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Mohan AMV, Windmiller JR, Mishra RK, Wang J. Continuous minimally-invasive alcohol monitoring using microneedle sensor arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:574-579. [PMID: 28088750 PMCID: PMC5323319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes an attractive skin-worn microneedle sensing device for the minimally invasive electrochemical monitoring of subcutaneous alcohol. The device consists of an assembly of pyramidal microneedle structures integrated with Pt and Ag wires, each with a microcavity opening. The microneedle aperture was modified by electropolymerizing o-phenylene diamine onto the Pt wire microtransducer, followed by the immobilization of alcohol oxidase (AOx) in an intermediate chitosan layer, along with an outer Nafion layer. The resulting microneedle-based enzyme electrode displays an interference-free ethanol detection in artificial interstitial fluid without compromising its sensitivity, stability and response time. The skin penetration ability and the efficaciousness of the biosensor performance towards subcutaneous alcohol monitoring was substantiated by the ex vivo mice skin model analysis. Our results reveal that the new microneedle sensor holds considerable promise for continuous non-invasive alcohol monitoring in real-life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vinu Mohan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Rupesh K Mishra
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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52
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Ultra-miniaturization of a planar amperometric sensor targeting continuous intradermal glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:577-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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53
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Sharma S, Saeed A, Johnson C, Gadegaard N, Cass AEG. Rapid, low cost prototyping of transdermal devices for personal healthcare monitoring. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017; 13:104-108. [PMID: 28424755 PMCID: PMC5384990 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The next generation of devices for personal healthcare monitoring will comprise molecular sensors to monitor analytes of interest in the skin compartment. Transdermal devices based on microneedles offer an excellent opportunity to explore the dynamics of molecular markers in the interstitial fluid, however good acceptability of these next generation devices will require several technical problems associated with current commercially available wearable sensors to be overcome. These particularly include reliability, comfort and cost. An essential pre-requisite for transdermal molecular sensing devices is that they can be fabricated using scalable technologies which are cost effective. We present here a minimally invasive microneedle array as a continuous monitoring platform technology. Method for scalable fabrication of these structures is presented. The microneedle arrays were characterised mechanically and were shown to penetrate human skin under moderate thumb pressure. They were then functionalised and evaluated as glucose, lactate and theophylline biosensors. The results suggest that this technology can be employed in the measurement of metabolites, therapeutic drugs and biomarkers and could have an important role to play in the management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anwer Saeed
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Anthony EG Cass
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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54
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Cunnea P, Gowers S, Moore JE, Drakakis E, Boutelle M, Fotopoulou C. Review article: Novel technologies in the treatment and monitoring of advanced and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29515912 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa5cf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in females in the UK. It has long been recognized to be a set of heterogeneous diseases, with high grade serous being the most common subtype. The majority of patients with EOC present at an advanced stage (FIGO III-IV), and have the largest risk for disease recurrence from which a high percentage will develop resistance to chemotherapy. Despite continual advances in diagnostics, imaging, surgery and treatment of EOC, there has been little variation in the survival rates for patients with EOC. In this review we will introduce novel bioengineering advances in modelling the lymphatic system and real-time tissue monitoring to improve the clinical and therapeutic outcome for patients with EOC. We discuss the advent of the non-invasive "liquid biopsy" in the surveillance of patients undergoing treatment and follow-up. Finally, we present new bioengineering advances for palliative care of patients to lessen symptoms of patients with ascites and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cunnea
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | - Sally Gowers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
| | - James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
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55
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Bettazzi F, Marrazza G, Minunni M, Palchetti I, Scarano S. Biosensors and Related Bioanalytical Tools. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOANALYTICAL TOOLS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR MARCO MASCINI 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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56
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Mishra RK, Vinu Mohan AM, Soto F, Chrostowski R, Wang J. A microneedle biosensor for minimally-invasive transdermal detection of nerve agents. Analyst 2017; 142:918-924. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A microneedle array based biosensor for minimally invasive electrochemical monitoring of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents under the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K. Mishra
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - A. M. Vinu Mohan
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
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57
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Sharma S, Takagi E, Cass T, Tsugawa W, Sode K. Minimally Invasive Microneedle Array Electrodes Employing Direct Electron Transfer Type Glucose Dehydrogenase for the Development of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2017.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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58
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Introduction to Electrochemical Point-of-Care Devices. Bioanalysis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64801-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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59
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Cass AE, Sharma S. Microneedle Enzyme Sensor Arrays for Continuous In Vivo Monitoring. Methods Enzymol 2017; 589:413-427. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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60
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Witkowska Nery E, Kundys M, Jeleń PS, Jönsson-Niedziółka M. Electrochemical Glucose Sensing: Is There Still Room for Improvement? Anal Chem 2016; 88:11271-11282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Witkowska Nery
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kundys
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina S. Jeleń
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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61
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Evaluation of a minimally invasive glucose biosensor for continuous tissue monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8427-8435. [PMID: 27744480 PMCID: PMC5116314 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a minimally invasive glucose biosensor based on a microneedle array electrode fabricated from an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU8 50) and designed for continuous measurement in the dermal compartment with minimal pain. These minimally invasive, continuous monitoring sensor devices (MICoMS) were produced by casting the structures in SU8 50, crosslinking and then metallising them with platinum or silver to obtain the working and reference electrodes, respectively. The metallised microneedle array electrodes were subsequently functionalised by entrapping glucose oxidase in electropolymerised polyphenol (PP) film. Sensor performance in vitro showed that glucose concentrations down to 0.5 mM could be measured with a response times (T90) of 15 s. The effect of sterilisation by Co60 irradiation was evaluated. In preparation for further clinical studies, these sensors were tested in vivo in a healthy volunteer for a period of 3-6 h. The sensor currents were compared against point measurements obtained with a commercial capillary blood glucometer. The epoxy MICoMS devices showed currents values that could be correlated with these. Graphical Abstract Microneedle arrays for continuous glucose monitoring in dermal interstitial fluid.
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62
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Wu JH, Li B, Wu MX. Laser-induced capillary leakage for blood biomarker detection and vaccine delivery via the skin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:676-682. [PMID: 26776718 PMCID: PMC4929029 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulation system is the center for coordination and communication of all organs in our body. Examination of any change in its analytes or delivery of therapeutic drugs into the system consists of important medical practice in today's medicine. Two recent studies prove that brief illumination of skin with a low powered laser, at wavelengths preferentially absorbed by hemoglobin, increases the amount of circulating biomarkers in the epidermis and upper dermis by more than 1,000-fold. When probe-coated microneedle arrays are applied into laser-treated skin, plasma blood biomarkers can be reliably, accurately, and sufficiently quantified in 15∼30 min assays, with a maximal detection in one hr in a manner independent of penetration depth or a molecular mass of the biomarker. Moreover, the laser treatment permits a high efficient delivery of radiation-attenuated malarial sporozoites (RAS) into the circulation, leading to robust immunity against malaria infections, whereas similar immunization at sham-treated skin elicits poor immune responses. Thus this technology can potentially instruct designs of small, portable devices for onsite, in mobile clinics, or at home for point-of-care diagnosis and drug/vaccine delivery via the skin. Laser-induced capillary leakage (a) to induce extravasation of circualing molecules only (b) or facilitate entry of attenuated malaria sporozoites into the capillary (c). Skin illumination with a laser preferably absorbed by hemoglobin causes dilation of the capillary beneath the skin. The extravasated molecules can be sufficiently measured in the skin or guide sporozoites to enter the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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63
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Coffey JW, Meliga SC, Corrie SR, Kendall MA. Dynamic application of microprojection arrays to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for enhanced biomarker capture and detection. Biomaterials 2016; 84:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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64
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Eltayib E, Brady AJ, Caffarel-Salvador E, Gonzalez-Vazquez P, Zaid Alkilani A, McCarthy HO, McElnay JC, Donnelly RF. Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays: Potential for use in minimally-invasive lithium monitoring. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 102:123-31. [PMID: 26969262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe, for the first time, hydrogel-forming microneedle (s) (MN) arrays for minimally-invasive extraction and quantification of lithium in vitro and in vivo. MN arrays, prepared from aqueous blends of hydrolysed poly(methyl-vinylether-co-maleic anhydride) and crosslinked by poly(ethyleneglycol), imbibed interstitial fluid (ISF) upon skin insertion. Such MN were always removed intact. In vitro, mean detected lithium concentrations showed no significant difference following 30min MN application to excised neonatal porcine skin for lithium citrate concentrations of 0.9 and 2mmol/l. However, after 1h application, the mean lithium concentrations extracted were significantly different, being appropriately concentration-dependent. In vivo, rats were orally dosed with lithium citrate equivalent to 15mg/kg and 30mg/kg lithium carbonate, respectively. MN arrays were applied 1h after dosing and removed 1h later. The two groups, having received different doses, showed no significant difference between lithium concentrations in serum or MN. However, the higher dosed rats demonstrated a lithium concentration extracted from MN arrays equivalent to a mean increase of 22.5% compared to rats which received the lower dose. Hydrogel-forming MN clearly have potential as a minimally-invasive tool for lithium monitoring in outpatient settings. We will now focus on correlation between serum and MN lithium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyman Eltayib
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Ahfad University for Women, Arda Street, Omdurman 167, Sudan
| | - Aaron J Brady
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | | | | | - Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | - James C McElnay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK.
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65
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Ito Y, Inagaki Y, Kobuchi S, Takada K, Sakaeda T. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Dissolving Microneedles. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:271-6. [PMID: 27076783 PMCID: PMC4829539 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design an alternative painless method for vancomycin (VCM) monitoring by withdrawing interstitial fluid (ISF) the skin using dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and possibly replace the conventional clinical blood sampling method. METHODS Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Vancomycin at 5 mg/mL in saline was intravenously administered via the jugular vein. ISF was collected from a formed pore at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after the DMNs was removed from the skin. In addition, 0.3 mL blood samples were collected from the left femoral vein. RESULTS The correlation between the plasma and ISF VCM concentrations was significantly strong (r = 0.676, p < 0.05). Microscopic observation of the skin after application of the DMNs demonstrated their safety as a device for sampling ISF. CONCLUSION A novel monitoring method for VCM was developed to painlessly determine concentrations in the ISF as opposed to blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ito
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuto Inagaki
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kanji Takada
- 2. BioSerenTach Inc., Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8040, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
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66
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Miller PR, Narayan RJ, Polsky R. Microneedle-based sensors for medical diagnosis. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1379-1383. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of microneedle sensors is reviewed discussing current trends and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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67
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Ventrelli L, Marsilio Strambini L, Barillaro G. Microneedles for Transdermal Biosensing: Current Picture and Future Direction. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2606-40. [PMID: 26439100 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel trend is rapidly emerging in the use of microneedles, which are a miniaturized replica of hypodermic needles with length-scales of hundreds of micrometers, aimed at the transdermal biosensing of analytes of clinical interest, e.g., glucose, biomarkers, and others. Transdermal biosensing via microneedles offers remarkable opportunities for moving biosensing technologies and biochips from research laboratories to real-field applications, and envisages easy-to-use point-of-care microdevices with pain-free, minimally invasive, and minimal-training features that are very attractive for both developed and emerging countries. In addition to this, microneedles for transdermal biosensing offer a unique possibility for the development of biochips provided with end-effectors for their interaction with the biological system under investigation. Direct and efficient collection of the biological sample to be analyzed will then become feasible in situ at the same length-scale of the other biochip components by minimally trained personnel and in a minimally invasive fashion. This would eliminate the need for blood extraction using hypodermic needles and reduce, in turn, related problems, such as patient infections, sample contaminations, analysis artifacts, etc. The aim here is to provide a thorough and critical analysis of state-of-the-art developments in this novel research trend, and to bridge the gap between microneedles and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Ventrelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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Reddy M, Herrero P, Sharkawy ME, Pesl P, Jugnee N, Pavitt D, Godsland IF, Alberti G, Toumazou C, Johnston DG, Georgiou P, Oliver NS. Metabolic Control With the Bio-inspired Artificial Pancreas in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A 24-Hour Randomized Controlled Crossover Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 10:405-13. [PMID: 26581881 PMCID: PMC4773972 DOI: 10.1177/1932296815616134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bio-inspired Artificial Pancreas (BiAP) is a closed-loop insulin delivery system based on a mathematical model of beta-cell physiology and implemented in a microchip within a low-powered handheld device. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the BiAP over 24 hours, followed by a substudy assessing the safety of the algorithm without and with partial meal announcement. Changes in lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were investigated for the first time during closed-loop. METHODS This is a prospective randomized controlled open-label crossover study. Participants were randomly assigned to attend either a 24-hour closed-loop visit connected to the BiAP system or a 24-hour open-loop visit (standard insulin pump therapy). The primary outcome was percentage time spent in target range (3.9-10 mmol/l) measured by sensor glucose. Secondary outcomes included percentage time in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (>10 mmol/l). Participants were invited to attend for an additional visit to assess the BiAP without and with partial meal announcements. RESULTS A total of 12 adults with type 1 diabetes completed the study (58% female, mean [SD] age 45 [10] years, BMI 25 [4] kg/m(2), duration of diabetes 22 [12] years and HbA1c 7.4 [0.7]% [58 (8) mmol/mol]). The median (IQR) percentage time in target did not differ between closed-loop and open-loop (71% vs 66.9%, P = .9). Closed-loop reduced time spent in hypoglycemia from 17.9% to 3.0% (P < .01), but increased time was spent in hyperglycemia (10% vs 28.9%, P = .01). The percentage time in target was higher when all meals were announced during closed-loop compared to no or partial meal announcement (65.7% [53.6-80.5] vs 45.5% [38.2-68.3], P = .12). CONCLUSIONS The BiAP is safe and achieved equivalent time in target as measured by sensor glucose, with improvement in hypoglycemia, when compared to standard pump therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reddy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Pau Herrero
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mohamed El Sharkawy
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Peter Pesl
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Narvada Jugnee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Darrell Pavitt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ian F Godsland
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - George Alberti
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christofer Toumazou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Desmond G Johnston
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nick S Oliver
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, UK
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69
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Cahill EM, O’Cearbhaill ED. Toward Biofunctional Microneedles for Stimulus Responsive Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1289-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Cahill
- School of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, §UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, and ‡UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin D. O’Cearbhaill
- School of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, §UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, and ‡UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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70
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Strambini L, Longo A, Scarano S, Prescimone T, Palchetti I, Minunni M, Giannessi D, Barillaro G. Self-powered microneedle-based biosensors for pain-free high-accuracy measurement of glycaemia in interstitial fluid. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 66:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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71
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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72
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Romanyuk AV, Zvezdin VN, Samant P, Grenader MI, Zemlyanova M, Prausnitz MR. Collection of analytes from microneedle patches. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10520-3. [PMID: 25367229 PMCID: PMC4222632 DOI: 10.1021/ac503823p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Clinical medicine and public health
would benefit from simplified
acquisition of biological samples from patients that can be easily
obtained at point of care, in the field, and by patients themselves.
Microneedle patches are designed to serve this need by collecting
dermal interstitial fluid containing biomarkers without the dangers,
pain, or expertise needed to collect blood. This study presents novel
methods to collect biomarker analytes from microneedle patches for
analysis by integration into conventional analytical laboratory microtubes
and microplates. Microneedle patches were made out of cross-linked
hydrogel composed of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic
acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) prepared by micromolding. Microneedle
patches were shown to swell with water up to 50-fold in volume, depending
on degree of polymer cross-linking, and to collect interstitial fluid
from the skin of rats. To collect analytes from microneedle patches,
the patches were mounted within the cap of microcentrifuge tubes or
formed the top of V-bottom multiwell microplates, and fluid was collected
in the bottom of the tubes under gentle centrifugation. In another
method, microneedle patches were attached to form the bottom of multiwell
microplates, thereby enabling in situ analysis. The simplicity of
biological sample acquisition using microneedle patches coupled with
the simplicity of analyte collection from microneedles patches integrated
into conventional analytical equipment could broaden the reach of
future screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of biomarkers in healthcare
and environmental/workplace settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Romanyuk
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
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73
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Valdés-Ramírez G, Li YC, Kim J, Jia W, Bandodkar AJ, Nuñez-Flores R, Miller PR, Wu SY, Narayan R, Windmiller JR, Polsky R, Wang J. Microneedle-based self-powered glucose sensor. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Miller PR, Xiao X, Brener I, Burckel DB, Narayan R, Polsky R. Microneedle-based transdermal sensor for on-chip potentiometric determination of K(+). Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:876-81. [PMID: 24376147 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The determination of electrolytes is invaluable for point of care diagnostic applications. An ion selective transdermal microneedle sensor is demonstrated for potassium by integrating a hollow microneedle with a microfluidic chip to extract fluid through a channel towards a downstream solid-state ion-selective-electrode (ISE). 3D porous carbon and 3D porous graphene electrodes, made via interference lithography, are compared as solid-state transducers for ISE's and evaluated for electrochemical performance, stability, and selectivity. The porous carbon K(+) ISE's show better performance than the porous graphene K(+) ISE's, capable of measuring potassium across normal physiological concentrations in the presence of interfering ions with greater stability. This new microfluidic/microneedle platform shows promise for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Miller
- Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695-7115 USA
| | - Xiaoyin Xiao
- Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - Igal Brener
- Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA
| | | | - Roger Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695-7115 USA
| | - Ronen Polsky
- Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA
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75
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Jina A, Tierney MJ, Tamada JA, McGill S, Desai S, Chua B, Chang A, Christiansen M. Design, development, and evaluation of a novel microneedle array-based continuous glucose monitor. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014; 8:483-7. [PMID: 24876610 PMCID: PMC4455438 DOI: 10.1177/1932296814526191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of accurate, minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices has been the subject of much work by several groups, as it is believed that a less invasive and more user-friendly device will result in greater adoption of CGM by persons with insulin-dependent diabetes. This article presents the results of preliminary clinical studies in subjects with diabetes of a novel prototype microneedle-based continuous glucose monitor. In this device, an array of tiny hollow microneedles is applied into the epidermis from where glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF) is transported via passive diffusion to an amperometric glucose sensor external to the body. Comparison of 1396 paired device glucose measurements and fingerstick blood glucose readings for up to 72-hour wear in 10 diabetic subjects shows the device to be accurate and well tolerated by the subjects. Overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) is 15% with 98.4% of paired points in the A+B region of the Clarke error grid. The prototype device has demonstrated clinically accurate glucose readings over 72 hours, the first time a microneedle-based device has achieved such performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Chang
- John Muir Physician Network Clinical Research Center, Concord, CA USA
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Kaushik A, Vasudev A, Arya SK, Pasha SK, Bhansali S. Recent advances in cortisol sensing technologies for point-of-care application. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 53:499-512. [PMID: 24212052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Everyday lifestyle related issues are the main cause of psychological stress, which contributes to health disparities experienced by individuals. Prolonged exposure to stress leads to the activation of signaling pathways from the brain that leads to release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Various biomarkers have been affected by psychological stress, but cortisol "a steroid hormone" is known as a potential biomarker for its estimation. Cortisol can also be used as a target analyte marker to determine the effect of exposure such as organophosphates on central nervous system, which alters the endocrine system, leading to imbalance in cortisol secretion. Cortisol secretion of individuals depends on day-night cycle and field environment hence its detection at point-of-care (POC) is deemed essential to provide personalized healthcare. Chromatographic techniques have been traditionally used to detect cortisol. The issues relating to assay formation, system complexity, and multistep extraction/purification limits its application in the field. In order to overcome these issues and to make portable and effective miniaturized platform, various immunoassays sensing strategies are being explored. However, electrochemical immunosensing of cortisol is considered as a recent advancement towards POC application. Highly sensitive, label-free and selective cortisol immunosensor based on microelectrodes are being integrated with the microfluidic system for automated diurnal cortisol monitoring useful for personalized healthcare. Although the reported sensing devices for cortisol detection may have a great scope to improve portability, electronic designing, performance of the integrated sensor, data safety and lifetime for point-of-care applications, This review is an attempt to describe the various cortisol sensing platforms and their potential to be integrated into a wearable system for online and continuous monitoring of cortisol rhythm at POC as a function of one's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kaushik
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States.
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77
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Gifford R. Continuous glucose monitoring: 40 years, what we've learned and what's next. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2032-44. [PMID: 23649735 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After 40 years of research and development, today continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is demonstrating the benefit it provides for millions with diabetes. To provide in vivo accuracy, new permselective membranes and mediated systems have been developed to prevent enzyme saturation and to minimize interference signals. Early in vivo implanted sensor research clearly showed that the foreign body response was a more difficult issue to overcome. Understanding the biological interface and circumventing the inflammatory response continue to drive development of a CGM sensor with accuracy and reliability performance suitable in a closed-loop artificial pancreas. Along with biocompatible polymer development, other complimentary algorithm and data analysis techniques have improved the performance of commercial systems significantly. For example, the mean average relative difference of Dexcom's CGM system improved from 26 to 14% and its use-life was extended from 3 to 7 d. Significant gains in usability, including size, flexibility, insertion, calibration, and data interface, have been incorporated into new generations of commercial CGM systems. Besides Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott, other major players are also investing in CGM. Becton Dickinson is conducting clinical trials with an optical galactose glucose binding system. Development of fully implanted sensor systems fulfills the desire for a discreet, reliable CGM system. Research continues to find innovative ways to help make living with diabetes easier and more normal, and new segments are being pursued (intensive care unit, surgery, behavior modification) in which CGM is being utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Gifford
- Life Science, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Box 787 SE-601 17 Norrköping, Sweden.
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