51
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dual-function inhibitors targeting NMDAR and HDAC for Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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52
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Creighton SD, Stefanelli G, Reda A, Zovkic IB. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Learning and Memory: Implications for Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6918. [PMID: 32967185 PMCID: PMC7554829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal epigenome is highly sensitive to external events and its function is vital for producing stable behavioral outcomes, such as the formation of long-lasting memories. The importance of epigenetic regulation in memory is now well established and growing evidence points to altered epigenome function in the aging brain as a contributing factor to age-related memory decline. In this review, we first summarize the typical role of epigenetic factors in memory processing in a healthy young brain, then discuss the aspects of this system that are altered with aging. There is general agreement that many epigenetic marks are modified with aging, but there are still substantial inconsistencies in the precise nature of these changes and their link with memory decline. Here, we discuss the potential source of age-related changes in the epigenome and their implications for therapeutic intervention in age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Creighton
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Anas Reda
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
| | - Iva B. Zovkic
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
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53
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Poon CH, Heng BC, Lim LW. New insights on brain-derived neurotrophic factor epigenetics: from depression to memory extinction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1484:9-31. [PMID: 32808327 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in characterizing molecular profiles provide valuable insights and opportunities for deciphering the neuropathology of depression. Although abnormal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in depression has gained much support from preclinical and clinical research, how it mediates behavioral alterations in the depressed state remains largely obscure. Environmental factors contribute significantly to the onset of depression and produce robust epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of BDNF, as one of the most characterized gene loci in epigenetics, has recently emerged as a target in research on memory and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, epigenetic alterations of BDNF exons are heavily involved in mediating memory functions and antidepressant effects. In this review, we discuss key research on stress-induced depression from both preclinical and clinical studies, which revealed that differential epigenetic regulation of specific BDNF exons is associated with depression pathophysiology. Considering that BDNF has a central role in depression, we argue that memory extinction, an adaptive response to fear exposure, is dependent on BDNF modulation and holds promise as a prospective target for alleviating or treating depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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54
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Fang YC, Chan L, Liou JP, Tu YK, Lai MJ, Chen CI, Vidyanti AN, Lee HY, Hu CJ. HDAC inhibitor protects chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation injuries via H3K14 and H4K5 acetylation-mediated BDNF expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6966-6977. [PMID: 32374084 PMCID: PMC7299713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia, but the treatment is still lacking. Although many studies have reported that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) confer protective effects against ischemic and hypoxic injuries, their role in VaD is still uncertain. Previous studies shown, one HDACi protected against cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we tested several 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[b,f]azepine hydroxamates, which act as HDACis in the CCH model (in vivo), and SH‐SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) with oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD, in vitro). We identified a compound 13, which exhibited the best cell viability under OGD. The compound 13 could increase, in part, the protein levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It increased acetylation status on lysine 14 residue of histone 3 (H3K14) and lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5). We further clarified which promoters (I, II, III, IV or IX) could be affected by histone acetylation altered by compound 13. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and Q‐PCR analysis indicate that an increase in H3K14 acetylation leads to an increase in the expression of BDNF promoter II, while an increase in H4K5 acetylation results in an increase in the activity of BDNF promoter II and III. Afterwards, these cause an increase in the expression of BDNF exon II, III and coding exon IX. In summary, the HDACi compound 13 may increase BDNF specific isoforms expression to rescue the ischemic and hypoxic injuries through changes of acetylation on histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Fang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kwang Tu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-I Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amelia Nur Vidyanti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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55
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Pandey K, Sharma SK. Activity- and memory training-induced acetylation of α-tubulin in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 171:107226. [PMID: 32247664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications play crucial roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. The important role of histone acetylation is well established in these processes. However, activity-dependent regulation of acetylation of non-histone proteins is not well understood. We previously showed that α-tubulin is acetylated in an activity-dependent manner. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays an important role in α-tubulin acetylation induced by KCl depolarization or N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulation of the hippocampal slices. In addition, KCl depolarization inhibits the activity of SIRT2, an α-tubulin deacetylase. The inhibitory effect of KCl on SIRT2 activity requires CDK5 activity. Furthermore, α-tubulin acetylation is enhanced by memory training in object recognition task. These results suggest that memory formation may involve α-tubulin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pandey
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Shiv K Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India.
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56
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Jia J, Zhu J, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen C. The Role of Histone Acetylation in the Sevoflurane-induced Inhibition of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampi of Young Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 432:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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57
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Zhu L, Chen L, Xu P, Lu D, Dai S, Zhong L, Han Y, Zhang M, Xiao B, Chang L, Wu Q. Genetic and molecular basis of epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 104:106848. [PMID: 32028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures. About 70 million people were affected by epilepsy or epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is a complicated complex or symptomatic syndromes induced by structural, functional, and genetic causes. Meanwhile, several comorbidities are accompanied by epileptic seizures. Cognitive dysfunction is a long-standing complication associated with epileptic seizures, which severely impairs quality of life. Although the definitive pathogenic mechanisms underlying epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction remain unclear, accumulating evidence indicates that multiple risk factors are probably involved in the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. These factors include the underlying etiology, recurrent seizures or status epilepticus, structural damage that induced secondary epilepsy, genetic variants, and molecular alterations. In this review, we summarize several theories that may explain the genetic and molecular basis of epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Puying Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Di Lu
- Biomedicine Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chun Rong West Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Lvhua Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
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Viola TW, Fries GR. A promising era for epigenetic research: revealing the molecular signature of neuropsychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:469-470. [PMID: 31826091 PMCID: PMC6899348 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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59
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Li J, Yan D, Ma N, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Transient Forebrain Ischemia Induces Differential Bdnf Transcript Expression and Histone Acetylation Patterns in the Rat Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:568-575. [PMID: 31828524 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Forebrain ischemia induces delayed, selective neuronal death in hippocampal CA1. It has been established that BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is an important factor in ischemic injury. However, the exact mechanism of BDNF expression in the hippocampus after ischemia is unclear. We found that the decrease of BDNF protein expression in hippocampal CA1 was associated with a decrease of Bdnf transcript IV expression in the same region of the rats after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In hippocampal CA3 and DG, the results showed increased expression of BDNF protein and transcripts I, IIc, III, IV, VI, and X1. Furthermore, at the Bdnf promoters, I/R led to decreased H3K27ac, increased H3K9ac, and H3K14ac in CA1; increased H3K9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K27ac in CA3; no significant change of H3K9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K27ac in DG. HDAC inhibitor SAHA increased the expression of Bdnf transcripts IV, VI, and X1 in CA1. These findings suggest a potential of modulation Bdnf transcript expression to resolve ischemic brain injury through histone acetylation patterns at the Bdnf promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Deping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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60
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Sun XY, Zheng T, Yang X, Liu L, Gao SS, Xu HB, Song YT, Tong K, Yang L, Gao Y, Wu T, Hao JR, Lu C, Ma T, Gao C. HDAC2 hyperexpression alters hippocampal neuronal transcription and microglial activity in neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:249. [PMID: 31796106 PMCID: PMC6889553 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation can induce cognitive dysfunction in patients who undergo surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that both acute peripheral inflammation and anaesthetic insults, especially isoflurane (ISO), are risk factors for memory impairment. Few studies are currently investigating the role of ISO under acute peri-inflammatory conditions, and it is difficult to predict whether ISO can aggravate inflammation-induced cognitive deficits. HDACs, which are essential for learning, participate in the deacetylation of lysine residues and the regulation of gene transcription. However, the cell-specific mechanism of HDACs in inflammation-induced cognitive impairment remains unknown. Methods Three-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with single versus combined exposure to LPS injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to simulate acute abdominal inflammation and isoflurane to investigate the role of anaesthesia and acute peripheral inflammation in cognitive impairment. Behavioural tests, Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ChIP assays were performed to detect memory, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, HDAC2, BDNF, c-Fos, acetyl-H3, microglial activity, Bdnf mRNA, c-fos mRNA, and Bdnf and c-fos transcription in the hippocampus. Results LPS, but not isoflurane, induced neuroinflammation-induced memory impairment and reduced histone acetylation by upregulating histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in dorsal hippocampal CaMKII+ neurons. The hyperexpression of HDAC2 in neurons was mediated by the activation of microglia. The decreased level of histone acetylation suppressed the transcription of Bdnf and c-fos and the expressions of BDNF and c-Fos, which subsequently impaired memory. The adeno-associated virus ShHdac2, which suppresses Hdac2 after injection into the dorsal hippocampus, reversed microglial activation, hippocampal glutamatergic BDNF and c-Fos expressions, and memory deficits. Conclusions Reversing HDAC2 in hippocampal CaMKII+ neurons exert a neuroprotective effect against neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen-Shen Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Bing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Tong Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Tong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Ru Hao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Tohyama S, Matsuda S, Mizutani A. Sex-dependent opposite effects of a tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone on cued fear extinction in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134670. [PMID: 31805374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) is one of the new candidate receptors for drugs targeting psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) has been identified as a selective TrkB agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier after oral or intraperitoneal administration, and it enhances cued fear extinction in male rodents. However, its effects on females remain unclear. Preclinical research including both sexes is important for the development of treatment, particularly, for stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder because such disorders are more prevalent in women. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 7,8-DHF on cued and contextual fear extinction in both male and female mice. Here we demonstrated that the administration of 7,8-DHF before each extinction session attenuated cued fear extinction in females; conversely, it enhanced cued fear extinction in males. However, administration of 7,8-DHF immediately after each extinction session did not affect cued fear extinction in either sex. Moreover, in contextual fear extinction, administration of 7,8-DHF before each extinction session did not affect fear extinction in either sex. Thus, 7,8-DHF showed sex-dependent opposite effects on cued fear extinction in mice when administered before but not immediately after each extinction session. Our results could contribute to the development of pharmacotherapy involving 7,8-DHF, particularly for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Tohyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Mizutani
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165, Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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Hallock HL, Quillian HM, Mai Y, Maynard KR, Hill JL, Martinowich K. Manipulation of a genetically and spatially defined sub-population of BDNF-expressing neurons potentiates learned fear and decreases hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2239-2246. [PMID: 31170726 PMCID: PMC6898598 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling regulates synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and has been extensively linked with fear memory expression in rodents. Notably, disrupting BDNF production from promoter IV-derived transcripts enhances fear expression in mice, and decreases fear-associated HC-PFC synchrony, suggesting that Bdnf transcription from promoter IV plays a key role in HC-PFC function during fear memory retrieval. To better understand how promoter IV-derived BDNF controls HC-PFC connectivity and fear expression, we generated a viral construct that selectively targets cells expressing promoter IV-derived Bdnf transcripts ("p4-cells") for tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated recombination (AAV8-p4Bdnf-ERT2CreERT2-PEST). Using this construct, we found that ventral hippocampal (vHC) p4-cells are recruited during fear expression, and that activation of these cells causes exaggerated fear expression that co-occurs with disrupted vHC-PFC synchrony in mice. Our data highlight how this novel construct can be used to interrogate genetically defined cell types that selectively contribute to BDNF-dependent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry L. Hallock
- grid.429552.dThe Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Henry M. Quillian
- grid.429552.dThe Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yishan Mai
- grid.429552.dThe Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- grid.429552.dThe Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Julia L. Hill
- grid.429552.dThe Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855N. Wolfe St., Suite 300, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Uniyal A, Singh R, Akhtar A, Dhaliwal J, Kuhad A, Sah SP. Pharmacological rewriting of fear memories: A beacon for post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172824. [PMID: 31778672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychopathological response that develops after exposure to an extreme life-threatening traumatic event. Its prevalence ranges from 0.5% to 14.5% worldwide. Due to the complex pathophysiology of PTSD, currently available treatment approaches are associated with high chances of failure, thus further research to identify better pharmacotherapeutic approaches is needed. The traumatic event associated with fear memories plays an important role in the development of PTSD and could be considered as the main culprit. PTSD patient feels frightened in a safe environment as the memories of the traumatic event are revisited. Neurocircuit involving normal processing of fear memories get disturbed in PTSD hence making a fear memory to remain to dominate even after years of trauma. Persistence of fear memories could be explained by acquisition, re-(consolidation) and extinction triad as all of these processes have been widely explored in preclinical as well as clinical studies and set a therapeutic platform for fear memory associated disorders. This review focuses on neurocircuit and pathophysiology of PTSD in context to fear memories and pharmacological targeting of fear memory for the management of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.) Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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64
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Reddy RG, Surineni G, Bhattacharya D, Marvadi SK, Sagar A, Kalle AM, Kumar A, Kantevari S, Chakravarty S. Crafting Carbazole-Based Vorinostat and Tubastatin-A-like Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors with Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroactive Functions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17279-17294. [PMID: 31656902 PMCID: PMC6811854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) induce hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins and have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in most animal models tested. The established HDACi vorinostat and tubastatin-A alleviate neurodegenerative and behavioral conditions in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders restoring the neurotrophic milieu. In spite of the neuroactive pharmacological role of HDACi (vorinostat and tubastatin-A), they are limited by efficacy and toxicity. Considering these limitations and concern, we have designed novel compounds 3-11 as potential HDACi based on the strategic crafting of the key pharmacophoric elements of vorinostat and tubastatin-A into architecting a single molecule. The molecules 3-11 were synthesized through a multistep reaction sequence starting from carbazole and were fully characterized by NMR and mass spectral analysis. The novel molecules 3-11 showed remarkable pan HDAC inhibition and the potential to increase the levels of acetyl H3 and acetyl tubulin. In addition, few novel HDAC inhibitors 4-8, 10, and 11 exhibited significant neurite outgrowth-promoting activity with no observable cytotoxic effects, and interestingly, compound 5 has shown comparably more neurite growth than the parent compounds vorinostat and tubastatin-A. Also, compound 5 was evaluated for possible mood-elevating effects in a chronic unpredictable stress model of Zebrafish. It showed potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in the novel tank test and social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, the potent in vitro and in vivo neuroactive compound 5 has shown selectivity for class II over class I HDACs. Our results suggest that the novel carbazole-based HDAC inhibitors, crafted with vorinostat and tubastatin-A pharmacophoric moieties, have potent neurite outgrowth activity and potential to be developed as therapeutics to treat depression and related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gajendra Reddy
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Goverdhan Surineni
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Marvadi
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arpita Sagar
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arunasree M. Kalle
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
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65
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Fusco S, Spinelli M, Cocco S, Ripoli C, Mastrodonato A, Natale F, Rinaudo M, Livrizzi G, Grassi C. Maternal insulin resistance multigenerationally impairs synaptic plasticity and memory via gametic mechanisms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4799. [PMID: 31641124 PMCID: PMC6805915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases harm brain health and cognitive functions, but whether maternal metabolic unbalance may affect brain plasticity of next generations is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that maternal high fat diet (HFD)-dependent insulin resistance multigenerationally impairs synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. HFD downregulates BDNF and insulin signaling in maternal tissues and epigenetically inhibits BDNF expression in both germline and hippocampus of progeny. Notably, exposure of the HFD offspring to novel enriched environment restores Bdnf epigenetic activation in the male germline and counteracts the transmission of cognitive impairment to the next generations. BDNF administration to HFD-fed mothers or preserved insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed p66Shc KO mice also prevents the intergenerational transmission of brain damage to the progeny. Collectively, our data suggest that maternal diet multigenerationally impacts on descendants' brain health via gametic mechanisms susceptible to lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fusco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Natale
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Livrizzi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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66
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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67
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S-nitrosoglutathione prevents cognitive impairment through epigenetic reprogramming in ovariectomised mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:352-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Pannangrong W, Sirichoat A, Wongsiri T, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Valproic acid withdrawal ameliorates impairments of hippocampal-spatial working memory and neurogenesis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:253-263. [PMID: 30829012 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), an agent that is used to treat epileptic seizures, can cause spatial memory impairment in adults and children. This effect is thought to be due to the ability of VPA to inhibit neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which is required for learning. We have previously used an animal model to show that VPA significantly impairs hippocampal-spatial working memory and inhibits neuronal generation in the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus. As there are patient reports of improvements in memory after discontinuing VPA treatment, the present study investigated the recovery of both spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis at two time points after withdrawal of VPA. Male Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.9% normal saline or VPA (300 mg/kg) twice a day for 10 d. At 1, 30, or 45 d after the drug treatment, the novel object location (NOL) test was used to examine spatial memory; hippocampal cell division was counted using Ki67 immunohistochemistry, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Notch1 were measured using western immunoblotting. Spatial working memory was impaired 1 and 30 d after the final administration, but was restored to control levels by 45 d. Cell proliferation had increased to control levels at 30 and 45 d. Both markers of neurogenesis (BDNF and Notch1 levels) had returned to control levels at 45 d. These results demonstrate that memory recovery occurs over a period of six weeks after discontinuing VPA treatment and is preceded by a return of hippocampal neurogenesis to control levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Trai Wongsiri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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69
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Velasco ER, Florido A, Milad MR, Andero R. Sex differences in fear extinction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:81-108. [PMID: 31129235 PMCID: PMC6692252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the knowledge gap of mechanistic processes underlying the behavioral and neural differences observed in fear extinction. Moreover, the exact contribution of sex and hormones in relation to learning and behavior is still largely unknown. Insights from this field could be beneficial as fear-related disorders are twice as prevalent in women compared to men. Here, we review an up-to-date summary of animal and human studies in adulthood that report sex differences in fear extinction from a structural and functional approach. Furthermore, we describe how these factors could contribute to the observed sex differences in fear extinction during normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Velasco
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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70
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Regular Music Exposure in Juvenile Rats Facilitates Conditioned Fear Extinction and Reduces Anxiety after Foot Shock in Adulthood. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8740674. [PMID: 31380440 PMCID: PMC6662454 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8740674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Music exposure is known to play a positive role in learning and memory and can be a complementary treatment for anxiety and fear. However, whether juvenile music exposure affects adult behavior is not known. Two-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to music for 2 hours daily or to background noise (controls) for a period of 3 weeks. At 60 days of age, rats were subjected to auditory fear conditioning, fear extinction training, and anxiety-like behavior assessments or to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) assays. We found that the music-exposed rats showed significantly less freezing behaviors during fear extinction training and spent more time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze after fear conditioning when compared with the control rats. Moreover, the BDNF levels in the ACC in the music group were significantly higher than those of the controls with the fear conditioning session. This result suggests that music exposure in juvenile rats decreases anxiety-like behaviors, facilitates fear extinction, and increases BDNF levels in the ACC in adulthood after a stressful event.
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71
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Zhang H, Xiong Z, He Q, Fan F. ACSS2-related autophagy has a dual impact on memory. Chin Neurosurg J 2019; 5:14. [PMID: 32922914 PMCID: PMC7398205 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degenerative pathway which is responsible for neuronal survival. Under the condition of nutrient deprivation, autophagy can lead to dysfunction in memory consolidation. AMPK/mTOR pathway is currently the most studied autophagy mechanism, while recently researchers have proved ACSS2 can also affect autophagy. ACSS2 is phosphorylated at Ser659 by AMPK and then forms a translocation complex with Importin α5 to translocate into the nucleus. This process interacts with TFEB, resulting in upregulated expression of lysosomal and autophagosomal genes. These upregulations inhibit synaptic plasticity and hence memory functions. On the other hand, ACSS2 is also recognized as a regulator of histone acetylation. After recruiting CBP/p300 and activating CBP’s HAT activity in the nucleus, ACSS2 maintains the level of localized histone acetylation by recapturing acetate from histone deacetylation to reform acetyl-CoA, providing substrates for HAT. The increase of histone acetylation locally enhanced immediate early gene transcription, including Egr2, Fos, Nr2f2, Sgk1, and Arc, to benefit neuronal plasticity and memory in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha city, Hunan province China
| | - Zujian Xiong
- Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha city, Hunan province China
| | - Qin He
- Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha city, Hunan province China
| | - Fan Fan
- Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha city, Hunan province China
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The role of the genome in experience-dependent plasticity: Extending the analogy of the genomic action potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:23252-23260. [PMID: 31127037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820837116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our past experiences shape our current and future behavior. These experiences must leave some enduring imprint on our brains, altering neural circuits that mediate behavior and contributing to our individual differences. As a framework for understanding how experiences might produce lasting changes in neural circuits, Clayton [D. F. Clayton, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 74, 185-216 (2000)] introduced the concept of the genomic action potential (gAP)-a structured genomic response in the brain to acute experience. Similar to the familiar electrophysiological action potential (eAP), the gAP also provides a means for integrating afferent patterns of activity but on a slower timescale and with longer-lasting effects. We revisit this concept in light of contemporary work on experience-dependent modification of neural circuits. We review the "Immediate Early Gene" (IEG) response, the starting point for understanding the gAP. We discuss evidence for its involvement in the encoding of experience to long-term memory across time and biological levels of organization ranging from individual cells to cell ensembles and whole organisms. We explore distinctions between memory encoding and homeostatic functions and consider the potential for perpetuation of the imprint of experience through epigenetic mechanisms. We describe a specific example of a gAP in humans linked to individual differences in the response to stress. Finally, we identify key objectives and new tools for continuing research in this area.
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73
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Solomon MG, Griffin WC, Lopez MF, Becker HC. Brain Regional and Temporal Changes in BDNF mRNA and microRNA-206 Expression in Mice Exposed to Repeated Cycles of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol and Forced Swim Stress. Neuroscience 2019; 406:617-625. [PMID: 30790666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and signaling activity in brain are influenced by chronic ethanol and stress. We previously demonstrated reduced Bdnf mRNA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following chronic ethanol treatment and forced swim stress (FSS) enhanced escalated drinking associated with chronic ethanol exposure. The present study examined the effects of chronic ethanol and FSS exposure, alone and in combination, on Bdnf mRNA expression in different brain regions, including mPFC, central amygdala (CeA), and hippocampus (HPC). Additionally, since microRNA-206 has been shown to negatively regulate BDNF expression, the effects of chronic ethanol and FSS on its expression in the target brain regions were examined. Mice received four weekly cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor or air exposure and then starting 72-h later, the mice received either a single or 5 daily 10-min FSS sessions (or left undisturbed). Brain tissue samples were collected 4-h following final FSS testing and Bdnf mRNA and miR-206 levels were determined by qPCR assay. Results indicated dynamic brain regional and time-dependent changes in Bdnf mRNA and miR-206 expression. In general, CIE and FSS exposure reduced Bdnf mRNA expression while miR-206 levels were increased in the mPFC, CeA, and HPC. Further, in many instances, these effects were more robust in mice that experienced both CIE and FSS treatments. These results have important implications for the potential link between BDNF signaling in the brain and ethanol consumption related to stress interactions with chronic ethanol experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Solomon
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - William C Griffin
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Howard C Becker
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 20401, USA.
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74
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Alzoubi KH, Al Subeh ZY, Khabour OF. Molecular targets for the interactive effect of etazolate during post-traumatic stress disorder: Role of oxidative stress, BDNF and histones. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111930. [PMID: 31047921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in individuals after exposure to severe, life-threatening traumatic event. Etazolate is a selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor that is highly specific for cAMP, which has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. We have previously shown that PTSD induced-memory impairment, anxiety and depression were prevented via the administration of etazolate. In the current study, the effect of etazolate on oxidative stress parameters, BDNF, and histone acetylation in the hippocampus were evaluated in a rat model of PTSD. The PTSD was induced by single prolonged stress (SPS) model. Etazolate was administered orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for one month. At the end of the treatment period, the hippocampus was dissected and oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, GSSG, GPx and TBARS), BDNF protein level, and histone acetylation were assessed. Results revealed that PTSD potentiated oxidative stress in the hippocampus and induced significant reductions in BDNF level and histones acetylation (P < 0.05). Etazolate treatment, on the other hand, led to prevention of changes in these oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, GSSG, GPx and TBARS), BDNF levels, and histones acetylation. In conclusion, oxidative stress and modulation of BDNF and histones acetylation induced by PTSD can be prevented by treatment with etazolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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75
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Kathpalia P, Nag TC, Chattopadhyay P, Sharma A, Bhat MA, Roy TS, Wadhwa S. In ovo Sound Stimulation Mediated Regulation of BDNF in the Auditory Cortex and Hippocampus of Neonatal Chicks. Neuroscience 2019; 408:293-307. [PMID: 31026564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to mediate activity-dependent changes in the developing auditory system. Its expression in the brainstem auditory nuclei, auditory cortex and hippocampus of neonatal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) in response to in ovo high intensity sound exposure at 110 dB (arrhythmic sound: recorded traffic noise, 30-3000 Hz with peak at 2700 Hz, rhythmic sound: sitar music, 100-4000 Hz) was examined to understand the previously reported altered volume and neuronal number in these regions. In the brainstem auditory nuclei, no mature BDNF, but proBDNF at the protein level was detected, and no change in its levels was observed after in ovo sound stimulation (music and noise). Increased ProBDNF protein levels were found in the auditory cortex in response to arrhythmic sound, along with decreased levels of one of the BDNF mRNA transcripts, in response to both rhythmic and arrhythmic sound stimulation. In the hippocampus, increased levels of mature BDNF were found in response to music. Expression microarray analysis was performed to understand changes in gene expression in the hippocampus in response to music and noise, followed by gene ontology analysis showing enrichment of probable signaling pathways. Differentially expressed genes like CAMK1 and STAT1 were found to be involved in downstream signaling on comparing music versus noise-exposed chicks. In conclusion, we report that BDNF is differentially regulated in the auditory cortex at the transcriptional and post-translational level, and in the hippocampus at the post-translational level in response to in ovo sound stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Arundhati Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzaffer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Wadhwa
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Anatomy, North Delhi Municipal Medical College, New Delhi, India
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76
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Srivastav S, Neupane S, Bhurtel S, Katila N, Maharjan S, Choi H, Hong JT, Choi DY. Probiotics mixture increases butyrate, and subsequently rescues the nigral dopaminergic neurons from MPTP and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:73-86. [PMID: 31063918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota in the gut affect brain physiology via various pathways, and dysbiosis seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Probiotics showed pleiotropic effects on functions of the central nervous system via microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, no studies displayed the neuroprotective effects of probiotics in the Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to test the neuroprotective effects of probiotics in two different models of PD. We evaluated neuroprotective effects of a probiotic cocktail containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus in PD models induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone utilizing behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry and neurochemical analysis. To assure the neuroprotection came from increased production of butyrate, we further determined beneficial effects of butyrate in the MPTP-mediated PD model. The probiotic mixture overtly protected the dopaminergic neurons against MPTP neurotoxicity. However, the probiotics downregulated expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B in the striatum, which was accompanied by a lower level of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the main neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP. Thus, we extended the investigation into the rotenone-induced PD model. Rescuing effects of the probiotics were observed in the setup, which came with increased levels of neurotrophic factors and butyrate in the brain. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was identified to be a major contributor to the induction of neurotrophic factors and downregulation of MAO B. Finally, we demonstrated that sodium butyrate attenuated MPTP-induced neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal pathway. Probiotics could ameliorate neurodegeneration at least partially by increasing butyrate level. These data highlight the role of probiotics for brain health, and their potential as a preventive measure for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Srivastav
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabita Neupane
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sailesh Maharjan
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyeong1-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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77
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Brandwein NJ, Nguyen PV. A requirement for epigenetic modifications during noradrenergic stabilization of heterosynaptic LTP in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:72-82. [PMID: 30930287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) activation by noradrenaline (NA) enhances memory formation and long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity characterized by an activity-dependent increase in synaptic strength. LTP is believed to be a cellular mechanism for contextual learning and memory. In the mammalian hippocampus, LTP can be observed at multiple synaptic pathways after strong stimulation of a single synaptic pathway. This heterosynaptic LTP is believed to involve synaptic tagging of active synapses and capture of plasticity-related proteins that enable heterosynaptic transfer of persistent potentiation. These processes may permit distinct neural pathways to associate information transmitted by separate, but convergent, synaptic inputs. We had previously shown that transcription and epigenetic modifications were necessary for stabilization of homosynaptic LTP. However, it is unclear whether transfer of LTP to a second, heterosynaptic pathway involves b-ARs signalling to the nucleus. Using electrophysiologic recordings in area CA1 of murine hippocampal slices, we show here that pharmacologically inhibiting b-AR activation, transcription, DNA methyltransferase or histone acetyltransferase activation, prevents stabilization of heterosynaptic LTP. Our data suggest that noradrenergic stabilization of heterosynaptic ("tagged") LTP requires not only transcription, but specifically, DNA methylation and histone acetylation. NA promotes stable heterosynaptic plasticity through engagement of nuclear processes that may contribute to prompt consolidation of short-term memories into resilient long-term memories under conditions when the brain's noradrenergic system is recruited.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Brandwein
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - P V Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
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78
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Mahady L, Nadeem M, Malek-Ahmadi M, Chen K, Perez SE, Mufson EJ. Frontal Cortex Epigenetic Dysregulation During the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:115-131. [PMID: 29439356 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the frontal cortex plays an important role in cognitive function and undergoes neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the factors driving these cellular alterations remain unknown. Recent studies suggest that alterations in epigenetic regulation play a pivotal role in this process in AD. We evaluated frontal cortex histone deacetylase (HDAC) and sirtuin (SIRT) levels in tissue obtained from subjects with a premortem diagnosis of no-cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild to moderate AD (mAD), and severe AD (sAD) using quantitative western blotting. Immunoblots revealed significant increases in HDAC1 and HDAC3 in MCI and mAD, followed by a decrease in sAD compared to NCI. HDAC2 levels remained stable across clinical groups. HDAC4 was significantly increased in MCI and mAD, but not in sAD compared to NCI. HDAC6 significantly increased during disease progression, while SIRT1 decreased in MCI, mAD, and sAD compared to NCI. HDAC1 levels negatively correlated with perceptual speed, while SIRT1 positively correlated with perceptual speed, episodic memory, global cognitive score, and Mini-Mental State Examination. HDAC1 positively, while SIRT1 negatively correlated with cortical neurofibrillary tangle counts. These findings suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic proteins contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahady
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Arizona State University Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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79
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Histone acetylation determines transcription of atypical protein kinases in rat neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4332. [PMID: 30867503 PMCID: PMC6416243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that memory consolidation requires de-novo transcription of memory-related genes. Epigenetic modifications, particularly histone acetylation, may facilitate gene transcription, but their potential molecular targets are poorly characterized. In the current study, we addressed the question of epigenetic control of atypical protein kinases (aPKC) that are critically involved in memory consolidation and maintenance. We examined the patterns of expression of two aPKC genes (Prkci and Prkcz) in rat cultured cortical neurons treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone hyperacetylation in the promoter region of Prkci gene elicited direct activation of transcriptional machinery, resulting in increased production of PKCλ mRNA. In parallel, histone hyperacetylation in the upstream promoter of Prkcz gene led to appearance of the corresponding PKCζ transcripts that are almost absent in the brain in resting conditions. In contrast, histone hyperacetylation in the downstream promoter of Prkcz gene was accompanied by a decreased expression of the brain-specific PKMζ products. We showed that epigenetically-triggered differential expression of PKMζ and PKCζ mRNA depended on protein synthesis. Summarizing, our results suggest that genes, encoding memory-related aPKC, may represent the molecular targets for epigenetic regulation through posttranslational histone modifications.
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80
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Barros L, Eichwald T, Solano AF, Scheffer D, da Silva RA, Gaspar JM, Latini A. Epigenetic modifications induced by exercise: Drug-free intervention to improve cognitive deficits associated with obesity. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:309-323. [PMID: 30876771 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are increasing worldwide and are associated with brain atrophy and dysfunction, which are risk factors for late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that changes in lifestyle, including the frequent practice of physical exercise are able to prevent and treat not only obesity/metabolic disorders, but also to improve cognitive function and dementia. Several biochemical pathways and epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to understand the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition. This manuscript revised central ongoing research on epigenetic mechanisms induced by exercise and the beneficial effects on obesity-associated cognitive decline, highlighting potential mechanistic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Barros
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tuany Eichwald
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Scheffer
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
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81
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Kikusui T, Kanbara N, Ozaki M, Hirayama N, Ida K, Tokita M, Tanabe N, Mitsuyama K, Abe H, Yoshida M, Nagasawa M, Mogi K. Early weaning increases anxiety via brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3991. [PMID: 30850750 PMCID: PMC6408497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprivation of maternal care during early development markedly affects emotional development, but the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In a mouse model of disrupted mother-infant relationship, early weaning causes long-term impacts on pups to exhibit increased corticosterone secretion, anxiety, and stress responses in their adulthood. Revealing the molecular mechanisms behind it would beneficial to ameliorating mental problems caused by abuse in childhood. We report that normalizing circulating corticosterone in early-weaned mice, either in adulthood or soon after weaning, ameliorated anxiety levels assessed in the plus maze test. Administering a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) reversed the effects of early weaning, whereas administering corticosterone increased anxiety levels, suggesting that the PFC is corticosterone’s target brain region. In the PFCs of early-weaned mice, we observed prolonged reductions in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and associated mRNAs. Anxiety in early-weaned mice was ameliorated by pretreatment with BDNF or a BDNF receptor agonist. In summary, early weaning increased anxiety levels by modulating glucocorticoid and BDNF signaling in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kanbara
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mariya Ozaki
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirayama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ida
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mika Tokita
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naho Tanabe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kuriko Mitsuyama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hatsuki Abe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshida
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan.
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82
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Abstract
In the past few decades, the field of neuroepigenetics has investigated how the brain encodes information to form long-lasting memories that lead to stable changes in behaviour. Activity-dependent molecular mechanisms, including, but not limited to, histone modification, DNA methylation and nucleosome remodelling, dynamically regulate the gene expression required for memory formation. Recently, the field has begun to examine how a learning experience is integrated at the level of both chromatin structure and synaptic physiology. Here, we provide an overview of key established epigenetic mechanisms that are important for memory formation. We explore how epigenetic mechanisms give rise to stable alterations in neuronal function by modifying synaptic structure and function, and highlight studies that demonstrate how manipulating epigenetic mechanisms may push the boundaries of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne R Campbell
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Center for Addiction Neuroscience, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Center for Addiction Neuroscience, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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83
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The DNA modification N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (m6dA) drives activity-induced gene expression and is required for fear extinction. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:534-544. [PMID: 30778148 PMCID: PMC6462436 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA modification is known to regulate experience-dependent gene expression. However, beyond cytosine methylation and its oxidated derivatives, very little is known about the functional importance of chemical modifications on other nucleobases in the brain. Here we report that in adult mice trained in fear extinction the DNA modification N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine (m6dA) accumulates along promoters and coding sequences in activated prefrontal cortical neurons. The deposition of m6dA is associated with increased genome-wide occupancy of the mammalian m6dA methyltransferase, N6amt1, and this correlates with extinction-induced gene expression. The accumulation of m6dA is associated with transcriptional activation at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) P4 promoter, which is required for Bdnf exon IV mRNA expression and for the extinction of conditioned fear. These results expand the scope of DNA modifications in the adult brain and highlight changes in m6dA as an epigenetic mechanism associated with activity-induced gene expression and the formation of fear extinction memory.
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84
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Sartor GC, Malvezzi AM, Kumar A, Andrade NS, Wiedner HJ, Vilca SJ, Janczura KJ, Bagheri A, Al-Ali H, Powell SK, Brown PT, Volmar CH, Foster TC, Zeier Z, Wahlestedt C. Enhancement of BDNF Expression and Memory by HDAC Inhibition Requires BET Bromodomain Reader Proteins. J Neurosci 2019; 39:612-626. [PMID: 30504275 PMCID: PMC6343644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1604-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may have therapeutic utility in multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify BRD4, a BET bromodomain reader of acetyl-lysine histones, as an essential component involved in potentiated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and memory following HDAC inhibition. In in vitro studies, we reveal that pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 reversed the increase in BDNF mRNA induced by the class I/IIb HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Knock-down of HDAC2 and HDAC3, but not other HDACs, increased BDNF mRNA expression, whereas knock-down of BRD4 blocked these effects. Using dCas9-BRD4, locus-specific targeting of BRD4 to the BDNF promoter increased BDNF mRNA. In additional studies, RGFP966, a pharmacological inhibitor of HDAC3, elevated BDNF expression and BRD4 binding to the BDNF promoter, effects that were abrogated by JQ1 (an inhibitor of BRD4). Examining known epigenetic targets of BRD4 and HDAC3, we show that H4K5ac and H4K8ac modifications and H4K5ac enrichment at the BDNF promoter were elevated following RGFP966 treatment. In electrophysiological studies, JQ1 reversed RGFP966-induced enhancement of LTP in hippocampal slice preparations. Last, in behavioral studies, RGFP966 increased subthreshold novel object recognition memory and cocaine place preference in male C57BL/6 mice, effects that were reversed by cotreatment with JQ1. Together, these data reveal that BRD4 plays a key role in HDAC3 inhibitor-induced potentiation of BDNF expression, neuroplasticity, and memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Some histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to have neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing properties, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we reveal that BRD4, an epigenetic reader of histone acetylation marks, is necessary for enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improved memory following HDAC inhibition. Therefore, by identifying novel epigenetic regulators of BDNF expression, these data may lead to new therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Sartor
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136,
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Andrea M Malvezzi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Nadja S Andrade
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Hannah J Wiedner
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Samantha J Vilca
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Karolina J Janczura
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Samuel K Powell
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Peyton T Brown
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Claude H Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136,
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85
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Corne R, Leconte C, Ouradou M, Fassina V, Zhu Y, Déou E, Besson V, Plotkine M, Marchand-Leroux C, Mongeau R. Spontaneous resurgence of conditioned fear weeks after successful extinction in brain injured mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:276-286. [PMID: 30096331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and both disorders share common symptoms and neurobiological defects. Relapse after successful treatment, known as long-term fear resurgence, is common in PTSD patients and a major therapeutic hurdle. We induced a mild focal TBI by controlled cortical impact (CCI) in male C57BL/6 J mice and used fear conditioning to assess PTSD-like behaviors and concomitant alterations in the fear circuitry. We found for the first time that mild TBI, and to a lesser extent sham (craniotomy), mice displayed a spontaneous resurgence of conditioned fear when tested for fear extinction memory recall, despite having effectively acquired and extinguished conditioned fear 6 weeks earlier in the same context. Other characteristic symptoms of PTSD are risk-taking behaviors and cognitive deficits. CCI mice displayed risk-taking behaviors, behavioral inflexibility and reductions in processing speed compared to naïve mice. In conjunction with these changes there were alterations in amygdala morphology 3 months post-trauma, and decreased myelin basic protein density at the primary lesion site and in distant secondary sites such as the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala, compared to sham mice. Furthermore, activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcripts were decreased in the prefrontal cortex, a key region for fear extinction consolidation, following fear extinction training in both TBI and, to a lesser extent, sham mice. This study shows for the first time that a mild brain injury can generate a spontaneous resurgence of conditioned fear associated with defective BDNF signalling in the prefrontal cortex, PTSD-like behaviors, and have enduring effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Corne
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Leconte
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Ouradou
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - V Fassina
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Y Zhu
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - E Déou
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - V Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Plotkine
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Marchand-Leroux
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R Mongeau
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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86
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Liu DW, Ma L, Zhang XH, Wang YY. Conditioned taste aversion memory extinction temporally induces insular cortical BDNF release and inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2403-2414. [PMID: 31933521 PMCID: PMC6709797 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s215289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory extinction has been reported to be related to psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Secretion and synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been shown to temporally regulate various memory processes via activation of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors. However, whether memory extinction induces the synthesis and secretion of BDNF on the basis of its localization is not understood. In this study, we aim to investigate activity-dependent BDNF secretion and synthesis in the insular cortex (IC) in the setting of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory extinction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to CTA memory extinction and BDNF antibody (or the equal volume of vehicle) was microinjected into the IC immediately after the extinction testing. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were used to detect the gene expression of BDNF, NGF and NT4. The protein levels of BDNF were determined through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated TrkB normalized to total TrkB were evaluated using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. c-Fos, total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), phosphorylated Erk, and apoptosis-related protein (caspase-3), were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS We found that blocking BDNF signaling within the IC disrupts CTA extinction, suggesting that BDNF signaling in the IC is necessary for CTA extinction. Increased expression levels of c-Fos indicate the induced neuronal activity in the IC during CTA extinction. In addition, temporal changes in the gene expression and protein levels of BDNF in the IC were noted during extinction. Moreover, we found that phosphorylation of TrkB increased prior to the enhanced BDNF expression, suggesting that CTA extinction induces rapid activity-dependent BDNF secretion in the IC. Finally, we found decreased expression of caspase-3 in the IC after CTA extinction. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CTA memory extinction temporally induces the release and synthesis of BDNF in the IC and inhibits neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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87
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Savell KE, Bach SV, Zipperly ME, Revanna JS, Goska NA, Tuscher JJ, Duke CG, Sultan FA, Burke JN, Williams D, Ianov L, Day JJ. A Neuron-Optimized CRISPR/dCas9 Activation System for Robust and Specific Gene Regulation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0495-18.2019. [PMID: 30863790 PMCID: PMC6412672 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0495-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based technology has provided new avenues to interrogate gene function, but difficulties in transgene expression in post-mitotic neurons has delayed incorporation of these tools in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient, neuron-optimized dual lentiviral CRISPR-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) system capable of robust, modular, and tunable gene induction and multiplexed gene regulation across several primary rodent neuron culture systems. CRISPRa targeting unique promoters in the complex multi-transcript gene brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) revealed both transcript- and genome-level selectivity of this approach, in addition to highlighting downstream transcriptional and physiological consequences of Bdnf regulation. Finally, we illustrate that CRISPRa is highly efficient in vivo, resulting in increased protein levels of a target gene in diverse brain structures. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CRISPRa is an efficient and selective method to study gene expression programs in brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Savell
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Svitlana V. Bach
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Morgan E. Zipperly
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Jasmin S. Revanna
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Nicholas A. Goska
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Jennifer J. Tuscher
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Corey G. Duke
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Faraz A. Sultan
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Julia N. Burke
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Derek Williams
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Jeremy J. Day
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
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88
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Marshall PR, Bredy TW. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms underlying fear extinction: emerging concepts. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:133-142. [PMID: 30506235 PMCID: PMC7293886 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how memory is acquired and how it can be modified in fear-related anxiety disorders, with the enhancement of failing memories on one side and a reduction or elimination of traumatic memories on the other, is a key unmet challenge in the fields of neuroscience and neuropsychiatry. The latter process depends on an important form of learning called fear extinction, where a previously acquired fear-related memory is decoupled from its ability to control behaviour through repeated non-reinforced exposure to the original fear-inducing cue. Although simple in description, fear extinction relies on a complex pattern of brain region and cell-type specific processes, some of which are unique to this form of learning and, for better or worse, contribute to the inherent instability of fear extinction memory. Here, we explore an emerging layer of biology that may compliment and enrich the synapse-centric perspective of fear extinction. As opposed to the more classically defined role of protein synthesis in the formation of fear extinction memory, a neuroepigenetic view of the experience-dependent gene expression involves an appreciation of dynamic changes in the state of the entire cell: from a transient change in plasticity at the level of the synapse, to potentially more persistent long-term effects within the nucleus. A deeper understanding of neuroepigenetic mechanisms and how they influence the formation and maintenance of fear extinction memory has the potential to enable the development of more effective treatment approaches for fear-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Marshall
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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89
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Hitchcock LN, Raybuck JD, Wood MA, Lattal KM. Effects of a histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor on extinction and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:517-529. [PMID: 30488346 PMCID: PMC6459190 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A challenge in treating substance use disorder is that successful treatment often does not persist, resulting in relapse and continued drug seeking. One approach to persistently weaken drug-seeking behaviors is to pair exposure to drug-associated cues or behaviors with delivery of a compound that may strengthen the inhibition of the association between drug cues and behavior. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether a selective histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitor could promote extinction and weaken contextual control of operant drug seeking after intravenous cocaine self-administration. METHODS Male Long-Evans rats received a systemic injection of the HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 either before or immediately after the first extinction session. Persistence of extinction was tested over subsequent extinction sessions, as well as tests of reinstatement that included cue-induced reinstatement, contextual renewal, and cocaine-primed reinstatement. Additional extinction sessions occurred between each reinstatement test. We also evaluated effects of RGFP966 on performance and motivation during stable fixed ratio operant responding for cocaine and during a progressive ratio of reinforcement. RESULTS RGFP966 administered before the first extinction session led to significantly less responding during subsequent extinction and reinstatement tests compared to vehicle-injected rats. Follow-up studies found that these effects were not likely due to a performance deficit or a change in motivation to self-administer cocaine, as injections of RGFP966 had no effect on stable responding during a fixed or progressive ratio schedule. In addition, RGFP966 administered just after the first extinction session had no effect during early extinction and reinstatement tests, but weakened long-term responding during later extinction sessions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a systemic injection of a selective HDAC3 inhibitor can enhance extinction and suppress reinstatement after cocaine self-administration. The finding that behavioral and pharmacological manipulations can be combined to decrease drug seeking provides further potential for treatment by epigenetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah N. Hitchcock
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - K. Matthew Lattal
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
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90
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Viola TW, Wearick-Silva LE, Creutzberg KC, Kestering-Ferreira É, Orso R, Centeno-Silva A, Albrechet-Souza L, Marshall PR, Li X, Bredy TW, Riva MA, Grassi-Oliveira R. Postnatal impoverished housing impairs adolescent risk-assessment and increases risk-taking: A sex-specific effect associated with histone epigenetic regulation of Crfr1 in the medial prefrontal cortex. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:8-19. [PMID: 30172072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While increasing evidence posits poor decision-making as a central feature of mental disorders, very few studies investigated the effects of early-life stress (ELS) on specific components of reward-related choice behaviors. Risk-taking (RT) involves the exposure to some danger, or negative consequences, in order to achieve a goal-directed behavior. Such behaviors are likely to be preceded by risk-assessment (RA), which is a dynamic cognitive process involving the acquisition of information in potentially dangerous situations. Here, we investigated the effects of being raised in impoverished housing conditions during early life (P2-P9) on RT, RA and dopaminergic and corticotrophinergic gene expression of adolescent male and female mice. Phenotypes were assessed by two protocols: the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the predator-odor risk-taking (PORT). We found decreased RA in mice exposed to impoverished housing in the absence of a reward (EPM), with a more pronounced effect among females. Moreover, when exposed to a predatory olfactory cue, increased RT was observed in these females in a reward-related task (PORT), as well as decreased HPA axis responsivity. This sex-specific behavioral effect was associated with increased Crfr1 mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and higher levels of the histone mark H3R2me2s, a histone modification known to be involved in transcriptional activation, within the promoter of the Crfr1 gene. These findings revealed that ELS exposure can impair the acquisition of environmental information in dangerous situations and increase RT in reward-related scenarios among females, with an important role regarding epigenetic regulation of the Crfr1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kerstin C Creutzberg
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Érika Kestering-Ferreira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Centeno-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Albrechet-Souza
- Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, New Orleans, United States
| | - Paul R Marshall
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiang Li
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco A Riva
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brain Institute (InsCer), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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91
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Lux V. Epigenetic Programming Effects of Early Life Stress: A Dual-Activation Hypothesis. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:638-652. [PMID: 30532644 PMCID: PMC6225448 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180307151358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processes during early brain development can function as 'developmental switches' that contribute to the stability of long-term effects of early environmental influences by programming central feedback mechanisms of the HPA axis and other neural networks. In this thematic review, we summarize accumulated evidence for a dual-activation of stress-related and sensory networks underlying the epigenetic programming effects of early life stress. We discuss findings indicating epigenetic programming of stress-related genes with impact on HPA axis function, the interaction of epigenetic mechanisms with neural activity in stress-related neural networks, epigenetic effects of glucocorticoid exposure, and the impact of stress on sensory development. Based on these findings, we propose that the combined activation of stress-related neural networks and stressor-specific sensory networks leads to both neural and hormonal priming of the epigenetic machinery, which sensitizes these networks for developmental programming effects. This allows stressor-specific adaptations later in life, but may also lead to functional mal-adaptations, depending on timing and intensity of the stressor. Finally, we discuss methodological and clinical implications of the dual-activation hypothesis. We emphasize that, in addition to modifications in stress-related networks, we need to account for functional modifications in sensory networks and their epigenetic underpinnings to elucidate the long-term effects of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lux
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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92
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Sodium butyrate improves memory and modulates the activity of histone deacetylases in aged rats after the administration of d-galactose. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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93
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Ko HM, Jin Y, Park HH, Lee JH, Jung SH, Choi SY, Lee SH, Shin CY. Dual mechanisms for the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by valproic acid in neural progenitor cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:679-688. [PMID: 30402028 PMCID: PMC6205935 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share behavioral features, the results of numerous studies have suggested that the underlying causes of ASDs are multifactorial. Behavioral and/or neurobiological analyses of ASDs have been performed extensively using a valid model of prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA). Abnormal synapse formation resulting from altered neurite outgrowth in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during embryonic brain development has been observed in both the VPA model and ASD subjects. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, the actual mechanism underlying enhanced neurite outgrowth remains unclear. In this study, we found that VPA enhanced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), particularly mature BDNF (mBDNF), through dual mechanisms. VPA increased the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF by suppressing the nuclear expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), which is a transcriptional repressor of BDNF. In addition, VPA promoted the expression and activity of the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which induces BDNF maturation through proteolytic cleavage. Trichostatin A and sodium butyrate also enhanced tPA activity, but tPA activity was not induced by valpromide, which is a VPA analog that does not induce histone acetylation, indicating that histone acetylation activity was required for tPA regulation. VPA-mediated regulation of BDNF, MeCP2, and tPA was not observed in astrocytes or neurons. Therefore, these results suggested that VPA-induced mBDNF upregulation was associated with the dysregulation of MeCP2 and tPA in developing cortical NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Myung Ko
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Woosuk University, Jincheon 27841, Korea
| | - Yeonsun Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Seung Hyo Jung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Abstract
The temporal coding of action potential activity is fundamental to nervous system function. Here we consider how gene expression in neurons is regulated by specific patterns of action potential firing, with an emphasis on new information on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Patterned action potential activity activates intracellular signaling networks selectively in accordance with the kinetics of activation and inactivation of second messengers, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of protein kinases, and cytoplasmic and nuclear calcium dynamics, which differentially activate specific transcription factors. Increasing evidence also implicates activity-dependent regulation of epigenetic mechanisms to alter chromatin architecture. Changes in three-dimensional chromatin structure, including chromatin compaction, looping, double-stranded DNA breaks, histone and DNA modification, are altered by action potential activity to selectively inhibit or promote transcription of specific genes. These mechanisms of activity-dependent regulation of gene expression are important in neural development, plasticity, and in neurological and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Belgrad
- Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
(NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. Douglas Fields
- Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
(NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
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95
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Malvaez M, Greenfield VY, Matheos DP, Angelillis NA, Murphy MD, Kennedy PJ, Wood MA, Wassum KM. Habits Are Negatively Regulated by Histone Deacetylase 3 in the Dorsal Striatum. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:383-392. [PMID: 29571524 PMCID: PMC6082729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal behavior and decision making result from a balance of control between two strategies, one cognitive/goal-directed and one habitual. These systems are known to rely on the anatomically distinct dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, respectively. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms required to learn and transition between these strategies are unknown. Here we examined the role of one chromatin-based transcriptional regulator, histone modification via histone deacetylases (HDACs), in this process. METHODS We combined procedures that diagnose behavioral strategy in rats with pharmacological and viral-mediated HDAC manipulations, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and messenger RNA quantification. RESULTS The results indicate that dorsal striatal HDAC3 activity constrains habit formation. Systemic HDAC inhibition following instrumental (lever press → reward) conditioning increased histone acetylation throughout the dorsal striatum and accelerated habitual control of behavior. HDAC3 was removed from the promoters of key learning-related genes in the dorsal striatum as habits formed with overtraining and with posttraining HDAC inhibition. Decreasing HDAC3 function, either by selective pharmacological inhibition or by expression of dominant-negative mutated HDAC3, in either the dorsolateral striatum or the dorsomedial striatum accelerated habit formation, while HDAC3 overexpression in either region prevented habit. CONCLUSIONS These results challenge the strict dissociation between dorsomedial striatum and dorsolateral striatum function in goal-directed versus habitual behavioral control and identify dorsostriatal HDAC3 as a critical molecular directive of the transition to habit. Because this transition is disrupted in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, these data suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the negative behavioral symptoms of these conditions and a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Malvaez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Venuz Y Greenfield
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dina P Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - Michael D Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pamela J Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kate M Wassum
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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96
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Grinkevich LN, Zachepilo TG. Regulation of histone H4 acetylation in the CNS and defensive behavior command neurons of the mollusk Helix mediated by serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are commonly known to underlie memory formation. Presently, scientists’ attention is focused on changes in the levels of histone modifications (mainly acetylation and methylation) in the chromatin of CNS cells tested in various experimental models. Owing to their relatively simple CNSs, mollusks are among the most popular models. Our experiments were con-ducted with the molluskHelix lucorumbecause its CNS had been investigated in detail and most of its neurons had been proven to participate in the formation of different behavior patterns, including the prolonged response to various stimuli. This work concerns the influence of various effectors (serotonin and FMRFamide, associated with CNS activator and inhibitory pathways, respectively) on the acetylation of H4 histone in the subesophageal ganglion complex and in defensive behavior command neurons of the right and left parietal ganglia (RPa3/2 and LPa3/2) in the snail. Western blot analysis showed that FMRFamide inhibited histone H4 acetylation induced by serotonin in the subesophageal complex of CNS ganglia. However, serotonin and FMRFamide cooperatively enhanced the induction of histone H4 acetylation in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons. No changes were found in the counterpart LPa3/2. It is a new piece of evidence for functional asymmetry inHelix. The inhibitory pathways mediated by FMRFamide not only inhibit the activatory intracellular processes in the entire CNS but can also enhance them, as in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons.
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97
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Ayanlaja AA, Zhang B, Ji G, Gao Y, Wang J, Kanwore K, Gao D. The reversible effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the human brain. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:212-222. [PMID: 30059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor, and a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily acting on different neuronal activities. GDNF was originally identified as a neurotrophic factor crucially involved in the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and is currently an established therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. However, GDNF was later reported to be highly expressed in gliomas, especially in glioblastomas, and was demonstrated as a potent proliferation factor involved in the development and migration of gliomas. Here, we review our current understanding and progress made so far by researchers in our laboratories with references to relevant articles to support our discoveries. We present past and recent discoveries on the mechanisms involved in the protection of neurons by GDNF and examine its emerging roles in gliomas, as well as reasons for the abnormal expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Collectively, our work establishes a paradigm by which the ability of GDNF to protect dopaminergic neurons from degradation and its corresponding effects on glioma cells points to an underlying biological vulnerability in the effects of GDNF in the normal brain which can be subverted for use by cancer cells. Hence, presenting novel opportunities for intervention in glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baole Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - GuangQuan Ji
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - DianShuai Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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98
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Liu H, Peng L, So J, Tsang KH, Chong CH, Mak PHS, Chan KM, Chan SY. TSPYL2 Regulates the Expression of EZH2 Target Genes in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2640-2652. [PMID: 30051352 PMCID: PMC6459796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 2 (TSPYL2) is an X-linked gene in the locus for several neurodevelopmental disorders. We have previously shown that Tspyl2 knockout mice had impaired learning and sensorimotor gating, and TSPYL2 facilitates the expression of Grin2a and Grin2b through interaction with CREB-binding protein. To identify other genes regulated by TSPYL2, here, we showed that Tspyl2 knockout mice had an increased level of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in the hippocampus, and TSPYL2 interacted with the H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing in primary hippocampal neurons and divided all Refseq genes by k-mean clustering into four clusters from highest level of H3K27me3 to unmarked. We confirmed that mutant neurons had an increased level of H3K27me3 in cluster 1 genes, which consist of known EZH2 target genes important in development. We detected significantly reduced expression of genes including Gbx2 and Prss16 from cluster 1 and Acvrl1, Bdnf, Egr3, Grin2c, and Igf1 from cluster 2 in the mutant. In support of a dynamic role of EZH2 in repressing marked synaptic genes, the specific EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 significantly upregulated, while the demethylase inhibitor GSKJ4 downregulated the expression of Egr3 and Grin2c. GSK126 also upregulated the expression of Bdnf in mutant primary neurons. Finally, ChIP showed that hemagglutinin-tagged TSPYL2 co-existed with EZH2 in target promoters in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TSPYL2 is recruited to promoters of specific EZH2 target genes in neurons, and enhances their expression for proper neuronal maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ka Hing Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research and Development, Clinical Projects and Development, New B Innovation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Ho Chong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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99
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Tyler CRS, Smoake JJW, Solomon ER, Villicana E, Caldwell KK, Allan AM. Sex-Dependent Effects of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Sodium Valproate, on Reversal Learning After Developmental Arsenic Exposure. Front Genet 2018; 9:200. [PMID: 29963072 PMCID: PMC6013562 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to arsenic in drinking water adversely affects brain development and cognitive function in adulthood. While the mechanism by which arsenic induces adverse neurological outcomes remains elusive, studies suggest a link between reduced levels of histone acetylation and impaired performance on a variety of behavioral tasks following arsenic exposure. Using our developmental arsenic exposure (DAE) paradigm, we have previously reported reduced histone acetylation and associated histone acetyltransferase enzyme expression in the frontal cortex of C57BL/6J adult male mice, with no changes observed in the female frontal cortex. In the present study, we sought to determine if DAE produced sex-dependent deficits in frontal cortical executive function using the Y-maze acquisition and reversal learning tasks, which are specific for assessing cognitive flexibility. Further, we tested whether the administration of valproic acid, a class I-IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor, was able to mitigate behavioral and biochemical changes resulting from DAE. As anticipated, DAE inhibited acquisition and reversal learning performance in adult male, but not female, mice. Valproate treatment for 2 weeks restored reversal performance in the male arsenic-exposed offspring, while not affecting female performance. Protein levels of HDACs 1, 2, and 5 were elevated following behavioral assessment but only in DAE male mice; restoration of appropriate HDAC levels occurred after valproate treatment and was concurrent with improved behavioral performance, particularly during reversal learning. Female frontal cortical levels of HDAC enzymes were not impacted by DAE or valproate treatment. Finally, mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Bdnf, which has been implicated in the control of frontal cortical flexibility and is regulated by HDAC5, were elevated in DAE male mice and restored to normal levels following HDACi treatment. Levels of mRNA encoding glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA type subunits, which have been linked to cognitive flexibility, were not related to the reversal learning deficit in the DAE mice and were not altered by HDACi treatments. These findings demonstrate that DAE alters frontal cortical HDAC levels and Bdnf expression in males, but not females, and that these molecular changes are associated with sex-dependent differences in cognitive flexibility in a reversal-learning task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane J W Smoake
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Solomon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Estrella Villicana
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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100
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Burstein O, Shoshan N, Doron R, Akirav I. Cannabinoids prevent depressive-like symptoms and alterations in BDNF expression in a rat model of PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:129-139. [PMID: 29458190 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition highly comorbid with depression. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are suggestively involved in both disorders. We examined whether cannabinoids can prevent the long-term depressive-like symptoms induced by exposure to the shock and situational reminders (SRs) model of PTSD. The CB1/2 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.), the fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle were administered 2 h after severe shock. Cannabinoids prevented the shock/SRs-induced alterations in social recognition memory, locomotion, passive coping, anxiety-like behavior, anhedonia, fear retrieval, fear extinction and startle response as well as the decrease in BDNF levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between depressive-like behaviors and BDNF levels in the brain. The findings suggest that cannabinoids may prevent both depressive- and PTSD-like symptoms following exposure to severe stress and that alterations in BDNF levels in the brains' fear circuit are involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Burstein
- School of Behavioral Science, The Academic College Tel-Aviv-Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshan
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ravid Doron
- School of Behavioral Science, The Academic College Tel-Aviv-Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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