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Olufunto BO, Anoka NA, Olufunmilayo OM, Lawrence OA. Insulin resistance and depressed cardiac G6PD activity induced by glucocorticoid exposure during pregnancy are attenuated by maternal estrogen-progestin therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103423. [PMID: 32492534 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal combined oral contraceptive (COC) on dams that were exposed to late gestational glucocorticoids (GC). Twenty-four pregnant female rats were randomly allotted into 4 groups of 6 dams each. Dams received COC (combination of 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel p.o.) between 3rd and 11th week after delivery with or without prior exposure to GC (dexamethasone; 0.2 mg/kg p.o.) that was administered between gestational days 14-19. Data showed that late-gestational GC exposure led to insulin resistance (IR), increased cardiac adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and disrupted cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defenses. On the other hand, maternal COC treatment in dams not exposed to gestational GC led to IR, increased cardiac XO, LDH and defective cardiac G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses. However, maternal COC with prior gestational GC exposure led to attenuated IR, cardiac ADA, UA, LDH, and improved cardiac G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses but worsened cardiac triglyceride (TG) accumulation when compared with dam with gestational GC exposure without maternal COC. Taken together, the findings of this study provide evidence that maternal COC treatment improves late gestational GC-programmed effects. This is however accompanied with enhanced cardiac TG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badmus O Olufunto
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Njan A Anoka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ologe M Olufunmilayo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji A Lawrence
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Greenwell AA, Gopal K, Ussher JR. Myocardial Energy Metabolism in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570421. [PMID: 33041869 PMCID: PMC7526697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most metabolically demanding organ in the body, the heart must generate massive amounts of energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the oxidation of fatty acids, carbohydrates and other fuels (e.g., amino acids, ketone bodies), in order to sustain constant contractile function. While the healthy mature heart acts omnivorously and is highly flexible in its ability to utilize the numerous fuel sources delivered to it through its coronary circulation, the heart’s ability to produce ATP from these fuel sources becomes perturbed in numerous cardiovascular disorders. This includes ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction, as well as in various cardiomyopathies that often precede the development of overt heart failure. We herein will provide an overview of myocardial energy metabolism in the healthy heart, while describing the numerous perturbations that take place in various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and the cardiomyopathy associated with the rare genetic disease, Barth Syndrome. Based on preclinical evidence where optimizing myocardial energy metabolism has been shown to attenuate cardiac dysfunction, we will discuss the feasibility of myocardial energetics optimization as an approach to treat the cardiac pathology associated with these various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Greenwell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Puchałowicz K, Rać ME. The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications-Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081877. [PMID: 32796572 PMCID: PMC7465275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a multiligand receptor contributing to glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. A wide range of tissue expression includes cells sensitive to metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM), such as monocytes and macrophages, epithelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, pancreatic β-cells, kidney glomeruli and tubules cells, pericytes and pigment epithelium cells of the retina, and Schwann cells. These features make CD36 an important component of the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, but also a promising target in the treatment of these disorders. The detrimental effects of CD36 signaling are mediated by the uptake of fatty acids and modified lipoproteins, deposition of lipids and their lipotoxicity, alterations in insulin response and the utilization of energy substrates, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis leading to the progressive, often irreversible organ dysfunction. This review summarizes the extensive knowledge of the contribution of CD36 to DM and its complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy.
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Gao Y, Ren Y, Guo YK, Liu X, Xie LJ, Jiang L, Shen MT, Deng MY, Yang ZG. Metabolic syndrome and myocardium steatosis in subclinical type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:70. [PMID: 32471503 PMCID: PMC7260782 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that collectively cause an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the role of myocardial steatosis in T2DM patients with or without MetS, as well as the relationship between subclinical left ventricular (LV) myocardial dysfunction and myocardial steatosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS We recruited 53 T2DM patients and 20 healthy controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination. All T2DM patients were subdivide into two group: MetS group and non-MetS. LV deformation, perfusion parameters and myocardial triglyceride (TG) content were measured and compared among these three groups. Pearson's and Spearman analysis were performed to investigate the correlation between LV cardiac parameters and myocardial steatosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to illustrate the relationship between myocardial steatosis and LV subclinical myocardial dysfunction. RESULTS An increase in myocardial TG content was found in the MetS group compared with that in the other groups (MetS vs. non-MetS: 1.54 ± 0.63% vs. 1.16 ± 0.45%; MetS vs. normal: 1.54 ± 0.63% vs. 0.61 ± 0.22%; all p < 0.001). Furthermore, reduced LV deformation [reduced longitudinal and radial peak strain (PS); all p < 0.017] and microvascular dysfunction [increased time to maximum signal intensity (TTM) and reduced Upslope; all p < 0.017)] was found in the MetS group. Myocardial TG content was positively associated with MetS (r = 0.314, p < 0.001), and it was independently associated with TTM (β = 0.441, p < 0.001) and LV longitudinal PS (β = 0.323, p = 0.021). ROC analysis exhibited that myocardial TG content might predict the risk of decreased LV longitudinal myocardial deformation (AUC = 0.74) and perfusion function (AUC = 0.71). CONCLUSION Myocardial TG content increased in T2DM patients with concurrent MetS. Myocardial steatosis was positively associated with decreased myocardial deformation and perfusion dysfunction, which may be an indicator for predicting diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin-Jun Xie
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Meng-Ting Shen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ming-Yan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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The effect of venlafaxine on blood pressure and ECG in rats fed with high-fat-fructose diet. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:192-199. [PMID: 32461723 PMCID: PMC7247368 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome represents one of the major health, social and economic issues nowadays, and affects more than 25% people worldwide. Being a multifactorial health problem, metabolic syndrome clusters various features, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Each of these disturbances represents a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Moreover, patients with metabolic syndrome are more likely to suffer from depression, thus treatment with antidepressants (e.g. venlafaxine) is often neccessary. However, many of the antidepressants themselves may contribute to worsening or even development of the metabolic syndrome, thus creating a “vicious circle”. The aim of this work was to investigate on the animal model of metabolic syndrome, i.e. on hypertriacylglycerolemic rats fed high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD): 1) the effect of a change in diet from HFFD to a standard diet (SD) and the effect of venlafaxine treatment, 2) during HFFD, 3) as well as during a changed diet to SD. We focused on biometric parameters, blood pressure and selected ECG parameters. We observed the reversibility of the present metabolic and cardiovascular changes by switching the HFFD to SD in the last 3 weeks of the experiment. Switch to the standard diet led to decrease of body weight, even in the presence of venlafaxine. Administration of venlafaxine caused the decrease of heart weight/body weight index in rats fed with HFFD compared to the untreated group fed with HFFD for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, which was increased in the HFFD group showed a tendency to decrease to control values after switching to the standard diet . Administration of venlafaxine led to significant increase in all parameters of blood pressure when rats were fed with HFFD throughout the whole experiment. In untreated rats fed with HFFD for 8 weeks, we observed a shorter PQ interval and prolonged QRS complex as well as QTc interval compared to untreated rats with diet switched to SD. This effect was potentiated by venlafaxine administered not only during HFFD but even after switch to SD. Our results point to the fact that metabolic syndrome is clearly affecting the function of the cardiovascular system by modifying blood pressure and electrical activity of the heart. Moreover, administration of venlafaxine may lead to worsening of the observed changes, especially in the presence of high-fat-fructose diet.
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Xiong Z, Li Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Man W, Lin J, Dong Y, Liu L, Wang B, Wang H, Guo B, Li C, Li F, Wang H, Sun D. Mst1 knockdown alleviates cardiac lipotoxicity and inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165806. [PMID: 32320827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) accounts for increasing deaths of diabetic patients, and effective therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Myocardial lipotoxicity, which is caused by cardiac non-oxidative metabolic fatty acids and cardiotoxic fatty acid metabolites accumulation, has gained more attention to explain the increasing prevalence of DCM. However, whether mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) plays a role in lipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy has not yet been illustrated. Here, we found that Mst1 expression was elevated transcriptionally in the hearts of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice and palmitic acid-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated Mst1 silencing in db/db mouse hearts significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. Notably, Mst1 knockdown in db/db mouse hearts decreased lipotoxic apoptosis and inflammatory response. Mst1 knockdown exerted protective effects through inactivation of MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Moreover, lipotoxicity induced Mst1 expression through promoting the binding of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) and Mst1 promoter. Conclusively, we elucidated for the first time that Mst1 expression is regulated by FOXO3 under lipotoxicity stimulation and downregulation of Mst1 protects db/db mice from lipotoxic cardiac injury through MEKK1/JNK signaling inhibition, indicating that Mst1 abrogation may be a potential treatment strategy for DCM in type 2 diabetic patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/toxicity
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/agonists
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Primary Cell Culture
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanrong Man
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Heart Hospital, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Resveratrol and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Focusing on the Protective Signaling Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7051845. [PMID: 32256959 PMCID: PMC7094200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7051845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiovascular complication of diabetic mellitus that is characterized by diastolic disorder in the early stage and clinical heart failure in the later stage. Presently, DCM is considered one of the major causes of death in diabetic patients. Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring stilbene, is widely reported as a cardioprotective substance in many heart diseases. Thus far, the specific roles of RSV in DCM prevention and treatment have attracted great attention. Here, we discuss the roles of RSV in DCM by focusing its downstream targets from both in vivo and in vitro studies. Among such targets, Sirtuins 1/3 and AMP-activated kinase have been identified as key mediators that induce cardioprotection during hyperglycemia. In addition, many other signaling molecules (e.g., forkhead box-O3a and extracellular regulated protein kinases) are also regulated in the presence of RSV and exert beneficial effects such as opposing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes exposed to high-glucose conditions. The beneficial potential of an RSV/stem cell cotherapy is also reviewed as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing the development of DCM.
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Chen CY, Li SJ, Wang CY, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. The impact of DRP1 on myocardial fibrosis in the obese minipig. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13204. [PMID: 31990365 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart is a highly oxidative tissue, thus mitochondria play a major role in maintaining optimal cardiac function. Our previous study established a dietary-induced obese minipig with cardiac fibrosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac fibrosis of obese minipigs. DESIGN Four-month-old Lee-Sung minipigs were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C) and an obese group (O) by feeding a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Exposure of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to palmitate was used to explore the effects of high-fat on induction of myocardial injury in vitro. RESULTS The O pigs displayed greater heart weight and cardiac collagen accumulation. Obese pigs exhibited a lower antioxidant capacity, ATP concentration, and higher oxidative stress in the left ventricle (LV). The HFD caused downregulation in protein expression of PGC-1α and OPA1, and upregulation of DRP1, FIS1, and PINK1 in the LV of O compared to C pigs. Furthermore, palmitate induced apoptosis and decreased ATP content in H9c2 cells. Palmitate elevated the protein expression of DRP1 and PINK1 in these cells. Inhibition of DRP1 protein expression by siDRP1 in H9c2 cells resulted in enhanced ATP and decreased palmitate-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mitochondrial dynamics were linked to the progression of obesity-related cardiac injury. Inhibition of DRP1 after palmitate exposure in H9c2 cells resulted in improved ATP level and decreased apoptosis in vitro suggesting that mitochondrial fission serves a key role in progression of obesity-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Modulation of Fatty Acid-Related Genes in the Response of H9c2 Cardiac Cells to Palmitate and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030537. [PMID: 32110930 PMCID: PMC7140414 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While high levels of saturated fatty acids are associated with impairment of cardiovascular functions, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to exert protective effects. However the molecular mechanisms underlying this evidence are not completely understood. In the present study we have used rat H9c2 ventricular cardiomyoblasts as a cellular model of lipotoxicity to highlight the effects of palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, on genetic and epigenetic modulation of fatty acid metabolism and fate, and the ability of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, to contrast the actions that may contribute to cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Treatment with a high dose of palmitate provoked mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis, and hypertrophy of cardiomyoblasts. Palmitate also enhanced the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of master transcription factors for lipogenesis, and it favored the expression of genes encoding key enzymes that metabolically activate palmitate and commit it to biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, miR-33a, a highly conserved microRNA embedded in an intronic sequence of the SREBP2 gene, was co-expressed with the SREBP2 messenger, while its target carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b was down-regulated. Manipulation of the levels of miR-33a and SREBPs allowed us to understand their involvement in cell death and hypertrophy. The simultaneous addition of PUFAs prevented the effects of palmitate and protected H9c2 cells. These results may have implications for the control of cardiac metabolism and dysfunction, particularly in relation to dietary habits and the quality of fatty acid intake.
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60
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Li X, Wu Y, Zhao J, Wang H, Tan J, Yang M, Li Y, Deng S, Gao S, Li H, Yang Z, Yang F, Ma J, Cheng J, Cai W. Distinct cardiac energy metabolism and oxidative stress adaptations between obese and non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Theranostics 2020; 10:2675-2695. [PMID: 32194828 PMCID: PMC7052888 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the pathophysiological diversity of myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but analyzing these differences is important for the accurate diagnosis and precise treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to elucidate the key cardiac pathophysiological differences in myocardial injury between obese and non-obese T2DM from mice to humans. Methods: Obese and non-obese T2DM mouse models were successfully constructed and observed until systolic dysfunction occurred. Changes in cardiac structure, function, energy metabolism and oxidative stress were assessed by biochemical and pathological tests, echocardiography, free fatty acids (FFAs) uptake fluorescence imaging, transmission electron microscopy, etc. Key molecule changes were screened and verified by RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Further, 28 human heart samples of healthy population and T2DM patients were collected to observe the cardiac remodeling, energy metabolism and oxidative stress adaptations as measured by pathological and immunohistochemistry tests. Results: Obese T2DM mice exhibited more severe cardiac structure remodeling and earlier systolic dysfunction than non-obese mice. Moreover, obese T2DM mice exhibited severe and persistent myocardial lipotoxicity, mainly manifested by increased FFAs uptake, accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen, accompanied by continuous activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-GSK-3β), and sustained inhibition of glucose transport protein 4 (GLUT4) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), whereas non-obese mice showed no myocardial lipotoxicity characteristics at systolic dysfunction stage, accompanied by the restored PPARα pathway and GLUT4, sustained inhibition of p-GSK-3β and activation of ATGL. Additionally, both obese and non-obese T2DM mice showed significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when systolic dysfunction occurred, but the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was significantly activated in obese mice, while was significantly inhibited in non-obese mice. Furthermore, the key differences found in animals were reliably verified in human samples. Conclusion: Myocardial injury in obese and non-obese T2DM may represent two different types of complications. Obese T2DM individuals, compared to non-obese individuals, are more prone to develop cardiac systolic dysfunction due to severe and persistent myocardial lipotoxicity. Additionally, anti-oxidative dysfunction may be a key factor leading to myocardial injury in non-obese T2DM.
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The Pathogenic Role of Very Low Density Lipoprotein on Atrial Remodeling in the Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030891. [PMID: 32019138 PMCID: PMC7037013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent arrhythmia, and can lead to systemic thromboembolism and heart failure. Aging and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major risks for AF. One of the most important manifestations of MetS is dyslipidemia, but its correlation with AF is ambiguous in clinical observational studies. Although there is a paradoxical relationship between fasting cholesterol and AF incidence, the benefit from lipid lowering therapy in reduction of AF is significant. Here, we reviewed the health burden from AF and MetS, the association between two disease entities, and the metabolism of triglyceride, which is elevated in MetS. We also reviewed scientific evidence for the mechanistic links between very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which primarily carry circulatory triglyceride, to atrial cardiomyopathy and development of AF. The effects of VLDL to atria suggesting pathogenic to atrial cardiomyopathy and AF include excess lipid accumulation, direct cytotoxicity, abbreviated action potentials, disturbed calcium regulation, delayed conduction velocities, modulated gap junctions, and sarcomere protein derangements. The electrical remodeling and structural changes in concert promote development of atrial cardiomyopathy in MetS and ultimately lead to vulnerability to AF. As VLDL plays a major role in lipid metabolism after meals (rather than fasting state), further human studies that focus on the effects/correlation of postprandial lipids to atrial remodeling are required to determine whether VLDL-targeted therapy can reduce MetS-related AF. On the basis of our scientific evidence, we propose a pivotal role of VLDL in MetS-related atrial cardiomyopathy and vulnerability to AF.
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Shang R, Lal N, Puri K, Hussein B, Rodrigues B. Involvement of Heparanase in Endothelial Cell-Cardiomyocyte Crosstalk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:721-745. [PMID: 32274734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the management of diabetes has focused mainly on controlling high blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, despite valiant efforts to normalize this blood glucose, poor medication management predisposes these patients to heart failure. Following diabetes, how the heart utilizes different sources of fuel for energy is key to the development of heart failure. The diabetic heart switches from using both glucose and fats, to predominately using fats as an energy resource for maintaining its activities. This transformation to using fats as an exclusive source of energy is helpful in the initial stages of the disease and is tightly controlled. However, over the progression of diabetes, there is a loss of this controlled supply and use of fats, which ultimately has terrible consequences since the uncontrolled use of fats produces toxic by-products which weaken heart function and cause heart disease. Heparanase is a key player that directs how much fats are provided to the heart and does so in association with several partners like LPL and VEGFs. Together, they regulate the amount of fats supplied, and their subsequent breakdown to provide energy. Following diabetes, there is a disruption in this network resulting in fat oversupply and cell death. Understanding how the heparanase-LPL-VEGFs "ensemble" cooperates, and its dysfunction in the diabetic heart would be useful in restoring metabolic equilibrium and limiting diabetes-related cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Lal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karanjit Puri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Yang H, Xin X, Yu H, Bao Y, Jia P, Wu N, Jia D. microRNA Expression Profiles in Myocardium of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1147-1159. [PMID: 32346302 PMCID: PMC7167270 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This study aimed to explore microRNA expression profiles in the myocardium of HFD-induced obesity rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, and fed with normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 20 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricular myocardium was harvested to assess the extent of myocardial morphology alteration. MicroRNA expression was analyzed using Agilent miRNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the microarray data. The mirdbV6 database was used to forecast the miRNA target genes. The role of microRNAs in palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated by loss- and gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS Significant changes in cardiac function, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis were found in HFD rats as compared with NCD rats. miR-141-3p and miR-144-3p were also significantly upregulated in the myocardium of HFD-induced obesity rat. A series of genes involved in essential biological processes, including anatomical structure development and metabolic process, was targeted by these two miRNAs. These target genes were also implicated in signaling pathways involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, autophagy, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Inhibition of miR-141 or overexpression of miR-144 attenuated palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In contrast, overexpression of miR-141 or inhibition of miR-144 aggravated palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study identifies that miR-141 and miR-144 are candidate miRNAs associated with the development of HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction and structure alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yandong Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dalin Jia; Nan Wu Department of Cardiology The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th North of Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning110001, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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64
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Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus: Defining the Problem and Exploring the Interrelationship. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124 Suppl 1:S3-S11. [PMID: 31741438 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure are highly prevalent diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. These 2 diseases often occur concurrently because of shared risk factors such as coronary artery disease, and also because type 2 diabetes mellitus has direct cardiotoxic effects. Type 2 diabetes mellitus likely has a causative role in the development and prognosis of patients with heart failure. Optimal prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure likely involves identifying and treating their shared pathophysiologic features. Novel drug therapies, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, offer an exciting potential to better understand the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure, and may prove to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes in patients affected by these diseases.
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65
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Pérez‐Ramírez IF, González‐Dávalos ML, Mora O, Silva I, Gallegos‐Corona MA, Guzmán‐Maldonado SH, Reynoso‐Camacho R. Cardiac Lipid Metabolism Is Modulated by
Casimiroa edulis
and
Crataegus pubescens
Aqueous Extracts in High Fat and Fructose (HFF) Diet‐Fed Obese Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - María L. González‐Dávalos
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN) Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 76230 Querétaro México
| | - Ofelia Mora
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN) Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 76230 Querétaro México
| | - Isaac Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 76230 Querétaro México
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Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the abrogation of cardioprotection by sodium hydrosulfide post-conditioning in diabetic cardiomyopathy rat heart. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:339-348. [PMID: 31624852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide post-conditioning (HPOC) renders cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in normal rat by preserving mitochondria. But its efficacy in ameliorating I/R in the diabetic heart with (DCM) or without cardiomyopathy (DM) is unclear and is the focus of the present study. Normal (N), diabetes mellitus (streptozotocin, 35 mg/kg; normal diet), and DCM (streptozotocin, 35 mg/kg; high-fat diet) rats were subjected to I/R (30 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion) in presence and absence of HPOC using ex vivo Langendorff perfusion system. At the end of heart perfusion, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) fractions from the tissue were isolated and measured for the ATP production, electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activity, and membrane potential. The prominent I/R-associated injury in DCM rat was not subsequently attenuated by HPOC protocol unlike in the normal or diabetic rat heart (latter rat heart showed moderate protection) (HPOC recovery on infarct size: N 75% vs. DM 63% vs. DCM 48%). The baseline ATP content and subsequent ATP-producing capacity in DCM rat heart were low as compared with those in normal or DM rat heart, especially in SSM. HPOC protocol reversed the I/R-induced low mitochondrial ATP content and low ATP-producing capacity (both in non-energized and energized with glutamate/malate) significantly in normal and DM hearts, but not in DCM heart. Moreover in DCM, decreased activity of mitochondrial electron chain enzymes (complexes I, II, III, and IV) in SSM (26%, 88%, 57%, and 17%) and IFM (76%, 89%, 60%, and 13%) from sham control was maintained even after the conditioning of heart with hydrogen sulfide donor. Results altogether suggest that significantly higher levels of perturbing mitochondria in DCM rat heart underline the deteriorated cardiac recovery by HPOC.
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67
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Sun L, Yu M, Zhou T, Zhang S, He G, Wang G, Gang X. Current advances in the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy: From clinicopathological features to molecular therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2051-2062. [PMID: 31322242 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern due to lifestyle alterations. Moreover, the complications associated with diabetes mellitus deeply influence the quality of life of patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a type of diabetes mellitus complication characterized by functional and structural damage in the myocardium but not accompanied by coronary arterial disease. Currently, diagnosing and preventing DC is still a challenge for physicians due to its atypical symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the current knowledge on DC, especially in regards to the underlying molecular mechanisms toward the goal of developing useful diagnostic approaches and effective drugs based on these mechanisms. There exist several review articles which have focused on these points, but there still remains a lot to learn from published studies. In this review, the features, diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of DC are reviewed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic and prophylactic drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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68
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MicroRNA-21 abrogates palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through caspase-3/NF-κB signal pathways. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 20:336-346. [PMID: 30504734 PMCID: PMC6287441 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2018.03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and to determine a possible mechanism. Methods: H9c2 embryonic rat heart-derived cells were used in the study. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4.5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of the apoptosis-related proteins and miR-21. ELISA was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results: Palmitate exposure greatly reduced miR-21 expression in cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis increased when miR-21 was inhibited with or without palmitate exposure. Consistently, reduced apoptosis was observed when miR-21 was overexpressed in cardiomyocytes. Caspase-3 activity was reduced after palmitate exposure. Bcl-2 protein expression was increased in H9c2 cells when transfected with the miR-21 mimic. MiR-21 overexpression alone did not induce ROS or DNA fragmentation; however, in conjunction with palmitate exposure, miR-21 mimic reduced ROS and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, palmitate administration overcame the antioxidant effect of 3 mM N-acetylcysteine to significantly inhibit apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activity. The exposure to palmitate greatly reduced p65 and p-p38 expression in the nucleus. A p38 inhibitor had no effect on the expression of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in H9c2 cells alone; however, when combined with exposure to palmitate the p38 inhibitor induced Bcl-2 expression and inhibited caspase-3 activity. The p38 inhibitor by itself did not induce apoptosis, ROS production, or DNA fragmentation in H9c2 cells, but when palmitate was included with the p38 inhibitor, apoptosis, ROS production, and DNA fragmentation were reduced. Conclusion: miR-21 protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis that is induced by palmitate through the caspase-3/NF-κB signal pathways.
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69
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Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:1090-1098. [PMID: 31092908 PMCID: PMC6738079 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are often exposed to a metabolically challenging environment with scarce availability of oxygen and nutrients. This metabolic stress leads to changes in the balance between the endogenous synthesis and exogenous uptake of fatty acids, which are needed by cells for membrane biogenesis, energy production and protein modification. Alterations in lipid metabolism and, consequently, lipid composition have important therapeutic implications, as they affect the survival, membrane dynamics and therapy response of cancer cells. In this article, we provide an overview of recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress and discuss how this metabolic adaptation helps cancer cells thrive in a harsh tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, MMG, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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70
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Jensen CF, Bartels ED, Braunstein TH, Nielsen LB, Holstein‐Rathlou N, Axelsen LN, Nielsen MS. Acute intramyocardial lipid accumulation in rats does not slow cardiac conduction per se. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14049. [PMID: 30968589 PMCID: PMC6456446 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients suffer from both cardiac lipid accumulation and an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This correlation suggests a link between diabetes induced cardiac steatosis and electrical abnormalities, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We previously showed that cardiac conduction velocity slows in Zucker diabetic fatty rats and in fructose-fat fed rats, models that both exhibit prominent cardiac steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute cardiac lipid accumulation reduces conduction velocity per se. Cardiac lipid accumulation was induced acutely by perfusing isolated rat hearts with palmitate-glucose buffer, or subacutely by fasting rats overnight. Subsequently, longitudinal cardiac conduction velocity was measured in right ventricular tissue strips, and intramyocardial triglyceride and lipid droplet content was determined by thin layer chromatography and BODIPY staining, respectively. Perfusion with palmitate-glucose buffer significantly increased intramyocardial triglyceride levels compared to perfusion with glucose (2.16 ± 0.17 (n = 10) vs. 0.92 ± 0.33 nmol/mg WW (n = 9), P < 0.01), but the number of lipid droplets was very low in both groups. Fasting of rats, however, resulted in both significantly elevated intramyocardial triglyceride levels compared to fed rats (3.27 ± 0.43 (n = 10) vs. 1.45 ± 0.24 nmol/mg WW (n = 10)), as well as a larger volume of lipid droplets (0.60 ± 0.13 (n = 10) vs. 0.21 ± 0.06% (n = 10), P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in longitudinal conduction velocity between palmitate-glucose perfused and control hearts (0.77 ± 0.025 (n = 10) vs. 0.75 m/sec ± 0.029 (n = 9)), or between fed and fasted rats (0.75 ± 0.042 m/sec (n = 10) vs. 0.79 ± 0.047 (n = 10)). In conclusion, intramyocardial lipid accumulation does not slow cardiac longitudinal conduction velocity per se. This is true for both increased intramyocardial triglyceride content, induced by palmitate-glucose perfusion, and increased intramyocardial triglyceride and lipid droplet content, generated by fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa F. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Emil D. Bartels
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas H. Braunstein
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lars B. Nielsen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Lene N. Axelsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Morten Schak Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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71
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Selthofer-Relatić K, Kibel A, Delić-Brkljačić D, Bošnjak I. Cardiac Obesity and Cardiac Cachexia: Is There a Pathophysiological Link? J Obes 2019; 2019:9854085. [PMID: 31565432 PMCID: PMC6745151 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9854085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiometabolic and vascular diseases like arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidaemia, and atherosclerosis. A special role in obesity-related syndromes is played by cardiac visceral obesity, which includes epicardial adipose tissue and intramyocardial fat, leading to cardiac steatosis; hypertensive heart disease; atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary artery disease; and ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac microcirculatory dysfunction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation. Cardiac expression of these changes in any given patient is unique and multimodal, varying in clinical settings and level of expressed changes, with heart failure development depending on pathophysiological mechanisms with preserved, midrange, or reduced ejection fraction. Progressive heart failure with misbalanced metabolic and catabolic processes will change muscle, bone, and fat mass and function, with possible changes in the cardiac fat state from excessive accumulation to reduction and cardiac cachexia with a worse prognosis. The question we address is whether cardiac obesity or cardiac cachexia is to be more feared.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Selthofer-Relatić
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - A. Kibel
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - D. Delić-Brkljačić
- Department for Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I. Bošnjak
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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ShamsEldeen AM, Ashour H, Shoukry HS, Fadel M, Kamar SS, Aabdelbaset M, Rashed LA, Ammar HI. Combined treatment with systemic resveratrol and resveratrol preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells, maximizes antifibrotic action in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10942-10963. [PMID: 30537190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Heba Samy Shoukry
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mostafa Fadel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Endoscopy Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute Giza Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Medical Histology Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | | | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Giza Egypt
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73
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Cerf ME. Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050070. [PMID: 30344301 PMCID: PMC6262512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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74
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Li W, Yao M, Wang R, Shi Y, Hou L, Hou Z, Lian K, Zhang N, Wang Y, Li W, Wang W, Jiang L. Profile of cardiac lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:231. [PMID: 30301464 PMCID: PMC6178266 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipotoxicity contributes to diabetic myocardial disease. In this study, we investigated the lipid species contributing to lipotoxicity and the relationship with peroxisomal β-oxidation in the heart of diabetic mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a Diabetic group (intraperitoneal injection of STZ) and a Control group (saline). Cardiac function indexes [ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%)] were evaluated by echocardiography. Morphological changes in the myocardial tissues and mitochondria were assessed by electron microscopy following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood myocardial injury indexes and lipids were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Cardiac ATP levels were analyzed using a commercially available kit. mRNA levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT-1α), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (AOX1), D-bifunctional protein (DBP), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase A (THLA), uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 and UCP3 were investigated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. FABP3 protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Non-targeted metabolomics by LC-MS/MS was applied to evaluate profile of lipid metabolism in heart. RESULTS Compared with controls, EF% and FS% were significantly reduced in diabetic mice. Furthermore, blood myocardial injury indexes and lipids, as well as myocardial mitochondrial cristae fusion were significantly increased. In the diabetic heart, GLUT4 expression was decreased, while expression of FABP3, CPT-1α, AOX1, DBP, THLA, UCP2 and UCP3 was increased, and ATP levels were reduced. In total, 113 lipids exhibited significant differential expression (FC > 2, P < 0.05) between the two groups, with sphingolipid metabolism identified as the top-ranking affected canonical pathway. In the diabetic heart, long-chain hydroxyl-acylcarnitines (8/8) and acylcarnitines (6/11), triglycerides (2/5), and diacyglycerol (3/7) were upregulated, while very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (5/6) including eicosapentaenoate, docosahexaenoate, phosphocholine (11/19), lysophosphocholine (5/9), phosphoethanolamine (7/11), lysophosphoethanolamine (7/10), phosphatidylglycerol (6/8), phosphoserine (6/8), phosphatidylinositol (2/2), phosphatidic acid (1/1), lysophosphatidic acid (1/1) and sphingomyelin (6/6) were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the increase in toxic lipid species and decreased in PUFAs undergoing peroxisomal β-oxidation, combined with the reduction in phospholipids cause mitochondrial injury and subsequent uncoupling of phosphorylation and ATP deficiency; thereby leading to diabetic heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Lianguo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Ziyuan Hou
- Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 01 Ziyou Road, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Kaoqi Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
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75
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Wu L, Wang K, Wang W, Wen Z, Wang P, Liu L, Wang DW. Glucagon-like peptide-1 ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PPARα pathway. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12763. [PMID: 29659121 PMCID: PMC6052396 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity cardiomyopathy is the result of excessive accumulation and oxidation of toxic lipids in the heart. It is a major threat to patients with diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has aroused considerable interest as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus because it stimulates insulin secretion. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of the GLP-1 analog exendin-4 and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin on cardiac lipid metabolism in diabetic mice (DM). The increased myocardial lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced in DM by low streptozotocin doses and high-fat diets were significantly reversed by exendin-4 and saxagliptin treatments for 8 weeks. We found that exendin-4 inhibited abnormal activation of the (PPARα)-CD36 pathway by stimulating protein kinase A (PKA) but suppressing the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway in DM hearts, palmitic acid (PA)-treated rat h9c2 cardiomyocytes (CMs), and isolated adult mouse CMs. Cardioprotection in DM mediated by exendin-4 was abolished by combination therapy with the PPARα agonist wy-14643 but mimicked by PPARα gene deficiency. Therefore, the PPARα pathway accounted for the effects of exendin-4. This conclusion was confirmed in cardiac-restricted overexpression of PPARα mediated by adeno-associated virus serotype-9 containing a cardiac troponin T promoter. Our results provide the first direct evidence that GLP-1 protects cardiac function by inhibiting the ROCK/PPARα pathway, thereby ameliorating lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medicine; The Central Hospital of Wuhan; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders; Wuhan China
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76
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Xu T, Lv Z, Chen Q, Guo M, Wang X, Huang F. Vascular endothelial growth factor over-expressed mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned media ameliorate palmitate-induced diabetic endothelial dysfunction through PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:491-498. [PMID: 29990837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), islet microvasculares are severely damaged due to glucolipotoxicity and other reasons. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an indispensable and specific angiogenic factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic islet microvascular disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a promising treatment of diabetes because of their immunosuppressive effect and multipotential differentiation potency. In this study, we tested whether MSCs over-expressing VEGF conditioned medium (MSC-VEGF-CM) could ameliorate pancreatic islet endothelial cells (MS-1) dysfunction induced by a common diabetic inducer palmitate (PA). We found that cell survival and migration were restrained by PA and partly repaired by the pro-protected of MSC-VEGF-CM. Meanwhile, PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were also up-regulated. Though apoptosis-related proteins, caspase-3 and caspase-9, had no significantly suppressed between MSC-VEGF-CM and MSC-CM alone, the expression levels of vascular surface factors such as CD31, VE-cadherin, occludin and ICAM-1, were remarkably up-regulated by the pro-protected of MSC-VEGF-CM. Our data suggested that MSC-VEGF-CM had therapeutic effect on the PA-induced dysfunction through the re-activation of PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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77
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Zhu N, Jiang W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen H, Zhao X. Plasma levels of free fatty acid differ in patients with left ventricular preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 29843618 PMCID: PMC5975423 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acids (FFAs) predicted the risk of heart failure (HF) and were elevated in HF with very low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether total levels of FFA in plasma differed in patients with HF with preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and the association with the three categories. METHODS One hundred thirty-nine patients with HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF were investigated in this study. Plasma FFA levels were measured using commercially available assay kits, and LVEF was calculated by echocardiography with the Simpson biplane method. Dyspnea ranked by New York Heart Association (NYHA) was also identified. RESULTS FFA concentrations were higher in HFrEF than in HFmrEF and HFpEF, respectively (689 ± 321.5 μmol/L vs. 537.9 ± 221.6 μmol/L, p = 0.036; 689 ± 321.5 μmol/L vs. 527.5 ± 185.5 μmol/L, p = 0.008). No significant differences in FFA levels were found between HFmrEF and HFpEF (537.9 ± 221.6 μmol/L vs. 527.5 ± 185.5 μmol/L, p = 0.619). In addition, we found a negative correlation between FFA levels and LVEF (regression coefficient: - 0.229, p = 0.004) and a positive correlation between FFAs and NYHA class (regression coefficient: 0.214, p = 0.014) after adjustment for clinical characteristic, medical history and therapies. ROC analysis revealed that FFAs predicted HFrEF across the three categories (AUC: 0.644, p = 0.005) and the optimal cut-off level to predict HFrEF was FFA levels above 575 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS FFA levels differed across the three categories, which suggests that energy metabolism differs between HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, No. 57 Canghou Street, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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78
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Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Vázquez-Carrera M. Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:452-467. [PMID: 29605388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic heart is characterized by metabolic disturbances that are often accompanied by local inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall changes result in contractile dysfunction, concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy, that together affect cardiac output and eventually lead to heart failure, the foremost cause of death in diabetic patients. There are currently several validated biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiac diseases, but none is capable of discriminating patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this review we point to several novel candidate biomarkers from new activated molecular pathways (including microRNAs) with the potential to detect or prevent DCM in its early stages, or even to treat it once established. The prospective use of selected biomarkers that integrate inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and metabolic dysregulation is widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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79
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Cardiac Development and Transcription Factors: Insulin Signalling, Insulin Resistance, and Intrauterine Nutritional Programming of Cardiovascular Disease. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8547976. [PMID: 29484207 PMCID: PMC5816854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programming with an insult or stimulus during critical developmental life stages shapes metabolic disease through divergent mechanisms. Cardiovascular disease increasingly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, and the heart as an insulin-sensitive organ may become insulin resistant, which manifests as micro- and/or macrovascular complications due to diabetic complications. Cardiogenesis is a sequential process during which the heart develops into a mature organ and is regulated by several cardiac-specific transcription factors. Disrupted cardiac insulin signalling contributes to cardiac insulin resistance. Intrauterine under- or overnutrition alters offspring cardiac structure and function, notably cardiac hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and hypertension that precede the onset of cardiovascular disease. Optimal intrauterine nutrition and oxygen saturation are required for normal cardiac development in offspring and the maintenance of their cardiovascular physiology.
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80
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Gu J, Wang S, Guo H, Tan Y, Liang Y, Feng A, Liu Q, Damodaran C, Zhang Z, Keller BB, Zhang C, Cai L. Inhibition of p53 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing early-stage apoptosis and cell senescence, reduced glycolysis, and impaired angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:82. [PMID: 29362483 PMCID: PMC5833384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tumor suppressor p53 expression has been associated with heart diseases, including the diabetic heart. However, its precise role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the development of DCM is attributed to up-regulated p53-mediated both early cardiac cell death and persistent cell senescence, glycolytic and angiogenetic dysfunctions. The present study investigated the effect of p53 inhibition with its specific inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) on the pathogenesis of DCM and its associated mechanisms. Type 1 diabetes was induced with multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Both hyperglycemic and age-matched control mice were treated with and without PFT-α five times a week for 2 months and then sacrificed at 3 and 6 months post-diabetes. Treatment with PFT-α significantly prevented the progression of diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction (i.e., DCM). Mechanistically, the inhibition of p53 prevented the cardiac apoptosis during early-stage diabetes (0.5 month), attenuated diabetes-induced cell senescence (3 and 6 months), and improved both glycolytic and angiogenic defects by increasing hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α protein stability and upregulating HIF-1α transcription of specific target genes at 3 and 6 months after diabetes. Therefore, the targeted inhibition of p53 in diabetic individuals may provide a novel approach for the prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlian Gu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China.,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Pediatrics Research Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua Guo
- the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Pediatrics Research Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China.,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Pediatrics Research Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yaqin Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Anyun Feng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Pediatrics Research Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China. .,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China.,Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Pediatrics Research Institute, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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81
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Ueno M, Suzuki J, Hirose M, Sato S, Imagawa M, Zenimaru Y, Takahashi S, Ikuyama S, Koizumi T, Konoshita T, Kraemer FB, Ishizuka T. Cardiac overexpression of perilipin 2 induces dynamic steatosis: prevention by hormone-sensitive lipase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E699-E709. [PMID: 28851734 PMCID: PMC6415650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac intracellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) is a pathophysiological phenomenon observed in starvation and diabetes mellitus. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein expressed in nonadipose tissues, including the heart. To explore the pathophysiological function of myocardial PLIN2, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice by cardiac-specific overexpression of PLIN2. Tg hearts showed accumulation of numerous small LDs associated with mitochondrial chains and high cardiac triacylglycerol (TAG) content [8-fold greater than wild-type (WT) mice]. Despite massive steatosis, cardiac uptake of glucose, fatty acids and VLDL, systolic function, and expression of metabolic genes were comparable in the two genotypes, and no morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy in the Tg hearts. Twenty-four hours of fasting markedly reduced steatosis in Tg hearts, whereas WT mice showed accumulation of LDs. Although activity of adipose triglyceride lipase in heart homogenate was comparable between WT and Tg mice, activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was 40-50% less in Tg than WT mice under both feeding and fasting conditions, suggesting interference of PLIN2 with HSL. Mice generated through crossing of PLIN2-Tg mice and HSL-Tg mice showed cardiac-specific HSL overexpression and complete lack of steatosis. The results suggest that cardiac PLIN2 plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of dynamic steatosis and that the latter was prevented by upregulation of intracellular lipases, including HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ueno
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jinya Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan;
| | | | - Satsuki Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Michiko Imagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Zenimaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sadao Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes Medicine, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oita San-ai Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Koizumi
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadashi Konoshita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
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82
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Wang Y, Hu Y, Zeng Z, Li Y, Su H, Li Y, Wang R, Zhang M, Yang Y, Deng J. Influence of androgen on myocardial apoptosis and expression of myocardial IR and IRS‑1 in chronic heart failure rat models. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1057-1064. [PMID: 29115626 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of androgens on chronic heart failure (CHF) in a rat model. A total of 120 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the following groups: (A) sham operation group, (B) castrated group, (C) heart failure (HF) group, (D) castrated + HF group, and (E) castrated + HF + testosterone (T) replacement therapy group. There were 20 rats in group A, and 25 rats in the other groups. Surgical castration was performed on groups B, D and E, and T replacement therapy was administered to group E. Groups C, D and E were treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride to prepare the CHF animal model. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels. Echocardiography was performed. Venous blood was collected for plasma T level test. Myocardial tissue was used for apoptosis index analysis. The expression levels of myocardial insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate‑1 (IRS‑1) were measured by reverse transcription semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with group A, the T level and ISI decreased, whereas the expression level of IR and IRS‑1 were increased in the CHF group (P<0.05). Following castration, the T level and ISI were significantly decreased, and the expression of IR and IRS‑1 were increased compared with the uncastrated CHF rats (P<0.01). Following androgen administration, the ISI increased, expression of IR and IRS‑1 decreased, and the myocardial apoptosis index decreased (P<0.05). Taken together, these results demonstrated that androgen supplementation could improve insulin resistance and affect the expression of IR and IRS‑1 in CHF, thereby reducing myocardial apoptosis and improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Qiandongnan of Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan, Guizhou 556000, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Huipeng Su
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
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83
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Niemann B, Rohrbach S, Miller MR, Newby DE, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution: Part 3 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:230-251. [PMID: 28683970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs whenever the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity. In this paper, we review the specific role of several cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excessive pollution. Specifically, the risk of developing heart failure is higher in patients with diabetes or obesity, even with optimal medical treatment, and the increased release of ROS from cardiac mitochondria and other sources likely contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Here, we explore the role of different ROS sources arising in obesity and diabetes, and the effect of excessive ROS production on the development of cardiac lipotoxicity. In parallel, contaminants in the air that we breathe pose a significant threat to human health. This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how their composition and biological effects have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Niemann
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mark R Miller
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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84
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Fernandes-Cardoso A, Santos-Furtado M, Grindler J, Ferreira LA, Andrade JL, Santo MA. Epicardial fat thickness correlates with P-wave duration, left atrial size and decreased left ventricular systolic function in morbid obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:731-738. [PMID: 28739186 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epicardial fat (EF) is increased in obesity and has important interactions with atrial and ventricular myocardium. Most of the evidence in this scenario can be confused by the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, which are very common in this population. The influence of EF on atrial remodeling and cardiac function demands further investigation on morbidly obese without these comorbidities. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively recruited 20 metabolically healthy morbidly obese and 20 normo-weights controls. The maximum P-wave duration (PWD) was analyzed by 12-lead electrocardiogram. Left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and EF thickness (EFT) were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography. The mean of maximum PWD and LAD were significantly larger in the obese group as compared to the control group: 109.55 ± 11.52 ms × 89.38 ± 11.19 ms and 36.12 ± 3.46 mm × 31.45 ± 2.64 mm, (p < 0.0001). The mean LVEF was lower in the obese group: 63.15 ± 4.25% × 66.17 ± 3.37% (p < 0.017). The mean EFT was higher in the obese group: 7.72 ± 1.60 mm × 3.10 ± 0.85 mm (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between EFT and PWD (r = 0.70; p = 0.001) and LAD (r = 0.667; p = 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between EFT and LVEF (r = -0.523; p = 0.001). In a multiple multivariate regression analysis the EFT remains correlated with LAD and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS In a select group of morbidly obese, the excess of EF had a significant impact on atrial remodeling and cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue/physiopathology
- Adiposity
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Atrial Function, Left
- Atrial Remodeling
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Atria/physiopathology
- Humans
- Linear Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/complications
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/diagnosis
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/physiopathology
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Pericardium/diagnostic imaging
- Pericardium/physiopathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Stroke Volume
- Systole
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernandes-Cardoso
- Electrocardiology Service, Medical Clinic Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Brazil.
| | - M Santos-Furtado
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Radiology Institute (InRad), HCFMUSP, Brazil
| | - J Grindler
- Electrocardiology Service, Medical Clinic Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Brazil
| | - L A Ferreira
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Statistics, IMEUSP, Brazil
| | - J L Andrade
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Radiology Institute (InRad), HCFMUSP, Brazil
| | - M A Santo
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Gastroenterology Department, HCFMUSP, Brazil
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85
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in general population. Besides well-known risk factors such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia, growing evidence suggests that hormonal changes in various endocrine diseases also impact the cardiac morphology and function. Recent studies highlight the importance of ectopic intracellular myocardial and pericardial lipid deposition, since even slight changes of these fat depots are associated with alterations in cardiac performance. In this review, we overview the effects of hormones, including insulin, thyroid hormones, growth hormone and cortisol, on heart function, focusing on their impact on myocardial lipid metabolism, cardiac substrate utilization and ectopic lipid deposition, in order to highlight the important role of even subtle hormonal changes for heart function in various endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Winhofer
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- High Field MR CentreDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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86
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Lee WS, Kim J. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: where we are and where we are going. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:404-421. [PMID: 28415836 PMCID: PMC5432803 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its related complications are currently increasing. Diabetes mellitus affects the heart through various mechanisms including microvascular impairment, metabolic disturbance, subcellular component abnormalities, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, and a maladaptive immune response. Eventually, diabetes mellitus can cause functional and structural changes in the myocardium without coronary artery disease, a disorder known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). There are many diagnostic tools and management options for DCM, although it is difficult to detect its development and effectively prevent its progression. In this review, we summarize the current research regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of DCM. Moreover, we discuss emerging diagnostic evaluation methods and treatment strategies for DCM, which may help our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and facilitate the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jaetaek Kim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-1397 Fax: +82-2-6299-1390 E-mail:
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87
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Abstract
Obesity-related co-morbidities decrease life quality, reduce working ability and lead to early death. The total amount of dietary fat consumption may be the most potent food-related risk factor for weight gain. In this respect, dietary intake of high-caloric, high-fat diets due to chronic over-eating and sedentary lifestyle lead to increased storage of triglycerides not only in adipose tissue but also ectopically in other tissues . Increased plasma concentrations of non-esterified free fatty acids and lipid-overloaded hypertrophic adipocytes may cause insulin resistance in an inflammation-independent manner. Even in the absence of metabolic disorders, mismatch between fatty acid uptake and utilization leads to the accumulation of toxic lipid species resulting in organ dysfunction. Lipid-induced apoptosis, ceramide accumulation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may play role in the pathogenesis of lipotoxicity. The hypothalamus senses availability of circulating levels of glucose, lipids and amino acids, thereby modifies feeding according to the levels of those molecules. However, the hypothalamus is also similarly vulnerable to lipotoxicity as the other ectopic lipid accumulated tissues. Chronic overnutrition most likely provides repetitive and persistent signals that up-regulate inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta subunit/nuclear factor kappa B (IKKβ/NF-κB) in the hypothalamus before the onset of obesity. However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet induced peripheral signals affect the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus remain largely unknown. In this chapter, besides lipids and leptin, the role of glucose and insulin on specialized fuel-sensing neurons of hypothalamic neuronal circuits has been debated.
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88
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Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Deswal A, Dunbar SB, Francis GS, Horwich T, Jessup M, Kosiborod M, Pritchett AM, Ramasubbu K, Rosendorff C, Yancy C. Contributory Risk and Management of Comorbidities of Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 134:e535-e578. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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89
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Kenneweg F, Bang C, Toro R, van der Meer RW, Rijzewijk LJ, Smit JW, Lamb HJ, Llorente-Cortes V, Thum T. Circulating long-non coding RNAs as biomarkers of left ventricular diastolic function and remodelling in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37354. [PMID: 27874027 PMCID: PMC5118808 DOI: 10.1038/srep37354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile dysfunction is underdiagnosed in early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We evaluated the potential of circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers of subclinical cardiac abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. Forty-eight men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and 12 healthy age-matched volunteers were enrolled in the study. Left ventricular (LV) parameters were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A panel of lncRNAs was quantified in serum by RT-qPCR. No differences in expression levels of lncRNAs were observed between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy volunteers. In patients with type 2 diabetes, long intergenic non-coding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling (LIPCAR) was inversely associated with diastolic function, measured as E/A peak flow (P < 0.050 for all linear models). LIPCAR was positively associated with grade I diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.050 for all logistic models). Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) and smooth muscle and endothelial cell-enriched migration/differentiation-associated long noncoding RNA (SENCR) were directly associated with LV mass to LV end-diastolic volume ratio, a marker of cardiac remodelling (P < 0.050 for all linear models). These findings were validated in a sample of 30 patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. LncRNAs are independent predictors of diastolic function and remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kenneweg
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Bang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Toro
- Department of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - R W van der Meer
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L J Rijzewijk
- Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Baden, Switzerland
| | - J W Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Llorente-Cortes
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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90
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Jørgensen PG, Jensen MT, Biering-Sørensen T, Mogelvang R, Galatius S, Fritz-Hansen T, Rossing P, Vilsbøll T, Jensen JS. Cholesterol remnants and triglycerides are associated with decreased myocardial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:137. [PMID: 27659241 PMCID: PMC5034540 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, genetic studies have suggested a causal relationship between cholesterol remnants and ischemic heart disease. We aimed to determine whether cholesterol remnants and its marker, triglyceride levels, are associated with cardiac function as determined by sensitive echocardiographic measures in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Comprehensive echocardiography including 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography was performed on a representative sample of 924 patients with type 2 diabetes-730 of whom were treated with statins. These were recruited from two large secondary care centers. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, triglycerides and cholesterol remnants were not associated with left ventricular ejection fraction, but with subtle measures of systolic function, including global longitudinal strain by speckle tracking and longitudinal displacement by tissue Doppler echocardiography: global longitudinal strain [0.33 % (0.14), p = 0.02 per doubling in cholesterol remnants and 0.28 % (0.13), p = 0.03 per doubling in triglyceride levels] and with longitudinal displacement [-0.25 mm (0.10), p = 0.01 per doubling in cholesterol remnants and -0.25 mm (0.09), p = 0.005 per doubling in triglyceride levels]. Subgroup analyses of patients receiving statin therapy and patients without known heart disease revealed similar results, but the association was not present in patients with known heart disease. CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes, subtle decrease in left ventricular function is present with increasing levels of cholesterol remnants and triglyceride levels indicating an effect of these on cardiac function that is not detectable by conventional echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Godsk Jørgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Magnus Thorsten Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mogelvang
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Søren Galatius
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Fritz-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2-2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Diabetes Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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91
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Trivedi PC, Bartlett JJ, Perez LJ, Brunt KR, Legare JF, Hassan A, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Glucolipotoxicity diminishes cardiomyocyte TFEB and inhibits lysosomal autophagy during obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1893-1910. [PMID: 27620487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac metabolism in the obese and diabetic heart leads to glucolipotoxicity and ensuing cardiomyopathy. Glucolipotoxicity causes cardiomyocyte injury by increasing energy insufficiency, impairing proteasomal-mediated protein degradation and inducing apoptosis. Proteasome-evading proteins are degraded by autophagy in the lysosome, whose metabolism and function are regulated by master regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB). Limited studies have examined the impact of glucolipotoxicity on intra-lysosomal signaling proteins and their regulators. By utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, type-1 diabetes (Akita) and ex-vivo model of glucolipotoxicity (H9C2 cells and NRCM, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte), we examined whether glucolipotoxicity negatively targets TFEB and lysosomal proteins to dysregulate autophagy and cause cardiac injury. Despite differential effects of obesity and diabetes on LC3B-II, expression of proteins facilitating autophagosomal clearance such as TFEB, LAMP-2A, Hsc70 and Hsp90 were decreased in the obese and diabetic heart. In-vivo data was recapitulated in H9C2 and NRCM cells, which exhibited impaired autophagic flux and reduced TFEB content when exposed to a glucolipotoxic milieu. Notably, overloading myocytes with a saturated fatty acid (palmitate) but not an unsaturated fatty acid (oleate) depleted cellular TFEB and suppressed autophagy, suggesting a fatty acid specific regulation of TFEB and autophagy in the cardiomyocyte. The effect of glucolipotoxicity to reduce TFEB content was also confirmed in heart tissue from patients with Class-I obesity. Therefore, during glucolipotoxicity, suppression of lysosomal autophagy was associated with reduced lysosomal content, decreased cathepsin-B activity and diminished cellular TFEB content likely rendering myocytes susceptible to cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi C Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jordan J Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lester J Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Legare
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada.
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92
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Brittain EL, Talati M, Fessel JP, Zhu H, Penner N, Calcutt MW, West JD, Funke M, Lewis GD, Gerszten RE, Hamid R, Pugh ME, Austin ED, Newman JH, Hemnes AR. Fatty Acid Metabolic Defects and Right Ventricular Lipotoxicity in Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2016; 133:1936-44. [PMID: 27006481 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.019351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of right ventricular (RV) failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are poorly understood. Abnormalities in fatty acid (FA) metabolism have been described in experimental models of PAH, but systemic and myocardial FA metabolism has not been studied in human PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS We used human blood, RV tissue, and noninvasive imaging to characterize multiple steps in the FA metabolic pathway in PAH subjects and controls. Circulating free FAs and long-chain acylcarnitines were elevated in PAH patients versus controls. Human RV long-chain FAs were increased and long-chain acylcarnitines were markedly reduced in PAH versus controls. With the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in vivo myocardial triglyceride content was elevated in human PAH versus controls (1.4±1.3% triglyceride versus 0.22±0.11% triglyceride, P=0.02). Ceramide, a mediator of lipotoxicity, was increased in PAH RVs versus controls. Using an animal model of heritable PAH, we demonstrated reduced FA oxidation via failure of palmitoylcarnitine to stimulate oxygen consumption in the PAH RV. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in FA metabolism can be detected in the blood and myocardium in human PAH and are associated with in vivo cardiac steatosis and lipotoxicity. Murine data suggest that lipotoxicity may arise from reduction in FA oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Brittain
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.).
| | - Megha Talati
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - He Zhu
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Niki Penner
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - James D West
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Mitch Funke
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Meredith E Pugh
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Eric D Austin
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - John H Newman
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
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93
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Faramoushi M, Amir Sasan R, Sari Sarraf V, Karimi P. Cardiac fibrosis and down regulation of GLUT4 in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy are ameliorated by chronic exposures to intermittent altitude. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016; 8:26-33. [PMID: 27069564 PMCID: PMC4827136 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2016.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic intermittent hypoxia is considered as a preconditioning status in cardiovascular health to inducing resistance to the low oxygen supply. Diabetic cardiomyopathy leads to inability of the heart to effective circulation of blood preventing of consequent tissue damages so; the aim of this study was elucidation of effect of chronic exposure to hypoxia on Cardiac fibrosis and expression of GLUT4 in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Methods: A total number of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups; 1: Normoxia control group (NN, n = 10). 2: Normoxia diabetic group (ND, n = 10) that took fat diet for 2 weeks then were injected by streptozotocin (37 mg/kg) and 3: Hypoxia diabetic group (HD, n = 10): that were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) (altitude ≈3400 m, 14% oxygen for 8 weeks). After hypoxia challenge, plasma metabolic parameters including: fasting blood glucose (FBS), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured by colorimetric assay. Cardiac expression of GLUT4 protein and cardiac collagen accumulation were determined in the excised left ventricle by western blotting, and Masson trichrome staining respectively.
Results: Based on resultant data, FBS, TG and TC were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in HD vs. ND. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) were also significantly attenuated after exposed to CIH in HD group compared to ND group (P < 0.05). Significant increase in packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration was observed in HD group compared to ND group (P < 0.05). Comparison of heart wet weight between three groups showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) with lower amount in HD and ND versus NN. Myocardial fibrosis was significantly more pronounced in ND when compared to NN. Eight weeks exposure to hypoxia ameliorated this increase in HD group. Intermittent hypoxia significantly increased GLUT4 protein expression in HD compared to ND group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Data suggested that CIH might potentiate to improve glucose homeostasis and cardiac tissue structural damages created in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Faramoushi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Amir Sasan
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Sari Sarraf
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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94
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Schlein C, Talukdar S, Heine M, Fischer AW, Krott LM, Nilsson SK, Brenner MB, Heeren J, Scheja L. FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues. Cell Metab 2016; 23:441-53. [PMID: 26853749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FGF21 decreases plasma triglycerides (TGs) in rodents and humans; however, the underlying mechanism or mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of FGF21 in production and disposal of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in mice. Treatment with pharmacological doses of FGF21 acutely reduced plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), liver TG content, and VLDL-TG secretion. In addition, metabolic turnover studies revealed that FGF21 facilitated the catabolism of TRL in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). FGF21-dependent TRL processing was strongly attenuated in CD36-deficient mice and transgenic mice lacking lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues. Insulin resistance in diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice shifted FGF21 responses from WAT toward energy-combusting BAT. In conclusion, FGF21 lowers plasma TGs through a dual mechanism: first, by reducing NEFA plasma levels and consequently hepatic VLDL lipidation and, second, by increasing CD36 and LPL-dependent TRL disposal in WAT and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED), Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucia M Krott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan K Nilsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin B Brenner
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases (CVMED), Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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95
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Black PN, Ahowesso C, Montefusco D, Saini N, DiRusso CC. Fatty Acid Transport Proteins: Targeting FATP2 as a Gatekeeper Involved in the Transport of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:612-622. [PMID: 27446528 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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96
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Lee HC, Lin HT, Ke LY, Wei C, Hsiao YL, Chu CS, Lai WT, Shin SJ, Chen CH, Sheu SH, Wu BN. VLDL from Metabolic Syndrome Individuals Enhanced Lipid Accumulation in Atria with Association of Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010134. [PMID: 26805814 PMCID: PMC4730373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic derangements. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in MetS and is related to atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in MetS (MetS-VLDL) may induce atrial dilatation and vulnerability to AF. VLDL was therefore separated from normal (normal-VLDL) and MetS individuals. Wild type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, normal-VLDL (nVLDL), and MetS-VLDL (msVLDL) groups. VLDL (15 µg/g) and equivalent volumes of saline were injected via tail vein three times a week for six consecutive weeks. Cardiac chamber size and function were measured by echocardiography. MetS-VLDL significantly caused left atrial dilation (control, n = 10, 1.64 ± 0.23 mm; nVLDL, n = 7, 1.84 ± 0.13 mm; msVLDL, n = 10, 2.18 ± 0.24 mm; p < 0.0001) at week 6, associated with decreased ejection fraction (control, n = 10, 62.5% ± 7.7%, vs. msVLDL, n = 10, 52.9% ± 9.6%; p < 0.05). Isoproterenol-challenge experiment resulted in AF in young msVLDL mice. Unprovoked AF occurred only in elderly msVLDL mice. Immunohistochemistry showed excess lipid accumulation and apoptosis in msVLDL mice atria. These findings suggest a pivotal role of VLDL in AF pathogenesis for MetS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
- Lipid and Glycoimmune Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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97
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Low-dose Exogenous Ouabain Alleviates Cardiac Lipotoxicity Through Suppressing Expression of CD36. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:39-46. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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98
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Felício JS, Koury CC, Carvalho CT, Abrahão Neto JF, Miléo KB, Arbage TP, Silva DD, de Oliveira AF, Peixoto AS, Figueiredo AB, Ribeiro Dos Santos ÂKC, Yamada ES, Zanella MT. Present Insights on Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:384-395. [PMID: 26364799 PMCID: PMC5101638 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150914120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is partially understood and is likely to be multifactorial, involving metabolic disturbances, hypertension and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Therefore, an important need remains to further delineate the basic mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and to apply them to daily clinical practice. We attempt to detail some of these underlying mechanisms, focusing in the clinical features and management. The novelty of this review is the role of CAN and reduction of blood pressure descent during sleep in the development of DCM. Evidence has suggested that CAN might precede left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, serving as an early marker for the evaluation of preclinical cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, a prospective study demonstrated that an elevation of nocturnal systolic blood pressure and a loss of nocturnal blood pressure fall might precede the onset of abnormal albuminuria and cardiovascular events in hypertensive normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, existing microalbuminuria could imply the presence of myocardium abnormalities. Considering that DCM could be asymptomatic for a long period and progress to irreversible cardiac damage, early recognition and treatment of the preclinical cardiac abnormalities are essential to avoid severe cardiovascular outcomes. In this sense, we recommend that all type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with microalbuminuria, should be regularly submitted to CAN tests, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and echocardiography, and treated for any abnormalities in these tests in the attempt of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soares Felício
- Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto - Universidade Federal do Pará, Mundurucus Street, 4487 - Postal Code: 66073-000 - Guamá - Belém - PA - Brazil.
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99
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Saponaro C, Gaggini M, Carli F, Gastaldelli A. The Subtle Balance between Lipolysis and Lipogenesis: A Critical Point in Metabolic Homeostasis. Nutrients 2015; 7:9453-74. [PMID: 26580649 PMCID: PMC4663603 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of lipids can lead to lipotoxicity, cell dysfunction and alteration in metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. This is now a recognized risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The causes for lipotoxicity are not only a high fat diet but also excessive lipolysis, adipogenesis and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The aims of this review are to investigate the subtle balances that underlie lipolytic, lipogenic and oxidative pathways, to evaluate critical points and the complexities of these processes and to better understand which are the metabolic derangements resulting from their imbalance, such as type 2 diabetes and non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Saponaro
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Molecolare Medica e di Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Impaired fatty acid oxidation as a cause for lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:73-8. [PMID: 26546819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major cause for diabetic cardiomyopathy is excess lipid accumulation. To elucidate mechanisms of lipotoxicity mediated diabetic heart disease we need to further our understanding of how lipid metabolism is altered in the diabetic heart. Here we investigated the role of lipid clearance by oxidation as a regulator of lipid-mediated toxicity (lipotoxicity). We evaluated the effect of pre-treating rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCMs) with either oleate (mono-unsaturated fatty acid) or palmitate (saturated fatty acid) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by measuring (14)C-CO2 production. We evaluated carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt1b) expression by western blotting and mitochondrial membrane potential by quantitative and qualitative fluorescence analyses using the JC-1 dye. We inhibited the Cpt1b pharmacologically using etomoxir and genetically by knocking down its expression using LentiVector mediated transduction of siRNAs targeting the Cpt1b gene. We found that palmitate had a slower clearance rate from NCMs than oleate, and this was associated with a significant decrease in FAO. This impairment in FAO was not the result of either loss of Cpt1b protein or mitochondrial integrity. Enhancing FAO with either oleate or carnitine was associated with a significant attenuation of palmitate mediated lipotoxicity. In contrast impairing FAO in oleate treated NCMs caused lipotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that a major difference between non-toxic unsaturated fatty acids and toxic saturated fatty acids is there ability to stimulate or inhibit fatty acid oxidation, respectively. This has important implications for diabetic cardiomyopathy since diabetic hearts consistently exhibit elevated lipid accumulation.
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