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Tan X, Dai Q, Guo T, Xu J, Dai Q. Efficient generation of transgene- and feeder-free induced pluripotent stem cells from human dental mesenchymal stem cells and their chemically defined differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2490-2497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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52
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AAV-mediated conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pacemaker. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:346-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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53
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Lee EK, Tran DD, Keung W, Chan P, Wong G, Chan CW, Costa KD, Li RA, Khine M. Machine Learning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissue Contractility for Automated Drug Classification. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1560-1572. [PMID: 29033305 PMCID: PMC5829317 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting cardioactive effects of new molecular entities for therapeutics remains a daunting challenge. Immense research effort has been focused toward creating new screening platforms that utilize human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue constructs to better recapitulate human heart function and drug responses. As these new platforms become increasingly sophisticated and high throughput, the drug screens result in larger multidimensional datasets. Improved automated analysis methods must therefore be developed in parallel to fully comprehend the cellular response across a multidimensional parameter space. Here, we describe the use of machine learning to comprehensively analyze 17 functional parameters derived from force readouts of hPSC-derived ventricular cardiac tissue strips (hvCTS) electrically paced at a range of frequencies and exposed to a library of compounds. A generated metric is effective for then determining the cardioactivity of a given drug. Furthermore, we demonstrate a classification model that can automatically predict the mechanistic action of an unknown cardioactive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patrick Chan
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kevin D Costa
- Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong; Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald A Li
- Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Kolanowski TJ, Antos CL, Guan K. Making human cardiomyocytes up to date: Derivation, maturation state and perspectives. Int J Cardiol 2017; 241:379-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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56
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Zimmerlin L, Park TS, Zambidis ET. Capturing Human Naïve Pluripotency in the Embryo and in the Dish. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1141-1161. [PMID: 28537488 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first derived almost 20 years ago, it was only recently acknowledged that they share closer molecular and functional identity to postimplantation lineage-primed murine epiblast stem cells than to naïve preimplantation inner cell mass-derived mouse ESCs (mESCs). A myriad of transcriptional, epigenetic, biochemical, and metabolic attributes have now been described that distinguish naïve and primed pluripotent states in both rodents and humans. Conventional hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) appear to lack many of the defining hallmarks of naïve mESCs. These include important features of the naïve ground state murine epiblast, such as an open epigenetic architecture, reduced lineage-primed gene expression, and chimera and germline competence following injection into a recipient blastocyst-stage embryo. Several transgenic and chemical methods were recently reported that appear to revert conventional human PSCs to mESC-like ground states. However, it remains unclear if subtle deviations in global transcription, cell signaling dependencies, and extent of epigenetic/metabolic shifts in these various human naïve-reverted pluripotent states represent true functional differences or alternatively the existence of distinct human pluripotent states along a spectrum. In this study, we review the current understanding and developmental features of various human pluripotency-associated phenotypes and discuss potential biological mechanisms that may support stable maintenance of an authentic epiblast-like ground state of human pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Zimmerlin
- 1 Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tea Soon Park
- 1 Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- 1 Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins , Baltimore, Maryland
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57
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Cui C, Geng L, Shi J, Zhu Y, Yang G, Wang Z, Wang J, Chen M. Structural and electrophysiological dysfunctions due to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in a long-term pacing model using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28490375 PMCID: PMC5426064 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term ventricular pacing has deleterious effects and becomes more significant when cumulative percent ventricular pacing (Cum%VP) exceeds 40% of time. However, cellular disturbances and pathways by which pacing leads to myocardial disorders are not well understood. Attempts to resolve these questions have been hampered by difficulties in obtaining human cardiac tissue and the inability to build a longer-lasting (lasting longer than weeks) pacing model in vitro. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs) were cultured in the presence of electrical stimulation for 2 weeks. Quantitative structural and electrophysiological analyses were used to define the functional disturbances of pacing. Results Compared to controls, paced VCMs exhibited a remarkable reduction in the contractile protein expression, an increased apoptosis ratio and electrophysiological remodelling in a Cum%VP-dependent manner. Investigation of the protein expression levels revealed that long-term pacing universally activated both ER stress and downstream calpain. Moreover, the inhibition of calpain attenuated the adverse effects on the structural remodelling and increased the ICa, L in paced VCMs. Conclusions The results demonstrated that pacing VCMs for 2 weeks in vitro led to a series of structural and electrophysiological dysfunctions. The increased ER stress and downstream calpain could be a central mechanism underlying the disease pathogenesis. This finding could represent a new therapeutic target in the management of long-term pacing patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0566-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Le Geng
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zidun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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58
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Tse G, Liu T, Li KHC, Laxton V, Wong AOT, Chan YWF, Keung W, Chan CW, Li RA. Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome: Electrophysiological mechanisms and future therapeutic approaches (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:519-526. [PMID: 28204831 PMCID: PMC5360359 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) encompasses a group of disorders whereby the heart is unable to perform its pacemaker function, due to genetic and acquired causes. Tachycardia‑bradycardia syndrome (TBS) is a complication of SSS characterized by alternating tachycardia and bradycardia. Techniques such as genetic screening and molecular diagnostics together with the use of pre-clinical models have elucidated the electrophysiological mechanisms of this condition. Dysfunction of ion channels responsible for initiation or conduction of cardiac action potentials may underlie both bradycardia and tachycardia; bradycardia can also increase the risk of tachycardia, and vice versa. The mainstay treatment option for SSS is pacemaker implantation, an effective approach, but has disadvantages such as infection, limited battery life, dislodgement of leads and catheters to be permanently implanted in situ. Alternatives to electronic pacemakers are gene‑based bio‑artificial sinoatrial node and cell‑based bio‑artificial pacemakers, which are promising techniques whose long-term safety and efficacy need to be established. The aim of this article is to review the different ion channels involved in TBS, examine the three‑way relationship between ion channel dysfunction, tachycardia and bradycardia in TBS and to consider its current and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | | | - Victoria Laxton
- Intensive Care Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Andy On-Tik Wong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre-HKU-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration on Regenerative Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wah Fiona Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre-HKU-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration on Regenerative Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Camie W.Y. Chan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre-HKU-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration on Regenerative Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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59
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De Novo Human Cardiac Myocytes for Medical Research: Promises and Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4528941. [PMID: 28303153 PMCID: PMC5337883 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4528941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of cellular reprogramming technology has revolutionized biomedical research. De novo human cardiac myocytes can now be obtained from direct reprogramming of somatic cells (such as fibroblasts), from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs, which are reprogrammed from somatic cells), and from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Such de novo human cardiac myocytes hold great promise for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening and in vivo cell therapy of heart disease. Here, we review the technique advancements for generating de novo human cardiac myocytes. We also discuss several challenges for the use of such cells in research and regenerative medicine, such as the immature phenotype and heterogeneity of de novo cardiac myocytes obtained with existing protocols. We focus on the recent advancements in addressing such challenges.
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60
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Zhang W, Kong C, Tong M, Chooi W, Huang N, Li R, Chan B. Maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) in 3D collagen matrix: Effects of niche cell supplementation and mechanical stimulation. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:204-217. [PMID: 27890729 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs) are regarded as a promising source for regenerative medicine, drug testing and disease modeling. Nevertheless, cardiomyocytes are immature in terms of their contractile structure, metabolism and electrophysiological properties. Here, we fabricate cardiac muscle strips by encapsulating hESC-CMs in collagen-based biomaterials. Supplementation of niche cells at 3% to the number of hESC-CMs enhance the maturation of the hESC-CMs in 3D tissue matrix. The benefits of adding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are comparable to that of adding fibroblasts. These two cell types demonstrate similar effects in promoting the compaction and cell spreading, as well as expression of maturation markers at both gene and protein levels. Mechanical loading, particularly cyclic stretch, produces engineered cardiac tissues with higher maturity in terms of twitch force, elastic modulus, sarcomere length and molecular signature, when comparing to static stretch or non-stretched controls. The current study demonstrates that the application of niche cells and mechanical stretch both stimulate the maturation of hESC-CMs in 3D architecture. Our results therefore suggest that this 3D model can be used for in vitro cardiac maturation study. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs) are regarded as being a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine, drug testing and disease modeling. Nevertheless, cardiomyocytes are immature in terms of their contractile structure, metabolism and electrophysiological properties. In the current study, we have fabricated cardiac muscle strips by encapsulating hESC-CMs in collagen-based biomaterials and demonstrated that supplementation of mesenchymal niche cells as well as provision of mechanical loading particularly stretching have significantly promoted the maturation of the cardiomyocytes and hence improved the mechanical functional characteristics of the tissue strips. Specifically, with 3% niche cells including both fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, a more mature hESC-CMs derived cardiac strip was resulted, in terms of compaction and spreading of cells, and upregulation of molecular signature in both gene and protein expression of maturation. Mechanical loading, particularly cyclic stretch, produces engineered cardiac tissues with higher maturity in terms of molecular signature markers and functional parameters including twitch force, elastic modulus and sarcomere length, when comparing with static stretch or non-stretched controls. The current study demonstrates that the application of niche cells and mechanical stretch both stimulate the maturation of hESC-CMs in 3D architecture, resulting in more mature cardiac strips. Our results contribute to bioengineering of functional heart tissue strips for drug screening and disease modeling.
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61
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Kong CW, Chen S, Geng L, Shum AMY, Sun D, Li RA. Increasing the physical size and nucleation status of human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes by cell fusion. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:76-81. [PMID: 28086122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) provide an unlimited source of donor cells for potential cardiac regenerative therapies. However, hPSC-CMs are immature. For instance, hPSC-CMs are only 1/10 of the physical size of their adult counterparts; the majority are mono- rather than bi- or multi-nucleated, which is an evolutionary adaptive feature in metabolically active cells such as adult CMs. Here, we attempted to increase the physical size and nucleation status of hPSC-derived ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (hPSC-VCMs) using chemically-induced cell fusion, and examined the subsequent functional effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was employed to fuse a 1:1 mixture of lentiviral vectors LV-MLC2v-GFP- or -tdTomato-labeled hPSC-VCMs, such that hPSC-VCMs fused syncytia (FS) were identified as doubly GFP+/tdTomato+ multi-nucleated cells. These microscopically-identified FS were doubled in size as gauged by their capacitance when compared to the control mononucleated hPSC-VCMs using patch-clamp analysis. Reduced automaticity or action potential (AP) firing rate and moderately prolonged AP duration were observed in FS from day 6 post-fusion induction. However, Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial biogenesis and the extent of apoptosis were not significantly altered. We conclude that larger, multi-nucleated hPSC-VCMs FS can be created by chemically-induced cell fusion but global maturation requires additional triggering cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wing Kong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Geng
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angie Man-Yee Shum
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald A Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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62
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Shum AMY, Che H, Wong AOT, Zhang C, Wu H, Chan CWY, Costa K, Khine M, Kong CW, Li RA. A Micropatterned Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Ventricular Cardiac Anisotropic Sheet for Visualizing Drug-Induced Arrhythmogenicity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602448. [PMID: 27805726 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel cardiomimetic biohybrid material, termed as the human ventricular cardiac anisotropic sheet (hvCAS) is reported. Well-characterized human pluripotent stem-cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes are strategically aligned to reproduce key electrophysiological features of native human ventricle, which, along with specific selection criteria, allows for a direct visualization of arrhythmic spiral re-entry and represents a revolutionary tool to assess preclinical drug-induced arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Y Shum
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Che
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Andy On-Tik Wong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chenzi Zhang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Camie W Y Chan
- Novoheart Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Costa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NYC, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Michelle Khine
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2715, USA
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald A Li
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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63
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Stylianidis V, Hermans KCM, Blankesteijn WM. Wnt Signaling in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:371-393. [PMID: 27838851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role during development, but is also activated in diseases as diverse as neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, and cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling is also activated during cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview of Wnt signaling in all its complexity. Then we will discuss the evidence for its involvement in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Finally, we will provide an overview of the drugs that are available to target Wnt signaling at different levels of the signaling cascade and the results of these pharmacological interventions in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Stylianidis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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64
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Tse G, Liu T, Li KHC, Laxton V, Chan YWF, Keung W, Li RA, Yan BP. Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Brugada Syndrome: Insights from Pre-clinical and Clinical Studies. Front Physiol 2016; 7:467. [PMID: 27803673 PMCID: PMC5067537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS), is a primary electrical disorder predisposing affected individuals to sudden cardiac death via the development of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF). Originally, BrS was linked to mutations in the SCN5A, which encodes for the cardiac Na+ channel. To date, variants in 19 genes have been implicated in this condition, with 11, 5, 3, and 1 genes affecting the Na+, K+, Ca2+, and funny currents, respectively. Diagnosis of BrS is based on ECG criteria of coved- or saddle-shaped ST segment elevation and/or T-wave inversion with or without drug challenge. Three hypotheses based on abnormal depolarization, abnormal repolarization, and current-load-mismatch have been put forward to explain the electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for BrS. Evidence from computational modeling, pre-clinical, and clinical studies illustrates that molecular abnormalities found in BrS lead to alterations in excitation wavelength (λ), which ultimately elevates arrhythmic risk. A major challenge for clinicians in managing this condition is the difficulty in predicting the subset of patients who will suffer from life-threatening VT/VF. Several repolarization risk markers have been used thus far, but these neglect the contributions of conduction abnormalities in the form of slowing and dispersion. Indices incorporating both repolarization and conduction and based on the concept of λ have recently been proposed. These may have better predictive values than the existing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Ka H. C. Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle, UK
| | - Victoria Laxton
- Intensive Care Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - Yin W. F. Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetSolna, Sweden
| | - Bryan P. Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Keung W, Ren L, Sen Li, Wong AOT, Chopra A, Kong CW, Tomaselli GF, Chen CS, Li RA. Non-cell autonomous cues for enhanced functionality of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via maturation of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial K ATP channels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34154. [PMID: 27677332 PMCID: PMC5039730 DOI: 10.1038/srep34154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a potential unlimited ex vivo source of ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (CMs), but hESC-VCMs and their engineered tissues display immature traits. In adult VCMs, sarcolemmal (sarc) and mitochondrial (mito) ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels play crucial roles in excitability and cardioprotection. In this study, we aim to investigate the biological roles and use of sarcKATP and mitoKATP in hESC-VCM. We showed that SarcIK, ATP in single hESC-VCMs was dormant under baseline conditions, but became markedly activated by cyanide (CN) or the known opener P1075 with a current density that was ~8-fold smaller than adult; These effects were reversible upon washout or the addition of GLI or HMR1098. Interestingly, sarcIK, ATP displayed a ~3-fold increase after treatment with hypoxia (5% O2). MitoIK, ATP was absent in hESC-VCMs. However, the thyroid hormone T3 up-regulated mitoIK, ATP, conferring diazoxide protective effect on T3-treated hESC-VCMs. When assessed using a multi-cellular engineered 3D ventricular cardiac micro-tissue (hvCMT) system, T3 substantially enhanced the developed tension by 3-folds. Diazoxide also attenuated the decrease in contractility induced by simulated ischemia (1% O2). We conclude that hypoxia and T3 enhance the functionality of hESC-VCMs and their engineered tissues by selectively acting on sarc and mitoIK, ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lihuan Ren
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sen Li
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andy On-Tik Wong
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anant Chopra
- Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, M.D., United States of America
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald A Li
- Stem Cell &Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaborations in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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66
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Secondary pharmacology: screening and interpretation of off-target activities – focus on translation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1232-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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67
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Chan HYS, Cheung MC, Gao Y, Miller AL, Webb SE. Expression and reconstitution of the bioluminescent Ca(2+) reporter aequorin in human embryonic stem cells, and exploration of the presence of functional IP3 and ryanodine receptors during the early stages of their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:811-24. [PMID: 27430888 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a novel method of visualizing possible Ca(2+) signaling during the early differentiation of hESCs into cardiomyocytes and avoid some of the inherent problems associated with using fluorescent reporters, we expressed the bioluminescent Ca(2+) reporter, apo-aequorin, in HES2 cells and then reconstituted active holo-aequorin by incubation with f-coelenterazine. The temporal nature of the Ca(2+) signals generated by the holo-f-aequorin-expressing HES2 cells during the earliest stages of differentiation into cardiomyocytes was then investigated. Our data show that no endogenous Ca(2+) transients (generated by release from intracellular stores) were detected in 1-12-day-old cardiospheres but transients were generated in cardiospheres following stimulation with KCl or CaCl2, indicating that holo-f-aequorin was functional in these cells. Furthermore, following the addition of exogenous ATP, an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) agonist, small Ca(2+) transients were generated from day 1 onward. That ATP was inducing Ca(2+) release from functional IP3Rs was demonstrated by treatment with 2-APB, a known IP3R antagonist. In contrast, following treatment with caffeine, a ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist, a minimal Ca(2+) response was observed at day 8 of differentiation only. Thus, our data indicate that unlike RyRs, IP3Rs are present and continually functional at these early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Y S Chan
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Chun Cheung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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68
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Matsa E, Ahrens JH, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Personalized and Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1093-126. [PMID: 27335446 PMCID: PMC6345246 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the field of human disease modeling, with an enormous potential to serve as paradigm shifting platforms for preclinical trials, personalized clinical diagnosis, and drug treatment. In this review, we describe how hiPSCs could transition cardiac healthcare away from simple disease diagnosis to prediction and prevention, bridging the gap between basic and clinical research to bring the best science to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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69
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Madonna R, Van Laake LW, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Leor J, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K, Landmesser U, Mummery CL, Janssens S, Willerson J, Eschenhagen T, Ferdinandy P, Sluijter JPG. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart: cell-based therapies for myocardial repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1789-98. [PMID: 27055812 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in modern cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and worldwide. Patients with IHD may benefit from therapies that would accelerate natural processes of postnatal collateral vessel formation and/or muscle regeneration. Here, we discuss the use of cells in the context of heart repair, and the most relevant results and current limitations from clinical trials using cell-based therapies to treat IHD and HF. We identify and discuss promising potential new therapeutic strategies that include ex vivo cell-mediated gene therapy, the use of biomaterials and cell-free therapies aimed at increasing the success rates of therapy for IHD and HF. The overall aim of this Position Paper of the ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations on how to improve the therapeutic application of cell-based therapies for cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University - Chieti, Chieti, Italy Texas Heart Institute, Houston, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- MRC Cape Heart Unit, Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig Giessen University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Cardiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Willerson
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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70
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Hartman ME, Dai DF, Laflamme MA. Human pluripotent stem cells: Prospects and challenges as a source of cardiomyocytes for in vitro modeling and cell-based cardiac repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:3-17. [PMID: 25980938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an attractive source of cardiomyocytes with potential applications including disease modeling, drug discovery and safety screening, and novel cell-based cardiac therapies. Insights from embryology have contributed to the development of efficient, reliable methods capable of generating large quantities of human PSC-cardiomyocytes with cardiac purities ranging up to 90%. However, for human PSCs to meet their full potential, the field must identify methods to generate cardiomyocyte populations that are uniform in subtype (e.g. homogeneous ventricular cardiomyocytes) and have more mature structural and functional properties. For in vivo applications, cardiomyocyte production must be highly scalable and clinical grade, and we will need to overcome challenges including graft cell death, immune rejection, arrhythmogenesis, and tumorigenic potential. Here we discuss the types of human PSCs, commonly used methods to guide their differentiation into cardiomyocytes, the phenotype of the resultant cardiomyocytes, and the remaining obstacles to their successful translation.
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71
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Egashira T, Yuasa S, Tohyama S, Kuroda Y, Suzuki T, Seki T, Fukuda K. Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models: Characterization of iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1353:343-353. [PMID: 25520287 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatment, cardiovascular disease is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in advanced countries. To improve the outcome, the further promotion of basic cardiovascular science has a pivotal role for the developing novel therapeutic approach. However, due to the inaccessibility of human heart tissue, we couldn't obtain the sufficient amount of patient's heart tissues. The discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is highly expected to provide the breakthrough to this obstruction. Through the patient-specific iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes, we could analyze the patient-specific heart diseases directly and repetitively. Herein we introduce the outline of creation for cardiac disease modeling using patient-specific iPSCs. Within several topics, we present the actual representative methodologies throughout the process from the derivation of cardiomyocytes to those of functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Egashira
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Seki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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72
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Kerscher P, Turnbull IC, Hodge AJ, Kim J, Seliktar D, Easley CJ, Costa KD, Lipke EA. Direct hydrogel encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells enables ontomimetic differentiation and growth of engineered human heart tissues. Biomaterials 2015; 83:383-95. [PMID: 26826618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human engineered heart tissues have potential to revolutionize cardiac development research, drug-testing, and treatment of heart disease; however, implementation is limited by the need to use pre-differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs). Here we show that by providing a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen hydrogel microenvironment, we can directly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into contracting heart tissues. Our straight-forward, ontomimetic approach, imitating the process of development, requires only a single cell-handling step, provides reproducible results for a range of tested geometries and size scales, and overcomes inherent limitations in cell maintenance and maturation, while achieving high yields of CMs with developmentally appropriate temporal changes in gene expression. We demonstrate that hPSCs encapsulated within this biomimetic 3D hydrogel microenvironment develop into functional cardiac tissues composed of self-aligned CMs with evidence of ultrastructural maturation, mimicking heart development, and enabling investigation of disease mechanisms and screening of compounds on developing human heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kerscher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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73
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Human cardiomyocyte generation from pluripotent stem cells: A state-of-art. Life Sci 2015; 145:98-113. [PMID: 26682938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human heart is considered a non-regenerative organ. Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death. Despite advances in cardiac treatment, myocardial repair remains severely limited by the lack of an appropriate source of viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) to replace damaged tissue. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can efficiently be differentiated into functional CMs necessary for cell replacement therapy and other potential applications. The number of protocols that derive CMs from hPSCs has increased exponentially over the past decade following observation of the first human beating CMs. A number of highly efficient, chemical based protocols have been developed to generate human CMs (hCMs) in small-scale and large-scale suspension systems. To reduce the heterogeneity of hPSC-derived CMs, the differentiation protocols were modulated to exclusively generate atrial-, ventricular-, and nodal-like CM subtypes. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved in hCM generation including chemical-based cardiac differentiation, cardiac subtype specification, large-scale suspension culture differentiation, and development of chemically defined culture conditions. These hCMs could be useful particularly in the context of in vitro disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening and in cellular replacement therapies once the safety issues are overcome. Herein we review recent progress in the in vitro generation of CMs and cardiac subtypes from hPSCs and discuss their potential applications and current limitations.
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74
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Qi Y, Li Z, Kong CW, Tang NL, Huang Y, Li RA, Yao X. Uniaxial cyclic stretch stimulates TRPV4 to induce realignment of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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75
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Morphometric Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Determining the Maturation State of a Population by Quantifying Parameters in Individual Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:586908. [PMID: 26351464 PMCID: PMC4553338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/586908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative methods were established to determine the level of maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hESC-vCMs) that were treated with different metabolic stimulants (i.e., isoproterenol and oleic acid) during early differentiation. Cells were double-immunolabeled with α-actinin and COX IV antibodies, to label the myofibrils and mitochondria, respectively, after which images were acquired via confocal microscopy. In order to determine the extent of differentiation, image analysis protocols were then used to quantify cell shape and area, as well as the degree of myofibrillar organization and intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils within the cells. We demonstrated that oleic acid or isoproterenol alone, or a combination of the two, induced a more elongated hESC-vCM phenotype than the untreated controls. In addition, cells treated with isoproterenol alone exhibited a similar level of myofibrillar organization as the controls, but those treated with oleic acid with/without isoproterenol exhibited a more organized (parallel) orientation of myofibrils. The combined isoproterenol/oleic acid treatment also resulted in enhanced intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils. We suggest that these quantitative morphometric methods might serve as simple and effective tools that can be utilized in the determination of the level of structural maturation of hESC-vCMs.
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76
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Wang Y, Li ZC, Zhang P, Poon E, Kong CW, Boheler KR, Huang Y, Li RA, Yao X. Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG Pathway Acts on Orai1 to Inhibit the Hypertrophy of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2973-84. [PMID: 26269433 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an abnormal enlargement of heart muscle. It frequently results in congestive heart failure, which is a leading cause of human death. Previous studies demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve cardiac function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, based on the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hESC-CM) model system, we showed that Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), is the downstream effector of PKG. Treatment of hESC-CMs with an α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) caused a marked hypertrophy, which was accompanied by an upregulation of Orai1. Moreover, suppression of Orai1 expression/activity using Orai1-siRNAs or a dominant-negative construct Orai1(G98A) inhibited the hypertrophy, suggesting that Orai1-mediated SOCE is indispensable for the PE-induced hypertrophy of hESC-CMs. In addition, the hypertrophy was inhibited by NO and cGMP via activating PKG. Importantly, substitution of Ala for Ser(34) in Orai1 abolished the antihypertrophic effects of NO, cGMP, and PKG. Furthermore, PKG could directly phosphorylate Orai1 at Ser(34) and thus prevent Orai1-mediated SOCE. Together, we conclude that NO, cGMP, and PKG inhibit the hypertrophy of hESC-CMs via PKG-mediated phosphorylation on Orai1-Ser-34. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into the action of cGMP-PKG-related antihypertrophic agents, such as NO donors and sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Z C Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - P Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - E Poon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - C W Kong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - K R Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Huang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - R A Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - X Yao
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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77
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Jeziorowska D, Korniat A, Salem JE, Fish K, Hulot JS. Generating patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes for the treatment of cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1399-409. [PMID: 26134098 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1064109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent an appealing cell source to develop disease-modeling assays, drug testing assays and cell-based replacement therapies especially for cardiac disorders. AREAS COVERED The development of efficient protocols to generate pure populations of cardiac myocytes is a prerequisite to provide reproducible, robust and valid assays. Different techniques have been recently proposed that allow production of high-yield high-quality cardiomyocytes. In addition, the newly developed genome-editing techniques offer multiple opportunities to manipulate the genome of patient-specific iPSC thus generating syngeneic iPSC lines. Genome-editing techniques will also allow engineering of iPSC to make them suitable for replacement therapies. EXPERT OPINION Since their discovery, iPSCs have shown promise to revolutionize the way human diseases are studied. During the last years, different protocols have been developed to achieve reproducible and efficient differentiation of iPSCs including in cardiac and vascular cells. The recent introduction of the genome-editing techniques now allow targeted manipulation of the genome of patient-specific and control iPSCs lines. This approach would help to address a couple of current limitations, including the generation of isogenic lines for disease modeling and of clinical-grade lines for replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth Fish
- b 2 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- b 2 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Center , New York, NY, USA
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78
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Yang T, Rubart M, Soonpaa MH, Didié M, Christalla P, Zimmermann WH, Field LJ. Cardiac engraftment of genetically-selected parthenogenetic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131511. [PMID: 26110646 PMCID: PMC4482509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) are a promising candidate donor for cell therapy applications. Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), PSCs exhibit self-renewing capacity and clonogenic proliferation in vitro. PSCs exhibit largely haploidentical genotype, and as such may constitute an attractive population for allogenic applications. In this study, PSCs isolated from transgenic mice carrying a cardiomyocyte-restricted reporter transgene to permit tracking of donor cells were genetically modified to carry a cardiomyocyte-restricted aminoglycoside phosphotransferase expression cassette (MHC-neor/pGK-hygror) to permit the generation of highly enriched cardiomyocyte cultures from spontaneously differentiating PSCs by simple selection with the neomycin analogue G148. Following engraftment into isogenic recipient hearts, the selected cardiomyocytes formed a functional syncytium with the host myocardium as evidenced by the presence of entrained intracellular calcium transients. These cells thus constitute a potential source of therapeutic donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Rubart
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Christalla
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren J. Field
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Yang C, Al-Aama J, Stojkovic M, Keavney B, Trafford A, Lako M, Armstrong L. Concise Review: Cardiac Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2643-51. [PMID: 26033645 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic cardiac diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Although animal models have been created to provide some useful insights into the pathogenesis of genetic cardiac diseases, the significant species differences and the lack of genetic information for complex genetic diseases markedly attenuate the application values of such data. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient-specific specimens and subsequent derivation of cardiomyocytes offer novel avenues to study the mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases, to identify new causative genes, and to provide insights into the disease aetiology. In recent years, the list of human iPSC-based models for genetic cardiac diseases has been expanding rapidly, although there are still remaining concerns on the level of functionality of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ability to be used for modeling complex cardiac diseases in adults. This review focuses on the development of cardiomyocyte induction from pluripotent stem cells, the recent progress in heart disease modeling using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and the challenges associated with understanding complex genetic diseases. To address these issues, we examine the similarity between iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ex vivo counterparts and how this relates to the method used to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells into a cardiomyocyte phenotype. We progress to examine categories of congenital cardiac abnormalities that are suitable for iPSC-based disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Core Technology, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Trafford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Core Technology, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Farouz Y, Chen Y, Terzic A, Menasché P. Concise Review: Growing Hearts in the Right Place: On the Design of Biomimetic Materials for Cardiac Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1021-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Farouz
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Paris France
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81
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Abstract
The latest discoveries and advanced knowledge in the fields of stem cell biology and developmental cardiology hold great promise for cardiac regenerative medicine, enabling researchers to design novel therapeutic tools and approaches to regenerate cardiac muscle for diseased hearts. However, progress in this arena has been hampered by a lack of reproducible and convincing evidence, which at best has yielded modest outcomes and is still far from clinical practice. To address current controversies and move cardiac regenerative therapeutics forward, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the key cellular and molecular programs involved in human cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration. In this review, we consider the fundamental principles that govern the "programming" and "reprogramming" of a human heart cell and discuss updated therapeutic strategies to regenerate a damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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82
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Chen G, Li S, Karakikes I, Ren L, Chow MZY, Chopra A, Keung W, Yan B, Chan CWY, Costa KD, Kong CW, Hajjar RJ, Chen CS, Li RA. Phospholamban as a crucial determinant of the inotropic response of human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes and engineered 3-dimensional tissue constructs. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014; 8:193-202. [PMID: 25504561 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human (h) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) serve as a potential unlimited ex vivo source of cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, a well-accepted roadblock has been their immature phenotype. hESC/iPSC-derived ventricular (v) CMs and their engineered cardiac microtissues (hvCMTs) similarly displayed positive chronotropic but null inotropic responses to β-adrenergic stimulation. Given that phospholamban (PLB) is robustly present in adult but poorly expressed in hESC/iPSC-vCMs and its defined biological role in β-adrenergic signaling, we investigated the functional consequences of PLB expression in hESC/iPSC-vCMs and hvCMTs. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we confirmed that PLB protein was differentially expressed in hESC (HES2, H9)- and iPSC-derived and adult vCMs. We then transduced hES2-vCMs with the recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) Ad-PLB or Ad-S16E-PLB to overexpress wild-type PLB or the pseudophosphorylated point-mutated variant, respectively. As anticipated from the inhibitory effect of unphosphorylated PLB on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, Ad-PLB transduction significantly attenuated electrically evoked Ca2+ transient amplitude and prolonged the 50% decay time. Importantly, Ad-PLB-transduced hES2-vCMs uniquely responded to isoproterenol. Ad-S16E-PLB-transduced hES2-vCMs displayed an intermediate phenotype. The same trends were observed with H9- and iPSC-vCMs. Directionally, similar results were also seen with Ad-PLB-transduced and Ad-S16E-transduced hvCMTs. However, Ad-PLB altered neither the global transcriptome nor ICa,L, implicating a PLB-specific effect. CONCLUSIONS Engineered upregulation of PLB expression in hESC/iPSC-vCMs restores a positive inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. These results not only provide a better mechanistic understanding of the immaturity of hESC/iPSC-vCMs but will also lead to improved disease models and transplantable prototypes with adult-like physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Chen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Sen Li
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Lihuan Ren
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Maggie Zi-Ying Chow
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Anant Chopra
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Wendy Keung
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Camie W Y Chan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Kevin D Costa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Christopher S Chen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.)
| | - Ronald A Li
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, NY (G.C., I.K., K.D.C., R.J.H., R.A.L.); Department of Physiology (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium (G.C., S.L., L.R., M.Z.-Y.C., W.K., B.Y., C.W.Y.C., C.-W.K., R.A.L.), Department of Anatomy (C.W.Y.C.), LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (A.C., C.S.C.); and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (B.Y.).
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Jenkins MJ, Farid SS. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived products: advances towards robust, scalable and cost-effective manufacturing strategies. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:83-95. [PMID: 25524780 PMCID: PMC4674985 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to develop cost-effective, scalable and robust bioprocesses for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be key to their commercial success as cell therapies and tools for use in drug screening and disease modelling studies. This review outlines key process economic drivers for hPSCs and progress made on improving the economic and operational feasibility of hPSC bioprocesses. Factors influencing key cost metrics, namely capital investment and cost of goods, for hPSCs are discussed. Step efficiencies particularly for differentiation, media requirements and technology choice are amongst the key process economic drivers identified for hPSCs. Progress made to address these cost drivers in hPSC bioprocessing strategies is discussed. These include improving expansion and differentiation yields in planar and bioreactor technologies, the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings, identification of optimal bioprocess operating conditions to control cell fate and the development of directed differentiation protocols that reduce reliance on expensive morphogens such as growth factors and small molecules. These approaches offer methods to further optimise hPSC bioprocessing in terms of its commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jenkins
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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84
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Abstract
During development, cardiogenesis is orchestrated by a family of heart progenitors that build distinct regions of the heart. Each region contains diverse cell types that assemble to form the complex structures of the individual cardiac compartments. Cardiomyocytes are the main cell type found in the heart and ensure contraction of the chambers and efficient blood flow throughout the body. Injury to the cardiac muscle often leads to heart failure due to the loss of a large number of cardiomyocytes and its limited intrinsic capacity to regenerate the damaged tissue, making it one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this Primer we discuss how insights into the molecular and cellular framework underlying cardiac development can be used to guide the in vitro specification of cardiomyocytes, whether by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells or via direct lineage conversion. Additional strategies to generate cardiomyocytes in situ, such as reactivation of endogenous cardiac progenitors and induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Später
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Bioscience, CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 43150, Sweden
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 35 Berzelius Vag, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lior Zangi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 35 Berzelius Vag, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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85
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Mahr C, Gundry RL. Hold or fold--proteins in advanced heart failure and myocardial recovery. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 9:121-33. [PMID: 25331159 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced heart failure (AHF) describes the subset of heart failure patients refractory to conventional medical therapy. For some AHF patients, the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) provides an intermediary "bridge" step for transplant-eligible patients or an alternative therapy for transplant-ineligible patients. Over the past 20 years, clinical observations have revealed that approximately 1% of patients with MCS undergo significant reverse remodeling to the point where the device can be explanted. Unfortunately, it is unclear why some patients experience durable, sustained myocardial remission, while others redevelop heart failure (i.e. which hearts "hold" and which hearts "fold"). In this review, we outline unmet clinical needs related to treating patients with MCS, provide an overview of protein dynamics in the reverse-remodeling process, and propose specific areas where we expect MS and proteomic analyses will have significant impact on our understanding of disease progression, molecular mechanisms of recovery, and provide new markers with prognostic value that can positively impact patient care. Complimentary perspectives are provided with the goal of making this important topic accessible and relevant to both a clinical and basic science audience, as the intersection of these disciplines is required to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mahr
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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86
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Keung W, Boheler KR, Li RA. Developmental cues for the maturation of metabolic, electrophysiological and calcium handling properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:17. [PMID: 24467782 PMCID: PMC4055054 DOI: 10.1186/scrt406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, are abundant sources of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cell replacement therapy and other applications such as disease modeling, drug discovery and cardiotoxicity screening. However, hPSC-derived CMs display immature structural, electrophysiological, calcium-handling and metabolic properties. Here, we review various biological as well as physical and topographical cues that are known to associate with the development of native CMs in vivo to gain insights into the development of strategies for facilitated maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Abstract
The heart is a large organ containing many cell types, each of which is necessary for normal function. Because of this, cardiac regenerative medicine presents many unique challenges. Because each of the many types of cells within the heart has unique physiological and electrophysiological characteristics, donor cells must be well matched to the area of the heart into which they are grafted to avoid mechanical dysfunction or arrhythmia. In addition, grafted cells must be functionally integrated into host tissue to effectively repair cardiac function. Because of its size and physiological function, the metabolic needs of the heart are considerable. Therefore grafts must contain not only cardiomyocytes but also a functional vascular network to meet their needs for oxygen and nutrition. In this article we review progress in the use of pluripotent stem cells as a source of donor cardiomyocytes and highlight current unmet needs in the field. We also examine recent tissue engineering approaches integrating cells with various engineered materials that should address some of these unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Dai
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Ann C. Foley
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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