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Lei X, Song S, Tao H, Liu L, Zheng Q, Xu C, Kuang H. Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent and Immunochromatographic Strip Assays for Tiamulin Detection in Chicken. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3581-3586. [PMID: 31458609 PMCID: PMC6641450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tiamulin (TML) is a diterpenoid antibiotic used in animals. In this study, a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip assay and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) were developed to detect the residue of TML in chicken. TML aminobutyric was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin by mixed anhydride method as immunogen, whereas TML was connected to ovalbumin with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole as coating antigen. Under optimized conditions, the ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody-based ic-ELISA exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.36 ng/mL with a working range of 0.14-0.9 ng/mL for TML. A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip assay was developed with a TML cutoff value of 2.5 ng/mL. On the basis of these results, both developed methods are useful for TML detection in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Lei
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory
for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and
Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control
in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory
for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and
Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control
in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hong Tao
- Delishi
Group, Weifang, Shandong 262216, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory
for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and
Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control
in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Qiankun Zheng
- Delishi
Group, Weifang, Shandong 262216, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory
for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and
Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control
in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory
for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and
Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control
in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic
of China
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Saeed K, Gould I, Esposito S, Ahmad-Saeed N, Ahmed SS, Alp E, Bal AM, Bassetti M, Bonnet E, Chan M, Coombs G, Dancer SJ, David MZ, De Simone G, Dryden M, Guardabassi L, Hanitsch LG, Hijazi K, Krüger R, Lee A, Leistner R, Pagliano P, Righi E, Schneider-Burrus S, Skov RL, Tattevin P, Van Wamel W, Vos MC, Voss A. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus: a position statement from the International Society of Chemotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:16-25. [PMID: 29174420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kordo Saeed
- Microbiology Department, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke & Winchester, UK and University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK.
| | - Ian Gould
- Medical Microbiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Silvano Esposito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nusreen Ahmad-Saeed
- Public Health England-Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Salman Shaheer Ahmed
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emine Alp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abhijit M Bal
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Crosshouse, NHS Ayrshire & Arran & Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, France
| | - Monica Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Geoffrey Coombs
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Michael Z David
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Matthew Dryden
- Microbiology Department, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke & Winchester, UK and University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK; Rare and Imported Pathogens Department, Public Health England, UK
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Leif G Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Hijazi
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Renate Krüger
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andie Lee
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- AORN dei Colli, D. Cotugno Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Naples, Italy
| | - Elda Righi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Robert Leo Skov
- MVZ Synlab, Leverkusen, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Leverkusen, Germany and Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Tattevin
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, 35033 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Willem Van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet C Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre and Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:827-860. [PMID: 28592405 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00112-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). However, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. Challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of bacterial resistance, local hypersensitivity reactions (particularly to older agents, such as bacitracin), and concerns about the indiscriminate use of antiseptics potentially coselecting for antibiotic resistance. We review the evidence for the major clinical uses of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of common topical agents and define the clinical and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in these agents. Moreover, we review the potential use of newer and emerging agents, such as retapamulin and ebselen, and discuss the role of antiseptic agents in preventing bacterial skin infections. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical efficacy and drivers of resistance to topical agents will inform the optimal use of these agents to preserve their activity in the future.
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Mahu M, Boyen F, Canessa S, Zavala Marchan J, Haesebrouck F, Martel A, Pasmans F. An avirulent Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain elicits intestinal IgA and slows down spread of swine dysentery. Vet Res 2017; 48:59. [PMID: 28982389 PMCID: PMC5629781 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, results in substantial economic losses in swine producing countries worldwide. Although a number of different vaccine approaches have been explored with regard to this disease, they show limitations and none of them have reached the market. We here determine the vaccine potential of a weakly haemolytic B. hyodysenteriae strain. The virulence of this strain was assessed in experimental infection trials and its protection against swine dysentery was quantified in a vaccination-challenge experiment using a seeder infection model. Systemic IgG production and local IgA production were monitored in serum and faeces respectively. Across all trials, pigs that were colonized by virulent, strongly haemolytic B. hyodysenteriae strains consistently developed swine dysentery, in contrast to none of the pigs colonized by the weakly haemolytic B. hyodysenteriae vaccine strain. In the seeder vaccination trial nearly all immunised animals developed swine dysentery on subsequent challenge with a virulent strain, but the speed of spread of swine dysentery and faecal score were significantly reduced in animals immunised with the weakly haemolytic strain compared to sham-immunised animals. The IgA response of immunised animals upon challenge with a virulent B. hyodysenteriae strain significantly correlated to a later onset of disease. The correlation between local IgA production and protection induced by a weakly haemolytic B. hyodysenteriae strain provides leads for future vaccine development against swine dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Mahu
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stefano Canessa
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jackeline Zavala Marchan
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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55
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Theuretzbacher U. Antibiotic innovation for future public health needs. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:713-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dec M, Urban-Chmiel R, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Wernicki A. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility in Lactobacillus isolates from chickens. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:54. [PMID: 28932278 PMCID: PMC5605976 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of 88 Lactobacillus isolates derived from chickens to antibiotic substances and to detect drug-resistance genes. RESULTS The minimal inhibitory concentration of 13 antimicrobial substances was determined by the broth microdilution method, and resistance genes were detected by PCR. We recorded a high prevalence of resistance to tiamulin (90% resistant isolates), tetracyclines (74%) and lincomycin (70%), and a moderately high frequency of resistance to enrofloxacin (48%), macrolides (42%), aminoglycosides (12.5-31%), ampicillin (26%) and chloramphenicol (23%). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 79.5% of isolates. The presence of resistance genes was generally correlated with phenotypic resistance, but some molecular determinants were also recorded in susceptible isolates. Among tetracycline resistance genes, the most frequently identified was tetW (45% isolates), followed by tetM (26%) and tetL (24%). The ermB, ermC and lnuA genes, associated with resistance to macrolides and lincosamides, were observed in 39, 12 and 39% of isolates, respectively. Among genes determining resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, we identified ant(6)-Ia (10% of isolates), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia (8%), aph(2″)-Ic (6%) and aadE (4.5%). The cat gene was present in 32 isolates, including 8 of 20 found to be resistant to chloramphenicol. Two genes encoding efflux pumps were identified-the acrA gene was present in all isolates tested, and 10 of 79 lactobacilli determined to be phenotypically resistant to tiamulin contained the lsaE gene. We were unable to explain the resistance mechanism of Lactobacillus isolates to ampicillin, but showed that it did not involve the production of β-lactamases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that intestinal lactobacilli should be considered a reservoir of resistance genes and that antibiotics must be used prudently in poultry production. The data derived from this study can be used as a basis for reviewing current microbiological breakpoints for categorization of susceptible and resistant strains within the genus Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wernicki
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Lugsomya K, Chatsuwan T, Niyomtham W, Tummaruk P, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Routine Prophylactic Antimicrobial Use Is Associated with Increased Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Healthy Fattening Pigs on Farms in Thailand. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:213-223. [PMID: 28604274 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in commensal Escherichia coli derived from healthy fattening pigs in Thai farms that used prophylactic antimicrobials (in-feed tiamulin fumarate and amoxicillin) [PAs], therapeutic antimicrobials (injectable enrofloxacin or gentamicin) [TAs], or no antimicrobials [NAs]. Commensal E. coli were used as a proxy for overall AMR on the farms. There was a high level of multidrug resistance in all three categories of farm, with isolates showing resistance to β-lactams (amoxicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin) and tetracyclines (tetracycline), and commonly possessing tetA, blaTEM, and plasmid replicons FIB and F. On the other hand, isolates with an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype (ESBLP) and with resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, tiamulin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were significantly more common among the PA farms (p < 0.05) than in the other two farm categories. In the PA farms, ESBLP E. coli commonly contained the blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCTX-M-9 group, or both gene groups, and were shown to transfer blaCTX-M genes in a conjugation experiment. E. coli containing N, FIC and A/C replicons were found only in PA farms. In summary, although E. coli isolates from all farms contained a core set of resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines, the routine use of PA increased resistance rates to other important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittitat Lugsomya
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanitta Chatsuwan
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waree Niyomtham
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- 3 Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David J Hampson
- 4 School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
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Mutations Associated with Decreased Susceptibility to Seven Antimicrobial Families in Field and Laboratory-Derived Mycoplasma bovis Strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01983-16. [PMID: 27895010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01983-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, an aminocyclitol, macrolides, a lincosamide, a phenicol, and pleuromutilins were investigated in Mycoplasma bovis For the identification of mutations responsible for the high MICs of certain antibiotics, whole-genome sequencing of 35 M. bovis field isolates and 36 laboratory-derived antibiotic-resistant mutants was performed. In vitro resistant mutants were selected by serial passages of M. bovis in broth medium containing subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics. Mutations associated with high fluoroquinolones MICs were found at positions 244 to 260 and at positions 232 to 250 (according to Escherichia coli numbering) of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes, respectively. Alterations related to elevated tetracycline MICs were described at positions 962 to 967, 1058, 1195, 1196, and 1199 of genes encoding the 16S rRNA and forming the primary tetracycline binding site. Single transversion at position 1192 of the rrs1 gene resulted in a spectinomycin MIC of 256 μg/ml. Mutations responsible for high macrolide, lincomycin, florfenicol, and pleuromutilin antibiotic MICs were identified in genes encoding 23S rRNA. Understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms is an important tool for future developments of genetic-based diagnostic assays for the rapid detection of resistant M. bovis strains.
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Paukner S, Riedl R. Pleuromutilins: Potent Drugs for Resistant Bugs-Mode of Action and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a027110. [PMID: 27742734 PMCID: PMC5204327 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pleuromutilins are antibiotics that selectively inhibit bacterial translation and are semisynthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring tricyclic diterpenoid pleuromutilin, which received its name from the pleuromutilin-producing fungus Pleurotus mutilus Tiamulin and valnemulin are two established derivatives in veterinary medicine for oral and intramuscular administration. As these early pleuromutilin drugs were developed at a time when companies focused on major antibacterial classes, such as the β-lactams, and resistance was not regarded as an issue, interest in antibiotic research including pleuromutilins was limited. Over the last decade or so, there has been a resurgence in interest to develop this class for human use. This has resulted in a topical derivative, retapamulin, and additional derivatives in clinical development. The most advanced compound is lefamulin, which is in late-stage development for the intravenous and oral treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin infections. Overall, pleuromutilins and, in particular, lefamulin are characterized by potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative pathogens as well as against mycoplasmas and intracellular organisms, such as Chlamydia spp. and Legionella pneumophila Pleuromutilins are unaffected by resistance to other major antibiotic classes, such as macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, β-lactam antibiotics, and others. Furthermore, pleuromutilins display very low spontaneous mutation frequencies and slow, stepwise resistance development at sub-MIC in vitro. The potential for resistance development in clinic is predicted to be slow as confirmed by extremely low resistance rates to this class despite the use of pleuromutilins in veterinary medicine for >30 years. Although rare, resistant strains have been identified in human- and livestock-associated environments and as with any antibiotic class, require close monitoring as well as prudent use in veterinary medicine. This review focuses on the structural characteristics, mode of action, antibacterial activity, and resistance development of this potent and novel antibacterial class for systemic use in humans.
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La T, Phillips ND, Hampson DJ. An Investigation into the Etiological Agents of Swine Dysentery in Australian Pig Herds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167424. [PMID: 27907102 PMCID: PMC5131991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine dysentery (SD) is a mucohemorrhagic colitis, classically seen in grower/finisher pigs and caused by infection with the anaerobic intestinal spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. More recently, however, the newly described species Brachyspira hampsonii and Brachyspira suanatina have been identified as causing SD in North America and/or Europe. Furthermore, there have been occasions where strains of B. hyodysenteriae have been recovered from healthy pigs, including in multiplier herds with high health status. This study investigated whether cases of SD in Australia may be caused by the newly described species; how isolates of B. hyodysenteriae recovered from healthy herds compared to isolates from herds with disease; and how contemporary isolates compare to those recovered in previous decades, including in their plasmid gene content and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In total 1103 fecal and colon samples from pigs in 97 Australian herds were collected and tested. Of the agents of SD only B. hyodysenteriae was found, being present in 34 (35.1%) of the herds, including in 14 of 24 (58%) herds that had been considered to be free of SD. Multilocus sequence typing applied to 96 isolates from 30 herds and to 53 Australian isolates dating from the 1980s through the early 2000s showed that they were diverse, distinct from those reported in other countries, and that the 2014/16 isolates generally were different from those from earlier decades. These findings provided evidence for ongoing evolution of B. hyodysenteriae strains in Australia. In seven of the 20 herds where multiple isolates were available, two to four different sequence types (STs) were identified. Isolates with the same STs also were found in some herds with epidemiological links. Analysis of a block of six plasmid virulence-associated genes showed a lack of consistency between their presence or absence and their origin from herds currently with or without disease; however, significantly fewer isolates from the 2000s and from 2014/16 had this block of genes compared to isolates from the 1980s and 1990s. It is speculated that loss of these genes may have been responsible for the occurrence of milder disease occurring in recent years. In addition, fewer isolates from 2014/16 were susceptible to the antimicrobials lincomycin, and to a lesser extent tiamulin, than those from earlier Australian studies. Four distinct multi-drug resistant strains were identified in five herds, posing a threat to disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom La
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nyree D. Phillips
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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61
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Coyne LA, Latham SM, Williams NJ, Dawson S, Donald IJ, Pearson RB, Smith RF, Pinchbeck GL. Understanding the culture of antimicrobial prescribing in agriculture: a qualitative study of UK pig veterinary surgeons. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:3300-3312. [PMID: 27516473 PMCID: PMC5079303 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals has been linked with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial populations, with consequences for animal and public health. This study explored the underpinning drivers, motivators and reasoning behind prescribing decisions made by veterinary surgeons working in the UK pig industry. METHODS A qualitative interview study was conducted with 21 veterinary surgeons purposively selected from all UK pig veterinary surgeons. Thematic analysis was used to analyse transcripts. RESULTS Ensuring optimum pig health and welfare was described as a driver for antimicrobial use by many veterinary surgeons and was considered a professional and moral obligation. Veterinary surgeons also exhibited a strong sense of social responsibility over the need to ensure that antimicrobial use was responsible. A close relationship between management practices, health and economics was evident, with improvements in management commonly identified as being potential routes to reduce antimicrobial usage; however, these were not always considered economically viable. The relationship with clients was identified as being a source of professional stress for practitioners due to pressure from farmers requesting antimicrobial prescriptions, and concern over poor compliance of antimicrobial administration by some farmers. CONCLUSIONS The drivers behind prescribing decisions by veterinary surgeons were complex and diverse. A combination of education, improving communication between veterinary surgeons and farmers, and changes in regulations, in farm management and in consumer/retailer demands may all be needed to ensure that antimicrobial prescribing is optimal and to achieve significant reductions in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Coyne
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - S M Latham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - N J Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - S Dawson
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - I J Donald
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - R B Pearson
- The George Pig Practice, High Street, Malmesbury, Wiltshire SN16 9AU, UK
| | - R F Smith
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - G L Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
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Si Y, Cossu A, Nitin N, Ma Y, Zhao C, Chiou BS, Cao T, Wang D, Sun G. Mechanically Robust and TransparentN-Halamine Grafted PVA-co-PE Films with Renewable Antimicrobial Activity. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- Fiber and Polymer Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Andrea Cossu
- Food Science and Technology & Biological and Agricultural Engineering; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Food Science and Technology & Biological and Agricultural Engineering; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Fiber and Polymer Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Cunyi Zhao
- Fiber and Polymer Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Bor-sen Chiou
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering; USDA/WRRC/ARS; Albany CA 94710 USA
| | - Trung Cao
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering; USDA/WRRC/ARS; Albany CA 94710 USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Gang Sun
- Fiber and Polymer Science; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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63
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Grózner D, Kreizinger Z, Sulyok KM, Rónai Z, Hrivnák V, Turcsányi I, Jánosi S, Gyuranecz M. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese in Hungary. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:170. [PMID: 27543140 PMCID: PMC4992293 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma sp. 1220 can induce inflammation primarily in the genital and respiratory tracts of waterfowl, leading to serious economic losses. Adequate housing and appropriate antibiotic treatment are promoted in the control of the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to thirteen different antibiotics and an antibiotic combination of thirty-eight M. sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese and a duck in several parts of Hungary, Central Europe between 2011 and 2015. RESULTS High MIC50 values were observed in the cases of tilmicosin (>64 μg/ml), oxytetracycline (64 μg/ml), norfloxacin (>10 μg/ml) and difloxacin (10 μg/ml). The examined strains yielded the same MIC50 values with spectinomycin, tylosin and florfenicol (8 μg/ml), while enrofloxacin (MIC50 5 μg/ml), doxycycline (MIC50 5 μg/ml), lincomycin (MIC50 4 μg/ml) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (1:2) combination (MIC50 4 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of the bacteria with lower concentrations. Tylvalosin (MIC50 0.5 μg/ml) and two pleuromutilins (tiamulin MIC50 0.625 μg/ml; valnemulin MIC50 ≤ 0.039 μg/ml) were found to be the most effective drugs against M. sp. 1220. However, strains with elevated MIC values were detected for all applied antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Valnemulin, tiamulin and tylvalosin were found to be the most effective antibiotics in the study. Increasing resistance was observed in the cases of several antibiotics. The results highlight the importance of testing Mycoplasma species for antibiotic susceptibility before therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Grózner
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Kinga M Sulyok
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rónai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Hrivnák
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Turcsányi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Jánosi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
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64
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Mendonça N, Figueiredo R, Mendes C, Card RM, Anjum MF, da Silva GJ. Microarray Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Escherichia coli Isolates from Portuguese Poultry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E4. [PMID: 27025519 PMCID: PMC4810406 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of 174 Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy Portuguese Gallus gallus was evaluated. Resistance profiles were determined against 33 antimicrobials by microbroth dilution. Resistance was prevalent for tetracycline (70%) and ampicillin (63%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was observed in 18% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was found in 56% of isolates. A subset of 74 isolates were screened by DNA microarrays for the carriage of 88 antibiotic resistance genes and 62 virulence genes. Overall, 37 different resistance genes were detected. The most common were tet(A) (72%), blaTEM (68%), and sul1 (47%), while 21% isolates harbored an ESBL gene (blaCTX-M group 1, group 2, or group 9). Of these, 96% carried the increased serum survival (iss) virulence gene, while 89% presented the enterobactin siderophore receptor protein (iroN), 70% the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh), and 68% the long polar fimbriae (lpfA) virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. In conclusion, prevalence of antibiotic resistant E. coli from the microbiota of Portuguese chickens was high, including to extended spectrum cephalosporins. The majority of isolates seems to have the potential to trigger extraintestinal human infection due to the presence of some virulence genes. However, the absence of genes specific for enteropathogenic E. coli reduces the risk for human intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Mendonça
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui Figueiredo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB Surrey, UK.
| | - Catarina Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Roderick M Card
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB Surrey, UK.
| | - Muna F Anjum
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB Surrey, UK.
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Vande Maele L, Heyndrickx M, Maes D, De Pauw N, Mahu M, Verlinden M, Haesebrouck F, Martel A, Pasmans F, Boyen F. In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:325-8. [PMID: 26369432 PMCID: PMC4785128 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspira
hyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay.
In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. For
organic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was most
sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binary
combinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. In
vitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organic
acids against B. hyodysenteriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Vande Maele
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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66
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Fluorescence polarization immunoassay using IgY antibodies for detection of valnemulin in swine tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7843-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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67
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Wendlandt S, Kadlec K, Feßler AT, Schwarz S. Identification of ABC transporter genes conferring combined pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance in bovine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:353-8. [PMID: 25891423 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis of combined pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance in 26 unrelated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from dairy cows suffering from mastitis. The 26 pleuromutilin-resistant staphylococcal isolates were screened for the presence of the genes vga(A), vga(B), vga(C), vga(E), vga(E) variant, sal(A), vmlR, cfr, lsa(A), lsa(B), lsa(C), and lsa(E) by PCR. None of the 26 isolates carried the genes vga(B), vga(C), vga(E), vga(E) variant, vmlR, cfr, lsa(A), lsa(B), or lsa(C). Two Staphylococcus haemolyticus and single Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lentus, and Staphylococcus hominis were vga(A)-positive. Twelve S. aureus, two Staphylococcus warneri, as well as single S. lentus and S. xylosus carried the lsa(E) gene. Moreover, single S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were positive for both genes, vga(A) and lsa(E). The sal(A) gene was found in a single Staphylococcus sciuri. All ABC transporter genes were located in the chromosomal DNA, except for a plasmid-borne vga(A) gene in the S. epidermidis isolate. The genetic environment of the lsa(E)-positive isolates was analyzed using previously described PCR assays. Except for the S. warneri and S. xylosus, all lsa(E)-positive isolates harbored a part of the previously described enterococcal multiresistance gene cluster. This is the first report of the novel lsa(E) gene in the aforementioned bovine CoNS species. This is also the first identification of the sal(A) gene in a S. sciuri from a case of bovine mastitis. Moreover, the sal(A) gene was shown to also confer pleuromutilin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wendlandt
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
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Zhang A, Xu C, Wang H, Lei C, Liu B, Guan Z, Yang C, Yang Y, Peng L. Presence and new genetic environment of pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance gene lsa(E) in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of swine origin. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:162-7. [PMID: 25759293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that causes erysipelas in swine. In recent years, erysipelas infection among swine in China has been increasing. A combined resistance phenotype to pleuromutilins, lincosamides, and streptogramin A (PLSA phenotype) was found in some E. rhusiopathiae isolates. The aim of this study was to identify the resistance genes responsible for the PLSA phenotype in E. rhusiopathiae strains and to map the genetic environment of the identified resistance gene. A total of 46 E. rhusiopathiae isolates from 31 pig farms in China were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution method. Seven were highly resistant to tiamulin (MICs 32 μg/ml) and clindamycin (MICs 64 μg/ml). Resistance genes responsible for the PLSA phenotype were screened by PCR. The lsa(E), spw, lnu(B), aadE and aphA3 genes were detected in strains had the PLSA phenotype, whereas none was detected in susceptible strains. The genetic environment of lsa(E) gene was determined by whole-genome sequencing and overlapping PCR assays. A novel multiresistance gene cluster, orf1-aadE-apt-spw-lsa(E)-lnu(B)-rec-orf2-orf1-aadE-sat4-aphA3, was found. Horizontal gene transfer experiments and whole-genome sequencing suggested that the lsa(E)-carrying multiresistance gene cluster was located in the chromosome. This is the first molecular characterization of PLSA resistance in E. rhusiopathiae. The lsa(E), spw and lnu(B) genes were found in E. rhusiopathiae for the first time. A novel lsa(E)-carrying multiresistance gene cluster was found. The location of lsa(E) in different gene cluster facilitates its persistence and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and environment Protection of Southwestern, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Bihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Zhongbin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Linyao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
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Wells J, Berry E, Kalchayanand N, Rempel L, Kim M, Oliver W. Effect of lysozyme or antibiotics on faecal zoonotic pathogens in nursery pigs. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1489-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Wells
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
| | - E.D. Berry
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
| | - N. Kalchayanand
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
| | - L.A. Rempel
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
| | - M. Kim
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
| | - W.T. Oliver
- USDA; ARS; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center; Clay Center NE USA
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70
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Postma M, Stärk KDC, Sjölund M, Backhans A, Beilage EG, Lösken S, Belloc C, Collineau L, Iten D, Visschers V, Nielsen EO, Dewulf J. Alternatives to the use of antimicrobial agents in pig production: A multi-country expert-ranking of perceived effectiveness, feasibility and return on investment. Prev Vet Med 2015; 118:457-66. [PMID: 25650306 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen alternatives to antimicrobial agents were ranked on perceived effectiveness, feasibility and return on investment (ROI) from 0 (not effective, not feasible, no ROI) to 10 (fully effective, completely feasible, maximum ROI) by 111 pig health experts from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The top 5 measures in terms of perceived effectiveness were (1) improved internal biosecurity, (2) improved external biosecurity, (3) improved climate/environmental conditions, (4) high health/Specific Pathogen Free/disease eradication and (5) increased vaccination. The top 5 measures in terms of perceived feasibility were (1) increased vaccination, (2) increased use of anti-inflammatory products, (3) improved water quality, (4) feed quality/optimization and (5) use of zinc/metals. The top 5 measures in terms of perceived ROI were (1) improved internal biosecurity, (2) zinc/metals, (3) diagnostics/action plan, (4) feed quality/optimization and (5) climate/environmental improvements. Univariate linear regression showed that veterinary practitioners rank internal biosecurity, vaccination, use of zinc/metals, feed quality optimization and climate/environmental on average highest, while researchers and professors focused more on increased use of diagnostics and action plans. Financial incentives/penalties ranked low in all countries. Belgian respondents ranked feed quality significantly lower compared to the German respondents while reduction of stocking density was ranked higher in Belgium compared to Denmark. Categorical Principal Component Analysis applied to the average ranking supported the finding that veterinary practitioners had a preference for more practical, common and already known alternatives. The results showed that improvements in biosecurity, increased use of vaccination, use of zinc/metals, feed quality improvement and regular diagnostic testing combined with a clear action plan were perceived to be the most promising alternatives to antimicrobials in industrial pig production based on combined effectiveness, feasibility and ROI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Postma
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Katharina D C Stärk
- Safe Food Solutions Inc. SAFOSO AG, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie Sjölund
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annette Backhans
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Grosse Beilage
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büscheler Straße 9, D-49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Svenja Lösken
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büscheler Straße 9, D-49456 Bakum, Germany
| | | | - Lucie Collineau
- Safe Food Solutions Inc. SAFOSO AG, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denise Iten
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), Consumer Behavior, Clausiusstrasse 37, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vivianne Visschers
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), Consumer Behavior, Clausiusstrasse 37, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth O Nielsen
- Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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71
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Rugna G, Bonilauri P, Carra E, Bergamini F, Luppi A, Gherpelli Y, Magistrali CF, Nigrelli A, Alborali GL, Martelli P, La T, Hampson DJ, Merialdi G. Sequence types and pleuromutilin susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from Italian pigs with swine dysentery: 2003-2012. Vet J 2015; 203:115-9. [PMID: 25486860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Swine dysentery is a mucohaemorrhagic colitis of pigs caused by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The disease can be controlled by treatment with antimicrobial agents, with the pleuromutilins tiamulin and valnemulin being widely used. In recent years, the occurrence of B. hyodysenteriae with reduced susceptibility to these drugs has been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine temporal changes in genetic groups and pleuromutilin susceptibility amongst B. hyodysenteriae isolates from Italy. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on 108 isolates recovered from 87 farms in different regions of Italy from 2003 to 2012, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for tiamulin and valnemulin were determined. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between susceptibility to the two antimicrobial agents and genetic group, year and region of isolation. The isolates were allocated to 23 sequence types (STs), with five clonal clusters (Ccs) and seven singletons. More than 50% of isolates were resistant to both pleuromutilins (MIC >2.0 µg/mL for tiamulin and >1.0 µg/mL for valnemulin). All 10 isolates in ST 83 were resistant; these were first isolated in 2011 and came from nine farms, suggesting recent widespread dissemination of a resistant strain. Significant associations were found between the proportion of pleuromutilin susceptible isolates and the genetic group and year of isolation. Although resistant isolates were found in all Ccs, isolates in Ccs 2 and 7 were over five times more likely to be susceptible than those in the other Ccs. A significant trend in the reduction of susceptibility over time also was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rugna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - P Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - E Carra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - F Bergamini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Y Gherpelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - C F Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Nigrelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - G L Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - P Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - T La
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - D J Hampson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - G Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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Jeong JS, Kim IH. Effect of probiotic bacteria-fermented medicinal plants (Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa, Scutellaria baicalensis) as performance enhancers in growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:603-9. [PMID: 25523719 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of mixed fermented medicinal plants (FMP) obtained from exudates of Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa and Scutellaria baicalensis fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively, on growth performance in growing pigs in order to assess the feasibility of using FMP as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), such as tiamulin. A total of 150 growing pigs (body wieght 25.50 ± 2.50 kg) were used in a 6 weeks experiment and randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of five growing pigs each. The treatments were NC (basal diet), basal diet with 33 ppm tiamulin (PC), basal diet with FMP 0.05% (FMP 0.05), basal diet with FMP 0.1% (FMP 0.1) and basal diet with FMP 0.2% (FMP 0.2). Overall, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, the digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, noxious gas emission all improved with FMP supplementation as compared to NC. Taken together, these results suggest the feasibility of using FMP as an alternative to AGP for enhancing the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and excreta noxious gas emission of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Jeong
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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