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Lee B, Keyes E, Rachocki C, Grimes B, Chen E, Vittinghoff E, Ladabaum U, Somsouk M. Increased Colorectal Cancer Screening Sustained with Mailed Fecal Immunochemical Test Outreach. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1326-1333.e4. [PMID: 34280552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reports of mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach effectiveness over time are minimal. We aimed to better evaluate a mailed FIT program with longitudinal metrics. METHODS A total of 10,771 patients aged 50 to 75 years not up-to-date with colorectal cancer screening were randomized to intervention or usual care. The intervention arm received an advanced notification call and informational postcard prior to a mailed FIT. Usual care was at the discretion of the primary care provider. Patients were followed for up to 2.5 years. The primary outcome was the difference in cumulative proportion of completed FIT screening between arms. Screening was further examined with the proportion of time up-to-date, consistency of adherence, and frequency of abnormal FIT. RESULTS The cumulative proportion of FIT completion was higher in the outreach intervention (73.2% vs 55.1%; P < .001). The proportion of time covered by screening was higher in the intervention group (46.8% vs 27.3%; Δ19.6%; 95% confidence interval, 18.2%-20.9%). Patients assigned to FIT outreach were more likely to consistently complete FITs (2 completed of 2 offered) (50.1% vs 21.8%; P < .001). However, for patients who did not complete the FIT during the first cycle, only 17.1% completed a FIT during the second outreach cycle. The number and overall proportion of abnormal FIT was significantly higher in the outreach intervention (6.9% Outreach vs 4.1% Usual Care; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Organized mailed FIT outreach significantly increased colorectal cancer screening over multiple years in this safety-net health system. Although mailing was overall effective, the effect was modest in patients who did not complete FIT in first cycle of intervention. (ClincialTrials.gov, NCT02613260).
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Affiliation(s)
- Briton Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Erin Keyes
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Barbara Grimes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ellen Chen
- San Francisco Health Network, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Uri Ladabaum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Genomic Relevance of FGFR2 on the Prognosis of HCV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113093. [PMID: 35683481 PMCID: PMC9181427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are known to regulate cancer metabolism in different tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several risk factors are associated with HCC, of which viral infections (Hepatitis B and C) and cirrhosis are prominent. In Pakistan as well as in highly developed countries like the United States, hepatitis C virus HCV infections are most commonly reported in HCC. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of FGFR receptors in HCC and their role in HCV-positive HCC cases. 264 HCC samples along with their clinical information and 96 normal liver samples were collected. qPCR was done to estimate the expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Three independent HCV-induced HCC cohorts (containing 293 HCC samples) were used for validation. According to in vitro results, FGFR1 was upregulated in HCV+ HCC patients. However, in all three independent cohorts of HCC, significant a down-regulation of FGFR1 was observed. FGFR2 overexpression was observed in the in vitro cohort as well as in three independent HCC cohorts. Interestingly, a strong correlation of FGFR2 expression was observed between cirrhosis and HCV in all four HCC cohorts. Our study suggested that FGFR2 expression can be used to classify HCC patients based on HCV infection. This FGFR2-based classification may lead to new therapeutic strategies against HCV-positive HCC subtypes.
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Park JO, Nam IC, Kim CS, Park SJ, Lee DH, Kim HB, Han KD, Joo YH. Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Head and Neck Cancers: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study of 10 Million Healthy People. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102521. [PMID: 35626129 PMCID: PMC9139445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Descriptive epidemiologists have repeatedly reported that males are more susceptible to head and neck cancers. However, most published data are those of cross-sectional studies, and no population-based cohort study has yet been published. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of head and neck cancers in healthy males with females. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database on 9,598,085 individuals who underwent regular health checkups from 1 January to 31 December 2009. We sought head and neck cancers developed during the 10-year follow-up. Results: A total of 10,732 (incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years 0.25) individuals were newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer among the 9,598,085 individuals during the 10-year follow-up. The IR was 0.19 in males (8500 affected) and 0.06 in females (2232 affected). Notably, the male−female ratio increased with age below 70 years but decreased thereafter. The male−female difference was most apparent for laryngeal cancer; the male IR was 11-fold higher in the 40 s and 20-fold higher in the 60 s, followed by hypopharyngeal cancer (6.8- and 24.2-fold). Males smoked more and drank more alcohol than females (p < 0.0001 *, p < 0.0001 *). When never-smokers/-drinkers (only) were compared, males remained at a 2.9-fold higher risk of head and neck cancer than females. The hazard ratios for head and neck cancers in males tended to increase in the lower part of the upper aerodigestive tract: larynx (13.9) > hypopharynx (10.9) > oropharynx (4.4) > nasopharynx (2.9) > sinonasal region (1.8) > oral (1.6). Only the salivary gland cancer incidence did not differ between the sexes; the gland is not in the upper aerodigestive tract. Conclusion: Males are much more susceptible to head and neck cancers than females regardless of whether they drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Sex differences in the incidence of head and neck cancer are most evident in the 60 s in the lower part of the upper aerodigestive tract, such as the larynx and hypopharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ook Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
| | - Inn-Chul Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
| | - Sung-Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeon-si 14353, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea;
| | - Young-Hoon Joo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-O.P.); (I.-C.N.); (C.-S.K.); (D.-H.L.); (H.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-340-7090; Fax: +82-32-340-2674
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Fisher DA, Princic N, Miller-Wilson LA, Wilson K, Limburg P. Costs of colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy, including post-endoscopy events, among adults with Medicaid insurance. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:793-801. [PMID: 35243953 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2049163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the healthcare utilization and costs associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by colonoscopy, including costs associated with post-endoscopy events, among average-risk adults covered by Medicaid insurance. METHODS This cohort study evaluated a population of adults (ages 50-75 years) with CRC screening between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2018 (index = earliest test) from the IBM MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid database. Individuals at above-average risk for CRC or with prior CRC screening were excluded. CRC screening was reported by screening type: colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test [FIT], fecal occult blood test [FOBT], multi-target stool DNA [mt-sDNA]. Frequency and costs of events potentially related to colonoscopy (defined as occurring within 30 days post-endoscopy) were reported overall, by event type, and by individual event. RESULTS We identified a total of 13,134 average-risk adults covered by Medicaid insurance who received screening by colonoscopy; 63.6% (8350) had Medicare dual-eligibility while 36.4% (4785) did not have Medicare dual-eligibility. The mean (SD) cost of a colonoscopy procedure was $684 ($907) and mean (SD) out-of-pocket costs were $6 ($132). Serious gastrointestinal (GI) events (perforation and bleeding) were observed in 4.6% of individuals with colonoscopy, 4.3% had other GI events, and 3.0% had an incident cardiovascular/cerebrovascular event. Mean (SD) event-related costs were $1233 ($5784) among individuals with a serious GI event, $747 ($1961) among individuals with other GI events, and $4398 ($19,369) among individuals with a cardiovascular/cerebrovascular event. CONCLUSIONS This large, claims-based cohort study reports average (SD) out-of-pocket costs for Medicaid beneficiaries at $6 ($132), which could be one factor contributing to the accessibility of CRC screening by colonoscopy. The incidence of events potentially associated with colonoscopy (i.e. within 30 days after the screening) was 3-4%, and the event-related costs were considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Limburg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Al-Kaabi A, Baranov NS, van der Post RS, Schoon EJ, Rosman C, van Laarhoven HWM, Verheij M, Verhoeven RHA, Siersema PD. Age-specific incidence, treatment, and survival trends in esophageal cancer: a Dutch population-based cohort study. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:545-552. [PMID: 35112634 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.2024878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the age-specific incidence of esophageal cancer are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the age-stratified incidence, treatment, and survival trends of esophageal cancer in the Netherlands, with a focus on adults <50 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer were included from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry (1989-2018). Follow-up data were available until 31 December 2018. Annual percentage changes of incidence were analyzed according to age group (<50, 50-74, and ≥75 years) and histology type: adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Treatment trends and relative survival rates (RSR) were estimated by age and stage grouping. RESULTS A total 59,584 patients were included. In adults <50 years, EAC incidence tripled (mean increase per year: males 1.5%, females 3%), while the incidence of ESCC decreased (mean decrease per year: males -5.3%, females -4.3%). Patients <50 years more often presented with advanced disease stages compared to older patients and were more likely to receive multimodality treatments. Most patients <50 years with potentially curable disease were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared to patients 50-74 and ≥75 years (74% vs. 55% vs. 15%, respectively; p < .001), and received more frequent systemic therapy once staged with palliative disease (72% vs. 54% vs. 19%, respectively; p < .001). The largest RSR improvement was seen in patients <50 years with early-stage (five years: +47%), potentially curable (five years: +22%), and palliative disease (one year: +11%). Over time, a trend of increasing survival difference was seen between patients <50 and ≥75 years with potentially curable (five-year difference: 17% to 27%) and palliative disease (one-year difference: 11% to 20%). CONCLUSION The incidence of EAC is increasing in adults <50 years in the Netherlands. Differences in the use of multimodality treatments with curative or life-prolonging intent in different age categories may account for increasing survival gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Kaabi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaj S. Baranov
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J. Schoon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands and GROW: School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel Rosman
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob H. A. Verhoeven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Karpel HC, Chern JY, Smith J M, Smith A J, Pothuri B. Utility of germline multi-gene panel testing in patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:546-551. [PMID: 35483985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with germline mutations in mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) associated with Lynch syndrome (LS) have an increased lifetime risk of endometrial cancer (EC). Multi-gene panel testing (MGPT) is a recent hereditary cancer risk tool enabling next-generation sequencing of numerous genes in parallel. We determined the prevalence of actionable cancer predisposition gene mutations identified through MGPT in an EC patient cohort. METHODS A single center retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients with EC who had a clinical indication for genetic testing and who underwent MGPT as part of standard of care treatment between 2012 and 2021. Pathogenic mutations were identified and actionable mutations were defined as those with clinical management implications. Additionally, the number of individuals identified with LS was compared between MGPT and tumor-based screening. RESULTS The study included a total of 224 patients. Thirty-three patients [14.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.4-20.1] had actionable mutations. Twenty-one patients (9.4%, 95% CI = 5.9-14.0) had mutations in LS genes (4 MLH1, 5 MSH2, 7 MSH6, 4 PMS2, 1 Epcam-MSH2). MGPT revealed two patients with LS (9.5% of LS cases) not identified through routine tumor-based screening. Thirteen patients (5.8%, 95% CI = 3.1-9.7) had at least one actionable mutation in a non-Lynch syndrome gene (6 CHEK2, 2 BRCA2, 2 ATM, 2 APC, 1 RAD51C, 1 BRCA1). CONCLUSIONS Germline MGPT is both feasible and informative as it identifies LS cases not found on tumor testing as well as additional actionable mutations in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Karpel
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Marijuana use among US adults with cancer: findings from the 2018–2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. J Cancer Surviv 2022:10.1007/s11764-021-01138-z. [DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Assessing Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Therapeutic Effect for Glioblastoma Multiforme. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072643. [PMID: 35408257 PMCID: PMC9002887 DOI: 10.3390/s22072643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that Raman microscopy combined with computational analysis is a useful approach to discriminating accurately between brain tumor bio-specimens and to identifying structural changes in glioblastoma (GBM) bio-signatures after nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) administration. NDGA phenolic lignan was selected as a potential therapeutic agent because of its reported beneficial effects in alleviating and inhibiting the formation of multi-organ malignant tumors. The current analysis of NDGA's impact on GBM human cells demonstrates a reduction in the quantity of altered protein content and of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged phenylalanine; results that correlate with the ROS scavenger and anti-oxidant properties of NDGA. A novel outcome presented here is the use of phenylalanine as a biomarker for differentiating between samples and assessing drug efficacy. Treatment with a low NDGA dose shows a decline in abnormal lipid-protein metabolism, which is inferred by the formation of lipid droplets and a decrease in altered protein content. A very high dose results in cell structural and membrane damage that favors transformed protein overexpression. The information gained through this work is of substantial value for understanding NDGA's beneficial as well as detrimental bio-effects as a potential therapeutic drug for brain cancer.
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Wang H, Tsai YH, Dong YH, Liu JJ. Young adult cancer incidence trends in Taiwan and the U.S. from 2002 to 2016. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102144. [PMID: 35334356 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have not examined young adult cancer incidence trends in Taiwan, or comprehensively compared these trends at two nations with different population genetics, environmental exposures, and health care. Therefore, we compared the incidence rates and trends of the most common young adult cancers diagnosed at 20-39 years of age in Taiwan and the U.S. METHODS Incidence rates from 2002 to 2016 were calculated from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Datasets and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. For trend assessment, average annual percent change (AAPC) values were calculated from 15 years of data using Joinpoint Regression Program. We also obtained sex or age of diagnosis stratified estimates. RESULTS The age-standardized overall young adult cancer incidence rate significantly increased from 2002 to 2016 in both Taiwan (AAPC=1.1%, 95% CI: 0.8-1.5%) and the U.S. (AAPC=1.8%, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4%). Cancers with significantly decreasing trends in Taiwan included cancers of the nasopharynx, liver, and tongue, which were not among the most common young adult cancers in the U.S. Cancers with significantly increasing trends in both Taiwan and the U.S. included colorectal, thyroid, and female breast cancers. Lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and lung and bronchus cancer had significantly increasing trends in Taiwan but not in the U.S. Although cervical cancer had significantly decreasing trends in both nations among those 30-39 years of age, its trend was significantly increasing in Taiwan but decreasing in the U.S. among those 20-29 years of age. CONCLUSION The types of common young adult cancers as well as their incidence rates and trends differed in Taiwan and the U.S. Future studies should further understand the etiological factors driving these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Wang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tsai
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaa-Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason J Liu
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Scarpitti BT, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Clinton SK, Schultz ZD. In Vitro Imaging of Lycopene Delivery to Prostate Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5106-5112. [PMID: 35289593 PMCID: PMC8969194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to monitor the uptake and distribution of food nutrients in in vitro cell culture models is key to understanding the efficacy of these nutraceuticals to treat and prevent disease. Lycopene is a carotenoid found in chloroplasts and chromoplasts of tomatoes, providing the familiar red color, and a bioactive that inhibits prostate carcinogenesis. We employed live-cell Raman microscopy to visualize lycopene delivery from tween 80 micelles into PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The tween 80 micelle provides a mimic of natural lipoprotein complexes that deliver lycopene in vivo, overcomes the low aqueous solubility of lycopene and challenges replicating physiological uptake to cells, and provides a stable signal to assess cellular uptake of the nutraceutical formulation. The Raman images indicate subcellular localization of the lycopene within the cells. The lycopene Raman signal is resonantly enhanced at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, providing a convenient, sensitive, and label-free technique to detect and quantify lycopene uptake in living cells. Analysis of the acquired Raman spectra in the maps determines the concentration of lycopene at each point in the cell. In addition to the expected lycopene Raman signal, Raman scattering from the tween 80 vehicle is also mapped in the cells. The Raman data correlates with scattering features observed in darkfield microscopy images of the cells, which display the cell membrane and other features for reference. Overall, the Raman maps indicate lycopene likely accumulates in lipid membranes of cytoplasmic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Scarpitti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Moss JL, Pinto CN, Srinivasan S, Cronin KA, Croyle RT. Enduring Cancer Disparities by Persistent Poverty, Rurality, and Race: 1990-1992 to 2014-2018. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:829-836. [PMID: 35238347 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most persistent poverty counties are rural and contain high concentrations of racial minorities. Cancer mortality across persistent poverty, rurality, and race is understudied. METHODS We gathered data on race and cancer deaths (all sites; lung and bronchus; colorectal; liver and intrahepatic bile duct; oropharyngeal; breast and cervical [females]; and prostate [males]) from National Death Index (1990-1992; 2014-2018). We linked these data to county characteristics: a) persistent poverty or not and b) rural or urban. We calculated absolute (range difference) and relative (range ratio) disparities for each cancer mortality outcome across persistent poverty, rurality, race, and time. RESULTS The 1990-1992 range difference for all sites combined indicated persistent poverty counties had 12.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=11.37-14.09) excess deaths per 100,000 people/year compared to non-persistent poverty counties; the 2014-2018 range difference was 10.99 (95% CI = 10.22-11.77). Similarly, the 1990-1992 range ratio for all sites indicated mortality rates in persistent poverty counties were 1.06 (95% CI = 1.05-1.07) times as high as non-persistent poverty counties; the 2014-2018 range ratio was 1.07 (95% CI = 1.07-1.08). Between 1990-1992 and 2014-2018, absolute and relative disparities by persistent poverty widened for colorectal and breast cancers; however, for remaining outcomes, trends in disparities were stable or mixed. The highest mortality rates were observed among African American/Black residents of rural, persistent poverty counties for all sites, colorectal, oropharyngeal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancers. CONCLUSIONS Mortality disparities by persistent poverty endured over time for most cancer outcomes, particularly for racial minorities in rural, persistent poverty counties. Multisector interventions are needed to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Moss
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Boulahtouf Z, Virzì A, Baumert TF, Verrier ER, Lupberger J. Signaling Induced by Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Dependence and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052787. [PMID: 35269929 PMCID: PMC8911453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis is a main cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are striking similarities in the pathological impact of hepatitis B, C, and D, although these diseases are caused by very different viruses. Paired with the conventional study of protein-host interactions, the rapid technological development of -omics and bioinformatics has allowed highlighting the important role of signaling networks in viral pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an integrated look on the three major viruses associated with chronic viral hepatitis in patients, summarizing similarities and differences in virus-induced cellular signaling relevant to the viral life cycles and liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Alessia Virzì
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Eloi R. Verrier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu C, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Yu A. Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis-related genes and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 35232428 PMCID: PMC8886785 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) is a malignant disease with increasing incidence and high mortality. Ferroptosis is a new kind of cell death and related to tumor blood and lymphatic metastasis. This study aims at using bioinformatics technology to construct a prognostic signature and identify ferroptosis-related biomarkers to improve the prognosis and treatment of cutaneous melanoma. METHODS We used bioinformatics tools to analyze RNA sequencing expression data with clinical information from multiple databases, utilized varieties of statistical methods to construct a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature of cutaneous melanoma and screened out specific genes with independent prognostic ability. RESULTS We obtained 22 ferroptosis-related (P < 0.05) prognostic DEGs in the uniCox regression analysis, among which 10 high-expressed genes (ATG5, CHAC1, FANCD2, FBXL5, HMOX2, HSPB1, NQO1, PEBP1, PRNP, SLC3A2) were screened out by LASSO regression analysis to establish a predictive model. Meanwhile, the ferroptosis-related signature and the nomogram we drew performed an excellent performance based on Kaplan-Meier (K-M), Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves. Univariate and multivariable cox analyses displayed that our model was greater than other prognostic features. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that 10-biomarker signature was mainly related to epidermis differentiation and immunity. ssGSEA analysis indicated that the immune status between the two risk groups was highly different. Besides, we found that two genes (CP, ZEB1) had independent prognostic ability and can be applied for drug research. Both genes were highly related to immunity. GSEA illustrated that ZEB1 may be involved in cellular functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, while CP was closely connected to immune cell related functions. CONCLUSION The present study suggested a 10-biomarker signature can be clinically used to predict the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, which was better than conventional factors. CP and ZEB1 were independent prognostic genes and can be applied to guide treatment. In addition, ZEB1 mutation was highly related to overall survival in cutaneous melanoma, while CP may be associated with tumor progression. Our study comprehensively analyzed the relationship between iron metabolism, ferroptosis-related genes, and the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, provided new insight for molecular mechanisms and treatment of ferroptosis and cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults-a rapid review. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1374-1386. [PMID: 35132237 PMCID: PMC9090760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.
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Trends in the Incidence and Treatment of Early-Onset Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020283. [PMID: 35053447 PMCID: PMC8773833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is being diagnosed more frequently in younger individuals. However, limited insight exists into the magnitude of this increase, which subgroups are most affected, and which treatments are utilized in this population. In our study, we aimed to characterize which, and how, subgroups in the United States were affected by pancreatic cancer from 2000 to 2016. Additionally, we aimed to show which therapies were used to treat young patients with pancreatic cancer. Our findings provide valuable information regarding which subgroups face higher rates of this disease and what therapies have historically been used for treatment. Clinicians, scientists, policymakers, and the general population can use this information to develop programs to educate and identify individuals who are at risk for developing pancreatic cancer at an early age, as well as to study whether younger patients should be treated differently than older patients. Abstract Background: Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is relatively uncommon. It is unclear if the incidence of EOPC is evolving and how these patients are treated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based study using SEER 2004–2016. We evaluated annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR), stage at presentation, and race/ethnicity among 7802 patients plus treatment patterns in 7307 patients (excluding neuroendocrine tumors) younger than 50. Results: The AAIR was higher in males while the rate increased faster in females. The AAIR was highest in Non-Hispanic Black patients and increased for all races/ethnicities over time. The percentage of patients diagnosed with distant-stage disease decreased over time but increased for localized-stage disease. Hispanic patients made up a larger proportion of patients over time compared to other groups. For localized-stage disease, primary surgery alone was the most utilized modality of therapy. For regional-stage disease, chemotherapy with radiation was the most utilized modality from 2004–2010, whereas chemotherapy alone was the most utilized from 2011–2016. For distant-stage disease, chemotherapy alone was the most utilized and used increasingly over time. Patients with EOPC received radiation and chemotherapy at similar rates to, and underwent surgery more frequently, than patients 50–69. Conclusions: The AAIR of EOPC increased over time, faster so in females. Groups who experience a higher burden of pancreatic cancer, particularly African Americans, experienced a higher burden of EOPC. Treatment of localized and regional-stage disease did not follow standard treatment guidelines for pancreatic cancer. Our findings indicate that EOPC patients received more treatment than their older counterparts.
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Hickman AR, Hang Y, Pauly R, Feltus FA. Identification of condition-specific biomarker systems in uterine cancer. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6427626. [PMID: 34791179 PMCID: PMC8727964 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, projected to affect 66,000 US women in 2021. Uterine cancer often arises in the inner lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, but can present as several different types of cancer, including endometrioid cancer, serous adenocarcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. Previous studies have analyzed the genetic changes between normal and cancerous uterine tissue to identify specific genes of interest, including TP53 and PTEN. Here we used Gaussian Mixture Models to build condition-specific gene coexpression networks for endometrial cancer, uterine carcinosarcoma, and normal uterine tissue. We then incorporated uterine regulatory edges and investigated potential coregulation relationships. These networks were further validated using differential expression analysis, functional enrichment, and a statistical analysis comparing the expression of transcription factors and their target genes across cancerous and normal uterine samples. These networks allow for a more comprehensive look into the biological networks and pathways affected in uterine cancer compared with previous singular gene analyses. We hope this study can be incorporated into existing knowledge surrounding the genetics of uterine cancer and soon become clinical biomarkers as a tool for better prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Hickman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yuqing Hang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Rini Pauly
- Biomedical Data Science and Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Frank A Feltus
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Biomedical Data Science and Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- College of Science, Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Zheng T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang A. SPOCD1 regulated by miR-133a-3p promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis. J Int Med Res 2022. [PMCID: PMC8733378 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the tumorigenic role of spen paralogue and orthologue C-terminal domain-containing 1 (SPOCD1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify the upstream regulatory mechanism. Methods We analyzed SPOCD1 and miR-133-3p expression in normal and HCC tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas and UALCAN databases, and in normal hepatocytes and HCC cell lines by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We identified the miR-133a-3p-binding site on the SPOCD1 3ʹ-untranslated region using TargetScan. Hierarchical regulation was confirmed by luciferase assay and miR-133a-3p overexpression/silencing. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation were assessed by MTT, scratch, transwell, and clonogenic assays, respectively. Results SPOCD1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, while miR-133a-3p expression was significantly downregulated. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that high SPOCD1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival. TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay revealed that SPOCD1 was the downstream target of miR-133a-3p. Overexpression of miR-133a-3p significantly inhibited the expression of SPOCD1, while miR-133a-3p knockdown significantly increased SPOCD1 expression. Conclusion SPOCD1, regulated by miR-133a-3p, promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. This study provides the first evidence for the role of the miR-133a-3p/SPOCD1 axis in HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-562. [PMID: 35984634 PMCID: PMC9729163 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
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Lewandowska A, Rudzki G, Lewandowski T, Stryjkowska-Góra A, Rudzki S. Risk Factors for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748211056692. [PMID: 35000418 PMCID: PMC8753079 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211056692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer defined as cancer of the colon or rectum, is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women, and, according to the World Health Organization database GLOBOCAN, it accounts for nearly 1.4 million new cases annually worldwide. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is associated with nonmodifiable risk factors, including age and hereditary factors, as well as with modifiable environmental and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study included 800 patients, 400 diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 400 within the control group, who gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Patients with cancer other than colorectal cancer were randomly selected for control group I, and patients with no cancer diagnosis were selected for control group II. The method used was a case-control study - an observational and analytical study with a control group, conducted among patients of the Clinical Oncology Centre and the Provincial Hospital in the years 2019-2020. The study comparing the exposure was carried out in a group of people who developed the endpoint, that is colorectal cancer, with the exposure in a well-matched group of controls who did not reach the endpoint. Assessment of activity and BMI was used according to WHO recommendations, as well as the expert system. The data were tested for the distribution and the homogeneity of variance was validated before applying the parameter tests. Comparison of quantitative variables between groups was performed using ANOVA. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64.53 ± 8.86 years, of the control group I - 59.64 ± 9.33 and the control group II - 57.5 (7.83). There was a strong positive association between the incidence of ulcerative colitis and the risk of colorectal cancer (P < .01). Among obese subjects, the risk of developing colorectal cancer was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06-1.53) compared with nonobese subjects. A strong positive relationship was found between low physical activity converted to metabolic equivalent of MET effort per week and the risk of colorectal cancer (P < .001). The relative risk for current smokers was 2.17 (95% CI 1.79-2.66). There was an association between higher fat consumption and higher red meat consumption and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Obesity, low physical activity, active and passive smoking and high salt and red meat consumption have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings provide further evidence of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewandowska
- Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Jaroslaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rudzki
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lewandowski
- Institute of Technical Engineering, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Jaroslaw, Poland
| | | | - Sławomir Rudzki
- I Chair and Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Chen X, Fu R, Shao Q, Chen Y, Ye Q, Li S, He X, Zhu J. Application of artificial intelligence to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960056. [PMID: 35936738 PMCID: PMC9353734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide although substantial advancement has been made in its comprehensive treatment. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has allowed its clinical applications to expand remarkably in recent years. Diverse methods and algorithms are employed by AI to extrapolate new data from clinical records to aid in the treatment of PC. In this review, we will summarize AI's use in several aspects of PC diagnosis and therapy, as well as its limits and potential future research avenues. METHODS We examine the most recent research on the use of AI in PC. The articles are categorized and examined according to the medical task of their algorithm. Two search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used to screen the articles. RESULTS Overall, 66 papers published in 2001 and after were selected. Of the four medical tasks (risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction), diagnosis was the most frequently researched, and retrospective single-center studies were the most prevalent. We found that the different medical tasks and algorithms included in the reviewed studies caused the performance of their models to vary greatly. Deep learning algorithms, on the other hand, produced excellent results in all of the subdivisions studied. CONCLUSIONS AI is a promising tool for helping PC patients and may contribute to improved patient outcomes. The integration of humans and AI in clinical medicine is still in its infancy and requires the in-depth cooperation of multidisciplinary personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruibiao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Shao
- Department of Surgical Ward 1, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghuang Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongxiong He
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhui Zhu,
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Yiannakou I, Barber LE, Li S, Adams-Campbell LL, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Petrick JL. A Prospective Analysis of Red and Processed Meat Intake in Relation to Colorectal Cancer in the Black Women's Health Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:1254-1262. [PMID: 34910194 PMCID: PMC9071344 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black Americans have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. High intake of red and processed meats has been associated with an increased CRC risk in predominately White populations. However, 3 prior studies in Black populations, who have been reported to have high intakes of red and processed meats, have reported no associations. Data on a possible association between CRC risk and SFAs and MUFAs, the primary types of fat in red and processed meats, are inconclusive. OBJECTIVES We prospectively assessed intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat, SFAs, and MUFAs in relation to CRC risk, utilizing data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS, 1995-2018). METHODS Dietary data were derived from validated FFQs completed in 1995 and 2001. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among 52,695 BWHS participants aged 21-69 y at baseline and followed for ≤22 y, 564 women developed incident CRC. Unprocessed red meat intake was associated with a 33% increased CRC risk per 100 g/d (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.03-1.71). Examination of CRC anatomic sites revealed that unprocessed red meat was associated with 2-times increased rectal cancer risk (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.15-4.26). There was no evidence of an interaction with age (pinteraction = 0.4), but unprocessed red meat intake was only associated with a significant increased risk of late-onset CRC (≥50 y of age, HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05-1.88). Processed red meat and total SFA and MUFA intakes were not associated with CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Unprocessed red meat intake was associated with an increased CRC risk in the present study, the first positive evidence that red meat plays a role in the etiology of CRC in Black women. The findings suggest prevention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Yiannakou
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren E Barber
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
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Islami F, Ward EM, Sung H, Cronin KA, Tangka FKL, Sherman RL, Zhao J, Anderson RN, Henley SJ, Yabroff KR, Jemal A, Benard VB. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Part 1: National Cancer Statistics. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1648-1669. [PMID: 34240195 PMCID: PMC8634503 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on cancer incidence and mortality and trends by cancer type, sex, age group, and racial/ethnic group in the United States. In this report, we also examine trends in stage-specific survival for melanoma of the skin (melanoma). METHODS Incidence data for all cancers from 2001 through 2017 and survival data for melanoma cases diagnosed during 2001-2014 and followed-up through 2016 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- and National Cancer Institute-funded population-based cancer registry programs compiled by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Data on cancer deaths from 2001 to 2018 were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System. Trends in age-standardized incidence and death rates and 2-year relative survival were estimated by joinpoint analysis, and trends in incidence and mortality were expressed as average annual percent change (AAPC) during the most recent 5 years (2013-2017 for incidence and 2014-2018 for mortality). RESULTS Overall cancer incidence rates (per 100 000 population) for all ages during 2013-2017 were 487.4 among males and 422.4 among females. During this period, incidence rates remained stable among males but slightly increased in females (AAPC = 0.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1% to 0.2%). Overall cancer death rates (per 100 000 population) during 2014-2018 were 185.5 among males and 133.5 among females. During this period, overall death rates decreased in both males (AAPC = -2.2%, 95% CI = -2.5% to -1.9%) and females (AAPC = -1.7%, 95% CI = -2.1% to -1.4%); death rates decreased for 11 of the 19 most common cancers among males and for 14 of the 20 most common cancers among females, but increased for 5 cancers in each sex. During 2014-2018, the declines in death rates accelerated for lung cancer and melanoma, slowed down for colorectal and female breast cancers, and leveled off for prostate cancer. Among children younger than age 15 years and adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 years, cancer death rates continued to decrease in contrast to the increasing incidence rates. Two-year relative survival for distant-stage skin melanoma was stable for those diagnosed during 2001-2009 but increased by 3.1% (95% CI = 2.8% to 3.5%) per year for those diagnosed during 2009-2014, with comparable trends among males and females. CONCLUSIONS Cancer death rates in the United States continue to decline overall and for many cancer types, with the decline accelerated for lung cancer and melanoma. For several other major cancers, however, death rates continue to increase or previous declines in rates have slowed or ceased. Moreover, overall incidence rates continue to increase among females, children, and adolescents and young adults. These findings inform efforts related to prevention, early detection, and treatment and for broad and equitable implementation of effective interventions, especially among under resourced populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Ward
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Hyuna Sung
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cronin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florence K L Tangka
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Recinda L Sherman
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jingxuan Zhao
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert N Anderson
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vicki B Benard
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Saha S, Philimon B, Efeson M, Helina A, Elgamal M, Kiya G, Hilkiah S, Arora M, Wiese D, Kitagawa Y. The role of sentinel lymph node mapping in colon cancer: detection of micro-metastasis, effect on survival, and driver of a paradigm shift in extent of colon resection. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:109-115. [PMID: 34698993 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unlike in breast cancer and melanoma, sentinel lymph node mapping in colon cancer is primarily used as an aid to the pathologist for accurate nodal staging. The study was undertaken to review the incidence of micro-metastasis and its impact on survival when treated with chemotherapy. The study was also undertaken to see if SLNM could guide limited colon resection in early T stage tumor as a paradigm shift. SLNM was done by subserosal injection of a blue dye. SLNs were ultra-staged by multilevel sectioning and remaining Specimen was then examined by conventional method. For the last 245 patients the specimen was divied ex vivo into two segments as segment A containing the tumor bearing portion of the colon and SLNs with attached mesentery, while segment B include distal part of the colon with attached mesentery. Nodal staging was separately examined. Of the 354 Pts, SLNM was successful in 99.9% of Pts with an average no of SLN/ Pt = 2.8 and total nodes 17.8/pt. Survival was directly related negatively with stage and nodal status. Pts with +ve LN did much better with chemotherapy than without chemotherapy. With 245 Pts, specimen A Vs B, no Pts had +ve node in specimen B with -ve LN in specimen A. SLNM results in more node/Pt, more positive node/Pt ,and more micro-metastasis who when treated with chemotherapy survive longer. Limited segmental resection in early T stage is possible when done with guidance by SLNM without compromising biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukamal Saha
- McLaren Regional Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA.
| | - Bekele Philimon
- Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Malore Efeson
- Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Helina
- Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Gurmessa Kiya
- Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Suga Hilkiah
- Myungsung Christian Medical Center (MCM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Madan Arora
- McLaren Regional Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - David Wiese
- McLaren Regional Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
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Cioni G, Canini J. The side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on key public health elements - How the global emergency has changed the acute management of myocardial infarction and stroke, the network of cancer care, and assistance to frail individuals. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2021.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a primary health problem globally. In particular, it has caused troubles even to the advanced health systems of Western countrieswho attempted to limit the spread of the infection and manage patients with severe respiratory distress. However, this sudden contingency has had a much higher cost if we also consider the cost of suspending ordinary clinical care or delays in the emergency pathways of non-COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the policies applied to contain the contagion have exacerbated the socio-economic disparities of the population and isolated fragile patients, making them subject to clinical relapses or aggravation of chronic diseases. For this reason, the various specialist centers have equipped themselves to guarantee an effective therapeutic path. In this brief review, we have outlined some consequent repercussions on the management of acute and chronic cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases and on oncological treatment. In particular, we have described the effects of the current health reorganization on some acute and time-dependent diseases, such as stroke and acute coronary syndromes, in which therapeutic delay is potentially disabling or fatal. Furthermore, we have focused on cancer treatments, whose essential cornerstones are early screening and follow-up. Finally, the suffering of the local health network has led to a lack of continuity of care in fragile patients, such as psychiatric, marginalized, or multiple comorbid patients.
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Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Multifactorial causation of early onset colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6825-6834. [PMID: 34659571 PMCID: PMC8517991 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-hit hypothesis of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), states that neoplastic development requires a sequence of mutations and epigenetic changes in driver genes. We have previously proposed that obesity increases CRC risk by supporting neoplastic development through adipokine-induced signaling, and this proliferative signaling substitutes for specific driver gene mutations. In support of this hypothesis, analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mutation data have revealed that obese patients with microsatellite stable CRC exhibit fewer driver gene mutations than CRC patients with normal body mass index. The lower number of driver gene mutations required for cancer development may shorten the neoplastic process and lead to an early onset of CRC. Therefore, obesity could be one factor explaining the rise of CRC incidence among younger individuals (< 50 years of age); furthermore, early onset CRC has been associated with the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome and obesity in this age group. However, CRC incidence among older individuals (> 50 years of age) is stable or declining, despite the high rates of metabolic syndrome and obesity in this age group. In search for explanations of this phenomenon, we discuss several factors that may contribute to the divergent CRC incidence trends in populations under, and above, the age of 50, despite the rising levels of metabolic syndrome and obesity across all ages. First, older individuals with metabolic dysregulation are more frequently on maintenance medications, such as aspirin, β-blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, ACE inhibitors, metformin, etc., compared to younger individuals. Such treatments may suppress specific adipokine-induced proliferative signaling pathways, and therefore counteract and slow down neoplastic development in medicated overweight/obese individuals. Second, in the past decades, the incidence of infectious diseases accompanied by febrile episodes has been decreasing and the use of antipyretics increasing. Compared to normal cells, neoplastic cells are more sensitive to high body temperature; therefore, the decreased number of febrile episodes in childhood and adolescence may contribute to increased cancer incidence before the age of 50. Third, obesity at younger age may expand the stem cell compartment. An increased number of intestinal stem cells and stem cell divisions translates into a higher probability of sporadic mutations in the stem cells, and therefore, a greater chance of neoplasia. In conclusion, we hypothesize that early onset CRC has multifactorial causation and the proposed associations could be examined through analyses of existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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76
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Moss JL, Popalis M, Ramirez SI, Reedy-Cooper A, Ruffin MT. Disparities in Cancer Screening: The Role of County-Level Metropolitan Status and Racial Residential Segregation. J Community Health 2021; 47:168-178. [PMID: 34550504 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from cervical and colorectal cancers can be reduced through routine screening, which can often be accessed through primary care. However, uptake of screening in the US remains suboptimal, with disparities observed across geographic characteristics, such as metropolitan status or level of racial residential segregation. Little is known about the interaction of metropolitan status and segregation in their relationship with cancer screening. We conducted a quantitative survey of 474 women aged 45-65 in central Pennsylvania. The survey collected county-level characteristics and participant-level demographics, beliefs, cancer screening barriers, and cervical and colorectal cancer screening. We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to analyze relationships between metropolitan status and segregation with screening. For cervical cancer screening, 82.8% of participants were up-to-date, which did not differ by county type in the final analysis. Higher healthcare trust, higher cancer fatalism, and reporting cost as a barrier were associated with cervical cancer screening. For colorectal cancer screening, 55.4% of participants were up-to-date, which differed by county type. In metropolitan counties, segregation was not associated with colorectal cancer screening, but in non-metropolitan counties, segregation was associated with greater colorectal cancer screening. The relationship between metropolitan status and being up-to-date with colorectal, but not cervical, cancer screening varied by segregation. Other important beliefs and barriers to screening varied by county type. This research can guide future cancer screening interventions in primary care settings in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Moss
- Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 134 Sipe Ave., #205, MC HS72, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Madyson Popalis
- Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sarah I Ramirez
- Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexis Reedy-Cooper
- Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mack T Ruffin
- Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Ali H, Pamarthy R, Vallabhaneni M, Sarfraz S, Ali H, Rafique H. Pancreatic cancer incidence trends in the United States from 2000-2017: Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. F1000Res 2021; 10:529. [PMID: 34527218 PMCID: PMC8411275 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.54390.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent incidence trends of pancreatic cancers were reviewed by demographics and histologic type to observe any new findings. Methods: Data was used from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry 18 (2000-2017) and it underwent temporal trend analysis. Pancreatic cancer incidence rates were reported based on histological subtype and demographics. Results: The incidence rate of white males increased significantly during 2000-2017 (annual percent change (APC) = 3.5%) compared to previously reported APCs. The incidence of white females grew from an APC of 1.29% to 2.9%. Rates among black ethnicity increased with an APC of 4.2%. Rates among Hispanics and other ethnicities also showed increment. The rates for ductal adenocarcinoma showed a positive trend in all races, with the APC ≥ 6 % for females and APC ≥ 6.5 % for males. The rates of non-secretory endocrine tumors showed a decline in both genders of all five races in recent years after showing an initial positive trend till 2010. Rates for pancreatic adenocarcinoma continued to rise in all ethnicities from 2000-2017. Interestingly, there was a rise in carcinoid type pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in all ethnicities. Cumulatively, males had a higher incidence than females; male to female Incidence Risk Ratio (IRRs) was 1.32. The IRR was > 1 for age groups ≥ 35 years. The male to female IRRs was less than 1 for cystic adenocarcinoma, secretory endocrine, and solid pseudopapillary carcinomas (IRR = 0.5, 0.9, and 0.2 respectively, confidence intervals 0.4–0.6 and 0.9-1.3, 0.2–0.3, respectively). Conclusion: Pancreatic cancer incidence continued to rise in the years 2000-2017. However, incidence differed by demographics and histologic type. Interestingly, recent years discerned a rise in PNETs (carcinoid type) which has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA
| | - Rahul Pamarthy
- Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA
| | - Meghana Vallabhaneni
- Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834, USA
| | - Shiza Sarfraz
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, 42000, Pakistan
| | - Hadiqa Ali
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, 42000, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rafique
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, 42000, Pakistan
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78
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An Updated Comprehensive Review on Vitamin A and Carotenoids in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Genetics, Assessment, Current Evidence, and Future Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093162. [PMID: 34579037 PMCID: PMC8465379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and carotenoids are fat-soluble micronutrients that play important role as powerful antioxidants modulating oxidative stress and cancer development. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. As the risk of breast cancer is dependent on various lifestyle factors such as dietary modifications, there is increasing interest surrounding the anti-cancerous properties of vitamin A and carotenoids. Despite the suggested protective roles of vitamin A and carotenoids in breast cancer development, their clinical application for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer is limited. In this narrative review, we discuss the roles of vitamin A and carotenoids along with the evaluation method of vitamin A status. We also exhibit the association of genetic variations involved in metabolism of vitamin A and carotenoids with cancers and other diseases. We demonstrate the epidemiological evidence for the relationship of vitamin A and carotenoids with breast cancer risk, their effects on cancer mechanism, and the recent updates in clinical practice of vitamin A or carotenoids as a potential therapeutic agent against breast cancer. This review provides insight into the preventive and therapeutic roles of vitamin A and carotenoids in breast cancer development and progression.
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79
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Verma M, Paik JM, Younossi I, Tan D, Abdelaal H, Younossi ZM. The impact of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on patients' health-related quality of life. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6273-6281. [PMID: 34405568 PMCID: PMC8446553 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are known to have worse health‐related quality of life (HRQL) than the general population. However, the change in HRQL from before the diagnosis to after diagnosis remains unknown and is difficult to estimate. We aimed to compare HCC cases with matched controls to evaluate the differences in change in HRQL from before to after HCC diagnosis. Methods We performed propensity score‐matched analysis using the self‐reported HRQL data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries (SEER) data linked with Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) data (1998–2014). Cases were selected as Medicare beneficiaries (aged ≥65 years) who were diagnosed with HCC between their baseline assessment and follow‐up assessment. Matched controls were selected from the same data resource and the same time period to include subjects without cancer diagnosis by propensity scores. HRQL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36). Results The study included 62 subjects who developed HCC and 365 matched controls. Compared to their baseline HRQL scores, after diagnosis of HCC, subjects were more likely to report declines in scores related to the mental component of HRQL. When stratified by time since diagnosis, mental component remained significantly lower as the disease advanced. In contrast, only general health aspects of physical health worsened after HCC diagnosis. Conclusions Diagnosis of HCC has a profound negative impact on patients’ HRQL. Mental health component deteriorated significantly over time. The need of including mental health services within a multidisciplinary HCC care model is clearly evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Verma
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Inova Medicine, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - James M Paik
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Issah Younossi
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington DC, USA
| | - Daisong Tan
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Hala Abdelaal
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Inova Medicine, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington DC, USA
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80
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Palmer KNB, Rivers PS, Melton FL, McClelland DJ, Hatcher J, Marrero DG, Thomson CA, Garcia DO. Health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in U.S. barbershops and hair salons- a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1553. [PMID: 34399723 PMCID: PMC8365990 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American adults suffer disproportionately from obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. In order to close the gap in these health disparities, efforts to develop and test culturally appropriate interventions are critical. METHODS A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons. Subject headings and keywords used to search for synonyms of 'barbershops,' 'hair salons,' and 'African Americans' identified all relevant articles (from inception onwards) from six databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index). Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (> 18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons that evaluated interventions focused on risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes were included. Analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS Fourteen studies met criteria for inclusion. Ten studies hosted interventions in a barbershop setting while four took place in hair salons. There was substantial variability among interventions and outcomes with cancer the most commonly studied disease state (n = 7; 50%), followed by hypertension (n = 5; 35.7%). Most reported outcomes were focused on behavior change (n = 10) with only four studies reporting clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion interventions delivered in barbershops/hair salons show promise for meeting cancer screening recommendations and managing hypertension in African Americans. More studies are needed that focus on diabetes and obesity and utilize the hair salon as a site for intervention delivery. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020159050 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. B. Palmer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Patrick S. Rivers
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Forest L. Melton
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - D. Jean McClelland
- Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jennifer Hatcher
- Division of Public Health Practice, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 550 E. Van Buren Street, UA Phoenix Plaza Building 1, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA
| | - David G. Marrero
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - David O. Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
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81
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Doubleday AR, Novin S, Long KL, Schneider DF, Sippel RS, Pitt SC. Online Information for Treatment for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer: Assessment of Timeliness, Content, Quality, and Readability. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2021; 36:850-857. [PMID: 32108292 PMCID: PMC11014722 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Internet is a key source of health information, yet little is known about resources for low-risk thyroid cancer treatment. We examined the timeliness, content, quality, readability, and reference to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines in websites about thyroid cancer treatment. We identified the top 60 websites using Google, Bing, and Yahoo for "thyroid cancer." Timeliness and content analysis identified updates in the ATA guidelines (n = 6) and engaged a group of stakeholders to develop essential items (n = 29) for making treatment decisions. Website quality and readability analysis used 4 validated measures: DISCERN; Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria; Health on the Net Foundation certification (HONcode); and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) method. Of the 60 websites, 22 were unique and investigated. Content analysis revealed zero websites contained all updates from the ATA guidelines and rarely (18.2%) referenced them. Only 31.8% discussed all 3 treatment options: total thyroidectomy, lobectomy, and active surveillance. Websites discussed 28.2% of the 29 essential items for making treatment decisions. Quality analysis with DISCERN showed "fair" scores overall. Only 29.9% of the JAMA benchmarks were satisfied, and 40.9% were HONcode certified. Readability analysis with the SAM method found adequate readability, yet 90.9% scored unsuitable in literacy demand. The overall timeliness, content, quality, and readability of websites about low-risk thyroid cancer treatment is fair and needs improvement. Most websites lack updates from the 2015 ATA guidelines and information about treatment options that are necessary to make informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Doubleday
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Sherwin Novin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Kristin L Long
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - David F Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Rebecca S Sippel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Susan C Pitt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Velie EM, Marcus LR, Pathak DR, Hamilton AS, DiGaetano R, Klinger R, Gollapudi B, Houang R, Carnegie N, Olson LK, Allen A, Zhang Z, Modjesk D, Norman G, Lucas DR, Gupta S, Rui H, Schwartz K. Theory, methods, and operational results of the Young Women's Health History Study: a study of young-onset breast cancer incidence in Black and White women. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:1129-1148. [PMID: 34292440 PMCID: PMC8416838 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The etiology of young-onset breast cancer (BC) is poorly understood, despite its greater likelihood of being hormone receptor-negative with a worse prognosis and persistent racial and socioeconomic inequities. We conducted a population-based case–control study of BC among young Black and White women and here discuss the theory that informed our study, exposures collected, study methods, and operational results. Methods Cases were non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) women age 20–49 years with invasive BC in metropolitan Detroit and Los Angeles County SEER registries 2010–2015. Controls were identified through area-based sampling from the U.S. census and frequency matched to cases on study site, race, and age. An eco-social theory of health informed life-course exposures collected from in-person interviews, including socioeconomic, reproductive, and energy balance factors. Measured anthropometry, blood (or saliva), and among cases SEER tumor characteristics and tumor tissue (from a subset of cases) were also collected. Results Of 5,309 identified potentially eligible cases, 2,720 sampled participants were screened and 1,812 completed interviews (682 NHB, 1140 NHW; response rate (RR): 60%). Of 24,612 sampled control households 18,612 were rostered, 2,716 participants were sampled and screened, and 1,381 completed interviews (665 NHB, 716 NHW; RR: 53%). Ninety-nine% of participants completed the main interview, 82% provided blood or saliva (75% blood only), and SEER tumor characteristics (including ER, PR and HER2 status) were obtained from 96% of cases. Conclusions Results from the successfully established YWHHS should expand our understanding of young-onset BC etiology overall and by tumor type and identify sources of racial and socioeconomic inequities in BC. Supplementary Information The online version of this article contains supplementary material available (10.1007/s10552-021-01461-x).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Velie
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of WI - Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA. .,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Lydia R Marcus
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of WI - Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Dorothy R Pathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road Room B601, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | | | - Ron Klinger
- Westat Inc., 1650 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bibi Gollapudi
- Westat Inc., 1650 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Richard Houang
- Department of Education, Michigan State University, 620 Farm Ln, East Lancing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicole Carnegie
- Department of Mathematics, Montana State University, 732 Grant St, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Amani Allen
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code: KCRB-PROS, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Denise Modjesk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Norman
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, 4841 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Darek R Lucas
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of WI - Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Research Informatics Core, University of Southern California Norris Cancer Center, NRT LG507, 1450 Biggy St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank RD., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 3939 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Pinheiro PS, Medina HN, Koru-Sengul T, Qiao B, Schymura M, Kobetz EN, Schlumbrecht MP. Endometrial Cancer Type 2 Incidence and Survival Disparities Within Subsets of the US Black Population. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699577. [PMID: 34354948 PMCID: PMC8329656 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometrial cancer type 2 (EC2) carries a worse prognosis compared to EC type 1. EC2 disproportionately affects Black women among whom incidence is higher and survival is poorer compared to Whites. Here we assessed EC2 incidence and survival patterns among US Black ethnic groups: US-born Blacks (UBB), Caribbean-born Blacks (CBB), and Black Hispanics (BH). Methods We analyzed population-based data (n=24,387) for the entire states of Florida and New York (2005–2016). Hysterectomy-corrected EC2 incidence rates were computed by racial-ethnic group, and survival disparities were examined using Cox regression adjusting for tumor characteristics, poverty level, and insurance status. Results EC2 incidence rates were highest among UBB (24.4 per 100,000), followed by CBB (18.2), Whites (11.1), and Hispanics of all races (10.1). Compared to Whites, the age-adjusted cause-specific survival was worse for non-Hispanic Blacks (aHR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.52–1.71) and Hispanics of all races (aHR:1.09; 95% CI:1.01–1.18). In relation to Whites, survival was worse for non-Hispanic Blacks: UBB (aHR:1.62; 95%CI 1.52–1.74) and CBB (aHR:1.59; 95% CI:1.44–1.76) than for BH (aHR:1.30; 95% CI:1.05–1.61). Surgical resection was associated with a lower risk of death, while carcinosarcoma subtype and advanced stage at diagnosis were associated with a greater risk. Conclusions Although higher EC2 incidence and lower survival are observed among all African-descent groups, there are significant intra-racial differences among UBB, CBB, and BH. This heterogeneity in EC2 patterns among Black populations suggests an interplay between genetic and socioenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Pinheiro
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Heidy N Medina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tulay Koru-Sengul
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Baozhen Qiao
- New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Maria Schymura
- New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Erin N Kobetz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew P Schlumbrecht
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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84
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Elpek GO. Molecular pathways in viral hepatitis-associated liver carcinogenesis: An update. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4890-4917. [PMID: 34307543 PMCID: PMC8283590 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of cancer among primary malignant tumors of the liver and is a consequential cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent years, uncovering the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and behavior of this tumor has led to the identification of multiple potential treatment targets. Despite the vast amount of data on this topic, HCC remains a challenging tumor to treat due to its aggressive behavior and complex molecular profile. Therefore, the number of studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in both carcinogenesis and tumor progression in HCC continues to increase. In this context, the close association of HCC with viral hepatitis has led to numerous studies focusing on the direct or indirect involvement of viruses in the mechanisms contributing to tumor development and behavior. In line with these efforts, this review was undertaken to highlight the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) participate in oncogenesis and tumor progression in HCC and summarize new findings. Cumulative evidence indicates that HBV DNA integration promotes genomic instability, resulting in the overexpression of genes related to cancer development, metastasis, and angiogenesis or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, genetic variations in HBV itself, especially preS2 deletions, may play a role in malignant transformation. Epigenetic dysregulation caused by both viruses might also contribute to tumor formation and metastasis by modifying the methylation of DNA and histones or altering the expression of microRNAs. Similarly, viral proteins of both HBV and HCV can affect pathways that are important anticancer targets. The effects of these two viruses on the Hippo-Yap-Taz pathway in HCC development and behavior need to be investigated. Additional, comprehensive studies are also needed to determine these viruses' interaction with integrins, farnesoid X, and the apelin system in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Although the relationship of persistent inflammation caused by HBV and HCV hepatitis with carcinogenesis is well defined, further studies are warranted to decipher the relationship among inflammasomes and viruses in carcinogenesis and elucidate the role of virus-microbiota interactions in HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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85
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Kim SR, Maganti M, Bernardini MQ, Laframboise S, Ferguson SE, May T. Efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy as compared to intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 157:59-66. [PMID: 34214187 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy compared to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. METHODS Toxicity profiles, recurrence patterns, and long-term survival outcomes of 271 women with Stage IIIC or IV high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) treated with primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant IP or IV chemotherapy during 2001-2015 were reviewed. RESULTS Women who received IP chemotherapy (n = 91) were more likely to have undergone aggressive and longer surgery with no residual disease compared to the IV arm (n = 180). Chemotherapy-related toxicities were comparable between the two groups. Extraperitoneal recurrences were more common in the IP arm compared to the IV arm. Five-year progression-free survival was 19% versus 18% (P = 0.63) and overall survival was 73% versus 44% (P < 0.01) in the IP versus IV arms, respectively. After adjustment for significant clinicopathologic factors in a multivariable model, use of IP was no longer a statistically significant predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSION IP chemotherapy in advanced HGSC has not been widely adopted due to concerns about toxicity and inconvenience. Use of IP chemotherapy was associated with comparable safety profile and efficacy to IV chemotherapy in women with Stage IIIC/IV HGSC. Recurrences were more likely to be extraperitoneal with IP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Rachel Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manjula Maganti
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Laframboise
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Ferguson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taymaa May
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network/Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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86
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Chandan S, Arora S, Mohan BP, Khan SR, Chandan OC, Kassab LL, Murali AR. Multimedia based education on bowel preparation improves adenoma detection rate: Systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:730-740. [PMID: 32794240 DOI: 10.1111/den.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer worldwide. Studies have shown a strong association between screening colonoscopy and a reduced risk of death from colorectal cancers. The incidence of poor bowel preparation has been reported in up to 25% cases. We conducted a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of patient education using multimedia platforms on adenoma detection rate and adequacy of bowel preparation. METHODS Multiple databases were searched through May 2020 for studies that reported the efficacy of multimedia education (smartphone app and online audio-visual aids) in improving quality of bowel preparation and its effect on adenoma detection rate (ADR). Meta-analysis was performed to determine whether multimedia based patient education (MM) helps improve ADR and bowel preparation quality as compared to controls (CT). RESULTS We included 13 randomized controlled trials with a total of 3754 patients. Eight studies reported outcomes on ADR and 12 reported on adequacy of bowel preparation. Overall ADR was higher in patients receiving multimedia based education as compared to CT (risk ratio (RR) 1.25, confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.56, P = 0.04). A higher proportion of patients receiving multimedia based education achieved adequate bowel preparation (RR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.3, P = 0.001). In patients with mean age over 50 years, ADR was better in MM cohort as compared to controls (RR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.6, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Pre-colonoscopy patient education using multimedia based platforms seems to improve ADR and the adequacy of bowel preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Sumant Arora
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Babu P Mohan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Shahab R Khan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Ojasvini C Chandan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | | | - Arvind R Murali
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Santiago I, Barata MJ, Figueiredo N, Parés O, Matos C. Early conformational changes at tumour bed and long term response after neoadjuvant therapy in locally-advanced rectal cancer. Eur J Radiol 2021; 140:109742. [PMID: 33971571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate how changes in tumour scar depth angle and thickness in the post-neoadjuvant period relate to long-term response in locally-advanced rectal cancer patients. METHODS Informed consent was obtained from all patients and institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Sixty-nine consecutive locally-advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and were selected for "Watch-and-Wait" were enrolled. Two radiologists, O1 and O2, blindly and independently reviewed the 1st and 2nd post-neoadjuvant therapy pelvic MRI T2-weighted images and recorded depth angle and thickness of the tumour scar. Value changes were calculated by simple subtraction (2nd-1st). Mann-Whitney U test was employed to assess for significant differences between sustained clinical complete responders (SCR), defined as patients with pathologic complete response or clinical complete response with a minimum follow-up of 1 year; and non-sustained complete responders (non-SCR). Interobserver agreement was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data on mrTRG, DWI and endoscopy at 1st and 2nd timepoints were retrieved for comparison. RESULTS In SCR, depth angle change between 1st (med = 10 weeks after end of radiotherapy) and 2nd (med = 23 weeks after end of radiotherapy) timepoints was significantly different (O1:p = 0.004; O2:p = 0.010): the SCR group showed a depth angle reduction (O1:med=-4.45; O2:med=-2.35), whereas non-SCRs showed a depth angle increase (O1:med=+2.60; O2:med=+7.40). Also, at 2nd timepoint, SCR scars were significantly thinner both for O1 (p = 0.003; SCR:med = 7.05 mm; non-SCR:med = 9.4 mm) and O2 (p = 0.006; SCR:med = 6.45 mm; non-SCR:med = 8.2 mm). A depth angle increase >21º between 1st and 2nd timepoints and a scar thickness >10 mm at 2nd timepoint were not sensitive but were highly specific for a non-SCR (91/94 %) for both observers. Interobserver agreement was good for scar depth angle change (ICC = 0.65) and excellent for scar thickness at 2nd timepoint (ICC = 0.84). Of the retrieved data, only DWI at 2nd timepoint was discriminative (p = 0.043) providing a similar sensitivity (33 %) and a slightly lower specificity (87.5 %). CONCLUSION Tumour scar expansion >21° between 1st and 2nd post-neoadjuvancy MRI and a scar thickness >10 mm at 2nd post-neoadjuvancy MRI may consistently indicate a non-SCR with high specificity in locally-advanced rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Santiago
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisbon, 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Maria-João Barata
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Oriol Parés
- Radiation Oncology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Celso Matos
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida Brasília, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
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88
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Asare EA, Swami U, Stewart JH. Landmark Series on Disparities in Surgical Oncology: Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6986-6993. [PMID: 34191178 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the lifetime risk of melanoma is disproportionately higher in whites, blacks have a poorer overall survival with an absolute survival difference of 25%. Significant progress has been made in melanoma treatment in the past decade; however, these successes may not be available or accessible to all segments of the population. METHODS In this review, we highlight important studies in melanoma as well as informative retrospective studies from databases and nonmelanoma cancers where appropriate. RESULTS There are no level I evidence-based studies on disparities in melanoma, and most likely there will never be, but the studies presented herein and clinical experience demonstrate that disparities in clinical outcomes from melanoma exists. CONCLUSIONS By becoming aware of the disparities, we can help mitigate them by engagement, education, and corrective and empowering actions through awareness campaigns, appropriate clinical trial design, encouraging participation in clinical trials, increasing the diversity of providers, and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot A Asare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Intermountain Healthcare Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Umang Swami
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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89
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Sun Exposure, Tanning Behaviors, and Sunburn: Examining Activities Associated With Harmful Ultraviolet Radiation Exposures in College Students. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:425-440. [PMID: 34155576 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the behaviors that lead to sunburn is an important objective toward developing intervention strategies to reduce risk for skin cancers. Our cross-sectional study surveyed 400 college students aged 18 and older at a public state university in the northeastern US in 2018 to assess tanning behaviors, outdoor activities, sun protection, and sunburn over the past year. Sunburn was exceedingly common; over half reported one or more sunburns in the past 12 months. Outdoor intentional and unintentional tanning were also common. Male sex, White race, sun sensitive skin type, and outdoor intentional and unintentional tanning were independently associated with increased odds of sunburn. Water and non-water sports, sunbathing, and vacations were also associated with sunburn. These results indicate that tanning and outdoor activities such as sports are important behaviors on which to focus for sunburn prevention among college students. Understanding the behaviors that are associated with sunburn provides useful opportunities to prevent skin cancer among young people.
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90
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Xu J, Wang X, Chen M, Shi Y, Hu Y. Family interaction among young Chinese breast cancer survivors. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:122. [PMID: 34154539 PMCID: PMC8218435 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Family interaction is an important factor contributing to the quality of survivorship among breast cancer survivors. The dearth of studies involving young females with breast cancer has limited the understanding of family interaction in this increasingly large population. Methods The aim of this study was to explore family interaction patterns among young Chinese breast cancer survivors. We conducted in-depth interviews with seventeen young breast cancer survivors (YBCSs) in China between May 2019 and December 2019. A content analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of family interaction in this population. Conceptualizations of feminism and social support were used to guide the data analysis. Results Family interaction patterns were categorized into 5 domains from the perceptions of Chinese YBCSs: (1) adjustment of parenthood (changes in child-rearing approaches, perception of children’s care) (2) ambivalence towards intimacy (desire for intimate relationships, perceived relationship insecurity); (3) concerns regarding fertility; (4) return to work (coping with gratitude and guilt by working, readapting to family and society by working); (5) activation of the support system in a large family (instrumental support from core family members, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support from relatives). Conclusions The study provides a deeper understanding of the interactions between young breast cancer survivors and their family members in China. These findings can support health professionals in developing female-sensitive, culturally specific interventions to assist Chinese YBCSs and their families in increasing positive interactions and family resilience as well as quality of life. In addition, the findings are highly applicable to other female cancer survivors and their vulnerable families exposed to similar social and cultural contexts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-021-01476-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiwen Shi
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Hu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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91
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Smith CB, Days LC, Alajroush DR, Faye K, Khodour Y, Beebe SJ, Holder AA. Photodynamic Therapy of Inorganic Complexes for the Treatment of Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:17-41. [PMID: 34121188 DOI: 10.1111/php.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medicinal tool that uses a photosensitizer and a light source to treat several conditions, including cancer. PDT uses reactive oxygen species such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) to induce cell death in cancer cells. Chemotherapy has historically utilized the cytotoxic effects of many metals, especially transition metal complexes. However, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment so all cells in a patient's body are exposed to the same cytotoxic effects. Transition metal complexes have also shown high cytotoxicity as PDT agents. PDT is a potential localized method for treating several cancer types by using inorganic complexes as photosensitizing agents. This review covers several in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials that reported on the anticancer properties of inorganic pharmaceuticals used in PDT against different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Lindsay C Days
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Duaa R Alajroush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Khadija Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Centre for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alvin A Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Ping S, Wang S, He J, Chen J. Identification and Validation of Immune-Related lncRNA Signature as a Prognostic Model for Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:667-681. [PMID: 34113151 PMCID: PMC8184246 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s310299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most aggressive skin cancer that results in high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Immune-related long non-coding RNAs (IRlncRs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in tumors. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify IRlncRs signature that could predict prognosis and therapeutic targets for melanoma irrespective of the gene expression levels. Methods RNA-sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). IRlncRs were identified using co-expression analysis and recognized using univariate analysis. The impact of IRlncRs on survival was analyzed using a modified least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model. A 1-year survival receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed, and the area under the curve was calculated to identify the optimal cut-off point to distinguish between high and low-risk groups in patients with SKCM. Furthermore, integrative analysis was performed to identify the impact of clinicopathological features, chemotherapeutic treatment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and mutant genes on survival. Results A total of 28 IRlncRs significantly associated with survival were identified. Seventeen IRlncRs pairs were used to build a survival risk model that could be used to distinguish between low and high-risk groups. The high-risk group was negatively associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and had a higher half inhibitory centration for chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and vinblastine. Additionally, the high-risk group had a positive correlation with the expression of specific mutant genes such as BRAF and KIT. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that some IRlncRs have a significant correlation with survival and therapeutic targets for SKCM patients and may provide new insight into the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghai Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
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The Role of Ceramide Metabolism and Signaling in the Regulation of Mitophagy and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102475. [PMID: 34069611 PMCID: PMC8161379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sphingolipids are membrane-associated lipids that are involved in signal transduction pathways regulating cell death, growth, and migration. In cancer cells, sphingolipids regulate pathways relevant to cancer therapy, such as invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and lethal mitophagy. Notable sphingolipids include ceramide, a sphingolipid that induces death and lethal mitophagy, and sphingosine-1 phosphate, a sphingolipid that induces survival and chemotherapeutic resistance. These sphingolipids participate in regulating the process of mitophagy, where cells encapsulate damaged mitochondria in double-membrane vesicles (called autophagosomes) for degradation. Lethal mitophagy is an anti-tumorigenic mechanism mediated by ceramide, where cells degrade many mitochondria until the cancer cell dies in an apoptosis-independent manner. Abstract Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids responsible for regulating diverse cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, senescence, and death. These lipids are characterized by a long-chain sphingosine backbone amide-linked to a fatty acyl chain with variable length. The length of the fatty acyl chain is determined by specific ceramide synthases, and this fatty acyl length also determines the sphingolipid’s specialized functions within the cell. One function in particular, the regulation of the selective autophagy of mitochondria, or mitophagy, is closely regulated by ceramide, a key regulatory sphingolipid. Mitophagy alterations have important implications for cancer cell proliferation, response to chemotherapeutics, and mitophagy-mediated cell death. This review will focus on the alterations of ceramide synthases in cancer and sphingolipid regulation of lethal mitophagy, concerning cancer therapy.
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Photosensitizing Medications and Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102344. [PMID: 34066301 PMCID: PMC8152064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in the United States (US) despite scientific advances in our understanding of skin cancer risk factors and treatments. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence that suggests that certain photosensitizing medications (PSMs) increase skin cancer risk. This review summarizes current epidemiological evidence on the association between common PSMs and skin cancer. (2) A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify meta-analyses, observational studies and clinical trials that report on skin cancer events in PSM users. The associated risks of keratinocyte carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) and melanoma are summarized, for each PSM. (3) There are extensive reports on antihypertensives and statins relative to other PSMs, with positive and null findings, respectively. Fewer studies have explored amiodarone, metformin, antimicrobials and vemurafenib. No studies report on the individual skin cancer risks in glyburide, naproxen, piroxicam, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and nalidixic acid users. (4) The research gaps in understanding the relationship between PSMs and skin cancer outlined in this review should be prioritized because the US population is aging. Thus the number of patients prescribed PSMs is likely to continue to rise.
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Popovici D, Oprean C, Săftescu S, Negru A, Munteanu M, Stanca HT, Teodoru A, Stanca S, Negru Ș. Comparative hematological profiles for dose-dense vs. regular anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:747. [PMID: 34055062 PMCID: PMC8138269 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine both the feasibility and toxicity of neoadjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy in women with non-metastatic breast cancer. A search within the OncoHelp Association breast cancer database has been performed in order to identify all non-metastatic breast cancer patients who underwent an initial consultation with a medical oncologist between March 2016 and April 2020. The inclusion criteria used were: i) Age, ii) follow-up care obtained at OncoHelp Association, iii) the intent to treat with a neoadjuvant dose-dense anthracycline every two weeks for four cycles (C1-C4) followed by paclitaxel every two weeks for four cycles, with white blood cell growth factor support, and iv) regular anthracycline-based chemotherapy every three weeks for four cycles, followed by paclitaxel every three weeks for four cycles, v) weight, vi) height, vii) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, viii) hemoglobin (Hb) level, ix) Platelet count and x) neutrophil count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorel Popovici
- Department of Oncology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Oprean
- Department of Pathology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Săftescu
- Department of Oncology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Negru
- Department of Cardiology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihnea Munteanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Horia T Stanca
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Teodoru
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Lucian Blaga' University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Simona Stanca
- Department of Pediatrics, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Șerban Negru
- Department of Oncology, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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96
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Song S, Duan Y, Huang J, Wong MCS, Chen H, Trisolini MG, Labresh KA, Smith SC, Jin Y, Zheng ZJ. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Premature Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Counties During 1999 to 2018. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1375-1386. [PMID: 33947656 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in premature cancer mortality by cancer types, and evaluated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and premature cancer mortality by cancer types. METHODS Using multiple databases, cancer mortality was linked to SES and other county characteristics. The outcome measure was cancer mortality among adults ages 25-64 years in 3,028 U.S. counties, from 1999 to 2018. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were calculated as a concentration index (CI) by income (annual median household income), educational attainment (% with bachelor's degree or higher), and unemployment rate. A hierarchical linear mixed model and dominance analyses were used to investigate SES associated with county-level mortality. The analyses were also conducted by cancer types. RESULTS CIs of SES factors varied by cancer types. Low-SES counties showed increasing trends in mortality, while high-SES counties showed decreasing trends. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among high-SES counties were larger than those among low-SES counties. SES explained 25.73% of the mortality. County-level cancer mortality was associated with income, educational attainment, and unemployment rate, at -0.24 [95% (CI): -0.36 to -0.12], -0.68 (95% CI: -0.87 to -0.50), and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92-2.07) deaths per 100,000 population with one-unit SES factors increase, respectively, after controlling for health care environment and population health. CONCLUSIONS SES acts as a key driver of premature cancer mortality, and socioeconomic inequalities differ by cancer types. IMPACT Focused efforts that target socioeconomic drivers of mortalities and inequalities are warranted for designing cancer-prevention implementation strategies and control programs and policies for socioeconomically underprivileged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yuqi Duan
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Sidney C Smith
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yinzi Jin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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97
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Zhang B, Long Q, Wu S, Xu Q, Song S, Han L, Qian M, Ren X, Liu H, Jiang J, Guo J, Zhang X, Chang X, Fu Q, Lam EWF, Campisi J, Kirkland JL, Sun Y. KDM4 Orchestrates Epigenomic Remodeling of Senescent Cells and Potentiates the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:454-472. [PMID: 34263179 PMCID: PMC8277122 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence restrains the expansion of neoplastic cells through several layers of regulation. We report that the histone H3-specific demethylase KDM4 is expressed as human stromal cells undergo senescence. In clinical oncology, upregulated KDM4 and diminished H3K9/H3K36 methylation correlate with poorer survival of prostate cancer patients post-chemotherapy. Global chromatin accessibility mapping via ATAC-seq, and expression profiling through RNA-seq, reveal global changes of chromatin openness and spatiotemporal reprogramming of the transcriptomic landscape, which underlie the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Selective targeting of KDM4 dampens the SASP of senescent stromal cells, promotes cancer cell apoptosis in the treatment-damaged tumor microenvironment (TME), and prolongs survival of experimental animals. Our study supports dynamic changes of H3K9/H3K36 methylation during senescence, identifies an unusually permissive chromatin state, and unmasks KDM4 as a key SASP modulator. KDM4 targeting presents a novel therapeutic avenue to manipulate cellular senescence and limit its contribution to age-related pathologies including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilai Long
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qixia Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuling Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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98
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Hosoe N, Limpias Kamiya KJL, Hayashi Y, Sujino T, Ogata H, Kanai T. Current status of colon capsule endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:529-537. [PMID: 32542702 DOI: 10.1111/den.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While both the annual incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are slowly but steadily decreasing in the United States, the incidence of such malignancy is increasing in Japan. Thus, controlling colorectal cancer in Japan is a major concern. In 2006, colon capsule endoscopy was first introduced by Eliakim et al. First-generation colon capsule endoscopy had a moderate sensitivity for detecting polyps of more than 6 mm. Thus, second-generation colon capsule endoscopy was developed to achieve higher sensitivity. Colonoscopy is the gold standard tool for colorectal cancer surveillance. With an improvement in the imaging function, the performance of second-generation colon capsule endoscopy is almost as satisfactory as that of colonoscopy. Certain situations, such as incomplete colonoscopy and contraindication for use of sedation, can benefit from colon capsule endoscopy. Colon capsule endoscopy requires a more extensive bowel preparation than colonoscopy and computed tomography colonography because it requires laxatives not only for bowel cleansing but also for promoting the excretion of the capsule. Another problem with colon capsule endoscopy includes the burden of reading and interpretation and overlook of the lesions. Currently, the development of automatic diagnosis of colon capsule endoscopy using artificial intelligence is still under progress. Although the available guidelines do not support the use of colon capsule endoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease, the possible application of colon capsule endoscopy is ulcerative colitis. This review article summarizes and focuses on the current status of colon capsule endoscopy for colorectal cancer screening and the possibility for its applicability on inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji J L Limpias Kamiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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99
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Zhang T, Li W, Gu M, Wang Z, Zhou S, Hao X, Li W, Xu S. Clinical Significance of miR-183-3p and miR-182-5p in NSCLC and Their Correlation. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3539-3550. [PMID: 33953608 PMCID: PMC8089025 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s305179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating evidence has indicated that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of miR-183-3p and miR-182-5p, and the role of miR-183-3p in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Patients and Methods Seventy-six NSCLC patients from Beijing Chest Hospital were included. The expression of miR-183-3p and miR-182-5p was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then, cell growth curve assays and colony formation assays were performed. Bioinformatics analysis of TCGA database was performed to explore the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value. Results miR-183-3p and miR-182-5p were significantly increased in NSCLC tumor tissues (both P < 0.0001) and were positively correlated (r = 0.8519, P < 0.0001). miR-183-3p (P = 0.0444) and miR-182-5p (P = 0.0132) were correlated with tumor size. In addition, miR-183-3p (P = 0.0135) and miR-182-5p (P = 0.0009) were upregulated in normal lung tissues from smokers. In vitro, miR-183-3p was correlated with cell proliferation. In addition, bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-183-3p was correlated with poor prognosis (P = 0.0466) and tumor size (P = 0.0017). In addition, miR-183-3p was higher in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) tissue (P < 0.0001) than in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissue, and miR-183-3p was higher in the tumor tissue of smokers (P = 0.0053) than in that of nonsmokers. Conclusion Upregulation of miR-183-3p and miR-182-5p may play an oncogenic role in NSCLC. miR-183-3p could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target to manage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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100
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Antitumor Effects of a Sesquiterpene Derivative from Marine Sponge in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050244. [PMID: 33925873 PMCID: PMC8144972 DOI: 10.3390/md19050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of ilimaquinone, a sesquiterpene derivative from the marine sponge, in breast cancer cells was investigated. Ilimaquinone inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 10.6 μM and 13.5 μM, respectively. Non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells were less sensitive to ilimaquinone than breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis showed that ilimaquinone induced S-phase arrest by modulating the expression of p-CDC-2 and p21. Ilimaquinone induces apoptosis, which is accompanied by multiple biological biomarkers, including the downregulation of Akt, ERK, and Bax, upregulation of p38, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and induced autophagy. Collectively, these findings suggest that ilimaquinone causes cell cycle arrest as well as induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells.
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