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Association between polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:2175-2183. [PMID: 29728923 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis was performed to clarify whether the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (ApaI and BsmI) in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene conferred susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS A comprehensive literature search in five online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang) was performed to identify studies that analyzed the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of AIS. Observational studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria were selected for meta-analysis. The most appropriate genetic model was identified using a genetic model-free approach. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Five eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, which involved a total of 717 cases and 554 controls. A statistically significant association was observed between BsmI polymorphism and AIS (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.32, 2.62). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the association between BsmI polymorphism and AIS was significant in Asians (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.56, 2.73) but not in Caucasians (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.23, 2.19). However, the ApaI polymorphism was not associated with AIS. Moreover, no evidence of association between BMD and the two VDR gene polymorphisms was detected. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis of existing data suggested that BsmI was associated with increased risk of AIS in Asian populations. Nevertheless, further studies with rigorous design and more ethnic groups are encouraged to validate our findings. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Ahmad I, Jafar T, Mahdi F, Ameta K, Arshad M, Das SK, Waliullah S, Rizvi I, Mahdi AA. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (TaqI and Apa1) with bone mineral density in North Indian postmenopausal women. Gene 2018; 659:123-127. [PMID: 29559350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has an important role as a candidate gene for the regulation of bone mass in osteoporosis. However, its association with bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial and has not been established in different ethnic populations. To enhance the understanding of VDR gene polymorphism in the context of BMD, we investigated the plausible genetic association of TaqI and ApaI polymorphism with BMD in North Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.254 osteoporotic women (Age 55.82 ± 6.91) and 254 postmenopausal non osteoporotic women (Age 54.76 ± 6.26) were included in the study. VDR TaqI and ApaI polymorphism were determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). BMD was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), hip, forearm and femoral neck. The average BMD with TT genotype was significantly lower at lumbar spine, hip and forearm. The Frequency of TT genotype and t allele was significantly high in osteoporotic women when compared with controls. The average BMD with Aa genotype was higher in ApaI. Furthermore, comparison of frequency distribution of genotype and allele for VDR ApaI between osteoporotic patients and controls did not show any significant difference. Our findings revealed that TaqI gene TT genotype was associated with low BMD in North Indian osteoporotic women. Moreover, TT genotype and t allele associated significantly with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Therefore, VDR TaqI gene is an important determinant of risk factor for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India; Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Tabrez Jafar
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Keerti Ameta
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Siddharth Kumar Das
- Department of Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shah Waliullah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India.
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Shimozaki S, Yamamoto N, Domoto T, Nishida H, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Takeuchi A, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Kato T, Aoki Y, Higuchi T, Hirose M, Hoffman RM, Minamoto T, Tsuchiya H. Efficacy of glycogen synthase kinase-3β targeting against osteosarcoma via activation of β-catenin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77038-77051. [PMID: 27780915 PMCID: PMC5363568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of innovative more effective therapy is required for refractory osteosarcoma patients. We previously established that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK- 3β) is a therapeutic target in various cancer types. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of GSK-3β inhibition against osteosarcoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms in an orthotopic mouse model. Expression and phosphorylation of GSK-3β in osteosarcoma and normal osteoblast cell lines was examined, together with efficacy of GSK-3β inhibition on cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis and on the growth of orthotopically-transplanted human osteosarcoma in nude mice. We also investigated changes in expression, phosphorylation and co-transcriptional activity of β-catenin in osteosarcoma cells following GSK-3β inhibition. Expression of the active form of GSK- 3β (tyrosine 216-phosphorylated) was higher in osteosarcoma than osteoblast cells. Inhibition of GSK-3β activity by pharmacological inhibitors or of its expression by RNA interference suppressed proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis. Treatment with GSK-3β-specific inhibitors attenuated the growth of orthotopic osteosaroma in mice. Inhibition of GSK-3β reduced phosphorylation at GSK- 3β-phospho-acceptor sites in β-catenin and increased β-catenin expression, nuclear localization and co-transcriptional activity. These results suggest the efficacy of GSK-3β inhibitors is associated with activation of β-catenin, a putative tumor suppressor in bone and soft tissue sarcoma and an important component of osteogenesis. Our study thereby demonstrates a critical role for GSK-3β in sustaining survival and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and identifies this kinase as a potential therapeutic target against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Shimozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideji Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,AntiCancer Incorporated, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Aoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirose
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer Incorporated, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Pepe J, Bonnet N, Herrmann FR, Biver E, Rizzoli R, Chevalley T, Ferrari SL. Interaction between LRP5 and periostin gene polymorphisms on serum periostin levels and cortical bone microstructure. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:339-346. [PMID: 29038835 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the interaction between periostin SNPs and the SNPs of the genes assumed to modulate serum periostin levels and bone microstructure in a cohort of postmenopausal women. We identified an interaction between LRP5 SNP rs648438 and periostin SNP rs9547970 on serum periostin levels and on radial cortical porosity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between periostin gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and other genes potentially responsible for modulating serum periostin levels and bone microstructure in a cohort of postmenopausal women. METHODS In 648 postmenopausal women from the Geneva Retirees Cohort, we analyzed 6 periostin SNPs and another 149 SNPs in 14 genes, namely BMP2, CTNNB1, ESR1, ESR2, LRP5, LRP6, PTH, SPTBN1, SOST, TGFb1, TNFRSF11A, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B and WNT16. Volumetric BMD and bone microstructure were measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the distal radius and tibia. RESULTS Serum periostin levels were associated with radial cortical porosity, including after adjustment for age, BMI, and years since menopause (p = 0.036). Sixteen SNPs in the ESR1, LRP5, TNFRSF11A, SOST, SPTBN1, TNFRSF11B and TNFSF11 genes were associated with serum periostin levels (p range 0.03-0.001) whereas 26 SNPs in 9 genes were associated with cortical porosity at the radius and/or at the tibia. WNT 16 was the gene with the highest number of SNPs associated with both trabecular and cortical microstructure. The periostin SNP rs9547970 was also associated with cortical porosity (p = 0.04). In particular, SNPs in LRP5, ESR1 and near the TNFRSF11A gene were associated with both cortical porosity and serum periostin levels. Eventually, we identified an interaction between LRP5 SNP rs648438 and periostin SNP rs9547970 on serum periostin levels (interaction p = 0.01) and on radial cortical porosity (interaction p = 0.005). CONCLUSION These results suggest that periostin expression is genetically modulated, particularly by polymorphisms in the Wnt pathway, and is thereby implicated in the genetic variation of bone microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pepe
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - N Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F R Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S L Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bai S, Mu Z, Huang Y, Ji P. Guanylate Binding Protein 1 Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1048. [PMID: 29348519 PMCID: PMC5773562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate Binding Proteins (GBPs) are a group of cytokine-inducible large guanosine triphosphatase. Previous studies have shown high expression of GBP1 in circulating monocytes of premenopausal subjects was correlated to extremely low peak bone mass, which is considered as an important determinant of osteoporosis. However, whether GBPs play a role in regulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that mRNA expression of GBP1 was highest among all the GBPs, and it was dramatically downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs derived from bone marrow (hBM-MSCs). While siRNA-mediated knockdown of GBP1 promoted osteogenesis, overexpression of GBP1 suppressed osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Furthermore, we found GBP1 is required for expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 induced by treatment with Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Depletion of GBP1 rescued the inhibited osteogenesis induced by IFN-γ treatment, at least in part. Collectively, our findings indicate GBP1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and inhibition of GBP1 expression may prevent development of osteoporosis and facilitate MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixiang Mu
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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The association of novel polymorphisms with stress fracture injury in Elite Athletes: Further insights from the SFEA cohort. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:564-568. [PMID: 29129460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine, in conjunction with a wider investigation, whether 11 genetic variants in the vicinity of vitamin D, collagen and Wnt signalling pathways were associated with stress fracture injury in the Stress Fracture Elite Athlete (SFEA) cohort. DESIGN Genotype-phenotype association study. METHODS Self-reported stress fracture history and demographic data were recorded in 518 elite athletes, 449 male and 69 female (mean age 24.2±5.5 years) from the SFEA cohort. Elite athletes were assigned to two groups based on history of stress fracture injury. Data were analysed for the whole cohort and sub-stratified in to male only and multiple stress fracture cases. Genotype was determined using a proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 were associated with stress fracture (p<0.05). In the whole cohort, rs1877632 heterozygotes and homozygotes of the rare allele combined made up 59% of stress fracture sufferers in comparison to 46% in the non-stress fracture group (p=0.05). In the multiple stress fracture cohort, homozygotes of the rare allele of rs10735810 and rs731236 showed an association with stress fracture when compared to those homozygotes for the common allele combined with heterozygotes (p=0.03; p=0.01). No significant associations were shown in the other SNPs analysed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an important role for SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 in the pathophysiology of stress fracture. This might be due to the role of the SNPs in the regulation of bone remodelling and adaptation to mechanical loading, with potential implications for the prevention and treatment of stress fracture injuries.
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57
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The emerging role of bone marrow adipose tissue in bone health and dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1291-1301. [PMID: 29101431 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of red hematopoietic bone marrow with yellow adipocyte-rich marrow is a conserved physiological process among mammals. The extent of this conversion is influenced by a wide array of pathological and non-pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the observation that some marrow adipocyte-inducing factors seem to oppose each other, for instance obesity and caloric restriction. Intriguingly, several important molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are distinct from the classical depots of white and brown fat tissue. This depot of fat has recently emerged as an active part of the bone marrow niche that exerts paracrine and endocrine functions thereby controlling osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. While some functions of BMAT may be beneficial for metabolic adaptation and bone homeostasis, respectively, most findings assign bone fat a detrimental role during regenerative processes, such as hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Thus, an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to formation of BMAT, its molecular characteristics, and its physiological role in the bone marrow niche is warranted. Here we review the current understanding of BMAT biology and its potential implications for health and the development of pathological conditions.
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Karasik D, Demissie S, Lu D, Broe KE, Boyd SK, Liu CT, Hsu YH, Bouxsein ML, Kiel DP. Bone Strength Estimated by Micro-Finite Element Analysis (µFEA) Is Heritable and Shares Genetic Predisposition With Areal BMD: The Framingham Study. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2151-2156. [PMID: 28722129 PMCID: PMC5685872 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the risk of bone fractures, partly because of effects on bone strength. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) estimates bone strength using micro-finite element analysis (µFEA). The goal of this study was to investigate if the bone failure load estimated by HR-pQCT-based µFEA is heritable and to what extent it shares genetic regulation with areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Bone microarchitecture was measured by HR-pQCT at the ultradistal tibia and ultradistal radius in adults from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1087, mean age 72 years; 57% women). Radial and tibial failure load in compression were estimated by µFEA. Femoral neck (FN) and ultradistal forearm (UD) aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Heritability (h2 ) of failure load and aBMD and genetic correlations between them was estimated adjusting for covariates (age and sex). Failure load values at the non-weight-bearing ultradistal radius and at the weight-bearing ultradistal tibia were highly correlated (r = 0.906; p < 0.001). Estimates of h2 adjusted for covariates were 0.522 for the radius and 0.497 for the tibia. Additional adjustment for height did not impact on the h2 results, but adjustment for aBMD at the UD and FN somewhat decreased h2 point estimates: 0.222 and 0.380 for radius and tibia, respectively. In bivariate analysis, there was a high phenotypic and genetic correlation between covariate-adjusted failure load at the radius and UD aBMD (ρP = 0.826, ρG = 0.954, respectively), whereas environmental correlations were lower (ρE = 0.696), all highly significant (p < 0.001). Similar correlations were observed between tibial failure load and femoral neck aBMD (ρP = 0.577, ρG = 0.703, both p < 0.001; ρE = 0.432, p < 0.05). These data from adult members of families from a population-based cohort suggest that bone strength of distal extremities estimated by micro-finite element analysis is heritable and shares some genetic composition with areal BMD, regardless of the skeletal site. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Darlene Lu
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry E. Broe
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
| | - Steven K. Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT
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Lu S, Zhao LJ, Chen XD, Papasian CJ, Wu KH, Tan LJ, Wang ZE, Pei YF, Tian Q, Deng HW. Bivariate genome-wide association analyses identified genetic pleiotropic effects for bone mineral density and alcohol drinking in Caucasians. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:649-658. [PMID: 28012008 PMCID: PMC5812284 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicated bone mineral density (BMD) and alcohol intake might share common genetic factors. The study aimed to explore potential SNPs/genes related to both phenotypes in US Caucasians at the genome-wide level. A bivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 2069 unrelated participants. Regular drinking was graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, representing drinking alcohol never, less than once, once or twice, three to six times, seven to ten times, or more than ten times per week respectively. Hip, spine, and whole body BMDs were measured. The bivariate GWAS was conducted on the basis of a bivariate linear regression model. Sex-stratified association analyses were performed in the male and female subgroups. In males, the most significant association signal was detected in SNP rs685395 in DYNC2H1 with bivariate spine BMD and alcohol drinking (P = 1.94 × 10-8). SNP rs685395 and five other SNPs, rs657752, rs614902, rs682851, rs626330, and rs689295, located in the same haplotype block in DYNC2H1 were the top ten most significant SNPs in the bivariate GWAS in males. Additionally, two SNPs in GRIK4 in males and three SNPs in OPRM1 in females were suggestively associated with BMDs (of the hip, spine, and whole body) and alcohol drinking. Nine SNPs in IL1RN were only suggestively associated with female whole body BMD and alcohol drinking. Our study indicated that DYNC2H1 may contribute to the genetic mechanisms of both spine BMD and alcohol drinking in male Caucasians. Moreover, our study suggested potential pleiotropic roles of OPRM1 and IL1RN in females and GRIK4 in males underlying variation of both BMD and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ke-Hao Wu
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Wang
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Correa-Rodríguez M, Viatte S, Massey J, Schmidt-RioValle J, Rueda-Medina B, Orozco G. Analysis of SNP-SNP interactions and bone quantitative ultrasound parameter in early adulthood. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:107. [PMID: 28974197 PMCID: PMC5627468 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis individual susceptibility is determined by the interaction of multiple genetic variants and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to conduct SNP-SNP interaction analyses in candidate genes influencing heel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameter in early adulthood to identify novel insights into the mechanism of disease. Methods The study population included 575 healthy subjects (mean age 20.41; SD 2.36). To assess bone mass QUS was performed to determine Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). A total of 32 SNPs mapping to loci that have been characterized as genetic markers for QUS and/or BMD parameters were selected as genetic markers in this study. The association of all possible SNP pairs with QUS was assessed by linear regression and a SNP-SNP interaction was defined as a significant departure from additive effects. Results The pairwise SNP-SNP analysis showed multiple interactions. The interaction comprising SNPs rs9340799 and rs3736228 that map in the ESR1 and LRP5 genes respectively, revealed the lowest p value after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value = 0.001, β (95% CI) = 14.289 (5.548, 23.029). In addition, our model reported others such as TMEM135-WNT16 (p = 0.007, β(95%CI) = 9.101 (2.498, 15.704), ESR1-DKK1 (p = 0.012, β(95%CI) = 13.641 (2.959, 24.322) or OPG-LRP5 (p = 0.012, β(95%CI) = 8.724 (1.936, 15.512). However, none of the detected interactions remain significant considering the Bonferroni significance threshold for multiple testing (p<0.0001). Conclusion Our analysis of SNP-SNP interaction in candidate genes of QUS in Caucasian young adults reveal several interactions, especially between ESR1 and LRP5 genes, that did not reach statistical significance. Although our results do not support a relevant genetic contribution of SNP-SNP epistatic interactions to QUS in young adults, further studies in larger independent populations would be necessary to support these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Correa-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Sebastien Viatte
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan Massey
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Blanca Rueda-Medina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Gisela Orozco
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Association study of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mass assessed by quantitative ultrasound in young adults. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1281-1286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past decade, several genetic variants or genes for osteoporosis have been identified through genome-wide association studies and candidate gene association studies. These genetic variants are common in the general population but have modest effect sizes, with odds ratio ranging from 1.1 to 1.5. Thus, the utility of any single variant is limited. However, theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that a profiling of multiple variants that are associated with bone phenotypes (i.e., "osteogenomic profile") can improve the accuracy of fracture prediction and classification beyond that obtained by conventional clinical risk factors. These results support the view that an osteogenomic profile, when integrated into existing models, can help clinicians and patients alike to better assess the risk fracture for an individual, and raise the possibility of personalized osteoporosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan V Nguyen
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
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Sassi R, Sahli H, Cheour E, Sellami S, El Gaaied ABA. -643C > T RANKL gene polymorphism is associated with osteoporosis in Tunisian postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2017; 20:374-378. [PMID: 28453307 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1315088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dynamic nature of the skeleton is achieved by a remodeling process. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) stimulates bone resorption by activating RANK signaling. Therefore it is considered as a candidate gene regulating susceptibility to osteoporosis. In the current study, we have investigated the association between the RANKL gene -693G > C and -643 C > T polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD) in a population of postmenopausal Tunisian women. METHODS Polymorphic sites in RANKL gene (rs9533155 -693G > C and rs9533156 -643 C > T polymorphisms) were determined using PCR-RFLP analysis in 566 postmenopausal Tunisian women. All statistical analysis were examined by SPSS software. RESULTS We have detected a significant difference in lumbar spine and hip BMD for -643C > T genotypes. For -693G > C genotypes, a significant difference was detected only in hip BMD. The distribution of -643C > T genotypes and alleles between three groups (osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal women) revealed a significant association of the TT genotype with development of osteoporosis (p = 0.01; odds ratio 2.15), although for the -693G > C polymorphism, no significant results were found. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the association of the -643C > T polymorphism with BMD variation and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal Tunisian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sassi
- a Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis , Tunis EL Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - H Sahli
- b Immuno-Rheumatology Laboratory , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - E Cheour
- b Immuno-Rheumatology Laboratory , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - S Sellami
- b Immuno-Rheumatology Laboratory , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - A Ben Ammar El Gaaied
- a Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis , Tunis EL Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
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Calabrese GM, Mesner LD, Stains JP, Tommasini SM, Horowitz MC, Rosen CJ, Farber CR. Integrating GWAS and Co-expression Network Data Identifies Bone Mineral Density Genes SPTBN1 and MARK3 and an Osteoblast Functional Module. Cell Syst 2017; 4:46-59.e4. [PMID: 27866947 PMCID: PMC5269473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable predictor of osteoporotic fracture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMD have identified dozens of associations; yet, the genes responsible for most associations remain elusive. Here, we used a bone co-expression network to predict causal genes at BMD GWAS loci based on the premise that genes underlying a disease are often functionally related and functionally related genes are often co-expressed. By mapping genes implicated by BMD GWAS onto a bone co-expression network, we predicted and inferred the function of causal genes for 30 of 64 GWAS loci. We experimentally confirmed that two of the genes predicted to be causal, SPTBN1 and MARK3, are potentially responsible for the effects of GWAS loci on chromosomes 2p16.2 and 14q32.32, respectively. This approach provides a roadmap for the dissection of additional BMD GWAS associations. Furthermore, it should be applicable to GWAS data for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Karasik D, Demissie S, Zhou Y, Lu D, Broe KE, Bouxsein ML, Cupples LA, Kiel DP. Heritability and Genetic Correlations for Bone Microarchitecture: The Framingham Study Families. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:106-114. [PMID: 27419666 PMCID: PMC5310688 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), important risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. We estimated the heritability (h2 ) of bone microstructure indices and vBMD, measured by HR-pQCT, and genetic correlations (ρG ) among them and between them and regional aBMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in adult relatives from the Framingham Heart Study. Cortical (Ct) and trabecular (Tb) traits were measured at the distal radius and tibia in up to 1047 participants, and ultradistal radius (UD) aBMD was obtained by DXA. Heritability estimates, adjusted for age, sex, and estrogenic status (in women), ranged from 19.3% (trabecular number) to 82.8% (p < 0.01, Ct.vBMD) in the radius and from 51.9% (trabecular thickness) to 98.3% (cortical cross-sectional area fraction) in the tibia. Additional adjustments for height, weight, and radial aBMD had no major effect on h2 estimates. In bivariate analyses, moderate to high genetic correlations were found between radial total vBMD and microarchitecture traits (ρG from 0.227 to 0.913), except for cortical porosity. At the tibia, a similar pattern of genetic correlations was observed (ρG from 0.274 to 0.948), except for cortical porosity. Environmental correlations between the microarchitecture traits were also substantial. There were high genetic correlations between UD aBMD and multivariable-adjusted total and trabecular vBMD at the radius (ρG = 0.811 and 0.917, respectively). In summary, in related men and women from a population-based cohort, cortical and trabecular microarchitecture and vBMD at the radius and tibia were heritable and shared some h2 with regional aBMD measured by DXA. These findings of high heritability of HR-pQCT traits, with a slight attenuation when adjusting for aBMD, supports further work to identify the specific variants underlying volumetric bone density and fine structure of long bones. Knowledge that some of these traits are genetically correlated can serve to reduce the number of traits for genetic association studies. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darlene Lu
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry E Broe
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Botre C, Shahu A, Adkar N, Shouche Y, Ghaskadbi S, Ashma R. Superoxide Dismutase 2 Polymorphisms and Osteoporosis in Asian Indians: A Genetic Association Analysis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016; 20:685-97. [PMID: 26336112 DOI: 10.1515/cmble-2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of osteoporosis. The present cross-sectional study focuses on mapping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene in Asian Indians. The bone mineral density (BMD) of study subjects was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Individuals were classified as normal (n = 82) or osteoporotic (n = 98). Biochemical parameters such as vitamin D, total oxidant status (TOS) and SOD2 enzyme activity were estimated from plasma samples. Semi-quantitative PCR was carried out using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and SNPs were evaluated by PCR sequencing. Thirteen SNPs are reported in the examined region of the SOD2 gene, out of which in our samples SNPs rs5746094 and rs4880 were found to be polymorphic. Allele G of rs5746094 (intronic) and allele C of rs4880 (exonic) are significantly higher in the osteoporotic individuals. Presence of allele C of rs4880 and increased level of TOS among osteoporotic individuals were found to be associated with disease risk.
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67
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Gao LH, Li SS, Shao C, Fu WZ, Liu YJ, He JW, Zhang ZL. BMP7 gene polymorphisms are not associated with bone mineral density or osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1076-82. [PMID: 27264311 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A previous study shows that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in 920 European Americans. To determine the association of BMP7 polymorphisms and BMD and osteoporotic fracture susceptibility, we performed a case-control association study in postmenopausal Chinese women with or without osteoporotic fracture. METHODS A total of 3815 unrelated postmenopausal Chinese women (1238 with osteoporotic fracture and 2577 healthy controls) were recruited. BMDs of the lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and proximal femur (including total hip and femoral neck) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BMP7 gene, including rs11086598, rs4811822, rs12481628, rs6025447, rs230205, rs17404303, rs162316 and rs6127980, were genotyped. RESULTS Among the 8 SNPs, rs6025447 and rs230205 were associated with total hip BMD (P=0.013 and 0.045, respectively). However, the associations became statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, height and weight. The TGTG haplotype of BMP7 gene was associated with total hip BMD (P=0.032), even after adjusting for age, height and weight (P=0.048); but the association was insignificant after performing the Bonferroni multiple-significance-test correction. Moreover, the 8 SNPs and 9 haplotypes of BMP7 gene were not associated with L1-4 or femoral neck BMD or osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSION This large-sample case-control association study suggests that the common genetic polymorphisms of BMP7 gene are not major contributors to variations in BMD or osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women.
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68
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Lean Mass and Body Fat Percentage Are Contradictory Predictors of Bone Mineral Density in Pre-Menopausal Pacific Island Women. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080470. [PMID: 27483314 PMCID: PMC4997383 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anecdotally, it is suggested that Pacific Island women have good bone mineral density (BMD) compared to other ethnicities; however, little evidence for this or for associated factors exists. This study aimed to explore associations between predictors of bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2), in pre-menopausal Pacific Island women. Healthy pre-menopausal Pacific Island women (age 16–45 years) were recruited as part of the larger EXPLORE Study. Total body BMD and body composition were assessed using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography (n = 83). A food frequency questionnaire (n = 56) and current bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (n = 59) were completed. Variables expected to be associated with BMD were applied to a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Due to missing data, physical activity and dietary intake factors were considered only in simple correlations. Mean BMD was 1.1 ± 0.08 g/cm2. Bone-free, fat-free lean mass (LMO, 52.4 ± 6.9 kg) and age were positively associated with BMD, and percent body fat (38.4 ± 7.6) was inversely associated with BMD, explaining 37.7% of total variance. Lean mass was the strongest predictor of BMD, while many established contributors to bone health (calcium, physical activity, protein, and vitamin C) were not associated with BMD in this population, partly due to difficulty retrieving dietary data. This highlights the importance of physical activity and protein intake during any weight loss interventions to in order to minimise the loss of muscle mass, whilst maximizing loss of adipose tissue.
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Karas-Kuželički N, Mencej-Bedrač S, Jazbec J, Marc J, Mlinarič-Raščan I. Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:840-846. [PMID: 27446285 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis (ON) has been reported increasingly in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Several risk factors for ON have been identified in childhood cancer patients; however, their diagnostic and prognostic power is limited and the etiology of the disease remains unclear. Therefore, a continuous effort is focused on the identification of additional ON risk factors. We performed a retrospective study of 313 childhood ALL patients to test the association between the ON occurrence in children receiving ALL therapy and common polymorphisms in potential target genes: Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT; 460G>A, 719A>G), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T, 1298A>C), estrogen receptor alpha 1 (ESR1; XbaI) and collagen type I, α1 (COL1A1; Sp1). In the present cohort, higher age and more recently developed treatment protocols were independent risk factors for ON. In children >14.5 years old, TPMT genotype modulated the risk of ON. Additionally, in children <12.9 years old ESR1 genotypes were also implicated in the pathogenesis of ON. Besides greater age and more recent treatment protocols, genetic factors (polymorphisms in ESR1 and TPMT genes) were suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of ON and could be potentially used as genetic prognostic markers for ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Karas-Kuželički
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Mencej-Bedrač
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Jazbec
- Unit of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Xing W, Aghajanian P, Goodluck H, Kesavan C, Cheng S, Pourteymoor S, Watt H, Alarcon C, Mohan S. Thyroid hormone receptor-β1 signaling is critically involved in regulating secondary ossification via promoting transcription of the Ihh gene in the epiphysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E846-54. [PMID: 27026086 PMCID: PMC4895449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00541.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. Although the role of THRα is well established in bone, less is known about the relevance of THRβ-mediated signaling in bone development. On ther basis of our recent finding that TH signaling is essential for initiation and formation of secondary ossification center, we evaluated the role of THRs in mediating TH effects on epiphysial bone formation. Two-day treatment of TH-deficient Tshr(-/-) mice with TH increased THRβ1 mRNA level 3.4-fold at day 7 but had no effect on THRα1 mRNA level at the proximal tibia epiphysis. Treatment of serum-free cultures of tibias from 3-day-old mice with T3 increased THRβ1 expression 2.1- and 13-fold, respectively, at 24 and 72 h. Ten-day treatment of Tshr(-/-) newborns (days 5-14) with THRβ1 agonist GC1 at 0.2 or 2.0 μg/day increased BV/TV at day 21 by 225 and 263%, respectively, compared with vehicle treatment. Two-day treatment with GC1 (0.2 μg/day) increased expression levels of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) 100-fold, osterix 15-fold, and osteocalcin 59-fold compared with vehicle at day 7 in the proximal tibia epiphysis. Gel mobility shift assay demonstrated that a putative TH response element in the distal promoter of mouse Ihh gene interacted with THRβ1. GC1 treatment (1 nM) increased Ihh distal promoter activity 20-fold after 48 h in chondroctyes. Our data suggest a novel role for THRβ1 in secondary ossification at the epiphysis that involves transcriptional upregulation of Ihh gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Patrick Aghajanian
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shaohong Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Heather Watt
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Catrina Alarcon
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; Department of Orthopedics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Tyler AL, Donahue LR, Churchill GA, Carter GW. Weak Epistasis Generally Stabilizes Phenotypes in a Mouse Intercross. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005805. [PMID: 26828925 PMCID: PMC4734753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent and strength of epistasis is commonly unresolved in genetic studies, and observed epistasis is often difficult to interpret in terms of biological consequences or overall genetic architecture. We investigated the prevalence and consequences of epistasis by analyzing four body composition phenotypes—body weight, body fat percentage, femoral density, and femoral circumference—in a large F2 intercross of B6-lit/lit and C3.B6-lit/lit mice. We used Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis (CAPE) to examine interactions for the four phenotypes simultaneously, which revealed an extensive directed network of genetic loci interacting with each other, circulating IGF1, and sex to influence these phenotypes. The majority of epistatic interactions had small effects relative to additive effects of individual loci, and tended to stabilize phenotypes towards the mean of the population rather than extremes. Interactive effects of two alleles inherited from one parental strain commonly resulted in phenotypes closer to the population mean than the additive effects from the two loci, and often much closer to the mean than either single-locus model. Alternatively, combinations of alleles inherited from different parent strains contribute to more extreme phenotypes not observed in either parental strain. This class of phenotype-stabilizing interactions has effects that are close to additive and are thus difficult to detect except in very large intercrosses. Nevertheless, we found these interactions to be useful in generating hypotheses for functional relationships between genetic loci. Our findings suggest that while epistasis is often weak and unlikely to account for a large proportion of heritable variance, even small-effect genetic interactions can facilitate hypotheses of underlying biology in well-powered studies. The role of statistical epistasis in the genetic architecture of complex traits has been of great interest to the genetics community since Fisher introduced the concept in 1918. However, assessing epistasis in human and model organism populations has been impeded by limited statistical power. To mitigate this limitation, we analyzed bone and body composition traits in an unusually large mouse intercross population of over 2000 mice, paired with a recently-developed computational approach that leverages information to detect interactions across multiple phenotypes. We discovered a large network of highly significant genetic interactions between variants that influence complex body composition traits. Although epistasis was abundant, the interaction network was dominated by epistasis that stabilizes phenotypes by reducing phenotypic deviation from the parent strains. Nevertheless, the observed network provides an overview of genetic architecture and specific hypotheses of how QTL combine to affect phenotypes. These findings suggest that epistatic effects are generally of lesser magnitude than main QTL effects, and therefore are unlikely to account for major components of variance, but also reinforce genetic interaction analysis as a potent tool for dissecting the biology of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Leah Rae Donahue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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He H, Cao S, Niu T, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zeng Y, Zhu W, Wang YP, Deng HW. Network-Based Meta-Analyses of Associations of Multiple Gene Expression Profiles with Bone Mineral Density Variations in Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147475. [PMID: 26808152 PMCID: PMC4726665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing microarray studies of bone mineral density (BMD) have been critical for understanding the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and have identified a number of candidate genes. However, these studies were limited by their relatively small sample sizes and were usually analyzed individually. Here, we propose a novel network-based meta-analysis approach that combines data across six microarray studies to identify functional modules from human protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, and highlight several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a functional module that may play an important role in BMD regulation in women. Methods Expression profiling studies were identified by searching PubMed, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress. Two meta-analysis methods were applied across different gene expression profiling studies. The first, a nonparametric Fisher’s method, combined p-values from individual experiments to identify genes with large effect sizes. The second method combined effect sizes from individual datasets into a meta-effect size to gain a higher precision of effect size estimation across all datasets. Genes with Q test’s p-values < 0.05 or I2 values > 50% were assessed by a random effects model and the remainder by a fixed effects model. Using Fisher’s combined p-values, functional modules were identified through an integrated analysis of microarray data in the context of large protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Two previously published meta-analysis studies of genome-wide association (GWA) datasets were used to determine whether these module genes were genetically associated with BMD. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with a hypergeometric test. Results Six gene expression datasets were identified, which included a total of 249 (129 high BMD and 120 low BMD) female subjects. Using a network-based meta-analysis, a consensus module containing 58 genes (nodes) and 83 edges was detected. Pathway enrichment analysis of the 58 module genes revealed that these genes were enriched in several important KEGG pathways including Osteoclast differentiation, B cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway and Insulin signaling pathway. The importance of module genes was replicated by demonstrating that most module genes were genetically associated with BMD in the GWAS data sets. Meta-analyses were performed at the individual gene level by combining p-values and effect sizes. Five candidate genes (ESR1, MAP3K3, PYGM, RAC1 and SYK) were identified based on gene expression meta-analysis, and their associations with BMD were also replicated by two BMD meta-analysis studies. Conclusions In summary, our network-based meta-analysis not only identified important differentially expressed genes but also discovered biologically meaningful functional modules for BMD determination. Our study may provide novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shaolong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yu-ping Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong-wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu F, Ding Y, Guo Y, Liu B, Kou Z, Xiao W, Zhu J. Anti-osteoporosis effect of Epimedium via an estrogen-like mechanism based on a system-level approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 177:148-60. [PMID: 26593211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedium is a popular traditional herbal medicine worldwide that has long been used to relieve osteoporosis. The estrogenic properties of the herb are conferred by several phytoestrogens, such as flavonoids, lignans, and steroids. However, the poor understanding on the estrogen-like mechanism of Epimedium at the molecular and system levels limits the applications of this herb in osteoporosis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, systems pharmacology was established to investigate the relationship between Epimedium and estrogen against osteoporosis by integrating active component screening, drug-likeness evaluation, herb feature mapping, target prediction and validation, and network analysis. RESULTS A total of 77 active components that possessed similar structural features to estrogen as determined using herb feature mapping were selected from Epimedium by oral bioavailability prediction and drug-likeness evaluation. Twenty three osteoporosis-related targets were obtained from the active components of Epimedium as potential targets, 11 of which were common targets with estrogen. All osteoporosis-related targets were further mapped to compound-target and target-pathway networks. Results displayed that Epimedium can exert anti-osteoporosis effects by directly regulating the 11 estrogen-related targets and a set of target proteins on five estrogen-related pathways. CONCLUSION This study explained the estrogen-like mechanism of Epimedium in preventing and treating osteoporosis, and provided a new standpoint for exploring the traditional herbal medicine against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China.
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Baoyue Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Zinong Kou
- Instrumental analysis center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang 222001, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China.
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Mafi Golchin M, Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Akhavan-Niaki H. Osteoporosis: A Silent Disease with Complex Genetic Contribution. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:49-61. [PMID: 26924688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common multifactorial metabolic bone disorder worldwide with a strong genetic component. In this review, the evidence for a genetic contribution to osteoporosis and related phenotypes is summarized alongside with methods used to identify osteoporosis susceptibility genes. The key biological pathways involved in the skeleton and bone development are discussed with a particular focus on master genes clustered in these pathways and their mode of action. Furthermore, the most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed for their importance as genetic markers of the disease are presented. New data generated by next-generation sequencing in conjunction with extensive meta-analyses should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of osteoporosis and related phenotype variability. These data could be ultimately used for identifying at-risk patients for disease prevention by both controlling environmental factors and providing possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mafi Golchin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran.
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Dehghan M, Pourahmad-Jaktaji R, Farzaneh Z. Calcitonin Receptor AluI (rs1801197) and Taq1 Calcitonin Genes Polymorphism in 45-and Over 45-year-old Women and their Association with Bone Density. Acta Inform Med 2016; 24:239-243. [PMID: 27708484 PMCID: PMC5037997 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2016.24.239-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcitonin receptor gene has also a polymorphism which is associated with bone mass density. This study evaluates the association between calcitonin receptor AluI (rs1801197) and Taq1 calcitonin genes polymorphism with bone density rate. METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study in 2013 in southwestern Iran, 200 blood samples, per the Cochran sample size formula, were taken from women aged 45 and older. DNA was extracted from the samples using the phenol- chloroform method and the genomic fragments in question were proliferated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS The genotypic distribution of polymorphism AluI for TT, TC, and CC genotypes in control group was 31.4%, 38.6%, and 30% and in patients 25.4%, 55.4%, and 19.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in polymorphism AluI between patients and control group and no significant association was found between this gene and bone density rate (P > 0.05). All patients and the individuals in the control group exhibited tt genotype for TaqI calcitonin gene and no significant association was found between these participants and osteoporosis. CONCLUSION There was no association between two polymorphisms and osteoporosis, and between polymorphism of these two genes and osteoporosis development rate in the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Dehghan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Formosa MM, Xuereb-Anastasi A. Biochemical Predictors of Low Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Susceptibility in Maltese Postmenopausal Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:28-41. [PMID: 26400554 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fractures are complex conditions influenced by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to investigate three biochemical parameters including total serum calcium, total serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) and albumin in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN), and with all-type of low-trauma fractures in Maltese postmenopausal women. Levels were also correlated with age and physical activity. A case-control study of 1045 women was performed. Women who suffered a fracture were classified as cases whereas women without a fracture history were included as controls subdivided into normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic according to their BMD measurements. Blood specimens were collected following good standard practice and testing was performed by spectrophotometry. Calcium and sALP levels were weakly correlated with FN BMD levels (calcium: r = -0.111, p = 0.002; sALP: r = 0.089, p = 0.013). Fracture cases had the lowest serum levels of calcium, sALP and albumin relative to all other control groups, which decreased with increasing age, possibly increasing fracture risk. Biochemical levels were lowest in women who sustained a hip fracture and more than one fracture. Biochemical parameters decreased with reduced physical activity; however, this was most evident for fracture cases. Reduced physical activity was associated with lower BMD levels at the hip, and to a lower extent at the spine. In conclusion, results suggest that levels of serum calcium and albumin could be indicative of fracture risk, whereas calcium levels and to lower extent sALP levels could be indicators of hip BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Block A, Level 1, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Angela Xuereb-Anastasi
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Block A, Level 1, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
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Garfinkel BP, Arad S, Le PT, Bustin M, Rosen CJ, Gabet Y, Orly J. Proportionate Dwarfism in Mice Lacking Heterochromatin Protein 1 Binding Protein 3 (HP1BP3) Is Associated With Alterations in the Endocrine IGF-1 Pathway. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4558-70. [PMID: 26402843 PMCID: PMC5393342 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) is a recently described histone H1-related protein with roles in chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. To explore the potential physiological role of HP1BP3, we have previously described an Hp1bp3(-/-) mouse model with reduced postnatal viability and growth. We now find that these mice are proportionate dwarfs, with reduction in body weight, body length, and organ weight. In addition to their small size, microcomputed tomography analysis showed that Hp1bp3(-/-) mice present a dramatic impairment of their bone development and structure. By 3 weeks of age, mice of both sexes have severely impaired cortical and trabecular bone, and these defects persist into adulthood and beyond. Primary cultures of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts from Hp1bp3(-/-) bone marrow and splenocytes, respectively, showed normal differentiation and function, strongly suggesting that the impaired bone accrual is due to noncell autonomous systemic cues in vivo. One major endocrine pathway regulating both body growth and bone acquisition is the IGF regulatory system, composed of IGF-1, the IGF receptors, and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). At 3 weeks of age, Hp1bp3(-/-) mice exhibited a 60% reduction in circulating IGF-1 and a 4-fold increase in the levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. These alterations were reflected in similar changes in the hepatic transcripts of the Igf1, Igfbp1, and Igfbp2 genes. Collectively, these results suggest that HP1BP3 plays a key role in normal growth and bone development by regulating transcription of endocrine IGF-1 components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Shiri Arad
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Phuong T. Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Michael Bustin
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
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Epigenetic landscape in PPARγ2 in the enhancement of adipogenesis of mouse osteoporotic bone marrow stromal cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2504-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the strongest predictors for osteoporosis is peak bone mass. Interventions to augment peak bone mass have yet to be developed. β-Ecdysone (βEcd), a natural steroid-like compound produced by arthropods to initiate metamorphosis, is believed to have androgenic effects and so may be used to augment bone mass. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to use both male and female (1) gonadal-sufficient; and (2) -insufficient mice to investigate sex differences in terms of bone development and structure after βEcd administration. METHODS Two-month-old male and female Swiss-Webster mice were randomized to receive either vehicle or βEcd (0.5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. In a separate experiment to evaluate the effects of βEcd on sex hormone-deficient mice, gonadectomy was performed in male (orchiectomy [ORX]) and female mice (ovariectomy [OVX]). Sham-operated and the ORX/OVX mice were then treated for 3 weeks with βEcd. Primary endpoints for the study were trabecular bone structure and bone strength. RESULTS In male mice, the trabecular bone volume was 0.18±0.02 in the placebo-treated (PL) and 0.23±0.02 in the βEcd-treated group (p<0.05 versus PL); and 0.09±0.01 in the ORX group (p<0.05 versus PL) and 0.12±0.01 in the ORX+βEcd group. Vertebral bone strength (maximum load) was 43±2 in PL and 51±1 in the βEcd-treated group (p<0.05 versus PL); and 30±4 in the ORX group (p<0.05 versus PL) and 37±3 in the ORX+βEcd group. In female mice, trabecular bone volume was 0.23±0.02 in PL and 0.26±0.02 in the βEcd-treated group (p<0.05 versus PL); and 0.15±0.01 in the OVX group (p<0.05 versus PL) and 0.14±0.01 in the OVX+βEcd group. Maximum load of the vertebrae was 45±2 in PL and 48±4 in the βEcd-treated group; and 39±4 in the OVX group (p<0.05 versus PL) and 44±4 in the OVX+βEcd group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential use of βEcd in the augmentation of bone mass in growing male and female mice. It may also partially prevent the detrimental effects of gonadectomy on trabecular bone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results support the potential use of βEcd or nature products that are rich in βEcd to augment peak bone mass. βEcd may differ from the other anabolic hormone treatments that may have severe side effects such as serious cardiac complications. However, its effects on humans remain to be determined.
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80
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Moran JM, Pedrera-Canal M, Rodriguez-Velasco FJ, Vera V, Lavado-Garcia JM, Fernandez P, Pedrera-Zamorano JD. Lack of association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with bone mineral density in Spanish postmenopausal women. PeerJ 2015; 3:e953. [PMID: 26157644 PMCID: PMC4493697 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a polygenic disorder that is determined by the effects of several genes, each with relatively modest effects on bone mass. The aim of this study was to determine whether the vitamin D receptor single nucleotide polymorphism BsmI is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in Spanish postmenopausal women. A total of 210 unrelated healthy postmenopausal women aged 60 ± 8 years were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays. Lumbar and femoral BMD were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Daily calcium and vitamin D intake were determined by a food questionnaire. No differences were found in the femoral neck, trochanter, Ward’s Triangle, L2, L3, L4, L2-L4, or between the femoral neck and total hip BMD after further adjustment for potential confounding factors (P > 0.05) (age, BMI, years since menopause and daily calcium intake). The BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene was not associated with BMD in Spanish postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Maria Pedrera-Canal
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodriguez-Velasco
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Vicente Vera
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesus M Lavado-Garcia
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernandez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan D Pedrera-Zamorano
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Johnsson M, Jonsson KB, Andersson L, Jensen P, Wright D. Genetic regulation of bone metabolism in the chicken: similarities and differences to Mammalian systems. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005250. [PMID: 26023928 PMCID: PMC4449198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds have a unique bone physiology, due to the demands placed on them through egg production. In particular their medullary bone serves as a source of calcium for eggshell production during lay and undergoes continuous and rapid remodelling. We take advantage of the fact that bone traits have diverged massively during chicken domestication to map the genetic basis of bone metabolism in the chicken. We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) mapping study in an advanced intercross based on Red Junglefowl (the wild progenitor of the modern domestic chicken) and White Leghorn chickens. We measured femoral bone traits in 456 chickens by peripheral computerised tomography and femoral gene expression in a subset of 125 females from the cross with microarrays. This resulted in 25 loci for female bone traits, 26 loci for male bone traits and 6318 local eQTL loci. We then overlapped bone and gene expression loci, before checking for an association between gene expression and trait values to identify candidate quantitative trait genes for bone traits. A handful of our candidates have been previously associated with bone traits in mice, but our results also implicate unexpected and largely unknown genes in bone metabolism. In summary, by utilising the unique bone metabolism of an avian species, we have identified a number of candidate genes affecting bone allocation and metabolism. These findings can have ramifications not only for the understanding of bone metabolism genetics in general, but could also be used as a potential model for osteoporosis as well as revealing new aspects of vertebrate bone regulation or features that distinguish avian and mammalian bone. In this work we seek to further the understanding of bone genetics by mapping bone traits and gene expression in the chicken. Bone in female birds is special due to egg production. In this study, we combine the genetic mapping of bone traits with bone gene expression to find candidate quantitative trait genes that explain the differences between wild and domestic chickens in terms of bone production. The concept of combining genetic mapping and gene expression mapping is not new, and has already been successful in isolating bone-related genes in mammals, however this is the first time it has been applied to an avian system with such unique bone modelling processes. We aim to reveal new molecular mechanisms of bone regulation, and many of the candidates we find are new, highlighting the potential this technique has to identify the potential differences between avian and mammalian bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Johnsson
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kenneth B. Jonsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Gervas-Arruga J, Cebolla JJ, de Blas I, Roca M, Pocovi M, Giraldo P. The influence of genetic variability and proinflammatory status on the development of bone disease in patients with Gaucher disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126153. [PMID: 25978039 PMCID: PMC4433334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Bone complications are the major cause of morbidity in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1). Genetic components strongly influence bone remodelling. In addition, chronic inflammation produced by Gaucher cells induces the production of several cytokines, which leads to direct changes in the bone remodelling process and can also affect the process indirectly through other immune cells. In this study, we analysed the association between bone mineral density (BMD), bone marrow burden score, and relevant genetic polymorphisms related to bone metabolism, as well as profiles of proinflammatory cytokines in a GD1 cohort. This study included 83 patients distributed according to bone status. BMD was measured with DXA and broadband ultrasound attenuation; bone marrow involvement was evaluated using MRI. We also analysed 26 SNPs located in 14 genes related to bone metabolism. To assess proinflammatory status, we analysed IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNFα in plasma samples from 71 control participants and GD1 patients. SNP genotype proportions and BMD differed significantly between ESRI c.453-397T>C and VDR c.1024+283G>A variants. We also observed significant associations between GD1 genotypes and bone affectation. When patients were stratified by spleen status, we observed significant correlations between non-/splenectomized groups and Spanish MRI (S-MRI) score. Across genotype proportions of non-/splenectomized patients and S-MRI, we observed significant differences in ESRI c.453-397T>C, VDR c.-83-25988G>A, and TNFRSF11B c.9C>G polymorphisms. We observed different significant proinflammatory profiles between control participants, treatment-naïve patients, and patients on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT); between non-/splenectomized patients (between untreated and ERT-treated patients) and among those with differing GBA genotypes. The data suggest that patients with GD1 have increased susceptibility to developing bone disease owing to the coexistence of genetic variants, and that genetic background in GD1 is fundamental to regulate the impact of proinflammatory status on the development of bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gervas-Arruga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Spanish Gaucher Disease Foundation (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Javier Cebolla
- Spanish Gaucher Disease Foundation (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa y Epidemiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roca
- Spanish Gaucher Disease Foundation (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
- International Skeletal Society-Radiodiagnostic Center, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Pocovi
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Spanish Gaucher Disease Foundation (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
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Mlakar V, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Zupan J, Komadina R, Prezelj J, Marc J. ADRA2A is involved in neuro-endocrine regulation of bone resorption. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1520-9. [PMID: 25818344 PMCID: PMC4511350 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic stimulation is important for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Previous research shows that this happens through β2-adrenergic receptor (AR), but there are conflicting evidence on presence and role of α2A-AR in bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of α2A-AR and its involvement in neuro-endocrine signalling of bone remodelling in humans. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate α2A-AR receptor presence and localization in bone cells. Functionality of rs553668 and rs1800544 single nucleotide polymorphism SNPs located in α2A-AR gene was analysed by qPCR expression on bone samples and luciferase reporter assay in human osteosarcoma HOS cells. Using real-time PCR, genetic association study between rs553668 A>G and rs1800544 C>G SNPs and major bone markers was performed on 661 Slovenian patients with osteoporosis. α2A-AR is expressed in osteoblasts and lining cells but not in osteocytes. SNP rs553668 has a significant influence on α2A-AR mRNA level in human bone samples through the stability of mRNA. α2A-AR gene locus associates with important bone remodelling markers (BMD, CTX, Cathepsin K and pOC). The results of this study are providing comprehensive new evidence that α2A-AR is involved in neuro-endocrine signalling of bone turnover and development of osteoporosis. As shown by our results the neurological signalling is mediated through osteoblasts and result in bone resorption. Genetic study showed association of SNPs in α2A-AR gene locus with bone remodelling markers, identifying the individuals with higher risk of development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radko Komadina
- Department for Research and Education, General and Teaching Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Janez Prezelj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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84
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Micucci JA, Sperry ED, Martin DM. Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding proteins in stem cells and human developmental diseases. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:917-26. [PMID: 25567374 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of gene expression is vital for proper cellular development and maintenance of differentiated states. Over the past 20 years, chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications of histones have emerged as key controllers of rapid reversible changes in gene expression. Mutations in genes encoding enzymes that modify chromatin have also been identified in a variety of human neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging from isolated intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder to multiple congenital anomaly conditions that affect major organ systems and cause severe morbidity and mortality. In this study, we review recent evidence that chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins regulate stem cell proliferation, fate, and differentiation in a wide variety of tissues and organs. We also highlight known roles of CHD proteins in human developmental diseases and present current unanswered questions about the pleiotropic effects of CHD protein complexes, their genetic targets, nucleosome sliding functions, and enzymatic effects in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Micucci
- 1 Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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85
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He H, Zhang L, Li J, Wang YP, Zhang JG, Shen J, Guo YF, Deng HW. Integrative analysis of GWASs, human protein interaction, and gene expression identified gene modules associated with BMDs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2392-9. [PMID: 25119315 PMCID: PMC4223444 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT To date, few systems genetics studies in the bone field have been performed. We designed our study from a systems-level perspective by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWASs), human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and gene expression to identify gene modules contributing to osteoporosis risk. METHODS First we searched for modules significantly enriched with bone mineral density (BMD)-associated genes in human PPI network by using 2 large meta-analysis GWAS datasets through a dense module search algorithm. One included 7 individual GWAS samples (Meta7). The other was from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS2). One was assigned as a discovery dataset and the other as an evaluation dataset, and vice versa. RESULTS In total, 42 modules and 129 modules were identified significantly in both Meta7 and GEFOS2 datasets for femoral neck and spine BMD, respectively. There were 3340 modules identified for hip BMD only in Meta7. As candidate modules, they were assessed for the biological relevance to BMD by gene set enrichment analysis in 2 expression profiles generated from circulating monocytes in subjects with low versus high BMD values. Interestingly, there were 2 modules significantly enriched in monocytes from the low BMD group in both gene expression datasets (nominal P value <.05). Two modules had 16 nonredundant genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that both modules were enriched for genes involved in Wnt receptor signaling and osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSION We highlighted 2 modules and novel genes playing important roles in the regulation of bone mass, providing important clues for therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (H.H., L.Z., J.L., Y.-P.W., J.-G.Z., H.-W.D.), Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112; Biomedical Engineering Department (Y.-P.W.), Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; and Third Affiliated Hospital (J.S., Y.-F.G., H.-W.D.), China Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou 510000, People's Republic of China
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86
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Canto-Cetina T, Cetina Manzanilla JA, González Herrera L, Rojano-Mejía D, Coral-Vázquez RM, Coronel A, Canto P. VDR polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density in post-menopausal Mayan-Mestizo women. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:470-5. [PMID: 25347090 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.967295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), which is determined by an interaction of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. AIM To analyse the association between two polymorphisms of VDR as well as their haplotypes with BMD in post-menopausal Maya-Mestizo women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study comprised 600 post-menopausal Maya-Mestizo women. A structured questionnaire for risk factors was applied and BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR (rs731236 and rs2228570) were studied using real-time PCR allelic discrimination for genotyping. Differences between the means of the BMDs according to the genotype were analysed with covariance. Haplotype analysis was conducted. RESULTS TT genotype of rs731236 of VDR had higher BMD at total hip and femoral neck (FN), and one haplotype formed by the two polymorphisms was associated with only TH-BMD variations. This difference was statistically significant after adjustment for confounders. The genotype of rs2228570 of VDR analysis showed no significant differences with BMD variations. CONCLUSION The results showed that the TT genotype of rs731236 of VDR and one haplotype formed by rs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were associated with higher BMD at TH and FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Canto-Cetina
- a Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción , Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi' , Mérida Yucatán , México
| | | | - Lizbeth González Herrera
- c Laboratorio de Genética , Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi' , Mérida Yucatán , México
| | - David Rojano-Mejía
- d Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Región Centro, UMAE Lomas Verdes, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , México, D.F. , México
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- e Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , México, D.F. , Mexico .,f Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , México, D.F. , México
| | - Agustín Coronel
- g División de Investigación Biomédica , Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , México, D.F. , México , and
| | - Patricia Canto
- g División de Investigación Biomédica , Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , México, D.F. , México , and.,h Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México, D.F. , México
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87
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TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms, bone mineral density, and fractures in Slovak postmenopausal women. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:57-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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89
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Pineda B, Serna E, Laguna-Fernández A, Noguera I, Panach L, Hermenegildo C, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. Gene expression profile induced by ovariectomy in bone marrow of mice: a functional approach to identify new candidate genes associated to osteoporosis risk in women. Bone 2014; 65:33-41. [PMID: 24815918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal pathology with a main genetic component. To date, however, the majority of genes associated with this pathology remain unknown since genes cataloged to date only explain a part of the heritability of bone phenotypes. In the present study, we have used a genome-wide gene expression approach by means of microarrays to identify new candidate genes involved in the physiopathology of osteoporosis, using as a model the ovariectomized (OVX) mice by comparing global bone marrow gene expression of the OVX mice with those of SHAM operated mice. One hundred and eighty transcripts were found to be differentially expressed between groups. The analysis showed 23 significant regulatory networks, of which the top five canonical pathways included B-cell development, primary immunodeficiency signaling, PI3K signaling in B-cells, phospholipase C signaling, and FcgRIIB signaling in B-cells. Twelve differentially expressed genes were validated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with good reproducibility. Finally, the association to bone phenotypes of SNPs in genes whose expression was increased (IL7R and CD79A) or decreased (GPX3 and IRAK3) by OVX in mice was analyzed in a cohort of 706 postmenopausal women. We detected an association of a SNP in a gene involved in the detoxification of free radicals like glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) with femoral neck BMD (rs8177447, P=0.043) and two SNPs in the Ig-alpha protein of the B-cell antigen component gene (CD79A) with lumbar spine BMD (rs3810153 and rs1428922, P=0.016 and P=0.001, respectively). These results reinforce the role of antioxidant pathways and of B-cells in bone metabolism. Furthermore, it shows that a genome-wide gene expression approach in animal models is a useful method for detecting genes associated to BMD and osteoporosis risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Pineda
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Research Unit - INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Noguera
- Research Unit - INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Layla Panach
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermenegildo
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Pérez
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Spain.
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90
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Association of calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:165-72. [PMID: 25055932 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene polymorphism C1377T and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women has been studied to some degree in Western countries, but the reports remain inconclusive and have not been generalized to other populations. PURPOSE To evaluate the association of CTR gene polymorphism C1377T with BMD in the Han Chinese population. METHODS We searched for all published articles indexed in MEDLINE (1950-2014), EMBASE (1974-2014), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, 1994-2014), and the Wanfang Database, using the key words "polymorphism," "CTR," "osteoporosis," and "bone density." The data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The heterogeneity between studies was determined using the Chi-square-based Q test. Potential publication bias was estimated using a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS Six eligible studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Our analysis suggested that the C1377T polymorphism of the CTR gene was associated with BMD at the lumbar spine (95 % CI -0.57 to -0.05; P = 0.02), but not associated with BMD at the femoral neck (95 % CI -0.27 to 0.24; P = 0.90) in the postmenopausal Han Chinese population. CONCLUSION The C1377T polymorphism in the CTR gene is associated with BMD at the lumbar spine in a postmenopausal Han Chinese population and the CTR gene may become a useful genetic marker for predicting the risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women.
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91
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Velázquez-Cruz R, García-Ortiz H, Castillejos-López M, Quiterio M, Valdés-Flores M, Orozco L, Villarreal-Molina T, Salmerón J. WNT3A gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density variation in postmenopausal mestizo women of an urban Mexican population: findings of a pathway-based high-density single nucleotide screening. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9635. [PMID: 24584697 PMCID: PMC4082595 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and is a common health problem in Mexico. To date, few genes affecting BMD variation in the Mexican population have been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes of the Wnt pathway with BMD variation at various skeletal sites in a cohort of postmenopausal Mexican women. A total of 121 SNPs in or near 15 Wnt signaling pathway genes and 96 ancestry informative markers were genotyped in 425 postmenopausal women using the Illumina GoldenGate microarray SNP genotyping method. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in total hip, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and lumbar spine. Associations were tested by linear regression for quantitative traits adjusting for possible confounding factors. SNP rs752107 in WNT3A was strongly associated with decreased total hip BMD showing the highest significance under the recessive model (P = 0.00012). This SNP is predicted to disrupt a binding site for microRNA-149. In addition, a polymorphism of the Wnt antagonist DKK2 was associated with BMD in femoral neck under a recessive model (P = 0.009). Several LRP4, LRP5, and LRP6 gene variants showed site-specific associations with BMD. In conclusion, this is the first report associating Wnt pathway gene variants with BMD in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México, D.F., C.P. 14610, México,
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92
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Scotece M, Conde J, Abella V, López V, Pino J, Lago F, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Bone metabolism and adipokines: are there perspectives for bone diseases drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:945-57. [PMID: 24857197 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.922539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, the idea that white adipose tissue (WAT) is simply an energy depot organ has been radically changed. Indeed, present understanding suggests WAT to be an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting a wide variety of proteins termed adipokines. These adipokines appear to be relevant factors involved in a number of different functions, including metabolism, immune response, inflammation and bone metabolism. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on the effects of several adipose tissue-derived factors in bone pathophysiology. They also consider how the modification of the adipokine network could potentially lead to promising treatment options for bone diseases. EXPERT OPINION There are currently substantial developments being made in the understanding of the interplay between bone metabolism and the metabolic system. These insights could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies and interventions with the aim of successful outcomes in many people affected by bone disorders. Specifically, future research should look into the intimate mechanisms regulating peripheral and central activity of adipokines as it has potential for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Scotece
- Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, Division of Rheumatology, Research Laboratory 9 , Santiago de Compostela, 15706 , Spain
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Ishikawa S, Kim Y, Kang M, Morgan DW. Effects of weight-bearing exercise on bone health in girls: a meta-analysis. Sports Med 2014; 43:875-92. [PMID: 23754172 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because growing bone possesses a greater capacity to adapt to mechanical loading than does mature bone, it is important for girls to engage in weight-bearing activities, especially since the prevalence of osteoporosis among older women is considerably higher than that of older men. In recent years, the osteogenic potential of weight-bearing activities performed by children and adolescents has received increasing attention and accumulating evidence suggests that this type of activity may improve bone health prior to adulthood and help prevent osteoporosis later in life. OBJECTIVE Because previous interventions have varied with respect to the exercise parameters studied and sometimes produced conflicting findings, this meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the impact of weight-bearing exercise on the bone health of female children and adolescents and quantify the influence of key moderating variables (e.g. pubertal stage, exercise mode, intervention strategy, exercise duration, frequency of exercise, programme length and study design) on skeletal development in this cohort. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Physical Education Index, Science Direct and ProQuest. Search terms included 'bone mass', 'bone mineral', 'bone health', 'exercise' and 'physical activity'. Randomized- and non-randomized controlled trials featuring healthy prepubertal, early-pubertal and pubertal girls and measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry were examined. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to determine weighted mean effect sizes (ES) and conduct moderator analyses for three different regions of interest [i.e. total body, lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck]. RESULTS From 17 included studies, 72 ES values were retrieved. Our findings revealed a small, but significant influence of weight-bearing exercise on BMC and aBMD of the LS (overall ES 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.33 and overall ES 0.26, 95% CI 0.09, 0.43, respectively) and BMC of the femoral neck (ES 0.23; 95% CI 0.10, 0.36). For both aBMD and BMC, overall ES was not affected by any moderator variables except frequency of exercise, such that weight-bearing activity performed for more than 3 days per week resulted in a significantly greater ES value for LS aBMD compared with programmes lasting 3 or fewer days per week [Cochran's Q statistic (Qbetween) = 4.09; p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION The impact of weight-bearing activities seems to be site specific, and a greater frequency of weight-bearing activities is related to greater aBMD of LS in growing girls. Future investigations are warranted to better understand the dose-response relationship between weight-bearing activity and bone health in girls and explore the mediating role of pubertal status in promoting skeletal development among female youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ishikawa
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 96, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
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Auerkari EI, Suryandari DA, Umami SS, Kusdhany LS, Siregar TWA, Rahardjo TBW, Talbot C, Hogervorst E. Gene promoter polymorphism of RUNX2 and risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indonesian women. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114531571. [PMID: 26770724 PMCID: PMC4607188 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114531571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease of reduced bone mass density (BMD) and elevated risk of fracture due to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption. The risk and incidence of osteoporosis increase towards advanced age, particularly in postmenopausal women, and the risk is known to be affected by the variation in the expression of the associated regulatory genes. This work aimed to clarify the impact of variation in RUNX2 (runt domain transcription factor 2), which is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor that normally stimulates bone formation and osteoblast differentiation, regarding single-nucleotide polymorphism within RUNX2 promoter (P1) and risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indonesian women. Methods: Using DNA sampling from blood, the variation at the single-nucleotide polymorphism (-330, G→T, rs59983488) at the RUNX2 P1 promoter was investigated using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism for 180 consenting postmenopausal Indonesian women. The subjects were examined for bone mass density and classification to normal and those with osteopenia or osteoporosis by T-scoring with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were mainly used for statistical assessment. Results: The results showed a general trend with increased risk of osteoporosis associated with the genotype TT (mutant type) and the corresponding T allele of the tested polymorphism of RUNX2 promoter P1. The trend was, however, not significant in multivariate testing adjusted for age and time after menopause. Conclusion: To confirm the potential risk with TT genotype would require testing of a much larger sample of subjects. As the tested single-nucleotide polymorphism only represents one of the relevant candidate locations of RUNX2, the results are taken nevertheless to suggest an impact by overall RUNX2 variation in the risk of osteoporosis in Indonesian postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza I Auerkari
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Centre for Ageing Studies, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi A Suryandari
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri S Umami
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lindawati S Kusdhany
- Centre for Ageing Studies, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tut Wuri A Siregar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Budi W Rahardjo
- Centre for Ageing Studies, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Eef Hogervorst
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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95
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Alemayehu BK, Fikre EG, Zenebe GD, Abebe T, Tsigabu-Bezabih .. Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5897/jphe2013.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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96
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Benasciutti E, Mariani E, Oliva L, Scolari M, Perilli E, Barras E, Milan E, Orfanelli U, Fazzalari NL, Campana L, Capobianco A, Otten L, Particelli F, Acha-Orbea H, Baruffaldi F, Faccio R, Sitia R, Reith W, Cenci S. MHC class II transactivator is an in vivo regulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone homeostasis co-opted from adaptive immunity. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:290-303. [PMID: 24038328 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular networks controlling bone homeostasis are not fully understood. The common evolution of bone and adaptive immunity encourages the investigation of shared regulatory circuits. MHC Class II Transactivator (CIITA) is a master transcriptional co-activator believed to be exclusively dedicated for antigen presentation. CIITA is expressed in osteoclast precursors, and its expression is accentuated in osteoporotic mice. We thus asked whether CIITA plays a role in bone biology. To this aim, we fully characterized the bone phenotype of two mouse models of CIITA overexpression, respectively systemic and restricted to the monocyte-osteoclast lineage. Both CIITA-overexpressing mouse models revealed severe spontaneous osteoporosis, as assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry, associated with increased osteoclast numbers and enhanced in vivo bone resorption, whereas osteoblast numbers and in vivo bone-forming activity were unaffected. To understand the underlying cellular and molecular bases, we investigated ex vivo the differentiation of mutant bone marrow monocytes into osteoclasts and immune effectors, as well as osteoclastogenic signaling pathways. CIITA-overexpressing monocytes differentiated normally into effector macrophages or dendritic cells but showed enhanced osteoclastogenesis, whereas CIITA ablation suppressed osteoclast differentiation. Increased c-fms and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling underlay enhanced osteoclast differentiation from CIITA-overexpressing precursors. Moreover, by extending selected phenotypic and cellular analyses to additional genetic mouse models, namely MHC Class II deficient mice and a transgenic mouse line lacking a specific CIITA promoter and re-expressing CIITA in the thymus, we excluded MHC Class II expression and T cells from contributing to the observed skeletal phenotype. Altogether, our study provides compelling genetic evidence that CIITA, the molecular switch of antigen presentation, plays a novel, unexpected function in skeletal homeostasis, independent of MHC Class II expression and T cells, by exerting a selective and intrinsic control of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Benasciutti
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology and BoNetwork, DiBiT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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97
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McManus MM, Weiss KR, Hughes DPM. Understanding the role of Notch in osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:67-92. [PMID: 24924169 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway has been described as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, but the myriad functions of all the members of this complex signaling pathway, both in malignant cells and nonmalignant components of tumors, make it more difficult to define Notch as simply an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. The cell-autonomous behaviors caused by Notch pathway manipulation may vary between cell lines but can include changes in proliferation, migration, invasiveness, oxidative stress resistance, and expression of markers associated with stemness or tumor-initiating cells. Beyond these roles, Notch signaling also plays a vital role in regulating tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which are vital aspects of osteosarcoma growth and behavior in vivo. Further, osteosarcoma cells themselves express relatively low levels of Notch ligand, making it likely that nonmalignant cells, especially endothelial cells and pericytes, are the major source of Notch activation in osteosarcoma tumors in vivo and in patients. As a result, Notch pathway expression is not expected to be uniform across a tumor but likely to be highest in those areas immediately adjacent to blood vessels. Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway is likewise expected to be complicated. Most pharmacologic approaches thus far have focused on inhibition of gamma secretase, a protease of the presenilin complex. This enzyme, however, has numerous other target proteins that would be expected to affect osteosarcoma behavior, including CD44, the WNT/β-catenin pathway, and Her-4. In addition, Notch plays a vital role in tissue and organ homeostasis in numerous systems, and toxicities, especially GI intolerance, have limited the effectiveness of gamma secretase inhibitors. New approaches are in development, and the downstream targets of Notch pathway signaling also may turn out to be good targets for therapy. In summary, a full understanding of the complex functions of Notch in osteosarcoma is only now unfolding, and this deeper knowledge will help position the field to better utilize novel therapies as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M McManus
- The Children's Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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98
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Romanello M, Piatkowska E, Antoniali G, Cesaratto L, Vascotto C, Iozzo RV, Delneri D, Brancia FL. Osteoblastic cell secretome: a novel role for progranulin during risedronate treatment. Bone 2014; 58:81-91. [PMID: 24120669 PMCID: PMC5072534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that osteoblasts, the key cells involved in bone formation during development and in adult life, secrete a number of glycoproteins harboring autocrine and paracrine functions. Thus, investigating the osteoblastic secretome could yield important information for the pathophysiology of bone. In the present study, we characterized for the first time the secretome of human Hobit osteoblastic cells. We discovered that the secretome comprised 89 protein species including the powerful growth factor progranulin. Recombinant human progranulin (6nM) induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in both Hobit and osteocytic cells and induced cell proliferation and survival. Notably, risedronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, induced the expression and secretion of progranulin in the Hobit secretome. In addition, our proteomic study of the Hobit secretome revealed that risedronate induced the expression of ERp57, HSP60 and HSC70, three proteins already shown to be associated with the prevention of bone loss in osteoporosis. Collectively, our findings unveil novel targets of risedronate-evoked biological effects on osteoblast-like cells and further our understanding of the mechanisms of action of this currently used compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Romanello
- Laboratory of Regional Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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99
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Relation of the estrogen receptor and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women. Gene 2013; 537:10-4. [PMID: 24389498 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since osteoporosis is a complex disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), which is determined by an interaction of genetics with metabolic and environmental factors, the aim of this study was to analyze the possible association among one polymorphism of VDR and two polymorphisms of ESR1; as well as their haplotypes with BMD in postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women. METHODS We studied 742 postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women. A structured questionnaire for risk factors was applied and BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and total hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. One polymorphism of VDR (rs11568820) and two of ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) were studied. Real-time PCR allelic discrimination was used for genotyping. The differences between the means of the BMDs according to genotype were analyzed with covariance. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r(2); haplotype analysis was conducted. RESULTS Rs9340799 of ESR1 and one haplotype formed by the two polymorphisms of the ESR1 were significantly associated with FN-BMD variations. Moreover, analysis of the genotype of rs11568820 of VDR and the rs2234693 of ESR1 showed no significant differences with BMD variations. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that rs9340799 and one haplotype of ESR1 were significantly associated with BMD only at the femoral neck and this association remained after adjusting for covariates.
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100
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Guo L, Tang K, Quan Z, Zhao Z, Jiang D. Association between seven common OPG genetic polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk: a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 33:29-39. [PMID: 24283361 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional polymorphisms of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene are known to be involved in bone mineral density and the development of osteoporosis; however, some conflicting results have been reported. The aim of this meta-analysis is to provide a relatively comprehensive assessment of the relationship between seven common OPG genetic polymorphisms (T149C, A163G, G209A, T245G, T950C, G1181C, and C1217T) and osteoporosis risk. A literature search for eligible studies published before August 1st, 2013 was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases. Pooled odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association under fixed- or random-effect models according to a heterogeneity test. All analyses were performed using the STATA software, version 12.0. Fourteen case-control studies with a total of 2383 osteoporosis cases and 2280 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Among the seven polymorphisms, A163G and G1181C revealed significant associations with osteoporosis risk. For A163G (rs3102735), the combined results showed that the G allele of the A163G polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Stratified analyses showed that the magnitude of the effect was similar in Caucasian and postmenopausal woman subgroups. For G1181C (rs2073618), however, we found that individuals with the C allele of the G1181C polymorphism had a decreased risk of osteoporosis, especially in Asian and postmenopausal woman subgroups. In summary, this meta-analysis indicated that the G allele of the OPG A163G polymorphism might increase osteoporosis risk in Caucasians, whereas individuals with the C allele of the G1181C polymorphism had a decreased risk of osteoporosis, especially in Asians. Both of these effects were observed in postmenopausal women. These polymorphisms could probably be used with other genetic markers together to identify individuals at a high risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
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