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Bai J, Wu J, Tang R, Sun C, Ji J, Yin Z, Ma G, Yang W. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone, suppresses liver cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating VEGFR 2 and miR-34a. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:229-245. [PMID: 30976957 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) and potential effects of Emodin on liver cancer were systematically evaluated in this study. Both the intragastric administration (i.g.) and hypodermic injection (i.h.) of Emodin exhibited a strong absorption (absorption rate < 1 h) and elimination capacity (t1/2 ≈ 2 h). The tissue distribution of Emodin after i.h. was rapid and wide. The stability of Emodin in three species of liver microsomes wasrat >human> beagle dog. These PK data provided the basis for the subsequent animal experiments. In liver cancer patient tissues, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced signaling pathways, including phosphorylated VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), AKT, and ERK1/2,were simultaneously elevated, but miR-34a expression was reduced and negatively correlated with SMAD2 and SMAD4. Emodin inhibited the expression of SMAD2/4 in HepG2 cells by inducing the miR-34a level. Subsequently, BALB/c nude mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of HepG2 cells with or without Emodin treatment (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), and Emodin inhibited tumorigenesis and reduced the mortality rate in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo experiments showed that cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were promoted by VEGF or miR-34a signal treatment but were inhibited when combined with Emodin treatment. All these results demonstrated that Emodin inhibited tumorigenesis in liver cancer by simultaneously inhibiting the VEGFR2-AKT-ERK1/2signaling pathway and promoting a miR-34a-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Ji
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Yin
- Department of ultrasound, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Adinolfi E, De Marchi E, Orioli E, Pegoraro A, Di Virgilio F. Role of the P2X7 receptor in tumor-associated inflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:59-64. [PMID: 30921559 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is constantly associated to cancer. Malignant tumors often develop at sites of chronic inflammation, and inflammation promotes tumor progression. But, at the same time, inflammation is crucial for anti-tumor immune response. Many factors are responsible for this 'Dr Jekyll/Mr Hyde' roles of inflammation, among which one that is attracting increasing attention is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). This receptor is expressed by most malignant tumors and widely diffused in innate and adaptive immune cells, where it supports proliferation, chemotaxis, growth factor, and cytokine release. P2X7R-targeting may offer novel avenues for anti-cancer therapeutic intervention, but might also impair host anti-tumor responses. This short review highlights recent findings on the dual role of the P2X7R in cancer-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite its morbidity, metastasis is an inefficient process that few cells can survive. However, cancer cells can overcome these metastatic barriers via cellular responses to microenvironmental cues, such as through mechanotransduction. This review focuses on the mechanosensitive ion channels TRPV4 and P2X7, and their roles in metastasis, as both channels have been shown to significantly affect tumor cell dissemination. Upon activation, these channels help form tumor neovasculature, promote transendothelial migration, and increase cell motility. Conversely, they have also been linked to forms of cancer cell death dependent upon levels of activation, implying the complex functionality of mechanosensitive ion channels. Understanding the roles of TRPV4, P2X7 and other mechanosensitive ion channels in these processes may reveal new possible drug targets that modify channel function to reduce a tumor's metastatic potential.
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Khalid M, Manzoor S, Ahmad H, Asif A, Bangash TA, Latif A, Jaleel S. Purinoceptor expression in hepatocellular virus (HCV)-induced and non-HCV hepatocellular carcinoma: an insight into the proviral role of the P2X4 receptor. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2625-2630. [PMID: 30343397 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The basic idea behind this study was to discover the association and prevalence of purinoceptors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) and non-HCV hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors on ex-planted liver tissue samples that were collected from HCC patients. Antibodies specific for the P2X4 and P2X7 receptors were used to target the specific receptors and secondary antibody was used with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) detection system to visualize the color change in case of any positive expression There was a substantial increase in P2X4 receptor expression in HCV induced HCC as compared to non-HCV HCC. Surprisingly, there was no increase in the P2X7 receptor expression in both HCV HCC and non-HCV HCC. We conclude that P2X4 receptor expression was significant in the presence of HCV HCC. This may confirms the potential role of P2X4 receptor in the presence of virus in liver pathology. However insignificant expression of P2X7 receptor may avert our attention towards understanding the role of this receptor in pro-inflammatory and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hassam Ahmad
- HepatopancreatoBiliary Liver Transplant Unit, Shaikh Zayd Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Arun Asif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ali Bangash
- HepatopancreatoBiliary Liver Transplant Unit, Shaikh Zayd Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amer Latif
- HepatopancreatoBiliary Liver Transplant Unit, Shaikh Zayd Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahla Jaleel
- Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayd Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Di Virgilio F, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, De Marchi E, Adinolfi E. Extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:601-618. [PMID: 30006588 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most tumours, a condition that makes antitumour immunity ineffective. One of the most potent immunosuppressive factors is adenosine, which is generated in the tumour microenvironment owing to degradation of extracellular ATP. Accruing evidence over the past few years shows that ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumour microenvironment, where it acts at P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumour and host cells. Stimulation of P2 receptors has different effects depending on the extracellular ATP concentration, the P2 receptor subtype engaged and the target cell type. Among P2 receptors, the P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R) subtype appears to be a main player in host-tumour cell interactions. Preclinical studies in several tumour models have shown that P2X7R targeting is potentially a very effective anticancer treatment, and many pharmaceutical companies have now developed potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of P2X7R. In this Review, we report on the multiple mechanisms by which extracellular ATP shapes the tumour microenvironment and how its stimulation of host and tumour cell P2 receptors contributes to determining tumour fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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56
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Alves LA, Ferreira LB, Pacheco PF, Mendivelso EAC, Teixeira PCN, Faria RX. Pore forming channels as a drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy in cancer associated with nanoscintillators. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25342-25354. [PMID: 29861876 PMCID: PMC5982756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of main causes of death worldwide, with 8.2 million people dying from this disease in 2012. Because of this, new forms of treatments or improvement of current treatments are crucial. In this regard, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to successfully treat cancers that can be easily accessed externally or by fibre-optic endoscopes, such as skin, bladder and esophagus cancers. In addition, this therapy can used alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in order to kill cancer cells. The main problem in implementing PDT is penetration of visible light deeper than 10 mm in tissues, due to scattering and absorption by tissue chromophores. Unfortunately, this excludes several internal organs affected by cancer. Another issue in this regard is the use of a selective cancer cell-photosensitizing compound. Nevertheless, several groups have recently developed scintillation nanoparticles, which can be stimulated by X-rays, thereby making this a possible solution for light production in deeper tissues. Alternative approaches have also been developed, such as photosensitizer structure modifications and cell membrane permeabilizing agents. In this context, certain channels lead to transitory plasma membrane permeability changes, such as pannexin, connexin hemmichannels, TRPV1-4 and P2×7, which allow for the non-selective passage of molecules up to 1,000 Da. Herein, we discuss the particular case of the P2×7 receptor-associated pore as a drug delivery system for hydrophilic substances to be applied in PDT, which could also be carried out with other channels. Methylene blue (MB) is a low cost dye used as a prototype photosensitizer, approved for clinical use in several other clinical conditions, as well as photodynamic therapy for fungi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratório de Comunicação Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Braga Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Paulo Furtado Pacheco
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Celso Nogueira Teixeira
- Laboratório de Comunicação Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Drug Delivery System for Emodin Based on Mesoporous Silica SBA-15. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050322. [PMID: 29757198 PMCID: PMC5977336 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study mesoporous silica SBA-15 was evaluated as a vehicle for the transport of cytotoxic natural product emodin (EO). SBA-15 was loaded with different quantities of EO (SBA-15|EO1–SBA-15|EO5: 8–36%) and characterized by traditional methods. Several parameters (stabilities) and the in vitro behavior on tumor cell lines (melanoma A375, B16 and B16F10) were investigated. SBA-15 suppresses EO release in extremely acidic milieu, pointing out that EO will not be discharged in the stomach. Furthermore, SBA-15 protects EO from photodecomposition. In vitro studies showed a dose dependent decrease of cellular viability which is directly correlated with an increasing amount of EO in SBA-15 for up to 27% of EO, while a constant activity for 32% and 36% of EO in SBA-15 was observed. Additionally, SBA-15 loaded with EO (SBA-15|EO3) does not disturb viability of peritoneal macrophages. SBA-15|EO3 causes inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis, connected with caspase activation, upregulation of Bax, as well as Bcl-2 and Bim downregulation along with amplification of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) cleavage fragment. Thus, the mesoporous SBA-15 is a promising carrier of the water-insoluble drug emodin.
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58
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The therapeutic potential of purinergic signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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59
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Khalid M, Brisson L, Tariq M, Hao Y, Guibon R, Fromont G, Mortadza SAS, Mousawi F, Manzoor S, Roger S, Jiang LH. Carcinoma-specific expression of P2Y11 receptor and its contribution in ATP-induced purinergic signalling and cell migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37278-37290. [PMID: 28418839 PMCID: PMC5514908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling is critical in regulating diverse physiological and disease processes. Emerging evidence suggests high concentrations of extracellular ATP in tumour tissues. In this study, we examined the P2 receptor for ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Fura-2-based measurements of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) showed that extracellular ATP induced an increase in the [Ca2+]i in human HCC Huh-7 and HepG2 cells. NF546, a P2Y11 receptor agonist was equally effective in inducing an increase in the [Ca2+]i. In contrast, agonists for the P2X receptors (αβmeATP and BzATP), P2Y1 receptor (MRS2365) or P2Y2 receptor (MRS2768) were ineffective. In addition, ATP/NF546-induced increases in the [Ca2+]i were strongly inhibited by treatment with NF340, a P2Y11 receptor antagonist. Immunofluorescent confocal imaging and western blotting analysis consistently demonstrated the P2Y11 receptor expression in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells. Transfection with P2Y11-specific siRNA attenuated the P2Y11 receptor protein expression level and also reduced NF546-induced increase in the [Ca2+]i. Importantly, immunohistochemistry revealed that the P2Y11 receptor was expressed at very high level in human HCC tissues and, by contrast, it was barely detected in normal liver tissues. Trans-well cell migration assay demonstrated that ATP and NF546 induced concentration-dependent stimulation of Huh-7 cell migration. Treatment with NF340 prevented ATP-induced stimulation of cell migration. Taken together, our results show carcinoma-specific expression of the P2Y11 receptor and its critical role in mediating ATP-inducing Ca2+ signalling and regulating cell migration in human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Menahil Tariq
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yunjie Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Fatema Mousawi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
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60
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:1-18. [PMID: 29164451 PMCID: PMC5842154 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular C terminus. Low concentrations of ATP open cation channels sometimes leading to cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations of ATP open large pores that release inflammatory cytokines and can lead to apoptotic cell death. Since many diseases involve inflammation and immune responses, and the P2X7R regulates inflammation, there has been recent interest in the pathophysiological roles of P2X7R and the potential of P2X7R antagonists to treat a variety of diseases. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and a number of diseases of peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, airways, kidney, liver, bladder, skin and musculoskeletal. The potential of P2X7R drugs to treat tumour progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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Tajbakhsh A, Pasdar A, Rezaee M, Fazeli M, Soleimanpour S, Hassanian SM, FarshchiyanYazdi Z, Younesi Rad T, Ferns GA, Avan A. The current status and perspectives regarding the clinical implication of intracellular calcium in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5623-5641. [PMID: 29150934 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+ ) act as second messengers in intracellular signaling. Ca2+ pumps, channels, sensors, and calcium binding proteins, regulate the concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ as a key regulator of important cellular processes such as gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metastasis, and hormone secretion. Intracellular Ca2+ also influences the functions of several organelles, that include: the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the Golgi, and cell membrane both in normal and breast cancer cells. In breast cancer, the disruption of intracellular: Ca2+ homeostasis may cause tumor progression by affecting key factors/pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), calmodulin (CaM), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), calpain, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), estrogen, and estrogen receptor. Because the foregoing molecules play crucial roles in breast cancer, the factors/pathways influencing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are putative targets for cancer treatment, using drugs such as Mephebrindole, Tilapia piscidin 4, Nifetepimine, Paricalcitol, and Prednisolone. We have explored the factors/pathways which are related to breast cancer and Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling in this review, and also discussed their potential as biomarkers for breast cancer staging, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazeli
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra FarshchiyanYazdi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tayebe Younesi Rad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gambade A, Zreika S, Guéguinou M, Chourpa I, Fromont G, Bouchet AM, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Potier-Cartereau M, Roger S, Aucagne V, Chevalier S, Vandier C, Goupille C, Weber G. Activation of TRPV2 and BKCa channels by the LL-37 enantiomers stimulates calcium entry and migration of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23785-800. [PMID: 26993604 PMCID: PMC5029663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the antimicrobial peptide hCAP18/LL-37 is associated to malignancy in various cancer forms, stimulating cell migration and metastasis. We report that LL-37 induces migration of three cancer cell lines by activating the TRPV2 calcium-permeable channel and recruiting it to pseudopodia through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Ca2+ entry through TRPV2 cooperated with a K+ efflux through the BKCa channel. In a panel of human breast tumors, the expression of TRPV2 and LL-37 was found to be positively correlated. The D-enantiomer of LL-37 showed identical effects as the L-peptide, suggesting that no binding to a specific receptor was involved. LL-37 attached to caveolae and pseudopodia membranes and decreased membrane fluidity, suggesting that a modification of the physical properties of the lipid membrane bilayer was the underlying mechanism of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gambade
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Sami Zreika
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Jinan University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maxime Guéguinou
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Ion Channel Network Canceropole Grand Ouest, Nantes, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Ion Channel Network Canceropole Grand Ouest, Nantes, France.,CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Ana Maria Bouchet
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Ion Channel Network Canceropole Grand Ouest, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Ion Channel Network Canceropole Grand Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | | | - Christophe Vandier
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Ion Channel Network Canceropole Grand Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Günther Weber
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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64
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Qiu Y, Liu Y, Li WH, Zhang HQ, Tian XX, Fang WG. P2Y2 receptor promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via EMT-related genes Snail and E-cadherin. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:138-150. [PMID: 29115551 PMCID: PMC5783596 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most abundant biochemical constituents within the tumor microenvironment and is postulated to play critical roles in the progression of a number of types of tumors via interaction with the P2Y2 receptor. In the present study, we demonstrated that the P2Y2 receptor was highly expressed in MCF7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. Downregulation of the P2Y2 receptor by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly attenuated ATP- or UTP-driven migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells as well as expression of EMT-related genes Snail and E-cadherin. Consistent with the observations in vitro, the P2Y2 receptor was found to be abundantly expressed at the invasive edge of the tumor, in infiltrating tumor cells in breast adipose tissues and/or the cancer embolus in the lymphatic sinuses compared with the tumor core areas. Furthermore, high Snail expression and weak or negative expression of E-cadherin were observed at the invasive edge of tumors. Taken together, these data indicate that the P2Y2 receptor promoted cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells via EMT-related genes Snail and E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xia Tian
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Gang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Tapeinou A, Giannopoulou E, Simal C, Hansen BE, Kalofonos H, Apostolopoulos V, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Tselios T. Design, synthesis and evaluation of an anthraquinone derivative conjugated to myelin basic protein immunodominant (MBP 85-99) epitope: Towards selective immunosuppression. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:621-631. [PMID: 29216561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone type compounds, especially di-substituted amino alkylamino anthraquinones have been widely studied as immunosuppressants. The anthraquinone ring is part of mitoxandrone that has been used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and several types of tumors. A desired approach for the treatment of MS would be the immunosuppression and elimination of specific T cells that are responsible for the induction of the disease. Herein, the development of a peptide compound bearing an anthraquinone derivative with the potential to specifically destroy the encephalitogenic T cells responsible for the onset of MS is described. The compound consists of the myelin basic protein (MBP) 85-99 immunodominant epitope (MBP85-99) coupled to an anthraquinone type molecule (AQ) via a disulfide (S-S) and 6 amino hexanoic acid (Ahx) residues (AQ-S-S-(Ahx)6MBP85-99). AQ-S-S-(Ahx)6MBP85-99 could bind to HLA II DRB1*-1501 antigen with reasonable affinity (IC50 of 56 nM) The compound was localized to the nucleus of Jurkat cells (an immortalized line of human T lymphocytes) 10 min after its addition to the medium and resulted in lowered Bcl-2 levels (apoptosis). Entrance of the compound was abolished when cells were pre-treated with cisplatin, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase. Accordingly, levels of free thiols were elevated in the culture supernatants of Jurkat cells exposed to N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate coupled to (Ahx)6MBP85-99 via a disulphide (SPDP-S-S-(Ahx)6MBP85-99) but returned to normal after exposure to cisplatin. These results raise the possibility of AQ-S-S-(Ahx)6MBP85-99 being used as an eliminator of encephalitogenic T cells via implication of the thioredoxin system for the generation of the toxic, thiol-containing moiety (AQ-SH). Future experiments would ideally determine whether SPDP-S-S-(Ahx)6MBP85-99 could incorporate into HLA II DRB1*-1501 tetramers and neutralize encephalitogenic T cell lines sensitized to MBP85-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Tapeinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, GR-26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Carmen Simal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Bjarke E Hansen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haralabos Kalofonos
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, GR-26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Theodore Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Rion, Greece.
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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Xu S, Yang G, Feng F. Investigation of Distinction Chemical Markers for Rhubarb Authentication Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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68
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Emodin suppresses the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting the chloride channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:615-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Jiang LH, Mousawi F, Yang X, Roger S. ATP-induced Ca 2+-signalling mechanisms in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3697-3710. [PMID: 28534085 PMCID: PMC5597679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to migrate to the destined tissues or lesions is crucial for physiological processes from tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and immune responses, and also for stem cell-based regenerative medicines. Cytosolic Ca2+ is a primary second messenger in the control and regulation of a wide range of cell functions including cell migration. Extracellular ATP, together with the cognate receptors on the cell surface, ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors and a subset of G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors, represents common autocrine and/or paracrine Ca2+ signalling mechanisms. The P2X receptor ion channels mediate extracellular Ca2+ influx, whereas stimulation of the P2Y receptors triggers intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and activation of both type of receptors thus can elevate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), albeit with different kinetics and capacity. Reduction in the ER Ca2+ level following the P2Y receptor activation can further induce store-operated Ca2+ entry as a distinct Ca2+ influx pathway that contributes in ATP-induced increase in the [Ca2+]c. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a group of multipotent stem cells that grow from adult tissues and hold promising applications in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies treating a great and diverse number of diseases. There is increasing evidence to show constitutive or evoked ATP release from stem cells themselves or mature cells in the close vicinity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms for ATP release and clearance, the receptors and ion channels participating in ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling and the roles of such signalling mechanisms in mediating ATP-induced regulation of MSC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032, Tours, France.
| | - Fatema Mousawi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, WTBB, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Sėbastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
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70
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Santos AA, Cappellari AR, de Marchi FO, Gehring MP, Zaparte A, Brandão CA, Lopes TG, da Silva VD, Pinto LFR, Savio LEB, Moreira-Souza ACA, Coutinho-Silva R, Paccez JD, Zerbini LF, Morrone FB. Potential role of P2X7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:279-292. [PMID: 28397110 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor and is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. ATP is well known to regulate cancer progression in a variety of models by different mechanisms, including P2X7R activation. This study aimed to evaluate the role of P2X7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation. Our results show that treatment with high ATP concentrations induced a decrease in cell number, cell viability, number of polyclonal colonies, and reduced migration of ESCC. The treatment with the selective P2X7R antagonist A740003 or siRNA for P2X7 reverted this effect in the KYSE450 cell line. In addition, results showed that P2X7R is highly expressed, at mRNA and protein levels, in KYSE450 lineage. Additionally, KYSE450, KYSE30, and OE21 cells express P2X3R, P2X4R, P2X5R, P2X6R, and P2X7R genes. P2X1R is expressed by KYSE30 and KYSE450, and only KYSE450 expresses the P2X2R gene. Furthermore, esophageal cancer cell line KYSE450 presented higher expression of E-NTPDases 1 and 2 and of Ecto-5'-NT/CD73 when compared to normal cells. This cell line also exhibits ATPase, ADPase, and AMPase activity, although in different levels, and the co-treatment of apyrase was able to revert the antiproliferative effects of ATP. Moreover, results showed high immunostaining for P2X7R in biopsies of patients with esophageal carcinoma, indicating the involvement of this receptor in the growth of this type of cancer. The results suggest that P2X7R may be a potential pharmacological target to treat ESCC and can lead us to further investigate the effect of this receptor in cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angélica R Cappellari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O de Marchi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina P Gehring
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Brandão
- Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Giuliani Lopes
- Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vinicius D da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliano D Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cancer Genomics Group, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cancer Genomics Group, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernanda B Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Santos KF, Gutierres JM, Pillat MM, Rissi VB, Santos Araújo MDCD, Bertol G, Gonçalves PBD, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Uncaria tomentosa extract alters the catabolism of adenine nucleotides and expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and P2X7 and A1 receptors in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:108-116. [PMID: 27590731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiaceae) (Ut), also known as cat's claw, is a woody liana widely spread throughout the Amazon rainforest of Central and South America, containing many chemical constituents such as oxindole alkaloids, which are responsible for various biological activities. Since ancient times, the indigenous people of Peru have used it as a bark infusion for the treatment of a wide range of health problems gastric ulcers, arthritis and rheumatism. Recently, Ut is distributed worldwide and used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory herbal remedy. Additionally, U. tomentosa also has antitumural activity. However, little is known about the action of U. tomentosa on the purinergic system mechanisms, which is involved in tumor progression. AIM OF THE STUDY Considering the pharmacological properties of U. tomentosa, we sought to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract U tomentosa is able to influence the purinergic system in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Through the activity and expression of ectonucleotidases (NTPDase - CD39; Ecto-5'-nucleotidase - CD73) and purinergic repceptores (P2X7 and A1). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroalcoholic extract was prepared in two concentrations, 250 and 500μg/mL. (Ut250; Ut500). The effect of these concentrations on the activity and expression of ectonucleotidases, as well as on the density of purinergic receptors were investigated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with the hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa and/or doxorubicin (Doxo 1μM; Ut250+Doxo; Ut500+Doxo) for 24h. RESULTS Although the results were not significant for the hydrolysis of the ATP, they presented an increase in the ADP hydrolysis in the Ut500+Doxo group when compared to the control group. Additionally, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase was inhibited in all groups when compared with the untreated group of cells. Inhibition of the enzyme was more evident in groups with U. tomentosa per se. The expression of CD39 was increased in the Ut250 and Ut250+Doxo groups when compared to the control group. No changes were found in the CD73 expression. Furthermore, a reduction in the density of the P2X7 receptor in all treated groups was detected. On the other hand, the density of the A1 receptor increased in all groups compared to the control group, with the exception of the Ut500+Doxo group. CONCLUSION Therefore, we conclude that hydroalcoholic extract of U. tomentosa may be responsible for the reduction of adenosine levels in the extracellular medium, which accelerates tumor progression. Interestingly, the dysregulation of A1 and P2X7 receptors in the MDA-MB-231 cells exacerbate the proliferation of this cells and U. tomentosa treatment may be stimulate the antitumor activity of adenosine A1 receptor and control the P2X7 effects. Our study demonstrates the significant participation of purinergic pathway in the regulation of MDA-MB-231 progression; additionally, U. tomentosa treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy may favor the action of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Freitas Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Regional Integrada University (URI), CEP 984000-000 Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Braga Rissi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 97, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 97, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a unique subtype among the family of seven purinergic P2X receptors, which are ATP-gated non-selective cation channels. P2X7R has been reported to have pathological roles in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, mood disorders and cancers. Therefore, many pharmaceutical companies have endeavored to develop a clinical candidate targeting P2X7R. Areas covered: This review provides a summary of various patents on chemicals and biologics and their clinical use published between 2010 and 2015. The reader will gain information on structural claims, representative structures and biological activities of recently developed P2X7R antagonists. Expert opinion: P2X7R is a fascinating therapeutic target and potential biomarker for inflammation, pain disorders and cancers. Research on the development of P2X7R antagonists has continually increased despite the failure of AstraZeneca and Merck's compounds in phase II clinical trials. Various scaffolds have been disclosed by several pharmaceutical industries, and some compounds are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- a School of Life Sciences , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,b New Drug Development Center (NDDC) , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- a School of Life Sciences , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
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Purinergic signalling in autoimmunity: A role for the P2X7R in systemic lupus erythematosus? Biomed J 2016; 39:326-338. [PMID: 27884379 PMCID: PMC6138817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling plays a crucial role in immunity and autoimmunity. Among purinergic receptors, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has an undisputed role as it is expressed to high level by immune cells, triggers cytokine release and modulates immune cell differentiation. In this review, we focus on evidence supporting a possible role of the P2X7R in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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74
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Monisha BA, Kumar N, Tiku AB. Emodin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:47-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Giannuzzo A, Saccomano M, Napp J, Ellegaard M, Alves F, Novak I. Targeting of the P2X7 receptor in pancreatic cancer and stellate cells. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2540-52. [PMID: 27513892 PMCID: PMC5095874 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ATP‐gated receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) is involved in regulation of cell survival and has been of interest in cancer field. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer and new markers and therapeutic targets are needed. PDAC is characterized by a complex tumour microenvironment, which includes cancer and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and potentially high nucleotide/side turnover. Our aim was to determine P2X7R expression and function in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro as well as to perform in vivo efficacy study applying P2X7R inhibitor in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of PDAC. In the in vitro studies we show that human PDAC cells with luciferase gene (PancTu‐1 Luc cells) express high levels of P2X7R protein. Allosteric P2X7R antagonist AZ10606120 inhibited cell proliferation in basal conditions, indicating that P2X7R was tonically active. Extracellular ATP and BzATP, to which the P2X7R is more sensitive, further affected cell survival and confirmed complex functionality of P2X7R. PancTu‐1 Luc migration and invasion was reduced by AZ10606120, and it was stimulated by PSCs, but not by PSCs from P2X7‐/‐ animals. PancTu‐1 Luc cells were orthotopically transplanted into nude mice and tumour growth was followed noninvasively by bioluminescence imaging. AZ10606120‐treated mice showed reduced bioluminescence compared to saline‐treated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed P2X7R expression in cancer and PSC cells, and in metaplastic/neoplastic acinar and duct structures. PSCs number/activity and collagen deposition was reduced in AZ10606120‐treated tumours. What's new? Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most difficult types of cancer to detect and treat, challenges that could be overcome through the discovery and development of novel markers and therapeutic strategies. Here, the P2X7 receptor, which regulates cell survival, is shown to also support cell proliferation, migration and invasion in human P2X7R‐expressing PDAC cells. Treatment of orthotopic PDAC tumor‐bearing mice with the P2X7R‐specific inhibitor, AZ10606120, resulted in decreased tumor bioluminescence and reductions in pancreatic stellate cells and collagen deposition. Targeting of P2X7R warrants further investigation as a promising therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giannuzzo
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, August Krogh Building, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mara Saccomano
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Joanna Napp
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany.,Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Maria Ellegaard
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany.,Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, August Krogh Building, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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76
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Dong X, Fu J, Yin X, Cao S, Li X, Lin L, Ni J. Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1207-18. [PMID: 27188216 PMCID: PMC7168079 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that occurs in many widely used Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years and is still present in various herbal preparations. Emerging evidence indicates that emodin possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, emodin could also lead to hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity and reproductive toxicity, particularly in high doses and with long-term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that emodin has poor oral bioavailability in rats because of its extensive glucuronidation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Jing Fu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Sali Cao
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Xuechun Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
| | - Huyiligeqi
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
- Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia University for NationalitiesTongliao028000PR China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100102PR China
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77
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Zhu T, Liu X, Wang X, Cao G, Qin K, Pei K, Zhu H, Cai H, Niu M, Cai B. Profiling and analysis of multiple compounds in rhubarb decoction after processing by wine steaming using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with multiple statistical strategies. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3081-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- School of Pharmacy; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Kunming Qin
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
| | - Ke Pei
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
| | - Minjie Niu
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing PR China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing PR China
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78
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Pharmacological targeting of ion channels for cancer therapy: In vivo evidences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1385-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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79
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Malik EM, Müller CE. Anthraquinones As Pharmacological Tools and Drugs. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:705-48. [PMID: 27111664 DOI: 10.1002/med.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinones (9,10-dioxoanthracenes) constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications. Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, biologically active anthraquinones derived from Reactive Blue 2 have been utilized as valuable tool compounds for biochemical and pharmacological studies. They may serve as lead structures for the development of future drugs. However, the presence of the quinone moiety in the structure of anthraquinones raises safety concerns, and anthraquinone laxatives have therefore been under critical reassessment. This review article provides an overview of the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of anthraquinones focusing on their application as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
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80
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Peng H, Hao Y, Mousawi F, Roger S, Li J, Sim JA, Ponnambalam S, Yang X, Jiang LH. Purinergic and Store-Operated Ca(2+) Signaling Mechanisms in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Roles in ATP-Induced Stimulation of Cell Migration. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2102-14. [PMID: 27038239 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP is an extrinsic signal that can induce an increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) level ([Ca(2+) ]c ) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the cognate intrinsic mechanisms underlying ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling in MSCs is still contentious, and their importance in MSC migration remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling and their roles in the regulation of cell migration in human dental pulp MSCs (hDP-MSCs). RT-PCR analysis of mRNA transcripts and interrogation of agonist-induced increases in the [Ca(2+) ]c support that P2X7, P2Y1 , and P2Y11 receptors participate in ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling. In addition, following P2Y receptor activation, Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) Orai1/Stim1 channel as a downstream mechanism also plays a significant role in ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling. ATP concentration-dependently stimulates hDP-MSC migration. Pharmacological and genetic interventions of the expression or function of the P2X7, P2Y1 and P2Y11 receptors, and Orai1/Stim1 channel support critical involvement of these Ca(2+) signaling mechanisms in ATP-induced stimulation of hDP-MSC migration. Taken together, this study provide evidence to show that purinergic P2X7, P2Y1 , and P2Y11 receptors and store-operated Orai1/Stim1 channel represent important molecular mechanisms responsible for ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling in hDP-MSCs and activation of these mechanisms stimulates hDP-MSC migration. Such information is useful in building a mechanistic understanding of MSC homing in tissue homeostasis and developing more efficient MSC-based therapeutic applications. Stem Cells 2016;34:2102-2114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Peng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yunjie Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fatema Mousawi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jing Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joan A Sim
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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81
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De Marchi E, Orioli E, Dal Ben D, Adinolfi E. P2X7 Receptor as a Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:39-79. [PMID: 27038372 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel that upon agonist interaction leads to cellular influx of Na(+) and Ca(2+) and efflux of K(+). P2X7 is expressed by a wide variety of cells and its activation mediates a large number of biological processes like inflammation, neuromodulation, cell death or cell proliferation and it has been associated to related pathological conditions including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders and, in the last years, to cancer. This chapter describes structural features of P2X7, chemical properties of its agonist, antagonist, and allosteric modulators and summarizes recent advances on P2X7 receptor as therapeutic target in the aforementioned diseases. We also give an overview on recent literature suggesting that P2X7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms could be exploited as diagnostic biomarkers for the development of tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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82
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Wang M, Hu G, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Influence of wine-processing on the pharmacokinetics of anthraquinone aglycones and glycosides from rhubarb in hyperlipidemic hamsters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the influence of wine-processing on pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones from rhubarb in hyperlipidemic hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
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83
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Schmid S, Kübler M, Korcan Ayata C, Lazar Z, Haager B, Hoßfeld M, Meyer A, Cicko S, Elze M, Wiesemann S, Zissel G, Passlick B, Idzko M. Altered purinergic signaling in the tumor associated immunologic microenvironment in metastasized non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:516-21. [PMID: 26505137 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purines are well-known as intracellular sources for energy but they also act as extracellular signaling molecules. In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling for cancer treatment. This is the first study to analyze lung purine levels and purinergic receptors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective clinical trial we enrolled 26 patients with NSCLC and 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without signs of malignancy. The purine concentrations were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using fluorescent/luminescent assays. Expression of purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases were analyzed using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Patients with NSCLC have significantly lower ATP and ADP concentrations in BALF than patients with COPD (p=0.006 and p=0.009). Expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39 is significantly higher in BAL cells from cancer patients compared to COPD (p=0.001) as well as in metastasized tumors compared to non-metastasized tumors (p=0.009). Receptor-analysis revealed a higher expression of P2X4 (p=0.03), P2X7 (p=0.001) and P2Y1 (p=0.003) in BAL cells of tumors with distant metastasis. CONCLUSION Our data suggests a role for CD39 in lung cancer tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor invasiveness and metastasization. Potentially the increased degradation of ATP and ADP leads to a subversion of their anti-neoplastic effects. Furthermore P2Y1, P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are upregulated in BAL cells in metastatic disease. Our findings might facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Schmid
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Kübler
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Korcan Ayata
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pneumology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benedikt Haager
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Hoßfeld
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Meyer
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Cicko
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Elze
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiesemann
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Zissel
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernward Passlick
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Idzko
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg, Germany
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84
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Liu Y, Li L, Xiao YQ, Yao JQ, Li PY, Yu DR, Ma YL. Global metabolite profiling and diagnostic ion filtering strategy by LC-QTOF MS for rapid identification of raw and processed pieces of Rheum palmatum L. Food Chem 2015; 192:531-40. [PMID: 26304381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to its variety of functions, rhubarb has been used for thousands of years in many countries. It is commonly used after processing. Processing usually affect the chemical profile and the contents of active compounds in herbals, leading to changes of their bioactivities. Here, an approach of metabolite profiling and diagnostic ion filtering strategy with liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was established for rapid identification of raw and processed pieces of Rheum palmatum L. (RPL). The comprehensive and unbiased information of 30 batches of RPL covering raw and two general processing methods were given by metabolomic profiles. Using molecular feature extraction algorithm, non-targeted compounds were analyzed in minutes. In total, 73 characteristic markers were extracted and identified by diagnostic ion filtering. They have been further analyzed by partial least squares-support vector machine-based pattern recognition. The comprehensive and rapid method for raw and processed pieces of RPL classification shows good sensitivity, specificity and prediction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong-Qing Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ding-Rong Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yin-Lian Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiao Lane, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
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85
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Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase expression by emodin through crosstalk of AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling and reciprocal interplay of Sp1 and c-Jun. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1469-77. [PMID: 25889897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the anti-cancer effect of emodin observed in several cancers, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that emodin-inhibited NSCLC cell growth and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα and ERK1/2. In addition, emodin-inhibited ILK protein expression. The overexpression of ILK reversed the effect of emodin on cell growth inhibition. Furthermore, the blockade of AMPK by compound C abrogated, while metformin, an activator of AMPK, strengthened the effect of emodin on the inhibition of ILK expression. Interestingly, the inhibitor of MAPK extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK1/2 (PD98059) attenuated emodin-induced phosphorylation of AMPKα. Moreover, emodin reduced the protein expression of Sp1 and AP-1 subunit c-Jun. Exogenous expression of Sp1 and c-Jun diminished emodin-reduced ILK protein expression. Emodin suppressed ILK promoter activity, which was not observed in cells overexpression of Sp1 and treated with compound C. Intriguingly, exogenous expression of c-Jun overcame the emodin-inhibited Sp1 protein expression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that emodin inhibits ILK expression through AMPKα-mediated reduction of Sp1 and c-Jun. Metformin enhances the effects of emodin. Exogenous expression of Sp1 and c-Jun resists emodin-inhibited ILK promoter activity and protein expression. In addition, the overexpression of c-Jun diminishes emodin-induced AMPKα signaling. Thus, the crosstalk of AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling and the reciprocal interaction between Sp1 and c-Jun proteins contribute to the overall responses of emodin. This novel signaling axis may be a therapeutic potential for prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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86
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Jindrichova M, Bhattacharya A, Rupert M, Skopek P, Obsil T, Zemkova H. Functional characterization of mutants in the transmembrane domains of the rat P2X7 receptor that regulate pore conductivity and agonist sensitivity. J Neurochem 2015; 133:815-27. [PMID: 25712548 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the sustained presence of agonist, the opening of P2X7R channel is followed by pore dilatation, which causes an increase in its permeability to larger organic cations, accompanied by receptor sensitization. To explore the molecular mechanisms by which the conductivity and sensitivity are increased, we analyzed the electrophysiological properties and YO-PRO-1 uptake of selected alanine mutants in the first and second transmembrane domains of the rat P2X7R. Substitution of residues Y40, F43, G338, and D352 with alanine reduced membrane trafficking, and the D352A was practically non-functional. The Y40A and F43A mutants that were expressed in the membrane lacked pore dilation ability. Moreover, the Y40A and Y40F displayed desensitization, whereas the Y40W partially recovered receptor function. The G338A/S mutations favored the open state of the channel and displayed instantaneous permeability to larger organic cations. The G338P was non-functional. The L341A and G345A displayed normal trafficking, current amplitude, and sensitization, but both mutations resulted in a decreased pore formation and dye uptake. These results showed that the increase in P2X7R conductivity and sensitivity is critically dependent on residues Y40 and F43 in the TM1 domain and that the region located at the intersection of TM2 helices controls the rate of large pore opening. We investigated the mechanism of the proapoptotic receptor P2X7R's large pore opening and its sensitization. We found that aromatic residues in the upper part of the first transmembrane domain (TM1) are critical for both the P2X7R channel pore opening and receptor sensitization, and residues located at or below the intersection of the second transmembrane domains (TM2) control the rate of pore opening. These findings identify new residues involved in pore formation of P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jindrichova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anirban Bhattacharya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Rupert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skopek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Zemkova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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87
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Bartlett R, Stokes L, Sluyter R. The P2X7 receptor channel: recent developments and the use of P2X7 antagonists in models of disease. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:638-75. [PMID: 24928329 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ATP-gated cation channel found predominantly, but not exclusively, on immune cells. P2X7 activation results in a number of downstream events, including the release of proinflammatory mediators and cell death and proliferation. As such, P2X7 plays important roles in various inflammatory, immune, neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders. This review focuses on the use of P2X7 antagonists in rodent models of neurologic disease and injury, inflammation, and musculoskeletal and other disorders. The cloning and characterization of human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, dog, and Rhesus macaque P2X7, as well as recent observations regarding the gating and permeability of P2X7, are discussed. Furthermore, this review discusses polymorphic and splice variants of P2X7, as well as the generation and use of P2X7 knockout mice. Recent evidence for emerging signaling pathways downstream of P2X7 activation and the growing list of negative and positive modulators of P2X7 activation and expression are also described. In addition, the use of P2X7 antagonists in numerous rodent models of disease is extensively summarized. Finally, the use of P2X7 antagonists in clinical trials in humans and future directions exploring P2X7 as a therapeutic target are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Bartlett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., R.S.); and Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (L.S.)
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., R.S.); and Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (L.S.)
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., R.S.); and Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (L.S.)
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88
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Extending in silico mechanism-of-action analysis by annotating targets with pathways: application to cellular cytotoxicity readouts. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:2029-56. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An in silico mechanism-of-action analysis protocol was developed, comprising molecule bioactivity profiling, annotation of predicted targets with pathways and calculation of enrichment factors to highlight targets and pathways more likely to be implicated in the studied phenotype. Results: The method was applied to a cytotoxicity phenotypic endpoint, with enriched targets/pathways found to be statistically significant when compared with 100 random datasets. Application on a smaller apoptotic set (10 molecules) did not allowed to obtain statistically relevant results, suggesting that the protocol requires modification such as analysis of the most frequently predicted targets/annotated pathways. Conclusion: Pathway annotations improved the mechanism-of-action information gained by target prediction alone, allowing a better interpretation of the predictions and providing better mapping of targets onto pathways.
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89
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Franceschini A, Adinolfi E. P2X receptors: New players in cancer pain. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:429-436. [PMID: 25426266 PMCID: PMC4243147 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is unfortunately a quite common symptom for cancer patients. Normally pain starts as an episodic experience at early cancer phases to become chronic in later stages. In order to improve the quality of life of oncological patients, anti-cancer treatments are often accompanied by analgesic therapies. The P2X receptor are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gated ion channels expressed by several cells including neurons, cancer and immune cells. Purinergic signaling through P2X receptors recently emerged as possible common pathway for cancer onset/growth and pain sensitivity. Indeed, tumor microenvironment is rich in extracellular ATP, which has a role in both tumor development and pain sensation. The study of the different mechanisms by which P2X receptors favor cancer progression and relative pain, represents an interesting challenge to design integrated therapeutic strategies for oncological patients. This review summarizes recent findings linking P2X receptors and ATP to cancer growth, progression and related pain. Special attention has been paid to the role of P2X2, P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 in the genesis of cancer pain and to the function of P2X7 in tumor growth and metastasis. Therapeutic implications of the administration of different P2X receptor blockers to alleviate cancer-associated pain sensations contemporarily reducing tumor progression are also discussed.
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90
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Roger S, Jelassi B, Couillin I, Pelegrin P, Besson P, Jiang LH. Understanding the roles of the P2X7 receptor in solid tumour progression and therapeutic perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2584-602. [PMID: 25450340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
P2X7 is an intriguing ionotropic receptor for which the activation by extracellular ATP induces rapid inward cationic currents and intracellular signalling pathways associated with numerous physiological processes such as the induction of the inflammatory cascade, the survival and proliferation of cells. In contrast, long-term stimulation of P2X7 is generally associated with membrane permeabilisation and cell death. Recently, P2X7 has attracted great attention in the cancer field, and particularly in the neoplastic transformation and the progression of solid tumours. A growing number of studies were published; however they often appeared contradictory in their results and conclusions. As such, the involvement of P2X7 in the oncogenic process remains unclear so far. The present review aims to discuss the current knowledge and hypotheses on the involvement of the P2X7 receptor in the development and progression of solid tumours, and highlight the different aspects that require further clarification in order to decipher whether P2X7 could be considered as a cancer biomarker or as a target for pharmacological intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France; Département de Physiologie Animale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Bilel Jelassi
- Inserm UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- UMR CNRS 7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Université d'Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Research Unit, CIBERehd, Clinical University Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Carretera Cartagena-Madrid s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pierre Besson
- Inserm UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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91
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Trophic activity of human P2X7 receptor isoforms A and B in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107224. [PMID: 25226385 PMCID: PMC4165768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is attracting increasing attention for its involvement in cancer. Several recent studies have shown a crucial role of P2X7R in tumour cell growth, angiogenesis and invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the role of the two known human P2X7R functional splice variants, the full length P2X7RA and the truncated P2X7RB, in osteosarcoma cell growth. Immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue array of human osteosarcomas showed that forty-four, of a total fifty-four tumours (81.4%), stained positive for both P2X7RA and B, thirty-one (57.4%) were positive using an anti-P2X7RA antibody, whereas fifteen of the total number (27.7%) expressed only P2X7RB. P2X7RB positive tumours showed increased cell density, at the expense of extracellular matrix. The human osteosarcoma cell line Te85, which lacks endogenous P2X7R expression, was stably transfected with either P2X7RA, P2X7RB, or both. Receptor expression was a powerful stimulus for cell growth, the most efficient growth-promoting isoform being P2X7RB alone. Growth stimulation was matched by increased Ca2+ mobilization and enhanced NFATc1 activity. Te85 P2X7RA+B cells presented pore formation as well as spontaneous extracellular ATP release. The ATP release was sustained in all clones by P2X7R agonist (BzATP) and reduced following P2X7R antagonist (A740003) application. BzATP also increased cell growth and activated NFATc1 levels. On the other hand cyclosporin A (CSA) affected both NFATc1 activation and cell growth, definitively linking P2X7R stimulation to NFATc1 and cell proliferation. All transfected clones also showed reduced RANK-L expression, and an overall decreased RANK-L/OPG ratio. Mineralization was increased in Te85 P2X7RA+B cells while it was significantly diminished in Te85 P2X7RB clones, in agreement with immunohistochemical results. In summary, our data show that the majority of human osteosarcomas express P2X7RA and B and suggest that expression of either isoform is differently coupled to cell growth or activity.
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92
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Adinolfi E. New intriguing roles of ATP and its receptors in promoting tumor metastasis : presented by Maria P. Abbracchio. Purinergic Signal 2014; 9:487-90. [PMID: 24258487 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy,
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93
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An integrated sample pretreatment platform for quantitative N-glycoproteome analysis with combination of on-line glycopeptide enrichment, deglycosylation and dimethyl labeling. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 833:1-8. [PMID: 24909767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Relative quantification of N-glycoproteomes shows great promise for the discovery of candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The traditional protocol for quantitative analysis of glycoproteomes is usually off-line performed, and suffers from long sample preparation time, and the risk of sample loss or contamination due to manual manipulation. In this study, a novel integrated sample preparation platform for quantitative N-glycoproteome analysis was established, with combination of online N-glycopeptide capture by a HILIC column, sample buffer exchange by a N2-assisted HILIC-RPLC interface, deglycosylation by a hydrophilic PNGase F immobilized enzymatic reactor (hIMER) and solid dimethyl labeling on a C18 precolumn. To evaluate the performance of such a platform, two equal aliquots of immunoglobulin G (IgG) digests were sequentially pretreated, followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The signal intensity ratio of heavy/light (H/L) labeled deglycosylated peptides with the equal aliquots was 1.00 (RSD=6.2%, n=3), much better than those obtained by the offline protocol, with H/L ratio as 0.76 (RSD=11.6%, n=3). Additionally, the total on-line sample preparation time was greatly shortened to 160 min, much faster than that of offline approach (24h). Furthermore, such an integrated pretreatment platform was successfully applied to analyze the two kinds of hepatocarcinoma ascites syngeneic cell lines with high (Hca-F) and low (Hca-P) lymph node metastasis rates. For H/L labeled Hca-P lysates with the equal aliquots, 99.6% of log2 ratios (H/L) of quantified glycopeptides ranged from -1 to 1, demonstrating high accuracy of the developed sample preparation strategy. By triplicated analysis of glycopeptides and non-glycopeptides of Hca-F and Hca-P lysates, 43 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated (Hca-F/P) N-glycosylation sites, and 11 significantly changed N-glycoproteins were successfully quantified, and most of them were related to tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. All these results demonstrate the developed integrated N-glycoprotein pretreatment platform is of great power for the accurate, precise and high-throughput analysis of N-glycoproteomes.
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94
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Gao J, Wang F, Wang W, Su Z, Guo C, Cao S. Emodin suppresses hyperglycemia-induced proliferation and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells via inhibiting cFLIP. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93588. [PMID: 24691542 PMCID: PMC3972111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes and a major cause of end stage renal disease, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is calling for effective treatment strategies. Here, we provide evidence that hyperglycemia can induce proliferation and decreasing apoptosis of mesangial cells (MCs) and subsequent renal dysfunction by up-regulating cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP). Treatment with emodin significantly turns down the accelerated cell cycle and proliferation of MCs cultured in high glucose (HG) via inhibiting cFLIP. In vitro, knockdown of cFLIP can arrest cell cycle and accelerate cell death by activating caspase-8, caspase-3 and caspase-9, and down-regulate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Our results also suggest that emodin regulates cFLIP expression in transcriptional level. Importantly, emodin lessens proteinuria and fibronectin expression in early-stage of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. These findings demonstrate that emodin represent a promising strategy to prevent renal dysfunction in early-stage of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Fangli Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Weisong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Canghui Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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95
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Atanasova KR, Yilmaz O. Looking in the Porphyromonas gingivalis cabinet of curiosities: the microbium, the host and cancer association. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:55-66. [PMID: 24506890 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decades of biomedical research have yielded massive evidence for the contribution of the microbiome in the development of a variety of chronic human diseases. There is emerging evidence that Porphyromonas gingivalis, a well-adapted opportunistic pathogen of the oral mucosa and prominent constituent of oral biofilms, best known for its involvement in periodontitis, may be an important mediator in the development of a number of multifactorial and seemingly unrelated chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and orodigestive cancers. Orodigestive cancers represent a large proportion of the total malignancies worldwide, and include cancers of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. For prevention and/or enhanced prognosis of these diseases, a good understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the interaction between P. gingivalis and host is much needed. With this review, we introduce the currently accumulated knowledge on P. gingivalis's plausible association with cancer as a risk modifier, and present the putative cancer-promoting cellular and molecular mechanisms that this organism may influence in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Atanasova
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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96
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Azimi I, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Calcium influx pathways in breast cancer: opportunities for pharmacological intervention. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:945-60. [PMID: 24460676 PMCID: PMC3925034 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) permeable ion channels is a key trigger and regulator of a diverse set of cellular events, such as neurotransmitter release and muscle contraction. Ca(2+) influx is also a regulator of processes relevant to cancer, including cellular proliferation and migration. This review focuses on calcium influx in breast cancer cells as well as the potential for pharmacological modulators of specific Ca(2+) influx channels to represent future agents for breast cancer therapy. Altered expression of specific calcium permeable ion channels is present in some breast cancers. In some cases, such changes can be related to breast cancer subtype and even prognosis. In vitro and in vivo models have now helped identify specific Ca(2+) channels that play important roles in the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. However, some aspects of our understanding of Ca(2+) influx in breast cancer still require further study. These include identifying the mechanisms responsible for altered expression and the most effective therapeutic strategy to target breast cancer cells through specific Ca(2+) channels. The role of Ca(2+) influx in processes beyond breast cancer cell proliferation and migration should become the focus of studies in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Azimi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - G R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Qld, Australia
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97
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Chadet S, Jelassi B, Wannous R, Angoulvant D, Chevalier S, Besson P, Roger S. The activation of P2Y2 receptors increases MCF-7 breast cancer cells migration through the MEK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1238-47. [PMID: 24390819 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is found in high concentrations in the extracellular microenvironment of tumours and is postulated to play critical roles in cancer progression. In the present study, we found that stimulation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells with 30 µM ATP increased their migration by 140 ± 31%, whereas it had minor or no effect on their proliferation. This effect was prevented by the ectonucleotidase apyrase and was antagonized by suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid, consistently with the participation of P2 receptors. MCF-7 cells expressed messenger RNA for all known P2Y receptors and for P2X2, P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 and P2X7 receptors. Brief applications (20 s) of external ATP resulted in a 50 pA P2X-like inward current. ATP, but not adenosine diphosphate or uridine diphosphate, increased the intracellular calcium concentration in absence of extracellular calcium, and this effect was prevented by the inhibition of phospholipase C. Uridine triphosphate (UTP) (10 µM) and 2-thio-UTP (10 µM) increased intracellular calcium concentration and cell migration to the same extent as ATP. The UTP-dependent increase in cell migration was absent in cells knocked-down for P2Y2. It was inhibited by MEK inhibitor PD98059. UTP induced a time-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which was prevented by the incubation with PD98059. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the purinergic signalling in cancer cells and indicate that the activation of P2Y2 receptors enhances breast cancer cells migration through the activation of a MEK-ERK1/2-dependent signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chadet
- UMR Inserm 1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer and EA 4245 Cellules Dendritiques, Immunodulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France and
| | | | | | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA 4245 Cellules Dendritiques, Immunodulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France and
| | | | | | - Sébastien Roger
- UMR Inserm 1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer and Département de Physiologie Animale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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98
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Physiological roles and potential therapeutic applications of the P2X7 receptor in inflammation and pain. Molecules 2013; 18:10953-72. [PMID: 24013409 PMCID: PMC6270334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonselective cation channel that is activated by extracellular ATP and triggers the secretion of several proinflammatory substances, such as IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and nitric oxide. Recently, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that this receptor participates in inflammation and pain mechanisms. Taken together, these results indicate that P2X7R is a promising pharmacological target, and compounds that modulate the function of this receptor show potential as new anti-inflammatory medicines. In this review, we discuss aspects of P2X7R pharmacology and the participation of this protein in inflammation and pain and provide an overview of some promising compounds that have been tested as antagonists of P2X7R, with clinical applicability.
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99
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Jiang LH, Baldwin JM, Roger S, Baldwin SA. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian P2X7 Receptor Functions and Contributions in Diseases, Revealed by Structural Modeling and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:55. [PMID: 23675347 PMCID: PMC3646254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs), a member of the ionotropic P2X receptor family with distinctive functional properties, play an important part in mediating extracellular ATP signaling in health and disease. A clear delineation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the key receptor properties, such as ATP-binding, ion permeation, and large pore formation of the mammalian P2X7Rs, is still lacking, but such knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of their physiological functions and contributions in diseases and for development of therapeutics. The recent breakthroughs in determining the atomic structures of the zebrafish P2X4.1R in the closed and ATP-bound open states have provided the long-awaited structural information. The human P2RX7 gene is abundant with non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (NS-SNPs), which generate a repertoire of human P2X7Rs with point mutations. Characterizations of the NS-SNPs identified in patients of various disease conditions and the resulting mutations have informed previously unknown molecular mechanisms determining the mammalian P2X7R functions and diseases. In this review, we will discuss the new insights into such mechanisms provided by structural modeling and recent functional and genetic linkage studies of NS-SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
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