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Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Ajayi BO, Idowu TE, Eriomala OO, Akinbote FO. 6-Gingerol improves testicular function in mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:358-372. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117703689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EO Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - IA Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - BO Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - TE Idowu
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - OO Eriomala
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - FO Akinbote
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Bishayee A, Haskell Y, Do C, Siveen KS, Mohandas N, Sethi G, Stoner GD. Potential Benefits of Edible Berries in the Management of Aerodigestive and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1753-75. [PMID: 25781639 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.982243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological reports as well as experimental studies have demonstrated the significant health benefits provided by regular berry consumption. Berries possess both prophylactic and therapeutic potential against several chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases. Berries owe their health benefits to phytoconstituents, such as polyphenolic anthocyanins, ellagic acid, and a diverse array of phytochemicals bestowed with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the ability to engage a multitude of signaling pathways. This review highlights the principal chemical constituents present in berries and their primary molecular targets. The article presents and critically analyzes the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of berry extracts, fractions, and bioactive components on various cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including esophageal, stomach, intestinal, and colorectal cancers as well as cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, such as oral cancer. The current status of clinical studies evaluating berry products in several aforementioned cancers is presented. Various emerging issues including dose-ranging and dosage forms, the role of synergy and the usage of combination therapy as well as other relevant areas essential for the development of berry phytoconstituents as mainstream chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against aerodigestive and GIT cancers are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute , Miami , Florida USA
| | - Yennie Haskell
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio USA
| | - Chau Do
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio USA
| | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- c Department of Pharmacology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nima Mohandas
- d School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- c Department of Pharmacology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Gary D Stoner
- e Division of Hematology and Oncology , Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin USA
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Li R, Kim MH, Sandhu AK, Gao C, Gu L. Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) or Wine Phytochemicals Reduce Intestinal Inflammation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:769-776. [PMID: 28112913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemical extracts from muscadine grapes or wine on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to investigate cellular mechanisms. Two groups of C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with muscadine grape phytochemicals (MGP) or muscadine wine phytochemicals (MWP), respectively, for 14 days. Acute colitis was induced by 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. An additional two groups of mice served as healthy and disease controls. Results indicated that MGP or MWP significantly prevented weight loss, reduced disease activity index, and preserved colonic length compared to the colitis group (p ≤ 0.05). MGP or MWP significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in colon (p ≤ 0.05). MGP or MWP caused down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that phytochemicals from muscadine grape or wine mitigate ulcerative colitis via attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and modulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and ‡Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and ‡Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Amandeep K Sandhu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and ‡Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Chi Gao
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and ‡Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and ‡Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Pan P, Skaer CW, Wang HT, Kreiser MA, Stirdivant SM, Oshima K, Huang YW, Young MR, Wang LS. Systemic Metabolite Changes in Wild-type C57BL/6 Mice Fed Black Raspberries. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:299-306. [PMID: 28094560 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) elicit chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer in humans and in rodents. The objective of this study was to investigate potential BRB-caused metabolite changes using wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS WT mice were fed either control diet or control diet supplemented with 5% BRBs for 8 wk. A nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on colonic mucosa, liver, and fecal specimens collected from both diet groups. BRBs significantly changed the levels of 41 colonic mucosa metabolites, 40 liver metabolites, and 34 fecal metabolites compared to control diet-fed mice. BRBs reduced 34 lipid metabolites in colonic mucosa and increased levels of amino acids in liver. One metabolite, 3-[3-(sulfooxy) phenyl] propanoic acid, might be a useful biomarker of BRB consumption. In addition, BRB powder was found to contain 30-fold higher levels of linolenate compared to control diets. Consistently, multiple omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), including stearidonate, docosapentaenoate (ω-3 DPA), eicosapentaenoate (EPA), and docosahexaenoate (DHA), were significantly elevated in livers of BRB-fed mice. CONCLUSION The data from the current study suggest that BRBs produce systemic metabolite changes in multiple tissue matrices, supporting our hypothesis that BRBs may serve as both a chemopreventive agent and a beneficial dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Chad W Skaer
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Michael A Kreiser
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Steven M Stirdivant
- b Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon, Inc. , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- c Department of Pathology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Matthew R Young
- e Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
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Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Awoyemi OV, Njoku CR, Micah GO, Esogwa CU, Owumi SE, Olopade JO. Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:913-21. [PMID: 26691887 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary protocatechuic acid (PCA), a simple hydrophilic phenolic compound commonly found in many edible vegetables, on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis and its associated hepatotoxicity in rats. PCA was administered orally at 10 mg kg(-1) to dextran sulphate sodium exposed rats for five days. The result revealed that administration of PCA significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the incidence of diarrhea and bleeding, the decrease in the body weight gain, shortening of colon length and the increase in colon mass index in DSS-treated rats. Furthermore, PCA prevented the increase in the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver toxicity and markedly suppressed the DSS-mediated elevation in colonic nitric oxide concentration and myeloperoxidase activity in the treated rats. Administration of PCA significantly protected against colonic and hepatic oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant status and concomitantly decreased hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the DSS-treated rats. Moreover, histological examinations confirmed PCA chemoprotection against colon and liver damage. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PCA significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in the colon of DSS-treated rats. In conclusion, the effective chemoprotective role of PCA in colitis and the associated hepatotoxicity is related to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Omolola V Awoyemi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Chinonye R Njoku
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Gabriel O Micah
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Cynthia U Esogwa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Shen P, Cao Y, Lu X, Gao X, Fu Y, Liu B, Zhang N. Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Choi GJ, Kang H, Kim WJ, Kwon JW, Kim BG, Choi YS, Cha YJ, Ko JS. Rubus occidentalis analgesic effect in a rat model of incisional pain. J Surg Res 2016; 206:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kang Y, Xue Y, Du M, Zhu MJ. Preventive effects of Goji berry on dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:70-76. [PMID: 27863347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) exerts immune modulation and suppresses inflammation in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that Goji berry had beneficial effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice through suppressing inflammation. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with a standard AIN-93G diet with or without 1% (w/w) Goji berry for 4 weeks. Then, colitis was induced by supplementing 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of remission period to mimic ulcerative colitis symptoms. Goji berry supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced body weight loss, diminished diarrhea and gross bleeding, and resulted in a significantly decreased disease activity index, as well as DSS-associated colon shortening. Moreover, 30% mortality rate caused by DSS-induced colitis was avoided because of Goji berry supplementation. Histologically, Goji berry ameliorated colonic edema, mucosal damage and neutrophil infiltration into colonic intestinal tissue in response to DSS challenge, which was associated with decreased expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2. In conclusion, Goji supplementation confers protective effects against DSS-induced colitis, which is associated with decreased neutrophil infiltration and suppressed inflammation. Thus, dietary Goji is likely beneficial to inflammatory bowel disease patients as a complementary therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Yansong Xue
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Choi GJ, Kang H, Kim WJ, Baek CW, Jung YH, Woo YC, Kwon JW. Rubus occidentalis alleviates hyperalgesia induced by repeated intramuscular injection of acidic saline in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 27400712 PMCID: PMC4940828 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) fruit extract (ROE) in a rat model of chronic muscle pain and examine the mechanisms involved. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used, and chronic muscle pain was induced by two injections of acidic saline into one gastrocnemius muscle. For the first experiment, 50 rats were randomly assigned to five groups. After the development of hyperalgesia, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9 % saline or ROE (10, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg). For the second experiment, 70 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline, yohimbine, dexmedetomidine, prazosin, atropine, mecamylamine, or naloxone after the development of hyperalgesia. Ten minutes later, ROE (300 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. For both experiments, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was evaluated with von Frey filaments before the first acidic saline injection, 24 h after the second injection, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min, 24 and 48 h after the drug administration. Results Compared with the control group, the MWT significantly increased up to 45 min after injection of ROE 100 mg/kg and up to 60 min after injection of ROE 300 mg/kg, respectively. Injection of ROE together with yohimbine or mecamylamine significantly decreased the MWT compared with the effect of ROE alone, while ROE together with dexmedetomidine significantly increased the MWT. Conclusions ROE showed antinociceptive activity against induced chronic muscle pain, which may be mediated by α2-adrenergic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1192-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Sodagari HR, Esfahani SA, Rezaei N. A mechanistic review on plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements for prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:745-58. [PMID: 26799847 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1145546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent idiopathic inflammatory condition, characterized by disruption of the gut mucosal barrier. This mechanistic review aims to highlight the significance of plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements, which can be used in addition to restricted conventional options for the prevention of IBD and induction of remission. Various clinical trials confirmed the effectiveness and tolerability of natural supplements in patients with IBD. Mounting evidence suggests that these natural compounds perform their protective and therapeutic effect on IBD through numerous molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory, anti-oxidative stress, modulation of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, as well as improving gut microbiota. In conclusion, natural products can be considered as dietary supplements with therapeutic potential for IBD, provided that their safety and efficacy is confirmed in future well-designed clinical trials with adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,b Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- d Medicinal Plants Research Center , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,e International Campus ICTUMS , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sodagari
- f Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shadi A Esfahani
- g Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,j Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Jung MS, Lee SJ, Song Y, Jang SH, Min W, Won CK, Kim HD, Kim TH, Cho JH. Rubus crataegifolius Bunge regulates adipogenesis through Akt and inhibits high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:29. [PMID: 27123039 PMCID: PMC4847245 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the greatest public health problems and major risk factors for serious metabolic diseases and significantly increases the risk of premature death. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of Rubus crataegifolius Bunge (RCB) on adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells and its anti-obesity properties in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats were treated with RCB, and its effect on gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and Western blotting experiments. Results RCB treatment significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and PPARγ in the 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Subsequently, the expression of the PPARγ target genes aP2 and fatty acid synthase (FAS) decreased following RCB treatment during adipocyte differentiation. In uncovering the specific mechanism that mediates the effects of RCB, we demonstrated that the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt strongly decreased and that its downstream substrate phospho-GSK3β was downregulated following RCB treatment in the 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation, exerted stronger inhibitory effects on RCB-mediated suppression of adipocyte differentiation, leading to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation through the downregulation of Akt signaling. An HFD-induced obesity rat model was used to determine the inhibitory effects of RCB on obesity. Body weight gain and fat accumulation in adipose tissue were significantly reduced by the supplementation of RCB. Moreover, RCB treatment caused a significant decrease in adipocyte size, associated with a decrease in epididymal fat weight. The serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased in response to RCB treatment, whereas HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) increased, indicating that RCB attenuated lipid accumulation in adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese rats. Conclusion Our results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of RCB on adipogenesis through the reduction of the adipogenic factors PPARγ, C/EBPα, and phospho-Akt. RCB had a potent anti-obesity effect, reducing body weight gain in HFD-induced obese rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0091-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Yuno Song
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Chung-Kil Won
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453 Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jiju Daero 501, Jinju-city, Gyeongsangnamdo 660-701 Korea
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Martin DA, Bolling BW. A review of the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Funct 2016; 6:1773-86. [PMID: 25986932 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis presently have no cure and are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines. A variety of rodent models have been used to model chronic and acute colitis. Dietary polyphenols in foods and botanicals are of considerable interest for prevention and treatment of colitis. Many dietary polyphenols have been utilized for prevention of colitis in rodent models. Berries, green tea polyphenols, curcumin, and stilbenes have been the most extensively tested polyphenols in rodent models of colitis. The majority of polyphenols tested have inhibited colitis in rodents, but increasing doses of EGCG and green tea, isoflavones, flaxseed, and α-mangostin have exacerbated colitis. Few studies have examined combination of polyphenols or other bioactives for inhibition of colitis. Translating polyphenol doses used in rodent models of colitis to human equivalent doses reveals that supplemental doses are most likely required to inhibit colitis from a single polyphenol treatment. The ability to translate polyphenol treatments in rodent models is likely to be limited by species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and microbiota. Given these limitations, data from polyphenols in rodent models suggests merit for pursuing additional clinical studies for prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Boussenna A, Cholet J, Goncalves-Mendes N, Joubert-Zakeyh J, Fraisse D, Vasson MP, Texier O, Felgines C. Polyphenol-rich grape pomace extracts protect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1260-1268. [PMID: 25869646 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that polyphenols may exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of preventive consumption of polyphenol-rich red grape pomace extracts (GPEs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Rats were fed for 21 days with a semi-synthetic diet enriched with a GPE (Alicante-S, Alicante-P or Pinot-S) and colitis was induced by DSS administration in drinking water (40 g L(-1) ) during the last 7 days of experimentation. RESULTS GPEs attenuated clinical signs and colon shortening and Alicante GPEs limited histological lesions induced by DSS. GPEs curbed the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and modulated antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, GPEs prevented the DSS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the up-regulation of various genes implicated in colitis such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). CONCLUSION These results suggest that polyphenol-rich red GPEs could provide prevention against colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Boussenna
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- 3inature Biosphère, Parc Naturopôle Les Tiolans, F-03800, Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort, France
| | - Juliette Cholet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Nutrition, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Joubert-Zakeyh
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Place Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Fraisse
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Nutrition, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Odile Texier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Felgines
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Effects of Edible Berries: A Focus on Colon Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2016; 21:169. [PMID: 26840292 PMCID: PMC6273426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases across the world. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that diets rich in fruit, such as berries, provide significant health benefits against several types of cancer, including colon cancer. The anticancer activities of berries are attributed to their high content of phytochemicals and to their relevant antioxidant properties. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that berries and their bioactive components exert therapeutic and preventive effects against colon cancer by the suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and angiogenesis, through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/PKB/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK. Based on the exciting outcomes of preclinical studies, a few berries have advanced to the clinical phase. A limited number of human studies have shown that consumption of berries can prevent colorectal cancer, especially in patients at high risk (familial adenopolyposis or aberrant crypt foci, and inflammatory bowel diseases). In this review, we aim to highlight the findings of berries and their bioactive compounds in colon cancer from in vitro and in vivo studies, both on animals and humans. Thus, this review could be a useful step towards the next phase of berry research in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
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65
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Kula M, Krauze-Baranowska M. Rubus occidentalis: The black raspberry—its potential in the prevention of cancer. Nutr Cancer 2015; 68:18-28. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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66
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Sreedhar R, Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Karuppagounder V, Pitchaimani V, Afrin R, Harima M, Nakamura T, Ueno K, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Toki-shakuyaku-san, a Japanese kampo medicine, reduces colon inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:869-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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67
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Peiffer DS, Wang LS, Zimmerman NP, Ransom BWS, Carmella SG, Kuo CT, Chen JH, Oshima K, Huang YW, Hecht SS, Stoner GD. Dietary Consumption of Black Raspberries or Their Anthocyanin Constituents Alters Innate Immune Cell Trafficking in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 4:72-82. [PMID: 26603620 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB), their component anthocyanins (AC), and a metabolite of BRB ACs, protocatechuic acid (PCA), inhibit the development of esophageal cancer in rats induced by the carcinogen, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). All three components reduce inflammation in the esophagus and in plasma. The present study determined the relation of changes in inflammatory markers to infiltration of innate immune cells into NMBA-treated esophagus. Rats were injected with NMBA (0.35 mg/kg) for 5 weeks while on control diet. Following NMBA treatment, rats were fed diets containing 6.1% BRB powder, an AC-rich fraction of BRBs (3.8 μmol/g), or 500 ppm PCA. At weeks 15, 25, and 35, inflammatory biomarker expression in the plasma and esophagus was quantified, and infiltration of immune cells in the esophagus was examined. At all three time points, BRB, AC, and PCA similarly affected cytokine production in the esophagus and plasma of NMBA-treated rats, relative to the NMBA-only control. These included decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10. Moreover, all three diets also increased the expression of IL12, a cytokine that activates both cytolytic natural killer and CD8(+) T cells. In addition, the three diets also decreased infiltration of both macrophages and neutrophils into the esophagus. Overall, our results suggest that another mechanism by which BRBs, ACs, and PCA inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis is by altering cytokine expression and innate immune cell trafficking into tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peiffer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chieh-Ti Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jo-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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68
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Pan P, Skaer CW, Wang HT, Stirdivant SM, Young MR, Oshima K, Stoner GD, Lechner JF, Huang YW, Wang LS. Black raspberries suppress colonic adenoma development in ApcMin/+ mice: relation to metabolite profiles. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1245-53. [PMID: 26246425 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) have demonstrated chemopreventive effects in a dietary intervention trial with human colorectal cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate BRB-caused metabolite changes using the Apc(Min/+) mouse as a model of human colorectal cancer. Wild-type (WT) mice were fed control diet, and Apc(Min/+) mice were fed either control diet or control diet supplemented with 5% BRBs for 8 weeks. Colonic and intestinal polyp size and number were measured. A non-targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on colonic mucosa, liver and fecal specimens. Eight weeks of BRB treatment significantly decreased intestinal and colonic polyp number and size in Apc(Min/+) mice. The apc gene mutation significantly changed 52 metabolites in colonic mucosa associated with increased amino acid and decreased lipid metabolites, as well as 39 liver and 8 fecal metabolites. BRBs significantly reversed 23 apc-regulated metabolites, including 13 colonic mucosa, 8 liver and 2 fecal metabolites that were involved in amino acid, glutathione, lipid and nucleotide metabolism. Of these, changes in eight metabolites were linearly correlated with decreased colonic polyp number and size in BRB-treated Apc(Min/+) mice. Elevated levels of putrescine and linolenate in Apc(Min/+) mice were significantly decreased by BRBs. Ornithine decarboxylase expression, the key enzyme in putrescine generation, was fully suppressed by BRBs. These results suggest that BRBs produced beneficial effects against colonic adenoma development in Apc(Min/+) mice and modulated multiple metabolic pathways. The metabolite changes produced by BRBs might potentially reflect the BRB-mediated chemopreventive effects in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R Young
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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69
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Knight-Sepulveda K, Kais S, Santaolalla R, Abreu MT. Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2015; 11:511-520. [PMID: 27118948 PMCID: PMC4843040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasingly becoming interested in nonpharmacologic approaches to managing their disease. One of the most frequently asked questions of IBD patients is what they should eat. The role of diet has become very important in the prevention and treatment of IBD. Although there is a general lack of rigorous scientific evidence that demonstrates which diet is best for certain patients, several diets-such as the low-fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol diet; the specific carbohydrate diet; the anti-inflammatory diet; and the Paleolithic diet-have become popular. This article discusses the diets commonly recommended to IBD patients and reviews the supporting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Knight-Sepulveda
- Ms Knight-Sepulveda is a clinical dietitian and Dr Kais is an IBD clinical fellow at the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center in the University of Miami Health System in Miami, Florida. Dr Santaolalla is the research laboratory manager at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida. Dr Abreu is a professor of medicine, professor of microbiology and immunology, chief of the Division of Gastroenterology, director of the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center, and principal investigator at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Susan Kais
- Ms Knight-Sepulveda is a clinical dietitian and Dr Kais is an IBD clinical fellow at the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center in the University of Miami Health System in Miami, Florida. Dr Santaolalla is the research laboratory manager at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida. Dr Abreu is a professor of medicine, professor of microbiology and immunology, chief of the Division of Gastroenterology, director of the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center, and principal investigator at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Rebeca Santaolalla
- Ms Knight-Sepulveda is a clinical dietitian and Dr Kais is an IBD clinical fellow at the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center in the University of Miami Health System in Miami, Florida. Dr Santaolalla is the research laboratory manager at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida. Dr Abreu is a professor of medicine, professor of microbiology and immunology, chief of the Division of Gastroenterology, director of the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center, and principal investigator at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Ms Knight-Sepulveda is a clinical dietitian and Dr Kais is an IBD clinical fellow at the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center in the University of Miami Health System in Miami, Florida. Dr Santaolalla is the research laboratory manager at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida. Dr Abreu is a professor of medicine, professor of microbiology and immunology, chief of the Division of Gastroenterology, director of the UHealth Crohn's and Colitis Center, and principal investigator at The Micky & Madeleine Arison Family Foundation Crohn's & Colitis Discovery Laboratory at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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70
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Jo YH, Park HC, Choi S, Kim S, Bao C, Kim HW, Choi HK, Lee HJ, Auh JH. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Cyanidins in Black Raspberry as Candidates for Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Murine Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5449-5458. [PMID: 26023864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The extracts produced by multisolvent extraction and subfractionation with preparative liquid chromatography of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) cultivated in Gochang, South Korea, were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic profiling and analysis by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OLPS-DA) suggested that cyanidin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) were key components for the anti-inflammatory responses in the most active fraction BF3-1, where they were present at 0.44, 1.26, and 0.56 μg/mg of BF3-1, respectively. Both BF3-1 and mixture of these cyanidins at the same ratio reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein level of iNOS expression and suppressed mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β through inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and STAT3 in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Overall, the results suggested that co-administration of cyanidin, C3G, and C3R is more effective than that of cyanidin alone and that the coexistence of these anthocyanin components in black raspberry plays a vital role in regulating LPS-induced inflammation even at submicromolar concentrations, making it possible to explain the health beneficial activity of its extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Jo
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Park
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Choi
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Sugyeong Kim
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Cheng Bao
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- ‡College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- †Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, South Korea
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71
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Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. Dietary anthocyanins as a complementary medicinal approach for management of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:807-20. [PMID: 25586636 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from a chronic or relapsing activation of the immune system in the GI tract. A growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of dietary anthocyanins as plant-derived natural agents. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several natural products rich in anthocyanins used worldwide for the treatment of IBD. Anthocyanins possess both protective and therapeutic functions in the management of IBD by alleviating oxidative stress processes, cytoprotective functions, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and suppressing cellular signaling pathways of inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich natural formulations must be promoted on the basis of their possible function in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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72
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Ajayi BO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. Pharmacological Activity of 6-Gingerol in Dextran Sulphate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:566-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Babajide O. Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Isaac A. Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
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Yamada S, Koyama T, Noguchi H, Ueda Y, Kitsuyama R, Shimizu H, Tanimoto A, Wang KY, Nawata A, Nakayama T, Sasaguri Y, Satoh T. Marine hydroquinone zonarol prevents inflammation and apoptosis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113509. [PMID: 25409433 PMCID: PMC4237432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We previously identified an anti-inflammatory compound, zonarol, a hydroquinone isolated from the brown algae Dictyopteris undulata as a marine natural product. To ascertain the in vivo functions of zonarol, we examined the pharmacological effects of zonarol administration on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Our goal is to establish a safe and effective cure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using zonarol. METHODS AND RESULTS We subjected Slc:ICR mice to the administration of 2% DSS in drinking water for 14 days. At the same time, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (positive control) and zonarol at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, were given orally once a day. DSS-treated animals developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea, which were evaluated by the disease activity index (DAI). Treatment with 20 mg/kg of zonarol, as well as 5-ASA, significantly suppressed the DAI score, and also led to a reduced colonic ulcer length and/or mucosal inflammatory infiltration by various immune cells, especially macrophages. Zonarol treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules, and prevented the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Finally, zonarol protected against in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that a marine bioproduct protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine, a well-known prodrug that releases 5-ASA. We believe that the oral administration of zonarol might offer a better treatment for human IBDs than 5-ASA, or may be useful as an alternative/additive therapeutic strategy against UC, without any evidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitsuyama
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroya Shimizu
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Fukuoka 811-0213, Japan
| | - Takumi Satoh
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
- Department of Anti-Aging Food Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
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Saxena A, Kaur K, Hegde S, Kalekhan FM, Baliga MS, Fayad R. Dietary agents and phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of experimental ulcerative colitis. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:203-17. [PMID: 25379461 PMCID: PMC4220497 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.139111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), consisting mainly of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are important immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of the disease includes environmental and genetic factors. Its management presents a constant challenge for gastroenterologists and conventional surgeon. 5-Amninosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, and immune modulators have been used to reduce the symptoms and for maintenance of remission. Unfortunately, long-term usage of these agents has been found to lead to severe toxicities, which are deterrent to the users. Pre-clinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that certain dietary agents, spices, oils, and dietary phytochemicals that are consumed regularly possess beneficial effects in preventing/ameliorating UC. For the first time, this review addresses the use of these dietary agents and spices in the treatment and prevention of IBD and also emphasizes on the mechanisms responsible for their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Saxena
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shweta Hegde
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Faizan M Kalekhan
- Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Medda R, Lyros O, Schmidt JL, Jovanovic N, Nie L, Link BJ, Otterson MF, Stoner GD, Shaker R, Rafiee P. Anti inflammatory and anti angiogenic effect of black raspberry extract on human esophageal and intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 97:167-80. [PMID: 25446010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides) in berries prevent the initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis in rat's digestive tract and esophagus, in part, via anti-inflammatory pathways. Angiogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of black raspberry extract (BRE) on two organ specific primary human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, (HIMEC) and human esophageal microvascular endothelial cells (HEMEC), isolated from surgically resected human intestinal and donor discarded esophagus, respectively. HEMEC and HIMEC were stimulated with TNF-α/IL-1β with or without BRE. The anti-inflammatory effects of BRE were assessed based upon COX-2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene and protein expression, PGE2 production, NFκB p65 subunit nuclear translocation as well as endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion. The anti-angiogenic effects of BRE were assessed on cell migration, proliferation and tube formation following VEGF stimulation as well as on activation of Akt, MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. BRE inhibited TNF-α/IL-1β-induced NFκB p65 nuclear translocation, PGE2 production, up-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene and protein expression and leukocyte binding in HEMEC but not in HIMEC. BRE attenuated VEGF-induced cell migration, proliferation and tube formation in both HEMEC and HIMEC. The anti-angiogenic effect of BRE is mediated by inhibition of Akt, MAPK and JNK phosphorylations. BRE exerted differential anti-inflammatory effects between HEMEC and HIMEC following TNF-α/IL-1β activation whereas demonstrated similar anti-angiogenic effects following VEGF stimulation in both cell lines. These findings may provide more insight into the anti-tumorigenic capacities of BRE in human disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Medda
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jamie L Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nebojsa Jovanovic
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Linghui Nie
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Link
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary F Otterson
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Cancer Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Reza Shaker
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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76
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Li X, Li Y, States VA, Li S, Zhang X, Martin RCG. The effect of black raspberry extracts on MnSOD activity in protection against concanavalin A induced liver injury. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:930-7. [PMID: 24911141 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.922201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key events in carcinogenetic transformation. Black raspberries (BRB) have been demonstrated to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer bioactivities. In this study, a concanavalin A induced hepatitis mouse model is used to examine the effect of BRB extract on hepatic injury. Three BRB extracts, including ethanol/H2O extracts (both anthocyanin-contained fraction and nonanthocyanin-contained fraction) and hexane extract were used. The alterations in hepatic histology, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were observed in the animals pretreated with BRB extracts and then challenged by concanavalin A. Results indicate that ethanol/H2O extracts can inhibit Con A induced liver injury. The hepatic protection by the ethanol/H2O BRB extracts is associated with decreases of lipid peroxidation and NDA oxidative damage. Importantly, the BRB extracts increase manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity but not the CuZnSOD. The preservation of MnSOD by BRB extracts is associated with the protective action in the liver challenged by Con A. Ethanol/H2O BRB extracts function as antioxidants, thus demonstrating the critical role of oxidative stress in the Con A induced liver injury, and providing evidence that the protective effects of ethanol/H2O BRB extracts result, at least in part, from their antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Li
- a Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
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77
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Bioactive compounds or metabolites from black raspberries modulate T lymphocyte proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation and Jak/STAT signaling. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:889-900. [PMID: 24893859 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive phytochemicals from natural products, such as black raspberries (BRB; Rubus occidentalis), have direct anticancer properties on malignant cells in culture and in xenograft models. BRB components inhibit cancer progression in more complex rodent carcinogenesis models. Although mechanistic targets for BRB phytochemicals in cancer cells are beginning to emerge, the potential role in modulating host immune processes impacting cancer have not been systematically examined. We hypothesized that BRB contain compounds capable of eliciting potent immunomodulatory properties that impact cellular mediators relevant to chronic inflammation and tumor progression. We studied both an ethanol extract from black raspberries (BRB-E) containing a diverse mixture of phytochemicals and two abundant phytochemical metabolites of BRB produced upon ingestion (Cyanidin-3-Rutinoside, C3R; Quercitin-3-Rutinoside, Q3R). BRB-E inhibited proliferation, and viability of CD3/CD28 activated human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. BRB-E also limited in vitro expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and their suppressive capacity. Pre-treatment of immune cells with BRB-E attenuated IL-6-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation. In contrast, pre-treatment of immune cells with the C3R and Q3R metabolites inhibited MDSC expansion, IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling, but not IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and were less potent inhibitors of T cell viability. Together these data indicate that BRB extracts and their physiologically relevant metabolites contain phytochemicals that affect immune processes relevant to carcinogenesis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, specific BRB components and their metabolites may be a source of lead compounds for drug development that exhibits targeted immunological outcomes or inhibition of specific STAT-regulated signaling pathways.
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78
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Peiffer DS, Zimmerman NP, Wang LS, Ransom BWS, Carmella SG, Kuo CT, Siddiqui J, Chen JH, Oshima K, Huang YW, Hecht SS, Stoner GD. Chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with black raspberries, their component anthocyanins, and a major anthocyanin metabolite, protocatechuic acid. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:574-84. [PMID: 24667581 PMCID: PMC6108893 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diets containing either freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) or their polyphenolic anthocyanins (ACs) have been shown to inhibit the development of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal cancer in rats. The present study was conducted to determine whether PCA, a major microbial metabolite of black raspberry (BRB) ACs, also prevents NMBA-induced esophageal cancer in rats. F344 rats were injected with NMBA three times a week for 5 weeks and then fed control or experimental diets containing 6.1% BRBs, an anthocyanin (AC)-enriched fraction derived from BRBs, or protocatechuic acid (PCA). Animals were exsanguinated at weeks 15, 25, and 35 to quantify the development of preneoplastic lesions and tumors in the esophagus, and to relate this to the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. At weeks 15 and 25, all experimental diets were equally effective in reducing NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis, as well as in reducing the expression of pentraxin-3 (PTX3), a cytokine produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to interleukin (IL)-1β and TNF-α. All experimental diets were also active at reducing tumorigenesis at week 35; however, the BRB diet was significantly more effective than the AC and PCA diets. Furthermore, all experimental diets inhibited inflammation in the esophagus via reducing biomarker (COX-2, iNOS, p-NF-κB, and sEH) and cytokine (PTX3) expression. Overall, our data suggest that BRBs, their component ACs, and PCA inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis, at least in part, by their inhibitory effects on genes associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peiffer
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Noah P Zimmerman
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin W S Ransom
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chieh-Ti Kuo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jibran Siddiqui
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jo-Hsin Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center; Agro BioSciences Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Kundu JK, Chun KS. The Promise of Dried Fruits in Cancer Chemoprevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3343-52. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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80
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Hyun TK, Lee S, Rim Y, Kumar R, Han X, Lee SY, Lee CH, Kim JY. De-novo RNA sequencing and metabolite profiling to identify genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel). PLoS One 2014; 9:e88292. [PMID: 24505466 PMCID: PMC3914977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel, KB) on ripening is usually consumed as fresh fruit, whereas the unripe KB has been widely used as a source of traditional herbal medicine. Such a stage specific utilization of KB has been assumed due to the changing metabolite profile during fruit ripening process, but so far molecular and biochemical changes during its fruit maturation are poorly understood. To analyze biochemical changes during fruit ripening process at molecular level, firstly, we have sequenced, assembled, and annotated the transcriptome of KB fruits. Over 4.86 Gb of normalized cDNA prepared from fruits was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000, and assembled into 43,723 unigenes. Secondly, we have reported that alterations in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are the major factors facilitating variations in these stages of fruits. In addition, up-regulation of F3'H1, DFR4 and LDOX1 resulted in the accumulation of cyanidin derivatives during the ripening process of KB, indicating the positive relationship between the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, the ability of RcMCHI2 (R. coreanus Miquel chalcone flavanone isomerase 2) gene to complement Arabidopsis transparent testa 5 mutant supported the feasibility of our transcriptome library to provide the gene resources for improving plant nutrition and pigmentation. Taken together, these datasets obtained from transcriptome library and metabolic profiling would be helpful to define the gene-metabolite relationships in this non-model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Hyun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggil Rim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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81
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Marín M, María Giner R, Ríos JL, Recio MC. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of ellagic acid in the acute and chronic dextrane sulfate sodium models of mice colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:925-934. [PMID: 24140585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.; Lythraceae) has traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Because its fruits and extracts are rich in ellagitannins, which release ellagic acid when hydrolyzed, consumption of pomegranate products is currently being widely promoted for their potential health effects, including the prevention of inflammatory diseases and cancer. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in two different strains of mice and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute UC model, female Balb/C mice were treated with DSS (5%) for seven days while concomitantly receiving a dietary supplement of ellagic acid (2%). In the chronic UC model, female C57BL/6 mice received four week-long cycles of DSS (1% and 2%) interspersed with week-long recovery periods along with a diet supplemented with ellagic acid (0.5%). RESULTS In acute model of UC, ellagic acid ameliorated disease severity slightly as observed both macroscopically and through the profile of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). In the chronic UC model, ellagic acid significantly inhibited the progression of the disease, reducing intestinal inflammation and decreasing histological scores. Moreover, mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS were downregulated and the signaling pathways p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 were blocked. CONCLUSIONS Our study reinforces the hypothetical use of ellagic acid as an anti-inflammatory complement to conventional UC treatment in chronic UC patients and could be considered in the dietary prevention of intestinal inflammation and related cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Avda./Vicent Andrés Estellés sn, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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Wang LS, Kuo CT, Huang THM, Yearsley M, Oshima K, Stoner GD, Yu J, Lechner JF, Huang YW. Black raspberries protectively regulate methylation of Wnt pathway genes in precancerous colon tissue. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1317-27. [PMID: 24129635 PMCID: PMC3902171 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is frequently an intermediate step to colon cancer. The interleukin-10 knockout mouse is a genetic model of this progression. We report that knockout mice fed 5% black raspberries (BRB) had significantly less colonic ulceration as compared with knockout mice that consumed the control diet. Dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway is a key event in ulcerative colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BRBs on the Wnt pathway and found that the BRB-fed knockout mice exhibited a significantly lower level of β-catenin nuclear translocation. We followed-up this observation by evaluating the effect of BRBs on selected Wnt pathway antagonists. The mRNA expression levels of wif1, sox17, and qki were diminished in the knockout mice, whereas they were expressed at normal levels in knockout mice that were fed BRBs. The lower mRNA expression of these genes in the colon from the knockout mice correlated with hypermethylation of their promoter regions; BRBs decreased their promoter methylation and increased mRNA expression of these genes. This hypomethylation was associated with elevated protein expression of key proteins/enzymes that augment methylation, for example, dnmt3b, hdac1, hdac2, and mbd2 in the knockout mice; in addition, BRBs decreased the protein expression of these proteins/enzymes. The knockout mouse model recapitulates what occurs in human ulcerative colitis. Promoter methylation of CDH1 and SFRP1 was significantly higher in human ulcerative colitis tissues compared with their adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, our results suggest that BRBs inhibit colonic ulceration and, ultimately, colon cancer partly through inhibiting aberrant epigenetic events that dysregulate Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, TBRC, Room C4930, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
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83
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Wang LS, Kuo CT, Stoner K, Yearsley M, Oshima K, Yu J, Huang THM, Rosenberg D, Peiffer D, Stoner G, Huang YW. Dietary black raspberries modulate DNA methylation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2842-50. [PMID: 24067901 PMCID: PMC3845896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. During inflammation, NF-κB is increased in colonic epithelial cells and in immune cells, leading to increases in proinflammatory cytokines. These events then increase DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which silence a subset of tumor suppressor genes by promoter methylation. Negative regulators of the Wnt pathway are frequently methylated in UC, leading to dysregulation of the pathway and, potentially, to colorectal cancer. We determined if black raspberries (BRBs) influence promoter methylation of suppressors in the Wnt pathway in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. C57BL/6J mice received 1% DSS and were fed either control or 5% BRB diets. Mice were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 28, and their colons, spleen and bone marrow were collected. Berries reduced ulceration at day 28. This was accompanied by decreased staining of macrophages and neutrophils and decreased NF-κB p65 nuclear localization in the colon at all time points. At day 7, BRBs demethylated the promoter of dkk3, leading to its increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in colon, spleen and bone marrow. β-Catenin nuclear localization, c-Myc staining as well as protein expression of DNMT3B, histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1 and HDAC2) and methyl-binding domain 2 (MBD2) were all decreased in colon; mRNA expression of these four proteins was decreased in bone marrow cells by BRBs. These results suggest that BRBs suppress colonic ulceration by correcting promoter hypermethylation of suppressor genes in the colon, as well as in the spleen and bone marrow that systematically regulate inflammation. SUMMARY Our results suggest that dietary BRBs suppress colonic ulceration by correcting promoter hypermethylation of suppressor genes in the colon, as well as in the spleen and bone marrow that systematically regulate inflammation in DSS-induced UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Wang
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Room C4930, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, TBRC, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Tel: +1 414 955 2827; Fax: +1 414 955 2821;
| | - Chieh-Ti Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-39000, USA
- HealthNet, Inc., Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Tim H.-M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-39000, USA
| | - Daniel Rosenberg
- HealthNet, Inc., Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA and
| | - Dan Peiffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-39000, USA
- HealthNet, Inc., Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Gary Stoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-39000, USA
- HealthNet, Inc., Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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84
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Digital image analysis of inflammation markers in colorectal mucosa by using a spatial visualization method. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:147-54. [PMID: 24360569 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply the spatial visualization method of digital images to quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in various segments of large bowel excised because of colitis ulcerosa in relation with selected clinical symptoms. Our preliminary study included 17 patients having undergone restorative proctocolectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed for IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. The area fraction and intensity fraction of the cytokines studied were determined by digital image analysis. The results were then categorized using Alfred Immunohistochemistry Score. The expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly higher in the rectum than in colonic segments (p<0.01), and was associated with the patients' clinical condition. The method of quantitative immunohistochemistry presented here allows for searching associations between the expression of biomarkers and clinical symptoms. Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines could be recommended in the active stage of the disease with present symptoms of bloody and mucus stools. A higher expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in samples beyond large intestine correlates with an intensified clinical course of the disease. In patients without bleeding and mucus symptoms present in stools, no significant correlations were found. Therefore, the assessment of cytokines during remission or clinically silent stage might not be useful.
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85
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Taheri R, Connolly BA, Brand MH, Bolling BW. Underutilized chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia) accessions are rich sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8581-8. [PMID: 23941506 DOI: 10.1021/jf402449q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols from underutilized black, purple, and red aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia prunifolia, and Aronia arbutifolia) and 'Viking' (Aronia mitschurinii) berries were characterized. Anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin flavonoids were quantitated by UHPLC-DAD-MS and proanthocyanidins by normal-phase HPLC. On a dry weight basis, anthocyanins were mainly cyanidin-3-galactoside, highest in black aronia (3.4-14.8 mg/g) and lowest in red aronia (0.5-0.8 mg/g) as cyandin-3-galactoside equivalents. Berries from 'Viking' and the red accession UC021 had substantially more proanthocyanidins than the other accessions, with 3.3 and 3.8 mg catechin equiv/g, respectively. Chlorogenic acids and quercetin glycosides were most abundant in purple UC047 berries, at 17.3 and 1.3 mg/g, respectively. In contrast to anthocyanin content, total phenol values were highest in berries from red and purple accessions and attributed to phenolic acid and proanthocyanin content. Thus, red, purple, and black aronia berries are rich sources of polyphenols with various levels of polyphenol classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Taheri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , 3624 Horsebarn Road Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4017, United States
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Graf D, Seifert S, Bub A, Fröhling B, Dold S, Unger F, Römpp A, Watzl B. Anthocyanin-rich juice does not affect gut-associated immunity in Fischer rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1753-61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Graf
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stephanie Seifert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bettina Fröhling
- Geisenheim Research Center; Department of Wine Analysis and Beverage Technology; Geisenheim Germany
| | - Sebastian Dold
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Franziska Unger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
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87
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Ethanol Extract of Antrodia camphorata Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Mice with Acute DSS-Induced Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:914524. [PMID: 23818935 PMCID: PMC3683464 DOI: 10.1155/2013/914524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of Antrodia camphorata (AC) grown on germinated brown rice (CBR) extract was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. CBR suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 from lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-)stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CBR inhibited the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-(COX-)2 proteins, and it activated p38-MAPK, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression was reduced in CBR-treated RAW264.7 cells. In concert with in vitro data, CBR suppressed the levels of dextran-sulfate-sodium-(DSS-)induced iNOS and COX-2 proteins in the colon tissue. CBR treatment inhibited activated p38-MAPK, ERK, and NF-κB proteins in the colon tissue of DSS-induced mice. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression was reduced in DSS+CBR-treated mice. The disease activity index and histological scores were significantly lower in CBR-treated mice (500 mg/kg/day) than in DSS-treated mice (P < 0.05 versus DSS). This is the first report of anti-inflammatory activity of CBR in DSS-induced acute colitis. These results suggest that CBR is a promising, potential agent for preventing acute colitis through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and its upstream signaling molecules, including MAPKs.
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88
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Biedermann L, Mwinyi J, Scharl M, Frei P, Zeitz J, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR, Fried M, Weber A, Humpf HU, Peschke S, Jetter A, Krammer G, Rogler G. Bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis - an open pilot study. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:271-9. [PMID: 22883440 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A significant fraction of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is not sufficiently controlled with conventional therapy or suffers from therapy related side effects. Anthocyanins, highly abundant in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), were shown to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of bilberries in active UC. METHODS In an open pilot trial with a total follow-up of 9 weeks the effect of a daily standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation was tested in 13 patients with mild to moderate UC. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and histologic parameters were assessed. RESULTS At the end of the 6 week treatment interval 63.4% of patients achieved remission, the primary endpoint, while 90.9% of patients showed a response. In all patients a decrease in total Mayo score was detected (mean: 6.5 and 3.6 at screening and week 7, respectively; p<0.001). Fecal calprotectin levels significantly decreased during the treatment phase (baseline: mean 778 μg/g, range 192-1790 μg/g; end of treatment: mean 305 μg/g, range <30-1586 μg/g; p=0.049), including 4 patients achieving undetectable levels at end of treatment. A decrease in endoscopic Mayo score and histologic Riley index confirmed the beneficial effect. However, an increase of calprotectin levels and disease activity was observed after cessation of bilberry intake. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the promising therapeutic potential of a standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation in UC in humans. These results clearly indicate a therapeutic potential of bilberries in UC. Further studies on mechanisms and randomized clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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89
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Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Ajayi BO, Ayepola OR, Egbeme EE. Kolaviron, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemical prevents dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:49-55. [PMID: 23336970 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid from the seeds of Garcinia kola, have been attributed mainly to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated these effects on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Sulfasalazine served as standard reference in this study. Kolaviron and sulfasalazine were separately co-administered orally at 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, to dextran sulphate sodium-exposed rats for 5 days. The result indicated that kolaviron or sulfasalazine significantly prevented DSS-induced body weight loss as well as the incidence of diarrhoea and bleeding in DSS-exposed rats. Kolaviron suppressed the DSS-mediated increase in colonic nitric oxide concentration and myeloperoxidase activity and significantly prevented the increase in inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in the colon of DSS-treated rats. The significant depletion in colonic antioxidant status in rats exposed to DSS alone was evident by marked reduction in colonic catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities as well as glutathione content, leading to elevated hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. Histopathologically, DSS alone resulted in severe epithelial erosion, total absence of goblet cells, destruction of the crypts, necrotic and distorted glands, accompanied by marked cellular mononuclear cells infiltration. However, administration of kolaviron and sulfasalazine ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by increasing the antioxidant status decreased hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels and attenuated the adverse effect of DSS on colon architecture. In conclusion, the anti-colitis effect of kolaviron is related to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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90
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Bushakra JM, Krieger C, Deng D, Stephens MJ, Allan AC, Storey R, Symonds VV, Stevenson D, McGhie T, Chagné D, Buck EJ, Gardiner SE. QTL involved in the modification of cyanidin compounds in black and red raspberry fruit. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:847-65. [PMID: 23224381 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruit from Rubus species are highly valued for their flavor and nutritive qualities. Anthocyanin content contributes to these qualities, and although many studies have been conducted to identify and quantify the major anthocyanin compounds from various Rubus species, the genetic control of the accumulation of these complex traits in Rubus is not yet well understood. The identification of the regions of the genome involved in the production of anthocyanins is an important first step in identifying the genes underlying their expression. In this study, ultra and high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC and HPLC) and two newly developed Rubus linkage maps were used to conduct QTL analyses to explore the presence of associations between concentrations of five anthocyanins in fruit and genotype. In total, 27 QTL were identified on the Rubus linkage maps, four of which are associated with molecular markers designed from transcription factors and three of which are associated with molecular markers designed from anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway candidate genes. The results of this study suggest that, while QTL for anthocyanin accumulation have been identified on six of seven Rubus linkage groups (RLG), the QTL on RLG2 and RLG7 may be very important for genetic control of cyanidin modification in Rubus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bushakra
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Batchelar Road, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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91
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Montrose DC, Scherl EJ, Bosworth BP, Zhou XK, Jung B, Dannenberg AJ, Hla T. S1P₁ localizes to the colonic vasculature in ulcerative colitis and maintains blood vessel integrity. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:843-851. [PMID: 23296878 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor₁ (S1P₁) promotes blood vessel barrier function. Degradation of S1P₁ results in increased vascular permeability in the lung and may explain side effects associated with administration of FTY720, a functional antagonist of the S1P₁ receptor that is currently used to treat multiple sclerosis. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by an increased density of abnormal vessels. The expression or role of S1P₁ in blood vessels in the colon has not been investigated. In the present study, we show that S1P₁ is overexpressed in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. This increase in S1P₁ levels reflects increased vascular density in the inflamed mucosa. Genetic deletion of S1pr1 in mice increases colonic vascular permeability under basal conditions and increases bleeding in experimental colitis. In contrast, neither FTY720 nor AUY954, two S1P receptor-targeting agents, increases bleeding in experimental colitis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that S1P₁ is critical to maintaining colonic vascular integrity and may play a role in UC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Vascular Biology
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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92
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Pleiotrophic effects of natural products in ROS-induced carcinogenesis: The role of plant-derived natural products in oral cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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93
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Jena G, Trivedi PP, Sandala B. Oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis: an old concept but a new concern. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1339-45. [PMID: 22856328 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.717692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic, chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease, which elicits the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. It has been known for a long time that oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in the inflamed tissue that can pave the way towards DNA damage and carcinogenesis. However, the DNA damage produced due to oxidative stress in the inflamed tissue is not limited to the local site but extends globally, thereby augmenting the risk of global carcinogenesis. Targeting oxidative stress may provide an exciting avenue to combat inflammation-associated local as well as global DNA damage and the subsequent carcinogenesis. The present review portrays the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and the associated local as well as global DNA damage, which may lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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94
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Trivedi PP, Jena GB. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis leads to increased hematopoiesis and induces both local as well as systemic genotoxicity in mice. Mutat Res 2012; 744:172-83. [PMID: 22414559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder eliciting the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. The present study was aimed to characterize dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and to elucidate its influence on the bone marrow cell proliferation and the subsequent stimulation of the systemic genotoxicity in mice. Experimental colitis was induced in Swiss mice using 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. The severity of colitis was assessed on the basis of clinical signs, colon length, oxidative stress parameters, various pro-inflammatory markers, histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium treated mice. Further, assessment of genotoxicity was carried out using alkaline and modified comet assays in the colon and lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in the peripheral blood of mice. For the evaluation of inflammation-induced cell proliferation in the bone marrow, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining was carried out in the bone marrow of mice. Dextran sulfate sodium induced severe colitis as evident from the elevated disease activity index, reduced colon length, increased oxidative stress, histological abnormalities and oxidative DNA damage in the colon of mice. Moreover, colitis-induced elevated prostaglandin-E2 level in the plasma of dextran sulfate sodium treated mice stimulated the cell proliferation in the bone marrow, which further triggered colitis-induced DNA damage in the peripheral blood of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India.
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95
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96
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Skyberg JA, Robison A, Golden S, Rollins MF, Callis G, Huarte E, Kochetkova I, Jutila MA, Pascual DW. Apple polyphenols require T cells to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and dampen proinflammatory cytokine expression. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:1043-54. [PMID: 21693591 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0311168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human IBD, including UC and Crohn's disease, is characterized by a chronic, relapsing, and remitting condition that exhibits various features of immunological inflammation and affects at least one/1000 people in Western countries. Polyphenol extracts from a variety of plants have been shown to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, treatment with APP was investigated to ameliorate chemically induced colitis. Oral but not peritoneal administration of APP during colitis induction significantly protected C57BL/6 mice against disease, as evidenced by the lack of weight loss, colonic inflammation, and shortening of the colon. APP administration dampened the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ in the colons of mice with colitis. APP-mediated protection requires T cells, as protection was abated in Rag-1(-/-) or TCRα(-/-) mice but not in IL-10(-/-), IRF-1(-/-), μMT, or TCRδ(-/-) mice. Administration of APP during colitis to TCRα(-/-) mice actually enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression, further demonstrating a requirement for TCRαβ cells in APP-mediated protection. APP treatment also inhibited CXCR3 expression by TCRαβ cells, but not B or NK cells, in the colons of mice with colitis; however, depletion of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells alone did not abolish APP-mediated protection. Collectively, these results show that oral administration of APP protects against experimental colitis and diminishes proinflammatory cytokine expression via T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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