acquired from a vertebrate host along with a viremic bloodmeal. Following its replication in midgut epithelial cells, the virus needs to exit the midgut and infect secondary tissues including the salivary glands before it can be transmitted to another vertebrate host. The viral exit mechanism from the midgut, the midgut escape barrier (MEB), is poorly understood although it is an important determinant of mosquito vector competence for arboviruses. Using chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as a model in Aedes aegypti, we demonstrate that the basal lamina (BL) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the midgut constitutes a potential barrier for the virus. The BL, predominantly consisting of collagen IV and laminin, becomes permissive during bloodmeal digestion in the midgut lumen. Bloodmeal digestion, BL permissiveness, and CHIKV dissemination are coincident with increased collagenase activity, diminished collagen IV abundance, and BL shredding in the midgut between 24–32 h post-bloodmeal. This indicates that there may be a window-of-opportunity during which the MEB in Ae. aegypti becomes permissive for CHIKV. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the principal extracellular endopeptidases responsible for the degradation/remodeling of the ECM including the BL. We focused on Ae. aegypti (Ae)MMP1, which is expressed in midgut epithelial cells, is inducible upon bloodfeeding, and shows collagenase (gelatinase) activity. However, attempts to inhibit AeMMP activity in general or specifically that of AeMMP1 did not seem to affect its function nor produce an altered midgut escape phenotype. As an alternative, we silenced and overexpressed the Ae. aegyptitissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (AeTIMP) in the mosquito midgut. AeTIMP was highly upregulated in the midgut during bloodmeal digestion and was able to inhibit MMP activity in vitro. Bloodmeal-inducible, midgut-specific overexpression of AeTIMP or its expression via a recombinant CHIKV significantly increased midgut dissemination rates of the virus. Possibly, AeTIMP overexpression affected BL degradation and/or restoration thereby increasing the midgut dissemination efficiency of the virus. The biological nature of the midgut escape barrier in insects for arthropod-borne viruses has been a mystery for decades. Here we show that the basal lamina (BL) surrounding the mosquito midgut acts as a barrier for chikungunya virus, an alphavirus, which has emerged in the New World hemisphere around three years ago. The barrier became permissive for the virus during digestion of a viremic bloodmeal inside the midgut lumen. Concurrent with BL permissiveness, we observed that collagen IV, a major component of the BL became temporally degraded while the BL was visibly damaged. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that matrix metalloproteinases such as Ae. aegypti (Ae)MMP1 may be involved in BL degradation. We confirmed that recombinant AeMMP1 exhibited strong gelatinase activity, which was profoundly reduced when recombinant AeMMP1 interacted in vitro with the recombinant Ae. aegypti tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (AeTIMP). When transgenically overexpressing AeTIMP in an attempt to temporally inhibit general MMP activity in the mosquito midgut, we observed that the dissemination efficiency of chikungunya virus became significantly increased, while its midgut infection was not affected. It is possible that AeTIMP overexpression affected BL degradation/restoration permitting increased quantities of virus to escape from the midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhang Dong
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Asher M. Kantor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - DeAna G. Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Held
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexander W. E. Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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84
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Morris DC, Popp JL, Tang LK, Gibbs HC, Schmitt E, Chaki SP, Bywaters BC, Yeh AT, Porter WW, Burghardt RC, Barhoumi R, Rivera GM. Nck deficiency is associated with delayed breast carcinoma progression and reduced metastasis. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3500-3516. [PMID: 28954862 PMCID: PMC5683761 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nck promotes breast carcinoma progression and metastasis by directing the polarized interaction of carcinoma cells with collagen fibrils, decreasing actin turnover, and enhancing the localization and activity of MMP14 at the cell surface through modulation of the spatiotemporal activation of Cdc42 and RhoA. Although it is known that noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) regulates cell adhesion and migration by bridging tyrosine phosphorylation with cytoskeletal remodeling, the role of Nck in tumorigenesis and metastasis has remained undetermined. Here we report that Nck is required for the growth and vascularization of primary tumors and lung metastases in a breast cancer xenograft model as well as extravasation following injection of carcinoma cells into the tail vein. We provide evidence that Nck directs the polarization of cell–matrix interactions for efficient migration in three-dimensional microenvironments. We show that Nck advances breast carcinoma cell invasion by regulating actin dynamics at invadopodia and enhancing focalized extracellular matrix proteolysis by directing the delivery and accumulation of MMP14 at the cell surface. We find that Nck-dependent cytoskeletal changes are mechanistically linked to enhanced RhoA but restricted spatiotemporal activation of Cdc42. Using a combination of protein silencing and forced expression of wild-type/constitutively active variants, we provide evidence that Nck is an upstream regulator of RhoA-dependent, MMP14-mediated breast carcinoma cell invasion. By identifying Nck as an important driver of breast carcinoma progression and metastasis, these results lay the groundwork for future studies assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting Nck in aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Morris
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Julia L Popp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Leung K Tang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Emily Schmitt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Briana C Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Weston W Porter
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
| | - Gonzalo M Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467
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85
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Armstrong BE, Henner A, Stewart S, Stankunas K. Shh promotes direct interactions between epidermal cells and osteoblast progenitors to shape regenerated zebrafish bone. Development 2017; 144:1165-1176. [PMID: 28351866 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish innately regenerate amputated fins by mechanisms that expand and precisely position injury-induced progenitor cells to re-form tissue of the original size and pattern. For example, cell signaling networks direct osteoblast progenitors (pObs) to rebuild thin cylindrical bony rays with a stereotypical branched morphology. Hedgehog/Smoothened (Hh/Smo) signaling has been variably proposed to stimulate overall fin regenerative outgrowth or promote ray branching. Using a photoconvertible patched2 reporter, we resolve active Hh/Smo output to a narrow distal regenerate zone comprising pObs and adjacent motile basal epidermal cells. This Hh/Smo activity is driven by epidermal Sonic hedgehog a (Shha) rather than Ob-derived Indian hedgehog a (Ihha), which nevertheless functions atypically to support bone maturation. Using BMS-833923, a uniquely effective Smo inhibitor, and high-resolution imaging, we show that Shha/Smo is functionally dedicated to ray branching during fin regeneration. Hh/Smo activation enables transiently divided clusters of Shha-expressing epidermis to escort pObs into similarly split groups. This co-movement likely depends on epidermal cellular protrusions that directly contact pObs only where an otherwise occluding basement membrane remains incompletely assembled. Progressively separated pObs pools then continue regenerating independently to collectively re-form a now branched skeletal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Armstrong
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Astra Henner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA .,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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86
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Live-cell confocal microscopy and quantitative 4D image analysis of anchor-cell invasion through the basement membrane in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2081-2096. [PMID: 28880279 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion through basement membrane (BM) barriers is crucial in development, leukocyte trafficking and the spread of cancer. The mechanisms that direct invasion, despite their importance in normal and disease states, are poorly understood, largely because of the inability to visualize dynamic cell-BM interactions in vivo. This protocol describes multichannel time-lapse confocal imaging of anchor-cell invasion in live Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods presented include outline-slide preparation and worm growth synchronization (15 min), mounting (20 min), image acquisition (20-180 min), image processing (20 min) and quantitative analysis (variable timing). The acquired images enable direct measurement of invasive dynamics including formation of invadopodia and cell-membrane protrusions, and removal of BM. This protocol can be combined with genetic analysis, molecular-activity probes and optogenetic approaches to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying cell invasion. These methods can also be readily adapted by any worm laboratory for real-time analysis of cell migration, BM turnover and cell-membrane dynamics.
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87
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Fan Q, Liu R, Jiao Y, Tian C, Farrell JD, Diao W, Wang X, Zhang F, Yuan W, Han H, Chen J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ye F, Li M, Ouyang Z, Liu L. A novel 3-D bio-microfluidic system mimicking in vivo heterogeneous tumour microstructures reveals complex tumour-stroma interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2852-2860. [PMID: 28726916 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A 3-D microfluidic system consisting of microchamber arrays embedded in a collagen hydrogel with tuneable biochemical gradients that mimics the tumour microenvironment of mammary glands was constructed for the investigation on the interactions between invasive breast cancer cells and stromal cells. The hollow microchambers in collagen provide a very similar 3-D environment to that in vivo that regulates collective cellular dynamics and behaviour, while the microfluidic channels surrounding the collagen microchamber arrays allow one to impose complex concentration gradients of specific biological molecules or drugs. We found that breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) seeded in the microchambers formed lumen-like structures similar to those in epithelial layers. When MCF-10A cells were co-cultured with invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), the formation of lumen-like structures in the microchambers was inhibited, indicating the capability of cancer cells to disrupt the structures formed by surrounding cells for further invasion and metastasis. Subsequent mechanism studies showed that down regulation of E-cad expression due to MMPs produced by the cancer cells plays a dominant role in determining the cellular behaviour. Our microfluidic system offers a robust platform for high throughput studies that aim to understand combinatorial effects of multiple biochemical and microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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88
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Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that tumor microenvironments play pivotal roles in tumor development and metastasis through various physical, chemical, and biological factors, including extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, matrix remodeling, oxygen tension, pH, cytokines, and matrix stiffness. An emerging trend in cancer research involves the creation of engineered three-dimensional tumor models using bioinspired hydrogels that accurately recapitulate the native tumor microenvironment. With recent advances in materials engineering, many researchers are developing engineered tumor models, which are promising platforms for the study of cancer biology and for screening of therapeutic agents for better clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development and use of polymeric hydrogel materials to engineer native tumor ECMs for cancer research, focusing on emerging technologies in cancer engineering that aim to accelerate clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218;
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218;
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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89
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Bonetti LR, Manenti A, Domati F, Farinetti A. Mesocolic micro-skip metastasis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:341-343. [PMID: 28268093 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Modena, Policlinic Hospital, v.Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Manenti
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena, Policlinic Hospital, v.Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Domati
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Modena, Policlinic Hospital, v.Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena, Policlinic Hospital, v.Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
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90
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Chi Q, Shan J, Ding X, Yin T, Wang Y, Jia D, Wang G. Smart mechanosensing machineries enable migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis-relevant 3D matrices. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:586-598. [PMID: 28328100 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
At the early stage of atherosclerosis, neointima is formed due to the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima. VSMCs are surrounded by highly adhesive 3D matrices. They take specific strategies to cross various 3D matrices in the media, including heterogeneous collagen and mechanically strong basement membrane. Migration of VSMCs is potentially caused by biomechanical mechanism. Most in vitro studies focus on cell migration on 2D substrates in response to biochemical factors. How the cells move through 3D matrices under the action of mechanosensing machineries remains unexplored. In this review, we propose that several interesting tension-dependent machineries act as "tractor"-posterior myosin II accumulation, and "wrecker"-anterior podosome maintaining, to power VSMCs ahead. VSMCs embedded in 3D matrices may accumulate a minor myosin II isoform, myosin IIB, at the cell rear. Anisotropic myosin IIB distribution creates cell rear, polarizes cell body, pushes the nucleus and reshapes the cell body, and cooperates with a uniformly distributed myosin IIA to propel the cell forward. On the other hand, matrix digestion by podosome further promote the migration when the matrix becomes denser. Actomyosin tension activates Src to induce podosome in soft 3D matrices and retain the podosome integrity to steadily digest the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieling Shan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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91
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Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin, dense sheets of specialized, self-assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues (Figure 1, top). The emergence of BMs coincided with the origin of multicellularity in animals, suggesting that they were essential for the formation of tissues. Their sheet-like structure derives from two independent polymeric networks - one of laminin and one of type IV collagen (Figure 1, bottom). These independent collagen and laminin networks are thought to be linked by several additional extracellular matrix proteins, including nidogen and perlecan (Figure 1, bottom). BMs are usually associated with cells and are anchored to cell surfaces through interactions with adhesion receptors and sulfated glycolipids (Figure 1, bottom). Various combinations of other proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans - including fibulin, hemicentin, SPARC, agrin, and type XVIII collagen - are present in BMs, creating biochemically and biophysically distinct structures that serve a wide variety of functions. BMs have traditionally been viewed as static protein assemblies that provide structural support to tissues. However, recent studies have begun to uncover dynamic, active roles for BMs in many developmental processes. Here, we discuss established and emerging roles of BMs in development, tissue construction, and tissue homeostasis. We also explore how cells traverse BM barriers, the roles of BMs in human diseases, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Program in Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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92
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Liu M, Feng Z, Ke H, Liu Y, Sun T, Dai J, Cui W, Pastor-Pareja JC. Tango1 spatially organizes ER exit sites to control ER export. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1035-1049. [PMID: 28280122 PMCID: PMC5379956 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exit of secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) takes place at specialized domains called ER exit sites (ERESs). In mammals, loss of TANGO1 and other MIA/cTAGE (melanoma inhibitory activity/cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen) family proteins prevents ER exit of large cargoes such as collagen. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster Tango1, the only MIA/cTAGE family member in fruit flies, is a critical organizer of the ERES-Golgi interface. Tango1 rings hold COPII (coat protein II) carriers and Golgi in close proximity at their center. Loss of Tango1, present at ERESs in all tissues, reduces ERES size and causes ERES-Golgi uncoupling, which impairs secretion of not only collagen, but also all other cargoes we examined. Further supporting an organizing role of Tango1, its overexpression creates more and larger ERESs. Our results suggest that spatial coordination of ERES, carrier, and Golgi elements through Tango1's multiple interactions increases secretory capacity in Drosophila and allows secretion of large cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianhui Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianli Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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93
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de Groot AE, Roy S, Brown JS, Pienta KJ, Amend SR. Revisiting Seed and Soil: Examining the Primary Tumor and Cancer Cell Foraging in Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:361-370. [PMID: 28209759 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the consequence of a cancer cell that disperses from the primary tumor, travels throughout the body, and invades and colonizes a distant site. On the basis of Paget's 1889 hypothesis, the majority of modern metastasis research focuses on the properties of the metastatic "seed and soil," but the implications of the primary tumor "soil" have been largely neglected. The rare lethal metastatic "seed" arises as a result of the selective pressures in the primary tumor. Optimal foraging theory describes how cancer cells adopt a mobile foraging strategy to balance predation risk and resource reward. Further selection in the dispersal corridors leading out of the primary tumor enhances the adaptive profile of the potentially metastatic cell. This review focuses on the selective pressures of the primary tumor "soil" that generate lethal metastatic "seeds" which is essential to understanding this critical component of prostate cancer metastasis.Implication: Elucidating the selective pressures of the primary tumor "soil" that generate lethal metastatic "seeds" is essential to understand how and why metastasis occurs in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 361-70. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E de Groot
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sounak Roy
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel S Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences and UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah R Amend
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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94
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Kohrman AQ, Matus DQ. Divide or Conquer: Cell Cycle Regulation of Invasive Behavior. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:12-25. [PMID: 27634432 PMCID: PMC5186408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell invasion through the basement membrane (BM) occurs during normal embryonic development and is a fundamental feature of cancer metastasis. The underlying cellular and genetic machinery required for invasion has been difficult to identify, due to a lack of adequate in vivo models to accurately examine invasion in single cells at subcellular resolution. Recent evidence has documented a functional link between cell cycle arrest and invasive activity. While cancer progression is traditionally thought of as a disease of uncontrolled cell proliferation, cancer cell dissemination, a critical aspect of metastasis, may require a switch from a proliferative to an invasive state. In this work, we review evidence that BM invasion requires cell cycle arrest and discuss the implications of this concept with regard to limiting the lethality associated with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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95
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Jones-Paris CR, Paria S, Berg T, Saus J, Bhave G, Paria BC, Hudson BG. Embryo implantation triggers dynamic spatiotemporal expression of the basement membrane toolkit during uterine reprogramming. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:347-365. [PMID: 27619726 PMCID: PMC5328942 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized extracellular scaffolds that influence behaviors of cells in epithelial, endothelial, muscle, nervous, and fat tissues. Throughout development and in response to injury or disease, BMs are fine-tuned with specific protein compositions, ultrastructure, and localization. These features are modulated through implements of the BM toolkit that is comprised of collagen IV, laminin, perlecan, and nidogen. Two additional proteins, peroxidasin and Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP), have recently emerged as potential members of the toolkit. In the present study, we sought to determine whether peroxidasin and GPBP undergo dynamic regulation in the assembly of uterine tissue BMs in early pregnancy as a tractable model for dynamic adult BMs. We explored these proteins in the context of collagen IV and laminin that are known to extensively change for decidualization. Electron microscopic analyses revealed: 1) a smooth continuous layer of BM in between the epithelial and stromal layers of the preimplantation endometrium; and 2) interrupted, uneven, and progressively thickened BM within the pericellular space of the postimplantation decidua. Quantification of mRNA levels by qPCR showed changes in expression levels that were complemented by immunofluorescence localization of peroxidasin, GPBP, collagen IV, and laminin. Novel BM-associated and subcellular spatiotemporal localization patterns of the four components suggest both collective pericellular functions and distinct functions in the uterus during reprogramming for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestial R Jones-Paris
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sayan Paria
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Taloa Berg
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Juan Saus
- Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Fibrostatin, SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bibhash C Paria
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Nashville, TN, United States.
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96
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Cepeda MA, Pelling JJ, Evered CL, Leong HS, Damjanovski S. The cytoplasmic domain of MT1-MMP is dispensable for migration augmentation but necessary to mediate viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:169-183. [PMID: 27889376 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a multifunctional protease that regulates ECM degradation, proMMP-2 activation, and varied cellular processes including migration and viability. MT1-MMP is believed to be a central mediator of tumourigenesis whose role is dictated by its functionally distinct protein domains. Both the localization and signal transduction capabilities of MT1-MMP are dependent on its cytoplasmic domain, exemplifying diverse regulatory functions. To further our understanding of the multifunctional contributions of MT1-MMP to cellular processes, we overexpressed cytoplasmic domain altered constructs in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and analyzed migration and viability in 2D culture conditions, morphology in 3D Matrigel culture, and tumorigenic ability in vivo. We found that the cytoplasmic domain was not needed for MT1-MMP mediated migration promotion, but was necessary to maintain viability during serum depravation in 2D culture. Similarly, during 3D Matrigel culture the cytoplasmic domain of MT1-MMP was not needed to initiate a protrusive phenotype, but was necessary to prevent colony blebbing when cells were serum deprived. We also tested in vivo tumorigenic potential to show that cells expressing cytoplasmic domain altered constructs demonstrated a reduced ability to vascularize tumours. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain regulates MT1-MMP function in a manner required for cell survival, but is dispensable for cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Cepeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Jh Pelling
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caitlin L Evered
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sashko Damjanovski
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Associate Scientist, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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97
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Cepeda MA, Pelling JJH, Evered CL, Williams KC, Freedman Z, Stan I, Willson JA, Leong HS, Damjanovski S. Less is more: low expression of MT1-MMP is optimal to promote migration and tumourigenesis of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:65. [PMID: 27756325 PMCID: PMC5070195 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a multifunctional protease implicated in metastatic progression ostensibly due to its ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components and allow migration of cells through the basement membrane. Despite in vitro studies demonstrating this principle, this knowledge has not translated into the use of MMP inhibitors (MMPi) as effective cancer therapeutics, or been corroborated by evidence of in vivo ECM degradation mediated by MT1-MMP, suggesting that our understanding of the role of MT1-MMP in cancer progression is incomplete. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines were created that stably overexpress different levels of MT1-MMP. Using 2D culture, we analyzed proMMP-2 activation (gelatin zymography), ECM degradation (fluorescent gelatin), ERK signaling (immunoblot), cell migration (transwell/scratch closure/time-lapse imaging), and viability (colorimetric substrate) to assess how different MT1-MMP levels affect these cellular parameters. We also utilized Matrigel 3D cell culture and avian embryos to examine how different levels of MT1-MMP expression affect morphological changes in 3D culture, and tumourigenecity and extravasation efficiency in vivo. RESULTS In 2D culture, breast cancer cells expressing high levels of MT1-MMP were capable of widespread ECM degradation and TIMP-2-mediated proMMP-2 activation, but were not the most migratory. Instead, cells expressing low levels of MT1-MMP were the most migratory, and demonstrated increased viability and ERK activation. In 3D culture, MCF-7 breast cancer cells expressing low levels of MT1-MMP demonstrated an invasive protrusive phenotype, whereas cells expressing high levels of MT1-MMP demonstrated loss of colony structure and cell fragment release. Similarly, in vivo analysis demonstrated increased tumourigenecity and metastatic capability for cells expressing low levels of MT1-MMP, whereas cells expressing high levels were devoid of these qualities despite the production of functional MT1-MMP protein. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that excessive ECM degradation mediated by high levels of MT1-MMP is not associated with cell migration and tumourigenesis, while low levels of MT1-MMP promote invasion and vascularization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Cepeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jacob J H Pelling
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Caitlin L Evered
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Karla C Williams
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zoey Freedman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ioana Stan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jessica A Willson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sashko Damjanovski
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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98
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Adam MG, Matt S, Christian S, Hess-Stumpp H, Haegebarth A, Hofmann TG, Algire C. SIAH ubiquitin ligases regulate breast cancer cell migration and invasion independent of the oxygen status. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3734-47. [PMID: 26654769 PMCID: PMC4825722 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven-in-absentia homolog (SIAH) proteins are evolutionary conserved RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases responsible for the degradation of key molecules regulating DNA damage response, hypoxic adaptation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Many studies suggest a tumorigenic role for SIAH2. In breast cancer patients SIAH2 expression levels correlate with cancer aggressiveness and overall patient survival. In addition, SIAH inhibition reduced metastasis in melanoma. The role of SIAH1 in breast cancer is still ambiguous; both tumorigenic and tumor suppressive functions have been reported. Other studies categorized SIAH ligases as either pro- or antimigratory, while the significance for metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we re-evaluated the effects of SIAH1 and SIAH2 depletion in breast cancer cell lines, focusing on migration and invasion. We successfully knocked down SIAH1 and SIAH2 in several breast cancer cell lines. In luminal type MCF7 cells, this led to stabilization of the SIAH substrate Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 3 (PHD3) and reduced Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) protein levels. Both the knockdown of SIAH1 or SIAH2 led to increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, with comparable effects. These results point to a tumor promoting role for SIAH1 in breast cancer similar to SIAH2. In addition, depletion of SIAH1 or SIAH2 also led to decreased cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. SIAH knockdown also controlled microtubule dynamics by markedly decreasing the protein levels of stathmin, most likely via p27(Kip1). Collectively, these results suggest that both SIAH ligases promote a migratory cancer cell phenotype and could contribute to metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordian Adam
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany.,b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | - Sonja Matt
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sven Christian
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas G Hofmann
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Carolyn Algire
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
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99
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McClatchey ST, Wang Z, Linden LM, Hastie EL, Wang L, Shen W, Chen A, Chi Q, Sherwood DR. Boundary cells restrict dystroglycan trafficking to control basement membrane sliding during tissue remodeling. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27661254 PMCID: PMC5061546 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells and their underlying basement membranes (BMs) slide along each other to renew epithelia, shape organs, and enlarge BM openings. How BM sliding is controlled, however, is poorly understood. Using genetic and live cell imaging approaches during uterine-vulval attachment in C. elegans, we have discovered that the invasive uterine anchor cell activates Notch signaling in neighboring uterine cells at the boundary of the BM gap through which it invades to promote BM sliding. Through an RNAi screen, we found that Notch activation upregulates expression of ctg-1, which encodes a Sec14-GOLD protein, a member of the Sec14 phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein superfamily that is implicated in vesicle trafficking. Through photobleaching, targeted knockdown, and cell-specific rescue, our results suggest that CTG-1 restricts BM adhesion receptor DGN-1 (dystroglycan) trafficking to the cell-BM interface, which promotes BM sliding. Together, these studies reveal a new morphogenetic signaling pathway that controls BM sliding to remodel tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Development and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lara M Linden
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Eric L Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanqing Shen
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alan Chen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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100
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Normal mammary epithelial cells promote carcinoma basement membrane invasion by inducing microtubule-rich protrusions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32634-45. [PMID: 26334095 PMCID: PMC4741718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work suggests that the dissemination of tumor cells may occur in parallel with, and even preceed, tumor growth. The mechanism for this early invasion is largely unknown. Here, we find that mammary epithelial cells (MECs) induce neighboring breast carcinoma cells (BCCs) to cross the basement membrane by secreting soluble laminin. Laminin continuously produced by MECs induce long membrane cellular protrusions in BCCs that promote their contractility and invasion into the surrounding matrix. These protrusions depend on microtubule bundles assembled de novo through laminin-integrin β1 signaling. These results describe how non-cancerous MECs can actively participate in the invasive process of BCCs.
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