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Mammola S, Piano E, Malard F, Vernon P, Isaia M. Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
- LIBRe – Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Elena Piano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Florian Malard
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Vernon
- Univ Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, ECOBIO Station Biologique de Paimpont Paimpont France
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
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Bennett S, Duarte CM, Marbà N, Wernberg T. Integrating within-species variation in thermal physiology into climate change ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180550. [PMID: 31203756 PMCID: PMC6606463 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately forecasting the response of global biota to warming is a fundamental challenge for ecology in the Anthropocene. Within-species variation in thermal sensitivity, caused by phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation of thermal limits, is often overlooked in assessments of species responses to warming. Despite this, implicit assumptions of thermal niche conservatism or adaptation and plasticity at the species level permeate the literature with potentially important implications for predictions of warming impacts at the population level. Here we review how these attributes interact with the spatial and temporal context of ocean warming to influence the vulnerability of marine organisms. We identify a broad spectrum of thermal sensitivities among marine organisms, particularly in central and cool-edge populations of species distributions. These are characterized by generally low sensitivity in organisms with conserved thermal niches, to high sensitivity for organisms with locally adapted thermal niches. Important differences in thermal sensitivity among marine taxa suggest that warming could adversely affect benthic primary producers sooner than less vulnerable higher trophic groups. Embracing the spatial, temporal and biological context of within-species variation in thermal physiology helps explain observed impacts of ocean warming and can improve forecasts of climate change vulnerability in marine systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bennett
- 1 Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB) , Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles , Spain
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- 2 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Núria Marbà
- 1 Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB) , Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles , Spain
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- 3 School of Biological Sciences, UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia , Cnr Fairway and Service Road 4, Crawley, WA 6009 , Australia
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53
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Holan JR, King CK, Proctor AH, Davis AR. Increased sensitivity of subantarctic marine invertebrates to copper under a changing climate - Effects of salinity and temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:54-62. [PMID: 30878862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stressors associated with climate change and contaminants, resulting from the activities of humans, are affecting organisms and ecosystems globally. Previous studies suggest that the unique characteristics of polar biota, such as slower metabolisms and growth, and the generally stable conditions in their natural environment, cause higher susceptibility to contamination and climate change than those in temperate and tropical areas. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and decreased salinity on copper toxicity in four subantarctic marine invertebrates using realistic projected conditions under a future climatic change scenario for this region. We hypothesised that these relatively subtle shifts in environmental stressors would impact the sensitivity of cold-adapted species to copper. The four test species were: a copepod Harpacticus sp.; isopod Limnoria stephenseni; flatworm Obrimoposthia ohlini; and bivalve Gaimardia trapesina. These species occupy a range of ecological niches, spanning intertidal and subtidal nearshore zones. We predicted that species would differ in their tolerance to stressors, depending on where they occurred within this ecological gradient. Organisms were exposed to the multiple stressors in a factorial design in laboratory based toxicity tests. Sensitivity estimates for copper (LC50) were calculated using a novel statistical approach which directly assessed the impacts of the multiple stressors. In three of the four species tested, sensitivity to copper was amplified by small increases in temperature (2-4 °C). The effects of salinity were more variable but a decrease of as little as 2 ppt caused a significant effect in one species. This study provides some of the first evidence that high latitude species may be at increased risk from contaminants under projected future climate conditions. This interaction, between contaminants and the abiotic environment, highlights a potential pathway to biodiversity loss under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Holan
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | | | - Abigael H Proctor
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew R Davis
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia
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54
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Michel LN, Danis B, Dubois P, Eleaume M, Fournier J, Gallut C, Jane P, Lepoint G. Increased sea ice cover alters food web structure in East Antarctica. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8062. [PMID: 31147605 PMCID: PMC6542827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, sea ice cover along coasts of East Antarctica has tended to increase. To understand ecological implications of these environmental changes, we studied benthic food web structure on the coasts of Adélie Land during an event of unusually high sea ice cover (i.e. two successive austral summers without seasonal breakup). We used integrative trophic markers (stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur) to build ecological models and explored feeding habits of macroinvertebrates. In total, 28 taxa spanning most present animal groups and functional guilds were investigated. Our results indicate that the absence of seasonal sea ice breakup deeply influenced benthic food webs. Sympagic algae dominated the diet of many key consumers, and the trophic levels of invertebrates were low, suggesting omnivore consumers did not rely much on predation and/or scavenging. Our results provide insights about how Antarctic benthic consumers, which typically live in an extremely stable environment, might adapt their feeding habits in response to sudden changes in environmental conditions and trophic resource availability. They also show that local and/or global trends of sea ice increase in Antarctica have the potential to cause drastic changes in food web structure, and therefore to impact benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc N Michel
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium. .,Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Plouzané, France.
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Eleaume
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Fournier
- CNRS, UMR 7208 BOREA, Biological Marine Station, National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), Concarneau, France
| | - Cyril Gallut
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, EPHE, Station marine de Concarneau, Concarneau, France
| | | | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
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55
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Shishido CM, Woods HA, Lane SJ, Toh MWA, Tobalske BW, Moran AL. Polar gigantism and the oxygen-temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190124. [PMID: 30966982 PMCID: PMC6501676 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme and constant cold of the Southern Ocean has led to many unusual features of the Antarctic fauna. One of these, polar gigantism, is thought to have arisen from a combination of cold-driven low metabolic rates and high oxygen availability in the polar oceans (the 'oxygen-temperature hypothesis'). If the oxygen-temperature hypothesis indeed underlies polar gigantism, then polar giants may be particularly susceptible to warming temperatures. We tested the effects of temperature on performance using two genera of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Pycnogonida), Colossendeis and Ammothea, across a range of body sizes. We tested performance at four temperatures spanning ambient (-1.8°C) to 9°C. Individuals from both genera were highly sensitive to elevated temperature, but we found no evidence that large-bodied pycnogonids were more affected by elevated temperatures than small individuals; thus, these results do not support the predictions of the oxygen-temperature hypothesis. When we compared two species, Colossendeis megalonyx and Ammothea glacialis, C. megalonyx maintained performance at considerably higher temperatures. Analysis of the cuticle showed that as body size increases, porosity increases as well, especially in C. megalonyx, which may compensate for the increasing metabolic demand and longer diffusion distances of larger animals by facilitating diffusive oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Shishido
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - H. Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Steven J. Lane
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Ming Wei A. Toh
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Bret W. Tobalske
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Amy L. Moran
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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56
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Moro G, Buonocore F, Barucca M, Spazzali F, Canapa A, Pallavicini A, Scapigliati G, Gerdol M. The first transcriptomic resource for the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki. Mar Genomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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57
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Szczybelski AS, Diepens NJ, van den Heuvel‐Greve MJ, van den Brink NW, Koelmans AA. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by arctic and temperate benthic species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:883-895. [PMID: 30657214 PMCID: PMC6850439 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing oil and gas activities may substantially increase chemical stress to benthic ecosystems in the Arctic, and it is necessary to evaluate such environmental risks in these systems. Risk assessment procedures for oil-related compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) should address differences in exposure between Arctic and temperate benthos. We compare for the first time the bioaccumulation of PAHs by Arctic benthic invertebrate species with that of temperate species, based on their biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). Measured PAH BSAFs were generally higher in temperate bivalves (Limecola balthica) than in Arctic bivalves (Macoma calcarea), whereas BSAFs in Arctic polychaetes (Nephtys ciliata) were higher than in temperate polychaetes (Alitta virens). Differences in measured BSAFs were explained by species-specific feeding modes and traits. However, modeled BSAFs revealed that steady state was not likely to be reached in the 28-d tests for all PAHs and organisms. Due to the low numbers of individuals, most species-specific parameters were too uncertain to reveal differences between Arctic and temperate species. The results of the present study suggest that data from temperate species could be used as a surrogate for Arctic species in risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:883-895. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna S. Szczybelski
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Animal EcologyWageningen Environmental Research (Alterra)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Noël J. Diepens
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nico W. van den Brink
- Subdepartment of ToxicologyDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert A. Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Wageningen Marine ResearchYersekeThe Netherlands
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58
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Teske PR, Sandoval-Castillo J, Golla TR, Emami-Khoyi A, Tine M, von der Heyden S, Beheregaray LB. Thermal selection as a driver of marine ecological speciation. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182023. [PMID: 30963923 PMCID: PMC6408613 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic structure in widely distributed marine species often mirrors the boundaries between temperature-defined bioregions. This suggests that the same thermal gradients that maintain distinct species assemblages also drive the evolution of new biodiversity. Ecological speciation scenarios are often invoked to explain such patterns, but the fact that adaptation is usually only identified when phylogenetic splits are already evident makes it impossible to rule out the alternative scenario of allopatric speciation with subsequent adaptation. We integrated large-scale genomic and environmental datasets along one of the world's best-defined marine thermal gradients (the South African coastline) to test the hypothesis that incipient ecological speciation is a result of divergence linked to the thermal environment. We identified temperature-associated gene regions in a coastal fish species that is spatially homogeneous throughout several temperature-defined biogeographic regions based on selectively neutral markers. Based on these gene regions, the species is divided into geographically distinct regional populations. Importantly, the ranges of these populations are delimited by the same ecological boundaries that define distinct infraspecific genetic lineages in co-distributed marine species, and biogeographic disjunctions in species assemblages. Our results indicate that temperature-mediated selection represents an early stage of marine ecological speciation in coastal regions that lack physical dispersal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo
- Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Tirupathi Rao Golla
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Arsalan Emami-Khoyi
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Mbaye Tine
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Luciano B. Beheregaray
- Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
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59
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Biederman AM, Kuhn DE, O'Brien KM, Crockett EL. Physical, chemical, and functional properties of neuronal membranes vary between species of Antarctic notothenioids differing in thermal tolerance. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:213-222. [PMID: 30739144 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of neuronal function is likely to influence limits to thermal tolerance. We hypothesized that with acute warming the structure and function of neuronal membranes in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Chaenocephalus aceratus are more vulnerable to perturbation than membranes in the more thermotolerant notothenioid Notothenia coriiceps. Fluidity was quantified in synaptic membranes, mitochondrial membranes, and myelin from brains of both species of Antarctic fishes. Polar lipid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed in myelin; cholesterol was measured in synaptic membranes. Thermal profiles were determined for activities of two membrane-associated proteins, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), from brains of animals maintained at ambient temperature or exposed to their critical thermal maxima (CTMAX). Synaptic membranes of C. aceratus were consistently more fluid than those of N. coriiceps (P < 0.0001). Although the fluidities of both myelin and mitochondrial membranes were similar among species, sensitivity of myelin fluidity to in vitro warming was greater in N. coriiceps than in C. aceratus (P < 0.001), which can be explained by lower cholesterol contents in myelin of N. coriiceps (P < 0.05). Activities of both enzymes, AChE and NKA, declined upon CTMAX exposure in C. aceratus, but not in N. coriiceps. We suggest that hyper-fluidization of synaptic membranes with warming in C. aceratus may explain the greater stenothermy in this species, and that thermal limits in notothenioids are more likely to be influenced by perturbations in synaptic membranes than in other membranes of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Biederman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Donald E Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Kristin M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
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60
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Lu DL, Ma Q, Wang J, Li LY, Han SL, Limbu SM, Li DL, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Fasting enhances cold resistance in fish through stimulating lipid catabolism and autophagy. J Physiol 2019; 597:1585-1603. [PMID: 30615194 DOI: 10.1113/jp277091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In a cold environment, mammals increase their food intake while fish decrease or stop feeding. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in fish is currently unknown. Fasting for more than 48 h enhanced acute cold resistance in zebrafish, which correlated with lipid catabolism and cell damage attenuation. Lipid catabolism and autophagy were necessary for cold resistance in fish and the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation or autophagy weakened the fasting-induced cold resistance. Repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway by rapamycin largely mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance, suggesting mTOR signalling may be involved in the fasting-induced cold resistance in fish. Our study demonstrates that fasting may be a protective strategy for fish to survive under cold stress. ABSTRACT In cold environments, most homeothermic animals increase their food intake to supply more energy to maintain body temperature, whereas most poikilothermic animals such as fishes decrease or even stop feeding under cold stress. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in poikilotherms has not been explained. Here, we show that moderate fasting largely enhanced cold resistance in fish. By using pharmacological (fenofibrate, mildronate, chloroquine and rapamycin) and nutritional approaches (fatty acids diets and amino acids diets) in wild-type or specific gene knock-out zebrafish models (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b-deficient strain, CPT1b-/- , or autophagy-related protein 12-deficient strain, ATG12-/- ), we verified that fasting-stimulated lipid catabolism and autophagy played essential roles in the improved cold resistance. Moreover, suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by using rapamycin mostly mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance as either the physiological phenotype or transcriptomic pattern. However, these beneficial effects were largely reduced when the mTOR pathway was activated through high dietary leucine supplementation. We conclude that fasting helps fish to resist cold stress by modulating lipid catabolism and autophagy, which correlates with the mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, fasting can act as a protective strategy of fish in resisting coldness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Lu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Si-Lan Han
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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61
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Craig CA, Maikoetter JD, Bonner TH. Temperature-mediated feeding between spring-associated and riverine-associated congeners, with implications for community segregation. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6144. [PMID: 30631643 PMCID: PMC6322479 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fish communities segregate along water temperature gradients attributed in part to temperature-mediated physiological processes that affect species fitness. In spring complexes of southwest USA, spring complexes with narrow range of water temperatures are dominated by a community of fishes (i.e., spring-associated fishes), whereas riverine habitats with wide-range of water temperatures are dominated by a different community of fishes (i.e., riverine-associated fishes). The purpose of this study was to test a prediction of the concept that temperature-mediated species performance is a mechanism in maintaining community segregation. We predicted that a spring-associated fish (Largespring Gambusia Gambusia geiseri) would feed first and more often in a pairing with a riverine-associated fish (Western Mosquitofish G. affinis) at an average spring temperature (23 °C) and that the riverine-associated fish would feed first and more often in a pairing with the spring-associated fish at a warm riverine temperature (30 °C). Among four trails consisting of 30 pairings, at the spring complex temperature (23 °C), Largespring Gambusia had a greater number of first feeds (mean ± 1 SD, 5.0 ± 0.82) than Western Mosquitofish (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (1.9 ± 0.31) than Western Mosquitofish (0.81 ± 0.70). At the riverine environment temperature (30 °C), Western Mosquitofish had a greater number of first feeds (5.25 ± 1.71) than Largespring Gambusia (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (2.78 ± 1.05) than Largespring Gambusia (0.94 ± 0.68). Our findings suggest that temperature-mediated species performance could be maintaining segregation between the two fish communities. This study benefits our understanding of distributional patterns and improves threat assessments of stenothermal aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Craig
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Station, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy D Maikoetter
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Station, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Timothy H Bonner
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Station, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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62
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Berthelot C, Clarke J, Desvignes T, William Detrich H, Flicek P, Peck LS, Peters M, Postlethwait JH, Clark MS. Adaptation of Proteins to the Cold in Antarctic Fish: A Role for Methionine? Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:220-231. [PMID: 30496401 PMCID: PMC6336007 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins has enabled notothenioid fish to flourish in the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean. Whereas successful at the biodiversity level to life in the cold, paradoxically at the cellular level these stenothermal animals have problems producing, folding, and degrading proteins at their ambient temperatures of -1.86 °C. In this first multi-species transcriptome comparison of the amino acid composition of notothenioid proteins with temperate teleost proteins, we show that, unlike psychrophilic bacteria, Antarctic fish provide little evidence for the mass alteration of protein amino acid composition to enhance protein folding and reduce protein denaturation in the cold. The exception was the significant overrepresentation of positions where leucine in temperate fish proteins was replaced by methionine in the notothenioid orthologues. We hypothesize that these extra methionines have been preferentially assimilated into the genome to act as redox sensors in the highly oxygenated waters of the Southern Ocean. This redox hypothesis is supported by analyses of notothenioids showing enrichment of genes associated with responses to environmental stress, particularly reactive oxygen species. So overall, although notothenioid fish show cold-associated problems with protein homeostasis, they may have modified only a selected number of biochemical pathways to work efficiently below 0 °C. Even a slight warming of the Southern Ocean might disrupt the critical functions of this handful of key pathways with considerable impacts for the functioning of this ecosystem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Berthelot
- Laboratoire Dynamique et Organisation des Génomes (Dyogen), Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure – UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, Paris Cedex 05, France
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Peters
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University
| | | | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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63
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Danis B, David B, Saucède T. Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean? DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Fabri-Ruiz
- Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Dijon France
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Bruno David
- Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Dijon France
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Paris France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Dijon France
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The reproductive ecology of the Antarctic bivalve Aequiyoldia eightsii (Protobranchia: Sareptidae) follows neither Antarctic nor taxonomic patterns. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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65
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Santagata S, Ade V, Mahon AR, Wisocki PA, Halanych KM. Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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66
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Wermter FC, Maus B, Pörtner HO, Dreher W, Bock C. CO 2 induced pH i changes in the brain of polar fish: a TauCEST application. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3955. [PMID: 29932479 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) from taurine to water (TauCEST) can be used for in vivo mapping of taurine concentrations as well as for measurements of relative changes in intracellular pH (pHi ) at temperatures below 37°C. Therefore, TauCEST offers the opportunity to investigate acid-base regulation and neurological disturbances of ectothermic animals living at low temperatures, and in particular to study the impact of ocean acidification (OA) on neurophysiological changes of fish. Here, we report the first in vivo application of TauCEST imaging. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the TauCEST effect in a broad range of temperatures (1-37°C) and pH (5.5-8.0), motivated by the high taurine concentration measured in the brains of polar fish. The in vitro data show that the TauCEST effect is especially detectable in the low temperature range and strictly monotonic for the relevant pH range (6.8-7.5). To investigate the specificity of TauCEST imaging for the brain of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) at 1.5°C simulations were carried out, indicating a taurine contribution of about 65% to the in vivo expected CEST effect, if experimental parameters are optimized. B. saida was acutely exposed to three different CO2 concentrations in the sea water (control normocapnia; comparatively moderate hypercapnia OAm = 3300 μatm; high hypercapnia OAh = 4900 μatm). TauCEST imaging of the brain showed a significant increase in the TauCEST effect under the different CO2 concentrations of about 1.5-3% in comparison with control measurements, indicative of changes in pHi or metabolite concentration. Consecutive recordings of 1 H MR spectra gave no support for a concentration induced change of the in vivo observed TauCEST effect. Thus, the in vivo application of TauCEST offers the possibility of mapping relative changes in pHi in the brain of polar cod during exposure to CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Felizitas C Wermter
- University of Bremen, Department of Chemistry, in-vivo-MR Group, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bastian Maus
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-O Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dreher
- University of Bremen, Department of Chemistry, in-vivo-MR Group, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
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67
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Truzzi C, Illuminati S, Antonucci M, Scarponi G, Annibaldi A. Heat shock influences the fatty acid composition of the muscle of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:122-128. [PMID: 29776593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Ross Sea region (average temperature of -1.87 °C), shelf water warming up to +0.8-+1.4 °C is predicted by 2200, so there is an urgent need to understand how organisms can respond to rising temperatures. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a heat shock on the fatty acid (FAs) composition of muscle of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), and held in fish tanks at 0, +1 or +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, heat shock produced, beyond a reduction in total lipid content correlated to the temperature, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, and a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs; however, the level of poly-unsaturated FAs did not seem to directly correlate with temperature. Principal component analysis indicated that both temperature and exposure time affect the composition of FAs in the muscle probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. In this study, we demonstrated that T. bernacchii was capable to rapidly acclimatize to a heat shock. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on the effect of temperature on the lipid composition of T. bernacchii and is complementary to previous studies on the gene expression and biochemistry of this species face multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Truzzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Illuminati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Antonucci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Scarponi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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68
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Rebl A, Verleih M, Nipkow M, Altmann S, Bochert R, Goldammer T. Gradual and Acute Temperature Rise Induces Crossing Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immunological Pathways in Maraena Whitefish ( Coregonus maraena). Front Genet 2018; 9:241. [PMID: 30073015 PMCID: PMC6060367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and still poorly understood nature of thermoregulation in various fish species complicates the determination of the physiological status on the basis of diagnostic marker genes and indicative molecular pathways. The present study aimed to compare the physiological impacts of both gradual and acute temperature rise from 18 to 24°C on maraena whitefish in aquaculture. Microarray-based transcriptome profiles in the liver, spleen and kidney of heat-stressed maraena whitefish revealed the modulation of a significantly higher number of genes in those groups exposed to gradually rising temperatures compared with the acutely stressed groups, which might reflect early adaptation mechanisms. Moreover, we suggest a common set of 11 differentially expressed genes that indicate thermal stress induced by gradual or acute temperature rise in the three selected tissues. Besides the two pathways regulated in both data sets unfolded protein response and aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells, we identified unique tissue- and stress type-specific pathways reflecting the crossroads between signal transduction, metabolic and immunologic pathways to cope with thermal stress. In addition, comparing lists of differentially regulated genes with meta-analyzed published data sets revealed that “acute temperature rise”-responding genes that encode members of the HSP70, HSP90, and HSP40 families; their functional homologs; co-chaperones and stress-signal transducers are well-conserved across different species, tissues and/or cell types and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altmann
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Born, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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69
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Braga AC, Camacho C, Marques A, Gago-Martínez A, Pacheco M, Costa PR. Combined effects of warming and acidification on accumulation and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:647-654. [PMID: 29631223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HAB) have been increasing in frequency and intensity most likely due to changes on global conditions, which constitute a significant threat to wild shellfish and its commercial farming. This study evaluated the impact of increasing seawater temperature and acidification on the accumulation/elimination dynamics of HAB-toxins in shellfish. Mytilus galloprovincialis were acclimated to four environmental conditions simulating different climate change scenarios: i) current conditions, ii) warming, iii) acidification and iv) interaction of warming with acidification. Once acclimated, mussels were exposed to the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum for 5 days and to non-toxic diet during the subsequent 10 days. High toxicity levels (1493 µg STX eq. kg-1) exceeding the safety limits were determined under current conditions at the end of the uptake period. Significantly lower PSP toxicity levels were registered for warming- and acidification-acclimated mussels (661 and 761 µg STX eq. kg-1). The combined effect of both warming and acidification resulted in PSP toxicity values slightly higher (856 μg STX eq. kg-1). A rapid decrease of toxicity was observed in mussels at the current conditions after shifting to a non-toxic diet, which was not noticed under the predicted climate change scenarios. Variability of each PST analogue, measured throughout the experiment, highlighted different mechanisms are associated with changes of each environmental factor, although both resulting in lower toxicity. Warming-acclimated mussels showed lower accumulation/elimination rates, while acidification-acclimated mussels showed higher capability to accumulate toxins, but also a higher elimination rate preventing high toxicity levels. As different mechanisms are triggered by warming and acidification, their combined effect not leads to a synergism of their individual effects. The present work is the first assessing the combined effect of climate change drivers on accumulation/elimination of PSTs, in mussels, indicating that warming and acidification may lead to lower toxicity values but longer toxic episodes. PSTs are responsible for the food poisoning syndrome, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. This study can be considered as the first step to build models for predicting shellfish toxicity under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Braga
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gago-Martínez
- Universidad de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Costa
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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70
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Malekar VC, Morton JD, Hider RN, Cruickshank RH, Hodge S, Metcalf VJ. Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4765. [PMID: 29796342 PMCID: PMC5961637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) is a key cellular response by which fish protect their membranes against thermal stress. We investigated evolutionary HVA (long time scale) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic fish. Membrane lipid composition was determined for four Perciformes fish: two closely related Antarctic notothenioid species (Trematomus bernacchii and Pagothenia borchgrevinki); a diversified related notothenioid Antarctic icefish (Chionodraco hamatus); and a New Zealand species (Notolabrus celidotus). The membrane lipid compositions were consistent across the three Antarctic species and these were significantly different from that of the New Zealand species. Furthermore, acclimatory HVA (short time periods with seasonal changes) was investigated to determine whether stenothermal Antarctic fish, which evolved in the cold, stable environment of the Southern Ocean, have lost the acclimatory capacity to modulate their membrane saturation states, making them vulnerable to anthropogenic global warming. We compared liver membrane lipid composition in two closely related Antarctic fish species acclimated at 0 °C (control temperature), 4 °C for a period of 14 days in T. bernacchii and 28 days for P. borchgrevinki, and 6 °C for 7 days in both species. Thermal acclimation at 4 °C did not result in changed membrane saturation states in either Antarctic species. Despite this, membrane functions were not compromised, as indicated by declining serum osmolality, implying positive compensation by enhanced hypo-osmoregulation. Increasing the temperature to 6 °C did not change the membrane lipids of P. borchgrevinki. However, in T. bernacchii, thermal acclimation at 6 °C resulted in an increase of membrane saturated fatty acids and a decline in unsaturated fatty acids. This is the first study to show a homeoviscous response to higher temperatures in an Antarctic fish, although for only one of the two species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita C Malekar
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard N Hider
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert H Cruickshank
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Victoria J Metcalf
- Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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71
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Low JS, Chew LL, Ng CC, Goh HC, Lehette P, Chong VC. Heat shock response and metabolic stress in the tropical estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei converge at its upper thermal optimum. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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72
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de Beeck LO, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Strong differences between two congeneric species in sensitivity to pesticides in a warming world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:60-69. [PMID: 29126027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To predict the impact of pesticides in a warming world we need to know how species differ in the interaction pathways between pesticides and warming. Trait-based approaches have been successful in identifying the 'pace of life' and body size as predictors of sensitivity to pesticides among distantly related species. However, it remains to be tested whether these traits allow predicting differences in sensitivity to pesticides between closely related species, and in the strength of the interaction pathways between pesticides and warming. We tested the effects of multiple pulses of chlorpyrifos (allowing accumulation) under warming on key life history traits, heat tolerance (CTmax) and physiology of two congeneric damselfly species: the fast-paced (fast growth and development, high metabolic rate), small Ischnura pumilio and the slow-paced, large I. elegans. Chlorpyrifos reduced survival and growth, but contrary to current trait-based predictions I. pumilio was 8× less sensitive than I. elegans. The lower sensitivity of I. pumilio could be explained by a higher fat content, and higher activities of acetylcholinesterase and of detoxifying and anti-oxidant enzymes. While for I. pumilio the effect of chlorpyrifos was small and did not depend on temperature, for I. elegans the impact was higher at 20°C compared to 24°C. This matches the higher pesticide accumulation in the water after multiple pulses at 20°C than at 24°C. The expected reduction in heat tolerance after pesticide exposure was present in I. elegans but not in I. pumilio. Our results demonstrate that closely related species can have very different sensitivities to a pesticide resulting in species-specific support for the "toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity" and the "climate-induced toxicant sensitivity" interaction pathways. Our results highlight that trait-based approaches can be strengthened by integrating physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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73
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Chang CH, Huang JJ, Yeh CY, Tang CH, Hwang LY, Lee TH. Salinity Effects on Strategies of Glycogen Utilization in Livers of Euryhaline Milkfish ( Chanos chanos) under Hypothermal Stress. Front Physiol 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29483878 PMCID: PMC5816346 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluctuation of temperature affects many physiological responses in ectothermic organisms, including feed intake, growth, reproduction, and behavior. Changes in environmental temperatures affect the acquisition of energy, whereas hepatic glycogen plays a central role in energy supply for the homeostasis of the entire body. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis, is also an indicator of environmental stress. Here, we examined the effects of salinity on glycogen metabolism in milkfish livers under cold stress. A reduction of feed intake was observed in both freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) milkfish under cold adaptation. At normal temperature (28°C), compared to the FW milkfish, the SW milkfish exhibited greater mRNA abundance of the liver isoform of GP (Ccpygl), higher GP activity, and less glycogen content in the livers. Upon hypothermal (18°C) stress, hepatic Ccpygl mRNA expression of FW milkfish surged at 3 h, declined at 6 and 12 h, increased again at 24 h, and increased significantly after 96 h. Increases in GP protein, GP activity, and the phosphorylation state and the breakdown of glycogen were also found in FW milkfish livers after 12 h of exposure at 18°C. Conversely, the Ccpygl transcript levels in SW milkfish were downregulated after 1 h of exposure at 18°C, whereas the protein abundance of GP, GP activity, and glycogen content were not significantly altered. Taken together, under 18°C cold stress, FW milkfish exhibited an acute response with the breakdown of hepatic glycogen for maintaining energy homeostasis of the entire body, whereas no change was observed in the hepatic glycogen content and GP activity of SW milkfish because of their greater tolerance to cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Yueh Hwang
- Mariculture Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Yulin, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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74
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Cárdenas CA, González-Aravena M, Santibañez PA. The importance of local settings: within-year variability in seawater temperature at South Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4289. [PMID: 29372123 PMCID: PMC5776021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has undergone significant changes in air and seawater temperatures during the last 50 years. Although highly stenotherm Antarctic organisms are expected to be severely affected by the increase of seawater temperature, high-resolution datasets of seawater temperature within coastal areas of the WAP (where diverse marine communities have been reported) are not commonly available. Here we report on within-year (2016–2017) variation in seawater temperature at three sites on Doumer Island, Palmer Archipelago, WAP. Within a year, Antarctic organisms in South Bay were exposed to water temperatures in excess of 2 °C for more than 25 days and 2.5 °C for more than 10 days. We recorded a temperature range between −1.7° to 3.0 °C. Warming of seawater temperature was 3.75 times faster after October 2016 than it was before October. Results from this study indicate that organisms at South Bay are already exposed to temperatures that are being used in experimental studies to evaluate physiological responses to thermal stress in WAP organisms. Continuous measurements of short to long-term variability in seawater temperature provides important information for parametrizing meaningful experimental treatments that aim to assess the local effects of environmental variation on Antarctic organisms under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
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75
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Rebelein A, Pörtner HO, Bock C. Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals distinct patterns of thermal sensitivity in two related notothenioids. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 217:43-54. [PMID: 29288768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic marine ectothermal animals may be affected more than temperate species by rising temperatures due to ongoing climate change. Their specialisation on stable cold temperatures makes them vulnerable to even small degrees of warming. Thus, addressing the impacts of warming on Antarctic organisms and identifying their potentially limited capacities to respond is of interest. The objective of the study was to determine changes in metabolite profiles related to temperature acclimation. In a long-term experiment adult fish of two Antarctic sister species Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps were acclimated to 0°C and 5°C for three months. Impacts and indicators of acclimation at the cellular level were determined from metabolite profiles quantified in gill tissue extracts using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the metabolite profiles of the two con-generic species were compared. NMR spectroscopy identified 37 metabolites that were present in each sample, but varied in their absolute concentration between species and between treatments. A decrease in amino acid levels indicated an increased amino acid catabolism after incubation to 5°C. In addition, long term warming initiated shifts in organic osmolyte concentrations and modified membrane structure observed by altered levels of phospholipid compounds. Differences in the metabolite profile between the two notothenioid species can be related to their divergent lifestyles, especially their different rates of motor activity. Increased levels of the Krebs cycle intermediate succinate and a higher reduction of amino acid concentrations in warm-acclimated N. rossii showed that N. rossii is more affected by warming than N. coriiceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rebelein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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76
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Freitas R, Coppola F, Henriques B, Wrona F, Figueira E, Pereira E, Soares AMVM. Does pre-exposure to warming conditions increase Mytilus galloprovincialis tolerance to Hg contamination? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 203:1-11. [PMID: 28965928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The degree to which marine invertebrate populations can tolerate extreme weather events, such as short-term exposure to high temperatures, and the underlying biochemical response mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, scarce information is available on how marine organisms respond to the presence of pollutants after exposure to heat stress conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand how the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis responds to Hg pollution after pre-exposure to warming conditions. Mussels were exposed to control (17°C) and warming (21°C) conditions during 14days, followed by Hg contamination during 28days under different temperature regimes (17 and 21°C). The results obtained demonstrated significantly higher Hg concentrations in mussels under 17°C during the entire experiment than in organisms exposed to 21°C during the same period, which resulted in higher oxidative stress in mussels under control temperature. Significantly higher Hg concentrations were also observed in mussels pre-exposed to 21°C followed by a 17°C exposure comparing with organisms maintained the entire experiment at 21°C. These results may be explained by higher metabolic capacity in organisms exposed to 17°C after pre-exposure to 21°C that although induced antioxidant defences were not enough to prevent oxidative stress. No significant differences in terms of Hg concentration were found between mussels exposed to 17°C during the entire experiment and organisms pre-exposed to 21°C followed by a 17°C exposure, leading to similar oxidative stress levels in mussels exposed to both conditions. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that pre-exposure to warming conditions did not change mussels' accumulation and tolerance to Hg in comparison to Hg contaminated mussels maintained at control temperature. Furthermore, the present study indicate that organisms maintained under warming conditions for long periods may prevent the accumulation of pollutants by decreasing their metabolism which will limit cellular injuries. CAPSULE Mussels under warming conditions presented reduced metabolic capacity, resulting in lower Hg accumulation, which in turn prevented higher damages and, consequently, physiological impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fredrick Wrona
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, National Water Research Institute, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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77
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Coppola F, Almeida Â, Henriques B, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Pereira E, Freitas R. Biochemical impacts of Hg in Mytilus galloprovincialis under present and predicted warming scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1129-1138. [PMID: 28599369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the consequences of climate change on the physiological and biochemical functioning of marine organisms is increasing, but the indirect and interactive effects resulting from warming on bioconcentration and responsiveness to pollutants are still poorly explored, particularly in terms of cellular responses. The present study investigated the impacts of Hg in Mytilus galloprovincialis under control (17°C) and warming (21°C) conditions, assessing mussels Hg bioconcentration capacity, metabolic and oxidative status after 14 and 28days of exposure. Results obtained showed greater impacts in mussels exposed for 28days in comparison to 14days of exposure. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the increase in temperature from 17 to 21°C reduced the bioconcentration of Hg by M. galloprovincialis, which may explain higher mortality rates at 17°C in comparison to 21°C. Lower Hg concentration at 21°C in mussels tissue may result from valves closure for longer periods, identified by reduced energy reserves consumption at higher temperature, which in turn might also contributed to higher oxidative stress in organisms exposed to this condition. The highest LPO levels observed in mussels exposed to higher temperatures alone indicate that warming conditions will greatly affect M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, the present study showed that the impacts induced by the combination of Hg and warming were similar to the ones caused by increased temperature acting alone, mainly due to increased antioxidant defenses in organisms under combined effects of Hg and warming, suggesting that warming was the factor that mostly contributed to oxidative stress in mussels. Although higher mortality was observed in individuals exposed to 17°C and Hg compared to organisms exposed to Hg at 21°C, the oxidative stress induced at higher temperature may generate negative consequences on mussels reproductive and feeding capacity, growth and, consequently, on population maintenance and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppola
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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78
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WITHDRAWN: Heat shock response and metabolic stress in the tropical estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei converge at its upper thermal optimum. J Therm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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79
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Hoshijima U, Wong JM, Hofmann GE. Additive effects of pCO 2 and temperature on respiration rates of the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox064. [PMID: 29218223 PMCID: PMC5710650 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, is a dominant member of the zooplankton in the Ross Sea and supports the vast diversity of marine megafauna that designates this region as an internationally protected area. Here, we observed the response of respiration rate to abiotic stressors associated with global change-environmentally relevant temperature treatments (-0.8°C, 4°C) and pH treatments reflecting current-day and future modeled extremes (8.2, 7.95 and 7.7 pH at -0.8°C; 8.11, 7.95 and 7.7 pH at 4°C). Sampling repeatedly over a 14-day period in laboratory experiments and using microplate respirometry techniques, we found that the metabolic rate of juvenile pteropods increased in response to low-pH exposure (pH 7.7) at -0.8°C, a near-ambient temperature. Similarly, metabolic rate increased when pteropods were exposed simultaneously to multiple stressors: lowered pH conditions (pH 7.7) and a high temperature (4°C). Overall, the results showed that pCO2 and temperature interact additively to affect metabolic rates in pteropods. Furthermore, we found that L. h. antarctica can tolerate acute exposure to temperatures far beyond its maximal habitat temperature. Overall, L. h. antarctica appears to be susceptible to pH and temperature stress, two abiotic stressors which are expected to be especially deleterious for ectothermic marine metazoans in polar seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umihiko Hoshijima
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620,USA
| | - Juliet M Wong
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620,USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620,USA
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80
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Kake-Guena S, Touisse K, Warren B, Scott K, Dufresne F, Blier P, Lemieux H. Temperature-related differences in mitochondrial function among clones of the cladoceran Daphnia pulex. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Toullec JY, Corre E, Mandon P, Gonzalez-Aravena M, Ollivaux C, Lee CY. Characterization of the neuropeptidome of a Southern Ocean decapod, the Antarctic shrimp Chorismus antarcticus: Focusing on a new decapod ITP-like peptide belonging to the CHH peptide family. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:60-78. [PMID: 28728885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As part of the study of the resilience of Antarctic crustaceans to global warming, the shrimp Chorismus antarcticus was subjected to an analysis of global approach using the Next Generation Sequencing Illumina Hi-Seq platform. With this data a detailed study into the principal neuropeptides and neurohormones of this species have been undertaken. Total RNAs from whole animals were enriched with eyestalk extracts to ensure maximum sequencing depth of the different neurohormones and neuropeptides mainly expressed into the X organ-sinus gland complex, which is a major endocrine organ of their synthesis. Apart from the information that can provide the availability of the transcriptome of a polar crustacean, the study of neuropeptides of a caridean shrimp will partially fill the limited data available for this taxon. Illumina sequencing was used to produce a transcriptome of the polar shrimp. Analysis of the Trinity assembled contigs produced 55 pre-pro-peptides, coding for 111 neuropeptides belonging to the following families: adipokinetic-corazonin-like peptide, Allatostatins (A, B et C), Bursicon (α), CCHamide, Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH), Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (CCAP), Corazonin, Crustacean Female Sex Hormone (CSFH), Diuretic Hormones 31 and 45 (DH), Eclosion Hormone (EH), FLRFamide, GSEFLamide, Intocin, Ion Transport Peptide-like (ITP-like), Leucokinin, Molt-inhibiting Hormone, Myosuppresin, Neuroparsin, Neuropeptide F (NPF), Orcokinin, Orcomyotropin, Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH), Pyrokinin, Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH), SIFamide, small Neuropeptide F (sNPF), Sulfakinin and finally Tachykinin Related peptides. Among the new peptides highlighted in this study, the focus was placed on the peptides of the CHH family and more particularly on a new ITP-like in order to confirm its belonging to a new group of peptides of the family. A phylogeny made from more than 200 sequences of peptides, included new sequences from new species besides Chorismus antarcticus, confirms the peculiarity of this new set of peptides gathered under the name ITP-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Toullec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7144 CNRS, Equipe ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France.
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, FR 2424 CNRS, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Perrine Mandon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7144 CNRS, Equipe ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC-Paris 06, EPHE), 57 rue Cuvier, CP26, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcelo Gonzalez-Aravena
- Laboratorio de Biorecursos Antárticos, Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Céline Ollivaux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 CNRS, Equipe PCE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
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82
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Ashton GV, Morley SA, Barnes DKA, Clark MS, Peck LS. Warming by 1°C Drives Species and Assemblage Level Responses in Antarctica's Marine Shallows. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2698-2705.e3. [PMID: 28867203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Forecasting assemblage-level responses to climate change remains one of the greatest challenges in global ecology [1, 2]. Data from the marine realm are limited because they largely come from experiments using limited numbers of species [3], mesocosms whose interior conditions are unnatural [4], and long-term correlation studies based on historical collections [5]. We describe the first ever experiment to warm benthic assemblages to ecologically relevant levels in situ. Heated settlement panels were used to create three test conditions: ambient and 1°C and 2°C above ambient (predicted in the next 50 and 100 years, respectively [6]). We observed massive impacts on a marine assemblage, with near doubling of growth rates of Antarctic seabed life. Growth increases far exceed those expected from biological temperature relationships established more than 100 years ago by Arrhenius. These increases in growth resulted in a single "r-strategist" pioneer species (the bryozoan Fenestrulina rugula) dominating seabed spatial cover and drove a reduction in overall diversity and evenness. In contrast, a 2°C rise produced divergent responses across species growth, resulting in higher variability in the assemblage. These data extend our ability to expand, integrate, and apply our knowledge of the impact of temperature on biological processes to predict organism, species, and ecosystem level ecological responses to regional warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail V Ashton
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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83
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Le François NR, Sheehan E, Desvignes T, Belzile C, Postlethwait JH, Detrich HW. Characterization and husbandry of wild broodstock of the blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg 1906) from the Palmer Archipelago (Southern Ocean) for breeding purposes. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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84
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Comparison of whole animal costs of protein synthesis among polar and temperate populations of the same species of gammarid amphipod. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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85
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Op de Beeck L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Integrating both interaction pathways between warming and pesticide exposure on upper thermal tolerance in high- and low-latitude populations of an aquatic insect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:714-721. [PMID: 28040340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and chemical pollution are key anthropogenic stressors with the potential to interact. While warming can change the impact of pollutants and pollutants can change the sensitivity to warming, both interaction pathways have never been integrated in a single experiment. Therefore, we tested the effects of warming and multiple pesticide pulses (allowing accumulation) of chlorpyrifos on upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and associated physiological traits related to aerobic/anaerobic energy production in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. To also assess the role of latitude-specific thermal adaptation in shaping the impact of warming and pesticide exposure on thermal tolerance, we exposed larvae from replicated high- and low-latitude populations to the pesticide in a common garden rearing experiment at 20 and 24 °C, the mean summer water temperatures at high and low latitudes. As expected, exposure to chlorpyrifos resulted in a lower CTmax. Yet, this pesticide effect on CTmax was lower at 24 °C compared to 20 °C because of a lower accumulation of chlorpyrifos in the medium at 24 °C. The effects on CTmax could partly be explained by reduction of the aerobic scope. Given that these effects did not differ between latitudes, gradual thermal evolution is not expected to counteract the negative effect of the pesticide on thermal tolerance. By for the first time integrating both interaction pathways we were not only able to provide support for both of them, but more importantly demonstrate that they can directly affect each other. Indeed, the warming-induced reduction in pesticide impact generated a lower pesticide-induced climate change sensitivity (in terms of decreased upper thermal tolerance). Our results indicate that, assuming no increase in pesticide input, global warming might reduce the negative effect of multiple pulse exposures to pesticides on sensitivity to elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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86
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Truzzi C, Illuminati S, Annibaldi A, Antonucci M, Scarponi G. Quantification of fatty acids in the muscle of Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Optimization of the analytical methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:116-123. [PMID: 28107709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents data on the quantification of fatty acids (FAs, in terms of mass unit per tissue weight) in the muscle of Trematomus bernacchii, a key species in Antarctica, often used as bioindicator for contamination studies. Modifications in fatty acids content should be considered a useful biomarker to study how contaminants affect Antarctic biota. Until now, very few studies quantified fatty acids of muscle of T. bernacchii, and only as percentage of a single fatty acid on total lipids. To perform the quantification of fatty acids, we used an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction of lipids from a lyophilized sample, a base-catalyzed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAMEs), and a separation and identification of FAMEs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With the optimized and validated method, a fast and accurate separation of Fatty Acids Methyl Esters was performed in 43 min. The linearity was checked up to about 320 μg mL-1; limit of detection and limit of quantification are in the range 4-22 μg mL-1 and 13-66 μg mL-1, respectively. The optimized method showed a good accuracy and precision. Major fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n9, 18:1n7, 20:1n9, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3. Quantified FAs compute for about 47 mg g-1 tissue dry weight (dw), with 9.1 ± 0.1 mg g-1 dw of saturated FAs, 25.5 ± 0.1 mg g-1 dw of mono-unsaturated FAs, and 12.2 ± 0.1 mg g-1 dw of poly-unsaturated FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Truzzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - S Illuminati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Antonucci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Scarponi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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87
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Transcriptome response of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas susceptible to thermal stress: A comparison with the response of tolerant oyster. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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88
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Gandar A, Laffaille P, Marty-Gasset N, Viala D, Molette C, Jean S. Proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: Effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:61-77. [PMID: 28109940 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. Evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. For that, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different temperatures (22 and 32°C) for 15 days. They were then exposed for 96h to a cocktail of herbicides and fungicides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations of 8.4μgL-1 and 42μgL-1) at these two temperatures (22 and 32°C). The molecular response in liver was assessed by 2D-proteomics. Identified proteins were integrated using pathway enrichment analysis software to determine the biological functions involved in the individual or combined stress responses and to predict the potential deleterious outcomes. The pesticide mixtures elicited pathways involved in cellular stress response, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, methionine cycle, cellular functions, cell structure and death control, with concentration- and temperature-dependent profiles of response. We found that combined temperature increase and pesticide exposure affected the cellular stress response: the effects of oxidative stress were more marked and there was a deregulation of the cell cycle via apoptosis inhibition. Moreover a decrease in the formation of glucose by liver and in ketogenic activity was observed in this multi-stress condition. The decrease in both pathways could reflect a shift from a metabolic compensation strategy to a conservation state. Taken together, our results showed (1) that environmental cocktails of herbicides and fungicides induced important changes in pathways involved in metabolism, cell structure and cell cycle, with possible deleterious outcomes at higher biological scales and (2) that increasing temperature could affect the response of fish to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gandar
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Didier Viala
- Plate-Forme 'Exploration du Métabolisme', Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; UMR 1213 Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, NRA Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Caroline Molette
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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89
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Lah RA, Benkendorff K, Bucher D. Thermal tolerance and preference of exploited turbinid snails near their range limit in a global warming hotspot. J Therm Biol 2017; 64:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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90
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Velez C, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Effects of seawater temperature increase on economically relevant native and introduced clam species. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 123:62-70. [PMID: 27951468 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of climate change, global warming is expected to increase during the 21st century. Taking this into account, the impact of rising temperatures on the native Ruditapes decussatus and introduced R. philippinarum bivalve species was assessed, through biochemical and mRNA transcription analyses. Our findings showed that at 21 °C the electron transport system and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as the expression of Hsp70 gene were induced in R. decussatus when compared with 17 °C. On the other hand, at 25 °C results suggested that R. decussatus closed their valves during short periods, as a behavioral strategy, down-regulating the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism (Cox-1 and 16S) and chaperone function (Hsp70) compared with organisms at 17 °C. In addition, the introduced species (R. philippinarum) increased the electron transport system and antioxidant activities, as well as gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecular chaperone (Hsp70) at 21 °C. However, antioxidant mechanisms were not enough to prevent lipid membrane damages at 21 °C. At 25 °C R. philippinarum presented increased electron transport system and antioxidant activity, as well as the expression of genes associated with apoptosis regulation and molecular chaperone. Overall, the present findings indicate that in a global warming scenario both species are able to induce different mechanisms to mitigate the impacts of temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Velez
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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91
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Karamushko LI. Bioenergetics of Arctic marine poikilothermic animals. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 471:280-283. [PMID: 28058608 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496616060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The yearly energy balance has been calculated for the first time for the polar species Arctic flounder Liopsetta glacialis at temperatures of its habitat. Despite the lower rates of the constructive metabolism, the energy metabolic rate during the somatic growth and gonad development was higher compared to warmwater species of flatfishes, so that the K 2 coefficient was higher in all age groups. Functional relationships between constructive metabolism and energy metabolism in poikilothermic animals have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Karamushko
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Murmansk, Russia.
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92
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Hawkins TD, Warner ME. Warm preconditioning protects against acute heat-induced respiratory dysfunction and delays bleaching in a symbiotic sea anemone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:969-983. [PMID: 27980125 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning to non-stressful warming can protect some symbiotic cnidarians against the high temperature-induced collapse of their mutualistic endosymbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), a process known as bleaching. Here, we sought to determine whether such preconditioning is underpinned by differential regulation of aerobic respiration. We quantified in vivo metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity in the naturally symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida preconditioned to 30°C for >7 weeks as well as anemones kept at 26°C. Preconditioning resulted in increased Symbiodinium photosynthetic activity and holobiont (host+symbiont) respiration rates. Biomass-normalised activities of host respiratory enzymes [citrate synthase and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) complexes I and IV] were higher in preconditioned animals, suggesting that increased holobiont respiration may have been due to host mitochondrial biogenesis and/or enlargement. Subsequent acute heating of preconditioned and 'thermally naive' animals to 33°C induced dramatic increases in host mETC complex I and Symbiodinium mETC complex II activities only in thermally naive E. pallida These changes were not reflected in the activities of other respiratory enzymes. Furthermore, bleaching in preconditioned E. pallida (defined as the significant loss of symbionts) was delayed by several days relative to the thermally naive group. These findings suggest that changes to mitochondrial biogenesis and/or function in symbiotic cnidarians during warm preconditioning might play a protective role during periods of exposure to stressful heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Hawkins
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Mark E Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
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93
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Chang CH, Lo WY, Lee TH. The Antioxidant Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) Exhibits Different Profiles in the Livers of Seawater- and Fresh Water-Acclimated Milkfish, Chanos chanos, upon Hypothermal Challenge. Front Physiol 2016; 7:580. [PMID: 27965586 PMCID: PMC5126087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tropical species, the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos), is a crucial economic species in Southeast Asia and is intolerant of water temperature below 12°C. Large numbers of milkfish die during cold periods in winter. Hypothermal environments usually increase oxidative stress in teleosts, and the liver is the major organ for anti-oxidative responses in the body. Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6) in mammals is a multi-functional enzyme and acts as both glutathione peroxidase, phospholipase A2 and acyl-transferase for maintenance of redox status and prevention of cell membrane peroxidation. Prdx6 can protect cells from oxidant-induced membrane damage by translocating the Prdx6 protein from the cytosol to the membrane. Upon cold stress, Ccprdx6 transcript levels were up-regulated after 24 h and 96 h in livers of fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish, respectively. In the hypothermal FW group, the Prdx6 protein was up-regulated in the cytosol of hepatocytes with a similar role as glutathione peroxidase to reduce oxidative stress upon hypothermal challenge. Conversely, in hypothermal SW milkfish, total Prdx6 protein was down-regulated. However, cytosolic Prdx6 protein was translocated to the membrane, using the ability of phospholipase A2 to stabilize the membrane redox state. Moreover, H2O2 content was increased in FW-acclimated milkfish livers upon hypothermal challenge. Ex vivo H2O2 treatment of milkfish livers also induced Ccprdx6 transcriptional expression, which provided more evidence of the antioxidant role of milkfish Prdx6. Taken together, upon hypothermal challenge, greater oxidative stress in livers of FW-acclimated milkfish rather than SW-acclimated individuals led to different profiles of hepatic CcPrdx6 expression between the FW and SW group. The results indicated that CcPrdx6 played the role of antioxidant with different mechanisms, i.e., binding to reactive oxygen species and stabilizing membrane fluidity, in livers of hypothermal FW and SW milkfish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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94
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Di- and tripeptide transport in vertebrates: the contribution of teleost fish models. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:395-462. [PMID: 27803975 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solute Carrier 15 (SLC15) family, alias H+-coupled oligopeptide cotransporter family, is a group of membrane transporters known for their role in the cellular uptake of di- and tripeptides (di/tripeptides) and peptide-like molecules. Of its members, SLC15A1 (PEPT1) chiefly mediates intestinal absorption of luminal di/tripeptides from dietary protein digestion, while SLC15A2 (PEPT2) mainly allows renal tubular reabsorption of di/tripeptides from ultrafiltration, SLC15A3 (PHT2) and SLC15A4 (PHT1) possibly interact with di/tripeptides and histidine in certain immune cells, and SLC15A5 has unknown function. Our understanding of this family in vertebrates has steadily increased, also due to the surge of genomic-to-functional information from 'non-conventional' animal models, livestock, poultry, and aquaculture fish species. Here, we review the literature on the SLC15 transporters in teleost fish with emphasis on SLC15A1 (PEPT1), one of the solute carriers better studied amongst teleost fish because of its relevance in animal nutrition. We report on the operativity of the transporter, the molecular diversity, and multiplicity of structural-functional solutions of the teleost fish orthologs with respect to higher vertebrates, its relevance at the intersection of the alimentary and osmoregulative functions of the gut, its response under various physiological states and dietary solicitations, and its possible involvement in examples of total body plasticity, such as growth and compensatory growth. By a comparative approach, we also review the few studies in teleost fish on SLC15A2 (PEPT2), SLC15A4 (PHT1), and SLC15A3 (PHT2). By representing the contribution of teleost fish to the knowledge of the physiology of di/tripeptide transport and transporters, we aim to fill the gap between higher and lower vertebrates.
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95
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Lipid remodelling in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata, reflects acclimation and local adaptation to temperature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35669. [PMID: 27762300 PMCID: PMC5071839 DOI: 10.1038/srep35669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acclimation and adaptation, which are key to species survival in a changing climate, can be observed in terms of membrane lipid composition. Remodelling membrane lipids, via homeoviscous adaptation (HVA), counteracts membrane dysfunction due to temperature in poikilotherms. In order to assess the potential for acclimation and adaptation in the honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata, a reef-building polychaete that supports high biodiversity, we carried out common-garden experiments using individuals from along its latitudinal range. Individuals were exposed to a stepwise temperature increase from 15 °C to 25 °C and membrane lipid composition assessed. Our results suggest that S. alveolata was able to acclimate to higher temperatures, as observed by a decrease in unsaturation index and 20:5n-3. However, over the long-term at 25 °C, lipid composition patterns are not consistent with HVA expectations and suggest a stress response. Furthermore, unsaturation index of individuals from the two coldest sites were higher than those from the two warmest sites, with individuals from the thermally intermediate site being in-between, likely reflecting local adaptation to temperature. Therefore, lipid remodelling appears limited at the highest temperatures in S. alveolata, suggesting that individuals inhabiting warm environments may be close to their upper thermal tolerance limits and at risk in a changing climate.
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96
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Postlethwait JH, Yan YL, Desvignes T, Allard C, Titus T, Le François NR, Detrich HW. Embryogenesis and early skeletogenesis in the antarctic bullhead notothen, Notothenia coriiceps. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1066-1080. [PMID: 27507212 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental temperature influences rates of embryonic development, but a detailed staging series for vertebrate embryos developing in the subzero cold of Antarctic waters is not yet available from fertilization to hatching. Given projected warming of the Southern Ocean, it is imperative to establish a baseline to evaluate potential effects of changing climate on fish developmental dynamics. RESULTS We studied the Bullhead notothen (Notothenia coriiceps), a notothenioid fish inhabiting waters between -1.9 and +2 °C. In vitro fertilization produced embryos that progressed through cleavage, epiboly, gastrulation, segmentation, organogenesis, and hatching. We compared morphogenesis spatially and temporally to Zebrafish and medaka. Experimental animals hatched after about 6 months to early larval stages. To help understand skeletogenesis, we analyzed late embryos for expression of sox9 and runx2, which regulate chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and eye development. Results revealed that, despite their prolonged developmental time course, N. coriiceps embryos developed similarly to those of other teleosts with large yolk cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies set the stage for future molecular analyses of development in these extremophile fish. Results provide a foundation for understanding the impact of ocean warming on embryonic development and larval recruitment of notothenioid fish, which are key factors in the marine trophic system. Developmental Dynamics 245:1066-1080, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Lin Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Corey Allard
- Biodôme de Montréal, Division des collections vivantes et recherche, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tom Titus
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Nathalie R Le François
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts
| | - H William Detrich
- Biodôme de Montréal, Division des collections vivantes et recherche, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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97
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Effects of warm acclimation on physiology and gonad development in the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 198:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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98
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Nie H, Jiang L, Huo Z, Liu L, Yang F, Yan X. Transcriptomic responses to low temperature stress in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:358-366. [PMID: 27288255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is an economically important shellfish in marine aquaculture, with a broad thermal tolerance. The ability to cope with cold stress is quite important for the survival of aquatic species under natural conditions. A cold-tolerant clam that can survive the winter at temperatures below 0 °C might extend our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the response to cold stress. In this study, the transcriptional response of the Manila clam to cold stress (-1 °C) was characterized using RNA sequencing. The transcriptomes of a cold-treatment (O) group of clams, which survived under cold stress, and the control group (OC2), which was not subjected to cold stress, were sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform. In all, 148,593 unigenes were generated. Compared with the unigene expression profile of the control group, 1760 unigenes were up regulated and 2147 unigenes were down regulated in the O group. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that signal transduction, mitochondrial metabolism, cellular component organization or biogenesis, and energy production processes were the most highly enriched pathways among the genes that were differentially expressed under cold stress. All these pathways could be assigned to the following biological functions in the cold-tolerant Manila clam: signal response to cold stress, antioxidant response, cell proliferation, and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Nie
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongming Huo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lianhui Liu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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99
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Drost HE, Lo M, Carmack EC, Farrell AP. Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3114-3125. [PMID: 27471275 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the growing concern about warming of the Arctic Ocean, this study quantified the thermal acclimation responses of Boreogadus saida, a key Arctic food web fish. Physiological rates for cardio-respiratory functions as well as critical maximum temperature (Tc,max) for loss of equilibrium (LOE) were measured. The transition temperatures for these events (LOE, the rate of oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate) during acute warming were used to gauge phenotypic plasticity after thermal acclimation from 0.5°C up to 6.5°C for 1 month (respiratory and Tc,max measurements) and 6 months (cardiac measurements). Tc,max increased significantly by 2.3°C from 14.9°C to 17.1°C with thermal acclimation, while the optimum temperature for absolute aerobic scope increased by 4.5°C over the same range of thermal acclimation. Warm acclimation reset the maximum heart rate to a statistically lower rate, but the first Arrhenius breakpoint temperature during acute warming was unchanged. The hierarchy of transition temperatures was quantified at three acclimation temperatures and was fitted inside a Fry temperature tolerance polygon to better define ecologically relevant thermal limits to performance of B. saida We conclude that B. saida can acclimate to 6.5°C water temperatures in the laboratory. However, at this acclimation temperature 50% of the fish were unable to recover from maximum swimming at the 8.5°C test temperature and their cardio-respiratory performance started to decline at water temperatures greater than 5.4°C. Such costs in performance may limit the ecological significance of B. saida acclimation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Drost
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - M Lo
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - E C Carmack
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 4B2
| | - A P Farrell
- Zoology Department, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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100
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Beers JM, Jayasundara N. Antarctic notothenioid fish: what are the future consequences of 'losses' and 'gains' acquired during long-term evolution at cold and stable temperatures? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 218:1834-45. [PMID: 26085661 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic notothenioids dominate the fish fauna of the Southern Ocean. Evolution for millions of years at cold and stable temperatures has led to the acquisition of numerous biochemical traits that allow these fishes to thrive in sub-zero waters. The gain of antifreeze glycoproteins has afforded notothenioids the ability to avert freezing and survive at temperatures often hovering near the freezing point of seawater. Additionally, possession of cold-adapted proteins and membranes permits them to sustain appropriate metabolic rates at exceptionally low body temperatures. The notothenioid genome is also distinguished by the disappearance of traits in some species, losses that might prove costly in a warmer environment. Perhaps the best-illustrated example is the lack of expression of hemoglobin in white-blooded icefishes from the family Channichthyidae. Loss of key elements of the cellular stress response, notably the heat shock response, has also been observed. Along with their attainment of cold tolerance, notothenioids have developed an extreme stenothermy and many species perish at temperatures only a few degrees above their habitat temperatures. Thus, in light of today's rapidly changing climate, it is critical to evaluate how these extreme stenotherms will respond to rising ocean temperatures. It is conceivable that the remarkable cold specialization of notothenioids may ultimately leave them vulnerable to future thermal increases and threaten their fitness and survival. Within this context, our review provides a current summary of the biochemical losses and gains that are known for notothenioids and examines these cold-adapted traits with a focus on processes underlying thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody M Beers
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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