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Wang CM, Yeh KL, Tsai SJ, Jhan YL, Chou CH. Anti-Proliferative Activity of Triterpenoids and Sterols Isolated from Alstonia scholaris against Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E2119. [PMID: 29194373 PMCID: PMC6149710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In China and South Asia, Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in traditional ethnopharmacy to treat infectious diseases. Although various pharmacological activities have been reported, the anti-lung cancer components of A. scholaris have not yet been identified. The objective of this study is to evaluate the active components of the leaf extract of A. scholaris, and assess the anti-proliferation effects of isolated compounds against non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells; (2) Methods: NMR was used to identify the chemical constitutes isolated from the leaf extract of A. scholaris. The anti-proliferative activity of compounds against non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; (3) Results: Eight triterpenoids and five sterols were isolated from the hexane portion of A. scholaris, and structurally identified as: (1) ursolic acid, (2) oleanolic acid, (3) betulinic acid, (4) betulin, (5) 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol, (6) lupeol, (7) β-amyrin, (8) α-amyrin, (9) poriferasterol, (10) epicampesterol, (11) β-sitosterol, (12) 6β-hydroxy-4-stigmasten-3-one, and (13) ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol. Compound 5 was isolated from a plant source for the first time. In addition, compounds 9, 10, 12, and 13 were also isolated from A. scholaris for the first time. Ursolic acid, betulinic acid, betulin, and 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol showed anti-proliferative activity against NSCLC, with IC50 of 39.8, 40.1, 240.5 and 172.6 μM, respectively.; (4) Conclusion: These findings reflect that pentacyclic triterpenoids are the anti-lung cancer chemicals in A. scholaris. The ability of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, betulin, and 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol to inhibit the proliferative activity of NSCLC can constitute a valuable group of therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Min Wang
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Department of Laboratory, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Jie Tsai
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Jhan
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Down-regulation of NOX4 by betulinic acid protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:744-749. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Overaccumulation of p53-mediated autophagy protects against betulinic acid-induced apoptotic cell death in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3087. [PMID: 28981110 PMCID: PMC5682653 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) exhibits cytotoxic activity against some cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism of BA against CRC cells was little reported. Here, we proved that BA elicited CRC cells' growth inhibition and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BA treatment induced autophagy via inhibiting the AKT-MTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of autophagy by either administration of autophagic inhibitor chloroquine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATG5 could augment BA-induced apoptotic cell death as well as inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that p53 was firstly activated by short exposure to BA and then was rapidly degraded via the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway in both wtp53 and mutp53 CRC cells. Notably, more preferential cytotoxicity of BA was obtained in mutp53 cells (IC50 values: HT29, 125 μM; SW480, 58 μM) rather than wtp53 cells (IC50 values: HCT116, 178 μM). Further experiments demonstrated that siRNA-mediated p53 knockdown attenuated BA-induced autophagy, and forced overexpression of p53 augmented BA-induced autophagy, indicating that p53-enhanced BA-induced autophagy. Moreover, BA enhanced the sensitivity of mutp53 cells to chemotherapy drugs such as 5-FU and ADR by degradation of mutp53. Overall, our study proved that BA could induce CRC cell death by inducing apoptosis and reduce the overaccumulation of BA-induced protective autophagy by degrading wtp53 and mutp53 dependent on the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway to achieve killer effect, suggesting that BA might serve as a novel desirable drug for mutp53 cancer therapy.
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Nedopekina DA, Gubaidullin RR, Odinokov VN, Maximchik PV, Zhivotovsky B, Bel'skii YP, Khazanov VA, Manuylova AV, Gogvadze V, Spivak AY. Mitochondria-targeted betulinic and ursolic acid derivatives: synthesis and anticancer activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1934-1945. [PMID: 30108714 PMCID: PMC6072465 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new betulinic and ursolic acid conjugates with a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation, meant to enhance the bioavailability and mitochondriotropic action of natural triterpenes, have been synthesized. The in vitro experiments on three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116 and TET21N) revealed that all the obtained triphenylphosphonium triterpene acid derivatives not only showed higher cytotoxicity as compared to betulinic acid but were also markedly superior in triggering mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, as assessed using a range of apoptosis markers such as cytochrome c release, stimulation of caspase-3 activity, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which is one of the targets of caspase 3. The IC50 was much lower for all triphenylphosphonium derivatives when compared to betulinic acid. Out of the tested group of conjugates, the most potent toxicity was exhibited by the betulinic acid conjugate 9 (for 9, the IC50 values against MCF-7 and TET21N cells were 0.70 μM and 0.74 μM; for betulinic acid (BA), IC50 > 25 μM against MCF-7 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya A Nedopekina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Rinat R Gubaidullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Victor N Odinokov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
| | - Polina V Maximchik
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
- Division of Toxicology , Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Box 210 , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Yuriy P Bel'skii
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Veniamin A Khazanov
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Arina V Manuylova
- Innovative Pharmacology Research (IPHAR) , 79/4 Elizarova , Tomsk 634021 , Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine , MV Lomonosov Moscow State University , 11999 Moscow , Russia .
- Division of Toxicology , Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Box 210 , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anna Yu Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis , Russian Academy of Sciences , 141 prosp. Oktyabrya , Ufa 450075 , Russian Federation .
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Kumari N, Jaynes PW, Saei A, Iyengar PV, Richard JLC, Eichhorn PJA. The roles of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in neoplastic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:456-483. [PMID: 28923280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The initial experiments performed by Rose, Hershko, and Ciechanover describing the identification of a specific degradation signal in short-lived proteins paved the way to the discovery of the ubiquitin mediated regulation of numerous physiological functions required for cellular homeostasis. Since their discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin function over 30years ago it has become wholly apparent that ubiquitin and their respective ubiquitin modifying enzymes are key players in tumorigenesis. The human genome encodes approximately 600 putative E3 ligases and 80 deubiquitinating enzymes and in the majority of cases these enzymes exhibit specificity in sustaining either pro-tumorigenic or tumour repressive responses. In this review, we highlight the known oncogenic and tumour suppressive effects of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in cancer relevant pathways with specific focus on PI3K, MAPK, TGFβ, WNT, and YAP pathways. Moreover, we discuss the capacity of targeting DUBs as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Kumari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Azad Saei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Betulinic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoid prevents arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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Suman P, Patel A, Solano L, Jampana G, Gardner ZS, Holt CM, Jonnalagadda SC. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of Baylis-Hillman template derived betulinic acid-triazole conjugates. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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58
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Ansari AR, Liu H. Acute Thymic Involution and Mechanisms for Recovery. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:401-420. [PMID: 28331940 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute thymic involution (ATI) is usually regarded as a virulence trait. It is caused by several infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) and other factors, including stress, pregnancy, malnutrition and chemotherapy. However, the complex mechanisms that operate during ATI differ substantially from each other depending on the causative agent. For instance, a transient reduction in the size and weight of the thymus and depletion of populations of T cell subsets are hallmarks of ATI in many cases, whereas severe disruption of the anatomical structure of the organ is also associated with some factors, including fungal, parasitic and viral infections. However, growing evidence shows that ATI may be therapeutically halted or reversed. In this review, we highlight the current progress in this field with respect to numerous pathological factors and discuss the possible mechanisms. Moreover, these new observations also show that ATI can be mechanistically reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Betulinic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Differentiated PC12 Cells Via ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1130-1140. [PMID: 28124213 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene of natural origin, has been demonstrated to have varied biologic activities including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial effects; it has also been found to induce apoptosis in many types of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of BA on normal cells. In this study, the effects of BA on normal neuronal cell apoptosis and the mechanisms involved were studied using differentiated PC12 cells as a model. Treatment with 50 μM BA for 24 h apparently induced PC12 cell apoptosis. In the early stage of apoptosis, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Afterwards, the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3 occurred. Treatment with antioxidants could significantly reduce BA-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, we report for the first time that BA induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in differentiated PC12 cells through ROS.
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60
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Triphenylphosphonium cations of betulinic acid derivatives: synthesis and antitumor activity. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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61
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Li X, Li X, Zhou B, Man S, Gao W, Jing S. Study on the Bioactive Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant and in vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts from the Fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. cv. Jinsixiaozao Hort. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Shuli Man
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Songsong Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
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Morais-Braga MFB, Carneiro JNP, Machado AJT, Dos Santos ATL, Sales DL, Lima LF, Figueredo FG, Coutinho HDM. Psidium guajava L., from ethnobiology to scientific evaluation: Elucidating bioactivity against pathogenic microorganisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:1140-1152. [PMID: 27845266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of popular plants has guided pharmaceutical research aimed at combating pathogenic microorganisms. Psidium guajava L. is a plant of great versatility and it has been used both as food and as a therapeutic agent. Root, bark, leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds are used for medicinal purposes, especially in infusions and decoctions for oral and topical use. P. guajava is utilized in symptomatology treatment related to organ malfunction and of diseases caused by the action of pathogenic and/or opportunistic microorganisms. Many pharmacological studies have been conducted to scientifically assess its therapeutic potential. AIMS OF STUDY The aim of the current study is to relate the popular use of this plant and its bioscientific assessment as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases and symptoms caused by the action of protozoa, fungi, bacteria and viruses, and also evaluate the safety for the usage and the interaction with drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic database the ethnobiology of Psidium guajava (2005-2015) and the pharmacological infections and parasitic diseases (2010-2015). Searches were done in scientific disclosure databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. RESULTS P. guajava leaf extracts were scientifically investigated for the treatment of diseases caused by protozoa (leishmaniasis, malaria, giardiasis, amoebiasis and trichomoniasis), fungi (dermatosis, systemic and mucocutaneous diseases), bacteria (respiratory, mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal infections, cholera, gastritis and stomach ulcers, oral and periodontal infections, venereal diseases and urinary infections) and viruses (herpes, influenza, rotavirus disease and AIDS). The toxicity assays indicates the safet for usage. CONCLUSIONS Highlight and elucidate the therapeutic potential and versatility of P. guajava. They also justify using ethnobiology efficiency to guide pharmacological studies. Some limitations can be observed in this kind of study, as the lack for ethnobiological informations and the absence of some controls in the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora L Sales
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciene F Lima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
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63
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Kumar D, Dubey KK. Chapter 8 Betulin Biotransformation toward Its Antitumor Activities. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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64
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Hu J, Chen Y. Betulinic acid and the pharmacological effects of tumor suppression (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4489-4495. [PMID: 27748864 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin from tree bark, has the potential to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells without toxicity towards normal cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor pharmacological effects of BA consist of triggering apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, regulating the cell cycle and the angiogenic pathway via factors, including specificity protein transcription factors, cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways, preventing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and affecting the expression of topoisomerase I, p53 and lamin B1. In previous years, several studies have shown its antitumor effect, initially applied to malignant melanoma, however, it also has broad efficacies against most solid types of tumor from different regions of the body. There have been few investigations in hematological malignancies, however, this direction may offer potential in such a novel field of research. In this review, the primary pharmacological effects of BA in tumors, particularly in hematological malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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66
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Tzenov YR, Andrews P, Voisey K, Gai L, Carter B, Whelan K, Popadiuk C, Kao KR. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and betulinic acid act synergistically to target ERα and SP1 transcription factor dependent Pygopus expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:518-26. [PMID: 26645832 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor (ER and PR) expression in invasive breast cancer predicts response to hormone disruptive therapy. Pygopus2 (hPYGO2) encodes a chromatin remodelling protein important for breast cancer growth and cell cycle progression. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of expression of hPYGO2 in breast cancer and to examine how this expression is affected therapeutically. METHODS hPYGO2 and ER protein expression was examined in a breast tumour microarray by immunohistochemistry. hPYGO2 RNA and protein expression was examined in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines in the presence of selective estrogen hormone receptor modulator drugs and the specificity protein-1 (SP1) inhibitor, betulinic acid (BA). The effects of these drugs on the ability for ER and SP1 to bind the hPYGO2 promoter and affect cell cycle progression were studied using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS hPYGO2 was expressed in seven of eight lines and in nuclei of 98% of 65 breast tumours, including 3 Ductal carcinoma in situ and 62 invasive specimens representing ER-negative (22%) and ER-positive (78%) cases. Treatment with either 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) or fulvestrant reduced hPYGO2 mRNA 10-fold and protein 5-10-fold within 4 h. Promoter analysis indicated an ER/SP1 binding site at nt -225 to -531 of hPYGO2. SP1 RNA interference and BA reduced hPYGO2 protein and RNA expression by fivefold in both ER- and ER+ cells. Further attenuation was achieved by combining BA and 4-OHT resulting in eightfold reduction in cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a mechanistic link between hormone signalling and the growth transcriptional programme. The activation of its expression by ERα and/or SP1 suggests hPYGO2 as a theranostic target for hormone therapy responsive and refractory breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian R Tzenov
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Phillip Andrews
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kim Voisey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Luis Gai
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Beverley Carter
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kathryn Whelan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth R Kao
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Kacprzak K, Skiera I, Piasecka M, Paryzek Z. Alkaloids and Isoprenoids Modification by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (Click Chemistry): Toward New Functions and Molecular Architectures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5689-743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kacprzak
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Piasecka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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An N, Li HY, Zhang XM. Growth inhibitive effect of betulinic acid combined with tripterine on MSB-1 cells and its mechanism. Poult Sci 2016; 94:2880-6. [PMID: 26467010 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD), a highly infectious lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, is caused by a cell-associated oncogenic herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). MSB-1 is a MD-derived lymphoblastoid cell line and can induce tumors when inoculated into susceptible chickens. Betulinic acid, which is present as one of the major effective components in many traditional Chinese medicines, has recently been reported to inhibit growth of cancer cells and employed as a potential anticancer agent. Tripterine, a major active compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has now also shown anti-tumor activities in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic growth-inhibitive effect of betulinic acid combined with tripterine on MSB-1 cells and its mechanism. Viability of MSB-1 cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Cell apoptotic analysis was performed by fluorescence detection. NF-κB transcription activity was detected by measuring luciferase activity. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of p65, IκB and Meq. Our results showed that the proliferation in the combination group was significantly decreased as compared with that of monotherapy using betulinic acid or tripterine, accompanied by an induction of apoptosis, inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity and its targeting oncogenic gene Meq. The results suggest that the combination of betulinic acid and tripterine at lower concentration may produce a synergistic inhibitive effect on MSB-1 cells that warrants further investigation for its potential clinical applications.
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Abstract
Dove tree,Davidia involucrataBaill. which is endemic in western China, is not only one of the best known relict species of the tertiary, but also a famous ornamental plant with dove-shaped flowers. A diverse array of secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified fromDavidia involucrata. The 58 structures of the secondary metabolites were presented and classified as triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterol. In addition, the biosynthetic route of some triterpenoids was proposed. Moreover, the advances in the discovery of unprecedented compounds and uncovering of notable bioactivities were highlighted in this review.
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70
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Moldoveanu SC, Scott WA. Analysis of four pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in several bioactive botanicals with gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:324-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:194-210. [PMID: 26547057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The betulinic acid-derived hydroxamates 5-18, the amides 19-24, and betulin-derived bis-carbamates 25-28 as well as the carbamates 31-40 and 44-48 were prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in a photometric sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against several human cancer cell lines and nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). While for 3-O-acetyl hydroxamic acid 5 EC50 values as low as EC50 = 1.3 μM were found, N,O-bis-alkyl substituted hydroxamates showed lowered cytotoxicity (EC50 = 16-20 μM). In general, hydroxamic acid derivatives showed only reduced selectivity for tumor cells, except for allyl substituted compound 13 (EC50 = 5.9 μM for A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and EC50 > 30 μM for nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts). The cytotoxicity of betulinic acid derived amides 19-24 and of betulin derived bis-carbamates 25-28 was low, except for N-ethyl substituted 25. Hexyl substituted 39 showed EC50 = 5.6 μM (518A2 cells) while for mouse fibroblasts EC50 > 30 was determined.
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72
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Tahergorabi Z, Abedini MR, Mitra M, Fard MH, Beydokhti H. "Ziziphus jujuba": A red fruit with promising anticancer activities. Pharmacogn Rev 2015; 9:99-106. [PMID: 26392706 PMCID: PMC4557242 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.162108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Z. jujuba) is a traditional herb with a long history of use for nutrition and the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. It grows mostly in South and East Asia, as well as in Australia and Europe. Mounting evidence shows the health benefits of Z. jujuba, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antioxidant, and hepato- and gastrointestinal protective properties, which are due to its bioactive compounds. Chemotherapy, such as with cis-diamminedichloroplatinium (CDDP, cisplatin) and its derivatives, is widely used in cancer treatment. It is an effective treatment for human cancers, including ovarian cancer; however, drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment. A better understanding of the mechanisms and strategies for overcoming chemoresistance can greatly improve therapeutic outcomes for patients. In this review article, the bioactive compounds present in Z. jujuba are explained. The high prevalence of many different cancers worldwide has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. This is why our research group focused on studying the anticancer activity of Z. jujuba as well as its impact on chemoresistance both in vivo and in vitro. We hope that these studies can lead to a promising future for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Berberis and Jujube Research Center, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abedini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Berberis and Jujube Research Center, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran
| | - Moodi Mitra
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassanpour Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Berberis and Jujube Research Center, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein Beydokhti
- Departments of Public Health, Medical Library and Information Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran
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D'Arcy P, Linder S. Molecular pathways: translational potential of deubiquitinases as drug targets. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:3908-14. [PMID: 25085788 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main system for controlled protein degradation and a key regulator of fundamental cellular processes. The dependency of cancer cells on a functioning UPS coupled with the clinical success of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma have made the UPS an obvious target for drug development. Deubiquitinases (DUB) are components of the UPS that encompass a diverse family of ubiquitin isopeptidases that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin moieties from target proteins or from polyubiquitin chains, resulting in altered signaling or changes in protein stability. Increasing evidence has implicated deregulation of DUB activity in the initiation and progression of cancer. The altered pattern of DUB expression observed in many tumors can potentially serve as a clinical marker for predicting disease outcome and therapy response. The finding of DUB overexpression in tumor cells suggests that they may serve as novel targets for the development of anticancer therapies. Several specific and broad-spectrum DUB inhibitors are shown to have antitumor activity in preclinical in vivo models with low levels of systemic toxicity. Future studies will hopefully establish the clinical potential for DUB inhibitors as a strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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74
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Xu B, Chu F, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Q, Liu W, Xu X, Xing Y, Chen J, Wang P, Lei H. A Series of New Ligustrazine-Triterpenes Derivatives as Anti-Tumor Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21035-55. [PMID: 26404253 PMCID: PMC4613240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel ligustrazine-triterpenes derivatives was designed, synthesized and screened for their cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (Bel-7402, HepG2, HT-29, Hela, and MCF-7) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Current study suggested that most of the ligustrazine-triterpenes conjunctions showed better cytotoxicity than the starting materials. In particular, compound 4a exhibited better cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 5.23 μM) against Bel-7402, HT-29, MCF-7, Hela, and HepG2 than the standard anticancer drug cisplatin (DDP). The cytotoxicity selectivity detection revealed that 4a exhibited low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 20 μM) towards MDCK cells. A combination of fluorescence staining observation and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 4a could induce HepG2 cell apoptosis. Further studies suggested that 4a-induced apoptosis is mediated through depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanyi Xing
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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75
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Visalli RJ, Ziobrowski H, Badri KR, He JJ, Zhang X, Arumugam SR, Zhao H. Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), but not HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3168-71. [PMID: 26112446 PMCID: PMC4494873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (1) has been modified to ionic derivatives (2-5) to improve its water solubility and biological activities. The binding properties of these derivatives with respect to human serum albumin (HSA) was examined and found to be similar to current anti-HIV drugs. These compounds did not inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase, however, 1, 2 and 5 inhibited herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) replication at concentrations similar to those reported for acyclovir (IC50 ∼ 0.1-10 μM) and with minimal cellular cytotoxicity. IC50 values for antiviral activity against HSV-2 186 were 1.6, 0.6, 0.9, 7.2, and 0.9 μM for compounds 1-5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Visalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 4700 Waters Ave., Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Hannah Ziobrowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 4700 Waters Ave., Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Kameswara R Badri
- Department of Biology, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Xiugen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, 3219 College Street, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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76
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Frolova TS, Kukina TP, Sinitsyna OI. Genotoxic and mutagenic properties of synthetic betulinic acid and betulonic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:462-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Strobykina IY, Belenok MG, Semenova MN, Semenov VV, Babaev VM, Rizvanov IK, Mironov VF, Kataev VE. Triphenylphosphonium Cations of the Diterpenoid Isosteviol: Synthesis and Antimitotic Activity in a Sea Urchin Embryo Model. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1300-8. [PMID: 26042548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations of the diterpenoid isosteviol (1, 16-oxo-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid) have been synthesized and evaluated in an in vivo phenotypic sea urchin embryo assay for antimitotic activity. The TPP moiety was applied as a carrier to provide selective accumulation of a connected compound into mitochondria. When applied to fertilized eggs, the targeted isosteviol TPP conjugates induced mitotic arrest with the formation of aberrant multipolar mitotic spindles, whereas both isosteviol and the methyltriphenylphosphonium cation were inactive. The structure-activity relationship study revealed the essential role of the TPP group for the realization of the isosteviol effect, while the chemical structure and the length of the linker only slightly influenced the antimitotic potency. The results obtained using the sea urchin embryo model suggested that TPP conjugates of isosteviol induced mitotic spindle defects and mitotic arrest presumably by affecting mitochondrial DNA. Since targeting mitochondria is considered as an encouraging strategy for cancer therapy, TPP-isosteviol conjugates may represent promising candidates for further design as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Strobykina
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mayya G Belenok
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N Semenova
- ‡N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 26, 119334, Moscow, Russian Federation
- §Chemical Block Ltd., 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Victor V Semenov
- ⊥N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy M Babaev
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ildar Kh Rizvanov
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E Kataev
- †A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
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78
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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79
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Potze L, Di Franco S, Grandela C, Pras-Raves ML, Picavet DI, van Veen HA, van Lenthe H, Mullauer FB, van der Wel NN, Luyf A, van Kampen AHC, Kemp S, Everts V, Kessler JH, Vaz FM, Medema JP. Betulinic acid induces a novel cell death pathway that depends on cardiolipin modification. Oncogene 2015; 35:427-37. [PMID: 25893306 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is associated with strong changes in lipid metabolism. For instance, normal cells take up fatty acids (FAs) from the circulation, while tumour cells generate their own and become dependent on de novo FA synthesis, which could provide a vulnerability to target tumour cells. Betulinic acid (BetA) is a natural compound that selectively kills tumour cells through an ill-defined mechanism that is independent of BAX and BAK, but depends on mitochondrial permeability transition-pore opening. Here we unravel this pathway and show that BetA inhibits the activity of steroyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD-1). This enzyme is overexpressed in tumour cells and critically important for cells that utilize de novo FA synthesis as it converts newly synthesized saturated FAs to unsaturated FAs. Intriguingly, we find that inhibition of SCD-1 by BetA or, alternatively, with a specific SCD-1 inhibitor directly and rapidly impacts on the saturation level of cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrial lipid that has important structural and metabolic functions and at the same time regulates mitochondria-dependent cell death. As a result of the enhanced CL saturation mitochondria of cancer cells, but not normal cells that do not depend on de novo FA synthesis, undergo ultrastructural changes, release cytochrome c and quickly induce cell death. Importantly, addition of unsaturated FAs circumvented the need for SCD-1 activity and thereby prevented BetA-induced CL saturation and subsequent cytotoxicity, supporting the importance of this novel pathway in the cytotoxicity induced by BetA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Potze
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Di Franco
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Grandela
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M L Pras-Raves
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Picavet
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core facility Cellular Imaging University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H A van Veen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core facility Cellular Imaging University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H van Lenthe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F B Mullauer
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N N van der Wel
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core facility Cellular Imaging University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Luyf
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Kemp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Everts
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core facility Cellular Imaging University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Kessler
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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80
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Yu M, Ocando JE, Trombetta L, Chatterjee P. Molecular interaction studies of amorphous solid dispersions of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:384-97. [PMID: 25331193 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a novel natural product with antimelanoma activity, has poor aqueous solubility (<0.1 μg/mL) and therefore exhibits poor bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of preparing BA solid dispersions (BA-SDs) with hydrophilic polymers to enhance the aqueous solubility of BA. Melt-quenched solid dispersions (MQ-SDs) of BA were prepared at various ratios with the hydrophilic polymers including Soluplus, HPMCAS-HF, Kollidon VA64, Kollidon K90, and Eudragit RLPO. BA was found to be miscible in all polymers at a 1:4 (w/w) ratio by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). BA/Soluplus MQ-SD exhibited the highest solubility in simulated body fluids followed by BA/Kollidon VA64 MQ-SD. The MQ-SDs of BA/Soluplus, BA/HPMCAS-HF, and BA/Kollidon VA64 were found to be amorphous as indicated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) studies indicated molecular interactions between BA and Soluplus. Our preliminary screening of polymers indicates that Soluplus and Kollidon VA64 exhibit the greatest potential to form BA-SDs.
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81
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Abstract
The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) continues to rise, partly because of aging, the frequency of early childhood sunburns, and sporadic extreme recreational sun exposure. A nonsurgical approach to selected cutaneous malignancy could possibly reduce the cost as well as morbidity of surgical treatment for NMSC. There has been growing interest in isolating compounds that could suppress or reverse the biochemical changes necessary for cutaneous malignancies to progress by pharmacologic intervention. By targeting diverse pathways recognized as important in the pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancers, a combination approach with multiple agents or addition of chemopreventative agents to topical sunscreens may offer the potential for novel and synergistic therapies in treating nonmelanoma skin cancer. This preliminary information will expand to include more therapeutic options for NMSC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasan R Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Varadraj V Pai
- Department of Dermatology, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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82
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Khazir J, Riley DL, Pilcher LA, De-Maayer P, Mir BA. Anticancer Agents from Diverse Natural Sources. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempts to portray the discovery and development of anticancer agents/drugs from diverse natural sources. Natural molecules from these natural sources including plants, microbes and marine organisms have been the basis of treatment of human diseases since the ancient times. Compounds derived from nature have been important sources of new drugs and also serve as templates for synthetic modification. Many successful anti-cancer drugs currently in use are naturally derived or their analogues and many more are under clinical trials. This review aims to highlight the invaluable role that natural products have played, and continue to play, in the discovery of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeena Khazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Pieter De-Maayer
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Bache M, Bernhardt S, Passin S, Wichmann H, Hein A, Zschornak M, Kappler M, Taubert H, Paschke R, Vordermark D. Betulinic acid derivatives NVX-207 and B10 for treatment of glioblastoma--an in vitro study of cytotoxicity and radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19777-90. [PMID: 25361208 PMCID: PMC4264138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene, represents a new therapeutic substance that has potential benefits for treating glioblastoma. Recently, new strategies for producing BA derivatives with improved properties have evolved. However, few studies have examined the combination of BA or BA derivatives using radiotherapy. The effects of two BA derivatives, NVX-207 and B10, on cellular and radiobiological behavior were analyzed using glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG, U343MG and LN229). Based on IC50 values under normoxic conditions, we detected a 1.3-2.9-fold higher cytotoxicity of the BA derivatives B10 and NVX-207, respectively, compared to BA. Incubation using both BA derivatives led to decreased cell migration, cleavage of PARP and decreased protein expression levels of Survivin. Weak radiation sensitivity enhancement was observed in U251MG cells after treatment with both BA derivatives. The enhancement factors at an irradiation dose of 6 Gy after treatment with 5 µM NVX-207 and 5 µM B10 were 1.32 (p=0.029) and 1.55 (p=0.002), respectively. In contrast to BA, neither NVX-207 nor B10 had additional effects under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that the BA derivatives NVX-207 and B10 improve the effects of radiotherapy on human malignant glioma cells, particularly under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Stephan Bernhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Sarina Passin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Anja Hein
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Martin Zschornak
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmann Str. 14, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Biozentrum, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Zhang H, Zhu P, Liu J, Yang X, Xu S, Yao H, Jiang J, Ye W, Wu X, Xu J. Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 3-oxo-23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:159-67. [PMID: 25247772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel derivatives of 3-oxo-23-hydroxybetulinic acid was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cell lines (HL-60, BEL-7402, SF-763, HeLa, B16 and A375). The results indicated that majority of the derivatives exhibited more significant antitumor activity than the parent compound. In particular compound 10e showed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 5.85, 6.23 and 7.22 μM against B16, SF-763 and BEL-7402 cells, respectively. Furthermore, 10e inhibited tumor growth by 51.8% and 62.7% (w/w) in H22 and B16 xenograft mouse models, comparable to cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Peiqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jieyun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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85
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Walter K, Ebert B, Lang C, Blank L. Metabolic Engineering von Saccharomyces cerevisiaefür die Produktion zyklischer Triterpenoide. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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86
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87
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Metelmann HR, Brandner JM, Schumann H, Bross F, Fimmers R, Böttger K, Scheffler A, Podmelle F. Accelerated reepithelialization by triterpenes: proof of concept in the healing of surgical skin lesions. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 28:1-11. [PMID: 25034442 DOI: 10.1159/000357501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The acceleration of wound healing is a major surgical concern. A triterpene extract from birch bark (Betulae cortex) experimentally enhances keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and accelerates wound healing ex vivo. We conducted an open, blind-evaluated, controlled, prospective, randomized (1:1) phase II clinical trial in patients requiring split-thickness skin graft transplantation at two university hospitals in Germany. Donor sites on the upper legs were covered with a moist silicone-coated dressing. Oleogel-S10 ointment containing 10% birch bark extract was randomly applied to the distal or proximal half of the wound, with the other half serving as an intraindividual control, for 14 days after the skin graft surgery. The primary efficacy variable was faster reepithelialization as determined from macrophotographs by independent, blinded experts. Twenty-four patients were randomized and completed the trial. After the 14-day test period, the planned interim analysis revealed a highly significant (p < 0.0001) superiority of Oleogel-S10 in the primary efficacy variable and the trial was terminated early due to ethical concerns. The treatment side was also better reepithelialized and more similar to normal skin after 3 months. In conclusion, Oleogel-S10 significantly accelerated reepithelialization at split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Treatment with Oleogel-S10 was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
Recent discoveries of AMPK activators point to the large number of therapeutic candidates that can be transformed to successful designs of novel drugs. AMPK is a universal energy sensor and influences almost all physiological processes in the cells. Thus, regulation of the cellular energy metabolism can be achieved in selective tissues via the artificial activation of AMPK by small molecules. Recently, special attention has been given to direct activators of AMPK that are regulated by several nonspecific upstream factors. The direct activation of AMPK, by definition, should lead to more specific biological activities and as a result minimize possible side effects.
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Cardioprotective effect of betulinic Acid on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:573745. [PMID: 24963326 PMCID: PMC4055472 DOI: 10.1155/2014/573745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aims to investigate the effect of betulinic acid (BA) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion/injury in an open-chest anesthetized rat model. Methods. The model was induced by 30 minutes left anterior descending occlusion followed by 2 hours reperfusion. There are six groups in our present study: sham operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group, low-dosage BA group, medium-dosage BA group, high-dosage BA group, and fosinopril sodium group. Rats in the latter four groups were administrated with BA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.g.) or fosinopril sodium (10 mg/kg, i.g.) once a day for 7 days before operation, respectively. Rats in the former two groups were given the same volume of vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na, i.g.). During the operation, cardiac function was continuously monitored. Serum LDH and CK were measured with colorimetric assays. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were investigated with western blot and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results. Pretreatment with BA improved cardiac function and attenuated LDH and CK activities compared with IR group. Further investigation demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and TUNEL assay was in line with the above results. Conclusion. BA may reduce the release of LDH and CK, prevent cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and eventually alleviate the extent of the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Betulinic acid in complex with a gamma-cyclodextrin derivative decreases proliferation and in vivo tumor development of non-metastatic and metastatic B164A5 cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8235-55. [PMID: 24821543 PMCID: PMC4057729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid, a very promising anti-melanoma agent, has very low water solubility that causes low bioavailability. To overcome this inconvenience, a highly water-soluble cyclodextrin was used (octakis-[6-deoxy-6-(2-sulfanyl ethanesulfonic acid)]-γ-cyclodextrin). The complex was physico-chemically analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods and then in vitro tested for its antiproliferative activity by the MTT assay and by cell cycle analysis. Finally, the complex was tested in vivo using an animal model of murine melanoma developed in C57BL/6J mice, where it caused a reduction in tumor volume and weight. The study revealed the beneficial influence of betulinic acid inclusion into the cyclodextrin in terms of antiproliferative activity and in vivo tumor development.
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91
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Hempenstall F, Chapuis JC, Groy TL, Williams L. Antineoplastic agents. 595. Structural modifications of betulin and the X-ray crystal structure of an unusual betulin amine dimer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:863-72. [PMID: 24694263 PMCID: PMC4010298 DOI: 10.1021/np400947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The lupane-type triterpene betulin (1) has been subjected to a series of structural modifications for the purpose of evaluating resultant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity. The reaction sequence 7→11→12 was especially noteworthy in providing a betulin-derived amine dimer. Other unexpected synthetic results included the 11 and 13/14→17 conversions, which yielded an imidazo derivative. X-ray crystal structures of dimer 12 and intermediate 25 are reported. All of the betulin modifications were examined for anticancer activity against the P388 murine and human cell lines. Significant cancer cell growth inhibition was found for 4, 8, 9, 15/16, 19, 20, 24, and 26, which further defines the utility of the betulin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Frank Hempenstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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92
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Tan QW, Ouyang MA, Gao B. Three new ring-A modified ursane triterpenes from Davidia involucrata. Molecules 2014; 19:4897-906. [PMID: 24747647 PMCID: PMC6271727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new ursane triterpenes, 3α,19α-dihydroxy-2-nor-urs-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-23-methyl ester (1), 19α,23-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2-nor-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), and 2,3-seco-3-methoxy-3,19α,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-2-al-28-oic acid (3), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the branch barks of Davidia involucrata, together with six known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by means of various spectroscopic analyses. The isolated triterpenes provide important evolutionary and chemotaxonomic knowledge about the monotypic genus Davidia. Five of the identified compounds showed moderate cytotoxicities against the cell proliferation of SGC-7901, MCF-7, and BEL-7404 with IC50 range from 7.26 to 47.41 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Ming-An Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- Fujian International Travel Health Care Center, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
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Gheorgheosu D, Jung M, Ören B, Schmid T, Dehelean C, Muntean D, Brüne B. Betulinic acid suppresses NGAL-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in melanoma. Biol Chem 2014; 394:773-81. [PMID: 23399635 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) exhibits antitumoral activity by blocking proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the impact of BA on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of cancer metastasis induced among others by neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), remains unknown. The present study aimed at determining the effect of BA on NGAL-induced EMT. In A375 melanoma cells, BA downregulated mesenchymal markers, increased epithelial markers, and inhibited cytoskeletal reorganization. In addition, BA limited endogenous NGAL production and further suppressed EMT induced by exogenously added NGAL and the corresponding invasive cellular phenotype. In conclusion, BA interferes with EMT-associated changes, a mechanism to antagonize invasive melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Gheorgheosu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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94
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Approaches to improve the oral bioavailability and effects of novel anticancer drugs berberine and betulinic acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89919. [PMID: 24614362 PMCID: PMC3948684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor bioavailability of Berberine (BBR) and Betulinic acid (BA) limits the development of these promising anticancer agents for clinical use. In the current study, BBR and BA in spray dried (SD) mucoadhesive microparticle formulations were prepared. METHODS A patented dual channel spray gun technology established in our laboratory was used for both formulations. Gastrointestinal (GI) permeability studies were carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer grown in in-vitro system. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of SD formulations were studied in Sprague Dawley rats. A549 orthotopic and H1650 metastatic NSCLC models were utilized for the anticancer evaluations. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that BBR and BA SD formulations resulted in 3.46 and 3.90 fold respectively, significant increase in plasma Cmax concentrations. AUC levels were increased by 6.98 and 7.41 fold in BBR and BA SD formulations, respectively. Compared to untreated controls groups, 49.8 & 53.4% decrease in the tumor volumes was observed in SD formulation groups of BBR and BA, respectively. Molecular studies done on excised tumor (A549) tissue suggested that BBR in SD form resulted in a significant decrease in the survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF and CD31 expressions. Cleaved caspase 3, p53 and TUNEL expressions were increased in SD formulations. The RT-PCR analysis on H1650 tumor tissue suggested that p38, Phospho-JNK, Bax, BAD, cleaved caspase 3&8 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in BA SD formulations. Chronic administration of BBR and BA SD formulations did not show any toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Due to significant increase in oral bioavailability and superior anticancer effects, our results suggest that spray drying is a superior alternative formulation approach for oral delivery of BBR and BA.
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95
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Schwarzer C, Fu Z, Shuai S, Babbar S, Zhao G, Li C, Machen TE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa homoserine lactone triggers apoptosis and Bak/Bax-independent release of mitochondrial cytochrome C in fibroblasts. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1094-104. [PMID: 24438098 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa use N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (C12) as a quorum-sensing molecule to regulate gene expression in the bacteria. It is expected that in patients with chronic infections with P. aeruginosa, especially as biofilms, local [C12] will be high and, since C12 is lipid soluble, diffuse from the airways into the epithelium and underlying fibroblasts, capillary endothelia and white blood cells. Previous work showed that C12 has multiple effects in human host cells, including activation of apoptosis. The present work tested the involvement of Bak and Bax in C12-triggered apoptosis in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) by comparing MEF isolated from embryos of wild-type (WT) and Bax(-/-) /Bak(-/-) (DKO) mice. In WT MEF C12 rapidly triggered (minutes to 2 h): activation of caspases 3/7 and 8, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψmito ), release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol, blebbing of plasma membranes, shrinkage/condensation of cells and nuclei and, subsequently, cell killing. A DKO MEF line that was relatively unaffected by the Bak/Bax-dependent proapoptotic stimulants staurosporine and etoposide responded to C12 similarly to WT MEF: activation of caspase 3/7, depolarization of Δψmito and release of cytochrome C and cell death. Re-expression of Bax or Bak in DKO MEF did not alter the WT-like responses to C12 in DKO MEF. These data showed that C12 triggers novel, rapid proapoptotic Bak/Bax-independent responses that include events commonly associated with activation of both the intrinsic pathway (depolarization of Δψmito and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol) and the extrinsic pathway (activation of caspase 8). Unlike the proapoptotic agonists staurosporine and etoposide that release cytochrome C from mitochondria, C12's effects do not require participation of either Bak or Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwarzer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3200, USA
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96
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Spivak AY, Nedopekina DA, Shakurova ER, Khalitova RR, Gubaidullin RR, Odinokov VN, Dzhemilev UM, Bel’skii YP, Bel’skaya NV, Stankevich SA, Korotkaya EV, Khazanov VA. Synthesis of lupane triterpenoids with triphenylphosphonium substituents and studies of their antitumor activity. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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97
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Mitochondrial toxin betulinic acid induces in vitro eryptosis in human red blood cells through membrane permeabilization. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:755-68. [PMID: 24241250 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a compound isolated from the bark of white birch (Betula pubescens), was reported to induce apoptosis in many types of cancer through mitochondrial dysfunction with low side effects in normal cells. Because of these features, BA is regarded as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, the effect of BA on the induction of cell death in human erythrocytes remains unknown. Given that BA is a mitochondrial toxin and mitochondria are the central cell death regulator, we hypothesized that BA is unable to elicit apoptosis (also known as eryptosis or erythroptosis) in human erythrocytes devoid of mitochondria. This study therefore tried to determine the in vitro effect of BA on the induction of eryptosis/erythroptosis. Contrary to our prediction, BA caused phosphatidylserine externalization, increase in cellular Ca(2+) ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and eryptosis/erythroptosis in human erythrocytes with a lethal dose larger than that in cancer lines. Mechanistically, the rise of [Ca(2+)]i seems not to be the only key mediator in the BA-mediated eryptosis/erythroptosis because depletion of external Ca(2+) and use of Ca(2+) channels blockers could not eliminate the BA's effect. Also, BA was able to elicit discocyte-echinocyte transformation and release calcein from the RBC ghosts in a way similar to digitonin through membrane permeabilization. Collectively, we report here for the first time that BA induced eryptosis/erythroptosis in human erythrocytes through Ca(2+) loading and membrane permeabilization.
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Chang VHS, Yang DHA, Lin HH, Pearce G, Ryan CA, Chen YC. IbACP, a sixteen-amino-acid peptide isolated from Ipomoea batatas leaves, induces carcinoma cell apoptosis. Peptides 2013; 47:148-56. [PMID: 23428969 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A 16-amino-acid peptide was isolated from the leaves of sweet potato. The peptide caused a rapid alkalinization response in tomato suspension culture media, a characteristic of defense peptides in plants. No post-translational modification was observed on the peptide according to MALDI-MS analysis. We have named the peptide Ipomoea batatas anti-cancer peptide (IbACP). IbACP also was shown with the ability to dose-dependently inhibit Panc-1, a pancreatic cancer line, cell proliferation. The morphological observations of the Panc-1 cells by phase contrast microscopy showed significant changes after treatment with IbACP. Moreover, caspase-3 and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] were activated by IbACP treatment, followed by cell death. An increase in the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and -9 was also detected by an immunoblot assay after treatment with IbACP. In addition, genomic DNA fragmentation and decreased cellular proliferation were induced when IbACP was supplied to the Panc-1 cells, further demonstrating its biological relevance. The combined data indicates that IbACP peptide may have an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation by inducing and promoting apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This report also showed that IbACP peptide contains potent anti-cancer effects and may play an important role in herbal medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent H-S Chang
- Program for Translation Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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99
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Khan I, Sangwan PL, Dar AA, Rafiq RA, Farrukh MR, Dhar JK, Tasduq SA, Koul S. A validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the identification and simultaneous quantification of six markers from Platanus orientalis
and their cytotoxic profiles against skin cancer cell lines. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2602-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Payare L. Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Alamgir A. Dar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Rather A. Rafiq
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Mufti R. Farrukh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Jagdish K. Dhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Sheikh A. Tasduq
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Surrinder Koul
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Martín-Pérez J, Elson A, Pulido R. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as novel targets in breast cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:211-26. [PMID: 23756181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is linked to hyperactivation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), and recent studies have unveiled that selective tyrosine dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) of specific substrates, including PTKs, may activate or inactivate oncogenic pathways in human breast cancer cell growth-related processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of PTPs in breast cancer, as major regulators of breast cancer therapy-targeted PTKs, such as HER1/EGFR, HER2/Neu, and Src. The functional interplay between PTKs and PTK-activating or -inactivating PTPs, and its implications in novel breast cancer therapies based on targeting of specific PTPs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital de Cruces, Plaza Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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