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Manna T, Gucchait A, Misra AK. Convenient synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O4. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:106-110. [PMID: 32082429 PMCID: PMC7006483 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward sequential synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of the Escherichia albertii O4 strain in very good yield with the desired configuration at the glycosidic linkages using thioglycosides and trichloroacetimidate derivatives as glycosyl donors and perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4/SiO2) as a solid supported protic acid glycosyl activator. The expected configuration at the glycosidic linkages was achieved using a reasonable selection of protecting groups in the manosaccharide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Manna
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Arin Gucchait
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
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Naumenko OI, Senchenkova SN, Knirel YA. O-Specific Polysaccharides (O-Antigens) of a New Species of Enteric Bacteria Escherichia albertii Closely Related to Escherichia coli. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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53
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Bera M, Adak A, Mukhopadhyay B. Concise chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Escherichia albertii O2. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107817. [PMID: 31526928 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Total chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Escherichia albertii O2 is accomplished by following a [3 + 2] strategy. The target pentasaccharide in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside is particularly attractive as the free amine end can be coupled with suitable aglycon to make further glycoconjugate without affecting the anomeric stereochemistry. Phthalimido derivatives were used successfully as the precursor of the desired acetamido glucose moieties and ensured the 1,2-trans linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Bera
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India
| | - Anirban Adak
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Shashkov AS, Sun Y, Senchenkova SN, Bai L, Wang J, Wang H, Li Q, Knirel YA, Xiong Y. Escherichia albertii EA046 (O9) harbors two polysaccharide gene clusters for synthesis of the O-antigen by the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway and a mannan shared by Escherichia coli O8 by the Wzm/Wzt-dependent pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:609-614. [PMID: 31622726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O antigen is a polysaccharide chain of a lipopolysaccharide on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. O-antigen-based serotyping and molecular typing are widely used for epidemiological and surveillance purposes. Two polysaccharides were isolated by Sephadex G-50 gel-permeation chromatography following mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia albertii EA046 assigned to serotype O9. The polysaccharide eluted first was considered as the O-antigen. It was composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units containing two residues of d-Man and one residue each of d-Gal and d-GlcNAc as well as glycerol phosphate. It had the following unique structure which was established by NMR spectroscopy applied to the initial and dephosphorylated polysaccharides: The polysaccharide eluted from the gel second was identified as a mannan with a → 3)-β-d-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → trisaccharide repeating unit. In E. albertii EA046, two polysaccharide gene clusters were found at a chromosomal locus flanked by the conserved galF gene and the histidine synthesis operon (his). They were suggested to drive the biosynthesis of the O-antigen by the Wzy/Wzy-dependent pathway and the mannan by the Wzm/Wzt-dependent pathway. The mannan shares the structure and gene cluster with a polysaccharide isolated earlier from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yong Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Li Bai
- Division I of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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55
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Masuda K, Ooka T, Akita H, Hiratsuka T, Takao S, Fukada M, Inoue K, Honda M, Toda J, Sugitani W, Narimatsu H, Ishioka T, Hirai S, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Morita Y, Hayashi T, Kimura H, Oishi K, Ohnishi M, Fujimoto S, Murakami K. Epidemiological Aspects of Escherichia albertii Outbreaks in Japan and Genetic Characteristics of the Causative Pathogen. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:144-150. [PMID: 31603704 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogen Escherichia albertii has been identified as the cause of several human disease outbreaks; however, factors such as the general symptoms and incubation period of E. albertii infection have yet to be defined. Therefore, we aimed to determine the unique aspects of E. albertii outbreaks in Japan and to examine the genetic characteristics of the causative pathogen. We studied all known E. albertii outbreaks that occurred in Japan up until 2015, which consisted of five confirmed outbreaks and one putative outbreak (Outbreaks 1-6). Outbreaks were re-examined based on personal communications between researchers in prefectural and municipal public health institutes, and through examination of any published study conducted at the time. Draft genome sequences of outbreak-associated E. albertii isolates were also generated. The most common symptom displayed by patients across the six episodes was watery diarrhea (>80%), followed by abdominal pain (50-84%) and fever (37.0-39.5°C) (26-44%). The estimated average incubation period of E. albertii infection was 12-24 h. We assumed that most of the outbreaks were foodborne or waterborne, with restaurant foods, restaurant water, and boxed lunches being the suspected transmission vehicles. Three of the six outbreak-associated E. albertii isolates possessed intact ETT2 regions, while the remaining isolates contained disrupted ETT2-encoding genes. Virulence gene screening revealed that more than half (44/70) of the tested genes were present in all 5 strains examined, and that each of the strains contained more than 1 gene from 14 out of the 21 groups of virulence genes examined in this study. The five E. albertii strains were classified into four of the five known phylogroups. Therefore, we determined that multiple E. albertii genotypes in Japan have the potential to cause outbreaks of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and/or fever following infection of a human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Masuda
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Akita
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiratsuka
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takao
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mami Fukada
- Hiroshima Prefectural Western Center for Public Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Hiroshima Prefectural Western Center for Public Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute of Hygiene and the Environment, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junko Toda
- Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wakana Sugitani
- Kumamoto City Environmental Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Narimatsu
- Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and the Environment, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Hirai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Morita
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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56
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Egan M, Critelli B, Cleary SP, Marino M, Upreti C, Kalman D, Bhatt S. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the locus of enterocyte effacement in Escherichia albertii. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103643. [PMID: 31336143 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diarrheic bacterium Escherichia albertii is a recent addition to the attaching and effacing (A/E) morphotype of pathogens. A/E pathogens cause disease by tightly attaching to intestinal cells, destroying their actin-rich microvilli, and triggering re-localization and repolymerization of actin at the bacterial-host interface to form actin-filled membranous protrusions, termed A/E lesions, beneath the adherent bacterium. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is required for the biogenesis of these lesions. Whereas regulation of the LEE has been intensively investigated in EPEC and EHEC, it remains cryptic in E. albertii. In this study we characterized the very first transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators of the LEE in this emerging pathogen. Our results suggest that Ler and GrlA globally activate transcription from the LEE, whereas GrlR negatively regulates the LEE. Additionally, we demonstrate that the RNA chaperone Hfq posttranscriptionally represses the LEE by specifically targeting the 5' UTR of grlR. In summary, our findings provide the very first glimpse of the regulatory landscape of the LEE in E. albertii - a bacterium that has been implicated in multiple diarrheal outbreaks worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Egan
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, 19131, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Brian Critelli
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, 19131, PA, USA
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, 19131, PA, USA
| | - Mary Marino
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, 19131, PA, USA
| | - Chirag Upreti
- Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Kalman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, 30341, GA, USA
| | - Shantanu Bhatt
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, 19131, PA, USA.
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57
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Murakami K, Maeda-Mitani E, Kimura H, Honda M, Ikeda T, Sugitani W, Konno T, Kawano K, Etoh Y, Sera N, Mizukoshi F, Saitoh T, Kawamura Y, Ishioka T, Ohnishi M, Oishi K, Fujimoto S. Non-biogroup 1 or 2 Strains of the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Escherichia albertii, Their Proposed Assignment to Biogroup 3, and Their Commonly Detected Characteristics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1543. [PMID: 31333633 PMCID: PMC6624678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, a zoonotic enteropathogen, is responsible for outbreaks of disease in humans. Identifying strains of E. albertii by phenotypic characterization tests is difficult because of its poorly defined properties. Screening its phenotypic characteristics is, nevertheless, a necessary prerequisite for further genetic analysis of its properties, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis can be used to type the pathogen. While two E. albertii biogroups (1 and 2) have been described, strains with characteristics divergent from both biogroups have been reported worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of non-biogroup 1 or 2 strains, and discern the characteristics common to all of the E. albertii strains from this study. Altogether, 107/414 field isolates were selected for examination based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The 107 strains were isolated from 92 sources, including humans and pigeon feces, other wild birds, and retail chicken livers. All strains were then examined using various culture-based, biochemical (API 50CHE tests, API Zym test, and others) and molecular (virulence gene screening, multi-locus sequence analysis) testing methods. Our results revealed that all field strains (n = 107) showed non-biogroup 1 or 2 characteristics, with multiple sequence differences. Variations in indole production and the lysine decarboxylase activity profiles among the isolates made identification of E. albertii very difficult. Therefore, we propose that non-biogroup 1 or 2 of E. albertii should be assigned to biogroup 3 to make screening of them easier in public health and clinical laboratory settings. Clearly, having group criteria for indole-negative/lysine-positive, indole-positive/lysine-negative, and indole-positive/lysine-positive E. albertii biogroups 1, 2, and 3 strains, respectively, should provide for more accurate identification of E. albertii isolates. Based on our findings, we recommend that isolates displaying phenotype mobility-negativity (sulfide-indole-motility medium, 37°C), hydrogen sulfide production-negativity (triple sugar iron medium), acid production-negativity from xylose, negative β-glucuronidase activity properties, and showing indole production and lysine decarboxylase activity profiles in accordance with one of the three biogroups, should be further assessed using an E. albertii-specific PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.,Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute for Hygiene and the Environment, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Wakana Sugitani
- Kumamoto City Environmental Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, Akita, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mizukoshi
- Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Takehito Saitoh
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
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Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia albertii Strain Mex-12/320a, Isolated from an Infant with Diarrhea and Harboring Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Strains of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/27/e00208-19. [PMID: 31270186 PMCID: PMC6606900 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00208-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging human enteropathogen. We report the draft genome sequence of E. albertii strain Mex-12/320a, isolated from an infant with diarrhea. The presence of the pathogenic island O122/IE6 and the nleA gene, previously found in diarrheagenic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, suggests that E. albertii may cause acute diarrhea.
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59
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Rios EA, Santos J, García-Meniño I, Flament-Simon SC, Blanco J, García-López ML, Otero A, Rodríguez-Calleja JM. Characterisation, antimicrobial resistance and diversity of atypical EPEC and STEC isolated from cow's milk, cheese and dairy cattle farm environments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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60
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Development of a specific cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene (Eacdt)-based PCR assay for the detection of Escherichia albertii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:119-124. [PMID: 31272742 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many Escherichia albertii isolates, an emerging pathogen of human and birds, might have been misidentified due to the difficulty of differentiating this bacterium from Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by routine biochemical tests, resulting in underestimation of E. albertii infections. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targets E. albertii cytolethal distending toxin (Eacdt) genes, which include the genes previously identified as Escherichia coli cdt-II. This assay could generate a single 449-bp PCR product in each of 67 confirmed E. albertii strains but failed to produce PCR product from any of the tested non-E. albertii enteric strains belonging to 37 different species, indicating 100% sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay. The detection limit was 10 CFU per PCR tube and could detect 105 CFU E. albertii per gram of spiked healthy human stool. The Eacdt gene-based PCR could be useful for simple, rapid, and accurate detection and identification of E. albertii.
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Hinenoya A, Ichimura H, Awasthi SP, Yasuda N, Yatsuyanagi J, Yamasaki S. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia albertii: Further surrogates to avoid potential laboratory misidentification. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The Evasive Enemy: Insights into the Virulence and Epidemiology of the Emerging Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00254-18. [PMID: 30373891 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00254-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diarrheic attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen Escherichia albertii was first isolated from infants in Bangladesh in 1991, although the bacterium was initially classified as Hafnia alvei Subsequent genetic and biochemical interrogation of these isolates raised concerns about their initial taxonomic placement. It was not until 2003 that these isolates were reassigned to the novel taxon Escherichia albertii because they were genetically more closely related to E. coli, although they had diverged sufficiently to warrant a novel species name. Unfortunately, new isolates continue to be mistyped as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) owing to shared traits, most notably the ability to form A/E lesions. Consequently, E. albertii remains an underappreciated A/E pathogen, despite multiple reports demonstrating that many provisional EPEC and EHEC isolates incriminated in disease outbreaks are actually E. albertii Metagenomic studies on dozens of E. albertii isolates reveal a genetic architecture that boasts an arsenal of candidate virulence factors to rival that of its better-characterized cousins, EPEC and EHEC. Beyond these computational comparisons, studies addressing the regulation, structure, function, and mechanism of action of its repertoire of virulence factors are lacking. Thus, the paucity of knowledge about the epidemiology, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of E. albertii, coupled with its misclassification and its ability to develop multidrug resistance in a single step, highlights the challenges in combating this emerging pathogen. This review seeks to synthesize our current but incomplete understanding of the biology of E. albertii.
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63
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Smith
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
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64
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Maheux AF, Brodeur S, Bérubé È, Boudreau DK, Abed JY, Boissinot M, Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. Method for isolation of both lactose-fermenting and – non-fermenting Escherichia albertii strains from stool samples. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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65
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Potter RF, D'Souza AW, Wallace MA, Shupe A, Patel S, Gul D, Kwon JH, Beatty W, Andleeb S, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. Superficieibacter electus gen. nov., sp. nov., an Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Possessing Member of the Enterobacteriaceae Family, Isolated From Intensive Care Unit Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1629. [PMID: 30079059 PMCID: PMC6062592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-negative bacilli strains, designated BP-1(T) and BP-2, were recovered from two different Intensive Care Unit surfaces during a longitudinal survey in Pakistan. Both strains were unidentified using the bioMerieux VITEK MS IVD v2.3.3 and Bruker BioTyper MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry platforms. To more precisely determine the taxonomic identity of BP-1(T) and BP-2, we employed a biochemical and phylogenomic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BP-1(T) had the highest identity to Citrobacter farmeri CDC 2991-81(T) (98.63%) Citrobacter amalonaticus CECT 863(T) (98.56%), Citrobacter sedlakii NBRC 105722(T) (97.74%) and Citrobacter rodentium NBRC 105723(T) (97.74%). The biochemical utilization scheme of BP-1(T) using the Analytic Profile Index for Enterobacteriaceae (API20E) indicated its enzymatic functions are unique within the Enterobacteriaceae but most closely resemble Kluyvera spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter koseri/farmeri. Phylogenomic analysis of the shared genes between BP-1(T), BP-2 and type strains from Kluyvera, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Kosakonia, Siccibacter and Shigella indicate that BP-1(T) and BP-2 isolates form a distinct branch from these genera. Average Nucleotide Identity analysis indicates that BP-1(T) and BP-2 are the same species. The biochemical and phylogenomic analysis indicate strains BP-1(T) and BP-2 represent a novel species from a new genus within the Enterobacteriaceae family, for which the name Superficieibacter electus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is BP-1(T) (= ATCC BAA-2937, = NBRC 113412).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Potter
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alaric W. D'Souza
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Angela Shupe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sanket Patel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Danish Gul
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jennie H. Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wandy Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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66
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Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia albertii, Escherichia fergusonii, and Strains Belonging to Six Cryptic Lineages of Escherichia spp. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/18/e00271-18. [PMID: 29724828 PMCID: PMC5940954 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00271-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report here the genome sequences of 55 strains belonging to the genus Escherichia from multiple animal and environmental sources. These strains include representatives of Escherichia albertii, Escherichia fergusonii, and six additional genetically distinct lineages of Escherichia spp., one of which is newly discovered and is being reported for the first time here.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Intimin-Positive Enteropathogenic Escherichia albertii Strain MBT-EA1, Isolated from Lettuce. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/15/e00255-18. [PMID: 29650574 PMCID: PMC5897810 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00255-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the intimin (eae)-harboring Escherichia albertii strain MBT-EA1, isolated from lettuce in Germany, was sequenced. Sequence analysis showed the assembled draft genome size to be 4,560,948 bp, containing a predicted total of 4,414 protein-encoding genes, 11 rRNAs, and 82 tRNAs. Furthermore, three plasmid sequences were found.
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Xiong Y, Senchenkova SN, Wang H, Shashkov AS, Li Q, Wang J, Knirel YA. Studies on the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia albertii O2 characterized by non-stoichiometric O-acetylation and non-stoichiometric side-chain l-fucosylation. Carbohydr Res 2018; 461:80-84. [PMID: 29609101 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An O-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia albertii O2 and studied by chemical methods and 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: . The O-polysaccharide is characterized by masked regularity owing to a non-stoichiometric O-acetylation of an l-fucose residue in the main chain and a non-stoichiometric side-chain l-fucosylation of a β-GlcNAc residue. A regular linear polysaccharide was obtained by sequential Smith degradation and alkaline O-deacetylation of the O-polysaccharide. The content of the O-antigen gene cluster of E. albertii O2 was found to be essentially consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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69
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Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia albertii Strain 1551-2, a Potential Extracellular and Intracellular Pathogen. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/9/e00075-18. [PMID: 29496827 PMCID: PMC5834326 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii has recently been recognized as an emerging human and bird enteric pathogen. Here, we report the complete chromosome sequence of a clinical isolate of E. albertii strain 1551-2, which may provide information about the pathogenic potential of this new species and the mechanisms of evolution of Escherichia species.
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Li Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Bai X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Miao Y, Zhang L, Li X, Zou N, Yan G, Chen X, Zhang J, Fu S, Fan R, Xu J, Li J, Xiong Y. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia albertii: Co-occurrence of β-Lactamase and MCR-1 Encoding Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29503643 PMCID: PMC5820351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging member of the Enterobacteriaceae causing human and animal enteric infections. Antimicrobial resistance among enteropathogens has been reported to be increasing in the past years. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in E. albertii isolated from Zigong city, Sichuan province, China. The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest prevalence was tetracycline resistance with a rate of 62.7%, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid and streptomycin with a rate of 56.9 and 51.0%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive or intermediate susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. Among 51 E. albertii isolates, 15 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing as confirmed by the double disk test. The main β-lactamase gene groups, i.e., blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, were detected in17, 20, and 22 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, four colistin-resistant isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 mg/L were identified. The colistin-resistant isolates all harbored mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55. Genome sequencing showed that E. albertii strain SP140150 carried mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55 in two different plasmids. This study provided significant information regarding antibiotic resistance profiles and identified the co-occurrence of β-lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes in E. albertii isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yimao Miao
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Nianli Zou
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Guodong Yan
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Wang J, Senchenkova SN, Wang H, Shashkov AS, Chizhov AO, Li Q, Knirel YA, Xiong Y. Structure elucidation of the O-specific polysaccharide by NMR spectroscopy and selective cleavage and genetic characterization of the O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O5. Carbohydr Res 2018; 457:25-31. [PMID: 29309918 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia albertii O5 (strain T150248) and studied by sugar analysis, selective cleavages of glycosidic linkages, and 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Partial solvolysis with anh (anhydrous) CF3CO2H and hydrolysis with 0.05 M CF3CO2H cleaved predominantly the glycosidic linkage of β-GalpNAc or β-Galf, respectively, whereas the linkages of α-GlcpNAc and β-Galp were stable. Mixtures of the corresponding tri- and tetra-saccharides thus obtained were studied by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution ESI MS. The following new structure was established for the tetrasaccharide repeat (O-unit) of the O-polysaccharide: →4)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-β-d-Galp6Ac-(1 → 6)-β-d-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-d-GalpNAc-(1→where the degree of O-acetylation of d-Galp is ∼70%. The O-polysaccharide studied has a β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-d-GalpNAc trisaccharide fragment in common with the O-polysaccharides of E. albertii O7, Escherichia coli O124 and O164, and Shigella dysenteriae type 3 studied earlier. The orf5-7 in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. albertii O5 are 47%, 78%, and 75% identical on the amino acid level to genes for predicted enzymes of E. albertii O7, including Galp-transferase wfeS, UDP-d-Galp mutase glf, and Galf-transferase wfeT, respectively, which are putatively involved with the synthesis of the shared trisaccharide fragment of the O-polysaccharides. The occurrence upstream of the O-antigen gene cluster of a 4-epimerase gene gnu for conversion of undecaprenyl diphosphate-linked d-GlcNAc (UndPP-d-GlcNAc) into UndPP-d-GalNAc indicates that d-GalNAc is the first monosaccharide of the O-unit, and hence the O-units are interlinked in the O-polysaccharide of E. albertii O5 by the β-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 4)-α-d-GlcpNAc linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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72
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Shenoy AR, Furniss RCD, Goddard PJ, Clements A. Modulation of Host Cell Processes by T3SS Effectors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 416:73-115. [PMID: 30178263 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two of the enteric Escherichia coli pathotypes-enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)-have a conserved type 3 secretion system which is essential for virulence. The T3SS is used to translocate between 25 and 50 bacterial proteins directly into the host cytosol where they manipulate a variety of host cell processes to establish a successful infection. In this chapter, we discuss effectors from EPEC/EHEC in the context of the host proteins and processes that they target-the actin cytoskeleton, small guanosine triphosphatases and innate immune signalling pathways that regulate inflammation and cell death. Many of these translocated proteins have been extensively characterised, which has helped obtain insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis of these bacteria and also understand the host pathways they target in more detail. With increasing knowledge of the positive and negative regulation of host signalling pathways by different effectors, a future challenge is to investigate how the specific effector repertoire of each strain cooperates over the course of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Philippa J Goddard
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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73
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Grillová L, Sedláček I, Páchníková G, Staňková E, Švec P, Holochová P, Micenková L, Bosák J, Slaninová I, Šmajs D. Characterization of four Escherichia albertii isolates collected from animals living in Antarctica and Patagonia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:138-146. [PMID: 29249728 PMCID: PMC5797873 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently discovered species with a limited number of well characterized strains. The aim of this study was to characterize four of the E. albertii strains, which were among 41 identified Escherichia strains isolated from the feces of living animals on James Ross Island, Antarctica, and Isla Magdalena, Patagonia. Sequencing of 16S rDNA, automated ribotyping, and rep-PCR were used to identify the four E. albertii isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing showed these isolates to be genetically most similar to the members of E. albertii phylogroup G3. These isolates encoded several virulence factors including those, which are characteristic of E. albertii (cytolethal distending toxin and intimin) as well as bacteriocin determinants that typically have a very low prevalence in E. coli strains (D, E7). Moreover, E. albertii protein extracts caused cell cycle arrest in human cell line A375, probably because of cytolethal distending toxin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grillová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Páchníková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Staňková
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Holochová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Bosák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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74
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Association of cytolethal distending toxin-II gene-positive Escherichia coli with Escherichia albertii , an emerging enteropathogen. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:564-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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75
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Gallardo P, Izquierdo M, Vidal RM, Chamorro-Veloso N, Rosselló-Móra R, O'Ryan M, Farfán MJ. Distinctive Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Infections in Chilean Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:424. [PMID: 29075617 PMCID: PMC5643428 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are a major cause of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age worldwide. DEC pathogenicity relies on the interaction of bacteria with environmental factors, including the host's resident gut microbiota. Previous reports have shown changes in the gut microbiota's composition during episodes of diarrhea, which may increase the pathogenicity of DEC strains. More intense and detailed identification of microbiota strains specifically associated with DEC infections and disease is needed to pinpoint their role in DEC pathogenicity. Aim: To identify resident indicative bacterial taxa in DEC-positive diarrhea stool samples of Chilean children. Methods: We analyzed 63 diarrheal stool samples from children 1–5 years of age by FilmArray® GI in order to identify a potential pathogen and to group diarrhea episodes into those caused by DEC as sole pathogen (DEC group, 32 samples) and those caused by an enteric virus as sole pathogen (viral group, 31 samples). In addition, 30 stool samples from healthy children, negative for enteric pathogens, were evaluated (healthy group). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using 454 pyrosequencing. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 99% identity and their representatives were used to assign them to operational phylogenetic units (OPUs) using a phylogenetic inference approach. Results: Taxa assignment using the OPU approach resulted in a lower number of units but with higher accuracy compared to the OTU approach. Data analysis indicated an increase in sequences belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria in the DEC group compared to the viral and healthy groups. Samples displayed a statistically different community structure by sample grouping by redundancy analysis and ANOVA. Escherichia albertii (p = 0.001), Citrobacter werkmanii (p = 0.001), Yersinia enterocolitica, subsp. paleartica (p = 0.048), and Haemophilus sputorum (p = 0.028) were indicative species for the DEC group as compared to the viral and healthy groups. Conclusion: Gut microbiota in Chilean children with DEC-positive diarrhea differed from microbiota associated with enteric virus and healthy children. Indicative species found in this study may prove relevant in advancing our understanding of the relationship between resident gut microbiota and DEC leading to the occurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gallardo
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nayaret Chamorro-Veloso
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio J Farfán
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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76
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Wang H, Zheng H, Li Q, Xu Y, Wang J, Du P, Li X, Liu X, Zhang L, Zou N, Yan G, Zhang Z, Jing H, Xu J, Xiong Y. Defining the Genetic Features of O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster and Performance of an O-Antigen Serotyping Scheme for Escherichia albertii. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1857. [PMID: 29018428 PMCID: PMC5622975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a newly described and emerging diarrheagenic pathogen responsible for outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Serotyping plays an important role in diagnosis and epidemiological studies for pathogens of public health importance. The diversity of O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs) provides the primary basis for serotyping. However, little is known about the distribution and diversity of O-AGCs of E. albertii strains. Here, we presented a complete sequence set for the O-AGCs from 52 E. albertii strains and identified seven distinct O-AGCs. Six of these were also found in 15 genomes of E. albertii strains deposited in the public database. Possession of wzy/wzx genes in each O-AGC strongly suggest that O-antigens of E. albertii were synthesized by the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we performed an O-antigen serotyping scheme for E. albertii based on specific antisera against seven O-antigens and a high throughput xTAG Luminex assay to simultaneously detect seven O-AGCs. Both methods accurately identified serotypes of 64 tested E. albertii strains. Our data revealed the high-level diversity of O-AGCs in E. albertii. We also provide valuable methods to reliably identify and serotype this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Nianli Zou
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Guodong Yan
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Senchenkova SN, Wang H, Li Q, Shashkov AS, Wang J, Knirel YA, Xiong Y. Structures and gene clusters of the O-antigens of Escherichia albertii O3, O4, O6, and O7. Carbohydr Res 2017; 449:17-22. [PMID: 28672166 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs) called O-antigens were obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia albertii serotypes O3, O4, O6, and O7 and studied by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure was established for the OPS of E. albertii O4, which, to our knowledge, is unique among known bacterial polysaccharide structures: →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1 → 2)-α-l-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 3)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→ The OPS structure of the strain of E. albertii O7 studied was identical to that of strain LMG 20973 (= Albert 10457), whose structure has been reported earlier (R. Eserstam et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (2002) 3289-3295). E. albertii O3 and O6 shared the OPS structures with Escherichia coli O181 and O3, respectively, except for the lack of O-acetylation in E. albertii O3, which is present in E. coli O181. The gene clusters driving the O-antigen biosynthesis of the E. albertii strains were sequenced, the genes were annotated by comparison with sequences in the available databases, and the predicted functions of the encoded proteins were found to be consistent with the OPS structures established. In accordance with the relatedness of the OPS structures, the O-antigen gene clusters of E. albertii O3 and O6 contain the same genes and have the same organization as those of E. coli O181 and O3, the entire gene clusters being 83% and 98% identical, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Glover B, Wentzel J, Jenkins A, Van Vuuren M. The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa. One Health 2017; 3:70-75. [PMID: 28616507 PMCID: PMC5454151 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance phenotypes of selected enteric bacteria isolated from non-human primates at a wildlife-human interface. Bacterial isolates from faecal samples of non-human primates at two wildlife rehabilitation centres in South Africa were screened for the presence of Escherichia coli. The biochemical characterisation of E. coli and E. coli-like bacteria revealed both adonitol positive and sorbitol negative strains – a unique characteristic of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli K99. Further tests were carried out to identify the isolates, namely growth on Simmons citrate agar supplemented with 2% adonitol and biochemical tests based on their ability to ferment cellobiose and d-arabitol. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined with microbroth dilution tests employing microtitre plates with 21 different antimicrobial drugs. Molecular characterisation was done with a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targeted the yliE and EFER_1569 genes. E. fergusonii strains were confirmed by the presence of a 233 bp segment of the yliE gene and a 432 bp segment of the EFER_1569 gene. Twenty-three E. coli-like bacteria were confirmed as E. fergusonii based on the confirmatory tests and they were in 100% agreement. Approximately 87% of them were resistant to polymyxins B and E (colistin) as well as the carbapenem group with occasional resistance to amikacin. This is the first reported isolation and identification of E. fergusonii strains in non-human primates. The findings point to E. fergusonii as a possible emerging pathogen of zoonotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glover
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Jeanette Wentzel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Akinbowale Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Moritz Van Vuuren
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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79
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Rapozo DCM, Bernardazzi C, de Souza HSP. Diet and microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut in disharmony. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2124-2140. [PMID: 28405140 PMCID: PMC5374124 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of the gut shapes both the local and the systemic immune response and is implicated in the modulation of immunity in both healthy and disease states. Recently, quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been detected in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, reinforcing the hypothesis of dysbiosis as a relevant mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Humans and microbes have co-existed and co-evolved for a long time in a mutually beneficial symbiotic association essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the microbiome is dynamic, changing with age and in response to environmental modifications. Among such environmental factors, food and alimentary habits, progressively altered in modern societies, appear to be critical modulators of the microbiota, contributing to or co-participating in dysbiosis. In addition, food constituents such as micronutrients are important regulators of mucosal immunity, with direct or indirect effects on the gut microbiota. Moreover, food constituents have recently been shown to modulate epigenetic mechanisms, which can result in increased risk for the development and progression of IBD. Therefore, it is likely that a better understanding of the role of different food components in intestinal homeostasis and the resident microbiota will be essential for unravelling the complex molecular basis of the epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis as well as for offering dietary interventions with minimal side effects.
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80
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Hata H, Natori T, Mizuno T, Kanazawa I, Eldesouky I, Hayashi M, Miyata M, Fukunaga H, Ohji S, Hosoyama A, Aono E, Yamazoe A, Tsuchikane K, Fujita N, Ezaki T. Phylogenetics of family Enterobacteriaceae and proposal to reclassify Escherichia hermannii and Salmonella subterranea as Atlantibacter hermannii and Atlantibacter subterranea gen. nov., comb. nov. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:303-11. [PMID: 26970508 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus sequence analysis based on hypervariable housekeeping proteins was utilized to differentiate closely related species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Of 150 housekeeping proteins, the top 10 hypervariable proteins were selected and concatenated to obtain distance data. Distances between concatenated proteins within the family were 0.9-41.2%, whereas the 16S rRNA and atpD-gyrB-infB-rpoB concatenated sequence (4MLSA) distances were 0.8-6.0% and 0.9-22.1%, respectively. These data indicate that phylogenetic analysis by concatenation of hypervariable proteins is a powerful tool for discriminating species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. To confirm the discriminatory power of the 10 chosen concatenated hypervariable proteins (C10HKP), phylogenetic trees based on C10HKP, 4MLSA, and the 16S rRNA gene were constructed. Comparison of average bootstrap values among C10HKP, 4MLSA and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the C10HKP tree was the most reliable. Location via the C10HKP tree was consistent with existing assignments for almost all species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. However, the C10HKP tree suggested that several species (including Enterobacter massiliensis, Escherichia vulneris, Escherichia hermannii, and Salmonella subterranea) should be reassigned to different clusters than those defined in previous analyses. Furthermore, E. hermannii and S. subterranea appeared to fall onto a branch independent from those occupied by the other Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, we propose Atlantibacter gen. nov., such that E. hermannii and S. subterranea would be transferred to genus Atlantibacter as Atlantibacter hermannii, comb. nov. and Atlantibacter subterranea. comb. nov., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hata
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Natori
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Izumi Kanazawa
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ibrahim Eldesouky
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194
| | - Machiko Miyata
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hajime Fukunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shoko Ohji
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Hosoyama
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Eiji Aono
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamazoe
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuchikane
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ezaki
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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81
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Escherichia albertii, a novel human enteropathogen, colonizes rat enterocytes and translocates to extra-intestinal sites. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171385. [PMID: 28178312 PMCID: PMC5298312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death of children up to five years old in the developing countries. Among the etiological diarrheal agents are atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), one of the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes that affects children and adults, even in developed countries. Currently, genotypic and biochemical approaches have helped to demonstrate that some strains classified as aEPEC are actually E. albertii, a recently recognized human enteropathogen. Studies on particular strains are necessary to explore their virulence potential in order to further understand the underlying mechanisms of E. albertii infections. Here we demonstrated for the first time that infection of fragments of rat intestinal mucosa is a useful tool to study the initial steps of E. albertii colonization. We also observed that an E. albertii strain can translocate from the intestinal lumen to Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and liver in a rat model. Based on our finding of bacterial translocation, we investigated how E. albertii might cross the intestinal epithelium by performing infections of M-like cells in vitro to identify the potential in vivo translocation route. Altogether, our approaches allowed us to draft a general E. albertii infection route from the colonization till the bacterial spreading in vivo.
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82
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Hinenoya A, Yasuda N, Hibino T, Shima A, Nagita A, Tsukamoto T, Yamasaki S. Isolation and Characterization of an Escherichia albertii Strain Producing Three Different Toxins from a Child with Diarrhea. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:252-257. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Noritomo Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takumi Hibino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima General Hospital
| | - Teizo Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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83
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Robins-Browne RM, Holt KE, Ingle DJ, Hocking DM, Yang J, Tauschek M. Are Escherichia coli Pathotypes Still Relevant in the Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:141. [PMID: 27917373 PMCID: PMC5114240 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The empirical and pragmatic nature of diagnostic microbiology has given rise to several different schemes to subtype E.coli, including biotyping, serotyping, and pathotyping. These schemes have proved invaluable in identifying and tracking outbreaks, and for prognostication in individual cases of infection, but they are imprecise and potentially misleading due to the malleability and continuous evolution of E. coli. Whole genome sequencing can be used to accurately determine E. coli subtypes that are based on allelic variation or differences in gene content, such as serotyping and pathotyping. Whole genome sequencing also provides information about single nucleotide polymorphisms in the core genome of E. coli, which form the basis of sequence typing, and is more reliable than other systems for tracking the evolution and spread of individual strains. A typing scheme for E. coli based on genome sequences that includes elements of both the core and accessory genomes, should reduce typing anomalies and promote understanding of how different varieties of E. coli spread and cause disease. Such a scheme could also define pathotypes more precisely than current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M Robins-Browne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Centre for Systems Genomics, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle J Ingle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Systems Genomics, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dianna M Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marija Tauschek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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84
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Jones-Ibarra AM, Wall KR, Vuia-Riser J, Kerth CR, Castillo A, Taylor TM. Escherichia albertii Inactivation following l-Lactic Acid Exposure or Cooking in Ground Beef. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1475-1481. [PMID: 28221930 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen recovered from young children and adults exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis via pathogenesis factors including attaching and effacing lesions, cytolethal distending toxin, and Shiga toxin variants. Study objectives were to determine E. albertii survival following (i) exposure to lactic acid as a function of solution pH and incubation period and (ii) cooking ground beef patties to different endpoint temperatures. E. albertii was incubated in phosphate buffer containing 3.0% l-lactic acid adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 7.0; survivors were determined every 30 min for 150 min. Ground beef patties (80% lean) were cooked to temperature endpoints simulating undercooking (62°C), the minimum temperature for safe cooking (71.1°C), and cooking to well done (76°C). Maximal pathogen reduction was observed after a 30-min exposure to pH 3.0 l-lactic acid. Reductions of 3.9, 4.4, and 4.9 log CFU/g were obtained following cooking ground beef patties to 62, 71.1, and 76°C, respectively, but the reductions did not differ as a function of the endpoint cooking temperature (P ≥ 0.05). E. albertii may be controlled on beef through the proper application of antimicrobial interventions and cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie M Jones-Ibarra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Kayley R Wall
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Jennifer Vuia-Riser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Chris R Kerth
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Matthew Taylor
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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85
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Abstract
In 2009, five monophyletic Escherichia clades were described and referred to as "cryptic" based on the inability to distinguish them from representative E. coli isolates using diagnostic biochemical reactions. Since this original publication, a number of studies have explored the genomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic diversity of cryptic clade isolates to better understand their phylogenetic, physiological, and ecological distinctiveness with respect to previously named Escherichia species. This chapter reviews the original discovery of the cryptic clades, discusses available evidence that some are environmentally adapted, and evaluates current support for taxonomic designations of these microorganisms. The importance of these clades to clinical research, epidemiology, population genetics, and microbial speciation is also discussed.
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86
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Alikunhi NM, Batang ZB, AlJahdali HA, Aziz MAM, Al-Suwailem AM. Culture-dependent bacteria in commercial fishes: Qualitative assessment and molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:1105-1116. [PMID: 28855801 PMCID: PMC5562490 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish contamination has been extensively investigated along the Saudi coasts, but studies pertaining to bacterial pathogens are scarce. We conducted qualitative assessment and molecular identification of culture-dependent bacteria in 13 fish species from three coastal sites and a local fish market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bacterial counts of gills, skin, gut and muscle were examined on agar plates of Macconkey’s (Mac), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS) culture media. Bacterial counts significantly differed between species, sources and feeding habits of examined fishes. Mugil cephalus exhibited higher counts on TCBS (all body parts), Mac (gills, muscle and gut) and EMB (gills and muscle). Fishes from Area I had higher bacterial loads, coinciding with those in seawater and sediment from the same site, indicating direct association between habitat conditions and the levels of bacterial contamination. By feeding habit, detritivorous fish harbored higher counts than herbivorous and carnivorous species. Bacterial counts of skin were higher in fish from market than field sites, and positively correlated with other body parts indicating the relation of surface bacterial load on the overall quality of fish. Rahnella aquatilis (Enterobacteriaceae) and Photobacterium damselae (Vibrionaceae) were among the dominant species from fish muscle based on 16S rRNA sequencing. These species are known human pathogens capable of causing foodborne illness with severe antibiotic resistance. Opportunistic pathogens, e.g. Hafnia sp. (Enterobacteriaceae) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (Pseudomonadaceae) also occurred in fish muscle. The inclusion of bacterial contamination in future monitoring efforts is thus crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel M Alikunhi
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zenon B Batang
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham A AlJahdali
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A M Aziz
- Directorate of Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Al-Suwailem
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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87
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Genetic Diversity of O-Antigens in Hafnia alvei and the Development of a Suspension Array for Serotype Detection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155115. [PMID: 27171009 PMCID: PMC4869667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hafnia alvei is a facultative and rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium
that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although it has been
more than 50 years since the genus was identified, very little is known about
variations among Hafnia species. Diversity in O-antigens
(O-polysaccharide, OPS) is thought to be a major factor in bacterial adaptation to
different hosts and situations and variability in the environment. Antigenic
variation is also an important factor in pathogenicity that has been used to define
clones within a number of species. The genes that are required to synthesize OPS are
always clustered within the bacterial chromosome. A serotyping scheme including 39
O-serotypes has been proposed for H. alvei, but it
has not been correlated with known OPS structures, and no previous report has
described the genetic features of OPS. In this study, we obtained the genome
sequences of 21 H. alvei strains (as defined by
previous immunochemical studies) with different lipopolysaccharides. This is the
first study to show that the O-antigen gene cluster in H.
alvei is located between mpo and
gnd in the chromosome. All 21 of the OPS gene clusters contain
both the wzx gene and the wzy gene and display a
large number of polymorphisms. We developed an O serotype-specific
wzy-based suspension array to detect all 21 of the distinct OPS
forms we identified in H. alvei. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first report to identify the genetic features of
H. alvei antigenic variation and to develop a
molecular technique to identify and classify different serotypes.
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88
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Egan M, Ramirez J, Xander C, Upreti C, Bhatt S. Lambda Red-mediated Recombineering in the Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:3. [PMID: 26843851 PMCID: PMC4739404 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-015-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to introduce site-specific mutations in bacterial pathogens is essential towards understanding their molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity. This has been greatly facilitated by the genetic engineering technique of recombineering. In recombineering, linear double- or single-stranded DNA molecules with two terminal homology arms are electroporated into hyperrecombinogenic bacteria that express a phage-encoded recombinase. The recombinase catalyzes the replacement of the endogenous allele with the exogenous allele to generate selectable or screenable recombinants. In particular, lambda red recombinase has been instrumental in engineering mutations to characterize the virulence arsenal of the attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and Citrobacter rodentium. Escherichia albertii is another member of this taxon; however, the virulence of E. albertii remains cryptic despite accumulating evidence that E. albertii is an emerging pathogen. Multiple retrospective studies have reported that a substantial number of EPEC and EHEC isolates (~15 %) that were previously incriminated in human outbreaks actually belong to the E. albertii lineage. Thus, there is increased urgency to reliably identify and rapidly engineer mutations in E. albertii to systematically characterize its virulence determinants. To the best of our knowledge not a single chromosomal gene has been altered by targeted mutagenesis in E. albertii since it was first isolated almost 25 years ago. This is disconcerting because an E. albertii outbreak could cause significant morbidity and mortality owing to our inadequate understanding of its virulence program. Results In this report we describe a modified lambda red recombineering protocol to mutagenize E. albertii. As proof of principle, we successfully deleted three distinct virulence-associated genetic loci – ler, grlRA, and hfq – and replaced each wild type allele by a mutant allele with an encodable drug resistance cassette bracketed by FRT sites. Subsequently, the FRT-site flanked drug resistance marker was evicted by FLP-dependent site-specific recombination to generate excisants containing a solitary FRT site. Conclusions Our protocol will enable researchers to construct marked and unmarked genome-wide mutations in E. albertii, which, in turn, will illuminate its molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and aid in developing appropriate preventative and therapeutic approaches to combat E. albertii outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Egan
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Department of Mathematics, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
| | - Jasmine Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Present address: Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, 221 Johnson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christian Xander
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Present address: Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Chirag Upreti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia, USA ; Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shantanu Bhatt
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
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89
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The Biological Fight Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa. NEW WEAPONS TO CONTROL BACTERIAL GROWTH 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28368-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The animal gastrointestinal tract is a tube with two open ends; hence, from the microbial point of view it constitutes an open system, as opposed to the circulatory system that must be a tightly closed microbial-free environment. In particular, the human intestine spans ca. 200 m2 and represents a massive absorptive surface composed of a layer of epithelial cells as well as a paracellular barrier. The permeability of this paracellular barrier is regulated by transmembrane proteins known as claudins that play a critical role in tight junctions.
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90
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Ooka T, Ogura Y, Katsura K, Seto K, Kobayashi H, Kawano K, Tokuoka E, Furukawa M, Harada S, Yoshino S, Seto J, Ikeda T, Yamaguchi K, Murase K, Gotoh Y, Imuta N, Nishi J, Gomes TA, Beutin L, Hayashi T. Defining the Genome Features of Escherichia albertii, an Emerging Enteropathogen Closely Related to Escherichia coli. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:3170-9. [PMID: 26537224 PMCID: PMC4700944 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized close relative of Escherichia coli. This emerging enteropathogen possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, similar to enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC). Shiga toxin-producing strains have also been identified. The genomic features of E. albertii, particularly differences from other Escherichia species, have not yet been well clarified. Here, we sequenced the genome of 29 E. albertii strains (3 complete and 26 draft sequences) isolated from multiple sources and performed intraspecies and intragenus genomic comparisons. The sizes of the E. albertii genomes range from 4.5 to 5.1 Mb, smaller than those of E. coli strains. Intraspecies genomic comparisons identified five phylogroups of E. albertii. Intragenus genomic comparison revealed that the possible core genome of E. albertii comprises 3,250 genes, whereas that of the genus Escherichia comprises 1,345 genes. Our analysis further revealed several unique or notable genetic features of E. albertii, including those responsible for known biochemical features and virulence factors and a possibly active second T3SS known as ETT2 (E. coli T3SS 2) that is inactivated in E. coli. Although this organism has been observed to be nonmotile in vitro, genes for flagellar biosynthesis are fully conserved; chemotaxis-related genes have been selectively deleted. Based on these results, we have developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to directly detect E. albertii. Our data define the genomic features of E. albertii and provide a valuable basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katsura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Division of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tokuoka
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Furukawa
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Harada
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoshino
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junji Seto
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infection Diseases Bacteriology, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Infection Diseases Bacteriology, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tânia A Gomes
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Lothar Beutin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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91
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Inglis T, Merritt A, Bzdyl N, Lansley S, Urosevic M. First bacteraemic human infection with Escherichia albertii. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:171-3. [PMID: 27257499 PMCID: PMC4877401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The facultative anaerobic Gram-negative species Escherichia albertii has been isolated from human faeces in gastrointestinal infection and from a range of wild bird species. Here we report the first case of a febrile infection associated with E. albertii bacteraemia in a 76-year-old woman with gastric dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.J.J. Inglis
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author: T.J.J. Inglis, Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QE2 Medical Campus, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - A.J. Merritt
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N. Bzdyl
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. Lansley
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M.N. Urosevic
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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92
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Maeda E, Murakami K, Okamoto F, Etoh Y, Sera N, Ito K, Fujimoto S. Nonspecificity of primers for Escherichia albertii detection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 67:503-5. [PMID: 25410570 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Maeda
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
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93
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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:3-31. [PMID: 25567220 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. This article is an update of Cumitech 12A (P. H. Gilligan, J. M. Janda, M. A. Karmali, and J. M. Miller, Cumitech 12A, Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
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94
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Prevalence of eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting Escherichia albertii from retail raw meat in China. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:45-52. [PMID: 26004066 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a newly emerging enteric pathogen that has been associated with gastroenteritis in humans. Recently, E. albertii has also been detected in healthy and sick birds, animals, chicken meat and water. In the present study, the prevalence and characteristics of the eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting E. albertii strains in retail raw meat in China were evaluated. Thirty isolates of such strains of E. albertii were identified from 446 (6·73%) samples, including duck intestines (21·43%, 6/28), duck meat (9·52%, 2/21), chicken intestines (8·99%, 17/189), chicken meat (5·66%, 3/53), mutton meat (4·55%, 1/22) and pork meat (2·44%, 1/41). None was isolated from 92 samples of raw beef meat. Strains were identified as E. albertii by phenotypic properties, diagnostic PCR, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and housekeeping genes. Five intimin subtypes were harboured by these strains. All strains possessed the II/III/V subtype group of the cdtB gene, with two strains carrying another copy of the I/IV subtype group. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity of E. albertii in raw meats. Our findings indicate that E. albertii can contaminate various raw meats, posing a potential threat to public health.
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95
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Liu S, Jin D, Lan R, Wang Y, Meng Q, Dai H, Lu S, Hu S, Xu J. Escherichia marmotae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Marmota himalayana. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:2130-2134. [PMID: 25851592 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic position of a group of seven closely related lactose-negative enterobacterial strains, which were isolated from fresh faecal samples of Marmota himalayana collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, China, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile, short rods (0.5-1 × 1-2.5 μm). By 16S rRNA gene sequences, the representative strain, HT073016(T), showed highest similarity values with Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469(T) at 99.3%, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775(T) at 99.2%, Escherichia albertii LMG 20976(T) at 98.9%, Escherichia hermannii CIP 103176(T) at 98.4%, and Escherichia vulneris ATCC 33821(T) at 97.7%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the seven strains formed a monophyletic group with five other species of the genus Escherichia. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization studies between strain HT073016(T) and five other species of the genus Escherichia showed that it shared less than 70% DNA-DNA relatedness with all known species of the genus Escherichia, supporting the novel species status of the strain. The DNA G+C content of strain HT073016(T) was 53.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain HT073016(T) and the six other HT073016(T)-like strains were clearly distinct from the type strains of other recognized species of the genus Escherichia and represent a novel species of the genus Escherichia, for which the name Escherichia marmotae sp. nov. is proposed, with HT073016(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12862(T) = DSM 28771(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hang Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shoukui Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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96
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Abstract
Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cause a well-characterized spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and fatal typhoidal fever. These pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness in the United States each year, with substantial costs measured in hospitalizations and lost productivity. In the developing world, illness caused by these pathogens is not only more prevalent but also associated with a greater case-fatality rate. Classic methods for identification rely on selective media and serology, but newer methods based on mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction show great promise for routine clinical testing.
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97
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Maeda E, Murakami K, Sera N, Ito K, Fujimoto S. Detection of Escherichia albertii from chicken meat and giblets. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:871-3. [PMID: 25754935 PMCID: PMC4527513 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii occasionally causes food-borne outbreaks of
gastroenteritis in humans; however, little is known about the vehicle of transmission. To
screen retail chicken products for the presence of E. albertii, 104
retail chicken products were investigated. Portions of enrichment cultures that were
PCR-positive for E. albertii (n=3) were sub-cultured on agar medium. Only
2 strains obtained from 2 chicken giblet samples were identified as E.
albertii by multi locus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
showed that 1 strain was resistant to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole. Both strains
harbored the virulence genes cdt and eae. This study is
the first description of E. albertii isolation from retail food,
suggesting that chicken products are a potential vehicle of E. albertii
transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Maeda
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
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98
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99
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Asoshima N, Matsuda M, Shigemura K, Honda M, Yoshida H, Oda T, Hiwaki H. Isolation of Escherichia albertii from Raw Chicken Liver in Fukuoka City, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:248-50. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute for Hygiene and the Environment
| | | | - Takahiro Oda
- Food & Nutrition Division, College Faculty, Nakamura Gakuen University
| | - Hiroshi Hiwaki
- Fukuoka City Hall, Housing & Urban Planning Bureau, Greenery City Department
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100
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Evaluating the occurrence of Escherichia albertii in chicken carcass rinses by PCR, Vitek analysis, and sequencing of the rpoB gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1727-34. [PMID: 25548040 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03681-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently described species that has been associated with gastroenteritis in humans and with healthy and ill birds. Most recently, it has been identified as the causative agent in a food-borne outbreak in Japan. The distribution and clinical importance of E. albertii are not well studied because its importance is unclear. Culture methods for clinical isolation frequently miss E. albertii or incorrectly identify it as Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, or Hafnia alvei. This study was designed to determine if E. albertii could be recovered from chicken carcass rinses collected at slaughter during a 1-year period from November 2009 until October 2010. Colonies were isolated from chicken carcass rinses and tested by PCR for the presence or absence of clpX, lysP, mdh, intimin (eae), Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1, stx2, and stx2f), heat-stable enterotoxin A (staA), and cytolethal distending toxins 1 and 2 (cdtB) genes. Sixty-five isolates were analyzed by sequencing a section of the rpoB gene. Analysis of the rpoB gene sequences revealed 14 fixed differences between E. albertii and other, closely related organisms. The fixed differences found in the rpoB gene could aid in future discrimination of E. albertii from closely related bacteria.
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