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Kuo HC, Li SC, Huang LH, Huang YH. Epigenetic hypomethylation and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in Kawasaki disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60875-60891. [PMID: 28977831 PMCID: PMC5617391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of febrile coronary vasculitis occurring in children. Some researchers have suggested that changes in genetic signatures, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are critical markers for cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to provide a comprehensive survey of global DNA methylation levels and MMP transcripts of KD patients compared to control subjects. Materials and Methods For chips studies, we recruited a total of 18 KD patients, prior to receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, as well as 18 healthy and 18 febrile control subjects. We applied Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 to evaluate their CpG markers and expression levels, respectively. Then we used a separate cohort to carry out real-time quantitative PCR validations of mRNA levels. Results The expressions of mRNA levels of MMP-8, -9, and -25 were significantly upregulated in KD patients compared to the healthy and febrile controls. Once KD patients underwent IVIG treatment, these MMPs considerably decreased. In particular, the methylation status of CpG sites of MMP-9 indicated a significant opposite tendency between both stages of not only the KD samples but also the controls. We also observed the mRNA level of MMP-9 to be higher in KD patients with coronary arterial lesion formation. Conclusion This study is the first to report epigenetic hypomethylation, an increased MMP-9 transcript, and the upregulation of MMP-9 in KD patients who had formed coronary arterial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Research, Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kokkinopoulos I, Wong MM, Potter CMF, Xie Y, Yu B, Warren DT, Nowak WN, Le Bras A, Ni Z, Zhou C, Ruan X, Karamariti E, Hu Y, Zhang L, Xu Q. Adventitial SCA-1 + Progenitor Cell Gene Sequencing Reveals the Mechanisms of Cell Migration in Response to Hyperlipidemia. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:681-696. [PMID: 28757161 PMCID: PMC5549964 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitial progenitor cells, including SCA-1+ and mesenchymal stem cells, are believed to be important in vascular remodeling. It has been shown that SCA-1+ progenitor cells are involved in neointimal hyperplasia of vein grafts, but little is known concerning their involvement in hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. We employed single-cell sequencing technology on primary adventitial mouse SCA-1+ cells from wild-type and atherosclerotic-prone (ApoE-deficient) mice and found that a group of genes controlling cell migration and matrix protein degradation was highly altered. Adventitial progenitors from ApoE-deficient mice displayed an augmented migratory potential both in vitro and in vivo. This increased migratory ability was mimicked by lipid loading to SCA-1+ cells. Furthermore, we show that lipid loading increased miRNA-29b expression and induced sirtuin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels to promote cell migration. These results provide direct evidence that blood cholesterol levels influence vascular progenitor cell function, which could be a potential target cell for treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire M F Potter
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yao Xie
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Derek T Warren
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Witold N Nowak
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhichao Ni
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Chao Zhou
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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Epigenetic regulation of TGF-β1 signalling in dilative aortopathy of the thoracic ascending aorta. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1389-405. [PMID: 27389586 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The term 'epigenetics' refers to heritable, reversible DNA or histone modifications that affect gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modulation of gene expression also includes the RNA interference mechanism. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is fundamental during development and throughout life, also playing a central role in disease progression. The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream effectors are key players in tissue repair and fibrosis, extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammation, cell proliferation and migration. TGF-β1 can also induce cell switch in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Cellular pathways triggered by TGF-β1 in thoracic ascending aorta dilatation have relevant roles to play in remodelling of the vascular wall by virtue of their association with monogenic syndromes that implicate an aortic aneurysm, including Loeys-Dietz and Marfan's syndromes. Several studies and reviews have focused on the progression of aneurysms in the abdominal aorta, but research efforts are now increasingly being focused on pathogenic mechanisms of thoracic ascending aorta dilatation. The present review summarizes the most recent findings concerning the epigenetic regulation of effectors of TGF-β1 pathways, triggered by sporadic dilative aortopathy of the thoracic ascending aorta in the presence of a tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve, a congenital malformation occurring in 0.5-2% of the general population. A more in-depth comprehension of the epigenetic alterations associated with TGF-β1 canonical and non-canonical pathways in dilatation of the ascending aorta could be helpful to clarify its pathogenesis, identify early potential biomarkers of disease, and, possibly, develop preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Uehara O, Takimoto K, Morikawa T, Harada F, Takai R, Adhikari BR, Itatsu R, Nakamura T, Yoshida K, Matsuoka H, Nagayasu H, Saito I, Muthumala M, Chiba I, Abiko Y. Upregulated expression of MMP-9 in gingival epithelial cells induced by prolonged stimulation with arecoline. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1186-1192. [PMID: 28693294 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel quid chewing is implicated in the high prevalence of oral cancer in Southeast Asian countries. One of the major components of betel quid is arecoline. In the present study, in order to characterize the association between chronic arecoline stimulation and carcinogenesis the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in human gingival epithelial progenitor cells (HGEPs) stimulated with arecoline was assessed. The HGEPs were alternated between 3 days of incubation with arecoline (50 µg/ml), and 3 days without arecoline, for up to 30 days. The expression levels of the MMPs and TIMPs in the cells stimulated with arecoline were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 18 and 30 days. The expression of MMP-9 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with in the control group (P<0.01). No significant differences in the expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 mRNA were observed between the experimental and control groups. Using an MMP-9 activity assay, the levels of MMP-9 activity in the experimental group were demonstrated to be significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). To investigate associated cellular signaling pathways, PDTC [a nuclear factor (NF)-κB/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) inhibitor], PD98059 [a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)1 and MAPKK2 inhibitor], SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and 5,15-DPP [a signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 inhibitor] were used. All inhibitors decreased the extent of MMP-9 upregulation induced by stimulation with arecoline. Based on the data, it is hypothesized that MMP-9 activity may be involved in the pathological alterations of oral epithelium induced by betel quid chewing, and that the NF-κB/IκB, MAPK, p38 MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways may be involved in the production of MMP-9 induced by betel quid chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kousuke Takimoto
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Fumiya Harada
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Rie Takai
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Bhoj Raj Adhikari
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Ryoko Itatsu
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsuoka
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagayasu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Malsantha Muthumala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Itsuo Chiba
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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Thomas MR, Lip GYH. Novel Risk Markers and Risk Assessments for Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2017; 120:133-149. [PMID: 28057790 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of risk markers has transformed cardiovascular medicine, exemplified by the routine assessment of troponin, for both diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients with chest pain. Clinical risk factors form the basis for risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and the addition of biochemical, cellular, and imaging parameters offers further refinement. Identifying novel risk factors may allow greater risk stratification and a steady, but gradual progression toward precision medicine. Indeed, the generation of data in this area of research is explosive and when combined with new technologies and techniques provides the potential for more refined, targeted approaches to cardiovascular medicine. Although discussing the most recent developments in this field, this review article aims to strike a balance between novelty and validity by focusing on recent large sample-size studies that have been validated in a separate cohort in most cases. Risk markers related to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation, cardiac injury, and fibrosis are introduced in the context of their pathophysiology. Rapidly developing new areas, such as assessment of micro-RNA, are also explored. Subsequently the prognostic ability of these risk markers in coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Thomas
- From the University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.R.T., G.Y.H.L.); and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- From the University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.R.T., G.Y.H.L.); and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.).
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56
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Augé N, Camaré C, Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Salvayre R. Dual signaling evoked by oxidized LDLs in vascular cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:118-133. [PMID: 28189852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative theory of atherosclerosis relies on the modification of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the vascular wall by reactive oxygen species. Modified LDLs, such as oxidized LDLs, are thought to participate in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions (accumulation of foam cells and fatty streaks), whereas their role in advanced lesions and atherothrombotic events is more debated, because antioxidant supplementation failed to prevent coronary disease events and mortality in intervention randomized trials. As oxidized LDLs and oxidized lipids are present in atherosclerotic lesions and are able to trigger cell signaling on cultured vascular cells and macrophages, it has been proposed that they could play a role in atherogenesis and atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. Oxidized LDLs exhibit dual biological effects, which are dependent on extent of lipid peroxidation, nature of oxidized lipids (oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, malondialdehyde, α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals), concentration of oxidized LDLs and uptake by scavenger receptors (e.g. CD36, LOX-1, SRA) that signal through different transduction pathways. Moderate concentrations of mildly oxidized LDLs are proinflammatory and trigger cell migration and proliferation, whereas higher concentrations induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The balance between survival and apoptotic responses evoked by oxidized LDLs depends on cellular systems that regulate the cell fate, such as ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and expression of pro/antiapoptotic proteins. In vivo, the intimal concentration of oxidized LDLs depends on the influx (hypercholesterolemia, endothelial permeability), residence time and lipid composition of LDLs, oxidative stress intensity, induction of defense mechanisms (antioxidant systems, heat shock proteins). As a consequence, the local cellular responses to oxidized LDLs may stimulate inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways, angiogenic or antiangiogenic responses, survival or apoptosis, thereby contributing to plaque growth, instability, complication (intraplaque hemorrhage, proteolysis, calcification, apoptosis) and rupture. Finally, these dual properties suggest that oxLDLs could be implicated at each step of atherosclerosis development, from early fatty streaks to advanced lesions, depending on the nature and concentration of their oxidized lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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Okamura H, Emrich F, Trojan J, Chiu P, Dalal AR, Arakawa M, Sato T, Penov K, Koyano T, Pedroza A, Connolly AJ, Rabinovitch M, Alvira C, Fischbein MP. Long-term miR-29b suppression reduces aneurysm formation in a Marfan mouse model. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/8/e13257. [PMID: 28455451 PMCID: PMC5408287 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic root aneurysm formation and subsequent dissection and/or rupture remain the leading cause of death in patients with Marfan syndrome. Our laboratory has reported that miR‐29b participates in aortic root/ascending aorta extracellular matrix remodeling during early aneurysm formation in Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan mice. Herein, we sought to determine whether miR‐29b suppression can reduce aneurysm formation long‐term. Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan mice were treated with retro‐orbital LNA‐anti‐miR‐29b inhibitor or scrambled‐control‐miR before aneurysms develop either (1) a single dose prenatally (pregnant Fbn1C1039G/+ mice at 14.5 days post‐coitum) (n = 8–10, each group) or (2) postnatally every other week, from 2 to 22 weeks of age, and sacrificed at 24 weeks (n = 8–10, each group). To determine if miR‐29b blockade was beneficial even after aneurysms develop, a third group of animals were treated every other week, starting at 8 weeks of age, until sacrificed (n = 4–6, each group). miR‐29b inhibition resulted in aneurysm reduction, increased elastogenesis, decreased matrix metalloproteinase activity and decreased elastin breakdown. Prenatal LNA‐anti‐miR‐29b inhibitor treatment decreased aneurysm formation up to age 32 weeks, whereas postnatal treatment was effective up to 16 weeks. miR‐29b blockade did not slow aortic growth once aneurysms already developed. Systemic miR‐29b inhibition significantly reduces aneurysm development long‐term in a Marfan mouse model. Drug administration during aortic wall embryologic development appears fundamental. miR‐29b suppression could be a potential therapeutic target for reducing aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homare Okamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Fabian Emrich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey Trojan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Peter Chiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alex R Dalal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mamoru Arakawa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kiril Penov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Albert Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Cristina Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael P Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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TWEAK blockade decreases atherosclerotic lesion size and progression through suppression of STAT1 signaling in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46679. [PMID: 28447667 PMCID: PMC5406837 DOI: 10.1038/srep46679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK/Tnfsf12) is a cytokine implicated in different steps associated with vascular remodeling. However, the role of TWEAK under hyperglycemic conditions is currently unknown. Using two different approaches, genetic deletion of Tnfsf12 and treatment with a TWEAK blocking mAb, we have analyzed the effect of TWEAK inhibition on atherosclerotic plaque progression and stability in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ApoE deficient mice. Genetic inactivation of Tnfsf12 reduced atherosclerosis extension and severity in diabetic ApoE deficient mice. Tnfsf12 deficient mice display a more stable plaque phenotype characterized by lower lipid and macrophage content within atherosclerotic plaques. A similar phenotype was observed in diabetic mice treated with anti-TWEAK mAb. The proatherosclerotic effects of TWEAK were mediated, at least in part, by STAT1 activation and expression of proinflammatory target genes (CCL5, CXCL10 and ICAM-1), both in plaques of ApoE mice and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under hyperglycemic conditions. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that TWEAK induces proinflammatory genes mRNA expression through its receptor Fn14 and STAT1 activation in cultured VSMCs. Overall, TWEAK blockade delay plaque progression and alter plaque composition in diabetic atherosclerotic mice. Therapies aimed to inhibit TWEAK expression and/or function could protect from diabetic vascular complications.
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Ding L, Zhang L, Kim M, Byzova T, Podrez E. Akt3 kinase suppresses pinocytosis of low-density lipoprotein by macrophages via a novel WNK/SGK1/Cdc42 protein pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9283-9293. [PMID: 28389565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid-phase pinocytosis of LDL by macrophages is regarded as a novel promising target to reduce macrophage cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. The mechanisms of regulation of fluid-phase pinocytosis in macrophages and, specifically, the role of Akt kinases are poorly understood. We have found previously that increased lipoprotein uptake via the receptor-independent process in Akt3 kinase-deficient macrophages contributes to increased atherosclerosis in Akt3-/- mice. The mechanism by which Akt3 deficiency promotes lipoprotein uptake in macrophages is unknown. We now report that Akt3 constitutively suppresses macropinocytosis in macrophages through a novel WNK1/SGK1/Cdc42 pathway. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the lack of Akt3 expression in murine and human macrophages results in increased expression of with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1), which, in turn, leads to increased activity of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). SGK1 promotes expression of the Rho family GTPase Cdc42, a positive regulator of actin assembly, cell polarization, and pinocytosis. Individual suppression of WNK1 expression, SGK1, or Cdc42 activity in Akt3-deficient macrophages rescued the phenotype. These results demonstrate that Akt3 is a specific negative regulator of macropinocytosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Lifang Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Michael Kim
- the Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Tatiana Byzova
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Eugene Podrez
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
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Liu CZ, Zhong Q, Huang YQ. Elevated Plasma miR-29a Levels Are Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Atherosclerosis Patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 241:183-188. [PMID: 28250354 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.241.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, have become a major public health problem all over the world. MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) modulates expression levels of collagen, inflammatory reaction and other extracellular matrix mRNAs, while adiponectin (APN), a circulating protein secreted by adipocytes, has anti-inflammatory properties. Both play multifaceted roles in angiogenesis or vascular remodelling. However, little is known about plasma miR-29a and APN levels in patients with atherosclerosis. We therefore investigated the relationship between the plasma levels of miR-29a or APN and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in atherosclerosis patients (n = 85, cIMT ≥ 1.2 mm) and the controls (n = 85, cIMT < 1.2 mm). We found that the atherosclerosis group showed higher miR-29a levels (31.15 ± 3.99 vs. 26.39 ± 1.05 Ct, P < 0.001) and lower APN levels (15.93 ± 4.61 vs. 21.80 ± 7.74 ng/ml, P < 0.001), compared with control group. Thus, increased cIMT was associated with higher plasma miR-29a levels (r = 0.688, P < 0.001) and with lower plasma APN levels (r = -0.494, P < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that higher miR-29a levels (OR: 1.136, 95% CI: 1.042-1.240, P = 0.004) increased the risk for atherosclerosis, whereas higher APN levels appeared to be protective (OR: 0.122, 95% CI: 0.055-0.271, P < 0.001). The present study indicates that elevated miR-29a levels and reduced APN levels are associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhong Liu
- General Practice Centre, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University
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Gold nanoparticles, radiations and the immune system: Current insights into the physical mechanisms and the biological interactions of this new alliance towards cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:1-17. [PMID: 28322970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering both cancer's serious impact on public health and the side effects of cancer treatments, strategies towards targeted cancer therapy have lately gained considerable interest. Employment of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in combination with ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, has been shown to improve the effect of radiation treatment significantly. GNPs, as high-Z particles, possess the ability to absorb ionizing radiation and enhance the deposited dose within the targeted tumors. Furthermore, they can convert non-ionizing radiation into heat, due to plasmon resonance, leading to hyperthermic damage to cancer cells. These observations, also supported by experimental evidence both in vitro and in vivo systems, reveal the capacity of GNPs to act as radiosensitizers for different types of radiation. In addition, they can be chemically modified to selectively target tumors, which renders them suitable for future cancer treatment therapies. Herein, a current review of the latest data on the physical properties of GNPs and their effects on GNP circulation time, biodistribution and clearance, as well as their interactions with plasma proteins and the immune system, is presented. Emphasis is also given with an in depth discussion on the underlying physical and biological mechanisms of radiosensitization. Furthermore, simulation data are provided on the use of GNPs in photothermal therapy upon non-ionizing laser irradiation treatment. Finally, the results obtained from the application of GNPs at clinical trials and pre-clinical experiments in vivo are reported.
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62
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A network-based method for mechanistic investigation of Shexiang Baoxin Pill's treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43632. [PMID: 28272527 PMCID: PMC5341564 DOI: 10.1038/srep43632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. However, the complexity of composition and targets has deterred our understanding of its mechanism of action. Using network pharmacology-based approaches, we established the mechanism of action for SBP to treat CVD by analyzing protein-protein interactions and pathways. The computational results were confirmed at the gene expression level in microarray-based studies. Two of the SBP’s targets were further confirmed at the protein level by Western blot. In addition, we validated the theory that SBP’s plasma absorbed compounds play major therapeutic role in treating CVD.
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63
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Cao J, Ye B, Lin L, Tian L, Yang H, Wang C, Huang W, Huang Z. Curcumin Alleviates oxLDL Induced MMP-9 and EMMPRIN Expression through the Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:62. [PMID: 28261097 PMCID: PMC5306337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is the leading cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UA). However, it still lacks an effective therapy to stabilize the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Numerous reports have shown that upregulation of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) in macrophages is involved in the progression and development of vulnerable plaques. Here we evaluated the impact of curcumin on the expression of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN in macrophages. Macrophages were pretreated with curcumin or specific inhibitors (p38 MAPK inhibitor, NF-κB p65 inhibitor) for 1 h, then cells were cultured with oxLDL for indicated time. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression of mRNA and proteins. Translocation of NF-κB p65 was detected by using laser confocal microscopy. Here we showed that curcumin attenuated the MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression in oxLDL stimulated macrophages. Further studies revealed that curcumin inhibited oxLDL induced NF-κB activation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These findings illustrated that curcumin can inhibit the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 in oxLDL stimulated macrophages through down regulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which might be the molecular mechanism for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
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64
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Chen ST, Huang CH, Kok VC, Huang CYF, Ciou JS, Tsai JJP, Kurubanjerdjit N, Ng KL. Drug repurposing and therapeutic anti-microRNA predictions for inhibition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell-associated diseases. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2017; 15:1650043. [PMID: 28150521 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720016500438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a new method for disease treatments, which accelerates the identification of new uses for existing drugs with minimal side effects for patients. MicroRNA-based therapeutics are a class of drugs that have been used in gene therapy following the FDA's approval of the first anti-sense therapy. This study examines the effects of oxLDL on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and identifies potential drugs and antimiRs for treating VSMC-associated diseases. The Connectivity Map (cMap) database is utilized to identify potential new uses of existing drugs. The success of the identifications was supported by MTT assay, clonogenic assay and clinical trial data. Specifically, 37 drugs, some of which are undergoing clinical trials, were identified. Three of the identified drugs exhibit IC50 activities. Among the 37 drugs' targets, three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified as drug targets by using both the DrugBank and the NCBI PubChem Compound databases. Also, one DEG, DNMT1, which is regulated by 17 miRNAs, where these miRNAs are potential targets for developing antimiR-based miRNA therapy, is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Tsung Chen
- * Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 41354, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hung Huang
- † Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Formosa University, Yun-Lin, Taiwan 63205, R.O.C
| | - Victor C Kok
- * Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 41354, R.O.C
- ‡ Division of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer, Center Taichung, Taiwan 43303, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- § Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Shuei Ciou
- * Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 41354, R.O.C
| | - Jeffrey J P Tsai
- * Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 41354, R.O.C
| | - Nilubon Kurubanjerdjit
- ¶ School of Information Technology, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand 57100, Thailand
| | - Ka-Lok Ng
- * Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 41354, R.O.C
- ∥ Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, R.O.C
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65
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Yin R, Zhang C, Hou Y, Wang X. MicroRNA Let-7g and Atherosclerosis Plaque Stabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2017.72003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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66
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Zhuang J, Luan P, Li H, Wang K, Zhang P, Xu Y, Peng W. The Yin–Yang Dynamics of DNA Methylation Is the Key Regulator for Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switch and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:84-97. [PMID: 27879253 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
DNA methylation plays an important role in chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, yet the mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of our study is to indicate the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its roles in atherosclerosis.
Approach and Results—
In ApoE
−/−
mice fed a Western diet, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions (20.1±2.2% versus 30.8±7.5%;
P
=0.016) and suppressed DNA methyltransferase activity and concomitantly decreased global 5-methylcytosine content in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE
−/−
mice. Using a carotid ligation model, we found that 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine also dramatically inhibited neointimal formation (intimal area: 2.25±0.14×10
4
versus 4.07±0.22×10
4
μm
2
;
P
<0.01). Abnormal methylation status at the promoter of ten–eleven translocation 2, one of the key demethylation enzymes in mammals, was ameliorated after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment, which in turn caused an increase in global DNA hydroxymethylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment at the promoter of Myocardin. In vitro, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment or DNA methyltransferase 1 knockdown decreased global 5-methylcytosine content and restored Myocardin expression in VSMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor, thus preventing excessive VSMCs dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration. Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 1 binds to ten–eleven translocation 2 promoter and is required for ten–eleven translocation 2 methylation in VSMCs.
Conclusions—
The inhibitory effects of DNA demethylation on global 5-methylcytosine content and ten–eleven translocation 2 hypermethylation in atherosclerotic aorta can recover 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment at the Myocardin promoter and prevent VSMC dedifferentiation and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhuang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Peipei Luan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Hailing Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Kai Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Pei Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
| | - Wenhui Peng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (J.Z., H.L., K.W., Y.X., W.P.); Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (P.L.); and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, France (P.Z.)
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Xiaoling Y, Li Z, ShuQiang L, Shengchao M, Anning Y, Ning D, Nan L, Yuexia J, Xiaoming Y, Guizhong L, Yideng J. Hyperhomocysteinemia in ApoE-/- Mice Leads to Overexpression of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 via miR-92a Regulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167744. [PMID: 27936205 PMCID: PMC5147974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. HHcy promotes atherogenesis by modifying the histone methylation patterns and miRNA regulation. In this study, we investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and tested our hypothesis that Hcy-induced atherosclerosis is mediated by increased EZH2 expression, which is regulated by miR-92a. The levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 were increased in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice fed a high-methionine diet for 16 weeks, whereas miR-92a expression was decreased. Over-expression of EZH2 increased H3K27me3 level and the accumulation of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the foam cells. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-92a reduced EZH2 expression in the foam cells. These data suggested that EZH2 plays a key role in Hcy-mediated lipid metabolism disorders, and that miR-92a may be a novel therapeutic target in Hcy-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiaoling
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Institution of Medical Science of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li ShuQiang
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ma Shengchao
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Anning
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ding Ning
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Nan
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Yuexia
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Xiaoming
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Guizhong
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiang Yideng
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- * E-mail:
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68
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Xue XH, Zhou XM, Wei W, Chen T, Su QP, Tao J, Chen LD. Alisol A 24-Acetate, a Triterpenoid Derived from Alisma orientale, Inhibits Ox-LDL-Induced Phenotypic Transformation and Migration of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Suppressing ERK1/2 Signaling. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:291-300. [PMID: 27924795 DOI: 10.1159/000448715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alisol A 24-acetate, a triterpenoid extracted from Alisma orientale, has shown antiatherosclerotic actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of alisol A 24-acetate on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced phenotypic transformation and migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. VSMCs were pretreated with alisol A 24-acetate and a specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, U0126, and then stimulated with 50 mg/l Ox-LDL in vitro. The expression of VSMC phenotypic marker SM22α was determined using immunocytochemistry, and the migration of VSMCs was detected using a scratch-wound healing assay. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and total ERK was determined. Ox-LDL treatment caused a reduction in SM22α expression, VSMC transformation to the synthetic phenotype, increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis, the extension of VSMC migration distance and the upregulation of pERK1/2 expression, while the addition of alisol A 24-acetate or U0126 resulted in the elevation of SM22α expression, VSMC transformation to the contractile phenotype, a reduction in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, the shortening of cell migration distance and decreased pERK1/2 expression. The results of this study demonstrate that alisol A 24-acetate effectively reverses the phenotypic transformation and inhibits the migration of VSMCs, which may be associated with the suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Hua Xue
- Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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69
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MiR-30s Family Inhibit the Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Through Targeting the 3′UTR Region of ITGA4 and PLCG1. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 68:327-333. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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70
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Darabi F, Aghaei M, Movahedian A, Pourmoghadas A, Sarrafzadegan N. The role of serum levels of microRNA-21 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:51-60. [PMID: 27590242 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular death. It seems that microRNA-21 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating miR-21 and MMP-9 as biomarkers for ACS. Based on coronary angiography and electrocardiography results, 50 patients with ACS and 50 patients with stable coronary artery disease (stable CAD) were enrolled in this study. Samples were collected from patients and stored at -80 °C. Serum miR-21 gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR method. Serum total MMP-9 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Also, the activity of MMP-9 was measured by gelatin zymography. Patients with ACS had a significantly higher miR-21 level compared to the stable CAD ([Formula: see text] = 0.88 ± 0.06 and 0.31 ± 0.08 respectively, P < 0.001). At the same time, the serum levels and activity of MMP-9 were significantly higher in ACS patients compared to those with stable CAD (324.01 ± 17.57 and 204.6 ± 12.39 ng/mL, P < 0.001, and 2524.5 ± 131.3 and 1280.8 ± 19.6 units, P < 0.001, respectively). miR-21 expression levels were correlated positively with MMP-9, hs-CRP, and age and negatively with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.33, P < 0.001, r = 0.22, P < 0.031, r = 0.26, P < 0.008, r = -0.32, P < 0.001, respectively). We concluded that increased serum expression of miR-21 and higher serum activity of MMP-9 may be useful indicators for ACS. However, we suggest further studies to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Darabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib St., Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Pourmoghadas
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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71
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Iosef Husted C, Valencik M. Insulin-like growth factors and their potential role in cardiac epigenetics. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1589-602. [PMID: 27061217 PMCID: PMC4956935 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes a major public health threat worldwide, accounting for 17.3 million deaths annually. Heart disease and stroke account for the majority of healthcare costs in the developed world. While much has been accomplished in understanding the pathophysiology, molecular biology and genetics underlying the diagnosis and treatment of CVD, we know less about the role of epigenetics and their molecular determinants. The impact of environmental changes and epigenetics in CVD is now emerging as critically important in understanding the origin of disease and the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the emerging role of epigenetics mediated by insulin like-growth factors-I and -II in major CVDs such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Iosef Husted
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine (UNSOM), Reno, NV, USA
| | - Maria Valencik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine (UNSOM), Reno, NV, USA
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72
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Ruddy JM, Ikonomidis JS, Jones JA. Multidimensional Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases to Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: Multiple Mechanisms of Inhibition to Promote Stability. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:1-16. [PMID: 27327039 PMCID: PMC7196926 DOI: 10.1159/000446703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic disease continues to increase, and despite significant reductions in major cardiovascular events with current medical interventions, an additional therapeutic window exists. Atherosclerotic plaque growth is a complex integration of cholesterol penetration, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and neovascular invasion. A family of matrix-degrading proteases, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contributes to all phases of vascular remodeling. The contribution of specific MMPs to endothelial cell integrity and VSMC migration in atherosclerotic lesion initiation and progression has been confirmed by the increased expression of these proteases in plasma and plaque specimens. Endogenous blockade of MMPs by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may attenuate proteolysis in some regions, but the progression of matrix degeneration suggests that MMPs predominate in atherosclerotic plaque, precipitating vulnerability. Plaque neovascularization also contributes to instability and, coupling the known role of MMPs in angiogenesis to that of atherosclerotic plaque growth, interest in targeting MMPs to facilitate plaque stabilization continues to accumulate. This article aims to review the contributions of MMPs and TIMPs to atherosclerotic plaque expansion, neovascularization, and rupture vulnerability with an interest in promoting targeted therapies to improve plaque stabilization and decrease the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., USA
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73
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Lv YC, Tang YY, Zhang P, Wan W, Yao F, He PP, Xie W, Mo ZC, Shi JF, Wu JF, Peng J, Liu D, Cayabyab FS, Zheng XL, Tang XY, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Histone Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2-Mediated ABCA1 Promoter DNA Methylation Contributes to the Progression of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157265. [PMID: 27295295 PMCID: PMC4905646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying ABCA1 epigenetic modification and determine its potential impact on ABCA1 expression in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. DNA methylation induced foam cell formation from macrophages and promoted atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a large CpG island (CGI) located in the promoter region of ABCA1. Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) downregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with 5-Aza-dC or knockdown of DNMT1 prevented the downregulation of macrophage ABCA1 expression, suggesting a role of DNA methylation in ABCA1 expression. Polycomb protein EZH2 induced DNMT1 expression and methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) recruitment, and stimulated the binding of DNMT1 and MeCP2 to ABCA1 promoter, thereby promoting ABCA1 gene DNA methylation and atherosclerosis. Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 in macrophages. Conversely, EZH2 overexpression stimulated DNMT1-induced ABCA1 gene promoter methylation and atherosclerosis. EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 gene expression promotes foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis by DNA methylation of ABCA1 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, 425100, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Francisco S. Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiang-Yang Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, WCI Suite C5018, 1701 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- * E-mail: (CKT); (XPOY)
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- * E-mail: (CKT); (XPOY)
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Ulrich V, Rotllan N, Araldi E, Luciano A, Skroblin P, Abonnenc M, Perrotta P, Yin X, Bauer A, Leslie KL, Zhang P, Aryal B, Montgomery RL, Thum T, Martin K, Suarez Y, Mayr M, Fernandez-Hernando C, Sessa WC. Chronic miR-29 antagonism promotes favorable plaque remodeling in atherosclerotic mice. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:643-53. [PMID: 27137489 PMCID: PMC4888854 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques can lead to rupture, acute myocardial infarction, and death. Enhancement of plaque extracellular matrix (ECM) may improve plaque morphology and stabilize lesions. Here, we demonstrate that chronic administration of LNA‐miR‐29 into an atherosclerotic mouse model improves indices of plaque morphology. This occurs due to upregulation of miR‐29 target genes of the ECM (col1A and col3A) resulting in reduced lesion size, enhanced fibrous cap thickness, and reduced necrotic zones. Sustained LNA‐miR‐29 treatment did not affect circulating lipids, blood chemistry, or ECM of solid organs including liver, lung, kidney, spleen, or heart. Collectively, these data support the idea that antagonizing miR‐29 may promote beneficial plaque remodeling as an independent approach to stabilize vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ulrich
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elisa Araldi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amelia Luciano
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mélanie Abonnenc
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Perrotta
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Bauer
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen L Leslie
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pei Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen Martin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yajaira Suarez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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75
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Hai Z, Zuo W. Aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 456:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McDonnell F, Irnaten M, Clark AF, O’Brien CJ, Wallace DM. Hypoxia-Induced Changes in DNA Methylation Alter RASAL1 and TGFβ1 Expression in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153354. [PMID: 27124111 PMCID: PMC4849706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fibrosis and a hypoxic environment are associated with the trabecular meshwork (TM) region in the blinding disease glaucoma. Hypoxia has been shown to alter DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism involved in regulating gene expression such as the pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and the anti-fibrotic Ras protein activator like 1 (RASAL1). The purpose of this study was to compare DNA methylation levels, and the expression of TGFβ1 and RASAL1 in primary human normal (NTM) with glaucomatous (GTM) cells and in NTM cells under hypoxic conditions. Methods Global DNA methylation was assessed by ELISA in cultured age-matched NTM and GTM cells. qPCR was conducted for TGFβ1, collagen 1α1 (COL1A1), and RASAL1 expression. Western immunoblotting was used to determine protein expression. For hypoxia experiments, NTM cells were cultured in a 1%O2, 5%CO2 and 37°C environment. NTM and GTM cells were treated with TGFβ1 (10ng/ml) and the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-aza) (0.5μM) respectively to determine their effects on DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and RASAL1 expression. Results We found increased DNA methylation, increased TGFβ1 expression and decreased RASAL1 expression in GTM cells compared to NTM cells. Similar results were obtained in NTM cells under hypoxic conditions. TGFβ1 treatment increased DNMT1 and COL1A1, and decreased RASAL1 expression in NTM cells. 5-aza treatment decreased DNMT1, TGFβ1 and COL1A1 expression, and increased RASAL1 expression in GTM cells. Conclusions TGFβ1 and RASAL1 expression, global DNA methylation, and expression of associated methylation enzymes were altered between NTM and GTM cells. We found that hypoxia in NTM cells induced similar results to the GTM cells. Furthermore, DNA methylation, TGFβ1 and RASAL1 appear to have an interacting relationship that may play a role in driving pro-fibrotic disease progression in the glaucomatous TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McDonnell
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Abbot F. Clark
- Dept. Cell Biology & Immunology and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, U. North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colm J. O’Brien
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Deborah M. Wallace
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Dept. Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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77
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Abstract
A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Environmental factors have crucial effects on the epigenetic trait of genes, which refers to a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in the chromosomes without alteration of the DNA sequence, but has profound effects on the cellular repertoire. Among the epigenetic patterns, DNA methylation is of great interest. DNA methylation occurs at both global and specific gene promoter levels and relates to atherosclerosis. Aberrant DNA methylation affects the transcription and expression of critical regulatory genes and induces a proatherogenic cellular phenotype, which plays key roles in endothelia cell dysfunction, abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammation in CVDs. This review focuses on the contribution of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Lee J, Lim S, Song BW, Cha MJ, Ham O, Lee SY, Lee C, Park JH, Bae Y, Seo HH, Seung M, Choi E, Hwang KC. MicroRNA-29b inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in neointimal formation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:598-608. [PMID: 25389122 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are considered to be key steps in the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Certain stimuli, such as, interleukin-3 (IL-3) are known to stimulate proliferation and migration in vascular diseases. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed as critical modulators of various diseases in which miR-29b is known to regulate cell growth by targeting Mcl-1 and MMP2. However, roles of miR-29b in vascular smooth muscle cells remain almost unknown. We hypothesized that miR-29b may control the proliferation and migration processes induced by IL-3 stimulation by inhibiting its own specific targets in SMCs. MiR-29b significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs through the inhibition of the signaling pathway related to Mcl-1 and MMP2. We also found that miR-29b expression levels significantly declined in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries and that the overexpression of miR-29b by local oligonucleotide delivery can inhibit neointimal formation. Consistent with the critical role of miR-29b in vitro, we observed down-regulated expression levels of Mcl-1 and MMP2 from the neointimal region. These results indicate that miR-29b suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs, possibly through the inhibition of Mcl-1 and MMP2, and suggest that miR-29b may serve as a useful therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases such as, atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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79
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic homeostasis disease that contributes to additional comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. It has a long undiagnosed latent period during which there can be irreparable damage to the pancreas and cardiovascular tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of several microRNAs in CVD. Determining the microRNAs that link diabetes mellitus and CVD is an important topic to be explored. In the present review, we discuss the microRNAs that contribute to the progression of diabetes mellitus and CVD and focus on the miR-29 family microRNAs whose expression is upregulated by hyperglycemia and proinflammatory cytokines, the hallmarks of diabetes mellitus. Upregulation of miR-29 expression is a key factor in the loss of pancreatic β cells and development of the first stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Additionally, miR-29-mediated suppression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), an important prosurvival protein, underlies Marfan's syndrome, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and diabetes mellitus-associated cardiomyocyte disorganization. Suppression of miR-29 expression and subsequent increase in the prosurvival MCL-1, however, promotes tumor development. Therefore, miR-29 mimics that suppress MCL-1 are hailed as tumor suppressors. The critical question is whether an increase in miR-29 levels is well tolerated in conditions of comorbidities in which insulin resistance is an underlying disease. In light of increasing awareness of the interconnection of diabetes mellitus, CVD, and cancer, it is of utmost importance to understand the mechanism of action of current treatment options on all of the comorbidities and careful evaluation of cardiovascular toxicity must accompany any treatment paradigm that increases miR-29 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ślusarz
- aDepartment of Medicine bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Missouri cHarry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital dDepartment of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
During the last decade, epigenetics became one of the fastest growing research fields in numerous clinical and basic science disciplines. Evidence suggests that chromatin modifications (e.g., histone modifications and DNA methylation) as well as the expression of micro-RNA molecules play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. On the one hand, they are involved in the development of general risk factors like chronic inflammation, but on the other hand, epigenetic modifications are conducive to smooth muscle cell, cardiomyocyte, and endothelial progenitor cell proliferation/differentiation as well as to extracellular matrix processing and endothelial function (e.g., endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulation). Therefore, epigenetic medical drugs have gained increased attention and provided the first promising results in the context of cardiovascular malignancies. Beside other lifestyle factors, physical activity and sports essentially contribute to cardiovascular health and regeneration. In this review we focus on recent research proposing physical activity as a potent epigenetic regulator that has the potential to counteract pathophysiological alterations in almost all the aforementioned cardiovascular cells and tissues. As with epigenetic medical drugs, more knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and dose-response relationships of exercise is needed to optimize the outcome of preventive and rehabilitative exercise programs and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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81
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Huang S, Zhao J, Huang D, Zhuo L, Liao S, Jiang Z. Serum miR-132 is a risk marker of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett 2016; 615:102-6. [PMID: 26806865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, it has been reported that the microRNA-132(miR-132) is linked with synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment. The present study investigates that whether miR-132 is altered in circulating blood serum samples of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) patients. METHODS We collected samples from 39 subjects with PSCI, 37 subjects with post-stroke cognitive normality (PSCN), and 38 age-matched controls (AMC) for which ages, gender and education level were matched. MiR-132 was detected using a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. To test the predictive value of miR-132 for PSCI, prediction capabilities were compared using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS The level of miR-132 in PSCI patient serum was significantly elevated compared to that of PSCN and AMC subjects. The ROC curve showed that miR-132 achieved an AUC of 0.961 (p<0.0001). Importantly, the miR-132 level was correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in PSCI patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that there was a substantial correlation between serum miR-132 expression and post-stroke cognitive functionality, suggesting that miR-132 may be a risk marker for PSCI. Because of the limitations of this study, the results should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai'e Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Jiapei Zhao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Danxia Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Liping Zhuo
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shaoqin Liao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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82
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Bretschneider M, Busch B, Mueller D, Nolze A, Schreier B, Gekle M, Grossmann C. Activated mineralocorticoid receptor regulates micro-RNA-29b in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2016; 30:1610-22. [PMID: 26728178 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriately activated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a risk factor for vascular remodeling with unclear molecular mechanism. Recent findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation by micro-RNAs (miRs) may be involved. Our aim was to search for MR-dependent miRs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism and the pathologic relevance. We detected that aldosteroneviathe MR reduces miR-29bin vivoin murine aorta and in human primary and cultured VSMCs (ED50= 0.07 nM) but not in endothelial cells [quantitative PCR (qPCR), luciferase assays]. This effect was mediated by an increased decay of miR-29b in the cytoplasm with unchanged miR-29 family member or primary-miR levels. Decreased miR-29b led to an increase in extracellular matrix measured by ELISA and qPCR and enhanced VSMC migration in single cell-tracking experiments. Additionally, cell proliferation and the apoptosis/necrosis ratio (caspase/lactate dehydrogenase assay) was modulated by miR-29b. Enhanced VSMC migration by aldosterone required miR-29b regulation. Control experiments were performed with scrambled RNA and empty plasmids, by comparing aldosterone-stimulated with vehicle-incubated cells. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of aldosterone-mediated vascular pathogenesis by identifying miR-29b as a pathophysiologic relevant target of activated MR in VSMCs and by highlighting the importance of miR processing for miR regulation.-Bretschneider, M., Busch, B., Mueller, D., Nolze, A., Schreier, B., Gekle, M., Grossmann, C. Activated mineralocorticoid receptor regulates micro-RNA-29b in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bretschneider
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bianca Busch
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Mueller
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Nolze
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Grossmann
- *Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Amin M, Pushpakumar S, Muradashvili N, Kundu S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Regulation and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular diseases. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2016; 21:89-118. [PMID: 26709763 PMCID: PMC5462461 DOI: 10.2741/4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases whose main function is to degrade and deposit structural proteins within the extracellular matrix (ECM). A dysregulation of MMPs is linked to vascular diseases. MMPs are classified into collagenases, gelatinases, membrane-type, metalloelastase, stromelysins, matrilysins, enamelysins, and unclassified subgroups. The production of MMPs is stimulated by factors such as oxidative stress, growth factors and inflammation which lead to its up- or down-regulation with subsequent ECM remodeling. Normally, excess activation of MMPs is controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in hypertension, atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, aortic aneurysms and varicose vein wall remodeling. Also, recent evidence suggests epigenetic regulation of some MMPs in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Over the years, pharmacological inhibitors of MMPs have been used to modify or prevent the development of the disease with some success. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MMP biology, and their involvement in the manifestation of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202,
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84
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Sun M, Yu H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao W. MicroRNA-214 Mediates Isoproterenol-induced Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18351. [PMID: 26692091 PMCID: PMC4686919 DOI: 10.1038/srep18351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) induces cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and collagen synthesis and is a major source of the cardiac fibrosis caused by various diseases. Recently, microRNA-214 (miR-214) was found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodelling. In the present study, we examined the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-214 in isoproterenol (ISO, a β-AR agonist)-induced CF proliferation and collagen synthesis. The expression of miR-214 was increased in both ISO-mediated fibrotic heart tissue and fibroblasts. Downregulation of miR-214 by antagonists attenuated the proliferation and collagen synthesis in ISO-treated CFs. Using bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays, mitofusin2 (Mfn2), a critical regulator of cell proliferation and tissue fibrosis, was identified as a direct target gene of miR-214; this result was confirmed by western blot analysis. Additionally, corresponding to the upregulation of miR-214, the expression of Mfn2 was downregulated in the fibrotic heart and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the downregulation of miR-214 inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 MAPK signalling induced by ISO treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-214 mediates CF proliferation and collagen synthesis via inhibition of Mfn2 and activation of ERK1/2 MAPK signalling, which provides a new explanation for the mechanism of β-AR activation-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191, China
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Craig VJ, Zhang L, Hagood JS, Owen CA. Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:585-600. [PMID: 26121236 PMCID: PMC4742954 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0020tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive lung disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current medical therapies are not fully effective at limiting mortality in patients with IPF, and new therapies are urgently needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteinases that, together, can degrade all components of the extracellular matrix and numerous nonmatrix proteins. MMPs and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF based upon the results of clinical studies reporting elevated levels of MMPs (including MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9) in IPF blood and/or lung samples. Surprisingly, studies of gene-targeted mice in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have demonstrated that most MMPs promote (rather than inhibit) the development of PF and have identified diverse mechanisms involved. These mechanisms include MMPs: (1) promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMP-3 and MMP-7); (2) increasing lung levels or activity of profibrotic mediators or reducing lung levels of antifibrotic mediators (MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-8); (3) promoting abnormal epithelial cell migration and other aberrant repair processes (MMP-3 and MMP-9); (4) inducing the switching of lung macrophage phenotypes from M1 to M2 types (MMP-10 and MMP-28); and (5) promoting fibrocyte migration (MMP-8). Two MMPs, MMP-13 and MMP-19, have antifibrotic activities in murine models of PF, and two MMPs, MMP-1 and MMP-10, have the potential to limit fibrotic responses to injury. Herein, we review what is known about the contributions of MMPs and TIMPs to the pathogenesis of IPF and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Craig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James S. Hagood
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California, and
- Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California; and
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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86
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Boosani CS, Agrawal DK. Methylation and microRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of SOCS3. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:853-72. [PMID: 25682267 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing of several genes causes different pathological conditions in humans, and DNA methylation has been identified as one of the key mechanisms that underlie this evolutionarily conserved phenomenon associated with developmental and pathological gene regulation. Recent advances in the miRNA technology with high throughput analysis of gene regulation further increased our understanding on the role of miRNAs regulating multiple gene expression. There is increasing evidence supporting that the miRNAs not only regulate gene expression but they also are involved in the hypermethylation of promoter sequences, which cumulatively contributes to the epigenetic gene silencing. Here, we critically evaluated the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation of an important suppressor protein that inhibits cytokine-mediated signaling, SOCS3, whose expression is directly regulated both by promoter methylation and also by microRNAs, affecting its vital cell regulating functions. SOCS3 was identified as a potent inhibitor of Jak/Stat signaling pathway which is frequently upregulated in several pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, viral infections, and the expression of SOCS3 was inhibited or greatly reduced due to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in its promoter region or suppression of its expression by different microRNAs. Additionally, we discuss key intracellular signaling pathways regulated by SOCS3 involving cellular events, including cell proliferation, cell growth, cell migration and apoptosis. Identification of the pathway intermediates as specific targets would not only aid in the development of novel therapeutic drugs, but, would also assist in developing new treatment strategies that could successfully be employed in combination therapy to target multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Boosani
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
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87
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Expression and localization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -7, -9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2, -3) in the chicken oviduct during maturation. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:185-97. [PMID: 26395636 PMCID: PMC4819740 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although participation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in reproductive tract remodeling has been strongly suggested in mammalian species, the role of MMPs in the avian oviduct has received little attention. To gain a better understanding of the potential role of the MMP system in avian oviduct development, mRNA and protein expression, localization of selected MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and gelatinolytic activity in the oviduct of growing chickens were examined. The oviducts were collected from Hy-Line Brown hens before (10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks of age) and after (week 17) the onset of egg laying. The MMP-2, -7, -9 and TIMP-2 and -3 genes were found to be differentially expressed in all examined oviductal sections: the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and shell gland on both mRNA (by real time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (by western blotting and immunohistochemistry) levels. In the course of oviduct development, the relative expression of all genes decreased in most sections. Protein level of MMP-9 was diminished, while MMP-7 and TIMP-3 were elevated in the oviduct of growing birds. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 protein levels remained constant, with a slight increase in MMP-2 concentration just before reaching maturity. The relative activity of MMP-2 and -9 (assessed by gelatin zymography) was higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in immature birds compared with adults. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated cell- and tissue-specific localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the wall of the chicken oviduct. We concluded that changes in the expression of examined MMPs and their inhibitors, as well as alterations in MMP activity occurring simultaneously with changes in the morphology of the chicken oviduct, suggest the involvement of the MMP system in the proper development and functioning of this organ. Mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of MMPs require further clarification.
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88
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Chen KC, Liao YC, Wang JY, Lin YC, Chen CH, Juo SHH. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and gastroenterological cancers via epigenomical regulation of microRNA-210. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24105-18. [PMID: 26254226 PMCID: PMC4695173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, including the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) accumulation, is a risk and highly associated with the development of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. microRNA-210 (miR-210), a hypoxia-responsive microRNA regulated by HIF-1α, has been implicated in cancer and cardiovascular disease formation. Furthermore, Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the promoter of the miR-210 gene contains CpG-rich regions. It is unclear whether miR-210 expression could be epigenetically regulated in these disease progresses. The study aimed to explore the relationships between lipid and miR-210 in the context of cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal cancer. We demonstrated oxLDL can decrease methylation in the miR-210 promoter to up-regulate miR-210. HIF-1α can bind to miR-210 promoter, but this HIF-1α binding site can be blocked by methylation. We showed that subjects of carotid atherosclerosis, stroke patients and cancer patients had hypomethylation in the miR-210 promoter, especially the HIF-1α binding site. Furthermore, miR-210 can directly inhibit sprouty-related EVH1 domain 2 (SPRED2) expressions, and SPRED2 reduces cell migration via ERK/c-Fos/MMPs pathways. Increased miR-210 and reduced SPRED2 levels were found in aorta of mice under high-fat diet and tumor tissues, which implied that miR-210 can be an underlying mechanism to explain oxLDL as a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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89
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Deleon-Pennell KY, Altara R, Yabluchanskiy A, Modesti A, Lindsey ML. The circular relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inflammation following myocardial infarction. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:611-8. [PMID: 26269290 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) regulates remodeling of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction (MI) and is tightly linked to the inflammatory response. The inflammatory response serves to recruit leukocytes as part of the wound healing reaction to the MI injury, and infiltrated leukocytes produce cytokines and chemokines that stimulate MMP-9 production and release. In turn, MMP-9 proteolyzes cytokines and chemokines. Although in most cases, MMP-9 cleavage of the cytokine or chemokine substrate serves to increase activity, there are cases where cleavage results in reduced activity. Global MMP-9 deletion in mouse MI models has proven beneficial, suggesting inhibition of some aspects of MMP-9 activity may be valuable for clinical use. At the same time, overexpression of MMP-9 in macrophages has also proven beneficial, indicating that we still do not fully understand the complexity of MMP-9 mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize the cycle of MMP-9 effects on cytokine production and cleavage to regulate leukocyte functions. Although we use MI as the example process, similar events occur in other inflammatory and wound healing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Deleon-Pennell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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90
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Yu F, Lu Z, Chen B, Wu X, Dong P, Zheng J. Salvianolic acid B-induced microRNA-152 inhibits liver fibrosis by attenuating DNMT1-mediated Patched1 methylation. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2617-32. [PMID: 26257392 PMCID: PMC4627567 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reported to be involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), contributing to the development of liver fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition can be promoted by the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Patched1 (PTCH1), a negative regulatory factor of the Hh signalling pathway, was down-regulated during liver fibrosis and associated with its hypermethylation status. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play a critical role in the control of various HSCs functions. However, miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulations in EMT during liver fibrosis are seldom studied. In this study, Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) suppressed the activation of HSCs in CCl4-treated mice and mouse primary HSCs, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation, type I collagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin. We demonstrated that the antifibrotic effects caused by Sal B were, at least in part, via inhibition of EMT and the Hh pathway. In particular, up-regulation of PTCH1 was associated with decreased DNA methylation level after Sal B treatment. Accordingly, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was attenuated by Sal B in vivo and in vitro. The knockdown of DNMT1 in Sal B-treated HSCs enhanced PTCH1 expression and its demethylation level. Interestingly, increased miR-152 in Sal B-treated cells was responsible for the hypomethylation of PTCH1 by Sal B. As confirmed by the luciferase activity assay, DNMT1 was a direct target of miR-152. Further studies showed that the miR-152 inhibitor reversed Sal B-mediated PTCH1 up-regulation and DNMT1 down-regulation. Collectively, miR-152 induced by Sal B, contributed to DNMT1 down-regulation and epigenetically regulated PTCH1, resulting in the inhibition of EMT in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peihong Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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91
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Liu H, Wang B, Lin J, Zhao L. microRNA-29b: an emerging player in human cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9059-64. [PMID: 25422179 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post transcriptional/translational level. They have emerging as playing crucial roles in cancer at all stages ranging from initiation to metastasis. As a tumor suppressor miRNA, aberrant expression of microRNA-29b (miR-29b) has been detected in various types of cancer, and its disturbance is related with tumor development and progression. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumor suppressor signature of miR-29b and its regulatory mechanisms. Our review highlights the diverse relationships between miR-29b and its target genes in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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92
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Tu J, Ng SH, Luk ACS, Liao J, Jiang X, Feng B, Lun Mak KK, Rennert OM, Chan WY, Lee TL. MicroRNA-29b/Tet1 regulatory axis epigenetically modulates mesendoderm differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:7805-22. [PMID: 26130713 PMCID: PMC4652748 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten eleven translocation (Tet) family-mediated DNA oxidation on 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) represents a novel epigenetic modification that regulates dynamic gene expression during embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. Through the role of Tet on 5hmC regulation in stem cell development is relatively defined, how the Tet family is regulated and impacts on ESCs lineage development remains elusive. In this study, we show non-coding RNA regulation on Tet family may contribute to epigenetic regulation during ESCs differentiation, which is suggested by microRNA-29b (miR-29b) binding sites on the Tet1 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). We demonstrate miR-29b increases sharply after embyoid body (EB) formation, which causes Tet1 repression and reduction of cellular 5hmC level during ESCs differentiation. Importantly, we show this miR-29b/Tet1 regulatory axis promotes the mesendoderm lineage formation both in vitro and in vivo by inducing the Nodal signaling pathway and repressing the key target of the active demethylation pathway, Tdg. Taken together, our findings underscore the contribution of small non-coding RNA mediated regulation on DNA demethylation dynamics and the differential expressions of key mesendoderm regulators during ESCs lineage specification. MiR-29b could potentially be applied to enrich production of mesoderm and endoderm derivatives and be further differentiated into desired organ-specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuk Han Ng
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred Chun Shui Luk
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kingston King Lun Mak
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Owen M Rennert
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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93
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Miousse IR, Currie R, Datta K, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, French JE, Harrill AH, Koturbash I, Lawton M, Mann D, Meehan RR, Moggs JG, O'Lone R, Rasoulpour RJ, Pera RAR, Thompson K. Importance of investigating epigenetic alterations for industry and regulators: An appraisal of current efforts by the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Toxicology 2015; 335:11-9. [PMID: 26134581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have led to rapid progress in the characterization of epigenetic modifications that control gene expression in a generally heritable way, and are likely involved in defining cellular phenotypes, developmental stages and disease status from one generation to the next. On November 18, 2013, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) held a symposium entitled "Advances in Assessing Adverse Epigenetic Effects of Drugs and Chemicals" in Washington, D.C. The goal of the symposium was to identify gaps in knowledge and highlight promising areas of progress that represent opportunities to utilize epigenomic profiling for risk assessment of drugs and chemicals. Epigenomic profiling has the potential to provide mechanistic information in toxicological safety assessments; this is especially relevant for the evaluation of carcinogenic or teratogenic potential and also for drugs that directly target epigenetic modifiers, like DNA methyltransferases or histone modifying enzymes. Furthermore, it can serve as an endpoint or marker for hazard characterization in chemical safety assessment. The assessment of epigenetic effects may also be approached with new model systems that could directly assess transgenerational effects or potentially sensitive stem cell populations. These would enhance the range of safety assessment tools for evaluating xenobiotics that perturb the epigenome. Here we provide a brief synopsis of the symposium, update findings since that time and then highlight potential directions for future collaborative efforts to incorporate epigenetic profiling into risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Richard Currie
- Syngenta Jealotts Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Heidrun Ellinger-Ziegelbauer
- Toxicology, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany; Member of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) BioMARkers & molecular tumor classification for non-genotoxic CARcinogenesis (MARCAR) consortium www.imi-marcar.eu
| | - John E French
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alison H Harrill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Derek Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Member of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) BioMARkers & molecular tumor classification for non-genotoxic CARcinogenesis (MARCAR) consortium www.imi-marcar.eu
| | - Jonathan G Moggs
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Member of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) BioMARkers & molecular tumor classification for non-genotoxic CARcinogenesis (MARCAR) consortium www.imi-marcar.eu
| | - Raegan O'Lone
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Reza J Rasoulpour
- Toxicology Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | | | - Karol Thompson
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, OCP, CDER, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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94
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The relevance of epigenetics to occlusive cerebral and peripheral arterial disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:537-58. [PMID: 25671777 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Athero-thrombosis of the arteries supplying the brain and lower limb are the main causes of stroke and limb loss. New therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of athero-thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests a role for epigenetic changes in the development and progression of ischaemic injury due to atherosclerotic occlusion of peripheral arteries. DNA hypermethylation have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Histone post-translational modifications have also been implicated in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression within endothelial cells is controlled by phosphorylation/acetylation of histone H3 and acetylation of histone H4 for example. There are a number of challenges in translating the growing evidence implicating epigenetics in atherosclerosis to improved therapies for patients. These include the small therapeutic window in conditions such as acute stroke and critical limb ischaemia, since interventions introduced in such patients need to act rapidly and be safe in elderly patients with many co-morbidities. Pre-clinical animal experiments have also reported conflicting effects of some novel epigenetic drugs, which suggest that further in-depth studies are required to better understand their efficacy in resolving ischaemic injury. Effective ways of dealing with these challenges are needed before epigenetic approaches to therapy can be introduced into practice.
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95
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Kalani A, Kamat PK, Kalani K, Tyagi N. Epigenetic impact of curcumin on stroke prevention. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:427-35. [PMID: 24788895 PMCID: PMC4216637 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic impact of curcumin in stroke and neurodegenerative disorders is curiosity-arousing. It is derived from Curcuma longa (spice), possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic, neuro-protective and recently shown to exhibit epigenetic modulatory properties. Epigenetic studies include DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA-based mechanisms which regulate gene expression without altering nucleotide sequences. Curcumin has been shown to affect cancer by altering epigenetic changes but its role as an epigenetic agent in cerebral stroke has not been much explored. Although curcumin possesses remarkable medicinal properties, the bioavailability of curcumin has limited its success in epigenetic studies and clinical trials. The present review is therefore designed to look into epigenetic mechanisms that could be induced with curcumin during stroke, along with its molecular designing with different moieties that may increase its bioavailability. Curcumin has been shown to be encapsulated in exosomes, nano-vesicles (<200 nm), thereby showing its therapeutic effects in brain diseases. Curcumin delivered through nanoparticles has been shown to be neuroregenerative but the use of nanoparticles in brain has limitations. Hence, curcumin-encapsulated exosomes along with curcumin-primed exosomes (exosomes released by curcumin-treated cells) are much needed to be explored to broadly look into their use as a novel therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Komal Kalani
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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96
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Chaturvedi P, Kalani A, Medina I, Familtseva A, Tyagi SC. Cardiosome mediated regulation of MMP9 in diabetic heart: role of mir29b and mir455 in exercise. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2153-61. [PMID: 25824442 PMCID: PMC4568920 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
'Cardiosomes' (exosomes from cardiomyocytes) have recently emerged as nanovesicles (30-100 nm) released in the cardiosphere by myocytes and cardiac progenitor cells, though their role in diabetes remains elusive. Diabetic cardiovascular complications are unequivocally benefitted from exercise; however, the molecular mechanisms need exploration. This novel study is based on our observation that exercise brings down the levels of activated (Matrix Metalloprotease 9) in db/db mice in a model of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that exosomes that are released during exercise contain microRNAs (mir455, mir29b, mir323-5p and mir466) that bind to the 3' region of MMP9 and downregulate its expression, hence mitigating the deleterious downstream effects of MMP9, which causes extracellular matrix remodeling. First, we confirmed the presence of exosomes in the heart tissue and serum by electron microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively, in the four treatment groups: (i) db/control, (ii) db/control+exercise, (iii) db/db and (iv) db/db+exercise. Use of exosomal markers CD81, Flottilin 1, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the isolated exosomes confirmed enhanced exosomal release in the exercise group. The microRNAs isolated from the exosomes contained mir455, mir29b, mir323-5p and mir466 as quantified by qRTPCR, however, mir29b and mir455 showed highest upregulation. We performed 2D zymography which revealed significantly lowered activity of MMP9 in the db/db exercise group as compared to non-exercise group. The immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed the downregulated expression of MMP9 after exercise. Since MMP9 is involved in matrix degradation and leads to fibrosis and myocyte uncoupling, the present study provides a strong evidence how exercise can mitigate these conditions in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ilza Medina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anastasia Familtseva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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97
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Wang S, Anderson C. Micromanaging Atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Xiong XY, Meng S, Yang X, Wang H. Methylation and Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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99
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Guay SP, Brisson D, Mathieu P, Bossé Y, Gaudet D, Bouchard L. A study in familial hypercholesterolemia suggests reduced methylomic plasticity in men with coronary artery disease. Epigenomics 2015; 7:17-34. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess whether DNA methylation is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials & methods: An epigenome-wide analysis has been performed on leucocytes from familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) men with (n = 6) or without CAD (n = 6). The results were replicated in an extended sample of FH men (n = 61) and in non-FH men (n = 100) for two of the top differentially methylated loci. Results: FH men with CAD had significantly more hypomethylated and hypermethylated loci and showed less DNA methylation level variability compared with men without CAD (p < 0.001). Moreover, COL14A1 and MMP9 DNA methylation levels were associated with CAD, age of onset of CAD or CAD risk factors. Conclusion: These results suggest that epigenome-wide changes are associated with CAD occurrence in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-Pierre Guay
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, University-Affiliated Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 rue St-Vallier, Saguenay, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, University-Affiliated Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 rue St-Vallier, Saguenay, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
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100
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Gaffney J, Solomonov I, Zehorai E, Sagi I. Multilevel regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in tissue homeostasis indicates their molecular specificity in vivo. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:191-9. [PMID: 25622911 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in irreversible remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in normal homeostasis and pathological states. Accumulating data from various studies strongly suggest that MMPs are tightly regulated, starting from the level of gene expression all the way to zymogen activation and endogenous inhibition, with each level controlled by multiple factors. Recent in vivo findings indicate that cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions, as well as ECM bio-active products, contribute an additional layer of regulation at all levels, indicating that individual MMP expression and activity in vivo are highly coordinated and tissue specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gaffney
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldar Zehorai
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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