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Alcolea D, Clarimón J, Carmona-Iragui M, Illán-Gala I, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Barroeta I, Ribosa-Nogué R, Sala I, Sánchez-Saudinós MB, Videla L, Subirana A, Benejam B, Valldeneu S, Fernández S, Estellés T, Altuna M, Santos-Santos M, García-Losada L, Bejanin A, Pegueroles J, Montal V, Vilaplana E, Belbin O, Dols-Icardo O, Sirisi S, Querol-Vilaseca M, Cervera-Carles L, Muñoz L, Núñez R, Torres S, Camacho MV, Carrió I, Giménez S, Delaby C, Rojas-Garcia R, Turon-Sans J, Pagonabarraga J, Jiménez A, Blesa R, Fortea J, Lleó A. The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort: A data set for biomarker discovery and validation in neurodegenerative disorders. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:597-609. [PMID: 31650016 PMCID: PMC6804606 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort is a multimodal biomarker platform designed for neurodegenerative disease research following an integrative approach. Methods Participants of the SPIN cohort provide informed consent to donate blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, receive detailed neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, and undergo a structural 3T brain MRI scan. A subset also undergoes other functional or imaging studies (video-polysomnogram, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, amyloid PET, Tau PET). Participants are followed annually for a minimum of 4 years, with repeated cerebrospinal fluid collection and imaging studies performed every other year, and brain donation is encouraged. Results The integration of clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biochemical, imaging, and neuropathological information and the harmonization of protocols under the same umbrella allows the discovery and validation of key biomarkers across several neurodegenerative diseases. Discussion We describe our particular 10-year experience and how different research projects were unified under an umbrella biomarker program, which might be of help to other research teams pursuing similar approaches. The SPIN cohort is a multimodal biomarker program for research in neurodegeneration. We describe how research projects were unified under an umbrella biomarker program. Integrating clinical and biological data allows discovery and validation of markers. As a clinical group, we keep the SPIN cohort focused in patient-oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Roser Ribosa-Nogué
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - M Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Subirana
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Valldeneu
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Estellés
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Miguel Santos-Santos
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Lídia García-Losada
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Víctor Montal
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Eduard Vilaplana
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Sònia Sirisi
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Marta Querol-Vilaseca
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Laia Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Raúl Núñez
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Soraya Torres
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - M Valle Camacho
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Carrió
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Giménez
- Respiratory Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constance Delaby
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Ricard Rojas-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, MND Clinic, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Ciberer, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, MND Clinic, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Ciberer, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Ciberned, Spain
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de Wilde A, Reimand J, Teunissen CE, Zwan M, Windhorst AD, Boellaard R, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, Bouwman F, Ossenkoppele R. Discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers and its clinical consequences. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:78. [PMID: 31511058 PMCID: PMC6739952 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background In vivo, high cerebral amyloid-β load has been associated with (i) reduced concentrations of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid and (ii) increased retention using amyloid-β positron emission tomography. Although these two amyloid-β biomarkers generally show good correspondence, ~ 10–20% of cases have discordant results. To assess the consequences of having discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers on clinical features, biomarkers, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories. Methods We included 768 patients (194 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 127 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 309 Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), and 138 non-AD) who were categorized as concordant-negative (n = 315, 41%), discordant (n = 97, 13%), or concordant-positive (n = 356, 46%) based on CSF and PET results. We compared discordant with both concordant-negative and concordant-positive groups on demographics, clinical syndrome, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, CSF tau, and clinical and neuropsychological progression. Results We found an increase from concordant-negative to discordant to concordant-positive in rates of APOE ε4 (28%, 55%, 70%, Z = − 10.6, P < 0.001), CSF total tau (25%, 45%, 78%, Z = − 13.7, P < 0.001), and phosphorylated tau (28%, 43%, 80%, Z = − 13.7, P < 0.001) positivity. In patients without dementia, linear mixed models showed that Mini-Mental State Examination and memory composite scores did not differ between concordant-negative (β [SE] − 0.13[0.08], P = 0.09) and discordant (β 0.08[0.15], P = 0.15) patients (Pinteraction = 0.19), while these scores declined in concordant-positive (β − 0.75[0.08] patients (Pinteraction < 0.001). In patients with dementia, longitudinal cognitive scores were not affected by amyloid-β biomarker concordance or discordance. Clinical progression rates from SCD to MCI or dementia (P = 0.01) and from MCI to dementia (P = 0.003) increased from concordant-negative to discordant to concordant-positive. Conclusions Discordant cases were intermediate to concordant-negative and concordant-positive patients in terms of genetic (APOE ε4) and CSF (tau) markers of AD. While biomarker agreement did not impact cognition in patients with dementia, discordant biomarkers are not benign in patients without dementia given their higher risk of clinical progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0532-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno de Wilde
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juhan Reimand
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.,Center of Radiology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Zwan
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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53
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Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Karl J, Zink K, Bittner T, Mattsson N, Eichenlaub U, Blennow K, Hansson O. Performance of Fully Automated Plasma Assays as Screening Tests for Alzheimer Disease-Related β-Amyloid Status. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1060-1069. [PMID: 31233127 PMCID: PMC6593637 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Accurate blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) might improve the diagnostic accuracy in primary care, referrals to memory clinics, and screenings for AD trials. Objective To examine the accuracy of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau measured using fully automated assays together with other blood-based biomarkers to detect cerebral Aβ. Design, Setting, and Participants Two prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter studies. Study participants were consecutively enrolled between July 6, 2009, and February 11, 2015 (cohort 1), and between January 29, 2000, and October 11, 2006 (cohort 2). Data were analyzed in 2018. The first cohort comprised 842 participants (513 cognitively unimpaired [CU], 265 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 64 with AD dementia) from the Swedish BioFINDER study. The validation cohort comprised 237 participants (34 CU, 109 MCI, and 94 AD dementia) from a German biomarker study. Main Outcome and Measures The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was used as the reference standard for brain Aβ status. Plasma Aβ42, Aβ40 and tau were measured using Elecsys immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics) and examined as predictors of Aβ status in logistic regression models in cohort 1 and replicated in cohort 2. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) and heavy chain (NFH) and APOE genotype were also examined in cohort 1. Results The mean (SD) age of the 842 participants in cohort 1 was 72 (5.6) years, with a range of 59 to 88 years, and 446 (52.5%) were female. For the 237 in cohort 2, mean (SD) age was 66 (10) years with a range of 23 to 85 years, and 120 (50.6%) were female. In cohort 1, plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 predicted Aβ status with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.83). When adding APOE, the AUC increased significantly to 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82-0.88). Slight improvements were seen when adding plasma tau (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.88) or tau and NFL (AUC, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.89) to Aβ42, Aβ40 and APOE. The results were similar in CU and cognitively impaired participants, and in younger and older participants. Applying the plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 model from cohort 1 in cohort 2 resulted in slightly higher AUC (0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91), but plasma tau did not contribute. Using plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, and APOE in an AD trial screening scenario reduced positron emission tomography costs up to 30% to 50% depending on cutoff. Conclusions and Relevance Plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 measured using Elecsys immunoassays predict Aβ status in all stages of AD with similar accuracy in a validation cohort. Their accuracy can be further increased by analyzing APOE genotype. Potential future applications of these blood tests include prescreening of Aβ positivity in clinical AD trials to lower the costs and number of positron emission tomography scans or lumbar punctures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tobias Bittner
- Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Spallazzi M, Barocco F, Michelini G, Immovilli P, Taga A, Morelli N, Ruffini L, Caffarra P. CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET: concordance and diagnostic accuracy in a MCI cohort. Acta Neurol Belg 2019; 119:445-452. [PMID: 30847669 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain amyloid deposition is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two approaches are available for assessing amyloid pathology in vivo: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers levels and amyloid load visualized by amyloid beta positron emission tomography imaging (Amy-PET) probes. We aimed to investigate the concordance between CSF biomarkers and Amy-PET in a memory clinic cohort. Moreover, using a proper clinical follow-up, we wanted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CSF and PET biomarkers in predicting the progression of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia. We included 31 MCI patients who underwent [18F]florbetaben PET and CSF sampling (Aβ1-42, t-Tau, p-Tau). A semiquantitative visual scan assessment was used to quantify amyloid deposition in 5 brain regions, rating from 1 (negative), to 2 and 3 (positive). CSF biomarkers were considered abnormal if: Aβ1-42 < 600 pg/ml, p-Tau/Aβ1-42 > 0.08 and t-Tau/Aβ1-42 > 0.52. We also applied less lenient cutoffs of 550 pg/ml and 450 pg/ml for Aβ1-42. The concordance rate was 77% between Amy-PET and CSF Aβ1-42 levels, and 89% between Amy-PET and p-Tau/Aβ1-42 and t-Tau/Aβ1-42. According to the clinical follow-up, Amy-PET (sensitivity [SE] 93.7%, specificity [SP] 80%) exhibited the best diagnostic accuracy in discriminating AD from non-AD, followed by p-Tau/Aβ1-42 ratio and t-Tau/Aβ1-42 ratio (SE 93.7%, SP 66.6%), and Aβ1-42 levels (SE 81%, SP 60%). The regional uptake of [18F]florbetaben PET in the precuneus and the striatum showed the best SP (86.6%). In discordant cases, the clinical diagnosis was most often in agreement with PET results. In general, concordance between CSF biomarkers and Amy-PET was good, especially when the ratios between CSF amyloid and Tau biomarkers were used. However, Amy-PET proved to be superior to CSF Aβ1-42 in terms of diagnostic accuracy for AD, with the possibility to further increase its specificity by focusing the analysis in specific areas such as the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spallazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | - Paolo Immovilli
- Department of Neurology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Arens Taga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Morelli
- Department of Neurology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Livia Ruffini
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Alzheimer Center, Briolini Hospital, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy
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Mendes T, Cardoso S, Guerreiro M, Maroco J, Silva D, Alves L, Schmand B, Gerardo B, Lima M, Santana I, de Mendonça A. Can Subjective Memory Complaints Identify Aβ Positive and Aβ Negative Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Mendes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cardoso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Maroco
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Alves
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ben Schmand
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Gerardo
- Neuropsychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Lima
- Neuropsychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
- Neuropsychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Gossye H, Van Broeckhoven C, Engelborghs S. The Use of Biomarkers and Genetic Screening to Diagnose Frontotemporal Dementia: Evidence and Clinical Implications. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:757. [PMID: 31447625 PMCID: PMC6691066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the wide range of neurodegenerative brain diseases, the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) frequently poses a challenge. Often, signs and symptoms are not characteristic of the disease and may instead reflect atypical presentations. Consequently, the use of disease biomarkers is of importance to correctly identify the patients. Here, we describe how neuropsychological characteristics, neuroimaging and neurochemical biomarkers and screening for causal gene mutations can be used to differentiate FTD from other neurodegenerative diseases as well as to distinguish between FTD subtypes. Summarizing current evidence, we propose a stepwise approach in the diagnostic evaluation. Clinical consensus criteria that take into account a full neuropsychological examination have relatively good accuracy (sensitivity [se] 75–95%, specificity [sp] 82–95%) to diagnose FTD, although misdiagnosis (mostly AD) is common. Structural brain MRI (se 70–94%, sp 89–99%) and FDG PET (se 47–90%, sp 68–98%) or SPECT (se 36–100%, sp 41–100%) brain scans greatly increase diagnostic accuracy, showing greater involvement of frontal and anterior temporal lobes, with sparing of hippocampi and medial temporal lobes. If these results are inconclusive, we suggest detecting amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that can indicate the presence of AD with good accuracy (se 74–100%, sp 82–97%). The use of P-tau181 and the Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio significantly increases the accuracy of correctly identifying FTD vs. AD. Alternatively, an amyloid brain PET scan can be performed to differentiate FTD from AD. When autosomal dominant inheritance is suspected, or in early onset dementia, mutation screening of causal genes is indicated and may also be offered to at-risk family members. We have summarized genotype–phenotype correlations for several genes that are known to cause familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which is the neuropathological substrate of FTD. The genes most commonly associated with this disease (C9orf72, MAPT, GRN, TBK1) are discussed, as well as some less frequent ones (CHMP2B, VCP). Several other techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, tau PET imaging and measuring serum neurofilament levels, show promise for future implementation as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gossye
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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57
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Wolf D, Fischer FU, Fellgiebel A. Impact of Resilience on the Association Between Amyloid-β and Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:361-370. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian U. Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Mainz, Germany
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Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Brix B, Hansson O. Towards a unified protocol for handling of CSF before β-amyloid measurements. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:63. [PMID: 31324260 PMCID: PMC6642586 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Widespread implementation of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in routine clinical practice requires the establishment of standard operating procedures for pre-analytical handling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Here, CSF collection and storage protocols were optimized for measurements of β-amyloid (Aβ). We investigated the effects of (1) storage temperature, (2) storage time, (3) centrifugation, (4) sample mixing, (5) blood contamination, and (6) collection gradient on CSF levels of Aβ. For each study participant, we used fresh CSF directly collected into a protein low binding (LoB) tube that was analyzed within hours after lumbar puncture (LP) as standard of truth. Aβ42 and Aβ40 were measured in de-identified CSF samples using EUROIMMUN and Mesoscale discovery assays. Results CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 were stable for at least 72 h at room temperature (RT), 1 week at 4 °C, and 2 weeks at − 20 °C and − 80 °C. Centrifugation of non-blood-contaminated CSF or mixing of samples before the analysis did not affect Aβ levels. Addition of 0.1–10% blood to CSF that was stored at RT without centrifugation led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in Aβ42 and Aβ40, while Aβ42/Aβ40 did not change. The effects of blood contamination were mitigated by centrifugation and/or storage at 4 °C or − 20 °C. Aβ levels did not differ between the first to fourth 5-ml portions of CSF. Conclusions CSF can be stored for up to 72 h at RT, 1 week at 4 °C, or at least 2 weeks at either − 20 °C or − 80 °C before Aβ measurements. Centrifugation of fresh non-blood-contaminated CSF after LP, or mixing before analysis, is not required. In case of visible blood contamination, centrifugation and storage at 4 °C or − 20 °C is recommended. After discarding the first 2 ml, any portion of up to 20 ml of CSF is suitable for Aβ analysis. These findings will be important for the development of a clinical routine protocol for pre-analytical handling of CSF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0517-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Simrisbanvägen 14, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Simrisbanvägen 14, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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59
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Nunes A, Silva G, Duque C, Januário C, Santana I, Ambrósio AF, Castelo-Branco M, Bernardes R. Retinal texture biomarkers may help to discriminate between Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and healthy controls. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218826. [PMID: 31226150 PMCID: PMC6588252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A top priority in biomarker development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is the focus on early diagnosis, where the use of the retina is a promising avenue of research. We computed fundus images from optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and analysed the structural arrangement of the retinal tissue using texture metrics. We built clinical class classification models to distinguish between healthy controls (HC), AD, and PD, using machine learning (support vector machines). Median sensitivity is 88.7%, 79.5% and 77.8%, for HC, AD, and PD eyes, respectively. When the same subject has the same classification for both eyes, 94.4% (median) of the classifications are correct. A significant amount of information discriminating between multiple neurodegenerative states is conveyed by OCT imaging of the human retina, even when differences in thickness are not yet present. This technique may allow for simultaneously diagnosing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nunes
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Duque
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Januário
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Zoology Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Bernardes
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
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60
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Knopman DS, Haeberlein SB, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Kerchner G, Margolin R, Maruff P, Miller DS, Tong G, Tome MB, Murray ME, Nelson PT, Sano M, Mattsson N, Sultzer DL, Montine TJ, Jack CR, Kolb H, Petersen RC, Vemuri P, Canniere MZ, Schneider JA, Resnick SM, Romano G, van Harten AC, Wolk DA, Bain LJ, Siemers E. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease: Perspectives from the Research Roundtable. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 14:563-575. [PMID: 29653607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in November 2017 to explore the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease. The meeting allowed experts in the field from academia, industry, and government to provide perspectives on the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework. This review will summarize the "A, T, N System" (Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration) using biomarkers and how this may be applied to clinical research and drug development. In addition, challenges and barriers to the potential adoption of this new framework will be discussed. Finally, future directions for research will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Sano
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David L Sultzer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
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61
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Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Early and Differential Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1199-1209. [PMID: 29562530 PMCID: PMC5870045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important to select optimal patient care and is critical in current clinical trials targeting core AD neuropathological features. The past decades, much progress has been made in the development and validation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the biochemical diagnosis of AD, including standardization and harmonization of (pre-) analytical procedures. This has resulted in three core CSF biomarkers for AD diagnostics, namely the 42 amino acid long amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181). These biomarkers have been incorporated into research diagnostic criteria for AD and have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnoses. The implementation of the CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in the core biomarker panel will improve the biomarker analytical variability, and will also improve early and differential AD diagnosis through a more accurate reflection of pathology. Numerous biomarkers are being investigated for their added value to the core AD biomarkers, aiming at the AD core pathological features like the amyloid mismetabolism, tau pathology, or synaptic or neuronal degeneration. Others aim at non-AD neurodegenerative, vascular or inflammatory hallmarks. Biomarkers are essential for an accurate identification of preclinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, a biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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62
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Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Jack CR. A brief history of "Alzheimer disease": Multiple meanings separated by a common name. Neurology 2019; 92:1053-1059. [PMID: 31028129 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of Alzheimer disease (AD) has a nosologic problem: The diagnostic label "Alzheimer disease" has several distinctive meanings. The term probable AD was introduced in 1984 to designate a clinically diagnosed acquired and progressive amnestic dementia for which there was no evidence for another etiology. Probable AD represented a clinicopathologic entity that assumed a specific and sensitive linkage between amnestic dementia and the neuropathology of β-amyloid-containing neuritic plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. The clinicopathologic model represented by probable AD was adapted in abbreviated form for population-based studies and general clinical practice, although the uncertainty connoted by "probable" was often overlooked. Representing the growing public awareness of later life cognitive impairment, a vernacular meaning of AD arose out of the clinicopathologic model in which AD represented all dementia not due to another clinically apparent cause. In contrast, by the 1990s, neuropathologists settled on a definition of AD based entirely on a sufficient burden of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles at postmortem examination, regardless of antemortem clinical status. In the last decade, the availability of fluid and imaging biomarkers that measure β-amyloid and tau abnormalities has enabled antemortem pathobiological diagnoses, highlighting the divide between the clinicopathologic model, the vernacular usage, and the pathobiological models. Each definition has value. However, the meanings of AD as defined by each of these models are not interchangeable. The pathobiological one is the only one that is unambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knopman
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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63
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Hansson O, Lehmann S, Otto M, Zetterberg H, Lewczuk P. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of the CSF Amyloid β (Aβ) 42/40 ratio in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 31010420 PMCID: PMC6477717 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers (biomarkers) Amyloidβ 42 (Aβ42), total Tau (T-tau) and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181) have proven diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In an effort to improve the accuracy of an AD diagnosis, it is important to be able to distinguish between AD and other types of dementia (non-AD). The concentration ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 (Aβ42/40 Ratio) has been suggested to be superior to the concentration of Aβ42 alone when identifying patients with AD. This article reviews the available evidence on the use of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio in the diagnosis of AD. Based on the body of evidence presented herein, it is the conclusion of the current working group that the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio, rather than the absolute value of CSF Aβ42, should be used when analysing CSF AD biomarkers to improve the percentage of appropriately diagnosed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative disorders (COEN) of Montpellier, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. .,Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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64
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Leuzy A, Savitcheva I, Chiotis K, Lilja J, Andersen P, Bogdanovic N, Jelic V, Nordberg A. Clinical impact of [ 18F]flutemetamol PET among memory clinic patients with an unclear diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1276-1286. [PMID: 30915522 PMCID: PMC6486908 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of amyloid PET with [18F]flutemetamol on diagnosis and treatment management in a cohort of patients attending a tertiary memory clinic in whom, despite extensive cognitive assessment including neuropsychological testing, structural imaging, CSF biomarker analysis and in some cases [18F]FDG PET, the diagnosis remained unclear. Methods The study population consisted of 207 patients with a clinical diagnosis prior to [18F]flutemetamol PET including mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 131), Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 41), non-AD (n = 10), dementia not otherwise specified (dementia NOS; n = 20) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 5). Results Amyloid positivity was found in 53% of MCI, 68% of AD, 20% of non-AD, 20% of dementia NOS, and 60% of SCD patients. [18F]Flutemetamol PET led, overall, to a change in diagnosis in 92 of the 207 patients (44%). A high percentage of patients with a change in diagnosis was observed in the MCI group (n = 67, 51%) and in the dementia NOS group (n = 11; 55%), followed by the non-AD and AD (30% and 20%, respectively). A significant increase in cholinesterase inhibitor treatment was observed after [18F]flutemetamol PET (+218%, 34 patients before and 108 patients after). Conclusion The present study lends support to the clinical value of amyloid PET in patients with an uncertain diagnosis in the tertiary memory clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 7th floor, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 7th floor, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Lilja
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Andersen
- Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 7th floor, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 7th floor, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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65
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Salvadó G, Molinuevo JL, Brugulat-Serrat A, Falcon C, Grau-Rivera O, Suárez-Calvet M, Pavia J, Niñerola-Baizán A, Perissinotti A, Lomeña F, Minguillon C, Fauria K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Gispert JD. Centiloid cut-off values for optimal agreement between PET and CSF core AD biomarkers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:27. [PMID: 30902090 PMCID: PMC6429814 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Centiloid scale has been developed to standardize measurements of amyloid PET imaging. Reference cut-off values of this continuous measurement enable the consistent operationalization of decision-making for multicentre research studies and clinical trials. In this study, we aimed at deriving reference Centiloid thresholds that maximize the agreement against core Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in two large independent cohorts. METHODS A total of 516 participants of the ALFA+ Study (N = 205) and ADNI (N = 311) underwent amyloid PET imaging ([18F]flutemetamol and [18F]florbetapir, respectively) and core AD CSF biomarker determination using Elecsys® tests. Tracer uptake was quantified in Centiloid units (CL). Optimal Centiloid cut-offs were sought that maximize the agreement between PET and dichotomous determinations based on CSF levels of Aβ42, tTau, pTau, and their ratios, using pre-established reference cut-off values. To this end, a receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) was conducted, and Centiloid cut-offs were calculated as those that maximized the Youden's J Index or the overall percentage agreement recorded. RESULTS All Centiloid cut-offs fell within the range of 25-35, except for CSF Aβ42 that rendered an optimal cut-off value of 12 CL. As expected, the agreement of tau/Aβ42 ratios was higher than that of CSF Aβ42. Centiloid cut-off robustness was confirmed even when established in an independent cohort and against variations of CSF cut-offs. CONCLUSIONS A cut-off of 12 CL matches previously reported values derived against postmortem measures of AD neuropathology. Together with these previous findings, our results flag two relevant inflection points that would serve as boundary of different stages of amyloid pathology: one around 12 CL that marks the transition from the absence of pathology to subtle pathology and another one around 30 CL indicating the presence of established pathology. The derivation of robust and generalizable cut-offs for core AD biomarkers requires cohorts with adequate representation of intermediate levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION ALFA+ Study, NCT02485730 ALFA PET Sub-study, NCT02685969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Brugulat-Serrat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioengeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pavia
- CIBER de Bioengeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Instititut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Wellington 30, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioengeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
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Herman FJ, Simkovic S, Pasinetti GM. Neuroimmune nexus of depression and dementia: Shared mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3558-3584. [PMID: 30632147 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune activity is a physiological component of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The extent to which altered immune activity influences the development of their respective cognitive symptoms and neuropathologies remains under investigation. It is evident, however, that immune activity affects neuronal function and circuit integrity. In both disorders, alterations are present in similar immune networks and neuroendocrine signalling pathways, immune responses persist in overlapping neuroanatomical locations, and morphological and structural irregularities are noted in similar domains. Epidemiological studies have also linked the two disorders, and their genetic and environmental risk factors intersect along immune-activating pathways and can be synonymous with one another. While each of these disorders individually contains a large degree of heterogeneity, their shared immunological components may link distinct phenotypes within each disorder. This review will therefore highlight the shared immune pathways of AD and MDD, their overlapping neuroanatomical features, and previously applied, as well as novel, approaches to pharmacologically manipulate immune pathways, in each neurological condition. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sherry Simkovic
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Geriatrics Research. Education, and Clinical Center, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Schaeverbeke J, Gille B, Adamczuk K, Vanderstichele H, Chassaing E, Bruffaerts R, Neyens V, Stoops E, Tournoy J, Vandenberghe R, Poesen K. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of synaptic and neuronal integrity correlate with gray matter volume and amyloid load in the precuneus of cognitively intact older adults. J Neurochem 2019; 149:139-157. [PMID: 30720873 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main pathophysiological alterations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include loss of neuronal and synaptic integrity, amyloidogenic processing, and neuroinflammation. Similar alterations can, however, also be observed in cognitively intact older subjects and may prelude the clinical manifestation of AD. The objectives of this prospective cross-sectional study in a cohort of 38 cognitively intact older adults were twofold: (i) to investigate the latent relationship among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflecting the main pathophysiological processes of AD, and (ii) to assess the correlation between these biomarkers and gray matter volume as well as amyloid load. All subjects underwent extensive neuropsychological examinations, CSF sampling, [18 F]-flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography, and T1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging. A factor analysis revealed one factor that explained most of the variance in the CSF biomarker dataset clustering t-tau, α-synuclein, p-tau181 , neurogranin, BACE1, visinin-like protein 1, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38 . Higher scores on this factor correlated with lower gray matter volume and with higher amyloid load in the precuneus. At the level of individual CSF biomarkers, levels of visinin-like protein 1, neurogranin, BACE1, Aβ1-40 , Aβ1-38, and YKL-40 all correlated inversely with gray matter volume of the precuneus. These findings demonstrate that in cognitively intact older subjects, CSF levels of synaptic and neuronal integrity biomarkers, amyloidogenic processing and measures of innate immunity (YKL-40) display a latent structure of common variance, which is associated with loss of structural integrity of brain regions implicated in the earliest stages of AD. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript, and for *Preregistration* because the study was pre-registered at https://osf.io/7qm9t/. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Gille
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Adamczuk
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Bioclinica LAB, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Neyens
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Tournoy
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Institute of Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic disease, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Su Y, Flores S, Wang G, Hornbeck RC, Speidel B, Joseph-Mathurin N, Vlassenko AG, Gordon BA, Koeppe RA, Klunk WE, Jack CR, Farlow MR, Salloway S, Snider BJ, Berman SB, Roberson ED, Brosch J, Jimenez-Velazques I, van Dyck CH, Galasko D, Yuan SH, Jayadev S, Honig LS, Gauthier S, Hsiung GYR, Masellis M, Brooks WS, Fulham M, Clarnette R, Masters CL, Wallon D, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Pariente J, Sanchez-Valle R, Mummery C, Ringman JM, Bottlaender M, Klein G, Milosavljevic-Ristic S, McDade E, Xiong C, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Benzinger TLS. Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:180-190. [PMID: 30847382 PMCID: PMC6389727 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Quantitative in vivo measurement of brain amyloid burden is important for both research and clinical purposes. However, the existence of multiple imaging tracers presents challenges to the interpretation of such measurements. This study presents a direct comparison of Pittsburgh compound B–based and florbetapir-based amyloid imaging in the same participants from two independent cohorts using a crossover design. Methods Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir amyloid PET imaging data from three different cohorts were analyzed using previously established pipelines to obtain global amyloid burden measurements. These measurements were converted to the Centiloid scale to allow fair comparison between the two tracers. The mean and inter-individual variability of the two tracers were compared using multivariate linear models both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results Global amyloid burden measured using the two tracers were strongly correlated in both cohorts. However, higher variability was observed when florbetapir was used as the imaging tracer. The variability may be partially caused by white matter signal as partial volume correction reduces the variability and improves the correlations between the two tracers. Amyloid burden measured using both tracers was found to be in association with clinical and psychometric measurements. Longitudinal comparison of the two tracers was also performed in similar but separate cohorts whose baseline amyloid load was considered elevated (i.e., amyloid positive). No significant difference was detected in the average annualized rate of change measurements made with these two tracers. Discussion Although the amyloid burden measurements were quite similar using these two tracers as expected, difference was observable even after conversion into the Centiloid scale. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal strategies to harmonize amyloid imaging data acquired using different tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shaney Flores
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Russ C Hornbeck
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin Speidel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nelly Joseph-Mathurin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Barbara J Snider
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jared Brosch
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shauna H Yuan
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Fulham
- University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Colin L Masters
- The University of Melbourne and the Florey Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Wallon
- Inserm U1245, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Rouen, France.,Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Inserm U1245, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Rouen, France.,Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- University Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - John M Ringman
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric McDade
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Wang H, Mu X, Yang J, Liang Y, Zhang XD, Ming D. Brain imaging with near-infrared fluorophores. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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La Joie R, Ayakta N, Seeley WW, Borys E, Boxer AL, DeCarli C, Doré V, Grinberg LT, Huang E, Hwang JH, Ikonomovic MD, Jack C, Jagust WJ, Jin LW, Klunk WE, Kofler J, Lesman-Segev OH, Lockhart SN, Lowe VJ, Masters CL, Mathis CA, McLean CL, Miller BL, Mungas D, O'Neil JP, Olichney JM, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Rosen HJ, Rowe CC, Spina S, Vemuri P, Villemagne VL, Murray ME, Rabinovici GD. Multisite study of the relationships between antemortem [ 11C]PIB-PET Centiloid values and postmortem measures of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:205-216. [PMID: 30347188 PMCID: PMC6368897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to establish the relationships between standard postmortem measures of AD neuropathology and antemortem [11C]PIB-positron emission tomography ([11C]PIB-PET) analyzed with the Centiloid (CL) method, a standardized scale for Aβ-PET quantification. METHODS Four centers contributed 179 participants encompassing a broad range of clinical diagnoses, PET data, and autopsy findings. RESULTS CL values increased with each CERAD neuritic plaque score increment (median -3 CL for no plaques and 92 CL for frequent plaques) and nonlinearly with Thal Aβ phases (increases were detected starting at phase 2) with overlap between scores/phases. PET-pathology associations were comparable across sites and unchanged when restricting the analyses to the 56 patients who died within 2 years of PET. A threshold of 12.2 CL detected CERAD moderate-to-frequent neuritic plaques (area under the curve = 0.910, sensitivity = 89.2%, specificity = 86.4%), whereas 24.4 CL identified intermediate-to-high AD neuropathological changes (area under the curve = 0.894, sensitivity = 84.1%, specificity = 87.9%). DISCUSSION Our study demonstrated the robustness of a multisite Centiloid [11C]PIB-PET study and established a range of pathology-based CL thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud La Joie
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nagehan Ayakta
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Borys
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Doré
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Hye Hwang
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clifford Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Orit H Lesman-Segev
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Catriona L McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James P O'Neil
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA; Biomedical Isotope Facility, MBIB Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
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Ba M, Ng KP, Gao X, Kong M, Guan L, Yu L. The combination of apolipoprotein E4, age and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale improves the prediction of amyloid positron emission tomography status in clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:733-e53. [PMID: 30561868 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Randomized clinical trials involving anti-amyloid interventions focus on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with proven amyloid pathology, using amyloid positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET) imaging or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. However, these investigations are either expensive or invasive and are not readily available in resource-limited centres. Hence, the identification of cost-effective clinical alternatives to amyloid-PET is highly desirable. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of combined clinical markers in predicting amyloid-PET status in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals. METHODS In all, 406 MCI participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were dichotomized into amyloid-PET(+) and amyloid-PET(-) using a cut-off of >1.11. The accuracies of single clinical markers [apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype, demographics, cognitive measures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis] in predicting amyloid-PET status were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A logistic regression model was then used to determine the optimal model with combined clinical markers to predict amyloid-PET status. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ) showed the best predictive accuracy of amyloid-PET status [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.927]. Whilst ApoE4 genotype (AUC = 0.737) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) 13 (AUC = 0.724) independently discriminated amyloid-PET(+) and amyloid-PET(-) MCI individuals, the combination of clinical markers (ApoE4 carrier, age >60 years and ADAS-Cog 13 > 13.5) improved the predictive accuracy of amyloid-PET status (AUC = 0.827, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ, which is an invasive procedure, is most accurate in predicting amyloid-PET status in MCI individuals. The combination of ApoE4, age and ADAS-Cog 13 also accurately predicts amyloid-PET status. As this combination of clinical markers is cheap, non-invasive and readily available, it offers an attractive surrogate assessment for amyloid status amongst MCI individuals in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ba
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - K P Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - M Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - L Guan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - L Yu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
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Longitudinal tau and metabolic PET imaging in relation to novel CSF tau measures in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1152-1163. [PMID: 30610252 PMCID: PMC6451715 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Studies comparing CSF and PET tau biomarkers have included only commercial CSF assays examining specific phosphorylation sites (e.g. threonine 181, P-tau181p) and mid-domain tau (i.e. total tau, T-tau). Moreover, these studies did not examine CSF tau levels in relation to cerebral glucose metabolism. We thus aimed to examine CSF tau measures, using both commercial and novel assays, in relation to [18F]THK5317 (tau) and [18F]FDG PET (glucose metabolism). Methods Fourteen Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients (seven prodromal, seven dementia) underwent [18F]THK5317 and [18F]FDG PET studies, with follow-up performed in ten subjects (six prodromal, four dementia) after 17 months. In addition to commercial assays, novel measures capturing N-terminus+mid-domain (tau N-Mid) and C-terminally truncated (tau-368) fragments were included. Results While the levels of all forms of CSF tau were found to be inversely associated with baseline [18F]FDG uptake, associations with baseline [18F]THK5317 uptake varied in relation to the degree of isocortical hypometabolism ([18F]FDG SUVR). Changes in the levels of the novel CSF markers tracked longitudinal changes in tracer uptake better than changes in P-tau181p and T-tau levels, and improved concordance with dichotomized regional [18F]THK5317 measures. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neurodegeneration may modulate the relationship between CSF and PET tau biomarkers, and that, by comparison to P-tau181p and T-tau, tau-368 and tau N-Mid may better capture tau pathology and synaptic impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-018-4242-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin with neprilysin and p-Tau antibodies induces superior neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:145-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Baiardi S, Abu-Rumeileh S, Rossi M, Zenesini C, Bartoletti-Stella A, Polischi B, Capellari S, Parchi P. Antemortem CSF A β42/A β40 ratio predicts Alzheimer's disease pathology better than A β42 in rapidly progressive dementias. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 6:263-273. [PMID: 30847359 PMCID: PMC6389744 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the critical importance of pathologically confirmed samples for biomarker validation, only a few studies have correlated CSF Aβ42 values in vivo with postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, while none evaluated the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. We compared CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio as biomarkers predicting AD neuropathological changes in patients with a short interval between lumbar puncture and death. Methods We measured CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 and assessed AD pathology in 211 subjects with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and a definite postmortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n = 159), AD (n = 12), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 4), AD/DLB mixed pathologies (n = 5), and various other pathologies (n = 31). Results The score reflecting the severity of Aβ pathology showed a better correlation with ln(Aβ42/Aβ40) (R 2 = 0.506, β = -0.713, P < 0.001) than with ln(Aβ42) (R 2 = 0.206, β = -0.458, P < 0.001), which was confirmed after adjusting for covariates. Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio showed significantly higher accuracy than Aβ42 in the distinction between cases with or without AD pathology (AUC 0.818 ± 0.028 vs. 0.643 ± 0.039), especially in patients with Aβ42 levels ≤495 pg/mL (AUC 0.888 ± 0.032 vs. 0.518 ± 0.064). Using a cut-off value of 0.810, the analysis of Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio yielded 87.0% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity in the distinction between cases with an intermediate-high level of AD pathology and those with low level or no AD pathology. Interpretation The present data support the use of CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio as a biomarker of AD pathophysiology and noninvasive screener for Aβ pathology burden, and its introduction in the research diagnostic criteria for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | | | - Barbara Polischi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna 40138 Italy
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75
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Cohen AD, Landau SM, Snitz BE, Klunk WE, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid and PET biomarkers for amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 97:3-17. [PMID: 30537535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and tau pathology (neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads). Amyloid plaques are primarily composed of aggregated and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides ending at position 42 (Aβ42). The development of fluid and PET biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), has allowed for detection of Aβ pathology in vivo and marks a major advancement in understanding the role of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the recent National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) Research Framework, AD is defined by the underlying pathology as measured in patients during life by biomarkers (Jack et al., 2018), while clinical symptoms are used for staging of the disease. Therefore, sensitive, specific and robust biomarkers to identify brain amyloidosis are central in AD research. Here, we discuss fluid and PET biomarkers for Aβ and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Susan M Landau
- Neurology Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Functional Imaging Department, Life Sciences Division, United States of America
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, University College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, University College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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76
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Molinuevo JL, Ayton S, Batrla R, Bednar MM, Bittner T, Cummings J, Fagan AM, Hampel H, Mielke MM, Mikulskis A, O'Bryant S, Scheltens P, Sevigny J, Shaw LM, Soares HD, Tong G, Trojanowski JQ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Current state of Alzheimer's fluid biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:821-853. [PMID: 30488277 PMCID: PMC6280827 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology. The number of people living with AD is predicted to increase; however, there are no disease-modifying therapies currently available and none have been successful in late-stage clinical trials. Fluid biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood hold promise for enabling more effective drug development and establishing a more personalized medicine approach for AD diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers used in drug development programmes should be qualified for a specific context of use (COU). These COUs include, but are not limited to, subject/patient selection, assessment of disease state and/or prognosis, assessment of mechanism of action, dose optimization, drug response monitoring, efficacy maximization, and toxicity/adverse reactions identification and minimization. The core AD CSF biomarkers Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau are recognized by research guidelines for their diagnostic utility and are being considered for qualification for subject selection in clinical trials. However, there is a need to better understand their potential for other COUs, as well as identify additional fluid biomarkers reflecting other aspects of AD pathophysiology. Several novel fluid biomarkers have been proposed, but their role in AD pathology and their use as AD biomarkers have yet to be validated. In this review, we summarize some of the pathological mechanisms implicated in the sporadic AD and highlight the data for several established and novel fluid biomarkers (including BACE1, TREM2, YKL-40, IP-10, neurogranin, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin, α-synuclein, TDP-43, ferritin, VILIP-1, and NF-L) associated with each mechanism. We discuss the potential COUs for each biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Molinuevo
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Alzheimer y otros trastornos cognitivos, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Batrla
- Roche Centralised and Point of Care Solutions, Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Bednar
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Centre Americas Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Bittner
- Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund and Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC No 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience; Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Sevigny
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly D Soares
- Clinical Development Neurology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Campus, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Campus, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Ihara R, Iwata A, Suzuki K, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R, Iwatsubo T. Clinical and cognitive characteristics of preclinical Alzheimer's disease in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:645-651. [PMID: 30511010 PMCID: PMC6258138 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical and cognitive characteristics of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a Japanese population to effectively design and conduct future preventive trials on preclinical AD. Methods Three-year longitudinal data from cognitively normal participants who underwent cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measurement and/or amyloid positron emission tomography in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, were analyzed. Comparisons between participants with and without amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, and between those with and without elevated tau levels tau among participants with Aβ accumulation were performed. Results Among 84 participants with available cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and/or amyloid positron emission tomography data, 19 (22.6%) exhibited Aβ accumulation. The frequency of APOE ε4 alleles was significantly higher in participants with Aβ accumulation. There were no significant differences in any of the cognitive tests at the baseline; however, participants with Aβ accumulation exhibited a decline in clock drawing test (linear mixed-effects model, P = .008) and a tendency toward loss of practice effects in the Mini-Mental State Examination and the logical memory over time. Although it did not reach statistical significance, the analysis indicated a decline in measurements of executive function over time in participants with elevated tau levels compared with those with normal tau levels. Discussion The frequency of preclinical AD in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was lower than in similar studies because of the younger age of the participants and lower frequency of APOE ε4 carriage. Although limitations in sample size precluded definitive conclusions, the results suggest that even in the preclinical phase of AD, loss of practice effects in episodic memory tests and at a later stage, decline in executive function, are present. These findings may be useful for recruitment of individuals with preclinical AD and establishing a novel cognitive composite for use in clinical trials on preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Ihara
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Innovative Dementia Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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78
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Boersema PJ, Melnik A, Hazenberg BPC, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Kamiie J, Portelius E, Blennow K, Zubarev RA, Polymenidou M, Picotti P. Biology/Disease-Driven Initiative on Protein-Aggregation Diseases of the Human Proteome Project: Goals and Progress to Date. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:4072-4084. [PMID: 30137990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Biology/Disease-driven (B/D) working groups of the Human Proteome Project are alliances of research groups aimed at developing or improving proteomic tools to support specific biological or disease-related research areas. Here, we describe the activities and progress to date of the B/D working group focused on protein aggregation diseases (PADs). PADs are characterized by the intra- or extracellular accumulation of aggregated proteins and include devastating diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and systemic amyloidosis. The PAD B/D working group aims for the development of proteomic assays for the quantification of aggregation-prone proteins involved in PADs to support basic and clinical research on PADs. Because the proteins in PADs undergo aberrant conformational changes, a goal is to quantitatively resolve altered protein structures and aggregation states in complex biological specimens. We have developed protein-extraction protocols and a set of mass spectrometric (MS) methods that enable the detection and quantification of proteins involved in the systemic and localized amyloidosis and the probing of aberrant protein conformational transitions in cell and tissue extracts. In several studies, we have demonstrated the potential of MS-based proteomics approaches for specific and sensitive clinical diagnoses and for the subtyping of PADs. The developed methods have been detailed in both protocol papers and manuscripts describing applications to facilitate implementation by nonspecialized laboratories, and assay coordinates are shared through public repositories and databases. Clinicians actively involved in the PAD working group support the transfer to clinical practice of the developed methods, such as assays to quantify specific disease-related proteins and their fragments in biofluids and multiplexed MS-based methods for the diagnosis and typing of systemic amyloidosis. We believe that the increasing availability of tools to precisely measure proteins involved in PADs will positively impact research on the molecular bases of these diseases and support early disease diagnosis and a more-confident subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Boersema
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andre Melnik
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Lund University, BMC D13 , 221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Lund University, BMC D13 , 221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology , Azabu University , 1-17-71 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5201 , Japan
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , S-431 80 Mölndal , Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal S-431 80 , Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , S-431 80 Mölndal , Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal S-431 80 , Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institute , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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Leuzy A, Heurling K, Ashton NJ, Schöll M, Zimmer ER. In vivo Detection of Alzheimer's Disease. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 91:291-300. [PMID: 30258316 PMCID: PMC6153625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent revisions to the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) incorporated conceptual advances in the field. Specifically, AD is now recognized to encompass a continuum, spanning from preclinical (accruing brain pathology in the absence of symptoms) through symptomatic predementia (prodromal AD, mild cognitive impairment) and dementia phases. The role of biological markers (biomarkers) of both the underlying molecular pathologies and related neurodegenerative changes has also been acknowledged. In this abridged review, we provide an overview of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid and blood) and molecular imaging-based biomarkers used within the field and discuss the potential role of computer driven artificial intelligence approaches for both the early and accurate identification of AD and as a tool for population enrichment in clinical trials testing candidate disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Heurling
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Eduardo R. Zimmer, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Tel: +55 51 33085558,
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80
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Data driven diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's disease based on different reference regions for normalization of PiB-PET images and correlation with CSF concentrations of Aβ species. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:603-610. [PMID: 30186764 PMCID: PMC6120605 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging with the Pittsburgh Compound_B (PiB) is widely used to assess amyloid plaque burden. Standard quantification approaches normalize PiB-PET by mean cerebellar gray matter uptake. Previous studies suggested similar pons and white-matter uptake in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls (HC), but lack exhaustive comparison of normalization across the three regions, with data-driven diagnostic classification. We aimed to compare the impact of distinct reference regions in normalization, measured by data-driven statistical analysis, and correlation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β (Aβ) species concentrations. 243 individuals with clinical diagnosis of AD, HC, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and other dementias, from the Biomarkers for Alzheimer's/Parkinson's Disease (BIOMARKAPD) initiative were included. PiB-PET images and CSF concentrations of Aβ38, Aβ40 and Aβ42 were submitted to classification using support vector machines. Voxel-wise group differences and correlations between normalized PiB-PET images and CSF Aβ concentrations were calculated. Normalization by cerebellar gray matter and pons yielded identical classification accuracy of AD (accuracy-96%, sensitivity-96%, specificity-95%), and significantly higher than Aβ concentrations (best accuracy 91%). Normalization by the white-matter showed decreased extent of statistically significant multivoxel patterns and was the only method not outperforming CSF biomarkers, suggesting statistical inferiority. Aβ38 and Aβ40 correlated negatively with PiB-PET images normalized by the white-matter, corroborating previous observations of correlations with non-AD-specific subcortical changes in white-matter. In general, when using the pons as reference region, higher voxel-wise group differences and stronger correlation with Aβ42, the Aβ42/Aβ40 or Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios were found compared to normalization based on cerebellar gray matter. Direct multivariate comparison of distinct reference regions in normalization of PET amyloid markers Using the pons as ROI, higher voxel-wise group differences emerge Using the pons as ROIs stronger correlation with Aβ42, the Aβ42/Aβ40 or Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios were found. Evidence for statistical inferiority of CSF biomarkers Aβ38 and Aβ40 correlated negatively with PiB-PET white-matter normalized images.
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81
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Doecke JD, Rembach A, Villemagne VL, Varghese S, Rainey-Smith S, Sarros S, Evered LA, Fowler CJ, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson B, Taddei K, Laws SM, Macaulay SL, Bush AI, Ellis KA, Martins R, Ames D, Silbert B, Vanderstichele H, Masters CL, Darby DG, Li QX, Collins S. Concordance Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Between Three Independent Assay Platforms. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:169-183. [PMID: 29171991 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the accuracy of clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease (AD), pre-mortem biomarkers have become increasingly important for diagnosis and for participant recruitment in disease-specific treatment trials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provide a low-cost alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for in vivo quantification of different AD pathological hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects; however, consensus around the best platform, most informative biomarker and correlations across different methodologies are controversial. OBJECTIVE Assessing levels of Aβ-amyloid and tau species determined using three different versions of immunoassays, the current study explored the ability of CSF biomarkers to predict PET Aβ-amyloid (32 Aβ-amyloid-and 45 Aβ-amyloid+), as well as concordance between CSF biomarker levels and PET Aβ-amyloid imaging. METHODS Prediction and concordance analyses were performed using a sub-cohort of 77 individuals (48 healthy controls, 15 with mild cognitive impairment, and 14 with AD) from the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle study of aging. RESULTS Across all three platforms, the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio biomarker had modestly higher correlation with SUVR/BeCKeT (ρ= 0.69-0.8) as compared with Aβ42 alone (ρ= 0.66-0.75). Differences in CSF biomarker levels between the PET Aβ-amyloid-and Aβ-amyloid+ groups were strongest for the Aβ42/Aβ40 and T-tau/Aβ42 ratios (p < 0.0001); however, comparison of predictive models for PET Aβ-amyloid showed no difference between Aβ42 alone and the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio. CONCLUSION This study confirms strong concordance between CSF biomarkers and PET Aβ-amyloid status is independent of immunoassay platform, supporting their utility as biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnosis of AD and for participant enrichment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon Sarros
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisbeth A Evered
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Trounson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David G Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Effects of APOE ε4 on neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:81-90. [PMID: 30107289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its importance for the clinical and biological heterogeneity in AD is unclear, particularly at the prodromal stage. We analyzed 151 prodromal AD patients (44 APOE ε4-negative and 107 APOE ε4-positive) from the BioFINDER study. We tested cognition, 18F-flutemetamol β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Aβ, tau and neurodegeneration, and magnetic resonance imaging of white matter pathology and brain structure. Despite having similar cortical Aβ-load and baseline global cognition (mini mental state examination), APOE ε4-negative prodromal AD had more nonamnestic cognitive impairment, higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ-peptides and neuronal injury biomarkers, more white matter pathology, more cortical atrophy, and faster decline of mini mental state examination, compared to APOE ε4-positive prodromal AD. The absence of APOE ε4 is associated with an atypical phenotype of prodromal AD. This suggests that APOE ε4 may impact both the diagnostics of AD in early stages and potentially also effects of disease-modifying treatments.
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83
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Lehmann S, Delaby C, Boursier G, Catteau C, Ginestet N, Tiers L, Maceski A, Navucet S, Paquet C, Dumurgier J, Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Gabelle A. Relevance of Aβ42/40 Ratio for Detection of Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Clinical Routine: The PLM R Scale. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:138. [PMID: 29892221 PMCID: PMC5985301 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ peptides and tau proteins) improved the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in research and clinical settings. We previously described the PLM-scale (Paris-Lille-Montpellier study), which combines Aβ42, tau, and phosphorylated ptau(181) biomarkers in an easy to use and clinically relevant way. The purpose of this work is to evaluate an optimized PLMR-scale (PLM ratio scale) that now includes the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio to detect AD versus non-AD (NAD) participants in clinical routine of memory centers. Methods: Both scales were compared using 904 participants with cognitive impairment recruited from two independent cohorts (Mtp-1 and Mtp-2). The CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured systematically in Mtp-1, and only on biologically discordant cases in Mtp-2. Two different ELISA kit providers were also employed. The distribution of AD and NAD patients and the discrepancies of biomarker profiles were computed. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to represent clinical sensitivity and specificity for AD detection. The classification of patients with the net reclassification index (NRI) was also evaluated. Results: Nine hundred and four participants (342 AD and 562 NAD) were studied; 400 in Mtp-1 and 504 in Mtp-2. For AD patients, the mean CSF Aβ42 and CSF Aβ42/40 ratio was 553 ± 216 pg/mL and 0.069 ± 0.022 pg/mL in Mtp-1 and 702 ± 335 pg/mL and 0.045 ± 0.020 pg/mL in Mtp-2. The distribution of AD and NAD differed between the PLM and the PLMR scales (p < 0.0001). The percentage AD well-classified (class 3) increased with PLMR from 38 to 83% in Mpt-1 and from 33 to 53% in Mpt-2. A sharp reduction of the discordant profiles going from 34 to 16.3% and from 37.5 to 19.8%, for Mtp-1 and Mtp-2 respectively, was also observed. The AUC of the PLMR scale was 0.94 in Mtp-1 and 0.87 in Mtp-2. In both cohorts, the PLMR outperformed CSF Aβ42 or Aβ42/40 ratio. The diagnostic performance was improved with the PLMR with an NRI equal to 44.3% in Mtp-1 and 28.8% in Mtp-2. Conclusion: The integration of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the PLMR scale resulted in an easy-to-use tool which reduced the discrepancies in biologically doubtful cases and increased the confidence in the diagnosis in memory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Constance Delaby
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilaine Boursier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cindy Catteau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Ginestet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Tiers
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Maceski
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Navucet
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, INSERM U942, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, INSERM U942, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Audrey Gabelle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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84
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Abu-Rumeileh S, Capellari S, Parchi P. Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer’s Disease: Contributions to Clinical-Pathological Definition and Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:887-897. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-171181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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85
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Su Y, Flores S, Hornbeck RC, Speidel B, Vlassenko AG, Gordon BA, Koeppe RA, Klunk WE, Xiong C, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS. Utilizing the Centiloid scale in cross-sectional and longitudinal PiB PET studies. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:406-416. [PMID: 30035025 PMCID: PMC6051499 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid imaging is a valuable tool for research and diagnosis in dementing disorders. Successful use of this tool is limited by the lack of a common standard in the quantification of amyloid imaging data. The Centiloid approach was recently proposed to address this problem and in this work, we report our implementation of this approach and evaluate the impact of differences in underlying image analysis methodologies using both cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets. The Centiloid approach successfully converts quantitative amyloid burden measurements into a common Centiloid scale (CL) and comparable dynamic range. As expected, the Centiloid values derived from different analytical approaches inherit some of the inherent benefits and drawbacks of the underlying approaches, and these differences result in statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in the variability and group mean values. Because of these differences, even after expression in CL, the 95% specificity amyloid positivity thresholds derived from different analytic approaches varied from 5.7 CL to 11.9 CL, and the reliable worsening threshold varied from −2.0 CL to 11.0 CL. Although this difference is in part due to the dependency of the threshold determination methodology on the statistical characteristics of the measurements. When amyloid measurements obtained from different centers are combined for analysis, one should not expect Centiloid conversion to eliminate all the differences in amyloid burden measurements due to variabilities in underlying acquisition protocols and analysis techniques. The Centiloid approach brings amyloid burden measurements into a common scale. The Centiloid value inherits the characteristics of the underlying method. The Centiloid value derived from different analysis techniques remains different. The amyloid positivity thresholds in Centiloid are sensitive to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shaney Flores
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Russ C Hornbeck
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Speidel
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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86
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Niemantsverdriet E, Ottoy J, Somers C, De Roeck E, Struyfs H, Soetewey F, Verhaeghe J, Van den Bossche T, Van Mossevelde S, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Mariën P, Versijpt J, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Wyffels L, Albert A, Ceyssens S, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 Ratio Improves Concordance with Amyloid-PET for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in a Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:561-576. [PMID: 28869470 PMCID: PMC5611891 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that the concordance between amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is used as compared to CSF Aβ1–42 levels alone. Objective: In order to test this hypothesis, we set up a prospective longitudinal study comparing the concordance between different amyloid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a clinical setting. Methods: Seventy-eight subjects (AD dementia (n = 17), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 48), and cognitively healthy controls (n = 13)) underwent a [18F]Florbetapir ([18F]AV45) PET scan, [18F]FDG PET scan, MRI scan, and an extensive neuropsychological examination. In a large subset (n = 67), a lumbar puncture was performed and AD biomarkers were analyzed (Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, T-tau, P-tau181). Results: We detected an increased concordance in the visual and quantitative (standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and total volume of distribution (VT)) [18F]AV45 PET measures when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 was applied compared to Aβ1–42 alone. CSF biomarkers were stronger associated to [18F]AV45 PET for SUVR values when considering the total brain white matter as reference region instead of cerebellar grey matter Conclusions: The concordance between CSF Aβ and [18F]AV45 PET increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is applied. This finding is of most importance for the biomarker-based diagnosis of AD as well as for selection of subjects for clinical trials with potential disease-modifying therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie Ottoy
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Femke Soetewey
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tobi Van den Bossche
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Mariën
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, CLIN, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Versijpt
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB), University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrien Albert
- Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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87
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Shen Y, Wang H, Sun Q, Yao H, Keegan AP, Mullan M, Wilson J, Lista S, Leyhe T, Laske C, Rujescu D, Levey A, Wallin A, Blennow K, Li R, Hampel H. Increased Plasma Beta-Secretase 1 May Predict Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:447-455. [PMID: 28359566 PMCID: PMC5656540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity has consistently been detected in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with control subjects. The collection of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture is invasive. We sought to identify the presence of plasma BACE1 activity and determine potential alterations in subjects with MCI with clinical follow-up examinations for 3 years using patients with diagnosed probable AD dementia compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS Seventy-five patients with probable AD, 96 individuals with MCI, and 53 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited from three independent international academic memory clinics and AD research expert centers. Plasma BACE1 activity was measured by a synthetic fluorescence substrate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BACE1 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting using three different antibodies that recognize the epitopes of the N-terminus, C-terminus, and full-length BACE1. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, plasma BACE1 activity (Vmax) significantly increased by 53.2% in subjects with MCI and by 68.9% in patients with probable AD. Subjects with MCI who converted to probable AD dementia at follow-up examinations exhibited significantly higher BACE1 activity compared with cognitively stable MCI nonconverters and showed higher levels of BACE1 activity than patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Plasma BACE1 activity is significantly increased in MCI converters and patients with probable AD. The sensitivities and specificities of BACE1 activity for the patients were 84% and 88%, respectively. Our results indicate that plasma BACE1 activity may be a biomarker for AD risk and could predict progression from prodromal to probable AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Brain Bank, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Material Science at Microscale National Laboratory, Hefei, China 230027,Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL34203 USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL34203 USA
| | - Qiying Sun
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL34203 USA
| | - Hailan Yao
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL34203 USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Wilson
- Department of Economics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Simone Lista
- IHU-A-ICM – Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France,AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)
| | - Thomas Leyhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Center of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Laske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgren’s University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgren’s University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rena Li
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Sarasota.
| | - Harald Hampel
- IHU-A-ICM – Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France,AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM),Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
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88
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Henriques AD, Benedet AL, Camargos EF, Rosa-Neto P, Nóbrega OT. Fluid and imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Where we stand and where to head to. Exp Gerontol 2018; 107:169-177. [PMID: 29307736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that a number of potentially informative biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) can improve the accuracy of diagnosing this form of dementia, especially when used as a panel of diagnostic assays and interpreted in the context of neuroimaging and clinical data. Moreover, by combining the power of CSF biomarkers with neuroimaging techniques to visualize Aβ deposits (or neurodegenerative lesions), it might be possible to better identify individuals at greatest risk for developing MCI and converting to AD. The objective of this article was to review recent progress in selected imaging and chemical biomarkers for prediction, early diagnosis and progression of AD. We present our view point of a scenario that places CSF and imaging markers on the verge of general utility based on accuracy levels that already match (or even surpass) current clinical precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Dallanora Henriques
- Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lessa Benedet
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Einstein Francisco Camargos
- Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Otávio Toledo Nóbrega
- Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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89
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Janelidze S, Pannee J, Mikulskis A, Chiao P, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O. Concordance Between Different Amyloid Immunoassays and Visual Amyloid Positron Emission Tomographic Assessment. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:1492-1501. [PMID: 29114726 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Visual assessment of amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) images has been approved by regulatory authorities for clinical use. Several immunoassays have been developed to measure β-amyloid (Aβ) 42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The agreement between CSF Aβ42 measures from different immunoassays and visual PET readings may influence the use of CSF biomarkers and/or amyloid PET assessment in clinical practice and trials. Objective To determine the concordance between CSF Aβ42 levels measured using 5 different immunoassays and visual amyloid PET analysis. Design, Setting, and Participants The study included 262 patients with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline from the Swedish BioFINDER (Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably) cohort (recruited from September 1, 2010, through December 31, 2014) who had undergone flutemetamol F 18 ([18F]flutemetamol)-labeled PET. Levels of CSF Aβ42 were analyzed using the classic INNOTEST and the newer modified INNOTEST, fully automated Lumipulse (FL), EUROIMMUN (EI), and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assays. Concentrations of CSF Aβ were assessed using an antibody-independent mass spectrometry-based reference measurement procedure. Main Outcomes and Measures The concordance of CSF Aβ42 levels and Aβ42:Aβ40 and Aβ42:tau ratios with visual [18F]flutemetamol PET status. Results Of 262 participants (mean [SD] age, 70.9 [5.5] years), 108 were women (41.2%) and 154 were men (58.8%). The mass spectrometry-derived Aβ42 values showed higher correlations with the modified Aβ42-INNOTEST (r = 0.97), Aβ42-FL (r = 0.93), Aβ42-EI (r = 0.93), and Aβ42-MSD (r = 0.95) assays compared with the classic Aβ42-INNOTEST assay (r = 0.88; P ≤ .01). The signal in the classic Aβ42-INNOTEST assay was partly quenched by recombinant Aβ1-40 peptide. However, the classic Aβ42-INNOTEST assay showed better concordance with visual [18F]flutemetamol PET status (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.92) compared with the newer assays (AUCs, 0.87-0.89; P ≤ .01). The accuracies of the newer assays improved significantly when Aβ42:Aβ40 (AUCs, 0.93-0.95; P ≤ .01), Aβ42 to total tau (T-tau) (AUCs, 0.94; P ≤ .05), or Aβ42 to phosphorylated tau (P-tau) (AUCs, 0.94-0.95; P ≤ .001) ratios were used. A combination of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and T-tau or P-tau level did not improve the accuracy compared with the ratio alone. Conclusions and Relevance Concentrations of CSF Aβ42 derived from the new immunoassays (modified INNOTEST, FL, EI, and MSD) may correlate better with the antibody-independent mass spectrometry-based reference measurement procedure and may show improved agreement with visual [18F]flutemetamol PET assessment when using the Aβ42:Aβ40 or Aβ42:tau ratios. These findings suggest the benefit of implementing the CSF Aβ42:Aβ40 or Aβ42:tau ratios as a biomarker of amyloid deposition in clinical practice and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, England
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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90
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Miwa K, Wagatsuma K, Yamao T, Kamitaka Y, Matsubara K, Akamatsu G, Imabayashi E. [Quantitative Assessment in Amyloid-PET Imaging]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2017; 73:1165-1174. [PMID: 29151550 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2017_jsrt_73.11.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Miwa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare.,Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.,Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Kei Wagatsuma
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Tensho Yamao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yuto Kamitaka
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita
| | - Go Akamatsu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Etsuko Imabayashi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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91
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Alexopoulos P, Roesler J, Werle L, Thierjung N, Lentzari I, Ortner M, Grimmer T, Laskaris N, Politis A, Gourzis P, Kurz A, Perneczky R. Fluid biomarker agreement and interrelation in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:193-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Niemantsverdriet E, Valckx S, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers: clinical indications and rational use. Acta Neurol Belg 2017; 117:591-602. [PMID: 28752420 PMCID: PMC5565643 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-017-0816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review focusses on the validation and standardization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as on the current clinical indications and rational use of CSF biomarkers in daily clinical practice. The validated AD CSF biomarkers, Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181, have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnosis. CSF biomarkers should not be routinely used in the diagnostic work-up of dementia and cannot be used to diagnose non-AD dementias. In cognitively healthy subjects, CSF biomarkers can only be applied for research purposes, e.g., to identify pre-clinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Valckx
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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93
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Lue LF, Sabbagh MN, Chiu MJ, Jing N, Snyder NL, Schmitz C, Guerra A, Belden CM, Chen TF, Yang CC, Yang SY, Walker DG, Chen K, Reiman EM. Plasma Levels of Aβ42 and Tau Identified Probable Alzheimer's Dementia: Findings in Two Cohorts. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:226. [PMID: 28790911 PMCID: PMC5522888 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau levels for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia has been controversial. The main objective of this study was to compare Aβ42 and tau levels measured by the ultra-sensitive immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays in plasma samples collected at the Banner Sun Health Institute (BSHRI) (United States) with those from the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) (Taiwan). Significant increase in tau levels were detected in AD subjects from both cohorts, while Aβ42 levels were increased only in the NTUH cohort. A regression model incorporating age showed that tau levels identified probable ADs with 81 and 96% accuracy in the BSHRI and NTUH cohorts, respectively, while computed products of Aβ42 and tau increased the accuracy to 84% in the BSHRI cohorts. Using 382.68 (pg/ml)2 as the cut-off value, the product achieved 92% accuracy in identifying AD in the combined cohorts. Overall findings support that plasma Aβ42 and tau assayed by IMR technology can be used to assist in the clinical diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun CityAZ, United States.,Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, TempeAZ, United States
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun CityAZ, United States
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Naomi Jing
- Department of Statistics, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | | | - Christopher Schmitz
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, TempeAZ, United States
| | - Andre Guerra
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, TempeAZ, United States
| | - Christine M Belden
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun CityAZ, United States
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Douglas G Walker
- Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun CityAZ, United States.,Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, TempeAZ, United States
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, PhoenixAZ, United States
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, PhoenixAZ, United States.,Translational Genomics Research Institute, PhoenixAZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, PhoenixAZ, United States
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94
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van Waalwijk van Doorn LJC, Kulic L, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Kuiperij HB, Versleijen AAM, Struyfs H, Twaalfhoven HAM, Fourier A, Engelborghs S, Perret-Liaudet A, Lehmann S, Verbeek MM, Vanmechelen EJM, Teunissen CE. Multicenter Analytical Validation of Aβ40 Immunoassays. Front Neurol 2017; 8:310. [PMID: 28725210 PMCID: PMC5497061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before implementation in clinical practice, biomarker assays need to be thoroughly analytically validated. There is currently a strong interest in implementation of the ratio of amyloid-β peptide 1-42 and 1-40 (Aβ42/Aβ40) in clinical routine. Therefore, in this study, we compared the analytical performance of six assays detecting Aβ40 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in six laboratories according to a recently standard operating procedure (SOP) developed for implementation of ELISA assays for clinical routine. METHODS Aβ40 assays of six vendors were validated in up to three centers per assay according to recently proposed international consensus validation protocols. The performance parameters included sensitivity, precision, dilutional linearity, recovery, and parallelism. Inter-laboratory variation was determined using a set of 20 CSF samples. In addition, test results were used to critically evaluate the SOPs that were used to validate the assays. RESULTS Most performance parameters of the different Aβ40 assays were similar between labs and within the predefined acceptance criteria. The only exceptions were the out-of-range results of recovery for the majority of experiments and of parallelism by three laboratories. Additionally, experiments to define the dilutional linearity and hook-effect were not executed correctly in part of the centers. The inter-laboratory variation showed acceptable low levels for all assays. Absolute concentrations measured by the assays varied by a factor up to 4.7 for the extremes. CONCLUSION All validated Aβ40 assays appeared to be of good technical quality and performed generally well according to predefined criteria. A novel version of the validation SOP is developed based on these findings, to further facilitate implementation of novel immunoassays in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J C van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luka Kulic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marleen J A Koel-Simmelink
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra A M Versleijen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Harry A M Twaalfhoven
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Memory Resources and Research (CMRR), Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE), Hôpitaux de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Memory Clinic and Department of Neurology, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Memory Resources and Research (CMRR), Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE), Hôpitaux de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- CHU de Montpellier and Université de Montpellier, IRMB, Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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95
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Abu Hamdeh S, Waara ER, Möller C, Söderberg L, Basun H, Alafuzoff I, Hillered L, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Marklund N. Rapid amyloid-β oligomer and protofibril accumulation in traumatic brain injury. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:451-462. [PMID: 28557010 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) is central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and associated with progressive neurodegeneration in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We analyzed predisposing factors for Aβ deposition including monomeric Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ oligomers/protofibrils, Aβ species with pronounced neurotoxic properties, following human TBI. Highly selective ELISAs were used to analyze N-terminally intact and truncated Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as Aβ oligomers/protofibrils, in human brain tissue, surgically resected from severe TBI patients (n = 12; mean age 49.5 ± 19 years) due to life-threatening brain swelling/hemorrhage within one week post-injury. The TBI tissues were compared to post-mortem AD brains (n = 5), to post-mortem tissue of neurologically intact (NI) subjects (n = 4) and to cortical biopsies obtained at surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients (iNPH; n = 4). The levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were not elevated by TBI. The levels of Aβ oligomers/protofibrils in TBI were similar to those in the significantly older AD patients and increased compared to NI and iNPH controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, TBI patients carrying the AD risk genotype Apolipoprotein E epsilon3/4 (APOE ε3/4; n = 4) had increased levels of Aβ oligomers/protofibrils (P < 0.05) and of both N-terminally intact and truncated Aβ42 (P < 0.05) compared to APOE ε3/4-negative TBI patients (n = 8). Neuropathological analysis showed insoluble Aβ aggregates (commonly referred to as Aβ plaques) in three TBI patients, all of whom were APOE ε3/4 carriers. We conclude that soluble intermediary Aβ aggregates form rapidly after TBI, especially among APOE ε3/4 carriers. Further research is needed to determine whether these aggregates aggravate the clinical short- and long-term outcome in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Hans Basun
- BioArctic Neuroscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical and experimental pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hillered
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- BioArctic Neuroscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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96
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Chiotis K, Saint-Aubert L, Boccardi M, Gietl A, Picco A, Varrone A, Garibotto V, Herholz K, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Frisoni GB, Winblad B, Jack CR. Clinical validity of increased cortical uptake of amyloid ligands on PET as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:214-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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97
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Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Zyśk M, Dyś A, Ronowska A, Gul-Hinc S, Klimaszewska-Łata J. Early and Late Pathomechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease: From Zinc to Amyloid-β Neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:891-904. [PMID: 28039593 PMCID: PMC5357490 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are several systemic and intracerebral pathologic conditions, which limit provision and utilization of energy precursor metabolites in neuronal cells. Energy deficits cause excessive depolarization of neuronal cells triggering glutamate-zinc evoked excitotoxic cascade. The intracellular zinc excess hits several intraneuronal targets yielding collapse of energy balance and impairment functional and structural impairments cholinergic neurons. Disturbances in metabolism of acetyl-CoA, which is a direct precursor for energy, acetylcholine, N-acetyl-L-aspartate and acetylated proteins synthesis, play an important role in these pathomechanisms. Disruption of brain homeostasis activates slow accumulation of amyloid-β 1-42 , which extra and intracellular oligomeric deposits disrupt diverse transporting and signaling processes in all membrane structures of the cell. Both neurotoxic signals may combine aggravating detrimental effects on neuronal cell. Different neuroglial and neuronal cell types may display differential susceptibility to similar pathogenic insults depending on specific features of their energy and functional parameters. This review, basing on findings gained from cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease, discusses putative energy/acetyl-CoA dependent mechanism in early and late stages of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Bielarczyk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Zyśk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dyś
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Gul-Hinc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
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98
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Differential diagnosis between patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, behavioral variant, using quantitative electroencephalographic features. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:569-581. [PMID: 28243755 PMCID: PMC5399050 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a classifier for differentiating probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and from frontotemporal dementia, behavioral variant (bvFTD) based on quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). We compared 25 QEEG features in 61 dementia patients (20 patients with probable AD, 20 patients with PDD or probable DLB (DLBPD), and 21 patients with bvFTD). Support vector machine classifiers were trained to distinguish among the three groups. Out of the 25 features, 23 turned out to be significantly different between AD and DLBPD, 17 for AD versus bvFTD, and 12 for bvFTD versus DLBPD. Using leave-one-out cross validation, the classification achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 100% using only the QEEG features Granger causality and the ratio of theta and beta1 band powers. These results indicate that classifiers trained with selected QEEG features can provide a valuable input in distinguishing among AD, DLB or PDD, and bvFTD patients. In this study with 61 patients, no misclassifications occurred. Therefore, further studies should investigate the potential of this method to be applied not only on group level but also in diagnostic support for individual subjects.
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99
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Somers C, Goossens J, Engelborghs S, Bjerke M. Selecting Aβ isoforms for an Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel. Biomark Med 2017; 11:169-178. [PMID: 28111962 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) and tau show a high diagnostic accuracy, there are still limitations due to overlap in the biomarker levels with other neurodegenerative and dementia disorders. During Aβ1-42 production and clearance in the brain, several other Aβ peptides and amyloid precursor protein fragments are formed that could potentially serve as biomarkers for this ongoing disease process. Therefore, this review will present the current status of the findings for amyloid precursor protein and Aβ peptide isoforms in AD and clinically related disorders. In conclusion, adding new Aβ isoforms to the AD biomarker panel may improve early differential diagnostic accuracy and increase the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker concordance with AD neuropathological findings in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisse Somers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joery Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology & Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim & Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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100
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Ba M, Kong M, Li X, Ng KP, Rosa-Neto P, Gauthier S. Is ApoE ɛ 4 a good biomarker for amyloid pathology in late onset Alzheimer's disease? Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:20. [PMID: 27891223 PMCID: PMC5112745 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1-42) and amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging are important in diagnosing amyloid pathology in vivo. ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE ɛ 4), which is a major genetic risk factor for late onset AD, is an important genetic biomarker for AD pathophysiology. It has been shown that ApoE ɛ 4 is involved in Aβ deposition and formation of amyloid plaques. Studies have suggested the utility of peripheral blood ApoE ɛ 4 in AD diagnosis and risk assessment. However it is still a matter of debate whether ApoE ɛ 4 status would improve prediction of amyloid pathology and represent a cost-effective alternative to amyloid PET or CSF Aβ in resource-limited settings in late onset AD. Recent research suggest that the mean prevalence of PET amyloid-positivity is 95% in ApoE ɛ 4-positive AD patients. This short review aims to provide an updated information on the relationship between ApoE ɛ 4 and amyloid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Ba
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong 264000 People's Republic of China.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Min Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong 264000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 People's Republic of China
| | - Kok Pin Ng
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
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