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Khanna P, Chung CY, Neves RI, Robertson GP, Dong C. CD82/KAI expression prevents IL-8-mediated endothelial gap formation in late-stage melanomas. Oncogene 2013; 33:2898-908. [PMID: 23873025 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma cells facilitate endothelial gap formation, the first step during tumor transendothelial migration, which is mediated by both adhesion and endogenously produced chemokines (in particular, interleukin-8 (IL-8)). Tetraspanins are localized to the cell surface in cancer and participate in various functions including invasion of tissues mediated by secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. However, little is known about the role of CD82 tetraspanins in malignant melanomas during cancer cell invasion. In this study, we investigated the functional importance of CD82 expression in melanoma-mediated gap formation by using cDNAs to induce CD82 expression in highly invasive melanoma cell lines. Results showed that CD82 expression inhibited melanoma cell-induced gap formation, melanoma cell extravasation in vitro and subsequent lung metastasis development in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that inducible expression of CD82 in highly metastatic melanoma cells significantly increased p21 expression upon binding of Duffy antigen receptor group (DARC), inducing tumor cell senescence and interrupting IL-8-mediated vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disassembly. Taken together, these studies provide a rationale for using drug therapies that restore CD82 expression and inhibit IL-8 production to inhibit late-stage melanoma cell extravasation and subsequent metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khanna
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C-Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - R I Neves
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [3] Penn State Melanoma Therapeutic Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [4] Cutaneous Oncology Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [5] Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G P Robertson
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [3] Penn State Melanoma Therapeutic Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [4] Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [5] Pennsylvania State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [6] The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - C Dong
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA [2] Pennsylvania State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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52
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Moreno-Pérez DA, Ruíz JA, Patarroyo MA. Reticulocytes: Plasmodium vivax target cells. Biol Cell 2013; 105:251-60. [PMID: 23458497 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reticulocytes represent the main invasion target for Plasmodium vivax, the second most prevalent parasite species around the world causing malaria in humans. In spite of these cells' importance in research into malaria, biological knowledge related to the nature of the host has been limited, given the technical difficulties present in working with them in the laboratory. Poor reticulocyte recovery from total blood, by different techniques, has hampered continuous in vitro P. vivax cultures being developed, thereby delaying basic investigation in this parasite species. Intense research during the last few years has led to advances being made in developing methodologies orientated towards obtaining enriched reticulocytes from differing sources, thereby providing invaluable information for developing new strategies aimed at preventing infection caused by malaria. This review describes the most recent studies related to obtaining reticulocytes and discusses approaches which could contribute towards knowledge regarding molecular interactions between target cell proteins and their main infective agent, P. vivax.
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Chew AL, Tan WY, Khoo BY. Potential combinatorial effects of recombinant atypical chemokine receptors in breast cancer cell invasion: A research perspective. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:185-192. [PMID: 24648916 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from their major function in the coordination of leukocyte recruitment, chemokines, in cooperation with their receptors, have been implicated in the progression of various diseases including different types of cancer, affecting survival, proliferation and metastasis. A complex network of chemokines and receptors exists in the tumor microenvironment and affects tumor development in various ways where chemokines activate typical signalling pathways by binding to the respective receptors. The identification and characterization of a group of atypical chemokine receptors [D6, Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), ChemoCentryx chemokine receptor (CCX-CKR) and CXCR7] which appear to use unique biochemical properties to regulate the biological activities of these chemokines, is useful in the effort to therapeutically manipulate chemokines in a broad spectrum of diseases in which these chemokines play a critical role. The aim of this review was to investigate the combinatorial effect of two reported atypical chemokine receptors, D6 and DARC, on breast cancer cell invasion to understand their role and therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. In this regard, findings of the present review should be confirmed via the construction of recombinant D6 and DARC clones as well as the expression of the respective recombinant proteins using the Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) expression system is to be performed in a future study in order to support findings of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lan Chew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wee Yee Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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54
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Graham GJ, Locati M, Mantovani A, Rot A, Thelen M. The biochemistry and biology of the atypical chemokine receptors. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:30-8. [PMID: 22698181 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A subset of chemokine receptors, initially called "silent" on the basis of their apparent failure to activate conventional signalling events, has recently attracted growing interest due to their ability to internalize, degrade, or transport ligands and thus modify gradients and create functional chemokine patterns in tissues. These receptors recognize distinct and complementary sets of ligands with high affinity, are strategically expressed in different cellular contexts, and lack structural determinants supporting Gα(i) activation, a key signalling event in cell migration. This is in keeping with the hypothesis that they have evolved to fulfil fundamentally different functions to the classical signalling chemokine receptors. Based on these considerations, these receptors (D6, Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), CCX-CKR1 and CXCR7) are now collectively considered as an emerging class of 'atypical' chemokine receptors. In this article, we review the biochemistry and biology of this emerging chemokine receptor subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Abstract
Endothelial cells play an important, active role in the onset and regulation of inflammatory and immune reactions. Through the production of chemokines they attract leukocytes and activate their adhesive receptors. This leads to the anchorage of leukocytes to the adhesive molecules expressed on the endothelial surface. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is frequently followed by their extravasation. The mechanisms which regulate the passage of leukocytes through endothelial clefts remain to be clarified. Many indirect data suggest that leukocytes might transfer signals to endothelial cells both through the release of active agents and adhesion to the endothelial cell surface. Adhesive molecules (such as PECAM) on the endothelial cell surface might also ‘direct’ leukocytes through the intercellular junction by haptotaxis. The information available on the molecular structure and functional properties of endothelial chemokines, adhesive molecules or junction organization is still fragmentary. Further work is needed to clarify how they interplay in regulating leukocyte infiltration into tissues.
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56
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Novitzky-Basso I, Rot A. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines and its involvement in patterning and control of inflammatory chemokines. Front Immunol 2012; 3:266. [PMID: 22912641 PMCID: PMC3421148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte functions are linked to their migratory responses, which, in turn, are largely determined by the expression profile of classical chemokine receptors. Upon binding their cognate chemokines, these G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate signaling cascades and downstream molecular and cellular responses, including integrin activation and cell locomotion. Chemokines also bind to an alternative subset of chemokine receptors, which have serpentine structure characteristic for GPCRs but lack DRYLAIV consensus motive required for coupling to G-proteins. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a member of this atypical receptor subfamily. DARC binds a broad range of inflammatory CXC and CC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes, venular endothelial cells, and cerebellar neurons. Erythrocyte DARC serves as blood reservoir of cognate chemokines but also as a chemokine sink, buffering potential surges in plasma chemokine levels. Endothelial cell DARC internalizes chemokines on the basolateral cell surface resulting in subsequent transcytosis of chemokines and their immobilization on the tips of apical microvilli. These DARC-mediated endothelial cell interactions allow chemokines produced in the extravascular tissues to optimally function as arrest chemokines on the luminal endothelial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antal Rot
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Infection and Immunity, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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Structural Diversity in Conserved Regions Like the DRY-Motif among Viral 7TM Receptors-A Consequence of Evolutionary Pressure? Adv Virol 2012; 2012:231813. [PMID: 22899926 PMCID: PMC3414077 DOI: 10.1155/2012/231813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several herpes- and poxviruses have captured chemokine receptors from their hosts and modified these to their own benefit. The human and viral chemokine receptors belong to class A 7 transmembrane (TM) receptors which are characterized by several structural motifs like the DRY-motif in TM3 and the C-terminal tail. In the DRY-motif, the arginine residue serves important purposes by being directly involved in G protein coupling. Interestingly, among the viral receptors there is a greater diversity in the DRY-motif compared to their endogenous receptor homologous. The C-terminal receptor tail constitutes another regulatory region that through a number of phosphorylation sites is involved in signaling, desensitization, and internalization. Also this region is more variable among virus-encoded 7TM receptors compared to human class A receptors. In this review we will focus on these two structural motifs and discuss their role in viral 7TM receptor signaling compared to their endogenous counterparts.
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58
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Ogembo JG, Milner DA, Mansfield KG, Rodig SJ, Murphy GF, Kutok JL, Pinkus GS, Fingeroth JD. SIRPα/CD172a and FHOD1 are unique markers of littoral cells, a recently evolved major cell population of red pulp of human spleen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4496-505. [PMID: 22490440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asplenic individuals are compromised not only in their ability to destroy infectious agents, but are at increased risk for death from autoimmune disease, certain tumors, and ischemic heart disease. Enhanced mortality is attributed to lack of phagocytes sequestered in spleen that efficiently engulf and destroy appropriate targets, although related cells are found elsewhere. To determine whether a unique population regulates RBC-pathogen clearance and filtration of altered self, we reviewed the anatomic literature and analyzed in situ by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence the expression patterns of a little-characterized cell that dominates the splenic red pulp of humans and closely related primates: the venous sinus-lining or littoral cell (LC). High expression of the formin homology domain protein 1 outlines the LC population. Although LCs are endothelial-like in distribution, they express several macrophage-directed proteins, the RBC Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines and T cell coreceptor CD8α/α, yet they lack lineage-associated markers CD34 and CD45. Strikingly, SIRPα (CD172a) expression in human spleen concentrates on LCs, consistent with recent demonstration of a key role in RBC turnover and elimination versus release of infected or altered self. Our results indicate human LCs (SIRPα(+), formin homology domain protein 1(+), CD8α/α(+), CD34(-), CD45(-)) comprise a highly plastic barrier cell population that emerged late in primate evolution coordinate with CD8 expression. Unique to Hominidae, LCs may be the ultimate determinant of which cells recirculate after passage through human spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gordon Ogembo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
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59
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Padiyar A, Hricik DE. Immune factors influencing ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation outcomes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 7:769-78. [PMID: 22014018 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An influence of ethnicity on the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients has been recognized for several decades. Both immune and nonimmune factors have been explored as potential explanations. Most studies have focused on the inferior outcomes of African-Americans. As a group, African-Americans differ from Caucasians with respect to a number of measurable components of the alloimmune response, including the T-cell repertoire and the expression and function of costimulatory molecules and various cytokines and chemokines. In general, these differences suggest that African-Americans may be high immune responders. However, no single difference in any of these components of alloimmunity satisfactorily explains the disparities in outcomes. It seems probable that some combination of immune factors interacts with nonimmune factors, such as socioeconomic resources, to influence transplant outcomes in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Padiyar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Transplantation Service, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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von Nickisch-Rosenegk M, Teschke T, Bier FF. Construction of an artificial cell membrane anchor using DARC as a fitting for artificial extracellular functionalities of eukaryotic cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:1. [PMID: 22221512 PMCID: PMC3271035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to functionalize cell membranes in a directed way for specific applications as single cell arrays or to force close cell-to-cell contact for artificial intercellular interaction and/or induction concerning stem cell manipulation or in general to have a tool for membrane and cell surface-associated processes, we envisaged a neutral inactive membrane anchor for extracellular entities to facillitate the above mentioned functionalities. The silent Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a receptor-like membrane protein of erythrocytes and mediates no cell transduction not at least regarding a missing or truncated G-loop and therefore it seemed to be the candidate for our cell membrane anchor. We isolated the genetic information of DARC from human genomic DNA and cloned it in a mammalian cell line as a fusion protein via a suitable plasmid vector. In this report we demonstrate that the human plasma membrane protein DARC can be used as an artificial anchor molecule in cell surface engineering applications. We constructed the fusion protein SNAP-tag-DARC, consisting of DARC and the self-labeling protein tag SNAP-tag® (Covalys). The SNAP-tag® served as an example for a molecular-technological developed protein that is artificially attached to the extracellular side of the plasma membrane through our DARC-anchor. SnapTag should serve as an example for any extracellular entity and was easy to detect by a commercial detection system. The synthesis of SNAP-tag-DARC, its correct incorporation into the cell membrane and the functionality of the SNAP-tag® were verified by RT-PCR, Western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy and showed the desired functionality as an membrane anchor for an extracellular application entity.
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61
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Kangelaris KN, Sapru A, Calfee CS, Liu KD, Pawlikowska L, Witte JS, Vittinghoff E, Zhuo H, Auerbach AD, Ziv E, Matthay MA. The association between a Darc gene polymorphism and clinical outcomes in African American patients with acute lung injury. Chest 2011; 141:1160-1169. [PMID: 22207676 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) mortality is increased among African Americans compared with Americans of European descent, and genetic factors may be involved. A functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter region of Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (Darc) gene, present almost exclusively in people of African descent, results in isolated erythrocyte DARC deficiency and has been implicated in ALI pathogenesis in preclinical and murine models, possibly because of an increase in circulating Duffy-binding, proinflammatory chemokines like IL-8. We sought to determine the effect of the functional rs2814778 polymorphism, C/C genotype (Duffy null state), on clinical outcomes in African Americans with acute lung injury. METHODS Clinical data and biologic specimens from African American patients with ALI who enrolled in three randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Multivariate analysis accounted for proportion of African ancestry, sex, cirrhosis, and severity of illness on presentation. RESULTS Among 132 subjects, 88 (67%) were Duffy null (C/C genotype). The Duffy null state was associated with a 17% absolute risk increase (95% CI, 1.4%-33%) in mortality at 60 days, a median of 8 fewer ventilator-free days (95% CI, 1-18.5), and 4.5 fewer organ failure-free days (95% CI, 0-18) compared with individuals with the C/T or T/T genotypes (all P values < .05). Estimates were similar on multivariate analysis. In African Americans without the null variant, clinical outcomes were similar to those in patients of European descent. A subgroup analysis suggested that plasma IL-8 levels are increased in Duffy null individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that the functional rs2814778 polymorphism in the gene encoding DARC is associated with worse clinical outcomes among African Americans with ALI, possibly via an increase in circulating IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Neudoerffer Kangelaris
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Anil Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kathleen D Liu
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ludmila Pawlikowska
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hanjing Zhuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew D Auerbach
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Zhao Y, Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Prakash B, Guo F, Stolz DB, Lee JS. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines mediates chemokine endocytosis through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29624. [PMID: 22216333 PMCID: PMC3246497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) shows high affinity binding to multiple inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial DARC facilitates chemokine transcytosis to promote neutrophil recruitment. However, the mechanism of chemokine endocytosis by DARC remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the role of several endocytic pathways in DARC-mediated ligand internalization. Here we report that, although DARC co-localizes with caveolin-1 in endothelial cells, caveolin-1 is dispensable for DARC-mediated 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis as knockdown of caveolin-1 failed to inhibit ligand internalization. 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis by DARC was also independent of clathrin and flotillin-1 but required cholesterol and was, in part, inhibited by silencing Dynamin II expression.125I-CXCL1 endocytosis was inhibited by amiloride, cytochalasin D, and the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 whereas Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) enhanced ligand internalization through DARC. The majority of DARC-ligand interactions occurred on the endothelial surface, with DARC identified along plasma membrane extensions with the appearance of ruffles, supporting the concept that DARC provides a high affinity scaffolding function for surface retention of chemokines on endothelial cells. Conclusions/Significance These results show DARC-mediated chemokine endocytosis occurs through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells and caveolin-1 is dispensable for CXCL1 internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nilam S. Mangalmurti
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bharat Prakash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wurtz N, Mint Lekweiry K, Bogreau H, Pradines B, Rogier C, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A, Hafid JE, Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Trape JF, Basco LK, Briolant S. Vivax malaria in Mauritania includes infection of a Duffy-negative individual. Malar J 2011; 10:336. [PMID: 22050867 PMCID: PMC3228859 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duffy blood group polymorphisms are important in areas where Plasmodium vivax is present because this surface antigen is thought to act as a key receptor for this parasite. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping was performed in febrile uninfected and P. vivax-infected patients living in the city of Nouakchott, Mauritania. Methods Plasmodium vivax was identified by real-time PCR. The Duffy blood group genotypes were determined by standard PCR followed by sequencing of the promoter region and exon 2 of the Duffy gene in 277 febrile individuals. Fisher's exact test was performed in order to assess the significance of variables. Results In the Moorish population, a high frequency of the FYBES/FYBES genotype was observed in uninfected individuals (27.8%), whereas no P. vivax-infected patient had this genotype. This was followed by a high level of FYA/FYB, FYB/FYB, FYB/FYBES and FYA/FYBES genotype frequencies, both in the P. vivax-infected and uninfected patients. In other ethnic groups (Poular, Soninke, Wolof), only the FYBES/FYBES genotype was found in uninfected patients, whereas the FYA/FYBES genotype was observed in two P. vivax-infected patients. In addition, one patient belonging to the Wolof ethnic group presented the FYBES/FYBES genotype and was infected by P. vivax. Conclusions This study presents the Duffy blood group polymorphisms in Nouakchott City and demonstrates that in Mauritania, P. vivax is able to infect Duffy-negative patients. Further studies are necessary to identify the process that enables this Duffy-independent P. vivax invasion of human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wurtz
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Parc du Pharo, Marseille Cedex, France.
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O'Boyle G, Ali S, Kirby J. Chemokines in transplantation: what can atypical receptors teach us about anti-inflammatory therapy? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 25:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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65
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Reiner AP, Lettre G, Nalls MA, Ganesh SK, Mathias R, Austin MA, Dean E, Arepalli S, Britton A, Chen Z, Couper D, Curb JD, Eaton CB, Fornage M, Grant SFA, Harris TB, Hernandez D, Kamatini N, Keating BJ, Kubo M, LaCroix A, Lange LA, Liu S, Lohman K, Meng Y, Mohler ER, Musani S, Nakamura Y, O'Donnell CJ, Okada Y, Palmer CD, Papanicolaou GJ, Patel KV, Singleton AB, Takahashi A, Tang H, Taylor HA, Taylor K, Thomson C, Yanek LR, Yang L, Ziv E, Zonderman AB, Folsom AR, Evans MK, Liu Y, Becker DM, Snively BM, Wilson JG. Genome-wide association study of white blood cell count in 16,388 African Americans: the continental origins and genetic epidemiology network (COGENT). PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002108. [PMID: 21738479 PMCID: PMC3128101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts are lower among individuals of African descent due to the common African-derived "null" variant of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene. Additional common genetic polymorphisms were recently associated with total WBC and WBC sub-type levels in European and Japanese populations. No additional loci that account for WBC variability have been identified in African Americans. In order to address this, we performed a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) of total WBC and cell subtype counts in 16,388 African-American participants from 7 population-based cohorts available in the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network. In addition to the DARC locus on chromosome 1q23, we identified two other regions (chromosomes 4q13 and 16q22) associated with WBC in African Americans (P<2.5×10(-8)). The lead SNP (rs9131) on chromosome 4q13 is located in the CXCL2 gene, which encodes a chemotactic cytokine for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Independent evidence of the novel CXCL2 association with WBC was present in 3,551 Hispanic Americans, 14,767 Japanese, and 19,509 European Americans. The index SNP (rs12149261) on chromosome 16q22 associated with WBC count is located in a large inter-chromosomal segmental duplication encompassing part of the hydrocephalus inducing homolog (HYDIN) gene. We demonstrate that the chromosome 16q22 association finding is most likely due to a genotyping artifact as a consequence of sequence similarity between duplicated regions on chromosomes 16q22 and 1q21. Among the WBC loci recently identified in European or Japanese populations, replication was observed in our African-American meta-analysis for rs445 of CDK6 on chromosome 7q21 and rs4065321 of PSMD3-CSF3 region on chromosome 17q21. In summary, the CXCL2, CDK6, and PSMD3-CSF3 regions are associated with WBC count in African American and other populations. We also demonstrate that large inter-chromosomal duplications can result in false positive associations in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rasika Mathias
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Austin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute for Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric Dean
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela Britton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhao Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David Couper
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. David Curb
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Houston Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naoyuki Kamatini
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, CGM, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan Meng
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emile R. Mohler
- Cardiovascular Division, Vascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Solomon Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George J. Papanicolaou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kushang V. Patel
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Jackson State University, Tougaloo College, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Kent Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Thomson
- Nutritional Sciences, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lingyao Yang
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Beverly M. Snively
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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Elson JK, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Morgenstern H, Chilkuri M, Blanchard J, Lentsch AB. The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) and prostate-cancer risk among Jamaican men. J Immigr Minor Health 2011; 13:36-41. [PMID: 20596779 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-010-9330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an evolutionary response to prevent malaria infection, most Africans do not express the Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) on their red blood cells. Results from experimental studies suggest that DARC expression inhibits prostate-tumor growth. We tested the hypothesis that men of African descent who lack DARC expression are at increased risk of prostate cancer. A case-control study involving 81 age-matched pairs was conducted in Jamaica. Participants were interviewed to collect data, and they donated blood for determination of DARC expression. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations with prostate cancer and aggressive disease. Little or no association was observed between erythrocyte DARC expression and prostate cancer or between DARC expression and aggressive disease. These associations changed little when adjusting for other potential confounders. Our results do not support an effect of erythrocyte DARC expression on the risk or progression of prostate cancer in men of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Elson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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67
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Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACRs) are cell surface receptors with seven transmembrane domains structurally homologous to chemokine G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, upon ligation by cognate chemokines, ACRs fail to induce classical signaling and downstream cellular responses characteristic for GPCRs. Despite this, by affecting chemokine availability and function, ACRs impact on a multitude of pathophysiological events and have emerged as important molecular players in health and disease. This review discusses individual characteristics of the currently known ACRs, highlights their similarities and differences and attempts to establish their group identity. It summarizes the progress made in mapping ACR expression, understanding their diverse in vitro and in vivo functions of ACRs and uncovering their contributions to disease pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antal Rot
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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68
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Zeng XH, Ou ZL, Yu KD, Feng LY, Yin WJ, Li J, Shen ZZ, Shao ZM. Coexpression of atypical chemokine binders (ACBs) in breast cancer predicts better outcomes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 125:715-27. [PMID: 20369284 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Some evidence suggests that atypical chemokine binders (ACBs) including DARC, D6, and CCX-CKR play an important role in inhibiting invasion and metastasis of cancer cells; however, their expression in breast cancer has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of ACBs for relapse-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer. The expressions of the three molecules were analyzed immunohistochemically in a total of 558 consecutive breast specimens comprising 12 normal breast tissues, 29 noninvasive (carcinoma in situ), and 517 invasive breast carcinoma and their relationships to clinicopathological features and survival were investigated in invasive breast cancer. Coexpression of ACBs in invasive breast carcinoma (55.9%) was much lower that of noninvasive breast carcinoma (93.1%) and normal breast tissue (100.0%), P = 0.0004, 0.0096, respectively. Their separate stainings in invasive cancer were significantly conversely correlated with lymph node status and tumor stage. In univariate analysis, the three proteins and their coexpression were significantly associated with higher relapse-free survival and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, each of these molecules was favorable for relapse-free survival, but not overall survival. Surprisingly, their coexpression was not only independently prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (RR = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.101-0.327, P < 0.001), but also for overall survival (RR = 0.271, 95% CI: 0.081-0.910, P = 0.035). These findings highlight that the multiple loss of ACBs may occur during the development of tumorigenesis and their coexpression in breast cancer is predictive of favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zeng
- Breast Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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69
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Abstract
Chemokine receptors adorn the surface of leukocytes and other cell types ready to translate the extracellular chemokine environment into functional cellular outcomes. However, there are several molecules that, in many respects, look like chemokine receptors, but which do not have the ability to confer chemotactic potential to cell lines. This apparent silence spurred the search for signalling-independent functions and led to the development of new paradigms of chemokine regulation. In this review, we summarise the experimental basis for these ideas focussing on DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules. We discuss data generated using in vitro systems and genetically deficient mice, include results from observational human studies, and summarise the key findings of recent research. We take a critical look at current models of in vivo function highlighting important gaps in our knowledge and demonstrating that there is still much to find out about these enigmatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A H Hansell
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Catherine E Hurson
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
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70
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The role of the CXC chemokines platelet factor-4 (CXCL4/PF-4) and its variant (CXCL4L1/PF-4var) in inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 22:1-18. [PMID: 21111666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites. They also affect tumor development and metastasis by acting as growth factor, by attracting pro- or anti-tumoral leukocytes or by influencing angiogenesis. Platelet factor-4 (CXCL4/PF-4) was the first chemokine shown to inhibit angiogenesis. CXCL4L1/PF-4var, recently isolated from thrombin-stimulated platelets, differing from authentic CXCL4/PF-4 in three carboxy-terminally located amino acids, was found to be more potent than CXCL4/PF-4 in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Both glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and CXCR3 are implicated in the activities of the PF-4 variants. This report reviews the current knowledge on the role of CXCL4/PF-4 and CXCL4L1/PF-4var in physiological and pathological processes. In particular, the role of CXCL4/PF-4 in cancer, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and atherosclerosis is described.
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71
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Varney ML, Singh S, Li A, Mayer-Ezell R, Bond R, Singh RK. Small molecule antagonists for CXCR2 and CXCR1 inhibit human colon cancer liver metastases. Cancer Lett 2010; 300:180-8. [PMID: 21035946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CXCR1 and CXCR2 are G-protein coupled receptors, that have been shown to play important role in tumor growth and metastasis, and are prime targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Here, we report that targeting CXCR2 and CXCR1 activity using orally active small molecule antagonist (SCH-527123, SCH-479833) inhibits human colon cancer liver metastasis mediated by decreased neovascularization and enhanced malignant cell apoptosis. There were no differences in primary tumor growth. These studies demonstrate the important role of CXCR2/1 in colon cancer metastasis and that inhibition of CXCR2 and CXCR1, small molecule antagonists provides a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Varney
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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72
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Smolarek D, Hattab C, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Cochet S, Gutiérrez C, de Brevern AG, Udomsangpetch R, Picot J, Grodecka M, Wasniowska K, Muyldermans S, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, Czerwinski M, Bertrand O. A recombinant dromedary antibody fragment (VHH or nanobody) directed against human Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3371-87. [PMID: 20458517 PMCID: PMC2966875 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fy blood group antigens are carried by the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), a red cells receptor for Plasmodium vivax broadly implicated in human health and diseases. Recombinant VHHs, or nanobodies, the smallest intact antigen binding fragment derivative from the heavy chain-only antibodies present in camelids, were prepared from a dromedary immunized against DARC N-terminal extracellular domain and selected for DARC binding. A described VHH, CA52, does recognize native DARC on cells. It inhibits P. vivax invasion of erythrocytes and displaces interleukin-8 bound to DARC. The targeted epitope overlaps the well-defined DARC Fy6 epitope. K (D) of CA52-DARC equilibrium is sub-nanomolar, hence ideal to develop diagnostic or therapeutic compounds. Immunocapture by immobilized CA52 yielded highly purified DARC from engineered K562 cells. This first report on a VHH with specificity for a red blood cell protein exemplifies VHHs' potentialities to target, to purify, and to modulate the function of cellular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Smolarek
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claude Hattab
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carlos Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Alexandre G. de Brevern
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Picot
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Grodecka
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera Wasniowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Colin
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- INSERM, UMR_S 665, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris7-Denis Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
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Hidalgo LG, Sis B, Sellares J, Campbell PM, Mengel M, Einecke G, Chang J, Halloran PF. NK cell transcripts and NK cells in kidney biopsies from patients with donor-specific antibodies: evidence for NK cell involvement in antibody-mediated rejection. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1812-22. [PMID: 20659089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanisms of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplants, we studied the transcripts expressed in clinically indicated biopsies from patients with donor-specific antibody (DSA). Comparison of biopsies from DSA-positive versus DSA-negative patients revealed 132 differentially expressed transcripts: all were associated with class II DSA but none with class I DSA. Many transcripts were expressed in DSA-positive ABMR but were also expressed in T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), reflecting shared molecular features. Removal of shared transcripts created 23 DSA selective transcripts (DSASTs). Some DSASTs (6/23) showed selective high expression in NK cells, whereas others (8/23) were expressed in endothelium or in endothelium plus other cell types (7/23). Of 145 biopsies ranked by DSAST expression, the 25 with highest DSAST expression primarily consisted of ABMR (22/25, 88%), either C4d-positive or C4d-negative. By immunostaining, CD56+ and CD68+ cells in peritubular capillaries, but not CD3+ cells, were increased in ABMR compared to TCMR, compatible with a role for NK cells, as well as macrophages, as effectors in endothelial injury during ABMR. Thus, the strategy of using DSASTs in the biopsy to identify mechanism-related transcripts in biopsies from patients with clinical phenotypes indicates the selective involvement of NK cells in ABMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Hidalgo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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74
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Smolarek D, Bertrand O, Czerwinski M, Colin Y, Etchebest C, de Brevern AG. Multiple interests in structural models of DARC transmembrane protein. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:184-96. [PMID: 20655787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is an unusual transmembrane chemokine receptor which (i) binds the two main chemokine families and (ii) does not transduct any signal as it lacks the DRY consensus sequence. It is considered as silent chemokine receptor, a tank useful for chemiotactism. DARC had been particularly studied as a major actor of malaria infection by Plasmodium vivax. It is also implicated in multiple chemokine inflammation, inflammatory diseases, in cancer and might play a role in HIV infection and AIDS. In this review, we focus on the interest to build structural model of DARC to understand more precisely its abilities to bind its physiological ligand CXCL8 and its malaria ligand. We also present innovative development on VHHs able to bind DARC protein. We underline difficulties and limitations of such bioinformatics approaches and highlight the crucial importance of biological data to conduct these kinds of researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smolarek
- Inserm UMR-S 665, dynamique des structures et interactions des macromolecules biologiques (DSIMB), 6, rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75739 Paris cedex 15, France
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75
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Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ménard D. Plasmodium vivax and the Duffy antigen: a paradigm revisited. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:176-83. [PMID: 20655790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Duffy blood group antigen is the portal of entry of the Plasmodiumvivax malaria parasite into human red blood cells and the receptor for a number of CXC and CC chemokines. We review here epidemiological data and evidence derived from therapeutic or experimental human infections associating P. vivax and the Duffy glycoprotein and laboratory studies indicating that P. vivax uses the Duffy antigen as a receptor to invade the red cell. We then review recent field observations indicating that the conclusion of the absolute dependence on the presence of Duffy on the red cell for P. vivax infection and development into the red cell no longer holds true and that in some parts of the world, P. vivax infects and causes disease in Duffy-negative people.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, unité d'immunologie moléculaire des parasites, 28, rue du Dr-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
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76
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Handel TM, Horuk R. Duffy antigen inhibitors: useful therapeutics for malaria? Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:329-33. [PMID: 20382562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax accounts for 65% of all cases of malaria in Asia and South America. Although not usually deadly, this form of malaria continues to inflict misery on the millions of sufferers who have been infected. The paucity of treatments for malaria, coupled with the emerging resistance of the parasite to anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine, demonstrates an urgent need to develop new and alternative approaches to combat this disease. In this perspective, we propose that the development of small molecule inhibitors of the Duffy antigen, the portal of infection of P. vivax, would be a novel and potentially effective approach for treating this form of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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77
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Bonecchi R, Savino B, Borroni EM, Mantovani A, Locati M. Chemokine decoy receptors: structure-function and biological properties. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 341:15-36. [PMID: 20373092 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines induce cell migration through the activation of a distinct family of structurally related heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Over the last few years, several receptors in this family that recognize chemokines but do not induce cell migration have been identified. These "atypical" chemokine receptors are unable to activate transduction events that lead directly to cell migration, but appear nonetheless to play a nonredundant role in the control of leukocyte recruitment at inflammatory sites and in tumors by shaping the chemoattractant gradient, either by removing, transporting, or concentrating their cognate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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78
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Babbitt CC, Silverman JS, Haygood R, Reininga JM, Rockman MV, Wray GA. Multiple Functional Variants in cis Modulate PDYN Expression. Mol Biol Evol 2009; 27:465-79. [PMID: 19910384 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding genetic variation and its functional consequences within cis-regulatory regions remains an important challenge in human genetics and evolution. Here, we present a fine-scale functional analysis of segregating variation within the cis-regulatory region of prodynorphin, a gene that encodes an endogenous opioid precursor with roles in cognition and disease. In order to characterize the functional consequences of segregating variation in cis in a region under balancing selection in different human populations, we examined associations between specific polymorphisms and gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We identified five polymorphisms within the 5' flanking region that affect transcript abundance: a 68-bp repeat recognized in prior studies, as well as two microsatellites and two single nucleotide polymorphisms not previously implicated as functional variants. The impact of these variants on transcription differs by brain region, sex, and cell type, implying interactions between cis genotype and the differentiated state of cells. The effects of individual variants on expression level are not additive in some combinations, implying epistatic interactions between nearby variants. These data reveal an unexpectedly complex relationship between segregating genetic variation and its expression-trait consequences and highlights the importance of close functional scrutiny of natural genetic variation within even relatively well-studied cis-regulatory regions.
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79
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Chizzolini C, Dayer JM, Miossec P. Cytokines in chronic rheumatic diseases: is everything lack of homeostatic balance? Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:246. [PMID: 19849823 PMCID: PMC2787274 DOI: 10.1186/ar2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems have powerful inbuilt mechanisms of control intended to maintain homeostasis. Cytokines are no exception to this rule, and imbalance in cytokine activities may lead to inflammation with subsequent tissue and organ damage, altered function, and death. Balance is achieved through multiple, not mutually exclusive, mechanisms including the simultaneous production of agonist and antagonistic cytokines, expression of soluble receptors or membrane-bound nonsignaling receptors, priming and/or reprogramming of signaling, and uncoupling of ligand/receptor pairing from signal transduction. Insight into cytokine balance is leading to novel therapeutic approaches particularly in autoimmune conditions, which are intimately linked to a dysregulated cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Chizzolini
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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80
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Abstract
The aggressiveness of malignant melanoma is associated with differential expression of CXCL-8 and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. However, the precise functional role of these receptors in melanoma progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the precise functional role of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in melanoma progression. CXCR1 or CXCR2 were stably overexpressed in human melanoma cell lines, SBC-2 (non-tumourigenic) and A375P (low-tumourigenic) exhibiting low endogenous expression of receptors. Functional assays were performed to study the resulting changes in cell proliferation, motility and invasion, and in vivo tumour growth using a mouse xenograft model. Our data demonstrated that CXCR1- or CXCR2-overexpressing SBC-2 and A375P melanoma cells had enhanced proliferation, chemotaxis and invasiveness in vitro. Interestingly, CXCR1 or CXCR2 overexpression in SBC-2 cells induced tumourigenicity, and A375P cells significantly enhanced tumour growth as examined in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses showed significantly increased tumour cell proliferation and microvessel density and reduced apoptosis in tumours generated from CXCR1- or CXCR2-overexpressing melanoma cells. CXCR1- or CXCR2-induced modulation of melanoma cell proliferation and migration was observed to be mediated through the activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Together, these studies demonstrate that CXCR1 and CXCR2 play essential role in growth, survival, motility and invasion of human melanoma.
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81
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82
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Shedding light on DARC: the role of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines in inflammation, infection and malignancy. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:431-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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83
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Singh S, Sadanandam A, Nannuru KC, Varney ML, Mayer-Ezell R, Bond R, Singh RK. Small-molecule antagonists for CXCR2 and CXCR1 inhibit human melanoma growth by decreasing tumor cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2380-6. [PMID: 19293256 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, accounts for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths and current therapeutic strategies are not effective in advanced disease. In the current study, we have investigated the efficacy of orally active small-molecule antagonist targeting CXCR2/CXCR1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human A375SM melanoma cells were treated with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123, and their effect on proliferation, motility, and invasion was evaluated in vitro. We examined the downstream signaling events in the cells following treatment with antagonists. For in vivo studies, A375SM cells were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice followed by administration of SCH-479833, SCH-527123, or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (20%) orally for 21 days and their effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis was evaluated. RESULTS Our data show that SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 inhibited the melanoma cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasive potential in vitro. Treatment of melanoma cells with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 also inhibited tumor growth. Histologic and histochemical analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) decreases in tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density in tumors. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in melanoma cell apoptosis in SCH-479833- or SCH-527123-treated animals compared with controls. CONCLUSION Together, these studies show that selectively targeting CXCR2/CXCR1 with orally active small-molecule inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach for inhibiting melanoma growth and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5845, USA
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84
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Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Hulver M, Ranganathan M, Liu XH, Oriss T, Fitzpatrick M, Rubin M, Triulzi D, Choi A, Lee JS. Loss of red cell chemokine scavenging promotes transfusion-related lung inflammation. Blood 2009; 113:1158-66. [PMID: 19064726 PMCID: PMC2635081 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-166264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red cell transfusions are associated with the development of acute lung injury in the critically ill. Recent evidence suggests that storage induced alterations of the red blood cell (RBC) collectively termed the "storage lesion" may be linked with adverse biologic consequences. Using a 2-event model of systemic endotoxemia followed by a secondary challenge of RBC transfusion, we investigated whether purified RBC concentrates from syngeneic C57BL/6 mice altered inflammatory responses in murine lungs. Transfusion of RBCs stored for 10 days increased neutrophil counts, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and chemokine (KC) concentrations in the airspaces, and lung microvascular permeability compared with transfusion of less than 1-day-old RBCs. Because RBCs have been shown to scavenge inflammatory chemokines through the blood group Duffy antigen, we investigated the expression and function of Duffy during storage. In banked human RBCs, both Duffy expression and chemokine scavenging function were reduced with increasing duration of storage. Transfusion of Duffy knockout RBCs into Duffy wild-type endotoxemic mice increased airspace neutrophils, inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and lung microvascular permeability compared with transfusion of Duffy wild-type RBCs. Thus, reduction in erythrocyte chemokine scavenging is one functional consequence of the storage lesion by which RBC transfusion can augment existing lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam S Mangalmurti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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85
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86
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Reich D, Nalls MA, Kao WHL, Akylbekova EL, Tandon A, Patterson N, Mullikin J, Hsueh WC, Cheng CY, Coresh J, Boerwinkle E, Li M, Waliszewska A, Neubauer J, Li R, Leak TS, Ekunwe L, Files JC, Hardy CL, Zmuda JM, Taylor HA, Ziv E, Harris TB, Wilson JG. Reduced neutrophil count in people of African descent is due to a regulatory variant in the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines gene. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000360. [PMID: 19180233 PMCID: PMC2628742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistently low white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil count is a well-described phenomenon in persons of African ancestry, whose etiology remains unknown. We recently used admixture mapping to identify an approximately 1-megabase region on chromosome 1, where ancestry status (African or European) almost entirely accounted for the difference in WBC between African Americans and European Americans. To identify the specific genetic change responsible for this association, we analyzed genotype and phenotype data from 6,005 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study, and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We demonstrate that the causal variant must be at least 91% different in frequency between West Africans and European Americans. An excellent candidate is the Duffy Null polymorphism (SNP rs2814778 at chromosome 1q23.2), which is the only polymorphism in the region known to be so differentiated in frequency and is already known to protect against Plasmodium vivax malaria. We confirm that rs2814778 is predictive of WBC and neutrophil count in African Americans above beyond the previously described admixture association (P = 3.8 x 10(-5)), establishing a novel phenotype for this genetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - W. H. Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ermeg L. Akylbekova
- Jackson Heart Study Analysis Group, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Arti Tandon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nick Patterson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Mullikin
- Comparative Genomics Unit, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alicja Waliszewska
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie Neubauer
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rongling Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tennille S. Leak
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Jackson Heart Study Analysis Group, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Joe C. Files
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Hardy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Tougaloo College, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- V.A. Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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87
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The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity. Nat Immunol 2008; 10:101-8. [PMID: 19060902 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) belongs to a family of 'silent' heptahelical chemokine receptors that do not couple to G proteins and fail to transmit measurable intracellular signals. DARC binds most inflammatory chemokines and is prominently expressed on venular endothelial cells, where its function has remained contentious. Here we show that DARC, like other silent receptors, internalized chemokines but did not effectively scavenge them. Instead, DARC mediated chemokine transcytosis, which led to apical retention of intact chemokines and more leukocyte migration across monolayers expressing DARC. Mice overexpressing DARC on blood vessel endothelium had enhanced chemokine-induced leukocyte extravasation and contact-hypersensitivity reactions. Thus, interactions of chemokines with DARC support their activity on apposing leukocytes in vitro and in vivo.
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88
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Vergara C, Tsai YJ, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Gao L, Hand T, Stockton M, Campbell M, Mercado D, Faruque M, Dunston G, Beaty TH, Oliveira RR, Ponte EV, Cruz AA, Carvalho E, Araujo MI, Watson H, Schleimer RP, Caraballo L, Nickel RG, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is associated with asthma and IgE in three populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:1017-22. [PMID: 18827265 PMCID: PMC2582596 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma prevalence and severity are high among underserved minorities, including those of African descent. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax on erythrocytes and functions as a chemokine-clearing receptor. Unlike European populations, decreased expression of the receptor on erythrocytes is common among populations of African descent, and results from a functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter. This variant provides an evolutionary advantage in malaria-endemic regions, because Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines-negative erythrocytes are more resistant to infection by P. vivax. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of the rs2814778 polymorphism in asthma and atopy as measured by total serum IgE levels among four populations of African descent (African Caribbean, African American, Brazilian, and Colombian) and a European American population. METHODS Family-based association tests were performed in each of the five populations to test for association between the rs2814778 polymorphism and asthma or total IgE concentration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Asthma was significantly associated with the rs2814778 polymorphism in the African Caribbean, Colombian, and Brazilian families (P < 0.05). High total IgE levels were associated with this variant in African Caribbean and Colombian families (P < 0.05). The variant allele was not polymorphic among European Americans. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to asthma and atopy among certain populations of African descent is influenced by a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. This genetic variant, which confers resistance to malarial parasitic infection, may also partially explain ethnic differences in morbidity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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89
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Grann VR, Ziv E, Joseph CK, Neugut AI, Wei Y, Jacobson JS, Horwitz MS, Bowman N, Beckmann K, Hershman DL. Duffy (Fy), DARC, and neutropenia among women from the United States, Europe and the Caribbean. Br J Haematol 2008; 143:288-93. [PMID: 18710383 PMCID: PMC2655355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenia associated with race/ethnicity has essentially been unexplained and, although thought to be benign, may affect therapy for cancer or other illnesses. A recent study linked a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2814778) in the Duffy antigen/receptor chemokine gene (DARC) with white blood cell count. We therefore analysed the association of the rs2814778 CC, TC and TT genotypes with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) among asymptomatic women from the Caribbean, Europe and the United States. Among 261 study participants, 33/47 women from Barbados/Trinidad-Tobago, 34/49 from Haiti, 26/37 from Jamaica, and 29/38 US-born black women, but only 4/50 from the Dominican Republic and 0/40 US- or European-born whites (P = 0.0001) had the CC genotype. In a linear regression model that included percentage African ancestry, national origin, cytokines, socio-economic factors and the ELA2 rs57834246 SNP, only the DARC rs2814778 genotype and C-reactive protein were associated with ANC (P < 0.0001). Women with the CC genotype had lower ANC than other women. Further research is needed on the associations of rs2814778 genotype with neutropenia and treatment delay in the setting of cancer. A better understanding of these associations may help to improve cancer outcomes among individuals of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Grann
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Policy, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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90
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Potokina E, Druka A, Luo Z, Moscou M, Wise R, Waugh R, Kearsey M. Tissue-dependent limited pleiotropy affects gene expression in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:287-296. [PMID: 18643973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-synonymous coding mutations in a gene change the resulting protein, no matter where it is expressed, but the effects of cis-regulatory mutations could be spatially or temporally limited - a phenomenon termed limited pleiotropy. Here, we report the genome-wide occurrence of limited pleiotropy of cis-regulatory mutations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using Affymetrix analysis of 22,840 genes in a population of 139 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between the cultivars Steptoe (St) and Morex (Mx). We identified robust cis-acting expression regulators that segregate as major genes in two successive ontogenetic stages: germinating embryo tissues and seedling leaves from the embryonic axis. We show that these polymorphisms may be consistent in both tissues or may cause a dramatic change in transcript abundance in one tissue but not in another. We also show that the parental allele that increases expression can vary with the tissue, suggesting nucleotide polymorphism in enhancer sequences. Because of the limited pleiotropy of cis-regulating mutations, the number of cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) discovered by 'genetical genomics' is strongly affected by the particular tissue or developmental stage studied. Given that limited pleiotropy is a common feature of cis-regulatory mutations in barley, we predict that the phenomenon would be relevant to developmental and/or tissue-specific interactions across wide taxonomic boundaries in both plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Potokina
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Arnis Druka
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Zewei Luo
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Matthew Moscou
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Roger Wise
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Robbie Waugh
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
| | - Mike Kearsey
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK,Laboratory of Population & Quantitative Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program & Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA, andCorn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA
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91
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Vandercappellen J, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 267:226-44. [PMID: 18579287 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors have been discovered as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites and to secondary lymphoid organs. Besides their functions in the immune system, they also play a critical role in tumor initiation, promotion and progression. There are four subgroups of chemokines: CXC, CC, CX(3)C, and C chemokine ligands. The CXC or alpha subgroup is further subdivided in the ELR(+) and ELR(-) chemokines. Members that contain the ELR motif bind to CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and are angiogenic. In contrast, most of the CXC chemokines without ELR motif bind to CXCR3 and are angiostatic. An exception is the angiogenic ELR(-)CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1), which binds to CXCR4 and CXCR7 and is implicated in tumor metastasis. This review is focusing on the role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, attraction of leukocytes to tumor sites and induction of tumor cell migration and homing in metastatic sites. Finally, their therapeutic use in cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Vandercappellen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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92
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Bonecchi R, Borroni EM, Savino B, Buracchi C, Mantovani A, Locati M. Non-signaling chemokine receptors: mechanism of action and role in vivo. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 198:14-9. [PMID: 18513804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is fundamental for numerous biological processes and is critical for the pathogenesis of several diseases. Chemokines represent the main class of mediators providing cell directional migration and several levels of regulation of their function have been identified. A subfamily of chemokine receptors not able to transduce chemotactic signals plays an important role in the control of chemokine concentrations through binding, internalization and degradation of chemotactic factors. Here we review in vitro and in vivo evidences indicating that these 'silent' chemokine receptors represent a strategy to regulate innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS Via Manzoni 113, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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93
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Afenyi-Annan A, Kail M, Combs MR, Orringer EP, Ashley-Koch A, Telen MJ. Lack of Duffy antigen expression is associated with organ damage in patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 2008; 48:917-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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94
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Horuk R, Peiper SC. Review Biologicals & Immunologicals; The Chemokine Receptor Family. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.5.11.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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95
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Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the possible involvement of chemokines and their receptors in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Chemokines and their receptors constitute a superfamily of signalling factors whose prognosis value in breast cancer progression remains unclear. We will examine here the expression pattern of chemokines and their receptors in mammary gland physiology and carcinogenesis. The nature of the cells producing chemokines or harboring chemokine receptors appears to be crucial in certain conditions for example, the infiltration of the primary tumor by leukocytes and angiogenesis. In addition, chemokines, their receptors and the interaction with glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) are key players in the homing of cancer cells to distant metastasis sites. Several lines of evidence, including in vitro and in vivo models, suggest that the mechanism of action of chemokines in cancer development involves the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, leukocyte recruitment or angiogenesis. Furthermore, we will discuss the regulation of chemokine network in tumor neovascularity by decoy receptors. The reasons accounting for the deregulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in breast cancer are certainly crucial for the comprehension of chemokine role in breast cancer and are in several cases linked to estrogen receptor status. The targeting of chemokines and chemokine receptors by antibodies, small molecule antagonists, viral chemokine binding proteins and heparins appears as promising tracks to develop therapeutic strategies. Thus there is significant interest in developing strategies to antagonize the chemokine function, and an opportunity to interfere with metastasis, the leading cause of death in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simi Ali
- School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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96
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Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) attenuates angiogenesis by causing senescence in endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2007; 10:307-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-007-9084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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97
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Horton LW, Yu Y, Zaja-Milatovic S, Strieter RM, Richmond A. Opposing roles of murine duffy antigen receptor for chemokine and murine CXC chemokine receptor-2 receptors in murine melanoma tumor growth. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9791-9. [PMID: 17942909 PMCID: PMC2668258 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) has been classified as a "silent" receptor, as it can bind CXC and CC chemokines to undergo ligand-induced receptor internalization, but is not coupled to trimeric G proteins required for the classic G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling. CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) has been shown to play a major role in tumor angiogenesis. To test the hypothesis that these two chemokine receptors might play opposing roles in the growth of melanoma tumors, we developed a transgenic mouse model, where the preproendothelin promoter/enhancer (PPEP) is used to drive expression of either murine DARC (mDARC) or murine CXCR2 (mCXCR2) in endothelial cells. We show herein that the growth of melanoma tumor xenografts, established from s.c. injection of immortalized murine melanocytes overexpressing macrophage inflammatory protein-2, was inhibited or enhanced in the PPEP-mDARC and PPEP-mCXCR2 transgenic mice, respectively, compared with control mice. The early tumors formed in mDARC transgenic mice exhibited a significantly higher number of infiltrating leukocytes compared with either the control or mCXCR2 transgenic mice, suggesting a potential role for DARC expressed on endothelial cells in leukocyte migration. In addition, the tumor-associated angiogenesis in mDARC transgenic mice was reduced when compared with the control. Conversely, tumor angiogenesis was significantly increased in mCXCR2 transgenic mice. Results indicate that endothelial cell overexpression of mDARC increased leukocyte trafficking to the tumor, reduced the growth of blood vessels into the tumor, and reduced the growth rate of the tumor, whereas endothelial cell overexpression of mCXCR2 had the reverse effect on tumor angiogenesis and growth.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Mice
- Cell Growth Processes/physiology
- Duffy Blood-Group System/biosynthesis
- Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics
- Duffy Blood-Group System/physiology
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda W. Horton
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yingchun Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Snjezana Zaja-Milatovic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert M. Strieter
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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98
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Zarbock A, Schmolke M, Bockhorn SG, Scharte M, Buschmann K, Ley K, Singbartl K. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in acute renal failure: A facilitator of renal chemokine presentation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2156-63. [PMID: 17855830 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000280570.82885.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute renal failure remains a major challenge in critical care medicine. Both neutrophils and chemokines have been proposed as key components in the development of acute renal failure. Although the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is present in several tissues and a highly specific ligand for various chemokines, its exact role in vivo remains unclear. DESIGN Prospective, controlled experimental study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. SUBJECTS C57BL/6 wild-type and DARC gene-deficient mice (DARC-/-). INTERVENTIONS To unravel the functional relevance of DARC in vivo, we compared wild-type and DARC-/- using neutrophil-dependent models of acute renal failure, induced by either local (renal ischemia-reperfusion) or systemic (endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide) injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations served as indicators of renal function or dysfunction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure tissue and plasma chemokine concentrations. We also performed immunostaining to localize chemokine expression and flow cytometry to evaluate neutrophil recruitment into the kidney. Following renal injury, wild-type mice developed moderate renal ischemia-reperfusion(lipopolysaccharide, 300% increase in plasma creatinine concentrations) to severe acute renal failure (renal ischemia-reperfusion, 40% mortality) as well as extensive renal neutrophil recruitment. DARC-/- mice exhibited no renal dysfunction (renal ischemia-reperfusion) or only very mild renal dysfunction (lipopolysaccharide, 20% increase in serum creatinine concentrations). DARC-/- mice showed no postischemic neutrophil infiltration. Although DARC-/- and wild-type mice exhibited similar global renal neutrophil-recruitment during endotoxemia, DARC-/- mice showed significantly impaired neutrophil extravasation. Total renal concentrations of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2, which has been shown to bind to DARC and to be crucial in postischemic acute renal failure, were either identical (lipopolysaccharide) or only moderately different (renal ischemia-reperfusion) between wild-type and DARC-/- mice. Immunostaining revealed an absence of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in renal endothelial cells of DARC-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that DARC predominantly exerts its effects by controlling spatial chemokine distribution, which in turn regulates neutrophil recruitment and subsequent acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany
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99
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Castilho
- Hemocentro, Unicamp, Campinas, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Cidade Universitária Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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100
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Arepally GM, Poncz M, Cines DB. Immune Vascular Injury in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA 2007. [DOI: 10.3109/9781420045093.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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