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Li L, Tian F, Chang H, Zhang J, Wang C, Rao W, Hu H. Interactions of Bacteria With Monolithic Lateral Silicon Nanospikes Inside a Microfluidic Channel. Front Chem 2019; 7:483. [PMID: 31355180 PMCID: PMC6640657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a new strategy of integrating lateral silicon nanospikes using metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) on the sidewall of micropillars for on-chip bacterial study. Silicon nanospikes have been reported to be able to kill bacteria without using chemicals and offer a new route to kill bacteria and can prevent the overuse of antibiotics to reduce bacteria. We demonstrated a new methodology to fabricate a chip with integrated silicon nanospikes onto the sidewalls of micropillars inside the microfluidic channel and attested its interactions with the representative gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The results of colony-forming unit (CFU) calculation showed that 80% bacteria lost their viability after passing through the chip. Moreover, the results of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement indicated that the chip with lateral silicon nanospikes could extract more than two times ATP contents compared with the chip without lateral silicon nanospikes, showing potential for using the chip with lateral silicon nanospikes as a bacterial lysing module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- ZJU-UIUC Institute (ZJUI), Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chang
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Wei Rao
- CAS Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Hu
- ZJU-UIUC Institute (ZJUI), Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
The prevention of infectious diseases is a global challenge where multidrug-resistant bacteria or "superbugs" pose a serious threat to worldwide public health. Microtopographic surfaces have attracted much attention as they represent a biomimetic and nontoxic surface antibacterial strategy to replace biocides. The antimicrobial effect of such natural and biomimetic surface nanostructures involves a physical approach which eradicates bacteria via the structural features of the surfaces without any release of biocides or chemicals. These recent developments present a significant proof-of-concept and a powerful tool in which cellular adhesion and death caused by a physical approach, can be controlled by the micro/nanotopology of such surfaces. This represents an innovative direction of development of clean, effective and nonresistant antimicrobial surfaces. The minireview will cover novel approaches for the construction of nanostructures on surfaces in order to create antimicrobial surface in an environmentally friendly, nontoxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Yi
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Siti Nurhanna Riduan
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yuan Yuan
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yugen Zhang
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
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Dunseath O, Smith EJW, Al-Jeda T, Smith JA, King S, May PW, Nobbs AH, Hazell G, Welch CC, Su B. Studies of Black Diamond as an antibacterial surface for Gram Negative bacteria: the interplay between chemical and mechanical bactericidal activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8815. [PMID: 31217508 PMCID: PMC6584650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
'Black silicon' (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of length ~5 µm were fabricated using a plasma etching process and then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) nanostructures. The diamond needles were then chemically terminated with H, O, NH2 or F using plasma treatment, and the hydrophilicity of the resulting surfaces were assessed using water droplet contact-angle measurements, and scaled in the order O > H ≈NH2 >F, with the F-terminated surface being superhydrophobic. The effectiveness of these differently terminated bD needles in killing the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli was semi-quantified by Live/Dead staining and fluorescence microscopy, and visualised by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The total number of adhered bacteria was consistent for all the nanostructured bD surfaces at around 50% of the value for the flat diamond control. This, combined with a chemical bactericidal effect of 20-30%, shows that the nanostructured bD surfaces supported significantly fewer viable E. coli than flat surfaces. Moreover, the bD surfaces were particularly effective at preventing the establishment of bacterial aggregates - a precursor to biofilm formation. The percentage of dead bacteria also decreased as a function of hydrophilicity. These results are consistent with a predominantly mechanical mechanism for bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, combined with an additional effect from the chemical nature of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dunseath
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - E J W Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - T Al-Jeda
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - S King
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
| | - A H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - G Hazell
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - C C Welch
- Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, Yatton, Bristol, BS49 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - B Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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54
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Ryu M, Honda R, Cernescu A, Vailionis A, Balčytis A, Vongsvivut J, Li JL, Linklater DP, Ivanova EP, Mizeikis V, Tobin MJ, Morikawa J, Juodkazis S. Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:922-929. [PMID: 31165019 PMCID: PMC6541335 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale composition of silk defining its unique properties via a hierarchial structural anisotropy needs to be analysed at the highest spatial resolution of tens of nanometers corresponding to the size of fibrils made of β-sheets, which are the crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2-10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1-2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguya Ryu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Reo Honda
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | | | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu street 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Armandas Balčytis
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jing-Liang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Vygantas Mizeikis
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Naka-ku, 3-5-3-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Junko Morikawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
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55
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Elbourne A, Chapman J, Gelmi A, Cozzolino D, Crawford RJ, Truong VK. Bacterial-nanostructure interactions: The role of cell elasticity and adhesion forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 546:192-210. [PMID: 30921674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of single-celled organisms, namely bacteria and fungi, to abiotic surfaces is of great interest to both the scientific and medical communities. This is because the interaction of such cells has important implications in a range of areas, including biofilm formation, biofouling, antimicrobial surface technologies, and bio-nanotechnologies, as well as infection development, control, and mitigation. While central to many biological phenomena, the factors which govern microbial surface attachment are still not fully understood. This lack of understanding is a direct consequence of the complex nature of cell-surface interactions, which can involve both specific and non-specific interactions. For applications involving micro- and nano-structured surfaces, developing an understanding of such phenomenon is further complicated by the diverse nature of surface architectures, surface chemistry, variation in cellular physiology, and the intended technological output. These factors are extremely important to understand in the emerging field of antibacterial nanostructured surfaces. The aim of this perspective is to re-frame the discussion surrounding the mechanism of nanostructured-microbial surface interactions. Broadly, the article reviews our current understanding of these phenomena, while highlighting the knowledge gaps surrounding the adhesive forces which govern bacterial-nanostructure interactions and the role of cell membrane rigidity in modulating surface activity. The roles of surface charge, cell rigidity, and cell-surface adhesion force in bacterial-surface adsorption are discussed in detail. Presently, most studies have overlooked these areas, which has left many questions unanswered. Further, this perspective article highlights the numerous experimental issues and misinterpretations which surround current studies of antibacterial nanostructured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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56
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Cheeseman S, Truong VK, Walter V, Thalmann F, Marques CM, Hanssen E, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Baulin VA, Juodkazis S, Maclaughlin S, Bryant G, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Interaction of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with the Surface Nanostructures on Dragonfly Wings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2422-2430. [PMID: 30628784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The waxy epicuticle of dragonfly wings contains a unique nanostructured pattern that exhibits bactericidal properties. In light of emerging concerns of antibiotic resistance, these mechano-bactericidal surfaces represent a particularly novel solution by which bacterial colonization and the formation of biofilms on biomedical devices can be prevented. Pathogenic bacterial biofilms on medical implant surfaces cause a significant number of human deaths every year. The proposed mechanism of bactericidal activity is through mechanical cell rupture; however, this is not yet well understood and has not been well characterized. In this study, we used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a simplified cell membrane model to investigate the nature of their interaction with the surface of the wings of two dragonfly species, Austrothemis nigrescens and Trithemis annulata, sourced from Victoria, Australia, and the Baix Ebre and Terra Alta regions of Catalonia, Spain. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to visualize the interactions between the GUVs and the wing surfaces. When exposed to both natural and gold-coated wing surfaces, the GUVs were adsorbed on the surface, exhibiting significant deformation, in the process of membrane rupture. Differences between the tensile rupture limit of GUVs composed of 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and the isotropic tension generated from the internal osmotic pressure were used to indirectly determine the membrane tensions, generated by the nanostructures present on the wing surfaces. These were estimated as being in excess of 6.8 mN m-1, the first experimental estimate of such mechano-bactericidal surfaces. This simple model provides a convenient bottom-up approach toward understanding and characterizing the bactericidal properties of nanostructured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cheeseman
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Vivien Walter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR022 , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex , France
| | - Fabrice Thalmann
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR022 , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex , France
| | - Carlos M Marques
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR022 , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex , France
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Rd , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica , Universitat Rovira, Virgili , 26 Av. dels Paisos Catalans , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - Shane Maclaughlin
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
- BlueScope Steel Research , Port Kembla , New South Wales 2505 , Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
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57
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Elbourne A, Coyle VE, Truong VK, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Bhargava SK, Ivanova EP, Crawford RJ. Multi-directional electrodeposited gold nanospikes for antibacterial surface applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:203-212. [PMID: 36132449 PMCID: PMC9473181 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures across surfaces has been widely reported to impart antibacterial characteristics to a substratum. This occurs because the presence of such nanostructures can induce the mechanical rupture of attaching bacteria, causing cell death. As such, the development of high-efficacy antibacterial nano-architectures fabricated on a variety of biologically relevant materials is critical to the wider acceptance of this technology. In this study, we report the antibacterial behavior of a series of substrata containing multi-directional electrodeposited gold (Au) nanospikes, as both a function of deposition time and precursor concentration. Firstly, the bactericidal efficacy of substrata containing Au nanospikes was assessed as a function of deposition time to elucidate the nanopattern that exhibited the greatest degree of biocidal activity. Here, it was established that multi-directional nanospikes with an average height of ∼302 nm ± 57 nm (formed after a deposition time of 540 s) exhibited the greatest level of biocidal activity, with ∼88% ± 8% of the bacterial cells being inactivated. The deposition time was then kept constant, while the concentration of the HAuCl4 and Pb(CH3COO)2 precursor materials (used for the formation of the Au nanospikes) was varied, resulting in differing nanospike architectures. Altering the Pb(CH3COO)2 precursor concentration produced multi-directional nanostructures with a wider distribution of heights, which increased the average antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Importantly, the in situ electrochemical fabrication method used in this work is robust and straightforward, and is able to produce highly reproducible antibacterial surfaces. The results of this research will assist in the wider utilization of mechano-responsive nano-architectures for antimicrobial surface technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Victoria E Coyle
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology Haw-thorn VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
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58
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Bactericidal effects of nanopatterns: A systematic review. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:29-36. [PMID: 30273746 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We systematically reviewed the currently available evidence on how the design parameters of surface nanopatterns (e.g. height, diameter, and interspacing) relate to their bactericidal behavior. The systematic search of the literature resulted in 46 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria of examining the bactericidal behavior of nanopatterns with known design parameters in absence of antibacterial agents. Twelve of the included studies also assessed the cytocompatibility of the nanopatterns. Natural and synthetic nanopatterns with a wide range of design parameters were reported in the included studies to exhibit bactericidal behavior. However, most design parameters were in the following ranges: heights of 100-1000 nm, diameters of 10-300 nm, and interspacings of <500 nm. The most commonly used type of nanopatterns were nanopillars, which could kill bacteria in the following range of design parameters: heights of 100-900 nm, diameters of 20-207 nm, and interspacings of 9-380 nm. The vast majority of the cytocompatibility studies (11 out of 12) showed no adverse effects of bactericidal nanopatterns with the only exception being nanopatterns with extremely high aspect ratios. The paper concludes with a discussion on the evidence available in the literature regarding the killing mechanisms of nanopatterns and the effects of other parameters including surface affinity of bacteria, cell size, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) on the killing efficiency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of nanopatterns to kill bacteria without the need for antibiotics represents a rapidly growing area of research. However, the optimum design parameters to maximize the bactericidal behavior of such physical features need to be fully identified. The present manuscript provides a systematic review of the bactericidal nanopatterned surfaces. Identifying the effective range of dimensions in terms of height, diameter, and interspacings, as well as covering their impact on mammalian cells, has enabled a comprehensive discussion including the bactericidal mechanisms and the factors controlling the bactericidal efficiency. Overall, this review helps the readers have a better understanding of the state-of-the-art in the design of bactericidal nanopatterns, serving as a design guideline and contributing to the design of future experimental studies.
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59
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Velic A, Tesfamichael T, Li Z, Yarlagadda PK. Parametric Study on Nanopattern Bactericidal Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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60
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Mas-Moruno C, Su B, Dalby MJ. Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801103. [PMID: 30468010 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In biomaterials science, it is nowadays well accepted that improving the biointegration of dental and orthopedic implants with surrounding tissues is a major goal. However, implant surfaces that support osteointegration may also favor colonization of bacterial cells. Infection of biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation can have devastating effects and reduce patient quality of life, representing an emerging concern in healthcare. Conversely, efforts toward inhibiting bacterial colonization may impair biomaterial-tissue integration. Therefore, to improve the long-term success of medical implants, biomaterial surfaces should ideally discourage the attachment of bacteria without affecting eukaryotic cell functions. However, most current strategies seldom investigate a combined goal. This work reviews recent strategies of surface modification to simultaneously address implant biointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. To this end, two emerging solutions are considered, multifunctional chemical coatings and nanotopographical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC); Barcelona 08019 Spain
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School; University of Bristol; Bristol BS1 2LY UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 UK
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61
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Influence of surface topography on bacterial adhesion: A review (Review). Biointerphases 2018; 13:060801. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5054057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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62
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Luan Y, Liu S, Pihl M, van der Mei HC, Liu J, Hizal F, Choi CH, Chen H, Ren Y, Busscher HJ. Bacterial interactions with nanostructured surfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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63
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Tan X, Tao Z, Yu M, Wu H, Li H. Anti-Reflectance Optimization of Secondary Nanostructured Black Silicon Grown on Micro-Structured Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E385. [PMID: 30424318 PMCID: PMC6187304 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its extremely low light absorption, black silicon has been widely investigated and reported in recent years, and simultaneously applied to various disciplines. Black silicon is, in general, fabricated on flat surfaces based on the silicon substrate. However, with three normal fabrication methods-plasma dry etching, metal-assisted wet etching, and femtosecond laser pulse etching-black silicon cannot perform easily due to its lowest absorption and thus some studies remained in the laboratory stage. This paper puts forward a novel secondary nanostructured black silicon, which uses the dry-wet hybrid fabrication method to achieve secondary nanostructures. In consideration of the influence of the structure's size, this paper fabricated different sizes of secondary nanostructured black silicon and compared their absorptions with each other. A total of 0.5% reflectance and 98% absorption efficiency of the pit sample were achieved with a diameter of 117.1 μm and a depth of 72.6 μm. In addition, the variation tendency of the absorption efficiency is not solely monotone increasing or monotone decreasing, but firstly increasing and then decreasing. By using a statistical image processing method, nanostructures with diameters between 20 and 30 nm are the majority and nanostructures with a diameter between 10 and 40 nm account for 81% of the diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhi Tao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Mingxing Yu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hanxiao Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Haiwang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing 100191, China.
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64
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Linklater DP, De Volder M, Baulin VA, Werner M, Jessl S, Golozar M, Maggini L, Rubanov S, Hanssen E, Juodkazis S, Ivanova EP. High Aspect Ratio Nanostructures Kill Bacteria via Storage and Release of Mechanical Energy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6657-6667. [PMID: 29851466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The threat of a global rise in the number of untreatable infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria calls for the design and fabrication of a new generation of bactericidal materials. Here, we report a concept for the design of antibacterial surfaces, whereby cell death results from the ability of the nanofeatures to deflect when in contact with attaching cells. We show, using three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, that the exceptionally high aspect ratio (100-3000) of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) imparts extreme flexibility, which enhances the elastic energy storage in CNTs as they bend in contact with bacteria. Our experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that, for high aspect ratio structures, the bending energy stored in the CNTs is a substantial factor for the physical rupturing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest bactericidal rates (99.3% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 84.9% for Staphylococcus aureus) were obtained by modifying the length of the VACNTs, allowing us to identify the optimal substratum properties to kill different types of bacteria efficiently. This work highlights that the bactericidal activity of high aspect ratio nanofeatures can outperform both natural bactericidal surfaces and other synthetic nanostructured multifunctional surfaces reported in previous studies. The present systems exhibit the highest bactericidal activity of a CNT-based substratum against a Gram-negative bacterium reported to date, suggesting the possibility of achieving close to 100% bacterial inactivation on VACNT-based substrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - Michael De Volder
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Department d'Enginyeria Quimica , Universitat Rovira, Virgili , 26 Av. dels Paisos Catalans , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Marco Werner
- Department d'Enginyeria Quimica , Universitat Rovira, Virgili , 26 Av. dels Paisos Catalans , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Sarah Jessl
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Golozar
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Laura Maggini
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Rubanov
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Rd , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Institute , University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Rd , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
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65
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Hazell G, May PW, Taylor P, Nobbs AH, Welch CC, Su B. Studies of black silicon and black diamond as materials for antibacterial surfaces. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1424-1432. [PMID: 29611852 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
'Black silicon' (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of varying length, areal density and sharpness, have been fabricated using a plasma etching process. These nanostructures were then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) surfaces. The effectiveness of these bSi and bD surfaces in killing Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. gordonii) bacteria was investigated by culturing the bacteria on the surfaces for a set time and then measuring the live-to-dead ratio. All the nanostructured surfaces killed E. coli at a significantly higher rate than the respective flat Si or diamond control samples. The length of the needles was found to be less important than their separation, i.e. areal density. This is consistent with a model for mechanical bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, enhanced by the cells motility on the surfaces. In contrast, S. gordonii were unaffected by the nanostructured surfaces, possibly due to their smaller size, thicker cell membrane and/or their lack of motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hazell
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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66
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Tan X, Tao Z, Yu M, Wu H, Li H. Anti-reflectance investigation of a micro-nano hybrid structure fabricated by dry/wet etching methods. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7863. [PMID: 29777186 PMCID: PMC5959869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Black silicon fabrication and manipulation have been well reported by institutes around the world and are quite useful for solar absorption and photovoltaic conversion. In this study, silicon micro-nano hybrid structures were fabricated, and the morphologies of the hybrid structures were analyzed. This paper studied nanostructures formed on tips, pits and a flat surface using a dry etching method and a wet etching method. In terms of nanostructure morphology, nanostructures etched by the wet etching method (13 μm) were taller than those etched by the dry etching method (1 μm), but the wet etched morphology was less organized. After the nanostructures were grown, six samples with nano sturctures and three samples with micro sturctures were measured by a photometer for reflectivity testing. The nine samples were compared and analyzed using the integral of reflectivity and solar emissivity at the earth's surface. The results show that the nanostructures grown on a tip surface using the wet etching method had the minimum reflectivity in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1100 nm, in consideration of the forbidden energy gap of silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beijing, 100191, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi Tao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beijing, 100191, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingxing Yu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beijing, 100191, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hanxiao Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beijing, 100191, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haiwang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beijing, 100191, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines of China, Beijing, 100191, China.
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67
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Damiati L, Eales MG, Nobbs AH, Su B, Tsimbouri PM, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ. Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418790694. [PMID: 30116518 PMCID: PMC6088466 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418790694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcus G Eales
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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68
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Bhadra CM, Werner M, Baulin VA, Truong VK, Kobaisi MA, Nguyen SH, Balcytis A, Juodkazis S, Wang JY, Mainwaring DE, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Subtle Variations in Surface Properties of Black Silicon Surfaces Influence the Degree of Bactericidal Efficiency. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:36. [PMID: 30393685 PMCID: PMC6199077 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges faced by the biomedical industry is the development of robust synthetic surfaces that can resist bacterial colonization. Much inspiration has been drawn recently from naturally occurring mechano-bactericidal surfaces such as the wings of cicada (Psaltoda claripennis) and dragonfly (Diplacodes bipunctata) species in fabricating their synthetic analogs. However, the bactericidal activity of nanostructured surfaces is observed in a particular range of parameters reflecting the geometry of nanostructures and surface wettability. Here, several of the nanometer-scale characteristics of black silicon (bSi) surfaces including the density and height of the nanopillars that have the potential to influence the bactericidal efficiency of these nanostructured surfaces have been investigated. The results provide important evidence that minor variations in the nanoarchitecture of substrata can substantially alter their performance as bactericidal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Bhadra
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Marco Werner
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Song Ha Nguyen
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Armandas Balcytis
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - James Y Wang
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - David E Mainwaring
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | | | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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69
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Elbourne A, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Nano-structured antimicrobial surfaces: From nature to synthetic analogues. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 508:603-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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70
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Linklater DP, Juodkazis S, Ivanova EP. Nanofabrication of mechano-bactericidal surfaces. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16564-16585. [PMID: 29082999 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The search for alternatives to the standard methods of preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces alike has led to the use of biomimetics to reinvent through nanofabrication methods, surfaces, whereby the nanostructured topography is directly responsible for bacterial inactivation through physico-mechanical means. Plant leaves, insect wings, and animal skin have been used to inspire the fabrication of synthetic high-aspect-ratio nanopillared surfaces, which can resist bacterial colonisation. The adaptation of bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms on conventional antibacterial surfaces has led to an increase in persistent infections caused by resistant strains of bacteria. This presents a worldwide health epidemic that can only be mitigated through the search for a new generation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
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71
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Jaggessar A, Shahali H, Mathew A, Yarlagadda PKDV. Bio-mimicking nano and micro-structured surface fabrication for antibacterial properties in medical implants. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:64. [PMID: 28969628 PMCID: PMC5625685 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic and dental implants have become a staple of the medical industry and with an ageing population and growing culture for active lifestyles, this trend is forecast to continue. In accordance with the increased demand for implants, failure rates, particularly those caused by bacterial infection, need to be reduced. The past two decades have led to developments in antibiotics and antibacterial coatings to reduce revision surgery and death rates caused by infection. The limited effectiveness of these approaches has spurred research into nano-textured surfaces, designed to mimic the bactericidal properties of some animal, plant and insect species, and their topographical features. This review discusses the surface structures of cicada, dragonfly and butterfly wings, shark skin, gecko feet, taro and lotus leaves, emphasising the relationship between nano-structures and high surface contact angles on self-cleaning and bactericidal properties. Comparison of these surfaces shows large variations in structure dimension and configuration, indicating that there is no one particular surface structure that exhibits bactericidal behaviour against all types of microorganisms. Recent bio-mimicking fabrication methods are explored, finding hydrothermal synthesis to be the most commonly used technique, due to its environmentally friendly nature and relative simplicity compared to other methods. In addition, current proposed bactericidal mechanisms between bacteria cells and nano-textured surfaces are presented and discussed. These models could be improved by including additional parameters such as biological cell membrane properties, adhesion forces, bacteria dynamics and nano-structure mechanical properties. This paper lastly reviews the mechanical stability and cytotoxicity of micro and nano-structures and materials. While the future of nano-biomaterials is promising, long-term effects of micro and nano-structures in the body must be established before nano-textures can be used on orthopaedic implant surfaces as way of inhibiting bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jaggessar
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hesam Shahali
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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72
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Linklater DP, Juodkazis S, Rubanov S, Ivanova EP. Comment on "Bactericidal Effects of Natural Nanotopography of Dragonfly Wing on Escherichia coli". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29387-29393. [PMID: 28799744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victory 3122, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victory 3122, Australia
| | - Sergey Rubanov
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Road, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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