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Boyd SM, Rhinehardt KL, Ewunkem AJ, Harrison SH, Thomas MD, Graves JL. Experimental Evolution of Copper Resistance in Escherichia coli Produces Evolutionary Trade-Offs in the Antibiotics Chloramphenicol, Bacitracin, and Sulfonamide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060711. [PMID: 35740118 PMCID: PMC9219993 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistant bacteria have prompted the need for antibiotic alternatives. To address this problem, significant attention has been given to the antimicrobial use and novel applications of copper. As novel applications of antimicrobial copper increase, it is important to investigate how bacteria may adapt to copper over time. Here, we used experimental evolution with re-sequencing (EER-seq) and RNA-sequencing to study the evolution of copper resistance in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, we tested whether copper resistance led to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and/or sulfonamide resistance. Our results demonstrate that E. coli is capable of rapidly evolving resistance to CuSO4 after 37 days of selection. We also identified multiple de novo mutations and differential gene expression patterns associated with copper, most notably those mutations identified in the cpx gene. Furthermore, we found that the copper resistant bacteria had decreased sensitivity when compared to the ancestors in the presence of chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and sulfonamide. Our data suggest that the selection of copper resistance may inhibit growth in the antimicrobials tested, resulting in evolutionary trade-offs. The results of our study may have important implications as we consider the antimicrobial use of copper and how bacteria may respond to increased use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sada M. Boyd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristen L. Rhinehardt
- Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Akamu J. Ewunkem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston Salem State University, 601 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Win-ston-Salem, NC 27110, USA;
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
| | - Misty D. Thomas
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
| | - Joseph L. Graves
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
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Richard D, Roumagnac P, Pruvost O, Lefeuvre P. A network approach to decipher the dynamics of Lysobacteraceae plasmid gene sharing. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:2660-2673. [PMID: 35593155 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids provide an efficient vehicle for gene sharing among bacterial populations, playing a key role in bacterial evolution. Network approaches are particularly suitable to represent multipartite relationships and are useful tools to characterize plasmid-mediated gene sharing events. The Lysobacteraceae bacterial family gathers plant commensal, plant pathogenic and opportunistic human pathogens for which plasmid mediated adaptation was reported. We searched for homologues of plasmid gene sequences from this family in all the diversity of available bacterial genome sequences and built a network of plasmid gene sharing from the results. While plasmid genes are openly shared between the bacteria of the Lysobacteraceae family, taxonomy strongly defined the boundaries of these exchanges, that only barely reached other families. Most inferred plasmid gene sharing events involved a few genes only, and evidence of full plasmid transfers were restricted to taxonomically close taxon. We detected multiple plasmid-chromosome gene transfers, among which the otherwise known sharing of a heavy metal resistance transposon. In the network, bacterial lifestyles shaped sub-structures of isolates colonizing specific ecological niches and harboring specific types of resistance genes. Genes associated to pathogenicity or antibiotic and metal resistance were among those that most importantly structured the network, highlighting the imprints of human-mediated selective pressure on pathogenic populations. A massive sequencing effort on environmental Lysobacteraceae is therefore required to refine our understanding on how this reservoir fuels the emergence and the spread of genes amongst this family and its potential impact on plant, animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richard
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Réunion, France.,ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, F-97410 St Pierre, Réunion, France.,Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - P Roumagnac
- Montpellier, France.,PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - O Pruvost
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - P Lefeuvre
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, Réunion, France
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First Report on the Phenotypic and Genotypic Susceptibility Profiles to Silver Nitrate in Bacterial Strains Isolated from Infected Leg Ulcers in Romanian Patients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver-ion-based antiseptics are widely used in treating chronic leg ulcers and, given the emergence of resistance to such compounds, the investigation of silver susceptibility and resistance profiles of pathogenic strains isolated from this type of wound is a topic of great interest. Therefore, in this study, 125 bacterial strains isolated from 103 patients with venous ulcers were investigated to elucidate their susceptibility to silver-nitrate solutions in planktonic and biofilm growth states, and the associated genetic determinants. The isolated strains, both in the planktonic and biofilm growth phases, showed high sensitivity to the standard concentration of 1/6000 silver-nitrate solution. It was noticed that even at concentrations lower than the clinical one (the first 2–3 binary dilutions in the case of planktonic cultures and the first 6–7 binary dilutions in the case of biofilms), the antiseptic solution proved to maintain its antibacterial activity. The phenotypic results were correlated with the genetic analysis, highlighting the presence of silver-resistance genes (sil operon) in only a few of the tested Staphylococcus sp. (especially in S. aureus) strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These results demonstrate that despite its large use, this antiseptic remains a viable treatment alternative for the management of chronic leg wounds.
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Woolley CA, Sutton JM, Wand ME. Mutations in SilS and CusS/OmpC represent different routes to achieve high level silver ion tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35468722 PMCID: PMC9036812 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver ions have potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and are widely incorporated into a variety of products to limit bacterial growth. In Enterobacteriaceae, decreased silver susceptibility has been mapped to two homologous operons; the chromosomally located cus operon and the plasmid based sil operon. Here we characterised the mechanisms and clinical impact of induced silver tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results In K. pneumoniae carriage of the sil operon alone does not give elevated silver tolerance. However, when exposed to increasing concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3), K. pneumoniae strains which contain the sil operon, will preferentially mutate SilS, resulting in overexpression of the genes encoding the RND efflux pump silCBA. Those strains which do not carry the sil operon also adapt upon exposure to increasing silver concentrations through mutations in another two-component regulator CusS. Secondary mutations leading to disruption of the outer membrane porin OmpC were also detected. Both routes result in a high level of silver tolerance with MIC’s of >512 mg/L. When exposed to a high concentration of AgNO3 (400 mg/L), only strains that contained the sil operon were able to survive, again through mutations in SilS. The AgNO3 adapted strains were also resistant to killing by challenge with several clinical and commercial silver containing dressings. Conclusions This study shows that K. pneumoniae has two possible pathways for development of increased silver tolerance but that the sil operon is preferentially mutated. This operon is essential when K. pneumoniae is exposed to high concentrations of silver. The potential clinical impact on wound management is shown by the increased survivability of these adapted strains when exposed to several silver impregnated dressings. This would make infections with these strains more difficult to treat and further limits our therapeutic options. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02532-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Woolley
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
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Metagenomic insights into the microbial community structure and resistomes of a tropical agricultural soil persistently inundated with pesticide and animal manure use. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:707-719. [PMID: 35415828 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Persistent use of pesticides and animal manure in agricultural soils inadvertently introduced heavy metals and antibiotic/antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the soil with deleterious consequences. The microbiome and heavy metal and antibiotic resistome of a pesticide and animal manure inundated agricultural soil (SL6) obtained from a vegetable farm at Otte, Eiyenkorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, was deciphered via shotgun metagenomics and functional annotation of putative ORFs (open reading frames). Structural metagenomics of SL6 microbiome revealed 29 phyla, 49 classes, 94 orders, 183 families, 366 genera, 424 species, and 260 strains with the preponderance of the phyla Proteobacteria (40%) and Actinobacteria (36%), classes Actinobacteria (36%), Alphaproteobacteria (18%), and Gammaproteobacteria (17%), and genera Kocuria (16%), Sphingobacterium (11%), and Brevundimonas (10%), respectively. Heavy metal resistance genes annotation conducted using Biocide and Metal Resistance Gene Database (BacMet) revealed the detection of genes responsible for the uptake, transport, detoxification, efflux, and regulation of copper, cadmium, zinc, nickel, chromium, cobalt, selenium, tungsten, mercury, and several others. ARG annotation using the Antibiotic Resistance Gene-annotation (ARG-ANNOT) revealed ARGs for 11 antibiotic classes with the preponderance of β-lactamases, mobilized colistin resistance determinant (mcr-1), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes, among others. The persistent use of pesticide and animal manure is strongly believed to play a major role in the proliferation of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes in the soil. This study revealed that agricultural soils inundated with pesticide and animal manure use are potential hotspots for ARG spread and may accentuate the spread of multidrug resistant clinical pathogens.
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Yakobov I, Mandato A, Hofmann L, Singewald K, Shenberger Y, Gevorkyan‐Airapetov L, Saxena S, Ruthstein S. Allostery‐driven changes in dynamics regulate the activation of bacterial copper transcription factor. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4309. [PMID: 35481642 PMCID: PMC9004249 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metalloregulators bind and respond to metal ions by regulating the transcription of metal homeostasis genes. Copper efflux regulator (CueR) is a copper‐responsive metalloregulator that is found in numerous Gram‐negative bacteria. Upon Cu(I) coordination, CueR initiates transcription by bending the bound DNA promoter regions facilitating interaction with RNA polymerase. The structure of Escherichia coli CueR in presence of DNA and metal ion has been reported using X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐EM, providing information about the mechanism of action. However, the specific role of copper in controlling this transcription mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we use room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments to follow allosterically driven dynamical changes in E. coli CueR induced by Cu(I) binding. We suggest that more than one Cu(I) ion binds per CueR monomer, leading to changes in site‐specific dynamics at the Cu(I) binding domain and at the distant DNA binding site. Interestingly, Cu(I) binding leads to an increase in dynamics about 27 Å away at the DNA binding domain. These changes in the dynamics of the DNA binding domain are important for exact coordination with the DNA. Thus, Cu(I) binding is critical to initiate a series of conformational changes that regulate and initiate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Yakobov
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Faculty of exact sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Alysia Mandato
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Faculty of exact sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Kevin Singewald
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Yulia Shenberger
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Faculty of exact sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Lada Gevorkyan‐Airapetov
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Faculty of exact sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Sunil Saxena
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Faculty of exact sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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Whole genome sequence of Salmonella Rissen SCSW714, a porcine strain harbouring a novel multidrug-resistant Tn7-like pco- and sil-containing transposon. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:307-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Antimicrobial Activity of Silver, Copper, and Zinc Ions/Poly(Acrylate/Itaconic Acid) Hydrogel Matrices. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and use of new potent and specific antimicrobial systems are of crucial importance in the medical field. This will help relieve, fight, and eradicate infections and thus improve human health. The use of metals in various forms as antimicrobial therapeutics has been known since ancient times. In this sense, polymeric hydrogel matrices as multifunctional materials and in combination with various metal forms can be a great alternative to conventional treatments for infections. Hydrogels possess high hydrophilicity, specific three-dimensional networks, fine biocompatibility, and cell adhesion and are therefore suitable as materials for the loading of active antimicrobial agents and acting in antimicrobial areas. The biocompatible nature of hydrogels’ matrices makes them a convenient starting platform to develop biocompatible, selective, active controlled-release antimicrobial materials. Hydrogels based on acrylate and itaconic acid were synthesized and loaded with silver (Ag+), copper (Cu2+), and zinc (Zn2+) ions as a controlled release and antimicrobial system to test release properties and antimicrobial activity in contact with microbes. The metal ions/hydrogel systems exhibited favorable biocompatibility, release profiles, and antimicrobial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans microbes, and have shown that they have the capacity to “fight” with the life-threatening infections. Antimicrobial activity depends on types of metal ions, the composition of polymeric matrices, as well as the types of microbes. Designed metal ions/poly(acrylate/itaconic acid) antimicrobial systems have shown to have good potential as antimicrobial therapeutics and suitable biomaterials for medical applications.
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Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030328. [PMID: 35326791 PMCID: PMC8944441 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare. As with antibiotics, the global incidence of heavy metal tolerance in commensal, as well as in ExPEC, has increased following the ban in several countries of antibiotics as promoters of animal growth. Furthermore, it is believed that extensive bacterial exposure to heavy metals present in soil and water might have favored the increase in heavy-metal-tolerant microorganisms. The isolation of ExPEC strains with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals has become quite common and, remarkably, it has been recently shown that heavy metal resistance genes may co-select antibiotic-resistance genes. Despite their clinical relevance, the mechanisms underlining the development and spread of heavy metal tolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to present data regarding the development and spread of resistance to first-line antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, as well as tolerance to heavy metals in ExPEC strains.
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Zhou H, Luan W, Wang Y, Song Y, Xu H, Tang X, Ma Y, Cui X, Shi J, Shen K, Yu L. The combination of cloxacillin, thioridazine and tetracycline protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis by inhibiting α-Hemolysin-induced MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:1-10. [PMID: 34963621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is difficult to fight, previous experimental reports have demonstrated thioridazine (TZ) and tetracycline (TC) is an inhibitor of S. aureus efflux pump NorA and autolysin Atl, respectively, here, by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we observed that thioridazine (TZ) and tetracycline (TC) blocked the binding of substrates to NorA and Atl, respectively, and reduced their activities, and our antibacterial susceptibility test and three-dimensional checkerboard method showed that the three-drug combination of antibiotic cloxacillin (CXN), TZ and TC had a synergistic anti-Staphylococcal activity in vitro, and α-Hemolysin tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that the three-drug combination and the subinhibitory concentration of the combination significantly inhibited the secretion of α-hemolysin relative to the number of membrane-derived vesicles produced by S. aureus. Whereas Western blot and pharmacological inhibition assays showed that the three-drug combination significantly inhibited the expression of MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 proteins in macrophages induced with S. aureus α-hemolysin. In vivo, the drug combination significantly reduced bacterial colony-forming unit counts in the viscera of a mouse peritonitis model of S. aureus infection, therapy reduced the primary inflammatory pathology and the bacteria-stimulated release of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and inhibited the expression of MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 proteins in peritoneal macrophages. Thus, the combination of efflux pump inhibitor, autolysis inhibitor and antibiotic, is a novel anti-Staphylococcal and anti-inflammatory strategy who owning good antibacterial activity and significant inhibiting staphylococcal α-hemolysin and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjing Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuli Song
- Shenzhen Liyunde Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hongyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yunxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinhua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Keshu Shen
- Jilin Hepatobiliary Hospital, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Human-Animal Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Interventional Therapy of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Vats P, Kaur UJ, Rishi P. Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4058-4076. [PMID: 35170159 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is recognized as a global threat to public health. The selection and evolution of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens was believed to be majorly driven by the imprudent use of antibiotics. However, concerns regarding the same, through selection pressure by a multitude of other antimicrobial agents, such as heavy metals, are also growing. Heavy metal contamination co-selects antibiotic and metal resistance through numerous mechanisms, such as co-resistance and cross-resistance. Here, we have reviewed the role of heavy metals as antimicrobial resistance driving agents and the underlying concept and mechanisms of co-selection, while also highlighting the scarcity in studies explicitly inspecting the process of co-selection in clinical settings. Prospective strategies to manage heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance have also been deliberated, underlining the need to find specific inhibitors so that alternate medicinal combinations can be added to the existing therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Vats
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Jit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Virieux-Petit M, Hammer-Dedet F, Aujoulat F, Jumas-Bilak E, Romano-Bertrand S. From Copper Tolerance to Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa towards Patho-Adaptation and Hospital Success. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020301. [PMID: 35205346 PMCID: PMC8872213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hospital environment constitutes a reservoir of opportunistic pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Pa persistence within technological niches, the increasing emergence of epidemic high-risk clones in HCAI, the epidemiological link between plumbing strains and clinical strains, make it a major nosocomial pathogen. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of Pa adaptation to hospital water systems would be useful in preventing HCAI. This review deciphers how copper resistance contributes to Pa adaptation and persistence in a hospital environment, especially within copper water systems, and ultimately to its success as a causative agent of HCAI. Numerous factors are involved in copper homeostasis in Pa, among which active efflux conferring copper tolerance, and copper-binding proteins regulating the copper compartmentalization between periplasm and cytoplasm. The functional harmony of copper homeostasis is regulated by several transcriptional regulators. The genomic island GI-7 appeared as especially responsible for the copper resistance in Pa. Mechanisms of copper and antibiotic cross-resistance and co-resistance are also identified, with potential co-regulation processes between them. Finally, copper resistance of Pa confers selective advantages in colonizing and persisting in hospital environments but also appears as an asset at the host/pathogen interface that helps in HCAI occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Virieux-Petit
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Florence Hammer-Dedet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Fabien Aujoulat
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
- Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control Team, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Romano-Bertrand
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.V.-P.); (F.H.-D.); (F.A.); (E.J.-B.)
- Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control Team, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
- UMR 5151 HSM, Equipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-11-75-94-30
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Deferasirox pyridine solvate and its Cu(II) complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, antimicrobial assays and antioxidant activity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pareek V, Gupta R, Devineau S, Sivasankaran SK, Bhargava A, Khan MA, Srikumar S, Fanning S, Panwar J. Does Silver in Different Forms Affect Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance? A Mechanistic Perspective. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:801-817. [PMID: 35073697 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional increase in antibiotic resistance in past decades motivated the scientific community to use silver as a potential antibacterial agent. However, due to its unknown antibacterial mechanism and the pattern of bacterial resistance to silver species, it has not been revolutionized in the health sector. This study deciphers mechanistic aspects of silver species, i.e., ions and lysozyme-coated silver nanoparticles (L-Ag NPs), against E. coli K12 through RNA sequencing analysis. The obtained results support the reservoir nature of nanoparticles for the controlled release of silver ions into bacteria. This study differentiates between the antibacterial mechanism of silver species by discussing the pathway of their entry in bacteria, sequence of events inside cells, and response of bacteria to overcome silver stress. Controlled release of ions from L-Ag NPs not only reduces bacterial growth but also reduces the likelihood of resistance development. Conversely, direct exposure of silver ions, leads to rapid activation of the bacterial defense system leading to development of resistance against silver ions, like the well-known antibiotic resistance problem. These findings provide valuable insight on the mechanism of silver resistance and antibacterial strategies deployed by E. coli K12, which could be a potential target for the generation of aim-based and effective nanoantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Pareek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rinki Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | | | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Mohd Azeem Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Shabrinath Srikumar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Séamus Fanning
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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65
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Liu W, Xue K, Hu R, Zhou J, Van Nostrand JD, Dimitrou J, Giagnoni L, Renella G. Long-Term Effects of Soil Remediation with Willow Short Rotation Coppice on Biogeographic Pattern of Microbial Functional Genes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010140. [PMID: 35056589 PMCID: PMC8777967 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Short rotation coppice (SRC) is increasingly being adopted for bioenergy production, pollution remediation and land restoration. However, its long-term effects on soil microbial communities are poorly characterized. Here, we studied soil microbial functional genes and their biogeographic pattern under SRC with willow trees as compared to those under permanent grassland (C). GeoChip analysis showed a lower functional gene diversity in SRC than in C soil, whereas microbial ATP and respiration did not change. The SRC soil had lower relative abundances of microbial genes encoding for metal(-oid) resistance, antibiotic resistance and stress-related proteins. This indicates a more benign habitat under SRC for microbial communities after relieving heavy metal stress, consistent with the lower phytoavailability of some metals (i.e., As, Cd, Ni and Zn) and higher total organic carbon, NO3−-N and P concentrations. The microbial taxa–area relationship was valid in both soils, but the space turnover rate was higher under SRC within 0.125 m2, which was possibly linked to a more benign environment under SRC, whereas similar values were reached beyond thisarea. Overall, we concluded that SRC management can be considered as a phytotechnology that ameliorates the habitat for soil microorganisms, owing to TOC and nutrient enrichment on the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China;
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China;
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (G.R.)
| | - Runpeng Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (J.Z.); (J.D.V.N.)
| | - Joy D. Van Nostrand
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (J.Z.); (J.D.V.N.)
| | - Jannis Dimitrou
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Laura Giagnoni
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Environmental and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (G.R.)
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66
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Herdman M, Werrett MV, Andrews PC. Aryl bismuth phosphinates [BiAr2(O(O)PRR’)]: structure-activity relationships for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9323-9335. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To study and evaluate the structure-activity relationships in di-aryl bismuth phosphinates on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity a series of complexes containing ortho-methoxyphenyl, meta-methoxyphenyl, meta-tolyl and para-tolyl aryl groups; [Bi(o-MeOPh)2(O(O)P(H)Ph)]n 1,...
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67
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Teoman B, Muneeswaran ZP, Verma G, Chen D, Brinzari TV, Almeda-Ahmadi A, Norambuena J, Xu S, Ma S, Boyd JM, Armenante PM, Potanin A, Pan L, Asefa T, Dubovoy V. Cetylpyridinium Trichlorostannate: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Properties, and Controlled-Release Properties via Electrical Resistance Tomography. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35433-35441. [PMID: 34984275 PMCID: PMC8717397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium trichlorostannate (CPC-Sn), comprising cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and stannous chloride, was synthesized and characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements indicating stoichiometry of C21H38NSnCl3 where the molecules are arranged in a 1:1 ratio with a cetylpyridinium cation and a [SnCl3]- anion. CPC-Sn has shown potential for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, to reduce bacteria-generated volatile sulfur compounds and to produce advanced functional materials. In order to investigate its controlled-release properties, electrical resistance tomography was implemented. The results demonstrate that CPC-Sn exhibits extended-release properties in an aqueous environment as opposed to the CPC counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Teoman
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Otto
H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zilma Pereira Muneeswaran
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Dailin Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 338 Qingnian
Road, Economic Development Zone, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Tatiana V. Brinzari
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Allison Almeda-Ahmadi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 71 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 71 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 338 Qingnian
Road, Economic Development Zone, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 71 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Piero M. Armenante
- Otto
H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Andrei Potanin
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tewodros Asefa
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Viktor Dubovoy
- Colgate-Palmolive
Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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68
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Hyre A, Casanova-Hampton K, Subashchandrabose S. Copper Homeostatic Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. EcoSal Plus 2021; 9:eESP00142020. [PMID: 34125582 PMCID: PMC8669021 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0014-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that also exerts toxic effects at high concentrations. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on copper handling and homeostasis systems in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. We describe the mechanisms by which transcriptional regulators, efflux pumps, detoxification enzymes, metallochaperones, and ancillary copper response systems orchestrate cellular response to copper stress. E. coli and S. enterica are important pathogens of humans and animals. We discuss the critical role of copper during killing of these pathogens by macrophages and in nutritional immunity at the bacterial-pathogen-host interface. In closing, we identify opportunities to advance our understanding of the biological roles of copper in these model enteric bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hyre
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kaitlin Casanova-Hampton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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69
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Castro I, Arroyo R, Aparicio M, Martínez MÁ, Rovira J, Ares S, Cunha SC, Casal S, Oliveira Fernandes J, Schuhmacher M, Nadal M, Rodríguez JM, Fernández L. Dietary Habits and Relationship with the Presence of Main and Trace Elements, Bisphenol A, Tetrabromobisphenol A, and the Lipid, Microbiological and Immunological Profiles of Breast Milk. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124346. [PMID: 34959899 PMCID: PMC8708081 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the short and long-term. These substances can reach breast milk through the mother’s habits, diet being one of the main routes of exposure. The aim of the present work was to analyse possible associations between the dietary habits of women and the content of major trace elements, BPA, fatty acids and lipids, and the microbiological and immunological profiles of human milk. Possible associations between major trace elements and BPA and the lipid, microbiological and immunological profiles were also analysed. The results of this study support that the microbiological composition of human milk is associated with the dietary habits of the women, and that the consumption of canned drinks is related to the presence of BPA in human milk. Furthermore, some relationships were found between the amount of major trace elements and the microbiological and immunological profile of the milk samples. Finally, the presence of BPA was associated with changes in the immunological profile of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (R.A.); (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (R.A.); (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (R.A.); (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Unitat de Nutrició, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Reus, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.R.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Susana Ares
- Department of Neonatology, Universitary Hospital La Paz, P° de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Cristina Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (J.O.F.)
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (J.O.F.)
| | - Jose Oliveira Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (J.O.F.)
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (R.A.); (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913943745
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70
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Fernández Rivas C, Porphyre T, Chase-Topping ME, Knapp CW, Williamson H, Barraud O, Tongue SC, Silva N, Currie C, Elsby DT, Hoyle DV. High Prevalence and Factors Associated With the Distribution of the Integron intI1 and intI2 Genes in Scottish Cattle Herds. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755833. [PMID: 34778436 PMCID: PMC8585936 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrons are genetic elements that capture and express antimicrobial resistance genes within arrays, facilitating horizontal spread of multiple drug resistance in a range of bacterial species. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence for class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in Scottish cattle and examine whether spatial, seasonal or herd management factors influenced integron herd status. We used fecal samples collected from 108 Scottish cattle herds in a national, cross-sectional survey between 2014 and 2015, and screened fecal DNA extracts by multiplex PCR for the integrase genes intI1, intI2, and intI3. Herd-level prevalence was estimated [95% confidence interval (CI)] for intI1 as 76.9% (67.8-84.0%) and intI2 as 82.4% (73.9-88.6%). We did not detect intI3 in any of the herd samples tested. A regional effect was observed for intI1, highest in the North East (OR 11.5, 95% CI: 1.0-130.9, P = 0.05) and South East (OR 8.7, 95% CI: 1.1-20.9, P = 0.04), lowest in the Highlands. A generalized linear mixed model was used to test for potential associations between herd status and cattle management, soil type and regional livestock density variables. Within the final multivariable model, factors associated with herd positivity for intI1 included spring season of the year (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 1.1-36.4, P = 0.04) and watering cattle from a natural spring source (OR 4.4, 95% CI: 1.3-14.8, P = 0.017), and cattle being housed at the time of sampling for intI2 (OR 75.0, 95% CI: 10.4-540.5, P < 0.001). This study provides baseline estimates for integron prevalence in Scottish cattle and identifies factors that may be associated with carriage that warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernández Rivas
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaud Porphyre
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Margo E Chase-Topping
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability and Public Health, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Williamson
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Barraud
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR1092, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sue C Tongue
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), An Lòchran, Inverness Campus, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Silva
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Currie
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Derek T Elsby
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah V Hoyle
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland, United Kingdom
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71
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Lee WWY, Mattock J, Greig DR, Langridge GC, Baker D, Bloomfield S, Mather AE, Wain JR, Edwards AM, Hartman H, Dallman TJ, Chattaway MA, Nair S. Characterization of a pESI-like plasmid and analysis of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Infantis isolates in England and Wales. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34647862 PMCID: PMC8627215 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is the fifth most common Salmonella serovar isolated in England and Wales. Epidemiological, genotyping and antimicrobial-resistance data for S. enterica Infantis isolates were used to analyse English and Welsh demographics over a 5 year period. Travel cases associated with S. enterica Infantis were mainly from Asia, followed by cases from Europe and North America. Since 2000, increasing numbers of S. enterica Infantis had multidrug resistance determinants harboured on a large plasmid termed ‘plasmid of emerging S. enterica Infantis’ (pESI). Between 2013 and 2018, 42 S. enterica Infantis isolates were isolated from humans and food that harboured resistance determinants to multiple antimicrobial classes present on a pESI-like plasmid, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; blaCTX-M-65). Nanopore sequencing of an ESBL-producing human S. enterica Infantis isolate indicated the presence of two regions on an IncFIB pESI-like plasmid harbouring multiple resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the English and Welsh S. enterica Infantis population indicated that the majority of multidrug-resistant isolates harbouring the pESI-like plasmid belonged to a single clade maintained within the population. The blaCTX-M-65 ESBL isolates first isolated in 2013 comprise a lineage within this clade, which was mainly associated with South America. Our data, therefore, show the emergence of a stable resistant clone that has been in circulation for some time in the human population in England and Wales, highlighting the necessity of monitoring resistance in this serovar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W Y Lee
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David R Greig
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,Roslin Institute and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gemma C Langridge
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - David Baker
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Samuel Bloomfield
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - John R Wain
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hassan Hartman
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,Roslin Institute and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie A Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
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72
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Villapún VM, Balacco DL, Webber MA, Hall T, Lowther M, Addison O, Kuehne SA, Grover LM, Cox SC. Repeated exposure of nosocomial pathogens to silver does not select for silver resistance but does impact ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:760-773. [PMID: 34329788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistant bacteria coupled with a void in antibiotic development marks Antimicrobial Resistance as one of the biggest current threats to modern medicine. Antimicrobial metals are being developed and used as alternative anti-infectives, however, the existence of known resistance mechanisms and limited data regarding bacterial responses to long-term metal exposure are barriers to widespread implementation. In this study, a panel of reference and clinical strains of major nosocomial pathogens were subjected to serial dosage cycles of silver and ciprofloxacin. Populations exposed to silver initially showed no change in sensitivity, however, increasingly susceptibility was observed after the 25th cycle. A control experiment with ciprofloxacin revealed a selection for resistance over time, with silver treated bacteria showing faster adaptation. Morphological analysis revealed filamentation in Gram negative species suggesting membrane perturbation, while sequencing of isolated strains identified mutations in numerous genes. These included those encoding for efflux systems, chemosensory systems, stress responses, biofilm formation and respiratory chain processes, although no consistent locus was identified that correlated with silver sensitivity. These results suggest that de novo silver resistance is hard to select in a range of nosocomial pathogens, although silver exposure may detrimentally impact sensitivity to antibiotics in the long term. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The adaptability of microbial life continuously calls for the development of novel antibiotic molecules, however, the cost and risk associated with their discovery have led to a drying up in the pipeline, causing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to be a major threat to healthcare. From all available strategies, antimicrobial metals and, more specifically, silver showcase large bactericidal spectrum and limited toxic effect which coupled with a large range of processes available for their delivery made these materials as a clear candidate to tackle AMR. Previous reports have shown the ability of this metal to enact a synergistic effect with other antimicrobial therapies, nevertheless, the discovery of Ag resistance mechanisms since the early 70s and limited knowledge on the long term influence of silver on AMR poses a threat to their applicability. The present study provides quantitative data on the influence of silver based therapies on AMR development for a panel of reference and clinical strains of major nosocomial pathogens, revealing that prolonged silver exposure may detrimentally impact sensitivity to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Villapún
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Dario L Balacco
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia. Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hall
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Lowther
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Guo K, Zhao Y, Cui L, Cao Z, Zhang F, Wang X, Feng J, Dai M. The Influencing Factors of Bacterial Resistance Related to Livestock Farm: Sources and Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.650347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a complex scientific issue. To manage this issue, we need to deeply understand the influencing factors and mechanisms. Based on the background of livestock husbandry, this paper reviews the factors that affect the acquisition of bacterial resistance. Meanwhile, the resistance mechanism is also discussed. “Survival of the fittest” is the result of genetic plasticity of bacterial pathogens, which brings about specific response, such as producing adaptive mutation, gaining genetic material or changing gene expression. To a large extent, bacterial populations acquire resistance genes directly caused by the selective pressure of antibiotics. However, mobile resistance genes may be co-selected by other existing substances (such as heavy metals and biocides) without direct selection pressure from antibiotics. This is because the same mobile genetic elements as antibiotic resistance genes can be co-located by the resistance determinants of some of these compounds. Furthermore, environmental factors are a source of resistance gene acquisition. Here, we describe some of the key measures that should be taken to mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance. We call on the relevant governments or organizations around the world to formulate and improve the monitoring policies of antibiotic resistance, strengthen the supervision, strengthen the international cooperation and exchange, and curb the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains.
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Rebelo A, Mourão J, Freitas AR, Duarte B, Silveira E, Sanchez-Valenzuela A, Almeida A, Baquero F, Coque TM, Peixe L, Antunes P, Novais C. Diversity of metal and antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. from the last century reflects multiple pollution and genetic exchange among phyla from overlapping ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147548. [PMID: 34000557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and copper (Cu) are among the major historical and contemporary metal pollutants linked to global anthropogenic activities. Enterococcus have been considered indicators of fecal pollution and antibiotic resistance for years, but its largely underexplored metallome precludes understanding their role as metal pollution bioindicators as well. Our goal was to determine the occurrence, diversity, and phenotypes associated with known acquired genes/operons conferring tolerance to As, Hg or Cu among Enterococcus and to identify their genetic context (381 field isolates from diverse epidemiological and genetic backgrounds; 3547 enterococcal genomes available in databases representing a time span during 1900-2019). Genes conferring tolerance to As (arsA), Hg (merA) or Cu (tcrB) were used as biomarkers of widespread metal tolerance operons. Different variants of metal tolerance (MeT) genes (13 arsA, 6 merA, 1 tcrB) were more commonly recovered from the food-chain (arsA, tcrB) or humans (merA), and were shared with 49 other bacterial taxa. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that MeT genes occurred in heterogeneous operons, at least since the 1900s, with an increasing accretion of antibiotic resistance genes since the 1960's, reflecting diverse antimicrobial pollution. Multiple MeT genes were co-located on the chromosome or conjugative plasmids flanked by elements with high potential for recombination, often along with antibiotic resistance genes. Phenotypic analysis of some isolates carrying MeT genes revealed up to 128× fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations to metals. The main distribution of functional MeT genes among Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from different sources, time spans, and clonal lineages, and their ability to acquire diverse genes from multiple taxa bacterial communities places these species as good candidates to be used as model organisms in future projects aiming at the identification and quantification of bioindicators of metal polluted environments by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Rebelo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Área Técnico-científica de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Inovação em Biomedicina e Biotecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Duarte
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Silveira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antonio Sanchez-Valenzuela
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Markwitz P, Drulis-Kawa Z. The In Vitro Anti-Pseudomonal Activity of Cu 2+, Strawberry Furanone, Gentamicin, and Lytic Phages Alone and in Combination: Pros and Cons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189830. [PMID: 34575991 PMCID: PMC8469652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-pseudomonal activity of cupric ions (Cu2+), strawberry furanone (HDMF), gentamicin (GE), and three lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages (KT28, KTN4, LUZ19), separately and in combination. HDMF showed an anti-virulent effect but only when applied with Cu2+ or GE. GE, at a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration, slowed down phage progeny production due to protein synthesis inhibition. Cu2+ significantly reduced both the bacterial cell count and the number of infective phage particles, likely due to its genotoxicity or protein inactivation and cell membrane disruption effects. Furthermore, Cu2+‘s probable sequestration by phage particles led to the reduction of free toxic metal ions available in the solution. An additive antibacterial effect was only observed for the combination of GE and Cu2+, potentially due to enhanced ROS production or to outer membrane permeabilization. This study indicates that possible interference between antibacterial agents needs to be carefully investigated for the preparation of effective therapeutic cocktails.
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Hooton SPT, Pritchard ACW, Asiani K, Gray-Hammerton CJ, Stekel DJ, Crossman LC, Millard AD, Hobman JL. Laboratory Stock Variants of the Archetype Silver Resistance Plasmid pMG101 Demonstrate Plasmid Fusion, Loss of Transmissibility, and Transposition of Tn 7/ pco/ sil Into the Host Chromosome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723322. [PMID: 34489913 PMCID: PMC8417528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium carrying the multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid pMG101 was isolated from three burns patients in Boston United States in 1973. pMG101 was transferrable into other Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli hosts and carried what was a novel and unusual combination of AMR genes and silver resistance. Previously published short-read DNA sequence of pMG101 showed that it was a 183.5Kb IncHI plasmid, where a Tn7-mediated transposition of pco/sil resistance genes into the chromosome of the E. coli K-12 J53 host strain had occurred. We noticed differences in streptomycin resistance and plasmid size between two stocks of E. coli K-12 J53 pMG101 we possessed, which had been obtained from two different laboratories (pMG101-A and pMG101-B). Long-read sequencing (PacBio) of the two strains unexpectedly revealed plasmid and chromosomal rearrangements in both. pMG101-A is a non-transmissible 383Kb closed-circular plasmid consisting of an IncHI2 plasmid sequence fused to an IncFI/FIIA plasmid. pMG101-B is a mobile closed-circular 154 Kb IncFI/FIIA plasmid. Sequence identity of pMG101-B with the fused IncFI/IncFIIA region of pMG101-A was >99%. Assembled host sequence reads of pMG101-B showed Tn7-mediated transposition of pco/sil into the E. coli J53 chromosome between yhiM and yhiN. Long read sequence data in combination with laboratory experiments have demonstrated large scale changes in pMG101. Loss of conjugation function and movement of resistance genes into the chromosome suggest that even under long-term laboratory storage, mobile genetic elements such as transposons and insertion sequences can drive the evolution of plasmids and host. This study emphasises the importance of utilising long read sequencing technologies of plasmids and host strains at the earliest opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P T Hooton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C W Pritchard
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Karishma Asiani
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J Gray-Hammerton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Crossman
- Sequenceanalysis.Co.uk, Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
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Narayanan M, Thangabalu R, Natarajan D, Kumarasamy S, Kandasamy S, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Reclamation competence of Crotalaria juncea with the amalgamation and influence of indigenous bacteria on a waste dump of bauxite mine. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130632. [PMID: 34134423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The accumulated bauxite mine soil had an acidic pH of 5.52 ± 0.12 and more heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Zn, and Pb, which can cause severe soil and water pollution to the nearby farmlands and water reservoirs. Hence, the work was designed to find the possibility of reclamation of bauxite mine soil through Crotalaria juncea with the amalgamation of native metal degrading bacterial isolates. Out of 15 bacterial cultures, only 2 isolates (B3 and B14) showed excellent metal tolerance (for up to 750 mg L-1), solubilizing (15.27-38.7 mg kg-1) (including phosphate: 47.4 ± 1.79%), and degrading potential (22.8 ± 0.89 to 31.5 ± 1.6%) than the others. These B3 and B14 isolates were recognized as B. borstelensis UTM105 (1432 bp) and B. borstelensis AK2 (1494 bp) through molecular characterization. These isolates have produced a metal stress response protein (205-43 KDa molecular weight protein) during metal stress conditions. The phytoremediation competence of C. juncea under the influence of these bacterial isolates was assessed with various treatment (I-IV) schemes. The treatment IV (C. juncea with two bacterial isolates) showed substantial physiological and biochemical results compared with the control and the other treatments. The phytoremediation competence of C. juncea was also effective in treatment IV than the others. It reduced and extracted a reasonable quantity of metals from the bauxite mine soil. The intact results accomplished that these native metals tolerant, solubilizing, and degrading bacterial isolates, could be used as optimistic bacterial candidates in combination with C. juncea for the effective reclamation of metal enriched bauxite mine soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institutions (AERI), Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangabalu
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Suresh Kumarasamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institutions (AERI), Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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78
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Ezugworie FN, Igbokwe VC, Onwosi CO. Proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and associated genes during composting: An overview of the potential impacts on public health, management and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147191. [PMID: 33905939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues together with non-antibiotic drugs and heavy metals act as a selective pressure for the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during composting of livestock manure. ARMs, ARGs and MGEs have become emerging contaminants since they are regularly implicated in the majority of compost produced from livestock manure. The prevalence of these contaminants in agricultural soil receiving compost has drawn huge attention globally due to the risks they pose to the total environment. Although a large body of literature exists on the application of composting methods in minimizing the relative abundance of these contaminants, there is a paucity of information on the robustness, limitations and opportunities and threats of various composting protocols currently deployed. To address this knowledge gap, the current review compiled literature on the origin and mechanisms of the proliferation of ARMs, ARGs, and MGEs during composting of livestock manure. The effectiveness of current composting protocols in the reduction or removal of emerging contaminants was evaluated. Furthermore, the potential environmental impacts and human health risks of these contaminants following land application of compost were also presented. Finally, we propose some strategic approaches for the reduction of ARGs and MGEs during composting of livestock manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora N Ezugworie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Victor C Igbokwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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79
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Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 27:101-111. [PMID: 34454098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprudent and overuse of clinically relevant antibiotics in agriculture, veterinary and medical sectors contribute to the global epidemic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a growing concern among researchers and stakeholders that the environment acts as an AMR reservoir and plays a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Various drivers are contributing factors to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their ARGs either directly through antimicrobial drug use in health care, agriculture/livestock and the environment or antibiotic residues released from various domestic settings. Resistant micro-organisms and their resistance genes enter the soil, air, water and sediments through various routes or hotspots such as hospital wastewater, agricultural waste or wastewater treatment plants. Global mitigation strategies primarily involve the identification of high-risk environments that are responsible for the evolution and spread of resistance. Subsequently, AMR transmission is affected by the standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured quality antimicrobials and diagnostics, travel and migration. This review provides a brief description of AMR as a global concern and the possible contribution of different environmental drivers to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ARGs through various mechanisms. We also aim to highlight the key knowledge gaps that hinder environmental regulators and mitigation strategies in delivering environmental protection against AMR.
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80
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Energetic Value of Elymus elongatus L. and Zea mays L. Grown on Soil Polluted with Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Sensitivity of Rhizospheric Bacteria to Heavy Metals. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants, and microorganisms associated with them, offer an effective tool for removing pollutants, such as heavy metals, from the soil environment. The aim of this study was to determine changes caused by Ni2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ in the genetic diversity of soil-populating bacteria and the effect these heavy metals on the heating value of elongated coach grass (Elymus elongatus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Microorganisms support plants in removing heavy metals from soil. These plants can then be used for energetic purposes. The study aim was accomplished by determining counts of microorganisms and their resistance (RS) to Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, their colony development index (CD), ecophysiological diversity index (EP), and diversity established with the next generation sequencing (NGS) method. Further analyses aimed to establish test plants resistance to pollution with heavy metals and their heating value. Organotrophic bacteria turned out to be the most resistant to Co2+, whereas actinobacteria—to Cd2+ effects. At all taxonomic levels, the genetic diversity of bacteria was most adversely influenced by Cd2+ in the soil sown with Zea mays L. Bacteria belonging to Arthrobacter, Rhodoplanes, Kaistobacter, Devosia, Phycicoccus, and Thermomonas genera showed high tolerance to soil pollution with Ni2+, Co2+, and Cd2+, hence they should be perceived as potential sources of microorganisms useful for bioaugmentation of soils polluted with these heavy metals. Ni2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ had no effect on the heating value of Elymus elongatus L. and Zea mays L. The heating value of 1 kg of air-dry biomass of the tested plants was relatively high and ranged from 14.6 to 15.1 MJ. Elymus elongatus L. proved more useful in phytoremediation than Zea mays L.
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81
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Torres MR, Slate AJ, Ryder SF, Akram M, Iruzubieta CJC, Whitehead KA. Ionic gold demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains due to cellular ultrastructure damage. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3015-3024. [PMID: 33782717 PMCID: PMC8289768 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ever-increasing rise of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, the development of alternative antimicrobial agents is a global priority. The antimicrobial activity of ionic gold was explored against four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different AMR profiles in order to determine the antimicrobial activity of ionic gold and elucidate the mechanisms of action. Disc diffusion assays (zone of inhibition: ZoI) coupled with minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic gold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise morphological changes to the bacterial cell ultrastructure. Strains with increased AMR were slower to grow which is likely a fitness cost due to the enhanced AMR activity. Although greater concentrations of ionic gold were required to promote antimicrobial activity, ionic gold demonstrated similar antimicrobial values against all strains tested. Lowry assay results indicated that protein leakage was apparent following incubation with ionic gold, whilst SEM revealed cellular ultrastructure damage. This study suggests that the application of ionic gold as an alternative antimicrobial is promising, particularly against AMR P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of ionic gold against P. aeruginosa could potentially be utilised as an alternative therapeutic option in wound management, an approach that could benefit healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reyes Torres
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Anthony J Slate
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Steven F Ryder
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Maliha Akram
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Conrado Javier Carrascosa Iruzubieta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, and Food Science and Technology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, Gran Canarias, 35413, Arucas, Spain
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Mohanty P, Singh PK, Chakraborty D, Mishra S, Pattnaik R. Insight Into the Role of PGPR in Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.667150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of roles is played by microbes in food and agriculture that include nutrient cycling and management, organic matter decomposition and fermentation. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), representing microbial groups and with ability of colonizing plant roots, influence plant growth through various indirect and direct modes in order to promote its growth and/or protect it from diseases or damage due to insect attack. Thus, PGPR research has received renewed interest worldwide. Increasing number of crop-specific PGPR are being commercialized these days. Approaches like seed-inoculation and soil application either alone or in combination with bacterial culture/product for increased nutrient availability through phosphate solubilisation, potassium solubilisation, sulfur oxidation, nitrogen fixation, iron, and copper chelation are gaining popularity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root fungal symbiont that improve management of abiotic stress such as phosphorus deficiency. PGPR involves roles like production of indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), catalase, etc. PGPR also improve nutrient uptake by altering the level of plant hormone that enhances root surface area by increasing its girth and shape, thereby helping in absorbing more nutrients. PGPR facilitate seed germination, seedling growth and crop yield. An array of microbes including Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, and Serratia enhance plant growth. Various Pseudomonas sp. have demonstrated significant increase in germination, seedling growth and yield in different agricultural crops, including wheat. Hence, developing a successful crop-specific PGPR formulation, the candidate should possess characteristics like high rhizosphere competence, extensive competitive saprophytic ability, growth enhancing ability, ease of mass production, broad-spectrum action, safety toward the environment and compatibility with other partnering organisms.
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus Causing Infections in Humans Is Associated with High Resistance to Heavy Metals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0268520. [PMID: 33941519 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02685-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common pathogen of the urinary tract, a heavy metal-rich environment, but information regarding its heavy metal resistance is unknown. We investigated 422 S. saprophyticus isolates from human infection and colonization/contamination, animals, and environmental sources for resistance to copper, zinc, arsenic, and cadmium using the agar dilution method. To identify the genes associated with metal resistance and assess possible links to pathogenicity, we accessed the whole-genome sequence of all isolates and used in silico and pangenome-wide association approaches. The MIC values for copper and zinc were uniformly high (1,600 mg/liter). Genes encoding copper efflux pumps (copA, copB, copZ, mco, and csoR) and zinc transporters (zinT, czrAB, znuBC, and zur) were abundant in the population (20 to 100%). Arsenic and cadmium showed various susceptibility levels. Genes encoding the ars operon (arsRDABC), an ABC transporter and a two-component permease, were linked to resistance to arsenic (MICs ≥ 1,600 mg/liter; 14% [58/422]; P < 0.05). At least three cad genes (cadA or cadC and cadD-cadX or czrC) and genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps and hyperosmoregulation in acidified conditions were associated with resistance to cadmium (MICs ≥ 200 mg/liter; 20% [85/422]; P < 0.05). These resistance genes were frequently carried by mobile genetic elements. Resistance to arsenic and cadmium were linked to human infection and a clonal lineage originating in animals (P < 0.05). Altogether, S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to heavy metals and accumulated multiple metal resistance determinants. The highest arsenic and cadmium resistance levels were associated with infection, suggesting resistance to these metals is relevant for S. saprophyticus pathogenicity.
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Saadi N, Alotaibi K, Hassan L, Smith Q, Watanabe F, Khan AA, Karabacak T. Enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of aluminum foil by nanostructuring its surface using hot water treatment . NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:325103. [PMID: 33930890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfd59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm has become one of the most frequent health problems as it contributes to persistent chronic infections. Therefore, it is vital to find alternatives to currently used bactericidal agents to prevent bacterial contamination on surfaces effectively and prevent the biofilms formation. Several metallic materials are well known for their antimicrobial activity; this includes copper, copper alloys, silver, gold, titanium, and zinc. On the other hand, some metals, such as aluminum, do not have noteworthy antimicrobial properties. In this study, we demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of household aluminum foil can be enhanced by nanostructuring the foil's surface by a simple hot water treatment (HWT) process. Cultures ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswere grown on nutrient agar while exposed to the samples of treated and untreated Al foils and left for 24 h. Our results indicate that treated Al foil can more effectively inhibit the bacteria growth compared to the regular untreated Al foil. This enhancement in antibacterial property might be due to a combination of chemical and morphological changes that the cell undergoes once it encounters nanofeatures of HWT-Al foil surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawzat Saadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
| | - Khulud Alotaibi
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laylan Hassan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
| | - Quinshell Smith
- Applied Science Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
| | - Fumiya Watanabe
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
| | - Ashraf A Khan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Tansel Karabacak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
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85
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The Response of the Soil Microbiome to Contamination with Cadmium, Cobalt and Nickel in Soil Sown with Brassica napus. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertility is determined by biological diversity at all levels of life, from genes to entire biocenoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial diversity in soil contaminated with Cd2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ and sown with Brassica napus. This is an important consideration because soil-dwelling microorganisms support phytoremediation and minimize the adverse effects of heavy metals on the environment. Microbial counts, the influence (IFHM) of Cd2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ on microorganisms, the colony development (CD) index, the ecophysiological diversity (EP) index and genetic diversity of bacteria were determined under controlled conditions. Soil contamination with Cd2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ significantly influenced microbial diversity and increased the values of CD and EP indices. The tested heavy metals decreased the genetic diversity of bacteria, in particular in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter, Devosia, Kaistobacter, Paenibacillus, Phycicoccus, Rhodoplanes and Thermomonas were identified in both contaminated and non-contaminated soil. These bacteria are highly resistant to soil contamination with Cd2+, Co2+ and Ni2+.
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86
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Zagui GS, Moreira NC, Santos DV, Darini ALC, Domingo JL, Segura-Muñoz SI, Andrade LN. High occurrence of heavy metal tolerance genes in bacteria isolated from wastewater: A new concern? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110352. [PMID: 33098821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some heavy metals have antimicrobial activity and are considered as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotic therapy. However, heavy metal tolerance genes (HMTG) have been already detected and coding different tolerance mechanisms. Considering that certain metals are promising for antimicrobial therapy, evaluation of HMTG dissemination in bacteria from sewage is essential to understand the evolution of these bacteria and to predict antimicrobial use and control. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of bacteria carrying HMTG in samples of hospital wastewater and from urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The acquired HMTG were investigated by PCR in bacterial collection previously characterized for antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). HMTG searched include arsB (arsenic efflux pump), czcA (cadmium, zinc and cobalt efflux pump), merA (mercuric reductase), pcoD (copper efflux pump), silA (silver efflux pump) and terF (tellurite resistance protein). Among 45 isolates, 82% of them carried at last one HMTG, in which the silA and pcoD tolerance genes were the most prevalent. A very strong positive correlation was found between these genes (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). Tolerance genes merA, arsB, czcA and terF were detected in 47%, 13%, 13% and 7% of the isolates, respectively. It was found that 15 isolates co-harbored ARGs (β-lactamase encoding genes). HMTG are probably more dispersed than ARGs in bacteria, representing a new concern for heavy metals use as effective antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the HMTG searched in Hafnia alvei, Serratia fonticola and Serratia liquefaciens. Hospital wastewater treatment implementation and additional technologies for treatment in WWTP can reduce the impacts on water resources and HMTG spread, ensureing the environmental and human health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danilo Vitorino Santos
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43210, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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87
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Coating Technologies for Copper Based Antimicrobial Active Surfaces: A Perspective Review. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination of medical devices and treatment rooms leads to several detrimental hospital and device-associated infections. Antimicrobial copper coatings are a new approach to control healthcare-associated infections (HAI’s). This review paper focuses on the efficient methods for depositing highly adherent copper-based antimicrobial coatings onto a variety of metal surfaces. Antimicrobial properties of the copper coatings produced by various deposition methods including thermal spray technique, electrodeposition, electroless plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and sputtering techniques are compared. The coating produced using different processes did not produce similar properties. Also, process parameters often could be varied for any given coating process to impart a change in structure, topography, wettability, hardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength. In turn, all of them affect antimicrobial activity. Fundamental concepts of the coating process are described in detail by highlighting the influence of process parameters to increase antimicrobial activity. The strategies for developing antimicrobial surfaces could help in understanding the mechanism of killing the microbes.
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88
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Pormohammad A, Monych NK, Ghosh S, Turner DL, Turner RJ. Nanomaterials in Wound Healing and Infection Control. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050473. [PMID: 33919072 PMCID: PMC8143158 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds continue to be a serious medical concern due to their increasing incidence from injuries, surgery, burns and chronic diseases such as diabetes. Delays in the healing process are influenced by infectious microbes, especially when they are in the biofilm form, which leads to a persistent infection. Biofilms are well known for their increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the development of novel wound dressing drug formulations and materials with combined antibacterial, antibiofilm and wound healing properties are required. Nanomaterials (NM) have unique properties due to their size and very large surface area that leads to a wide range of applications. Several NMs have antimicrobial activity combined with wound regeneration features thus give them promising applicability to a variety of wound types. The idea of NM-based antibiotics has been around for a decade at least and there are many recent reviews of the use of nanomaterials as antimicrobials. However, far less attention has been given to exploring if these NMs actually improve wound healing outcomes. In this review, we present an overview of different types of nanomaterials explored specifically for wound healing properties combined with infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.P.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Nadia K. Monych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.P.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Sougata Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot 360020, India;
| | - Diana L. Turner
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.P.); (N.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-4308
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89
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Skarżyńska M, Zaja C M, Bomba A, Bocian Ł, Kozdruń W, Polak M, Wia Cek J, Wasyl D. Antimicrobial Resistance Glides in the Sky-Free-Living Birds as a Reservoir of Resistant Escherichia coli With Zoonotic Potential. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656223. [PMID: 33897669 PMCID: PMC8062882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global health concerns; therefore, the identification of AMR reservoirs and vectors is essential. Attention should be paid to the recognition of potential hazards associated with wildlife as this field still seems to be incompletely explored. In this context, the role of free-living birds as AMR carriers is noteworthy. Therefore, we applied methods used in AMR monitoring, supplemented by colistin resistance screening, to investigate the AMR status of Escherichia coli from free-living birds coming from natural habitats and rescue centers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of strains enabled to determine resistance mechanisms and investigate their epidemiological relationships and virulence potential. As far as we know, this study is one of the few that applied WGS of that number (n = 71) of strains coming from a wild avian reservoir. The primary concerns arising from our study relate to resistance and its determinants toward antimicrobial classes of the highest priority for the treatment of critical infections in people, e.g., cephalosporins, quinolones, polymyxins, and aminoglycosides, as well as fosfomycin. Among the numerous determinants, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, fosA7, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3")-Ia, and aph(6)-Id and chromosomal gyrA, parC, and parE mutations were identified. Fifty-two sequence types (STs) noted among 71 E. coli included the global lineages ST131, ST10, and ST224 as well as the three novel STs 11104, 11105, and 11194. Numerous virulence factors were noted with the prevailing terC, gad, ompT, iss, traT, lpfA, and sitA. Single E. coli was Shiga toxin-producing. Our study shows that the clonal spread of E. coli lineages of public and animal health relevance is a serious avian-associated hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaja C
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozdruń
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Polak
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wia Cek
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.,Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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90
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CLEAR - Contact lens wettability, cleaning, disinfection and interactions with tears. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:157-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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91
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Ture M, Kilic MB, Altinok I. Relationship Between Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish Muscle and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Fish. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1595-1603. [PMID: 32535748 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc are the most common pollutant heavy metals that can be discharged into the marine environment with different sources. Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and mullet (Mullus barbatus) were sampled in four seasons in a year to determine Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn levels in the muscle and to determine heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) such as copA, czc, and ncc genes in coliform bacteria isolated from the fish. In both species, zinc was the most abundant metal, while Cd and the Co levels were scarce. Co level was significantly higher in summer in mullet than that of whiting (p < 0.001). The most prevalent MRGs was determined as copA (46.2%) followed by czc (35.8%) and ncc (17.9%). Increased Co and Ni level in the muscle significantly affected the presence of ncc gene in bacteria, while the presence of ncc and copA genes was affected by Ni and Cu levels found in the fish muscle. There was a significant positive correlation between Cd level in the muscle and presence of czc and ncc gene in the bacteria (p < 0.029). When the levels of Cu, Zn, and Cd increased in the muscle of the fish, occurrence of MRGs genes was increased significantly (p < 0.0001). A strong positive correlation was found between heavy metal resistance levels in fish and the prevalence of E. coli and coliforms that harbor heavy metal resistance genes which will be a problem in aquaculture, aquatic ecosystem, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ture
- Fish Health Department, Central Fisheries Research Institute, 61250, Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Baran Kilic
- Environmental and Resource Management Department, Central Fisheries Research Institute, 61250, Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Altinok
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61530, Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey.
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92
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Hutchings C, Prokocimer Yair Z, Reifen R, Shemesh M. Antimicrobial Effect of Zn 2+ Ions Governs the Microbial Quality of Donor Human Milk. Foods 2021; 10:637. [PMID: 33802996 PMCID: PMC8002753 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor human milk (HM) obtained at HM banks is exceptionally crucial for the feeding and treatment of preterm infants. Bacterial contaminations of HM in various stages of its handling are very common and can lead to disqualification of donations or severe infections in worse cases. Hence, HM donations are subject to strict bacteriological evaluations pre- and post-pasteurization. The main contaminating species vary between countries, banks and donors and even exhibit inter-individual variation. We initiated an assessment of the bacteriological composition of HM donated by women hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit in Israel. The most common bacterium identified was Staphylococcus epidermidis, found in all but one of the HM samples; the presence of several species of coagulase-negative Staphylococci was also noted. Next, we sought to develop a platform towards antibacterial treatment using Zn2+ ions that have recently been found to be potent against contaminants isolated from bovine milk. Zn2+ efficiently inhibited the growth of viable aerobic population and S. epidermidis in HM. Growth was also inhibited in other Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, a well-known food-borne pathogen. S. epidermidis and B. cereus cells grown in the presence of zinc were taken for microscopic evaluation, aiming to demonstrate zinc's antimicrobial mode of action morphologically. Images obtained using scanning electron microscopy indicated leakage of cellular content and cell lysis in S. epidermidis. Besides, B. cereus cells showed abnormalities in their cell surface and complete loss of flagella upon treatment with zinc. Along with the above findings, it should be noted that this was a pilot study that tested how high doses of Zn2+ affect breast milk as a product. Further research is likely needed on the safety of consumption of Zn2+-treated HM in infants and older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Hutchings
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Zafnat Prokocimer Yair
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center Israel, Emergency Medicine Department, Petah-Tikva 49202, Israel;
| | - Ram Reifen
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
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93
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Benčina M, Resnik M, Starič P, Junkar I. Use of Plasma Technologies for Antibacterial Surface Properties of Metals. Molecules 2021; 26:1418. [PMID: 33808010 PMCID: PMC7961478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of medical devices present severe problems connected with long-term antibiotic treatment, implant failure, and high hospital costs. Therefore, there are enormous demands for innovative techniques which would improve the surface properties of implantable materials. Plasma technologies present one of the compelling ways to improve metal's antibacterial activity; plasma treatment can significantly alter metal surfaces' physicochemical properties, such as surface chemistry, roughness, wettability, surface charge, and crystallinity, which all play an important role in the biological response of medical materials. Herein, the most common plasma treatment techniques like plasma spraying, plasma immersion ion implantation, plasma vapor deposition, and plasma electrolytic oxidation as well as novel approaches based on gaseous plasma treatment of surfaces are gathered and presented. The latest results of different surface modification approaches and their influence on metals' antibacterial surface properties are presented and critically discussed. The mechanisms involved in bactericidal effects of plasma-treated surfaces are discussed and novel results of surface modification of metal materials by highly reactive oxygen plasma are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ita Junkar
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.B.); (M.R.); (P.S.)
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94
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Pulami D, Schauss T, Eisenberg T, Wilharm G, Blom J, Goesmann A, Kämpfer P, Glaeser SP. Acinetobacter baumannii in manure and anaerobic digestates of German biogas plants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5896450. [PMID: 32832994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies considering environmental multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. are scarce. The application of manure on agricultural fields is one source of multidrug-resistant bacteria from livestock into the environment. Here, Acinetobacter spp. were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in manure applied to biogas plants and in the output of the anaerobic digestion, and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from those samples were comprehensively characterized. The concentration of Acinetobacter 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene copies per g fresh weight was in range of 106-108 in manure and decreased (partially significantly) to a still high concentration (105-106) in digestates. 16S rRNA, gyrB-rpoB and blaOXA51-like gene sequencing identified 17 different Acinetobacter spp., including six A. baumannii strains. Multilocus sequence typing showed no close relation of the six strains with globally relevant clonal complexes; however, they represented five novel sequence types. Comparative genomics and physiological tests gave an explanation how Acinetobacter could survive the anaerobic biogas process and indicated copper resistance and the presence of intrinsic beta-lactamases, efflux-pump and virulence genes. However, the A. baumannii strains lacked acquired resistance against carbapenems, colistin and quinolones. This study provided a detailed characterization of Acinetobacter spp. including A. baumannii released via manure through mesophilic or thermophilic biogas plants into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen Pulami
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schauss
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), D-35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Wilharm
- Project Group P2, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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95
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Hofmann L, Hirsch M, Ruthstein S. Advances in Understanding of the Copper Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2050. [PMID: 33669570 PMCID: PMC7922089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five thousand people die as a result of more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the United States of America per year. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is classified a serious threat, the second-highest threat category of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Among others, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the discovery and development of novel antibiotic classes with new targets and mechanisms of action without cross-resistance to existing classes. To find potential new target sites in pathogenic bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa, it is inevitable to fully understand the molecular mechanism of homeostasis, metabolism, regulation, growth, and resistances thereof. P. aeruginosa maintains a sophisticated copper defense cascade comprising three stages, resembling those of public safety organizations. These stages include copper scavenging, first responder, and second responder. Similar mechanisms are found in numerous pathogens. Here we compare the copper-dependent transcription regulators cueR and copRS of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and P. aeruginosa. Further, phylogenetic analysis and structural modelling of mexPQ-opmE reveal that this efflux pump is unlikely to be involved in the copper export of P. aeruginosa. Altogether, we present current understandings of the copper homeostasis in P. aeruginosa and potential new target sites for antimicrobial agents or a combinatorial drug regimen in the fight against multidrug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (M.H.)
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96
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Miola M, Massera J, Cochis A, Kumar A, Rimondini L, Vernè E. Tellurium: A new active element for innovative multifunctional bioactive glasses. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111957. [PMID: 33812585 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses have been widely investigated for their ability to release ions with therapeutic effect. In this paper, a silica based bioactive glass was doped with a low amount of tellurium dioxide (1 and 5 mol%) to confer antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The obtained glasses were characterized in terms of morphology, composition, structure, characteristic temperatures and in vitro bioactivity. Moreover, comprehensive analyses were carried out to estimate the cytocompatibility, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Te-doped glasses. The performed characterizations demonstrated that the Te insertion did not interfere with the amorphous nature of the glass, the substitution of SiO2 with TeO2 led to a slight decrease in Tg and a TeO2 amount higher than 1 mol% can induce a change in the primary crystal field. In vitro bioactivity test demonstrated the Te-doped glass ability to induce the precipitation of hydroxyapatite. Finally, the biological characterization showed a strong antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Te-containing glasses in comparison with the control glass, demonstrating that Te is a promising element to enhance the biological response of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, TO, Italy; PolitoBioMED Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Via Piercarlo Boggio 59, 10138 Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Jonathan Massera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, TO, Italy; PolitoBioMED Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Via Piercarlo Boggio 59, 10138 Torino, TO, Italy
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Maertens L, Matroule JY, Van Houdt R. Characteristics of the copper-induced viable-but-non-culturable state in bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:37. [PMID: 33544256 PMCID: PMC7864824 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial applications of copper (Cu) are exploited in several industries, such as agriculture and healthcare settings. While Cu is capable of efficiently killing microorganisms, sub-lethal doses can induce a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state in bacteria of many distinct clades. VBNC cells cannot be detected by standard culture-based detection methods, and can become a threat to plants and animals as they often retain virulent traits upon resuscitation. Here we discuss the putative mechanisms of the Cu-induced VBNC state. Common observations in Cu-induced VBNC cells include a cellular response to reactive oxygen species, the exhaustion of energy reserves, and a reconfiguration of the proteome. While showing partial overlap with other VBNC state-inducing stressors, these changes seem to be part of an adaptive response to Cu toxicity. Furthermore, we argue that Cu resistance mechanisms such as P-type ATPases and multicopper oxidases may ward off entry into the VBNC state to some extent. The spread of these mechanisms across multi-species populations could increase population-level resistance to Cu antimicrobials. As Cu resistance mechanisms are often co-selected with antibiotic resistance mechanisms, this threat is exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Maertens
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Matroule
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.
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98
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Garg P, Kaur B, Kaur G, Saini S, Chaudhary GR. A study of the spectral behaviour of Eosin dye in three states of metallosurfactants: Monomeric, micelles and metallosomes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99
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Dos Santos AN, de L Nascimento TR, Gondim BLC, Velo MMAC, de A Rêgo RI, do C Neto JR, Machado JR, da Silva MV, de Araújo HWC, Fonseca MG, Castellano LRC. Catechins as Model Bioactive Compounds for Biomedical Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4032-4047. [PMID: 32493187 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200603124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding polyphenols has gained prominence over the years because of their potential as pharmacological nutrients. Most polyphenols are flavanols, commonly known as catechins, which are present in high amounts in green tea. Catechins are promising candidates in the field of biomedicine. The health benefits of catechins, notably their antioxidant effects, are related to their chemical structure and the total number of hydroxyl groups. In addition, catechins possess strong activities against several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. One major limitation of these compounds is low bioavailability. Catechins are poorly absorbed by intestinal barriers. Some protective mechanisms may be required to maintain or even increase the stability and bioavailability of these molecules within living organisms. Moreover, novel delivery systems, such as scaffolds, fibers, sponges, and capsules, have been proposed. This review focuses on the unique structures and bioactive properties of catechins and their role in inflammatory responses as well as provides a perspective on their use in future human health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana N Dos Santos
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R de L Nascimento
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Brenna L C Gondim
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Marilia M A C Velo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renaly I de A Rêgo
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - José R do C Neto
- Post-Graduation Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Machado
- Post-Graduation Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos V da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helvia W C de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria G Fonseca
- Research Center for Fuels and Materials (NPE - LACOM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R C Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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100
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Piersanti A, Juganson K, Mozzicafreddo M, Wei W, Zhang J, Zhao K, Ballarini P, Mortimer M, Pucciarelli S, Miao W, Miceli C. Transcriptomic responses to silver nanoparticles in the freshwater unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:115965. [PMID: 33213949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being increasingly used as biocides in various consumer products and if released in the environment they can affect non-target organisms. Therefore, understanding the toxicity mechanism is crucial for both the design of more efficient nano-antimicrobials and for the design of nanomaterials that are biologically and environmentally benign throughout their life-cycle. Here, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila was used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of AgNPs by analysing the gene expression profile by RNA-seq and the transcriptomic effects of AgNPs were compared to those induced by soluble silver salt, AgNO3. Exposure to AgNPs at sublethal concentrations for 24 h induced phagocytosis, transport pathways, response to oxidative stress, glutathione peroxidase activity, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, proteolysis, and nitrogen metabolism process. Based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), some biological processes appeared targets of both toxicants. In addition to many similarities in affected genes, some effects were triggered only by NPs, like phagocytosis, glutathione peroxidase activity, response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism process. This research provides evidence that AgNPs compared to AgNO3 at the same concentration of dissolved silver ions dysregulate a higher number of cellular pathways. These findings confirm that AgNPs can induce toxicity not only due to soluble silver ions released from the particles but also to particle intrinsic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Katre Juganson
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangping Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Patrizia Ballarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Monika Mortimer
- China Jiliang University, Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy.
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