51
|
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has long been a part of human culture. However, alcohol consumption levels and alcohol consumption patterns are associated with chronic diseases. Overall, light and moderate alcohol consumption (up to 14 g per day for women and up to 28 g per day for men) may be associated with reduced mortality risk, mainly due to reduced risks for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. However, chronic heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse lead to alcohol-use disorder, which results in physical and mental diseases such as liver disease, pancreatitis, dementia, and various types of cancer. Risk factors for alcohol-use disorder are largely unknown. Alcohol-use disorder and frequent heavy drinking have detrimental effects on personal health.
Collapse
|
52
|
Eating and healthy ageing: a longitudinal study on the association between food consumption, memory loss and its comorbidities. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:571-582. [PMID: 32052084 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the longitudinal association between food groups and memory loss and comorbid heart disease and diabetes (both Type 1 and 2) for people living in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS We assessed 139,096 adults (aged 45 years and over) from the 45 and Up Study who completed both baseline (2006-2009) and follow-up (2012-2015) surveys. Mixed linear and generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the longitudinal associations. RESULTS High consumption of fruit, vegetable and protein-rich food associated with lower odds of memory loss. High consumption of fruit and vegetables also associated with lower odds of comorbid heart disease (p ≤ 0.001). People who aged ≥ 80 years with low consumption of cereals had the highest odds of memory loss and comorbid heart disease than people in other age groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the longitudinal association of fruit and vegetable in relation to memory loss and comorbid heart disease. Age effects on cereals consumption which have an influence on memory loss and comorbid heart disease.
Collapse
|
53
|
Kim JW, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Ko K, Jeon SY, Sohn BK, Lee JY, Kim YK, Shin SA, Sohn CH, Lee DY. Association of moderate alcohol intake with in vivo amyloid-beta deposition in human brain: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003022. [PMID: 32097439 PMCID: PMC7041799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of literature has indicated that moderate alcohol intake may be protective against Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. However, little information is available regarding whether moderate alcohol intake is related to reductions in amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, or is protective via amyloid-independent mechanisms in the living human brain. Here we examined the associations of moderate alcohol intake with in vivo AD pathologies, including cerebral Aβ deposition, neurodegeneration of AD-signature regions, and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the living human brain. METHODS AND FINDINGS The present study was part of the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE), an ongoing prospective cohort study that started in 2014. As of November 2016, 414 community-dwelling individuals with neither dementia nor alcohol-related disorders (280 cognitively normal [CN] individuals and 134 individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) between 56 and 90 years of age (mean age 70.9 years ± standard deviation 7.8; male, n [%] = 180 [43.5]) were recruited from 4 sites (i.e., 2 university hospitals and 2 public centers for dementia prevention and management) around Seoul, South Korea. All the participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments comprising lifetime and current histories of alcohol intake and multimodal brain imaging, including [11C] Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Lifetime and current alcohol intake were categorized as follows: no drinking, <1 standard drink (SD)/week, 1-13 SDs/week, and 14+ SDs/week. A moderate lifetime alcohol intake (1-13 SDs/week) was significantly associated with a lower Aβ positivity rate compared to the no drinking group, even after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio 0.341, 95% confidence interval 0.163-0.714, p = 0.004). In contrast, current alcohol intake was not associated with amyloid deposition. Additionally, alcohol intake was not related to neurodegeneration of AD-signature regions or cerebral WMH volume. The present study had some limitations in that it had a cross-sectional design and depended on retrospective recall for alcohol drinking history. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed in middle- and old-aged individuals with neither dementia nor alcohol-related disorders that moderate lifetime alcohol intake was associated with lower cerebral Aβ deposition compared to a lifetime history of not drinking. Moderate lifetime alcohol intake may have a beneficial influence on AD by reducing pathological amyloid deposition rather than amyloid-independent neurodegeneration or cerebrovascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ko
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wiegmann C, Mick I, Brandl EJ, Heinz A, Gutwinski S. Alcohol and Dementia - What is the Link? A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:87-99. [PMID: 32021202 PMCID: PMC6957093 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s198772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a globally increasing health issue and since no cure is currently available, prevention is crucial. The consumption of alcohol is a controversially discussed risk factor for dementia. While many previously published epidemiological studies reported a risk reduction by light to moderate alcohol consumption, there is no persuasive model of an underlying biochemical mechanism. The purpose of this article is to review current models on alcohol neurotoxicity and dementia and to analyze and compare studies focusing on the epidemiological link between alcohol consumption and the risk of dementia. METHODS The electronic database Pubmed was searched for studies published between 1994 and 2019 concerning the topic. RESULTS Available epidemiological studies are not sufficient to verify a protective effect of alcohol on dementia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Wiegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Mick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva J Brandl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Association between alcohol consumption and Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:345-353. [PMID: 31786126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies have suggested that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption decreases the risk of Alzheimer's disease, but it is unclear if this association is causal. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to examine whether alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, or Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were causally associated with the risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or Alzheimer's disease age of onset survival (AAOS). Additionally, γ-glutamyltransferase levels were included as a positive control. RESULTS There was no evidence of a causal association between alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, or AUDIT, and LOAD. Alcohol consumption was associated with an earlier AAOS and increased γ-glutamyltransferase blood concentrations. Alcohol dependence was associated with a delayed AAOS. DISCUSSION MR found robust evidence of a causal association between alcohol consumption and an earlier AAOS, but not alcohol intake and LOAD risk. The protective effect of alcohol dependence is potentially due to survivor bias.
Collapse
|
56
|
Cheng J, Li F, Sun X, Liu S, Chen L, Tian F, Zhao Z, Hu H, Li X. Low-dose alcohol ameliorated homocysteine-induced anxiety-related behavior via attenuating oxidative stress in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134568. [PMID: 31629034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that homocysteine (Hcy) levels were obviously elevated in patients with anxiety, furthermore, oxidative stress and inflammation were closely linked with Hcy-related damage. Despite alcohol exposure has differential effects on different forms of anxiety, the role of alcohol on anxiety-related behavior induced by high Hcy levels is still not entirely clear. The present study investigated the protective potential of low-dose alcohol against homocysteine-induced anxiety-related behavior and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. Mice were administered intragastrically with methionine (2.0 g/kg/day) or alcohol (0.6 g/kg/day). After 21 days of administration, the anxiety-related behavior was evaluated through open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, and the variations of oxidative stress and inflammation levels were measured. The results of OF and EPM tests showed that the anxiety-related behavior in mice was prevented by alcohol treatment. Alcohol lowered the elevated serum Hcy levels and alleviated the damage of hippocampal tissues in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) mice. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the hippocampal tissues enhanced, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the hippocampal tissues and the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level decreased. In addition, after administering alcohol, the increase of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression and the decrease of IL-1β protein expression were also detected in HHcy mice hippocampal tissues. Taken together, low-dose alcohol significantly ameliorated the Hcy-induced anxiety-related behavior in mice, which might be related to SOD1 and HO-1 upregulation and IL-1β downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fan Li
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Grade 2015, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Huhn AS, Hobelmann JG, Ramirez A, Strain EC, Oyler GA. Trends in first-time treatment admissions for older adults with alcohol use disorder: Availability of medical and specialty clinical services in hospital, residential, and outpatient facilities. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107694. [PMID: 31704379 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a growing problem among older adults. The aim of this study was to quantify trends in first-time treatment admissions for older adults with AUD in the U.S., and examine the medical and specialty clinical services offered by treatment facility type. METHODS Patient level data were collected from the Treatment Episode Data Set for Admissions between 2004-2017. Joinpoint regression was used to identify unique trends in first-time treatment admissions for older adults with AUD. Provider level data were collected from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) for the most recent year, 2017. N-SSATS data were grouped by facility type (inpatient/hospital, residential, and outpatient treatment) to examine differences in medications and clinical services. RESULTS Among all persons seeking first-time treatment for AUD with alcohol as their primary drug of choice (n = 3,606,948), there was a significant increase in the proportion of older adults seeking treatment from 2004 to 2017 (p-trend<0.001), with an average annual percent change of 6.8% (95% confidence intervals: 6.2%-7.4%). The majority of older adults with AUD sought treatment in outpatient and residential facilities, which compared to hospital-based facilities had lower odds of offering supervised detoxification, acamprosate, naltrexone, psychiatric medications, or mental health services (all p-values<0.001). Fewer than 25% of hospital-based and 20% of residential or outpatient facilities offered specialty services for older adults. CONCLUSIONS U.S. substance abuse treatment providers are not compensating for the changing nature of admissions by older adults, and are not providing state of the art services for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ashley Addiction Treatment, Havre de Grace, MD, USA.
| | - J Gregory Hobelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ashley Addiction Treatment, Havre de Grace, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric C Strain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George A Oyler
- Ashley Addiction Treatment, Havre de Grace, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Nixon SJ, Lewis B. Clarifying the neurobehavioral sequelae of moderate drinking lifestyles and acute alcohol effects with aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:39-78. [PMID: 31733667 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological estimates indicate not only an increase in the proportion of older adults, but also an increase in those who continue moderate alcohol consumption. Substantial literatures have attempted to characterize health benefits/risks of moderate drinking lifestyles. Not uncommonly, reports address outcomes in a single outcome, such as cardiovascular function or cognitive decline, rather than providing a broader overview of systems. In this narrative review, retaining focus on neurobiological considerations, we summarize key findings regarding moderate drinking and three health domains, cardiovascular health, Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cognition. Interestingly, few investigators have studied bouts of low/moderate doses of alcohol consumption, a pattern consistent with moderate drinking lifestyles. Here, we address both moderate drinking as a lifestyle and as an acute event. Review of health-related correlates illustrates continuing inconsistencies. Although substantive reductions in risk for cardiovascular and T2D events are reported, robust conclusions remain elusive. Similarly, whereas moderate drinking is often associated with enhanced cognition and lower dementia risk, few benefits are noted in rates of decline or alterations in brain structure. The effect of sex/gender varies across health domains and by consumption levels. For example, women appear to differentially benefit from alcohol use in terms of T2D, but experience greater risk when considering aspects of cardiovascular function. Finally, we observe that socially relevant alcohol doses do not consistently impair performance in older adults. Rather, older drinkers demonstrate divergent, but not necessarily detrimental, patterns in neural activation and some behavioral measures relative to younger drinkers. Taken together, the epidemiological and laboratory studies reinforce the need for greater attention to key individual differences and for the conduct of systematic studies sensitive to age-related shifts in neurobiological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jo Nixon
- University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida Center for Addiction Research & Education, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Ben Lewis
- University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida Center for Addiction Research & Education, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Le Daré B, Lagente V, Gicquel T. Ethanol and its metabolites: update on toxicity, benefits, and focus on immunomodulatory effects. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:545-561. [PMID: 31646907 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1679169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the toxic and beneficial effects of ethanol and its metabolites (acetaldehyde), and focuses on their immunomodulatory effects. The section dealing with the toxic effects of alcohol focuses on its chronic toxicity (liver disorders, carcinogenic effects, cardiovascular disorders, neuropsychic disorders, addiction and withdrawal syndrome, hematologic disorders, reprotoxicity, osteoporosis) although acute toxicity is considered. The role of oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as the impact of genetic polymorphism in its physiopathology are also highlighted. The section dealing with the beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption (on cardiovascular system, diabetes, the nervous system and sensory organs, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatology) highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in these observations. This knowledge, enriched by a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol and its metabolites, in particular on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, might facilitate the development of treatments that can reduce ethanol's harmful effects or accentuate its beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Pharmacy Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lagente
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Topouzis F, Founti P, Yu F, Wilson MR, Coleman AL. Twelve-Year Incidence and Baseline Risk Factors for Pseudoexfoliation: The Thessaloniki Eye Study (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 206:192-214. [PMID: 31095955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the 12-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX), baseline risk factors for incident PEX and risk factors for incident pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) among those with PEX in an elderly white population. METHODS Longitudinal, population-based study in Thessaloniki, the major urban center in Northern Greece. The baseline cohort included 2554 participants ≥60 years old. The surviving cohort was re-examined 12 years later using the same methodology. PEX was defined as typical fibrillar material at the pupil margin and/or on the lens capsule. Glaucoma was defined as both structural and functional damage, irrespective of intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS Of 1468 eligible subjects in the surviving cohort, 1092 (74%) participated in the follow-up study. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at baseline was 68.9 ± 4.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 11.6 ± 1.6 years. The 12-year incidence of PEX was 19.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.1-22.2), with women more likely to be affected than men (Fisher's exact test, P = .0197). Higher axial length was associated with lower odds of incident PEX (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 per mm; 95% CI, 0.57-0.92). PEX at baseline was not associated with an increased likelihood of major vascular disease (P = .9038). Higher baseline IOP (OR, 1.26 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48) and history of heart attack at baseline (OR, 13.49; 95% CI, 2.85-63.87) were associated with a greater likelihood of developing PEXG among those with PEX. A history of alcohol consumption at baseline was protective of individuals developing PEXG if they had PEX at baseline. CONCLUSION This is one of the very few longitudinal population-based studies that has specifically assessed the incidence of PEX. The association with axial length was previously found only in a cross-sectional study. The associations with heart attack and alcohol consumption are new findings. In individuals with baseline PEX, higher IOP at baseline, history of heart attack at baseline, and no alcohol consumption were associated with a greater likelihood of developing glaucomatous damage approximately 12 years later. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panayiota Founti
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fei Yu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne L Coleman
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
The Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Social Vulnerability among the Elderly: Evidence from an Unconditional Quantile Regression Analysis in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193684. [PMID: 31574996 PMCID: PMC6801445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the global proportion of the elderly population has been growing rapidly, it has become important to better understand the holistic social factors involved in cognitive impairment in the elderly. To investigate the relationship between social vulnerability and cognitive impairment in the elderly, this study applied an unconditional quantile regression model on open source health survey data in China. It was used to estimate the relationship for full sample and subsamples divided by different levels of a specific covariate. It was found that the cognitive impairment had a positive association with social vulnerability, and this relationship is stronger at the higher cognitive impairment quantiles. The cognitive impairment of females and elderly who took less exercise; had lower self-rated health; had greater incidences of depression, chronic diseases, and physical limitations; and consumed less fruit and vegetables, milk and tea were more related to social vulnerability. These results provide some insights into the strategies that could be used by the elderly to decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
62
|
Cognitive Function and its Risk Factors Among Older US Adults Living at Home. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 32:207-213. [PMID: 29334499 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has not been administered to a representative national sample, precluding comparison of patient scores to the general population and for risk factor identification. METHODS A validated survey-based adaptation of the MoCA (MoCA-SA) was administered to a probability sample of home-dwelling US adults aged 62 to 90, using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (n=3129), yielding estimates of prevalence in the United States. The association between MoCA-SA scores and sociodemographic and health-related risk factors were determined. RESULTS MoCA-SA scores decreased with age, and there were substantial differences among sex, education, and race/ethnicity groups. Poor physical health, functional status, and depression were also associated with lower cognitive performance; current health behaviors were not. Using the recommended MoCA cut-point score for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MoCA score <26; MoCA-SA score <17), 72% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 74%) of older US adults would be classified as having some degree of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an important national estimate for interpreting MoCA scores from individual patients, and establish wide variability in cognition among older home-dwelling US adults. Care should be taken in applying previously-established MoCA cut-points to the general population, especially when evaluating individuals from educationally and ethnically diverse groups.
Collapse
|
63
|
Li J, Wang Z, Lian Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y. Social Networks, Community Engagement, and Cognitive Impairment among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2019; 9:330-337. [PMID: 31608097 PMCID: PMC6787432 DOI: 10.1159/000502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To examine the association of social networks and community engagement with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods From November 2017 to May 2018, we selected 1,115 elderly individuals from 3 Chinese communities (Beijing, Hefei, and Lanzhou) using a random-cluster sampling method, and recorded data on demographics, social network characteristics, community activities, and cognitive function. The odds ratios (ORs) of these associations were adjusted for potential confounders in logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 25.7′ (n = 287). An adequate social network (OR 0.55; 95′ confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.91) and enough social support from friends (OR 0.43; 95′ CI 0.29–0.62) were negatively associated with cognitive impairment. Family support was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.64; 95′ CI 0.34–1.21). Taking part in elderly group travel, communication with others using WeChat, and community activities such as Tai Chi and walking together were negatively associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion Social network characteristics and community engagement were found to be related to cognitive function among community-dwelling Chinese elderly adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Lian
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T, Morriss R, Moore M, Hippisley-Cox J. Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1084-1093. [PMID: 31233095 PMCID: PMC6593623 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anticholinergic medicines have short-term cognitive adverse effects, but it is uncertain whether long-term use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between anticholinergic drug treatments and risk of dementia in persons 55 years or older. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nested case-control study took place in general practices in England that contributed to the QResearch primary care database. The study evaluated whether exposure to anticholinergic drugs was associated with dementia risk in 58 769 patients with a diagnosis of dementia and 225 574 controls 55 years or older matched by age, sex, general practice, and calendar time. Information on prescriptions for 56 drugs with strong anticholinergic properties was used to calculate measures of cumulative anticholinergic drug exposure. Data were analyzed from May 2016 to June 2018. EXPOSURES The primary exposure was the total standardized daily doses (TSDDs) of anticholinergic drugs prescribed in the 1 to 11 years prior to the date of diagnosis of dementia or equivalent date in matched controls (index date). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) for dementia associated with cumulative exposure to anticholinergic drugs, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Of the entire study population (284 343 case patients and matched controls), 179 365 (63.1%) were women, and the mean (SD) age of the entire population was 82.2 (6.8) years. The adjusted OR for dementia increased from 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03-1.09) in the lowest overall anticholinergic exposure category (total exposure of 1-90 TSDDs) to 1.49 (95% CI, 1.44-1.54) in the highest category (>1095 TSDDs), compared with no anticholinergic drug prescriptions in the 1 to 11 years before the index date. There were significant increases in dementia risk for the anticholinergic antidepressants (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.24-1.34), antiparkinson drugs (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16-2.00), antipsychotics (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.53-1.90), bladder antimuscarinic drugs (AOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.56-1.75), and antiepileptic drugs (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.57) all for more than 1095 TSDDs. Results were similar when exposures were restricted to exposure windows of 3 to 13 years (AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.41-1.52) and 5 to 20 years (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.32-1.57) before the index date for more than 1095 TSDDs. Associations were stronger in cases diagnosed before the age of 80 years. The population-attributable fraction associated with total anticholinergic drug exposure during the 1 to 11 years before diagnosis was 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Exposure to several types of strong anticholinergic drugs is associated with an increased risk of dementia. These findings highlight the importance of reducing exposure to anticholinergic drugs in middle-aged and older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Hill
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Tom Dening
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, England
| | - Richard Morriss
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, England
| | - Michael Moore
- University of Southampton Medical School, Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, England
| | - Julia Hippisley-Cox
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Li J, Ogrodnik M, Kolachalama VB, Lin H, Au R. Assessment of the Mid-Life Demographic and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Dementia Using Data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1119-1127. [PMID: 29710704 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is the leading cause of dependence and disability in the elderly population worldwide. However, currently there is no effective medication for dementia treatment. Therefore, identifying lifestyle-related risk factors including some that are modifiable may provide important strategies for reducing risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to highlight associations between easily obtainable lifestyle risk factors in mid-life and dementia in later adulthood. METHODS Using data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, we leveraged well-known classification models (decision tree classifier and random forests) to associate demographic and lifestyle behavioral data with dementia status. We then evaluated model performance by computing area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS As expected, age was strongly associated with dementia. The analysis also identified 'widowed' marital status, lower BMI, and less sleep at mid-life as risk factors of dementia. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.79 for the decision tree, and 0.89 for the random forest model. CONCLUSION Demographic and lifestyle factors that are non-invasive and inexpensive to implement can be assessed in midlife and used to potentially modify the risk of dementia in late adulthood. Classification models can help identify associations between dementia and midlife lifestyle risk factors. These findings inform further research, in order to help public health officials develop targeted programs for dementia prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical School, Beijing, China.,Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Ogrodnik
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Neurology and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yang B, Cai Z, Zhang W, Yin D, Zhao W, Yang M. Autophagy alleviates the decrease in proliferation of amyloid β1‑42‑treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4091-4100. [PMID: 30896831 PMCID: PMC6471277 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are 2 common progressive age‑associated diseases, primarily affecting the elderly worldwide. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that patients with AD are more likely to suffer from bone mass loss and even OP, but whether it is a pathological feature of AD or secondary to motor dysfunction remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate whether amyloid‑β1‑42 (Aβ1‑42), the typical pathological product of AD, exhibited a negative effect on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the role of autophagy. The proliferation of BMSCs was measured using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, cell cycle analysis and 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The autophagy‑associated proteins microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B and sequestosome 1 (p62) were evaluated by western blot analysis and autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The activity of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was measured using western blot analysis, and the autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAPA), inhibitor 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA) and the AKT activator SC79 were also used to investigate the role of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy in the proliferation of BMSCs. The results suggested that the proliferation of BMSCs treated with Aβ1‑42 was inhibited, with the autophagy level increasing following treatment with Aβ1‑42 in a dose‑dependent manner, while the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway participated in the regulation of the autophagy level. Activation of autophagy using RAPA inhibited the decrease in proliferation of BMSCs, while suppression of autophagy by 3‑MA and activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway increased the decrease in proliferation of BMSCs caused by Aβ1‑42. It was concluded that Aβ1‑42, as an external stimulus, suppressed the proliferation of BMSCs directly and that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway participated in the regulation of the level of autophagy. Concomitantly, autophagy may serve as a resistance mechanism in inhibiting the decreased proliferation of BMSCs treated with Aβ1‑42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Dali Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Maowei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Rochoy M, Gautier S, Béné J, Bordet R, Chazard E. Evolution of Dementia Related to the Use of Alcohol in the French Nationwide Discharge Summary Database Between 2007 and 2017. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:188-192. [PMID: 30595024 PMCID: PMC10852432 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518822043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French nationwide exhaustive hospital discharge database (PMSI) is used for activity-based payment of hospital services. We hypothesized that the release of articles about alcohol and dementia could influence the identification of these diagnoses in PMSI. METHODS We analyzed temporal evolution of coding for dementia and other persistent or late-onset cognitive impairment (OPLOCI) due to alcohol and other psychoactive substances in the PMSI database from 2007 to 2017 (285 748 938 inpatient stays). These codings use the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). RESULTS The number of inpatient stays with dementia and OPLOCI due to alcohol increased from 34 to 1704 from 2007 to 2017. While the number of diagnosed dementias remained stable at around 400 from 2013, the number of OPLOCIs increased 10-fold from 2013 to 2017. This increase was not found with dementia or OPLOCI due to other psychoactive substances than alcohol. CONCLUSION Notoriety of a diagnosis in the literature seems to have an impact on the coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Rochoy
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France
- EA2694, Public Health Department, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Gautier
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France
| | - Johana Béné
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Chazard
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- EA2694, Public Health Department, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen ST, Volle D, Jalil J, Wu P, Small GW. Health-Promoting Strategies for the Aging Brain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:213-236. [PMID: 30686664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages and people live longer, the changes in the aging brain present substantial challenges to our health and society. With greater longevity come age-related diseases, many of which have direct and indirect influences on the health of the brain. Although there is some degree of predictable decline in brain functioning with aging, meaningful cognitive decline is not inevitable and is perhaps preventable. In this review, we present the case that the course of aging-related brain disease and dysfunction can be modified. We present the evidence for conditions and risk factors that may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia and for interventions that may mitigate their impact on cognitive functioning later in life, or even prevent them and their cognitive sequelae from developing. Although much work remains to be done to meet the challenges of the aging brain, strategies to promote its health have been demonstrated and offer much promise, which can only be realized if we mount a vigorous public health effort to implement these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
| | - Dax Volle
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jason Jalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Pauline Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Sakib MN, Shooshtari S, St. John P, Menec V. The prevalence of multimorbidity and associations with lifestyle factors among middle-aged Canadians: an analysis of Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:243. [PMID: 30819126 PMCID: PMC6394050 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity can be defined as the presence of more than one chronic condition in an individual. Research on multimorbidity has predominantly focused on older adults and few studies have examined multimorbidity in middle-aged people. The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine the prevalence of multimorbidity among middle-aged Canadians; and 2) examine the association between lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity) and multimorbidity in this age group. METHODS In this analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, we extracted data from 29,841 participants aged 45-64 years from a database of 51,338 people aged 45-85 years. Self-reported data on 27 chronic physical health conditions were used to derive different multimorbidity definitions. We estimated the prevalence of 3+ to 5+ chronic physical health conditions in different subgroups for descriptive purposes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, and multimorbidity using a 3+ multimorbidity case definition. RESULT We found that 39.6% (99% CI 38.4-40.7) of participants had three or more chronic conditions with a mean number of chronic condition of 2.41 (99% CI 2.37-2.46). The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age from 29.7% in the 45-49-year-old age group to 52% in individuals aged 60-64 years. The prevalence of 4+ and 5+ chronic conditions was 24.5 and 14.2% respectively. Analyses indicated that female sex and low income were associated with higher odds of multimorbidity, whereas daily or weekly alcohol intake were associated with lower odds of multimorbidity. Exercise was not associated with multimorbidity. Results were similar when analyses were conducted separately for women and men. CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity is not limited to older adults, but is a common phenomenon among middle-aged people. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the temporal relationship between lifestyle factors and multimorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmus Sakib
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Shahin Shooshtari
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Philip St. John
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Verena Menec
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Nassif EF, Arsène-Henry A, Kirova YM. Brain metastases and treatment: multiplying cognitive toxicities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:327-341. [PMID: 30755047 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1582336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirty per cent of cancer patients develop brain metastases, with multiple combination or sequential treatment modalities available, to treat systemic or central nervous system (CNS) disease. Most patients experience toxicities as a result of these treatments, of which cognitive impairment is one of the adverse events most commonly reported, causing major impairment of the patient's quality of life. Areas covered: This article reviews the role of cancer treatments in cognitive decline of patients with brain metastases: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies and hormone therapy. Pathological and molecular mechanisms, as well as future directions for limiting cognitive toxicities are also presented. Other causes of cognitive impairment in this population are discussed in order to refine the benefit-risk balance of each treatment modality. Expert opinion: Cumulative cognitive toxicity should be taken into account, and tailored to the patient's cognitive risk in the light of the expected survival benefit. Standardization of cognitive assessment in this context is needed in order to better appreciate each treatment's responsibility in cognitive impairment, keeping in mind disease itself impacts cognition in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Nassif
- a Department of Radiotherapy , Institut Curie , Paris , France
| | | | - Youlia M Kirova
- a Department of Radiotherapy , Institut Curie , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Luberto C, Haley JD, Del Poeta M. Imaging with mass spectrometry, the next frontier in sphingolipid research? A discussion on where we stand and the possibilities ahead. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 219:1-14. [PMID: 30641043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last ten years, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the favored analytical technique for sphingolipid (SPL) analysis and measurements. Indeed MS has the unique ability to both acquire sensitive and quantitative measurements and to resolve the molecular complexity characteristic of SPL molecules, both across the different SPL families and within the same SPL family. Currently, two complementary MS-based approaches are used for lipid research: analysis of lipid extracts, mainly by infusion electrospray ionization (ESI), and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) from a sample surface (i.e. intact tissue sections, cells, model membranes, thin layer chromatography plates) (Fig. 1). The first allows for sensitive and quantitative information about total lipid molecular species from a given specimen from which lipids have been extracted and chromatographically separated prior to the analysis; the second, albeit generally less quantitative and less specific in the identification of molecular species due to the complexity of the sample, allows for spatial information of lipid molecules from biological specimens. In the field of SPL research, MS analysis of lipid extracts from biological samples has been commonly utilized to implicate the role of these lipids in specific biological functions. On the other hand, the utilization of MSI in SPL research represents a more recent development that has started to provide interesting descriptive observations regarding the distribution of specific classes of SPLs within tissues. Thus, it is the aim of this review to discuss how MSI technology has been employed to extend the study of SPL metabolism and the type of information that has been obtained from model membranes, single cells and tissues. We envision this discussion as a complementary compendium to the excellent technical reviews recently published about the specifics of MSI technologies, including their application to SPL analysis (Fuchs et al., 2010; Berry et al., 2011; Ellis et al., 2013; Eberlin et al., 2011; Kraft and Klitzing, 2014).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Veterans Administrations Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. However, some patterns of drinking have been associated with beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS To clarify the relationship between alcohol use and dementia, we conducted a scoping review based on a systematic search of systematic reviews published from January 2000 to October 2017 by using Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. Overall, 28 systematic reviews were identified: 20 on the associations between the level of alcohol use and the incidence of cognitive impairment/dementia, six on the associations between dimensions of alcohol use and specific brain functions, and two on induced dementias. Although causality could not be established, light to moderate alcohol use in middle to late adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Heavy alcohol use was associated with changes in brain structures, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of all types of dementia. CONCLUSION Reducing heavy alcohol use may be an effective dementia prevention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 Germany
| | - Omer S. M. Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra E. Black
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
| | - Kevin D. Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network (THEN), 39 quai de Valmy, Paris, 75010 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Lier J, Winter K, Bleher J, Grammig J, Mueller WC, Streit W, Bechmann I. Loss of IBA1-Expression in brains from individuals with obesity and hepatic dysfunction. Brain Res 2019; 1710:220-229. [PMID: 30615888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, exhibit constitutive expression of the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), a cytoplasmic protein with actin and calcium-binding functions involved in membrane ruffling. Microglia are long-lived cells that exhibit a senescent morphology (dystrophy) with aging, which may be indicative of cell dysfunction. It has been reported that dystrophy of IBA1-positive microglia is exacerbated in obese humans. Our own preliminary studies of microglia in the medial temporal lobe of obese subjects have revealed another microglial abnormality, which is the loss of IBA1 immunoreactivity that can create large areas in the brain seemingly devoid of all microglial cells. Here, we systematically compared microglial appearance in human hippocampi derived from obese individuals compared to controls (nobese = 33, nnon-obese = 30). In both groups, we found areas that were negative for IBA1, but contained P2YR12 and glutathione-peroxidase 1 (GPX)-positive microglia. The number and extent of IBA1-negative regions was increased in obese cases. Since some cases of non-obese individuals also exhibited loss of IBA-1 immunoreactivity, we searched for possible confounders and found that hepatic dysfunction strongly impacts the distribution of microglial cells: By computational analysis of scanned IBA1-stained sections, we detected increased Mean Empty Space distances (p = 0.016) and IBA1-negative areas (p = 0.090) which were independent from the cause of liver dysfunction, but also from aging. Thus, we report on a novel type of microglia pathological change, i.e. localized loss of IBA1 that is linked, at least in part, to obesity and hepatic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lier
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Johannes Bleher
- University of Tuebingen - Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Germany
| | - Joachim Grammig
- University of Tuebingen - Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wu J, Dong W, Pan XF, Feng L, Yuan JM, Pan A, Koh WP. Relation of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in midlife with risk of cognitive impairment in late life: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Age Ageing 2019; 48:101-107. [PMID: 30307472 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background the relations of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with risk of cognitive impairment remain inconsistent. Methods to examine the independent and joint relations of smoking and alcohol drinking with cognitive impairment, we used data from 16,948 men and women, who had been followed-up for 16-23 (mean of 20) years as participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort. Data on smoking and alcohol drinking were collected at baseline (1993-98), when participants were aged 45-74 (mean 53) years. Cognition was assessed using a 30-item Mini-Mental State Examination during follow-up three visits (2014-16), when participants were aged 61-96 (mean 73) years. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results cognitive impairment was present in 2,443 (14.4%) participants. Compared with non-current smokers, current smokers had 20% increased risk (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04-1.39). Compared with those who drank less than weekly, regular alcohol drinking (at least weekly) had 17% increased risk (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01-1.36). Compared with those who were neither smokers nor drinkers, those who were either current smokers or regular drinkers alone had no significantly increased risk, while the risk was highest in those who were both current smokers and regular drinkers (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.39-2.26, Pinteraction = 0.003). Conclusions co-existence of smoking and regular alcohol drinking at midlife had a much stronger impact than the individual factors on risk of cognitive impairment in late life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenhong Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Martín ISM, Barato VP, Oliva SL, Rodríguez M, Yurrita LC, Cabañas MJC, Rojo SS, de la Calle L, Díaz EÁ, Santos YQ, Pascual PE, Nieto MV, Vilar EG. Body Composition, Dietary, and Gustatory Function Assessment in People With Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:508-515. [PMID: 29916258 PMCID: PMC10852479 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518782173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observe the association of foods habits, body composition, lifestyle habits, and loss of gustatory function with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This comparative study enrolled 75 patients with AD (mean age 77.5 years) and 267 healthy volunteers (mean age 73 years). Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, and waist circumference were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the Mediterranean-Diet-Adherence Screener. Gustatory function was investigated using a threshold and triangle test. RESULTS Cases with AD presented lower BMI and weight and higher sleep hours, being statistically significant the difference between cases and controls ( P = .02; P = .001; P = .001, respectively). Patients with AD showed lower adherence to exercise and Mediterranean diet as shown by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener-score (8.12 ± 2.5 vs 8.65 ± 2.4). The gustatory function was impaired in patients with AD when compared to controls. CONCLUSION Patients with AD show worst outcomes in terms of anthropometric measurements, lifestyle habits (diet, exercise), and gustatory function than controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Paredes Barato
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara López Oliva
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Collado Yurrita
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Ciudad Cabañas
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sanz Rojo
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Licia de la Calle
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ávila Díaz
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Quevedo Santos
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Villanueva Nieto
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Garicano Vilar
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Xu H, Vorderstrasse AA, McConnell ES, Dupre ME, Østbye T, Wu B. Migration and cognitive function: a conceptual framework for Global Health Research. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:34. [PMID: 30519639 PMCID: PMC6267896 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a fundamental demographic process that has been observed globally. It is suggested that migration is an issue of global health importance that can have an immediate and lasting impact on an individual's health and well-being. There is now an increasing body of evidence linking migration with cognitive function in older adults. In this paper, we synthesized the current evidence to develop a general conceptual framework to understand the factors contributing to the association between migration and cognitive function. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted on the associations between migration and cognition among middle-aged and older adults. RESULTS Five potential mechanisms were identified from the literature: 1) socioeconomic status-including education, occupation, and income; 2) psychosocial factors-including social networks, social support, social stressors, and discrimination; 3) behavioral factors-including smoking, drinking, and health service utilization; 4) physical and psychological health status-including chronic conditions, physical function, and depression; and 5) environmental factors-including both physical and social environment. Several underlying factors were also identified-including early-life conditions, gender, and genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS The factors linking migration and cognitive function are multidimensional and complex. This conceptual framework highlights potential implications for global health policies and planning on healthy aging and migrant health. Additional studies are needed to further examine these mechanisms to extend and refine our general conceptual framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Xu
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Eleanor S McConnell
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 4Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Matthew E Dupre
- 5Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 6Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 7Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 6Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 8Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Bei Wu
- 3New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Amor S, Châlons P, Aires V, Delmas D. Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6040106. [PMID: 30453669 PMCID: PMC6313659 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the “French Paradox” concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Amor
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Pauline Châlons
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Amor S, Châlons P, Aires V, Delmas D. Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers. DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018. [PMID: 30453669 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040106]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the "French Paradox" concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Amor
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Pauline Châlons
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Konishi Y, Nakata Y, Nemoto A, Ushijima M, Matsuura M. The preoperative risk factors of postoperative self-extubation in elderly patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2018; 30:9-18. [PMID: 30175984 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-extubation of tubes and catheters causes various adverse events in postoperative patients. We investigated preoperative risk factors associated with self-extubation. DESIGN A matched case-control study. SETTING Teikyo University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Postoperative patients over 50 years old. METHODS Sixty-five patients with a comment in the incident report about self-extubation within 7 postoperative days were recruited for the case group. One hundred ninety-five matched patients in the control group were randomly recruited from an electronic medical record. This group was three times larger than the case group. The matching factors were age, sex, type of tube, duration of tube insertion, and year of the incident. Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Sixty-five self-extubation events occurred, and constituted 6.5% of 996 postoperative incident reports. Three significant preoperative risk factors were abdominal operation (odds ratio [OR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05-10.83), history of dementia (OR, 10.71; 95% CI, 1.45-132.55), and preoperative hemoglobin level (OR, 0.77 per 1.0 g/dL increase; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with a history of dementia and low preoperative hemoglobin are at a risk of postoperative self-extubation, especially after an abdominal operation. These predictors can contribute to the more effective prevention of perioperative self-extubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Konishi
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoshinori Nakata
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Nemoto
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Ushijima
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsuura
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhu S, Zhao J, Chen Z, Wang Y. Influential factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged cohort: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12033. [PMID: 30212932 PMCID: PMC6156020 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated cognitive decline is closely linked to illness, dementia, increased mortality, and is a major health and social issue. The purpose of this study was to determine modifiable factors associated with cognitive performance.We analyzed data from a random sample of participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a cross-sectional survey, of the US population, aged 20 to 59 years, who underwent computer-based neurocognitive testing. There were 5 outcome measures in 3 neurocognitive tests: the mean of simple reaction time test, the mean total latency of the symbol digit substitution test (SDST), the average number of errors of the SDST, the average trials to criterion of the serial digit learning test (SDLT), and the average total score of the SDLT.Socioeconomic status, including older age, black ethnicity, lower income ratio, and lower education level, were associated with poorer neurocognitive function in all analyzed tests. In addition, participants with poor health, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers performed worse in all administered tests compared with individuals with good health, smokers, and participants consuming alcoholic beverages. Dietary and biochemical characteristics of the blood were not consistently associated with neurocognitive performance.Our results indicate that socioeconomic factors, health-related and dietary habits, biochemical parameters of the blood, and job category were associated with neurocognitive performance in visual attention, learning, and concentration in a large, nationally representative sample of healthy, ethnically diverse 20 to 59-year-olds. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of cognitive aging and the factors that contribute to its individual differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Emergency, HangZhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Department of Emergency, HangZhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Nilsson H, Sanmartin Berglund J, Renvert S. Longitudinal evaluation of periodontitis and development of cognitive decline among older adults. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1142-1149. [PMID: 30076762 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether having periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline among older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective population study of older adults, Swedish National Study on Ageing and Care, (SNAC) provided repeated registrations of cognitive functions. Cognitive decline was defined as ≥3-points deterioration from a predetermined level at baseline, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Between 2001 and 2003, 715 individuals had a medical as well as a clinical and radiographic dental examination. The individuals were re-examined after 6 years. Periodontitis was defined as ≥4 mm bone loss at ≥30% of tooth sites. Social variables were captured from questionnaires. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between prevalence of periodontitis and cognitive decline after adjustments of confounding factors of importance. CONCLUSIONS A history of periodontitis may be of importance for cognitive functions among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Sanmartin Berglund
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Renvert
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.,School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,School of Dental Science, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Rocaspana-García M, Blanco-Blanco J, Arias-Pastor A, Gea-Sánchez M, Piñol-Ripoll G. Study of community-living Alzheimer's patients' adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risks of malnutrition at different disease stages. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5150. [PMID: 30002978 PMCID: PMC6037138 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by deficits in episodic memory. It is the most common form of dementia and affects 50–70% of patients with cognitive impairments over the age of 65. Elderly people are particularly susceptible to malnutrition and that risk is even higher in patients with AD. This study assessed the nutritional status of patients with AD at different stages of AD and explored how that status correlated with cognitive, functional and behavioural variables and caregiver overburden. The characteristics of the diet and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were also analysed. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that was representative of the general population and it was carried out in the Unit of Cognitive Disorders, Lleida, Spain. The participants were 111 subjects with AD who were aged 65 and over and still living at home. The subjects’ nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Controlling Nutritional Status system. The monthly food intake was estimated using the short Food Frequency Questionnaire and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) were also used. Results We found that 68% of the subjects presented with a risk of malnutrition and 19% were malnourished according to the MNA scale. Patients ate a higher quantity of meat and dairy products than recommended and fewer products from the remaining healthier food groups. Of the 111 subjects, 73% showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 27% showed moderate adherence. There was a partial correlation between nutritional status and the MMSE when the data were adjusted for age and sex (r = 0, 318; p = 0.001) and inverse correlations were found for functional status (r = − 0.283; p = 0.004) and the NPI (r = − 0.409; p = 0.000) and ZBI scales (r = − 0.433; p = 0.000) when they were adjusted using the same variables. The ZBI scale (OR 1.08, 95% CI [1.01–1.15]) showed an increase in the risk of malnutrition in the multivariate analysis. Discussion Alterations in nutritional status were more common during the advanced stages of AD and were also associated with behavioural changes and caregiver overburden. Low adherence to traditional healthy diets in Mediterranean countries and food intake profiles should be considered when managing patients with AD. Other countries can use the results to examine diets in people with AD that are high in meat and dairy and low in healthy food groups like fruit and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Blanco-Blanco
- GESEC Research Group, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alfonso Arias-Pastor
- Unit of Cognitive Disorders, Santa Maria University Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gea-Sánchez
- GESEC Research Group, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unit of Cognitive Disorders, Santa Maria University Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Fischer K, Melo van Lent D, Wolfsgruber S, Weinhold L, Kleineidam L, Bickel H, Scherer M, Eisele M, van den Bussche H, Wiese B, König HH, Weyerer S, Pentzek M, Röhr S, Maier W, Jessen F, Schmid M, Riedel-Heller SG, Wagner M. Prospective Associations between Single Foods, Alzheimer's Dementia and Memory Decline in the Elderly. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070852. [PMID: 29966314 PMCID: PMC6073331 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence whether single “cognitive health” foods could prevent cognitive decline is limited. We investigated whether dietary intake of red wine, white wine, coffee, green tea, olive oil, fresh fish, fruits and vegetables, red meat and sausages, assessed by a single-food-questionnaire, would be associated with either incident Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) or verbal memory decline. Methods: Participants aged 75+ of the German Study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) cohort were regularly followed over 10 years (n = 2622; n = 418 incident AD cases). Multivariable-adjusted joint modeling of repeated-measures and survival analysis was used, taking gender and Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) genotype into account as possible effect modifiers. Results: Only higher red wine intake was associated with a lower incidence of AD (HR = 0.92; P = 0.045). Interestingly, this was true only for men (HR = 0.82; P < 0.001), while in women higher red wine intake was associated with a higher incidence of AD (HR = 1.15; P = 0.044), and higher white wine intake with a more pronounced memory decline over time (HR = −0.13; P = 0.052). Conclusion: We found no evidence for these single foods to be protective against cognitive decline, with the exception of red wine, which reduced the risk for AD only in men. Women could be more susceptible to detrimental effects of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Fischer
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, 8037 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marion Eisele
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- WG Medical Statistics and IT-Infrastructure, Institute of General Practice, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40227 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 01403 Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 01403 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 01403 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Piumatti G, Moore SC, Berridge DM, Sarkar C, Gallacher J. The relationship between alcohol use and long-term cognitive decline in middle and late life: a longitudinal analysis using UK Biobank. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:304-311. [PMID: 29325150 PMCID: PMC6051452 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using UK Biobank data, this study sought to explain the causal relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive decline in middle and older aged populations. Methods Data from 13 342 men and women, aged between 40 and 73 years were used in regression analysis that tested the functional relationship and impact of alcohol on cognitive performance. Performance was measured using mean reaction time (RT) and intra-individual variation (IIV) in RT, collected in response to a perceptual matching task. Covariates included body mass index, physical activity, tobacco use, socioeconomic status, education and baseline cognitive function. Results A restricted cubic spline regression with three knots showed how the linear (β1 = -0.048, 95% CI: -0.105 to -0.030) and non-linear effects (β2 = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.007-0.059) of alcohol use on mean RT and IIV in RT (β1 = -0.055, 95% CI: -0.125 to -0.034; β2 = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.002-0.064) were significant adjusting for covariates. Cognitive function declined as alcohol use increased beyond 10 g/day. Decline was more apparent as age increased. Conclusions The relationship between alcohol use and cognitive function is non-linear. Consuming more than one UK standard unit of alcohol per day is detrimental to cognitive performance and is more pronounced in older populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piumatti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Moore
- Violence & Society Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Damon M Berridge
- Farr Institute—CIPHER, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea UK
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Richard EL, Kritz-Silverstein D, Laughlin GA, Fung TT, Barrett-Connor E, McEvoy LK. Alcohol Intake and Cognitively Healthy Longevity in Community-Dwelling Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:803-814. [PMID: 28671111 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the association of alcohol intake with cognitively healthy longevity (CHL), we explored the association between amount and frequency of alcohol intake and CHL among 1,344 older community-dwelling adults. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaire in 1984-1987. Cognitive function was assessed in approximate four-year intervals between 1988 and 2009. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for multiple lifestyle and health factors, was used to examine the association between alcohol consumption and CHL (living to age 85 without cognitive impairment), survival to age 85 with cognitive impairment (MMSE score >1.5 standard deviations below expectation for age, sex, and education), or death before age 85. Most participants (88%) reported some current alcohol intake; 49% reported a moderate amount of alcohol intake, and 48% reported drinking near-daily. Relative to nondrinkers, moderate and heavy drinkers (up to 3 drinks/day for women and for men 65 years and older, up to 4 drinks/day for men under 65 years) had significantly higher adjusted odds of survival to age 85 without cognitive impairment (p's < 0.05). Near-daily drinkers had 2-3 fold higher adjusted odds of CHL versus living to at least age 85 with cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 3.49) or death before 85 (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.92, 5.46). Although excessive drinking has negative health consequences, these results suggest that regular, moderate drinking may play a role in cognitively healthy longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Richard
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donna Kritz-Silverstein
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gail A Laughlin
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Simmons College, Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
The CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Is Sensitive to Alcohol-Related Cognitive Deficiencies in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24:360-371. [PMID: 29103404 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse effects of heavy drinking on cognition have frequently been reported. In the present study, we systematically examined for the first time whether clinical neuropsychological assessments may be sensitive to alcohol abuse in elderly patients with suspected minor neurocognitive disorder. METHODS A total of 144 elderly with and without alcohol abuse (each group n=72; mean age 66.7 years) were selected from a patient pool of n=738 by applying propensity score matching (a statistical method allowing to match participants in experimental and control group by balancing various covariates to reduce selection bias). Accordingly, study groups were almost perfectly matched regarding age, education, gender, and Mini Mental State Examination score. Neuropsychological performance was measured using the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease). Classification analyses (i.e., decision tree and boosted trees models) were conducted to examine whether CERAD variables or total score contributed to group classification. RESULTS Decision tree models disclosed that groups could be reliably classified based on the CERAD variables "Word List Discriminability" (tapping verbal recognition memory, 64% classification accuracy) and "Trail Making Test A" (measuring visuo-motor speed, 59% classification accuracy). Boosted tree analyses further indicated the sensitivity of "Word List Recall" (measuring free verbal recall) for discriminating elderly with versus without a history of alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that specific CERAD variables seem to be sensitive to alcohol-related cognitive dysfunctions in elderly patients with suspected minor neurocognitive disorder. (JINS, 2018, 24, 360-371).
Collapse
|
88
|
Hassing LB. Light Alcohol Consumption Does Not Protect Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:81. [PMID: 29632484 PMCID: PMC5879951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that light to moderate alcohol consumption is related to better health and higher cognitive performance. However, it has been suggested that this association is caused by a systematic bias in the control group as many people abstain from drinking or quit because of health issues. Therefore, the group of non-drinkers is biased towards poor health and may not be suitable as a control group. The present study examined the effect of alcohol on cognitive performance while addressing this bias by excluding the non-drinkers. Thus, instead of comparing different levels of alcohol consumption to a non-drinking control group, a dose-response association was calculated between all levels of alcohol intake and cognitive performance. The study used information from a sample of people in the Swedish Twin Registry, who in their midlife (1967) participated in a survey on alcohol intake and 25 years later participated in a longitudinal study on cognitive aging (N = 486). The cognitive aging study took place on five occasions, at 2-year intervals, and included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), tests of episodic memory, semantic memory and spatial ability. The association between midlife alcohol consumption and later cognitive performance was analyzed using growth curve models, adjusting for background variables. The findings showed that there was a significant negative dose-response association between alcohol intake in midlife and the MMSE, and the tests of episodic memory, such that higher intake in midlife was related to lower performance in old age. The associations between alcohol and semantic memory, and spatial ability respectively, were not significant. In contrast to findings from other studies, which show that low to moderate alcohol intake promotes cognitive function, the current study showed that alcohol intake was related to lower cognitive performance in a dose-response manner, even at low levels. The results from this study indicate that the observed benefits of moderate alcohol intake for cognitive function reported by others might be solely due to comparisons to an inappropriate control group, a group that is biased towards poor health. Hence, it is concluded that light alcohol intake may not protect cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda B Hassing
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Bray JW, Hinde JM, Aldridge AP. Alcohol use and the wage returns to education and work experience. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 27:e87-e100. [PMID: 28833856 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a widely held belief that alcohol use should negatively impact wages, much of the literature on the topic suggests a positive relationship between nonproblematic alcohol use and wages. Studies on the effect of alcohol use on educational attainment have also failed to find a consistent, negative effect of alcohol use on years of education. Thus, the connections between alcohol use, human capital, and wages remain a topic of debate in the literature. In this study, we use the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate a theoretical model of wage determination that links alcohol use to wages via human capital. We find that nonbinge drinking is associated with lower wage returns to education whereas binge drinking is associated with increased wage returns to both education and work experience. We interpret these counterintuitive results as evidence that alcohol use affects wages through both the allocative and productive efficiency of human capital formation and that these effects operate in offsetting directions. We suggest that alcohol control policies should be more nuanced to target alcohol consumption in the contexts within which it causes harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Bray
- Department of Economics, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jesse M Hinde
- RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Public Policy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Topiwala A, Ebmeier KP. Effects of drinking on late-life brain and cognition. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2018; 21:12-15. [PMID: 29273599 PMCID: PMC10270452 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2017-102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is common in Western countries and has been increasing in older adults. Latest figures from Great Britain suggest 75% of those over 65 years drink, an increase from 71% 10 years ago. Chronic heavy intake is a well-established cause of brain atrophy and dementia, with a recent long-term prospective study from the USA reporting a doubling of the odds of later severe memory impairment in those with a history of an alcohol use disorder. Drinking of moderate amounts has been reported to be protective for brain health in a number of epidemiological studies, including some claims of possibly reducing dementia risk. Rigorous recent research has questioned this belief, with new evidence of harmful associations in moderate drinkers compared with abstainers. This has raised suspicion that reported protective effects of moderate drinking were due to confounding by socioeconomic class and intelligence. Clinicians should look out for cognitive impairment in heavy drinkers, considering that abstinence may induce a degree of clinical improvement. Discussions with patients regarding moderate drinking should be informed by recent research. Health benefits of moderate drinking at least for cognitive function are questionable, and if they exist are probably limited to one unit of alcohol daily with respect to other body systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anya Topiwala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus Peter Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Heymann D, Stern Y, Cosentino S, Tatarina-Nulman O, Dorrejo JN, Gu Y. The Association Between Alcohol Use and the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 13:1356-1362. [PMID: 27628432 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160603005035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between alcohol, both the amount and type, and cognitive decline in a cohort of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS A cohort of 360 patients with early AD in New York, Boston, Baltimore and Paris were followed-up biannually for up to 19.28 years. At each visit, the cognitive profile of the patients was assessed using the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMSE), and patients' alcohol intake, including beverage type, was reported by patients' primary caregivers. General estimating equation analysis was used to determine whether baseline alcohol use was associated with the rate of cognitive decline. RESULTS Heavy drinkers (8 or more alcoholic drinks/week) had a faster cognitive decline, deteriorating 1.849 more points on their mMMSE score annually compared to abstainers (P = 0.001), or 2.444 more points compared to mild-moderate drinkers (1-7 alcoholic drinks/week) (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference when comparing mild-moderate drinkers to abstainers. Increasing standard drinks of hard liquor, but not beer or wine, was also associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline (β = -0.117 P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Heavy alcohol consumption and more hard liquor are associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in AD patients, suggesting that they may hasten progression of AD. Our results suggest that alcohol drinking habits might alter the course of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yian Gu
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Mehta HB, Mehta V, Goodwin JS. Association of Hypoglycemia With Subsequent Dementia in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1110-1116. [PMID: 27784724 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the association of hypoglycemia with dementia. We evaluated an association of hypoglycemia with subsequent dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, an electronic medical records data from the United Kingdom, from 2003 to 2012. We included patients aged >65 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with no prior diagnosis of dementia. Dementia was defined using diagnosis codes from medical records. All patients were followed from the date of initial diabetes diagnosis. To account for competing risk of death, we used Fine and Gray's competing risk model to determine the association of hypoglycemia with dementia while adjusting for potential confounders. Hypoglycemia was modeled as a time-dependent covariate. Results Of 53,055 patients, 5.7% (n = 3,018) had at least one hypoglycemia episodes. The overall incidence rate of dementia was 12.7 per 1,000 person-years. In the fully adjusted model that controlled for all confounders, the occurrence of at least one hypoglycemia episode was associated with 27% higher odds of subsequent dementia (hazard ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.51). The risk increased with the number of hypoglycemia episodes: one episode (hazard ratio = 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.54); two or more episodes (hazard ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.08). Conclusions Hypoglycemia is associated with a higher risk of dementia and may be responsible in part for the higher risk of dementia in patients with diabetes. Alternatively, hypoglycemia may be a marker for undiagnosed cognitive impairment, and we cannot rule out the possibility of reverse causation between hypoglycemia and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James S Goodwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
Collapse
|
94
|
Kimoto A, Izu H, Fu C, Suidasari S, Kato N. Effects of low dose of ethanol on the senescence score, brain function and gene expression in senescence-accelerated mice 8 (SAMP8). Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1433-1440. [PMID: 28810607 PMCID: PMC5525595 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence suggests light to moderate alcohol intake reduces risk of several chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding the effects of low alcohol intake in animal studies. This study investigated the effect of low ethanol dosage on senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8), an animal model of aging and neurodegenaration. Male SAMP8 mice (11 weeks old) had free access to a commercial stock diet with drinking water containing 0, 1 or 2% (v/v) ethanol for 15 weeks. The total grading score of senescence in the 1%-ethanol group was, in large part, the lowest among the three groups. Analysis using the open-field test revealed a significant elevation (+77%, P<0.05) in the rearing activity (index of seeking behavior) in the 1%-ethanol group, but not in the 2%-ethanol group. In addition, 2% ethanol elevated spontaneous locomotor activity (+75%, P<0.05), whereas 1% ethanol did not. Scrutiny of serum parameters indicated intake of 1% ethanol significantly decreased serum insulin levels (-13%, P<0.05), whereas 2% did not. Intake of 2% ethanol significantly elevated (2.5-fold, P<0.05) S100a8 mRNA (an inflammatory signal) in the brain, but that of 1% ethanol did not. Intriguingly, 1% ethanol intake remarkably elevated (10-fold, P<0.05) mRNA of brain alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1), which metabolizes lipid-peroxidation products and is involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid, a neuroprotective factor. Of note, 2%-ethanol intake did not exert this effect. Taken together, intake of 1% ethanol is likely to be beneficial for SAMP8 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kimoto
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hanae Izu
- Quality and Evaluation Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Churan Fu
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Sofya Suidasari
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Solfrizzi V, Custodero C, Lozupone M, Imbimbo BP, Valiani V, Agosti P, Schilardi A, D’Introno A, La Montagna M, Calvani M, Guerra V, Sardone R, Abbrescia DI, Bellomo A, Greco A, Daniele A, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Sabbá C, Panza F. Relationships of Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Micro- and Macronutrients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Life Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:815-849. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno P. Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valiani
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Agosti
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Schilardi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia D’Introno
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Calvani
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Guerra
- National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana, Bari, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela I. Abbrescia
- National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbá
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Schwarzinger M, Thiébaut SP, Baillot S, Mallet V, Rehm J. Alcohol use disorders and associated chronic disease - a national retrospective cohort study from France. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:43. [PMID: 28732487 PMCID: PMC5521064 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on diseases caused by or associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has been based on two meta-analyses including rather dated studies. The objective of this contribution was to estimate the risks of all-cause mortality and alcohol-attributable disease categories depending on a diagnosis of AUDs in a national sample for France. METHODS In a national retrospective cohort study on all inpatient acute and rehabilitation care patients in Metropolitan France 2008-2012 (N = 26,356,361), AUDs and other disease categories were identified from all discharge diagnoses according to standard definitions, and we relied on in-hospital death for mortality (57.4% of all deaths). RESULTS 704,803 (2.7%) patients identified with AUDs had a threefold higher risk of death (HR = 2.98; 95% CI: 2.96-3.00) and died on average 12.2 years younger (men: 10.4, 95% CI: 10.3-10.5; women: 13.7, 95% CI: 13.6-13.9). AUDs were associated with significantly higher risks of hospital admission for all alcohol-attributable disease categories: digestive diseases, cancers (exception: breast cancer), cardiovascular diseases, dementia, infectious diseases, and injuries. Elevated risks were highest for liver diseases that were associated with about two-third of deaths in patients with AUDs (men: 64.3%; women: 71.1%). CONCLUSIONS AUDs were associated with marked premature mortality and higher risks of alcohol-attributable disease categories. Our results support the urgent need of measures to reduce the burden of AUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network (THEN), 39 quai de Valmy, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvain Baillot
- Translational Health Economics Network (THEN), 39 quai de Valmy, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mallet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, (UMR-S1016), CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Centre d’Immunologie Humaine (UMS20), Paris, France; Hepatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
- Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Gong YS, Hu K, Yang LQ, Guo J, Gao YQ, Song FL, Hou FL, Liang CY. Comparative effects of EtOH consumption and thiamine deficiency on cognitive impairment, oxidative damage, and β-amyloid peptide overproduction in the brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:163-173. [PMID: 28342849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic EtOH consumption, associated or not with thiamine deficiency (TD), on cognitive impairment, oxidative damage, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brain were investigated in male C57BL/6 mice. We established an alcoholic mouse model by feeding an EtOH liquid diet, a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-depleted liquid diet, and an EtOH treatment associated with TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-depleted EtOH liquid diet for 7 weeks. The learning and memory functions of the mice were detected through the Y-maze test. Biochemical parameters were measured using corresponding commercial kits. The Aβ expression in the hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Several results were obtained. First, EtOH significantly reduced cognitive function by significantly decreasing the Glu content in the hippocampus; increasing the AChE activity in the cortex; and reducing the thiamine level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities in both the hippocampus and cortex. The treatment also increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nitric oxide (NO) and the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Furthermore, EtOH enhanced the expression levels of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 in the hippocampus. Second, TD induced the same dysfunctions caused by EtOH in the biochemical parameters, except for learning ability, 8-OHdG content, and GPx, tNOS, and AChE activities in the cortex. Third, the modification of MDA, protein carbonyl and NO levels, and GPx, iNOS, ChAT, and MAO-B activities in the brain induced by chronic EtOH treatment associated with TD was greater than that induced by EtOH or TD alone. The synergistic effects of EtOH and TD on Aβ1-40 and Glu release, as well as on SOD activity, depended on their actions on the hippocampus or cortex. These findings suggest that chronic EtOH consumption can induce TD, cognitive impairment, Aβ accumulation, oxidative stress injury, and neurotransmitter metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, the association of chronic EtOH consumption with TD causes dramatic brain dysfunctions with a severe effect on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Gong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Kun Hu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lu-Qi Yang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Juan Guo
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Yong-Qing Gao
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Feng-Lin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fang-Li Hou
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Cui-Yi Liang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Chen YH, Lo RY. Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2017; 29:138-142. [PMID: 28974906 PMCID: PMC5615992 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_54_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are both common degenerative diseases in the elderly population. The incidence of both diseases increases with age and will be posing enormous societal burden worldwide. It may appear that AD and osteoporosis are two distinct diseases although many risk factors are shared. Previous observational studies have shown that patients with osteoporosis have higher risks of developing AD than those who do not have osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis, falls, and fractures are more often seen in patients with AD than other older adults, the association between these two diseases may be due to a pathophysiological link rather than one condition causing the other. Several in vitro and in vivo studies lend support to this notion. Patients with AD have excessive amyloid plaques in the brain, and the pathology may extend to peripheral organs and cause skeletal amyloid deposition, which would enhance receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand signaling and lead to greater osteoclast activities. Patients with osteoporosis may have Vitamin D deficiency or lower levels of Vitamin D binding protein, which protects against amyloid aggregation, thus linking Vitamin D deficiency and AD or osteoporosis and AD. Osteoporosis coexisting with AD provides a window to examine the amyloid hypothesis from peripheral tissues. Future studies are warranted to clarify the role of genetic background regarding Vitamin D levels, exposure to sunlight, estrogen replacement therapy, and physical activity in patients with both chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Raymond Y. Lo
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Risk factors associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of the evidence. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:143-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
100
|
Chupel MU, Direito F, Furtado GE, Minuzzi LG, Pedrosa FM, Colado JC, Ferreira JP, Filaire E, Teixeira AM. Strength Training Decreases Inflammation and Increases Cognition and Physical Fitness in Older Women with Cognitive Impairment. Front Physiol 2017; 8:377. [PMID: 28659812 PMCID: PMC5467003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive impairment that affects older adults is commonly associated with an inflammatory imbalance, resulting in decreased physical fitness. Exercise has been pointed to mitigate immunosenescence and cognitive impairment associated with aging, while increase in physical fitness. However, few studies explored the relationship between changes in cytokine concentration and improvement on cognition due to elastic band strength training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of strength training on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, hematological markers and physical fitness of older women with cognitive impairment. Methods: Thirty-three women (82.7 ± 5.7 years old) participated in the study and were divided in two groups: strength exercise training group (ST; n = 16) and Control Group (CG; n = 17) and were evaluated before and after 28 weeks of the exercise program. The CG did not undergo any type of exercise programs. Data for IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), white blood counts (WBC), red blood counts (RBC), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and physical fitness tests were analyzed in both moments. Results: IL-10 increased in the ST group without changes in CG. TNF-α and CRP increased in the control group while no changes were observed for IFN-γ in both groups. Strength training decreased leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and increase hemoglobin, mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin concentration. The MMSE score increased in strength training group but remained unchanged in the control group. A correlation between the variation of granulocyte counts and the MMSE scores was also observed within the total sample. An improvement in physical fitness was observed with strength training. Conclusion: Resistance exercise promoted better anti-inflammatory balance and physical performance simultaneously with an increase in cognitive profile in older women with cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus U Chupel
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Direito
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Guilherme E Furtado
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciéle G Minuzzi
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa M Pedrosa
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Juan C Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - José P Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Edith Filaire
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France.,CIAMS, Université d'OrléansOrléans, France.,UMR 1019, INRA, Equipe ECREIN UNHClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|