51
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Balejcikova L, Siposova K, Kopcansky P, Safarik I. Fe(II) formation after interaction of the amyloid β-peptide with iron-storage protein ferritin. J Biol Phys 2018; 44:237-243. [PMID: 29740739 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) with the iron-storage protein ferritin was studied in vitro. We have shown that Aβ during fibril formation process is able to reduce Fe(III) from the ferritin core (ferrihydrite) to Fe(II). The Aβ-mediated Fe(III) reduction yielded a two-times-higher concentration of free Fe(II) than the spontaneous formation of Fe(II) by the ferritin itself. We suggest that Aβ can also act as a ferritin-specific metallochaperone-like molecule capturing Fe(III) from the ferritin ferrihydrite core. Our observation may partially explain the formation of Fe(II)-containing minerals in human brains suffering by neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balejcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Siposova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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52
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Quantitative comparison of different iron forms in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer patients and control subjects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6898. [PMID: 29720594 PMCID: PMC5932027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a quantitative study of different molecular iron forms found in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer (AD) patients. Applying the methodology we developed in our previous work, we quantify the concentrations of non-heme Fe(III) by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), magnetite/maghemite and ferrihydrite by SQUID magnetometry, together with the MRI transverse relaxation rate [Formula: see text], to obtain a systematic view of molecular iron in the temporal cortex. Significantly higher values of [Formula: see text], a larger concentration of ferrihydrite, and a larger magnetic moment of magnetite/maghemite particles are found in the brain of AD patients. Moreover, we found correlations between the concentration of the iron detected by EPR, the concentration of the ferrihydrite mineral and the average iron loading of ferritin. We discuss these findings in the framework of iron dis-homeostasis, which has been proposed to occur in the brain of AD patients.
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53
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Lupton MK, Benyamin B, Proitsi P, Nyholt DR, Ferreira MA, Montgomery GW, Heath AC, Madden PA, Medland SE, Gordon SD, Lovestone S, Tsolaki M, Kloszewska I, Soininen H, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Powell JF, Bush AI, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Whitfield JB. No Genetic Overlap Between Circulating Iron Levels and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:85-99. [PMID: 28582860 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron deposition in the brain is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, peripheral iron measures have also been shown to be associated with AD status. However, it is not known whether these associations are causal: do elevated or depleted iron levels throughout life have an effect on AD risk? We evaluate the effects of peripheral iron on AD risk using a genetic profile score approach by testing whether variants affecting iron, transferrin, or ferritin levels selected from GWAS meta-analysis of approximately 24,000 individuals are also associated with AD risk in an independent case-control cohort (n∼10,000). Conversely, we test whether AD risk variants from a GWAS meta-analysis of approximately 54,000 account for any variance in iron measures (n∼9,000). We do not identify a genetic relationship, suggesting that peripheral iron is not causal in the initiation of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Memory and Dementia Centre, 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of EasternFinland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole, CHU, UMR INSERM 1027, University ofToulouse, France
| | - John F Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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54
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van Bergen JMG, Li X, Quevenco FC, Gietl AF, Treyer V, Meyer R, Buck A, Kaufmann PA, Nitsch RM, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. Simultaneous quantitative susceptibility mapping and Flutemetamol-PET suggests local correlation of iron and β-amyloid as an indicator of cognitive performance at high age. Neuroimage 2018; 174:308-316. [PMID: 29548847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of β-amyloid plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recently published data suggest that increased brain iron burden may reflect pathologies that synergistically contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction. While preclinical disease stages are considered most promising for therapeutic intervention, the link between emerging AD-pathology and earliest clinical symptoms remains largely unclear. In the current study we therefore investigated local correlations between iron and β-amyloid plaques, and their possible association with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. 116 older adults (mean age 75 ± 7.4 years) received neuropsychological testing to calculate a composite cognitive score of performance in episodic memory, executive functioning, attention, language and communication. All participants were scanned on a combined PET-MRI instrument and were administered T1-sequences for anatomical mapping, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for assessing iron, and 18F-Flutemetamol-PET for estimating β-amyloid plaque load. Biological parametric mapping (BPM) was used to generate masks indicating voxels with significant (p < 0.05) correlation between susceptibility and 18F-Flutemetamol-SUVR. We found a bilateral pattern of clusters characterized by a statistical relationship between magnetic susceptibility and 18F-Flutemetamol-SUVR, indicating local correlations between iron and β-amyloid plaque deposition. For two bilateral clusters, located in the frontal and temporal cortex, significant relationships (p<0.05) between local β-amyloid and the composite cognitive performance score could be observed. No relationship between whole-cortex β-amyloid plaque load and cognitive performance was observable. Our data suggest that the local correlation of β-amyloid plaque load and iron deposition may provide relevant information regarding cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Further studies are needed to clarify pathological correlates of the local interaction of β-amyloid, iron and other causes of altered magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - X Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F C Quevenco
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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55
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Abstract
Brain iron is tightly regulated by a multitude of proteins to ensure homeostasis. Iron dyshomeostasis has become a molecular signature associated with aging which is accompanied by progressive decline in cognitive processes. A common theme in neurodegenerative diseases where age is the major risk factor, iron dyshomeostasis coincides with neuroinflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and neurobehavioral deficits. There is a great need to determine the mechanisms governing perturbations in iron metabolism, in particular to distinguish between physiological and pathological aging to generate fruitful therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review is to focus on the age-related alterations in brain iron metabolism from a cellular and molecular biology perspective, alongside genetics, and neuroimaging aspects in man and rodent models, with respect to normal aging and neurodegeneration. In particular, the relationship between iron dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation will be evaluated, as well as the effects of systemic iron overload on the brain. Based on the evidence discussed here, we suggest a synergistic use of iron-chelators and anti-inflammatories as putative anti-brain aging therapies to counteract pathological aging in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhaar Ashraf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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56
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Peters DG, Pollack AN, Cheng KC, Sun D, Saido T, Haaf MP, Yang QX, Connor JR, Meadowcroft MD. Dietary lipophilic iron alters amyloidogenesis and microglial morphology in Alzheimer's disease knock-in APP mice. Metallomics 2018; 10:426-443. [PMID: 29424844 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, microgliosis, and iron dyshomeostasis. Increased labile iron due to homeostatic dysregulation is believed to facilitate amyloidogenesis. Free iron is incorporated into aggregating amyloid peptides during Aβ plaque formation and increases potential for oxidative stress surrounding plaques. The goal of this work was to observe how brain iron levels temporally influence Aβ plaque formation, plaque iron concentration, and microgliosis. We fed humanized APPNL-F and APPNL-G-F knock-in mice lipophilic iron compound 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl ferrocene (TMHF) and iron deficient diets for twelve months. TMHF elevated brain iron by 22% and iron deficiency decreased brain iron 21% relative to control diet. Increasing brain iron with TMHF accelerated plaque formation, increased Aβ staining, and increased senile morphology of amyloid plaques. Increased brain iron was associated with increased plaque-iron loading and microglial iron inclusions. TMHF decreased IBA1+ microglia branch length while increasing roundness indicative of microglial activation. This body of work suggests that increasing mouse brain iron with TMHF potentiates a more human-like Alzheimer's disease phenotype with iron integration into Aβ plaques and associated microgliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA and Department of Neural and Behavioral Science, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexis N Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Keith C Cheng
- Department of Pathology (Gittlen Cancer Research Institute), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wakō-shi, Saitama-ken, Japan
| | - Michael P Haaf
- Department of Chemistry, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA and Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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57
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Bagheri S, Squitti R, Haertlé T, Siotto M, Saboury AA. Role of Copper in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Other Metals. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29472855 PMCID: PMC5810277 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid plaques in patients' brain tissue. The plaques are mainly made of β-amyloid peptides and trace elements including Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Some studies have shown that AD can be considered a type of metal dyshomeostasis. Among metal ions involved in plaques, numerous studies have focused on copper ions, which seem to be one of the main cationic elements in plaque formation. The involvement of copper in AD is controversial, as some studies show a copper deficiency in AD, and consequently a need to enhance copper levels, while other data point to copper overload and therefore a need to reduce copper levels. In this paper, the role of copper ions in AD and some contradictory reports are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Equipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines, Nantes, France
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ali A. Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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58
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Nanotherapy for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Targeting senile endothelium. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 251:44-54. [PMID: 29274774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of Alzheimer's disease, multiple cellular types need to be targeted simultaneously in order for a given therapy to demonstrate any major effectiveness. Ultrasound-sensitive coated microbubbles (in a targeted lipid nanoemulsion) are available. Versatile small molecule drug(s) targeting multiple pathways of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis are known. By incorporating such drug(s) into the targeted "lipid-coated microbubble" [LCM]/"nanoparticle-derived" [ND] (or LCM/ND) nanoemulsion type, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic for translational medicine. This multitasking therapeutic targets cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly class B type I), or SR-BI, making possible for various Alzheimer's-related cell types to be simultaneously searched out for localized drug treatment in vivo. Besides targeting cell-surface SR-BI, the proposed LCM/ND-nanoemulsion combination therapeutic(s) include a characteristic lipid-coated microbubble [LCM] subpopulation (i.e., a stable LCM suspension); such film-stabilized microbubbles are well known to substantially reduce the acoustic power levels needed for accomplishing temporary noninvasive (transcranial) ultrasound treatment, or sonoporation, if additionally desired for the Alzheimer's patient.
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59
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60
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Sassi M, Pearce CI, Bagus PS, Arenholz E, Rosso KM. First-Principles Fe L 2,3-Edge and O K-Edge XANES and XMCD Spectra for Iron Oxides. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7613-7618. [PMID: 28933158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopies are tools in widespread use for providing detailed local atomic structure, oxidation state, and magnetic structure information for materials and organometallic complexes. The analysis of these spectra for transition-metal L-edges is routinely performed on the basis of ligand-field multiplet theory because one- and two-particle mean-field ab initio methods typically cannot describe the multiplet structure. Here we show that multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations can satisfactorily reproduce measured XANES spectra for a range of complex iron oxide materials including hematite and magnetite. MRCI Fe L2,3-edge XANES and XMCD spectra of Fe(II)O6, Fe(III)O6, and Fe(III)O4 in magnetite are found to be in very good qualitative agreement with experiment and multiplet calculations. Point-charge embedding and small distortions of the first-shell oxygen ligands have only small effects. Oxygen K-edge XANES/XMCD spectra for magnetite investigated by a real-space Green's function approach complete the very good qualitative agreement with experiment. Material-specific differences in local coordination and site symmetry are well reproduced, making the approach useful for assigning spectral features to specific oxidation states and coordination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sassi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Paul S Bagus
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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61
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Iron Biochemistry is Correlated with Amyloid Plaque Morphology in an Established Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1205-1215.e3. [PMID: 28890316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A signature characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils in the brain. Nevertheless, the links between Aβ and AD pathology remain incompletely understood. It has been proposed that neurotoxicity arising from aggregation of the Aβ1-42 peptide can in part be explained by metal ion binding interactions. Using advanced X-ray microscopy techniques at sub-micron resolution, we investigated relationships between iron biochemistry and AD pathology in intact cortex from an established mouse model over-producing Aβ. We found a direct correlation of amyloid plaque morphology with iron, and evidence for the formation of an iron-amyloid complex. We also show that iron biomineral deposits in the cortical tissue contain the mineral magnetite, and provide evidence that Aβ-induced chemical reduction of iron could occur in vivo. Our observations point to the specific role of iron in amyloid deposition and AD pathology, and may impact development of iron-modifying therapeutics for AD.
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62
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Grasso G, Komatsu H, Axelsen P. Covalent modifications of the amyloid beta peptide by hydroxynonenal: Effects on metal ion binding by monomers and insights into the fibril topology. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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63
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Adolfsson L, Nziengui H, Abreu IN, Šimura J, Beebo A, Herdean A, Aboalizadeh J, Široká J, Moritz T, Novák O, Ljung K, Schoefs B, Spetea C. Enhanced Secondary- and Hormone Metabolism in Leaves of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:392-411. [PMID: 28698354 PMCID: PMC5580739 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most common symbiotic associations between a plant's root compartment and fungi. They provide nutritional benefit (mostly inorganic phosphate [Pi]), leading to improved growth, and nonnutritional benefits, including defense responses to environmental cues throughout the host plant, which, in return, delivers carbohydrates to the symbiont. However, how transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring in leaves of AM plants differ from those induced by Pi fertilization is poorly understood. We investigated systemic changes in the leaves of mycorrhized Medicago truncatula in conditions with no improved Pi status and compared them with those induced by high-Pi treatment in nonmycorrhized plants. Microarray-based genome-wide profiling indicated up-regulation by mycorrhization of genes involved in flavonoid, terpenoid, jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis as well as enhanced expression of MYC2, the master regulator of JA-dependent responses. Accordingly, total anthocyanins and flavonoids increased, and most flavonoid species were enriched in AM leaves. Both the AM and Pi treatments corepressed iron homeostasis genes, resulting in lower levels of available iron in leaves. In addition, higher levels of cytokinins were found in leaves of AM- and Pi-treated plants, whereas the level of ABA was increased specifically in AM leaves. Foliar treatment of nonmycorrhized plants with either ABA or JA induced the up-regulation of MYC2, but only JA also induced the up-regulation of flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthetic genes. Based on these results, we propose that mycorrhization and Pi fertilization share cytokinin-mediated improved shoot growth, whereas enhanced ABA biosynthesis and JA-regulated flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis in leaves are specific to mycorrhization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Adolfsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hugues Nziengui
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Azeez Beebo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jila Aboalizadeh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, University Bretagne Loire, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral - Fédération de Recherche 3473 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Le Mans, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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64
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Kim HG, Park S, Rhee HY, Lee KM, Ryu CW, Rhee SJ, Lee SY, Wang Y, Jahng GH. Quantitative susceptibility mapping to evaluate the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 16:429-438. [PMID: 28879084 PMCID: PMC5577408 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate susceptibility changes caused by iron accumulation in cognitive normal (CN) elderly, those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and those with early state AD, and to compare the findings with gray matter volume (GMV) changes caused by neuronal loss. The participants included 19 elderly CN, 19 aMCI, and 19 AD subjects. The voxel-based quantitative susceptibility map (QSM) and GMV in the brain were calculated and the differences of those insides were compared among the three groups. The differences of the QSM data and GMVs among the three groups were investigated by voxel-based and region of interest (ROI)-based comparisons using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test with the gender and age as covariates. Finally, a receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. The voxel-based results showed that QSM demonstrated more areas with significant difference between the CN and AD groups compared to GMV. GMVs were decreased, but QSM values were increased in aMCI and AD groups compared with the CN group. QSM better differentiated aMCI from CN than GMV in the precuneus and allocortex regions. In the accumulation regions of iron and amyloid β, QSM can be used to differentiate between CN and aMCI groups, indicating a useful an auxiliary imaging for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyug-Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Cornell University, 515 E 71st Street, Suite 102, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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Calap-Quintana P, González-Fernández J, Sebastiá-Ortega N, Llorens JV, Moltó MD. Drosophila melanogaster Models of Metal-Related Human Diseases and Metal Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1456. [PMID: 28684721 PMCID: PMC5535947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, copper and zinc are transition metals essential for life because they are required in a multitude of biological processes. Organisms have evolved to acquire metals from nutrition and to maintain adequate levels of each metal to avoid damaging effects associated with its deficiency, excess or misplacement. Interestingly, the main components of metal homeostatic pathways are conserved, with many orthologues of the human metal-related genes having been identified and characterized in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila has gained appreciation as a useful model for studying human diseases, including those caused by mutations in pathways controlling cellular metal homeostasis. Flies have many advantages in the laboratory, such as a short life cycle, easy handling and inexpensive maintenance. Furthermore, they can be raised in a large number. In addition, flies are greatly appreciated because they offer a considerable number of genetic tools to address some of the unresolved questions concerning disease pathology, which in turn could contribute to our understanding of the metal metabolism and homeostasis. This review recapitulates the metabolism of the principal transition metals, namely iron, zinc and copper, in Drosophila and the utility of this organism as an experimental model to explore the role of metal dyshomeostasis in different human diseases. Finally, a summary of the contribution of Drosophila as a model for testing metal toxicity is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Calap-Quintana
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noelia Sebastiá-Ortega
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - José Vicente Llorens
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Moltó
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.
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Yarjanli Z, Ghaedi K, Esmaeili A, Rahgozar S, Zarrabi A. Iron oxide nanoparticles may damage to the neural tissue through iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:51. [PMID: 28651647 PMCID: PMC5485499 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent decade, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been proposed for several applications in the central nervous system (CNS), including targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) in the arteries, inhibiting the microglial cells, delivering drugs, and increasing contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. Conversely, a notable number of studies have reported the role of iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study has reviewed the recent studies to determine whether IONPs iron can threaten the cellular viability same as iron. RESULTS Iron contributes in Fenton's reaction and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS cause to damage the macromolecules and organelles of the cell via oxidative stress. Iron accumulation and oxidative stress are able to aggregate some proteins, including Aβ and α-synuclein, which play a critical role in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively. Iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation make a positive feedback loop, which can be toxic for the cell. The release of iron ions from IONPs may result in iron accumulation in the targeted tissue, and thus, activate the positive feedback loop. However, the levels of IONPs induced toxicity depend on the size, concentration, surface charge, and the type of coating and functional groups of IONPs. CONCLUSION IONPs depending on their properties can lead to iron accumulation, oxidative stress and protein aggregation in the neural cells. Therefore, in order to apply IONPs in the CNS, the consideration of IONPs properties is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yarjanli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Square, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Koralewski M. Physiological origin of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in health and disease: from bacteria to humans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4371-4395. [PMID: 28652739 PMCID: PMC5476634 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) in the human brain gives a strong impulse to study and understand their origin. Although knowledge of the subject is increasing continuously, much remains to be done for further development to help our society fight a number of pathologies related to BMNPs. This review provides an insight into the puzzle of the physiological origin of BMNPs in organisms of all three domains of life: prokaryotes, archaea, and eukaryotes, including humans. Predictions based on comparative genomic studies are presented along with experimental data obtained by physical methods. State-of-the-art understanding of the genetic control of biomineralization of BMNPs and their properties are discussed in detail. We present data on the differences in BMNP levels in health and disease (cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and atherosclerosis), and discuss the existing hypotheses on the biological functions of BMNPs, with special attention paid to the role of the ferritin core and apoferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine (Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute)
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Nappini S, Matruglio A, Naumenko D, Dal Zilio S, Bondino F, Lazzarino M, Magnano E. Graphene nanobubbles on TiO 2 for in-operando electron spectroscopy of liquid-phase chemistry. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4456-4466. [PMID: 28304018 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) provide unique knowledge on the electronic structure and chemical properties of materials. Unfortunately this information is scarce when investigating solid/liquid interfaces and chemical or photochemical reactions under ambient conditions because of the short electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) that requires a vacuum environment, which poses serious limitation on the application of XPS and XAS to samples present in the atmosphere or in the presence of a solvent. One promising approach is the use of graphene (Gr) windows transparent to both photons and electrons. This paper proposes an innovative system based on sealed Gr nanobubbles (GNBs) on a titanium dioxide TiO2 (100) rutile single crystal filled with the solution of interest during the fabrication stage. The GNBs were successfully employed to follow in-operando the thermal-induced reduction of FeCl3 to FeCl2 in aqueous solution. The electronic states of chlorine, iron and oxygen were obtained through a combination of electron spectroscopy methods (XPS and XAS) in different phases of the process. The interaction of various components in solution with solid surfaces constituting the cell was obtained, also highlighting the formation of a covalent C-Cl bond in the Gr structure. For the easiness of GNB fabrication and straightforward extension to a large variety of solutions, we envisage a broad application of the proposed approach to investigate in detail electronic mechanisms that regulate liquid/solid electron transfer in catalytic and energy conversion related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - A Matruglio
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy. and University of Trieste, Graduate School of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Naumenko
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - S Dal Zilio
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Lazzarino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy. and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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69
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Hwang EJ, Kim HG, Kim D, Rhee HY, Ryu CW, Liu T, Wang Y, Jahng GH. Texture analyses of quantitative susceptibility maps to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from cognitive normal and mild cognitive impairment. Med Phys 2017; 43:4718. [PMID: 27487889 DOI: 10.1118/1.4958959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a number of studies have focused on finding anatomical regions in which iron concentrations are high, no study has been conducted to examine the overall variations in susceptibility maps of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study, therefore, was to differentiate AD from cognitive normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a texture analysis of quantitative susceptibility maps (QSMs). METHODS The study was approved by the local institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. In each participant group-CN, MCI, and AD-18 elderly subjects were enrolled. A fully first-order flow-compensated 3D gradient-echo sequence was run to obtain axial magnitudes and phase images and to produce QSM data. Sagittal structural 3D T1-weighted (3DT1W) images were also obtained with the magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient-echo sequence to obtain brain tissue images. The first- and second-order texture parameters of the QSMs and 3DT1W images were obtained to evaluate group differences using a one-way analysis of covariance. RESULTS For the first-order QSM analysis, mean, standard deviation, and covariance of signal intensity separated the subject groups (F = 5.191, p = 0.009). For the second-order analysis, angular second moment, contrast, and correlation separated the subject groups (F = 6.896, p = 0.002). Finally, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis differentiated MCI from CN in white matter on the QSMs (z = 3.092, p = 0.0020). CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to evaluate the textures of QSM in AD, which overcame the limitations of voxel-based analyses. The QSM texture analysis successfully distinguished both AD and MCI from CN and outperformed the voxel-based analysis using 3DT1-weighed images in separating MCI from CN. The first-order textures were more efficient in differentiating MCI from CN than did the second-order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo-Jin Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Hyug-Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Cornell University, #515 E 71st Street, Suite 102, New York, New York 10021
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Cornell University, #515 E 71st Street, Suite 102, New York, New York 10021
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
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Hidalgo T, Giménez-Marqués M, Bellido E, Avila J, Asensio MC, Salles F, Lozano MV, Guillevic M, Simón-Vázquez R, González-Fernández A, Serre C, Alonso MJ, Horcajada P. Chitosan-coated mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) nanoparticles as improved bio-compatible oral nanocarriers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43099. [PMID: 28256600 PMCID: PMC5335263 DOI: 10.1038/srep43099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanometric biocompatible Metal-Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) are promising candidates for drug delivery. Up to now, most studies have targeted the intravenous route, related to pain and severe complications; whereas nanoMOFs for oral administration, a commonly used non-invasive and simpler route, remains however unexplored. We propose here the biofriendly preparation of a suitable oral nanocarrier based on the benchmarked biocompatible mesoporous iron(III) trimesate nanoparticles coated with the bioadhesive polysaccharide chitosan (CS). This method does not hamper the textural/structural properties and the sorption/release abilities of the nanoMOFs upon surface engineering. The interaction between the CS and the nanoparticles has been characterized through a combination of high resolution soft X-ray absorption and computing simulation, while the positive impact of the coating on the colloidal and chemical stability under oral simulated conditions is here demonstrated. Finally, the intestinal barrier bypass capability and biocompatibility of CS-coated nanoMOF have been assessed in vitro, leading to an increased intestinal permeability with respect to the non-coated material, maintaining an optimal biocompatibility. In conclusion, the preservation of the interesting physicochemical features of the CS-coated nanoMOF and their adapted colloidal stability and progressive biodegradation, together with their improved intestinal barrier bypass, make these nanoparticles a promising oral nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hidalgo
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - M. Giménez-Marqués
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - E. Bellido
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - J. Avila
- Synchrotron SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. C. Asensio
- Synchrotron SOLEIL & Université Paris-Saclay, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F. Salles
- ICGM - UMR5253- Equipe AIME, Université Montpellier II, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon - CC 1502, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - M. V. Lozano
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - M. Guillevic
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - R. Simón-Vázquez
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A. González-Fernández
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - C. Serre
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
| | - M. J. Alonso
- Nanobiofar. Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P. Horcajada
- Institut Lavoisier, CNRS UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles cedex, University Paris-Saclay, France
- IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Mizuno D, Kawahara M. Link Between Metal Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Crosstalk of Metals and Amyloidogenic Proteins at the Synapse. Metallomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56463-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Kumar P, Bulk M, Webb A, van der Weerd L, Oosterkamp TH, Huber M, Bossoni L. A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38916. [PMID: 27941952 PMCID: PMC5150947 DOI: 10.1038/srep38916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel combination of methods to study the physical properties of ferric ions and iron-oxide nanoparticles in post-mortem human brain, based on the combination of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and SQUID magnetometry. By means of EPR, we derive the concentration of the low molecular weight iron pool, as well as the product of its electron spin relaxation times. Additionally, by SQUID magnetometry we identify iron mineralization products ascribable to a magnetite/maghemite phase and a ferrihydrite (ferritin) phase. We further derive the concentration of magnetite/maghemite and of ferritin nanoparticles. To test out the new combined methodology, we studied brain tissue of an Alzheimer’s patient and a healthy control. Finally, we estimate that the size of the magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles, whose magnetic moments are blocked at room temperature, exceeds 40–50 nm, which is not compatible with the ferritin protein, the core of which is typically 6–8 nm. We believe that this methodology could be beneficial in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease which are characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tjerk H Oosterkamp
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dusek P, Schneider SA, Aaseth J. Iron chelation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:81-92. [PMID: 27033472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance of cerebral iron regulation is almost universal in neurodegenerative disorders. There is a growing body of evidence that increased iron deposits may contribute to degenerative changes. Thus, the effect of iron chelation therapy has been investigated in many neurological disorders including rare genetic syndromes with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation as well as common sporadic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of iron in the etiology of neurodegeneration. Outcomes of studies investigating the effect of iron chelation therapy in neurodegenerative disorders are systematically presented in tables. Iron chelators, particularly the blood brain barrier-crossing compound deferiprone, are capable of decreasing cerebral iron in areas with abnormally high concentrations as documented by MRI. Yet, currently, there is no compelling evidence of the clinical effect of iron removal therapy on any neurological disorder. However, several studies indicate that it may prevent or slow down disease progression of several disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration or Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway; Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway
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Banerjee P, Sahoo A, Anand S, Bir A, Chakrabarti S. The Oral Iron Chelator, Deferasirox, Reverses the Age-Dependent Alterations in Iron and Amyloid-β Homeostasis in Rat Brain: Implications in the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:681-93. [PMID: 26484920 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The altered metabolism of iron impacts the brain function in multiple deleterious ways during normal aging as well as in Alzheimer's disease. We have shown in this study that chelatable iron accumulates in the aged rat brain along with overexpression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and ferritin, accompanied by significant alterations in amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide homeostasis in the aging brain, such as an increased production of the amyloid-β protein precursor, a decreased level of neprilysin, and increased accumulation of Aβ42. When aged rats are given daily the iron chelator, deferasirox, over a period of more than 4 months starting from the 18th month, the age-related accumulation of iron and overexpression of TfR1 and ferritin in the brain are significantly prevented. More interestingly, the chelator treatment also considerably reverses the altered Aβ peptide metabolism in the aging brain implying a significant role of iron in the latter phenomenon. Further, other results indicate that iron accumulation results in oxidative stress and the activation of NF-κB in the aged rat brain, which are also reversed by the deferasirox treatment. The analysis of the results together suggests that iron accumulation and oxidative stress interact at multiple levels that include transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to bring about changes in the expression levels of TfR1 and ferritin and also alterations in Aβ peptide metabolism in the aging rat brain. The efficacy of deferasirox in preventing age-related changes in iron and Aβ peptide metabolism in the aging brain, as shown here, has obvious therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanjalee Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical and Educational Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghyadip Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical and Educational Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shruti Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical and Educational Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Aritri Bir
- Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, India
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75
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High-resolution analytical imaging and electron holography of magnetite particles in amyloid cores of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24873. [PMID: 27121137 PMCID: PMC4848473 DOI: 10.1038/srep24873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Formation of amyloid-β plaque cores (APC) is related to interactions with biometals, especially Fe, Cu and Zn, but their particular structural associations and roles remain unclear. Using an integrative set of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM), nano-beam electron diffraction, electron holography and analytical spectroscopy techniques (EDX and EELS), we demonstrate that Fe in APC is present as iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetite nanoparticles. Here we show that Fe was accumulated primarily as nanostructured particles within APC, whereas Cu and Zn were distributed through the amyloid fibers. Remarkably, these highly organized crystalline magnetite nanostructures directly bound into fibrillar Aβ showed characteristic superparamagnetic responses with saturated magnetization with circular contours, as observed for the first time by off-axis electron holography of nanometer scale particles.
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76
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Li K, Reichmann H. Role of iron in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:389-99. [PMID: 26794939 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we still lack effective measures to modify disease progression in neurodegenerative diseases. Iron-containing proteins play an essential role in many fundamental biological processes in the central nervous system. In addition, iron is a redox-active ion and can induce oxidative stress in the cell. Although the causes and pathology hallmarks of different neurodegenerative diseases vary, iron dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury constitute a common pathway to cell death in several neurodegenerative diseases. MRI is capable of depicting iron content in the brain, and serves as a potential biomarker for early and differential diagnosis, tracking disease progression and evaluating the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy. Iron chelators have shown their efficacy against neurodegeneration in a series of animal models, and been applied in several clinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent developments on iron dyshomeostasis in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich ataxia, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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77
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Peters DG, Connor JR, Meadowcroft MD. The relationship between iron dyshomeostasis and amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: Two sides of the same coin. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:49-65. [PMID: 26303889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of iron metabolism in Alzheimer's disease is not accounted for in the current framework of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired iron homeostasis is an early event in Alzheimer's disease progression. Iron dyshomeostasis leads to a loss of function in several enzymes requiring iron as a cofactor, the formation of toxic oxidative species, and the elevated production of beta-amyloid proteins. Several common genetic polymorphisms that cause increased iron levels and dyshomeostasis have been associated with Alzheimer's disease but the pathoetiology is not well understood. A full picture is necessary to explain how heterogeneous circumstances lead to iron loading and amyloid deposition. There is evidence to support a causative interplay between the concerted loss of iron homeostasis and amyloid plaque formation. We hypothesize that iron misregulation and beta-amyloid plaque pathology are synergistic in the process of neurodegeneration and ultimately cause a downward cascade of events that spiral into the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we amalgamate recent findings of brain iron metabolism in healthy versus Alzheimer's disease brains and consider unique mechanisms of iron transport in different brain cells as well as how disturbances in iron regulation lead to disease etiology and propagate Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, The Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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78
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McCarthy RC, Kosman DJ. Mechanisms and regulation of iron trafficking across the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:31. [PMID: 26236187 PMCID: PMC4500905 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcellular trafficking of iron from the blood into the brain interstitium depends on iron uptake proteins in the apical membrane of brain microvascular capillary endothelial cells and efflux proteins at the basolateral, abluminal membrane. In this review, we discuss the three mechanisms by which these cells take-up iron from the blood and the sole mechanism by which they efflux this iron into the abluminal space. We then focus on the regulation of this efflux pathway by exocrine factors that are released from neighboring astrocytes. Also discussed are the cytokines secreted by capillary cells that regulate the expression of these glial cell signals. Among the interstitial factors that regulate iron efflux into the brain is the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). The role of this amyliodogenic species in brain iron metabolism is discussed. Last, we speculate on the potential relationship between iron transport at the blood-brain barrier and neurological disorders associated with iron mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
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79
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Ott S, Dziadulewicz N, Crowther DC. Iron is a specific cofactor for distinct oxidation- and aggregation-dependent Aβ toxicity mechanisms in a Drosophila model. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:657-67. [PMID: 26035384 PMCID: PMC4486857 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals, including iron, are present at high concentrations in amyloid plaques in individuals with Alzheimer's disease, where they are also thought to be cofactors in generating oxidative stress and modulating amyloid formation. In this study, we present data from several Drosophila models of neurodegenerative proteinopathies indicating that the interaction between iron and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is specific and is not seen for other aggregation-prone polypeptides. The interaction with iron is likely to be important in the dimerisation of Aβ and is mediated by three N-terminal histidines. Transgenic fly lines systematically expressing all combinations of His>Ala substitutions in Aβ were generated and used to study the pathological role of these residues. Developmental eye phenotypes, longevity and histological examinations indicate that the N-terminal histidines have distinct position-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The former mediate the toxic effects of metals and Aβ aggregation under non-oxidising conditions and the latter are relevant under oxidising conditions. Understanding how Aβ mediates neurotoxic effects in vivo will help to better target pathological pathways using aggregation blockers and metal-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ott
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nikolas Dziadulewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Damian C Crowther
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK MedImmune Limited, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
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80
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Zeineh MM, Chen Y, Kitzler HH, Hammond R, Vogel H, Rutt BK. Activated iron-containing microglia in the human hippocampus identified by magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2483-500. [PMID: 26190634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary pathology play important roles in Alzheimer disease (AD), our understanding of AD is incomplete, and the contribution of microglia and iron to neurodegeneration is unknown. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is exquisitely sensitive to microscopic iron. To explore iron-associated neuroinflammatory AD pathology, we studied AD and control human brain specimens by (1) performing ultra-high resolution ex vivo 7 Tesla MRI, (2) coregistering the MRI with successive histologic staining for iron, microglia, amyloid beta, and tau, and (3) quantifying the relationship between magnetic resonance signal intensity and histological staining. In AD, we identified numerous small MR hypointensities primarily within the subiculum that were best explained by the combination of microscopic iron and activated microglia (p = 0.025), in contradistinction to the relatively lesser contribution of tau or amyloid. Neuropathologically, this suggests that microglial-mediated neurodegeneration may occur in the hippocampal formation in AD and is detectable by ultra-high resolution MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hagen H Kitzler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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81
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Anti-acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Inhaled Juniper Oil on Amyloid Beta (1–42)-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:952-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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82
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Meadowcroft MD, Peters DG, Dewal R, Connor JR, Yang QX. The effect of iron in MRI and transverse relaxation of amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:297-305. [PMID: 25530083 PMCID: PMC4526111 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of neural iron is known to occur during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The visualization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques with MRI has largely been credited to rapid proton relaxation in the vicinity of plaques as a result of focal iron deposition. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between local relaxation and related focal iron content associated with Aβ plaques. Alzheimer's disease (n=5) and control tissue (n=3) sample slices from the entorhinal cortex were treated overnight with the iron chelator deferoxamine or saline, and microscopic gradient-echo MRI datasets were taken. Subsequent to imaging, the same slices were stained for Aβ and iron, and then compared with regard to parametric R2 * relaxation maps and gradient-echo-weighted MR images. Aβ plaques in both chelated and unchelated tissue generated MR hypo-intensities and showed relaxation rates significantly greater than the surrounding tissue. The transverse relaxation rate associated with amyloid plaques was determined not to be solely a result of iron load, as much of the relaxation associated with Aβ plaques remained following iron chelation. The data indicate a dual relaxation mechanism associated with Aβ plaques, such that iron and plaque composition synergistically produce transverse relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas G. Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Rahul Dewal
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing X. Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology (Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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83
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Iron transport across the blood-brain barrier: development, neurovascular regulation and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:709-27. [PMID: 25355056 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are two barriers for iron entry into the brain: (1) the brain-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and (2) the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we review the literature on developmental iron accumulation by the brain, focusing on the transport of iron through the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) of the BBB. We review the iron trafficking proteins which may be involved in the iron flux across BMVEC and discuss the plausible mechanisms of BMVEC iron uptake and efflux. We suggest a model for how BMVEC iron uptake and efflux are regulated and a mechanism by which the majority of iron is trafficked across the developing BBB under the direct guidance of neighboring astrocytes. Thus, we place brain iron uptake in the context of the neurovascular unit of the adult brain. Last, we propose that BMVEC iron is involved in the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides leading to the progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy which often occurs prior to dementia and the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
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84
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Kawahara M, Mizuno D. Crosstalk between metals and neurodegenerative diseases. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2014; 69:155-65. [PMID: 25253517 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.69.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese play essential roles in the maintenance of brain functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that dyshomeostasis of trace elements is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, vascular type of dementia, prion diseases, and dementia with Lewy bodies. These diseases share similarity in the formation of β-sheets containing amyloid fibrils from disease-associated proteins, including the β-amyloid protein (AβP), the prion protein, α-synuclein, and polyglutamine, and the introduction of apoptotic degeneration. Trace elements can bind to these proteins and cause their conformational changes. Furthermore, these proteins reportedly play crucial roles in the regulation of trace elements. Considering that these proteins colocalize in synapses, it is possible that the interactions between the disease-associated proteins and trace elements are based on the physiological roles of these proteins. We review here the current understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases based on metal binding to disease-associated proteins and on the disruption of metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
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85
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Oxidative Stress Gated by Fenton and Haber Weiss Reactions and Its Association With Alzheimer’s Disease. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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86
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Collingwood JF, Davidson MR. The role of iron in neurodegenerative disorders: insights and opportunities with synchrotron light. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:191. [PMID: 25191270 PMCID: PMC4137459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for iron dysregulation in many forms of disease, including a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. In order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiological role of iron, it is helpful to be able to determine in detail the distribution of iron as it relates to metabolites, proteins, cells, and tissues, the chemical state and local environment of iron, and its relationship with other metal elements. Synchrotron light sources, providing primarily X-ray beams accompanied by access to longer wavelengths such as infra-red, are an outstanding tool for multi-modal non-destructive analysis of iron in these systems. The micro- and nano-focused X-ray beams that are generated at synchrotron facilities enable measurement of iron and other transition metal elements to be performed with outstanding analytic sensitivity and specificity. Recent developments have increased the scope for methods such as X-ray fluorescence mapping to be used quantitatively rather than semi-quantitatively. Burgeoning interest, coupled with technical advances and beamline development at synchrotron facilities, has led to substantial improvements in resources and methodologies in the field over the past decade. In this paper we will consider how the field has evolved with regard to the study of iron in proteins, cells, and brain tissue, and identify challenges in sample preparation and analysis. Selected examples will be used to illustrate the contribution, and future potential, of synchrotron X-ray analysis for the characterization of iron in model systems exhibiting iron dysregulation, and for human cases of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine, School of Engineering, University of Warwick Coventry, UK ; Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark R Davidson
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA ; The Tech Toybox, Gainesville FL, USA
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