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Go YM, Jones DP. Redox theory of aging: implications for health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1669-1688. [PMID: 28667066 PMCID: PMC5773128 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetics ultimately defines an individual, yet the phenotype of an adult is extensively determined by the sequence of lifelong exposures, termed the exposome. The redox theory of aging recognizes that animals evolved within an oxygen-rich environment, which created a critical redox interface between an organism and its environment. Advances in redox biology show that redox elements are present throughout metabolic and structural systems and operate as functional networks to support the genome in adaptation to environmental resources and challenges during lifespan. These principles emphasize that physical and functional phenotypes of an adult are determined by gene-environment interactions from early life onward. The principles highlight the critical nature of cumulative exposure memories in defining changes in resilience progressively during life. Both plasma glutathione and cysteine systems become oxidized with aging, and the recent finding that cystine to glutathione ratio in human plasma predicts death in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients suggests this could provide a way to measure resilience of redox networks in aging and disease. The emerging concepts of cumulative gene-environment interactions warrant focused efforts to elucidate central mechanisms by which exposure memory governs health and etiology, onset and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A.
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Meuret AE, Kroll J, Ritz T. Panic Disorder Comorbidity with Medical Conditions and Treatment Implications. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2017; 13:209-240. [PMID: 28375724 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is unique among the anxiety disorders in that panic symptoms are primarily of a physical nature. Consequently, comorbidity with medical illness is significant. This review examines the association between PD and medical illness. We identify shared pathophysiological and psychological correlates and illustrate how physiological activation in panic sufferers underlies their symptom experience in the context of the fight-or-flight response and beyond a situation-specific response pattern. We then review evidence for bodily symptom perception accuracy in PD. Prevalence of comorbidity for PD and medical illness is presented, with a focus on respiratory and cardiovascular illness, irritable bowel syndrome, and diabetes, followed by an outline for potential pathways of a bidirectional association. We conclude by illustrating commonalities in mediating mechanistic pathways and moderating risk factors across medical illnesses, and we discuss implications for diagnosis and treatment of both types of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Meuret
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275;
| | - Juliet Kroll
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275;
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275;
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Li Z, Kesse-Guyot E, Dumas O, Garcia-Aymerich J, Leynaert B, Pison C, Le Moual N, Romieu I, Siroux V, Camargo CA, Nadif R, Varraso R. Longitudinal study of diet quality and change in asthma symptoms in adults, according to smoking status. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:562-571. [PMID: 28382891 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that increased asthma prevalence in westernised countries is associated with changes in lifestyle factors, including a poorer diet. However, little is known regarding the association between diet quality and asthma. In the diet-asthma association, the role of BMI as a potential mediator needs clarification; moreover, potential effect modification by non-diet sources of oxidants, such as smoking, merits investigation. We investigated the association between diet quality and change in asthma symptoms, as well as assessed effect modification by smoking, while accounting for BMI as a potential mediator. Using data from the French prospective Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma study, we assessed diet quality using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) at baseline and change in asthma symptoms (stable (reference), worsening, improved; mean follow-up time: 7 years). Mediation analysis was used to disentangle total and direct effects and the indirect effect mediated by BMI. The analyses included 969 adults (mean age 43 years; 49 % men; 42 % ever asthma). We observed a significant interaction between smoking and AHEI-2010 on change in asthma symptoms (P for interaction=0·04). Among never smokers (n 499), we observed a positive total effect (multivariable OR 1·39; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·80) and a positive direct effect (OR 1·41; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·80) of the AHEI-2010 (per ten-point increment) on improved symptoms. No indirect effect mediated through BMI was observed (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·91, 1·07). Among former and current smokers, all effects were statistically non-significant. Better diet quality was associated with improved asthma symptoms over time in never smokers, independently of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- 1Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases,Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif F-94807,France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- 4Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité,Bobigny F-93000,France
| | - Orianne Dumas
- 1Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases,Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif F-94807,France
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- 5ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL),Barcelona E-08003,Spain
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- 8Inserm, U1152,Physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, équipe Epidémiologie,Paris F-75018,France
| | - Christophe Pison
- 10Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Grenoble,Grenoble F-38043,France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- 1Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases,Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif F-94807,France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- 13Instituto Nacional De Salud Publica,Cuernavac 62508, Mexico; currently at International Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon F-69008,France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- 14Inserm, Institut Albert Bonniot (IAB),Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble F-38042,France
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- 17Department of Emergency Medicine,Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA 02114,USA
| | - Rachel Nadif
- 1Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases,Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif F-94807,France
| | - Raphaëlle Varraso
- 1Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases,Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches,Villejuif F-94807,France
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Nejatbakhsh F, Karegar-Borzi H, Amin G, Eslaminejad A, Hosseini M, Bozorgi M, Gharabaghi MA. Squill Oxymel, a traditional formulation from Drimia Maritima (L.) Stearn, as an add-on treatment in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma: A pilot, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:186-192. [PMID: 27998692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), Squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) Oxymel was utilized in the treatment of asthma. Squill has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cholinergic, and mucus secretion modulating effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to make a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an add-on Squill Oxymel treatment in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma. METHODS In a 6-week, triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 60 patients with stable moderate to severe persistent asthma were randomly allocated to receive either 10ml syrup of Squill Oxymel, simple oxymel, or a placebo 2 times a day, as an add-on to their routine treatment (inhaled corticosteroids and β2 agonists). Spirometry and plethysmography were performed on patients to evaluate the effect of the treatment at baseline and end of intervention. Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1) was considered the primary outcome. St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) was also used for the subjective evaluation of patients' responses. RESULTS Fifty-four patients completed the study. The results showed significant improvement in spirometry parameters, especially FEV1 (1.54±.38 vs. 2.11±.49l), in the Squill Oxymel group compared with the other groups. The increases in FEV1 liter, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, and MEF 25-75% during the intervention were significantly higher in the Squill Oxymel group than in the other groups (p<.001). However, the improvement of plethysmographic parameters showed no significant difference between the study groups (p>.05). The SGRQ scores (symptoms, activity, and total score) were significantly improved after intervention in both the Squill Oxymel and the simple honey oxymel groups (p<.001), but not in the placebo group. Nausea and vomiting was reported in 5 patients in Squill oxymel and simple oxymel groups. No other serious adverse event was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study show preliminary evidence for the efficacy and safety of the add-on treatment of Squill Oxymel in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Karegar-Borzi
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Bozorgi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Asadi Gharabaghi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Keshavarz Boulevard, Medical Sciences/Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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Costa Carvalho JL, de Brito AA, de Oliveira APL, de Castro Faria Neto HC, Pereira TM, de Carvalho RA, Anatriello E, Aimbire F. The chemokines secretion and the oxidative stress are targets of low-level laser therapy in allergic lung inflammation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1208-1221. [PMID: 27649282 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an important anti-inflammatory action in acute lung inflammation. The present work explored if laser therapy is able to antagonize eosinophils and allergic inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Balb/c mice. Forty-eight hours after challenge, the leukocyte counting, ROS and nitrite/nitrate level, RANTES, CCL3, CCL8 as well as eotaxins were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of laser-treated mice or not. Into the lung, some chemokines receptors, the iNOS activity and mRNA expression, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, gluthatione, NADPH oxidase activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (T-Bars) were measured. Laser-treated allergic mice presented reduction of both the ICAM-1 and eosinophil in the lungs. RANTES, CCL8, CCL3 and eotaxins were reduced in BALF of laser-treated allergic mice. In allergic mice lung LLLT decreased the CCR1 and CCR3 and restored the oxidative stress balance as well. Laser decreased the lipidic peroxidation in allergic mice lung as much as increased SOD, GPx and GR. It shows that LLLT on allergic lung inflammation involves leukocyte-attractant chemokines and endogenous antioxidant. Based on results, LLLT may ultimately become a non- invasive option in allergic lung disease treatment. The top figure illustrates the laser decreasing the eosinophils migration into BALF and the bottom figure shows the laser upregulating the expression of heme-oxygenase (anti-oxidant enzyme) in lung tissue anti-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Costa Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Auriléia Aparecida de Brito
- Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology-LABPEI, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Martini Pereira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology-LABPEI, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini de Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Anatriello
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors suppresses the ROS-induced hypersensitivity of rat vagal lung C-fiber afferents. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Sun X, Ren L. The protective role of vitamin D3 in a murine model of asthma via the suppression of TGF-β/Smad signaling and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2389-96. [PMID: 27484042 PMCID: PMC4991747 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common worldwide health burden, the prevalence of which is increasing. Recently, the biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, has been reported to have a protective role in murine asthma; however, the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D3 attenuates asthma-associated airway injury remain elusive. In the present study, BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and were administered 100 ng 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (intraperitoneal injection) 30 min prior to each airway challenge. The inflammatory responses were measured by ELISA, airway damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, airway remodeling was analyzed by Masson staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining, markers of oxidative stress were measured by commercial kits, and the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the activity of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathways were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results demonstrated that OVA-induced airway inflammation and immunoglobulin E overexpression were significantly reduced by vitamin D3 treatment. In addition, treatment with vitamin D3 decreased α-SMA expression, collagen deposition and goblet cell hyperplasia, and inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling in the asthmatic airway. The upregulated levels of malondialdehyde, and the reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in OVA-challenged mice were also markedly restored following vitamin D3 treatment. Furthermore, treatment with vitamin D3 enhanced activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the airways of asthmatic mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that vitamin D3 may protect airways from asthmatic damage via the suppression of TGF-β/Smad signaling and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway; however, these protective effects were shown to be accompanied by hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ren
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Smith GJ, Thrall RS, Cloutier MM, Manautou JE, Morris JB. Acetaminophen Attenuates House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Airway Disease in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:569-79. [PMID: 27402277 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, likely through pro-oxidant mechanisms. However, no studies have investigated the direct effects of APAP on the development of allergic inflammation. To determine the likelihood of a causal relationship between APAP and asthma pathogenesis, we explored the effects of APAP on inflammatory responses in a murine house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic airway disease. We hypothesized that APAP would enhance the development of HDM-induced allergic inflammation. The HDM model consisted of once daily intranasal instillations for up to 2 weeks with APAP or vehicle administration 1 hour prior to HDM during either week 1 or 2. Primary assessment of inflammation included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), cytokine expression in lung tissue, and histopathology. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effects of HDM treatment were substantially diminished in APAP-treated groups compared with controls. APAP-treated groups had markedly reduced airway inflammation: including decreased inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid, lower cytokine expression in lung tissue, and less perivascular and peribronchiolar immune cell infiltration. The anti-inflammatory effect of APAP was not abrogated by an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (P450) metabolism, suggesting that the effect was due to the parent compound or a non-P450 generated metabolite. Taken together, our studies do not support the biologic plausibility of the APAP hypothesis that APAP use may contribute to the causation of asthma. Importantly, we suggest the mechanism by which APAP modulates airway inflammation may provide novel therapeutic targets for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (G.J.S., J.E.M., J.B.M); Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (R.S.T.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut (M.M.C.)
| | - Roger S Thrall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (G.J.S., J.E.M., J.B.M); Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (R.S.T.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut (M.M.C.)
| | - Michelle M Cloutier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (G.J.S., J.E.M., J.B.M); Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (R.S.T.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut (M.M.C.)
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (G.J.S., J.E.M., J.B.M); Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (R.S.T.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut (M.M.C.)
| | - John B Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (G.J.S., J.E.M., J.B.M); Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (R.S.T.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut (M.M.C.)
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McGovern T, Goldberger M, Chen M, Allard B, Hamamoto Y, Kanaoka Y, Austen KF, Powell WS, Martin JG. CysLT1 Receptor Is Protective against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Irritant-Induced Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:266-77. [PMID: 27226094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bronchoconstrictive and proinflammatory properties of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) in allergic asthma mediate their effects predominantly through the cysLT1 receptor (cysLT1R). However, the role of cysLTs and cysLT1R in innate immune-triggered asthma is largely unexplored. We explored the synthesis of cysLTs and cysLT1R as determinants of airway responses in an oxidative stress-induced model of irritant asthma. Wild-type (WT) mice exposed to 100 ppm Cl2 for 5 min had airway neutrophilia, increased cysLT production, and pulmonary expression of cysLT-related biosynthetic genes. CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1(-/-)) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice. Compared to WT mice, airway neutrophilia and keratinocyte chemoattractant production levels were higher in CysLTr1(-/-) mice and airway hyperresponsiveness was ameliorated using a granulocyte depletion Ab. CysLTr1(-/-) mice also demonstrated prolonged bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis following Cl2 WT mice showed increased antioxidant and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation in bronchial epithelial cells, and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione following Cl2 exposure whereas CysLTr1(-/-) mice did not. Furthermore, CysLTr1(-/-) mice demonstrated increased pulmonary E-cadherin expression and soluble E-cadherin shedding compared with WT mice. Loss of a functional cysLT1R results in aberrant antioxidant response and increased susceptibility to oxidative injury, apparently via a cysLT1R-dependent impairment of Nrf2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Madison Goldberger
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Michael Chen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02130; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02130; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada;
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Smith GJ, Cichocki JA, Doughty BJ, Manautou JE, Jordt SE, Morris JB. Effects of Acetaminophen on Oxidant and Irritant Respiratory Tract Responses to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Female Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:642-50. [PMID: 26452297 PMCID: PMC4858387 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that acetaminophen causes oxidative injury in the liver, it is not known whether it causes oxidative stress in the respiratory tract. If so, this widely used analgesic may potentiate the adverse effects of oxidant air pollutants. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine if acetaminophen induces respiratory tract oxidative stress and/or potentiates the oxidative stress and irritant responses to an inhaled oxidant: environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). METHODS Acetaminophen [100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip)] and/or sidestream tobacco smoke (as a surrogate for ETS, 5 mg/m3 for 10 min) were administered to female C57Bl/6J mice, and airway oxidative stress was assessed by loss of tissue antioxidants [estimated by nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels] and/or induction of oxidant stress response genes. In addition, the effects of acetaminophen on airway irritation reflex responses to ETS were examined by plethysmography. RESULTS Acetaminophen diminished NPSH in nasal, thoracic extrapulmonary, and lung tissues; it also induced the oxidant stress response genes glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, in these sites. ETS produced a similar response. The response to acetaminophen plus ETS was equal to or greater than the sum of the responses to either agent alone. Although it had no effect by itself, acetaminophen greatly increased the reflex irritant response to ETS. CONCLUSIONS At supratherapeutic levels, acetaminophen induced oxidative stress throughout the respiratory tract and appeared to potentiate some responses to environmentally relevant ETS exposure in female C57Bl/6J mice. These results highlight the potential for this widely used drug to modulate responsiveness to oxidant air pollutants. CITATION Smith GJ, Cichocki JA, Doughty BJ, Manautou JE, Jordt SE, Morris JB. 2016. Effects of acetaminophen on oxidant and irritant respiratory tract responses to environmental tobacco smoke in female mice. Environ Health Perspect 124:642-650; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bennett J. Doughty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jose E. Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John B. Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Sirtuin 1 gene rs2273773 C>T single nucleotide polymorphism and protein oxidation markers in asthmatic patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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da Cunha AA, Nuñez NK, de Souza RG, Vargas MHM, Silveira JS, Antunes GL, Schmitz F, de Souza Wyse AT, Jones MH, Pitrez PM. Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease attenuates oxidative stress in a model of eosinophilic pulmonary response in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:47-55. [PMID: 26738487 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory cells infiltrating the airways produce several mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance might play an important role in the modulation of airways inflammation. In order to avoid the undesirable effects of ROS, various endogenous antioxidant strategies have evolved, incorporating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) in clinical studies demonstrated a reduction in sputum viscosity, cleaving extracellular DNA in the airways, and facilitating mucus clearance, but an antioxidant effect was not studied so far. Therefore, we evaluated whether the administration of rhDNase improves oxidative stress in a murine model of asthma. Mice were sensitized by two subcutaneous injections of ovalbumin (OVA), on days 0 and 7, followed by three lung challenges with OVA on days 14, 15, and 16. On days 15 and 16, after 2 h of the challenge with OVA, mice received 1 mg/mL of rhDNase in the lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were obtained on day 17, for inflammatory and oxidative stress analysis. We showed that rhDNase did not alter the population of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophil cells, in OVA-treated rhDNase group but significantly improved oxidative stress in lung tissue, by decreasing oxygen reactive species and increasing superoxide dismutase/catalase ratio, glutathione peroxidase activity, and thiol content. Our data provide the first evidence that rhDNase decreases some measures of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in a murine model of asthma, with a potential antioxidant effect to be further studied in human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Nailê Karine Nuñez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Godinho de Souza
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mauro Henrique Moraes Vargas
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Terezinha de Souza Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690 Ipiranga Avenue, 2nd Floor, Room 13, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Yadav AS, Saini M. Evaluation of Systemic Antioxidant Level and Oxidative Stress in Relation to Lifestyle and Disease Progression in Asthmatic Patients. J Med Biochem 2015; 35:55-62. [PMID: 28356865 PMCID: PMC5346802 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways. Oxidative stress is an important part of asthma pathogenesis. It plays a crucial role in exacerbating the disease, as well as an important consequence of airways inflammation. Aim The present study was undertaken to investigate the lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in serum and antioxidant level in plasma of asthmatic patients and their association with lifestyle and severity of the disease. Methods A total of 210 subjects, 120 asthmatics and 90 healthy controls matched in respect to age, sex, lifestyle and socioeconomic status, were chosen randomly for the present study. The samples were analyzed for MDA concentration and catalase activity in serum and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Statistical analysis was done using unpaired Student’s t-test, ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test and Pearson coefficient of correlation. Results The serum MDA was found to be significantly higher in the asthmatics as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.01) while catalase activity in serum and antioxidant level of the plasma were markedly lower in the asthmatics as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.01). A significant difference was observed in serum MDA, catalase activity and plasma antioxidant level among the patients in relation to the severity of disease. There was a marked increase in the serum MDA in the patients with longer duration of the disease (p<0.05). Conclusions The oxidant–antioxidant imbalance occurs in asthma leading to oxidative stress and is an important part of the asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Singh Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and asthma among children 6-19 years: NHANES 2001-2008 and NHANES 2011-2012. Respir Med 2015; 110:20-7. [PMID: 26626452 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that can induce oxidative stress and related cytotoxicity. Whether environmental exposure of PAHs has effects on asthma in the general population is still unclear. This study investigated the association of urinary PAHs with asthma in U.S. children. METHODS 15 447 children who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008 and 2011-2012 were studied. Ten urinary PAHs were analyzed for their association with asthma or asthma related symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess associations between urinary PAHs and asthma adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index and the poverty income ratio. RESULTS When stratified by age and sex, we found a remarkable association between urinary 2-phenanthrene and diagnosed asthma in boys (OR: 2.353, 95% CI: 1.156-4.792; P = 0.021) aged 13-19 years old. Positive association was observed between ever wheeze and 4-phenanthrene among girls aged 13-19 years (OR: 4.086, 95% CI: 1.326-12.584, P = 0.043). Moreover, an overall positive association between 1-pyrene and diagnosed asthma was observed. However, no association existed between levels of 1-napthol, 2-napthol, 3-fluorene, 2-fluorene, 3-phenanthrene, 1-phenanthrene or 9-fluorene with asthma or asthma symptom in this population. CONCLUSIONS This data provide epidemiological evidences that urinary PAHs are positively associated with asthma in children aged 6-19 years. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further exploration.
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Assayag M, Goldstein S, Samuni A, Berkman N. Cyclic nitroxide radicals attenuate inflammation and Hyper-responsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:148-56. [PMID: 26119784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of stable cyclic nitroxide radicals have been extensively investigated both in vivo and in vitro demonstrating anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, anti-mutagenic, age-retardant, hypotensive, anti-cancer and anti-teratogenic activities. Yet, these stable radicals have not been evaluated in asthma and other airway inflammatory disorders. The present study investigated the effect of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (TPL) and 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3-CP) in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. Both 3-CP and TPL were non-toxic when administered either orally (1% w/w nitroxide-containing chow) or via intraperitoneal (IP) injection (∼300 mg/kg). Feeding the mice orally demonstrated that 3-CP was more effective than TPL in reducing inflammatory cell recruitment into the airway and in suppressing airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in OVA-challenged mice. To characterize the optimal time-window of intervention and mode of drug administration, 3-CP was given orally during allergen sensitization, during allergen challenge or during both sensitization and challenge stages, and via IP injection or intranasal instillation for 3 days during the challenge period. 3-CP given via all modes of delivery markedly inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation, expression of cytokines, AHR and protein nitration of the lung tissue. Oral administration during the entire experiment was the most efficient delivery of 3-CP and was more effective than dexamethasone a potent corticosteroid used for asthma treatment. Under a similar administration regimen (IP injection before the OVA challenge), the effect of 3-CP was similar to that of dexamethasone and even greater on AHR and protein nitration. The protective effect of the nitroxides, which preferentially react with free radicals, in suppressing the increase of main asthmatic inflammatory markers substantiate the key role played by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the molecular mechanism of asthma. The present results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of nitroxides for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Assayag
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Brown RH, Reynolds C, Brooker A, Talalay P, Fahey JW. Sulforaphane improves the bronchoprotective response in asthmatics through Nrf2-mediated gene pathways. Respir Res 2015; 16:106. [PMID: 26369337 PMCID: PMC4570035 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely recognized that deep inspiration (DI), either before methacholine (MCh) challenge (Bronchoprotection, BP) or after MCh challenge (Bronchodilation, BD) protects against this challenge in healthy individuals, but not in asthmatics. Sulforaphane, a dietary antioxidant and antiinflammatory phytochemical derived from broccoli, may affect the pulmonary bronchoconstrictor responses to MCh and the responses to DI in asthmatic patients. Methods Forty-five moderate asthmatics were administered sulforaphane (100 μmol daily for 14 days), BP, BD, lung volumes by body-plethsmography, and airway morphology by computed tomography (CT) were measured pre- and post sulforaphane consumption. Results Sulforaphane ameliorated the bronchoconstrictor effects of MCh on FEV1 significantly (on average by 21 %; p = 0.01) in 60 % of these asthmatics. Interestingly, in 20 % of the asthmatics, sulforaphane aggravated the bronchoconstrictor effects of MCh and in a similar number was without effect, documenting the great heterogeneity of the responsiveness of these individuals to sulforaphane. Moreover, in individuals in whom the FEV1 response to MCh challenge decreased after sulforaphane administration, i.e., sulforaphane was protective, the activities of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes decreased. In contrast, individuals in whom sulforaphane treatment enhanced the FEV1 response to MCh, had increased expression of the activities of these genes. High resolution CT scans disclosed that in asthmatics sulforaphane treatment resulted in a significant reduction in specific airway resistance and also increased small airway luminal area and airway trapping modestly but significantly. Conclusion These findings suggest the potential value of blocking the bronchoconstrictor hyperresponsiveness in some types of asthmatics by phytochemicals such as sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Room E7614, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Curt Reynolds
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Room E7614, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Allison Brooker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Room E7614, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paul Talalay
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Brunst KJ, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:976-91. [PMID: 26046650 PMCID: PMC4714560 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally-induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Dilek F, Ozkaya E, Kocyigit A, Yazici M, Kesgin S, Gedik AH, Cakir E. Effect of montelukast monotherapy on oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in children with asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 167:119-26. [PMID: 26303984 DOI: 10.1159/000436967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample knowledge reported in the literature about the role of oxidative stress in asthma pathogenesis. It is also known that the interaction of reactive oxygen species with DNA may result in DNA strand breaks. The aim of this study was to investigate if montelukast monotherapy affects oxidative stress and DNA damage parameters in a population of pediatric asthma patients. METHODS Group I consisted of 31 newly diagnosed asthmatic patients not taking any medication, and group II consisted of 32 patients who had been treated with montelukast for at least 6 months. Forty healthy control subjects were also enrolled in the study. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured to assess oxidative stress. DNA damage was assessed by means of alkaline comet assay. RESULTS The patients in both group I and group II had statistically significant higher plasma TOS (13.1 ± 4 and 11.1 ± 4.1 μmol H2O2 equivalent/liter, respectively) and low TAS levels (1.4 ± 0.5 and 1.5 ± 0.5 mmol Trolox equivalent/liter, respectively) compared with the control group (TOS: 6.3 ± 3.5 μmol H2O2 equivalent/liter and TAS: 2.7 ± 0.6 mmol Trolox equivalent/liter; p < 0.05). DNA damage was 18.2 ± 1.0 arbitrary units (a.u.) in group I, 16.7 ± 8.2 a.u. in group II and 13.7 ± 3.4 a.u. in the control group. There were statistically significant differences only between group I and the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to the findings, montelukast therapy makes only minimal but not statistically significant improvement in all TOS, TAS and DNA damage parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Dilek
- Divisions of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kacprzak D, Pawliczak R. Does aspirin-induced oxidative stress cause asthma exacerbation? Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:494-504. [PMID: 26170841 PMCID: PMC4495142 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.41960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by severe asthma exacerbations after ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The exact pathomechanism of AIA remains unknown, though ongoing research has shed some light. Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the role of aspirin in the induction of oxidative stress, especially in cancer cell systems. However, it has not excluded the similar action of aspirin in other inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Moreover, increased levels of 8-isoprostanes, reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in expired breath condensate in steroid-naïve patients with AIA compared to AIA patients treated with steroids and healthy volunteers, has been observed. This review is an attempt to cover aspirin-induced oxidative stress action in AIA and to suggest a possible related pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kacprzak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Larkin EK, Gao YT, Gebretsadik T, Hartman TJ, Wu P, Wen W, Yang G, Bai C, Jin M, Roberts LJ, Gross M, Shu XO, Hartert TV. New risk factors for adult-onset incident asthma. A nested case-control study of host antioxidant defense. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:45-53. [PMID: 25408961 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201405-0948oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Host antioxidant defense, consisting of enzymatic antioxidant activity and nonenzymatic antioxidant micronutrients, is implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Studies of antioxidant defense and adult incident asthma have either used measures of antioxidants estimated from questionnaires or not considered enzymatic aspects of host defense. OBJECTIVES We conducted the first study designed and powered to investigate the association of antioxidant defenses on adult incident asthma. METHODS In a nested case-control study, we followed Shanghai women (aged 40-70 years) without prevalent asthma at baseline, over 8 years. Subjects with incident asthma were ascertained prospectively by gold standard testing of symptomatic women and matched to two asymptomatic control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Baseline urinary F2-isoprostanes, plasma concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients (tocopherols, xanthines, carotenes, and lycopene), and antioxidant enzyme activity (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH] and superoxide dismutase) were measured from samples collected before disease onset. Among 65,372 women, 150 (0.24%) developed asthma. F2-isoprostane levels before asthma onset were not different between cases and control subjects. Doubling of α-tocopherol concentrations and PAF-AH activity was associated with 50 and 37% decreased risk of incident asthma (α-tocopherol: adjusted odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.84; PAF-AH: adjusted odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.93). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, α-tocopherol, within normal reference ranges, and PAF-AH enzymatic activity were associated with decreased asthma development. These modifiable risk factors may be an effective strategy to test for primary asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Larkin
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Karimi P, Peters KO, Bidad K, Strickland PT. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:91-101. [PMID: 25600297 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-9988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children living in developed countries and the leading cause of childhood hospitalization and school absenteeism. Prevalence rates of asthma are increasing and show disparities across gender, geographic regions, and ethnic/racial groups. Common risk factors for developing childhood asthma include exposure to tobacco smoke, previous allergic reactions, a family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema, living in an urban environment, obesity and lack of physical exercise, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and male gender. Asthma exacerbation in children can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, and animal dander), viral and bacterial infections, exercise, and exposure to airway irritants. Recent studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a major component of fine particulate matter from combustion sources, is also associated with onset of asthma, and increasing asthmatic symptoms. In this paper, we review sources of childhood PAH exposure and the association between airborne PAH exposure and childhood asthma prevalence and exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Program in Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E7535, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Navratil M, Plavec D, Erceg D, Bulat Lokas S, Živković J, Turkalj M. Urates in exhaled breath condensate as a biomarker of control in childhood asthma. J Asthma 2014; 52:437-46. [PMID: 25387148 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.986740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to (1) investigate the possibility to use urates in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a biomarker of airway inflammation and control in childhood asthma and (2) explore their association with other biomarkers of airway inflammation and clinical indices of asthma control (Asthma Control Test [ACT], quality of life [PAQLQ], lung function, prn beta-agonist use, time from last exacerbation [TLE]. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 103 consecutive patients (age 6-18 years) divided in groups of uncontrolled ([NC], n = 53) and controlled asthma ([C], n = 50). Measured lung function and biomarkers included: spirometry, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), exhaled NO (FENO), pH and urates in EBC and exhaled breath temperature (EBT). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between groups for EBC urates, EBC pH and EBT (NC versus C: EBC urates, median [IQR], µmol/L; 10 [6] versus 45 [29], p < 0.001; EBC pH, mean [SD], 7.2 [0.17] versus 7.33 [0.16], p = 0.002; EBT mean [SD], °C; 34.26 [0.83], versus 33.90 [0.60], p = 0.014). EBC urates showed significant association with TLE and FENO (r = 0.518, p < 0.001; r = 0.369, p = 0.007, respectively) in NC, and EBC pH (r = 0.351, p < 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.222, p = 0.024), ACT (r = 0.654, p < 0.001), PAQLQ (r = 0.686, p < 0.001) and prn salbutamol use (r = -0.527, p < 0.001) in all asthmatics. CONCLUSION In our study, EBC urates were found to be the best single predictor of asthma control and underlying airway inflammation. Our results provide evidence supporting the potential utility to use EBC urates as an additional non-invasive biomarker of control in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navratil
- Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Reference Center for Clinical Pediatric Allergology of the Ministry of Health , Zagreb , Croatia
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73
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Kim SR, Kim DI, Kim SH, Lee H, Lee KS, Cho SH, Lee YC. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mitochondrial ROS in bronchial epithelial cells is required for allergic inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2014. [PMID: 25356867 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.460.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abnormality in mitochondria has been suggested to be associated with development of allergic airway disorders. In this study, to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in allergic asthma, we used a newly developed mitochondrial ROS inhibitor, NecroX-5. NecroX-5 reduced the increase of mitochondrial ROS generation in airway inflammatory cells, as well as bronchial epithelial cells, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, increased expression of various inflammatory mediators and pathophysiological features of allergic asthma in mice. Finally, blockade of IL-1β substantially reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the asthmatic mice. These findings suggest that mitochondrial ROS have a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing a novel role of airway epithelial cells expressing NLRP3 inflammasome as an immune responder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - D I Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Product Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - K S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, South Korea
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NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mitochondrial ROS in bronchial epithelial cells is required for allergic inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1498. [PMID: 25356867 PMCID: PMC4237270 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormality in mitochondria has been suggested to be associated with development of allergic airway disorders. In this study, to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in allergic asthma, we used a newly developed mitochondrial ROS inhibitor, NecroX-5. NecroX-5 reduced the increase of mitochondrial ROS generation in airway inflammatory cells, as well as bronchial epithelial cells, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, increased expression of various inflammatory mediators and pathophysiological features of allergic asthma in mice. Finally, blockade of IL-1β substantially reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the asthmatic mice. These findings suggest that mitochondrial ROS have a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing a novel role of airway epithelial cells expressing NLRP3 inflammasome as an immune responder.
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75
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Chan WL, Yang KP, Chao TF, Huang CC, Huang PH, Chen YC, Chen TJ, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Leu HB. The association of asthma and atrial fibrillation--a nationwide population-based nested case-control study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:464-9. [PMID: 25127961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be related to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between asthma and AF has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between asthma and AF risk. METHODS We conducted a population-based nested case-control study including a total of 7439 newly-diagnosed adult patients with AF and 10,075 age-, gender-, comorbidity-, and cohort entry date-matched subjects without AF from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Exposure to asthma as well as medications including bronchodilators and corticosteroid before the index date was evaluated to investigate the association between AF and asthma as well as concurrent medications. RESULTS AF patients were 1.2 times (adjusted OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.109-1.298) more likely to be associated with a future occurrence of asthma independent of comorbidities and treatment with corticosteroids and bronchodilator. In addition, the risks of new-onset AF were significantly higher among current users of inhaled corticosteroid, oral corticosteroids, and bronchodilators. Newly users (within 6 months) have the highest risk (inhaled corticosteroid: OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.226-3.701, P=0.007; oral corticosteroid: OR, 1.932; 95% CI, 1.66-2.25, P<0.001; non-steroid bronchodilator: OR, 2.849; 95% CI, 2.48-3.273, P<0.001). A graded association with AF risk was also observed among subjects treated with corticosteroid (inhaled and systemic administration) and bronchodilators. New users (within 6 months) of these medications had the highest risk of AF (ICS: OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.226-3.701, P=0.007; oral corticosteroid: OR, 1.932; 95% CI, 1.66-2.25, P<0.001; non-steroid bronchodilator: OR, 2.849; 95% CI, 2.48-3.273, P<0.001). A graded association with AF risk was also observed among subjects treated with ICS or bronchodilator. CONCLUSIONS Asthma was associated with an increased risk of developing future AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Leong Chan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Pin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Silva A, Nunes C, Martins J, Dinis TCP, Lopes C, Neves B, Cruz T. Respiratory sensitizer hexamethylene diisocyanate inhibits SOD 1 and induces ERK-dependent detoxifying and maturation pathways in dendritic-like cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:238-46. [PMID: 24742817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory allergy to low-molecular-weight chemicals is a current concern in the context of occupational health, and a certified method to identify respiratory allergens is still under investigation. The aim of this work was to unveil some of the poorly understood initial molecular events and toxicity pathways underlying respiratory sensitization, which might be crucial to disclosing the key building blocks of new testing strategies and may contribute to the development of a valid in vitro method for the identification of respiratory allergens. Immortalized human dendritic cell (DC)-like THP-1 cells were exposed to the respiratory allergen hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) for 6h, and the activation of several signaling pathways was analyzed. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alterations, superoxide anion (O2(-)) production, and gene expression modulation in HDI-treated cells were also evaluated. According to our results, HDI induces O2(-) increase (P < 0.001) through enzymatic inhibition of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 1 (P < 0.05), which might reduce MMP, further leading to mitochondrial O2(-) production. Increased O2(-) levels promote ERK phosphorylation (approx sixfold compared to control; P < 0.001) and downstream transcriptional increase of several genes: HMOX1 (P < 0.05), involved in the protection of chemical reactive species; MDR1 (P < 0.01), responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics in the cell; and CD83 (P < 0.05), a DC maturation marker. These results raise new perspectives on the action of respiratory allergens in DCs and point out key molecular events that are crucial for the development of the so-called adverse outcome pathways, particularly regarding O2(-) increase through enzymatic inhibition, and important for ERK activation. Furthermore, our results highlight the role of ERK signaling, but not p38 MAPK, in the activation of vital mechanisms in cells exposed to a respiratory allergen, such as cell detoxification, migration, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Antioxidant defense enzyme genes and asthma susceptibility: gender-specific effects and heterogeneity in gene-gene interactions between pathogenetic variants of the disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:708903. [PMID: 24895604 PMCID: PMC4026955 DOI: 10.1155/2014/708903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from an increased amount of reactive oxygen species and an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The present study tested the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility to allergic and nonallergic variants of asthma is determined by complex interactions between genes encoding antioxidant defense enzymes (ADE). We carried out a comprehensive analysis of the associations between adult asthma and 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 34 ADE genes and 12 other candidate genes of asthma in Russian population using set association analysis and multifactor dimensionality reduction approaches. We found for the first time epistatic interactions between ADE genes underlying asthma susceptibility and the genetic heterogeneity between allergic and nonallergic variants of the disease. We identified GSR (glutathione reductase) and PON2 (paraoxonase 2) as novel candidate genes for asthma susceptibility. We observed gender-specific effects of ADE genes on the risk of asthma. The results of the study demonstrate complexity and diversity of interactions between genes involved in oxidative stress underlying susceptibility to allergic and nonallergic asthma.
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78
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The compatible solute ectoine reduces the exacerbating effect of environmental model particles on the immune response of the airways. J Allergy (Cairo) 2014; 2014:708458. [PMID: 24822073 PMCID: PMC4005218 DOI: 10.1155/2014/708458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of humans to particulate air pollution has been correlated with the incidence and aggravation of allergic airway diseases. In predisposed individuals, inhalation of environmental particles can lead to an exacerbation of immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of the compatible solute ectoine on lung inflammation in rats exposed to carbon nanoparticles (CNP) as a model of environmental particle exposure. In the current study we investigated the effect of such a treatment on airway inflammation in a mouse allergy model. Ectoine in nonsensitized animals significantly reduced the neutrophilic lung inflammation after CNP exposure. This effect was accompanied by a reduction of inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Reduced IL-6 levels in the serum also indicate the effects of ectoine on systemic inflammation. In sensitized animals, an aggravation of the immune response was observed when animals were exposed to CNP prior to antigen provocation. The coadministration of ectoine together with the particles significantly reduced this exacerbation. The data indicate the role of neutrophilic lung inflammation in the exacerbation of allergic airway responses. Moreover, the data suggest to use ectoine as a preventive treatment to avoid the exacerbation of allergic airway responses induced by environmental air pollution.
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79
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Ruan T, Lin YJ, Hsu TH, Lu SH, Jow GM, Kou YR. Sensitization by pulmonary reactive oxygen species of rat vagal lung C-fibers: the roles of the TRPV1, TRPA1, and P2X receptors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91763. [PMID: 24699274 PMCID: PMC3974698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of vagal lung C-fibers (VLCFs) induced by mediators contributes to the pathogenesis of airway hypersensitivity, which is characterized by exaggerated sensory and reflex responses to stimulants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mediators produced during airway inflammation. However, the role of ROS in VLCF-mediated airway hypersensitivity has remained elusive. Here, we report that inhalation of aerosolized 0.05% H2O2 for 90 s potentiated apneic responses to intravenous capsaicin (a TRPV1 receptor agonist), α,β-methylene-ATP (a P2X receptor agonist), and phenylbiguanide (a 5-HT3 receptor agonist) in anesthetized rats. The apneic responses to these three stimulants were abolished by vagatomy or by perivagal capsaicin treatment, a procedure that blocks the neural conduction of VLCFs. The potentiating effect of H2O2 on the apneic responses to these VLCF stimulants was prevented by catalase (an enzyme that degrades H2O2) and by dimethylthiourea (a hydroxyl radical scavenger). The potentiating effect of H2O2 on the apneic responses to capsaicin was attenuated by HC-030031 (a TRPA1 receptor antagonist) and by iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',5'-disulphonate (a P2X receptor antagonist). The potentiating effect of H2O2 on the apneic responses to α,β-methylene-ATP was reduced by capsazepine (a TRPV1 receptor antagonist), and by HC-030031. The potentiating effect of H2O2 on the apneic responses to phenylbiguanide was totally abolished when all three antagonists were combined. Consistently, our electrophysiological studies revealed that airway delivery of aerosolized 0.05% H2O2 for 90 s potentiated the VLCF responses to intravenous capsaicin, α,β-methylene-ATP, and phenylbiguanide. The potentiating effect of H2O2 on the VLCF responses to phenylbiguanide was totally prevented when all antagonists were combined. Inhalation of 0.05% H2O2 indeed increased the level of ROS in the lungs. These results suggest that 1) increased lung ROS sensitizes VLCFs, which leads to exaggerated reflex responses in rats and 2) the TRPV1, TRPA1, and P2X receptors are all involved in the development of this airway hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Huan Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Lu
- Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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80
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Association study of mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms in asthmatic children. Mitochondrion 2013; 14:49-53. [PMID: 24270090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. To test whether mitochondrial variants influence the risk of asthma, we analyzed 16,158 mtSNPs in a sample of 372 asthmatic children and 395 healthy children using the DNA pooling technique and genome wide association analysis. Stratified analysis by sex was performed to explain the differences observed between sexes in the etiology of asthma. Different variants were detected to be significant in the sample of girls and boys with the smallest adjusted p values being 1.4 × 10(-09) (mt5295) and 3.6 × 10(-12) (mt16158), respectively. Most of the significant locations found in boys are within the CYB gene and the non-coding region. For girls, most of the significant mtSNPs lie within NADH-dehydrogenase-subunits. The variants reported here have not previously been described in connection with asthma. Although further studies in other cohorts are needed to confirm these findings our study highlights the importance of the mitochondria among the factors that contribute to the risk of asthma.
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81
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Darwiche K, Zarogoulidis P, Karamanos NK, Domvri K, Chatzaki E, Constantinidis TC, Kakolyris S, Zarogoulidis K. Efficacy versus safety concerns for aerosol chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a future dilemma for micro-oncology. Future Oncol 2013; 9:505-25. [PMID: 23560374 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled chemotherapy was first used more than 30 years ago. Since then, numerous chemotherapeutic agents have been used in either in vitro or in vivo studies. Several aspects of the methodology of the drug administration have been thoroughly demonstrated and explained. However, the safety concerns of these studies were not thoroughly investigated and different results regarding the same drug formulations have been reported. There are cases where the studies failed to demonstrate the long-term effects of the chemotherapeutic drug formulations to the lung parenchyma. Acute and latent effects observed in a small number of human trial studies are still under investigation of inhaled chemotherapy administration. This review provides data regarding all up-to-date inhaled chemotherapy studies and presents the methodological parameters of the safety measures incorporated. In addition, a commentary regarding the safety concerns for the medical staff participating in these studies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaid Darwiche
- University Pulmonary Department-Interventional Unit, Ruhrland Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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82
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Kato T, Tada-Oikawa S, Wang L, Murata M, Kuribayashi K. Endocrine disruptors found in food contaminants enhance allergic sensitization through an oxidative stress that promotes the development of allergic airway inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:10-8. [PMID: 24035973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in incidence of allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis may provide some clues to explain this rising trend, but it may also be attributable to other environmental factors that exert a proallergic adjuvant effects. However, there is limited information on the risks of developing allergic asthma and related diseases through the ingestion of environmental chemicals found in food contaminants. In the present study, we have shown that oral administration of tributyltin, used as a model environmental chemical, induced oxidative-stress status in the bronchial lymph node, mesenteric lymph node and spleen, but not in the lung, where the initial step of allergic asthma pathogenesis takes place. Mice exposed to tributyltin exhibited heightened Th2 immunity to the allergen with more severe airway inflammation. Tributyltin also induced Treg cells apoptosis preferentially over non-Treg cells. All these effects of tributyltin exposure were canceled by the administration of glutathione monoethyl ester. Meanwhile, tributyltin did not affect airway inflammation of mice transferred with allergen-specific Th2 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that tributyltin exerts its pathological effect during the sensitization phase through oxidative stress that enhances the development of allergic diseases. The current study dissects the pathogenic role of oxidative stress induced by oral exposure to an environmental chemical during the sensitization phase of allergic airway inflammation and would be important for developing therapeutics for prevention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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83
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Abstract
Diet changes can partly explain the high burden of asthma in industrialised nations. Findings from experimental studies have stimulated many observational studies of the association between vitamins (A, C, D, and E) or nutrients acting as methyl donors (folate, vitamin B12, and choline) and asthma. However, observational studies are susceptible to several sources of bias; well conducted randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard to establish whether diet has an effect on asthma. Evidence from observational studies and a few RCTs strongly justifies ongoing and future RCTs in three areas: vitamin D for the prevention or treatment of asthma, choline supplementation as adjuvant treatment for asthma, and vitamin E to prevent the detrimental effects of air pollution in patients with asthma. At present, insufficient evidence exists to recommend supplementation with any vitamin or nutrient acting as a methyl donor to prevent or treat asthma.
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84
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Tanaka M, Takano H, Fujitani Y, Hirano S, Ichinose T, Shimada A, Inoue KI. Effects of exposure to nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust on 8-OHdG synthesis in the mouse asthmatic lung. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:703-706. [PMID: 24137251 PMCID: PMC3786854 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is associated with the induction and exacerbation of respiratory disorders; however, the impacts of DE containing mainly nanoparticles have been less studied. We have previously demonstrated that inhalation exposure to nanoparticle-rich DE (NR-DE) exacerbated allergic pulmonary inflammation, in the context of enhanced local expression of proinflammatory molecules. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker of oxidative damage, particularly in DNA. This study examined the effects of NR-DE on 8-OHdG synthesis in the lung in the presence or absence of an allergen. Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed by inhalation to four different gas compositions (control air, low-concentration DE, high-concentration DE and high-concentration DE without particulate matter) for 8 weeks, in the presence or absence of repetitive intratracheal administration of ovalbumin (OVA). Thereafter, we assessed the levels of 8-OHdG synthesis and expression in the lungs by means of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunohistochemistry. The EIA revealed that the level of 8-OHdG was significantly higher in the high-concentration NR-DE-exposed and allergen-sensitized/stimulated group compared with that in the control air-exposed and allergen-treated group. The immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the level of immunoreactive 8-OHdG was higher in the NR-DE-exposed and allergen-treated lungs compared with that in the corresponding control air-exposed lungs. The results suggested that NR-DE exposure enhanced 8-OHdG formation in asthmatic lungs. This, at least in part, is involved in the NR-DE-mediated exacerbation of the allergic pathophysiology that was identified in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Tanaka
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
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85
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Sumoza-Toledo A, Fleig A, Penner R. TRPM2 channels are not required for acute airway inflammation in OVA-induced severe allergic asthma in mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2013; 10:19. [PMID: 23631390 PMCID: PMC3648402 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation and asthma have been linked to oxidative stress and the melastatin-related transient receptor potential cation channel, member 2 (TRPM2), which can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. Objective Using TRPM2 deficient (TRPM2-/-) mice, we investigated whether the TRPM2 ion channel, which mediates calcium (Ca2+) influx and lysosomal Ca2+ release, plays a role in the pathophysiology of severe allergic asthma in mouse. Methods Severe allergic asthma was initiated in wild type (WT) and TRPM2-/- mice by repeated sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide on Days 0, 7 and 14, followed by intranasal challenge on Days 21, 22 and 23. Mice were investigated for the presence of airway responsiveness, airway inflammation, production of allergen-specific antibodies, cytokine response and lung pathology. Results The absence of TRPM2 channels has no obvious effect on major etiologic markers of severe allergic asthma in this mouse model. Neither airway resistance nor mucus production are affected in TRPM2-/- mice. TRPM2 channel ablation also does not alter airway inflammation or immunocyte infiltration and does not affect antibody response or cytokine levels. Conclusions TRPM2 is not required for airway inflammation in OVA-induced severe allergic asthma in mice. Accordingly, TRPM2 might not be a suitable therapeutic target for airway inflammation caused by allergens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sumoza-Toledo
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen's Medical Center and John A, Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 1301 Punchbowl St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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86
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Immune response to nanomaterials: implications for medicine and literature review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:50-7. [PMID: 22941559 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, substances below 100 nm, are increasingly used in medical diagnosis and treatment every day. The use of such materials has helped deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, alleviate allergy symptoms, specifically target cancer or HIV cells, and more. However, the tunable characteristics of such materials have not been perfected. The different materials, sizes, shapes, and structures have different responses on the body. This paper will investigate the successful treatments made with nanoparticles and some general health effects. A review of the literature revealed an inflammatory response and an increased production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) to be common immune responses to nanomaterial use. The mechanisms by which the inflammatory response and ROS production occur will also be discussed.
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87
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Resolution of inflammation: mechanisms and opportunity for drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:189-212. [PMID: 23583354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and resolving infection and may also occur under sterile conditions. The cardinal signs of inflammation dolor, calor, tumor and rubor are intrinsically associated with events including vasodilatation, edema and leukocyte trafficking into the site of inflammation. If uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation itself can lead to further tissue damage and give rise to chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity with eventual loss of organ function. It is now evident that the resolution of inflammation is an active continuous process that occurs during an acute inflammatory episode. Successful resolution requires activation of endogenous programs with switch from production of pro-inflammatory towards pro-resolving molecules, such as specific lipid mediators and annexin A1, and the non-phlogistic elimination of granulocytes by apoptosis with subsequent removal by surrounding macrophages. These processes ensure rapid restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the pharmacological strategies that may interfere with the molecular pathways which control leukocyte survival and clearance. Such strategies have proved beneficial in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory diseases, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of the resolution process may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Li N, Wang M, Barajas B, Sioutas C, Williams MA, Nel AE. Nrf2 deficiency in dendritic cells enhances the adjuvant effect of ambient ultrafine particles on allergic sensitization. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:543-54. [PMID: 23595026 DOI: 10.1159/000347060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an important risk factor for asthma. Generation of oxidative stress by PM is a major mechanism of its health effects. Transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) mediates antioxidant and phase II enzymes and is essential in protecting against oxidative stress and lung inflammation. We have previously shown that ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) could exert a potent adjuvant effect on allergic sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. We hypothesized that Nrf2 deficiency in dendritic cells (DC) could enhance the adjuvant potential of UFP on allergic sensitization. We show that the adjuvant effect of intranasally instilled UFP is significantly enhanced in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice compared with their wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) counterparts. Under resting conditions, Nrf2(-/-) DC displayed an intrinsic predilection to a T helper 2-favoring cytokine profile characterized by a low level of IL-12p70 and a high level of IL-6 as compared to Nrf2(+/+) DC. Adoptive transfer of OVA/UFP-treated Nrf2(-/-) DC provoked a more severe allergic inflammation in the lung than Nrf2(+/+) DC in the same treatment group. We conclude that Nrf2 deficiency in DC may promote a constitutive immune-polarizing cytokine milieu, which we propose may have contributed to the augmented adjuvant effect of UFP on allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich., USA
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89
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Lee GB, Brandt EB, Xiao C, Gibson AM, Le Cras TD, Brown LAS, Fitzpatrick AM, Khurana Hershey GK. Diesel exhaust particles induce cysteine oxidation and s-glutathionylation in house dust mite induced murine asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60632. [PMID: 23555996 PMCID: PMC3612047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure enhances allergic inflammation and has been linked to the incidence of asthma. Oxidative stress on the thiol molecules cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) can promote inflammatory host responses. The effect of DEP on the thiol oxidation/reduction (redox) state in the asthmatic lung is unknown. Objective To determine if DEP exposure alters the Cys or GSH redox state in the asthmatic airway. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from a house dust mite (HDM) induced murine asthma model exposed to DEP. GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), Cys, cystine (CySS), and s-glutathionylated cysteine (CySSG) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Results DEP co-administered with HDM, but not DEP or HDM alone, decreased total Cys, increased CySS, and increased CySSG without significantly altering GSH or GSSG. Conclusions DEP exposure promotes oxidation and S-glutathionylation of cysteine amino acids in the asthmatic airway, suggesting a novel mechanism by which DEP may enhance allergic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B. Lee
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang Xiao
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Gibson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Le Cras
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lou Ann S. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Moreno-Macías H, Dockery DW, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Laird NM, Sienra-Monge JJ, Del Río-Navarro BE, Ramírez-Aguilar M, Barraza-Villarreal A, Li H, London SJ, Romieu I. Ozone exposure, vitamin C intake, and genetic susceptibility of asthmatic children in Mexico City: a cohort study. Respir Res 2013; 14:14. [PMID: 23379631 PMCID: PMC3579760 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that asthmatic children with GSTM1 null genotype may be more susceptible to the acute effect of ozone on the small airways and might benefit from antioxidant supplementation. This study aims to assess the acute effect of ozone on lung function (FEF25-75) in asthmatic children according to dietary intake of vitamin C and the number of putative risk alleles in three antioxidant genes: GSTM1, GSTP1 (rs1695), and NQO1 (rs1800566). Methods 257 asthmatic children from two cohort studies conducted in Mexico City were included. Stratified linear mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes on ozone were used. Potential confounding by ethnicity was assessed. Analyses were conducted under single gene and genotype score approaches. Results The change in FEF25-75 per interquartile range (60 ppb) of ozone in persistent asthmatic children with low vitamin C intake and GSTM1 null was −91.2 ml/s (p = 0.06). Persistent asthmatic children with 4 to 6 risk alleles and low vitamin C intake showed an average decrement in FEF25-75 of 97.2 ml/s per 60 ppb of ozone (p = 0.03). In contrast in children with 1 to 3 risk alleles, acute effects of ozone on FEF25-75 did not differ by vitamin C intake. Conclusions Our results provide further evidence that asthmatic children predicted to have compromised antioxidant defense by virtue of genetic susceptibility combined with deficient antioxidant intake may be at increased risk of adverse effects of ozone on pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Moreno-Macías
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, edificio H-001, Col. Vicentina, 09430, D F, México City, Mexico.
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91
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MHC class II-restricted presentation of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 1 Is GILT-dependent: implications for allergic asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51343. [PMID: 23326313 PMCID: PMC3543425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is known to reduce disulfide bonds present in proteins internalized by antigen presenting cells, facilitating optimal processing and presentation of peptides on Major Histocompatibility Complex class II molecules, as well as the subsequent activation of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here, we show that GILT is required for class II-restricted processing and presentation of immunodominant epitopes from the major house dust mite allergen Der p 1. In the absence of GILT, CD4-positive T cell responses to Der p 1 are significantly reduced, resulting in mitigated allergic airway inflammation in response to Der p 1 and house dust mite extracts in a murine model of asthma.
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92
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Li J, Li L, Liu X, Li R, Yang X. Single-wall carbon nanotube-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in rats and a postulated mechanism of action. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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93
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Soferman R, Tsivion A, Farber M, Sivan Y. The effect of a single dose of acetaminophen on airways response in children with asthma. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013; 52:42-8. [PMID: 23047989 DOI: 10.1177/0009922812462764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Accumulating evidence suggests that the use of acetaminophen increases the risk of developing asthma and that its widespread use has contributed to the increasing prevalence of asthma. STUDY DESIGN To investigate the immediate effect of a single dose of acetaminophen on airways reactivity and inflammation in asthmatic and controls. A double blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on 42 asthmatic children and 21 healthy age-matched controls. Each participant received one oral dose of acetaminophen (15 mg/kg [160 mg/mL]) and one dose of a volume-matched placebo. Physical examination, spirometry results, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels were assessed before and 60 minutes following acetaminophen or placebo ingestion. RESULTS None of the studied variables showed any significant change after acetaminophen or placebo ingestion in either the asthmatic or the control groups. CONCLUSIONS One single dose of acetaminophen neither evokes a bronchoconstriction response nor an increase in airway inflammation in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Soferman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
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94
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Pazmandi K, Kumar BV, Szabo K, Boldogh I, Szoor A, Vereb G, Veres A, Lanyi A, Rajnavolgyi E, Bacsi A. Ragweed subpollen particles of respirable size activate human dendritic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52085. [PMID: 23251688 PMCID: PMC3522620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen grains, which are generally considered too large to reach the lower respiratory tract, release subpollen particles (SPPs) of respirable size upon hydration. These SPPs contain allergenic proteins and functional NAD(P)H oxidases. In this study, we examined whether exposure to SPPs initiates the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). We found that treatment with freshly isolated ragweed SPPs increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in moDCs. Phagocytosis of SPPs by moDCs, as demonstrated by confocal laser-scanning microscopy, led to an up-regulation of the cell surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DQ and an increase in the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10. Furthermore, SPP-treated moDCs had an increased capacity to stimulate the proliferation of naïve T cells. Co-culture of SPP-treated moDCs with allogeneic CD3+ pan-T cells resulted in increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by T cells of both allergic and non-allergic subjects, but induced the production of IL-4 exclusively from the T cells of allergic individuals. Addition of exogenous NADPH further increased, while heat-inactivation or pre-treatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, strongly diminished, the ability of SPPs to induce phenotypic and functional changes in moDCs, indicating that these processes were mediated, at least partly, by the intrinsic NAD(P)H oxidase activity of SPPs. Collectively, our data suggest that inhaled ragweed SPPs are fully capable of activating dendritic cells (DCs) in the airways and SPPs' NAD(P)H oxidase activity is involved in initiation of adaptive immune responses against innocuous pollen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Pazmandi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brahma V. Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arpad Szoor
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Agota Veres
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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95
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Yalcin AD, Gumuslu S, Parlak GE, Bisgin A, Yildiz M, Kargi A, Gorczynski RM. Systemic levels of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity in allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:1047-53. [PMID: 22737977 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.697902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity (COA) involving the interaction of oxidant and antioxidant balance in allergic diseases is still unknown. OBJECTIVE Our study was designed to examine the changes in COAs in severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis, new diagnosed allergic asthma-allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS The study included 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as control (Group I); Group II included 15 newly diagnosed allergic asthma-allergic rhinitis; Group III included 15 patients with severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis and in the fourth group there were 20 patients with allergic rhinitis. Group III was divided in two groups, severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis who were pre-(III-A) and post-treated (III-B) with omalizumab. Group IV was divided to two groups, pretreatment (IV-A) and posttreatment (IV-B) with specific subcutaneous immunotherapy modalities. All the posttreatment measurements were 12 months after the therapy. All the patients were assessed by the skin prick test, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and COA. RESULTS There were significant differences between Group I and Groups III-A, III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group II and Groups III-A, III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group III-A and Groups III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group III-A and Groups IV-A and IV-B; and Group IV-A and IV-B. Interestingly, there was a correlation between the hs-CRP and COA levels in Group III-A. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hs-CRP and COA levels might be an indicator of an inflammation and important in revelation of patients with allergy related diseases, especially of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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96
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Abstract
CONTEXT: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder which is associated to the inflammatory cells. Inflammatory and immune cells generate more reactive oxygen species in patients suffering from asthma which leads to tissue injury. AIMS: To investigate the role of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in disease progression of asthmatic patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In this study, 130 asthmatic patients and 70 healthy controls were documented. METHODS: For this malondialdehyde level, total protein carbonyls, sulfhydryls, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total blood glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analysis of the data was done using unpaired student t test and one-way ANOVA analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The present work showed that the systemic levels of MDA (4.19 ± 0.10 nmol/ml, P < 0.001) and protein carbonyls (1.13 ± 0.02 nmol/mg, P < 0.001) were found to be remarkably higher in asthmatic patients while protein sulfhydryls (0.55 ± 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.05) decreased as compared to controls (2.84 ± 0.12 nmol/ml, 0.79 ± 0.02 nmol/mg and 0.60 ± 0.02 mmol/l, respectively). We also observed decrease in activities of SOD (2047 ± 50.34 U/g Hb, P < 0.05), catalase (4374 ± 67.98 U/g Hb, P < 0.01), and GPx (40.97 ± 1.05 U/g Hb, P < 0.01) in erythrocytes compared to control (2217 ± 60.11 U/g Hb, 4746 ± 89.94 U/g Hb, and 48.37 ± 2.47 U/g Hb, respectively). FRAP level (750.90 ± 21.22 μmol/l, P < 0.05) in plasma was decreased, whereas total blood glutathione increased (0.94 ± 0.02 mmol/l, P < 0.05) as seen in control (840.40 ± 28.39 μmol/l and 0.84 ± 0.04 mmol/l). CONCLUSIONS: This work supports and describes the hypothesis that an imbalance between oxidant-antioxidant is associated to the oxidative stress which plays a significant role in severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India ; Department of T.B. and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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97
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Di Gangi IM, Pirillo P, Carraro S, Gucciardi A, Naturale M, Baraldi E, Giordano G. Online trapping and enrichment ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for sensitive measurement of "arginine-asymmetric dimethylarginine cycle" biomarkers in human exhaled breath condensate. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 754:67-74. [PMID: 23140956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a biofluid collected non invasively that, enabling the measurement of several biomarkers, has proven useful in the study of airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report of any analytical method to detect ADMA in EBC. OBJECTIVES Aim of this work was to develop an online sample trapping and enrichment system, coupled with an UPLC-MS/MS method, for simultaneous quantification of seven metabolites related to "Arginine-ADMA cycle", using the isotopic dilution. METHODS Butylated EBC samples were trapped in an online cartridge, washed before and after each injection with cleanup solution to remove matrix components and switched inline into the high pressure analytical column. Multiple reaction monitoring in positive mode was used for analyte quantification by tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Validation studies were performed in EBC to examine accuracy, precision and robustness of the method. For each compound, the calibration curves showed a coefficient of correlation (r(2)) greater than 0.992. Accuracy (%Bias) was <3% except for NMMA and H-Arg (<20%), intra- and inter-assay precision (expressed as CV%) were within ±20% and recovery ranged from 97.1 to 102.8% for all analytes. Inter-day variability analysis on 20 EBC of adult subjects did not demonstrate any significant variation of quantitative data for each metabolite. ADMA and SDMA mean concentrations (μmolL(-1)), measured in EBC samples of asthmatic adolescents are significantly increased (p<0.0001) than in normal controls (0.0040±0.0021 vs. 0.0012±0.0005 and 0.0020±0.0015 vs. 0.0002±0.0001, respectively), as well the ADMA/Tyr (0.34±0.09 vs. 0.12±0.02, p<0.0001) and the SDMA/Tyr ratio (0.10±0.04 vs. 0.015±0.004, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The proposed method features simple specimen preparation, maintenance of an excellent peak shape of all metabolites and reduced matrix effects as well mass spectrometer noise. Moreover, the possibility to perform different cycles of enrichment, using large injection volumes, compensated for the low concentration of analytes contained in EBC, leading to a good analytical sensitivity. Preliminary data obtained from asthmatic and healthy adolescents, demonstrated that the analytical method applied to EBC seems suitable not only for research purposes, but also for clinical routinely analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Maria Di Gangi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy.
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98
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Lee T, Kwon HS, Bang BR, Lee YS, Park MY, Moon KA, Kim TB, Lee KY, Moon HB, Cho YS. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates allergic inflammation in murine models of asthma. J Clin Immunol 2012; 32:1292-304. [PMID: 22836658 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants have been suggested to alleviate the pathophysiological features of asthma, and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has been reported to have powerful antioxidant activity. PURPOSE This study was performed to determine whether GSPE has a therapeutic effect on allergic airway inflammation in both acute and chronic murine model of asthma. METHODS Acute asthma model was generated by intraperitoneal sensitization of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum followed by aerosolized OVA challenges, whereas chronic asthma model was induced by repeated intranasal challenges of OVA with fungal protease twice a week for 8 weeks. GSPE was administered by either intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage before OVA challenges. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured, and airway inflammation was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis and histopathological examination of lung tissue. Lung tissue levels of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. Glutathione assay was done to measure oxidative burden in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared to untreated asthmatic mice, mice treated with GSPE showed significantly reduced AHR, decreased inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid, reduced lung inflammation, and decreased IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin-1 expression in both acute and chronic asthma models. Moreover, airway subepithelial fibrosis was reduced in the lung tissue of GSPE-treated chronic asthmatic mice compared to untreated asthmatic mice. Reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was increased after GSPE treatment in acute asthmatic lung tissue. CONCLUSION GSPE effectively suppressed inflammation in both acute and chronic mouse models of asthma, suggesting a potential role of GSPE as a therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
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99
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Simoes DCM, Psarra AMG, Mauad T, Pantou I, Roussos C, Sekeris CE, Gratziou C. Glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors are reduced in mitochondria of lung epithelial cells in asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39183. [PMID: 22761735 PMCID: PMC3384641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial glucocorticoid (mtGR) and estrogen (mtER) receptors participate in the coordination of the cell's energy requirement and in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme (OXPHOS) biosynthesis, affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induction of apoptosis. Although activation of mtGR and mtER is known to trigger anti-inflammatory signals, little information exists on the presence of these receptors in lung tissue and their role in respiratory physiology and disease. Using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation disease and applying confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and Western blot analysis we showed mitochondrial localization of GRα and ERβ in lung tissue. Allergic airway inflammation caused reduction in mtGRα, mtERβ, and OXPHOS enzyme biosynthesis in lung cells mitochondria and particularly in bronchial epithelial cells mitochondria, which was accompanied by decrease in lung mitochondrial mass and induction of apoptosis. Confirmation and validation of the reduction of the mitochondrial receptors in lung epithelial cells in human asthma was achieved by analyzing autopsies from fatal asthma cases. The presence of the mitochondrial GRα and ERβ in lung tissue cells and especially their reduction in bronchial epithelial cells during allergic airway inflammation suggests a crucial role of these receptors in the regulation of mitochondrial function in asthma, implicating their involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina C. M. Simoes
- “G.P. Livanos and M. Simou” Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G. Psarra
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center for Basic Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ioanna Pantou
- “G.P. Livanos and M. Simou” Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- “G.P. Livanos and M. Simou” Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine E. Sekeris
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Gratziou
- “G.P. Livanos and M. Simou” Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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100
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Terziev L, Dancheva V, Shopova V, Stavreva G. Antioxidant effect of MnTE-2-PyP on lung in asthma mice model. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:379360. [PMID: 22654599 PMCID: PMC3361234 DOI: 10.1100/2012/379360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate. RESULTS The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2. CONCLUSIONS The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmil Terziev
- Sector of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Pelven Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
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