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Shen Y, Cao J, Liang Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang R, Zong J, Du X, Peng Y, Zhang J, Shi J. Estrogen receptor α-NOTCH1 axis enhances basal stem-like cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes in prostate cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:50. [PMID: 31122254 PMCID: PMC6533681 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of mortality and a leading cause of malignant tumors in males. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are likely the responsible cell types for cancer initiation, clinical treatment failure, tumor relapse, and metastasis. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is mainly expressed in the basal layer cells of the normal prostate gland and has key roles in coordinating stem cells to control prostate organ development. Here, we investigated the roles of the estrogen-ERα signaling pathway in regulating PCSCs. Methods Correlation of CD49f and ERα/NOTCH1 was analyzed in human clinical datasets and tissue samples. Flow cytometry was used to sort CD49fHi and CD49fLow cells. EZH2 recruitment by ERα and facilitation of ERα binding to the NOTCH1 promoter was validated by Co-IP and ChIP. Primary tumor growth, tumor metastasis and sensitivity to 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibitor (tamoxifen) were evaluated in castrated mice. Results ERα expression was significantly higher in CD49fHi prostate cancer basal stem-like cells (PCBSLCs), which showed basal and EMT features with susceptibility to E2 treatment. ERα-induced estrogen effects were suggested to drive the NOTCH1 signaling pathway activity via binding to the NOTCH1 promoter. Moreover, EZH2 was recruited by ERα and acted as a cofactor to assist ERα-induced estrogen effects in regulating NOTCH1 in PCa. In vivo, E2 promoted tumor formation and metastasis, which were inhibited by tamoxifen. Conclusions Our results implicated CD49f+/ERα + prostate cancer cells associated with basal stem-like and EMT features, named EMT-PCBSLCs, in heightened potential for promoting metastasis. NOTCH1 was regulated by E2 in CD49fHi EMT-PCBSLCs. These results contribute to insights into the metastatic mechanisms of EMT-PCBSLCs in PCa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0367-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiasong Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhixian Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qimei Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianxi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zong
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jiandang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Bioactive Materials Key Lab of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Emamjomeh A, Choobineh D, Hajieghrari B, MahdiNezhad N, Khodavirdipour A. DNA-protein interaction: identification, prediction and data analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3571-3596. [PMID: 30915687 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Life in living organisms is dependent on specific and purposeful interaction between other molecules. Such purposeful interactions make the various processes inside the cells and the bodies of living organisms possible. DNA-protein interactions, among all the types of interactions between different molecules, are of considerable importance. Currently, with the development of numerous experimental techniques, diverse methods are convenient for recognition and investigating such interactions. While the traditional experimental techniques to identify DNA-protein complexes are time-consuming and are unsuitable for genome-scale studies, the current high throughput approaches are more efficient in determining such interaction at a large-scale, but they are clearly too costly to be practice for daily applications. Hence, according to the availability of much information related to different biological sequences and clearing different dimensions of conditions in which such interactions are formed, with the developments related to the computer, mathematics, and statistics motivate scientists to develop bioinformatics tools for prediction the interaction site(s). Until now, there has been much progress in this field. In this review, the factors and conditions governing the interaction and the laboratory techniques for examining such interactions are addressed. In addition, developed bioinformatics tools are introduced and compared for this reason and, in the end, several suggestions are offered for the promotion of such tools in prediction with much more precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Emamjomeh
- Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), University of Zabol, Zabol, 98615-538, Iran.
| | - Darush Choobineh
- Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Behzad Hajieghrari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, 74135-111, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh MahdiNezhad
- Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), University of Zabol, Zabol, 98615-538, Iran
| | - Amir Khodavirdipour
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, St. John's hospital, Bangalore, India
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Kumari K, Das B, Adhya AK, Rath AK, Mishra SK. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals six contravened targets of EZH2 associated with breast cancer patient survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1974. [PMID: 30760814 PMCID: PMC6374476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pioneering work have established that apart from genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications contribute significantly in tumor progression. Remarkable role of EZH2 in cancer highlights the importance of identifying its targets. Although much emphasis has been placed in recent years in designing drugs and inhibitors targeting EZH2, less effort has been given in exploring its existing targets that will help in understanding the oncogenic role of EZH2 in turn which may provide a more stringent method of targeting EZH2. In the present study, we validated six direct targets of EZH2 that are GPNMB, PMEPA1, CoL5A1, VGLL4, POMT2 and SUMF1 associated with cancer related pathways. Upon EZH2 knockdown, more than two fold increase in the target gene expression was evident. CHIP-qPCR performed in both MCF-7 and MDA-MDA-231 confirmed the in-vivo binding of EZH2 on its identified target. Thirty invasive breast carcinoma cases with their adjacent normal tissues were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry in primary breast tumor tissue array showed tumor dependent expression of EZH2. Array of MERAV expression database revealed the strength of association of EZH2 with its target genes. Real time PCR performed with RNA extracted from breast tumor tissues further authenticated the existing negative correlation between EZH2 and its target genes. Pearson correlation coefficient & statistical significance computed using the matrix provided in the database strengthened the negative correlation between identified target genes and EZH2. KM plotter analysis showed improved relapse-free survival with increased expression of PMEPA1, POMT2, VGLL4 and SUMF1 in breast cancer patients indicating their therapeutic potential. While investigating the relevance of these target genes, different mutations of them were found in breast cancer patients. Seeking the clinical relevance of our study, following our recent publication that reports the role of EZH2 in nicotine-mediated breast cancer development and progression, we observed significant reduced expression of SUMF1 in breast cancer patient samples with smoking history in comparison to never-smoked patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Translational Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Adhya
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arabinda K Rath
- Hemalata Hospitals and Research Centre, Chandrashekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphatase Is Essential for Allelic Exclusion of Variant Surface Glycoprotein Genes in Trypanosomes. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00395-18. [PMID: 30420356 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00395-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic exclusion of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes is essential for African trypanosomes to evade the host antibody response by antigenic variation. The mechanisms by which this parasite expresses only one of its ∼2,000 VSG genes at a time are unknown. We show that nuclear phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase (PIP5Pase) interacts with repressor activator protein 1 (RAP1) in a multiprotein complex and functions in the control of VSG allelic exclusion. RAP1 binds PIP5Pase substrate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], and catalytic mutation of PIP5Pase that inhibits PI(3,4,5)P3 dephosphorylation results in simultaneous transcription of VSGs from all telomeric expression sites (ESs) and from silent subtelomeric VSG arrays. PIP5Pase and RAP1 bind to telomeric ESs, especially at 70-bp repeats and telomeres, and their binding is altered by PIP5Pase inactivation or knockdown, implying changes in ES chromatin organization. Our data suggest a model whereby PIP5Pase controls PI(3,4,5)P3 binding by RAP1 and, thus, RAP1 silencing of telomeric and subtelomeric VSG genes. Hence, allelic exclusion of VSG genes may entail control of nuclear phosphoinositides.
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Müller S, Glaß M, Singh AK, Haase J, Bley N, Fuchs T, Lederer M, Dahl A, Huang H, Chen J, Posern G, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 promotes SRF-dependent transcription in cancer in a m6A- and miRNA-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:375-390. [PMID: 30371874 PMCID: PMC6326824 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal mRNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 and the transcriptional regulator SRF modulate gene expression in cancer. In cancer cells, we demonstrate that IGF2BP1 promotes the expression of SRF in a conserved and N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner by impairing the miRNA-directed decay of the SRF mRNA. This results in enhanced SRF-dependent transcriptional activity and promotes tumor cell growth and invasion. At the post-transcriptional level, IGF2BP1 sustains the expression of various SRF-target genes. The majority of these SRF/IGF2BP1-enhanced genes, including PDLIM7 and FOXK1, show conserved upregulation with SRF and IGF2BP1 synthesis in cancer. PDLIM7 and FOXK1 promote tumor cell growth and were reported to enhance cell invasion. Consistently, 35 SRF/IGF2BP1-dependent genes showing conserved association with SRF and IGF2BP1 expression indicate a poor overall survival probability in ovarian, liver and lung cancer. In conclusion, these findings identify the SRF/IGF2BP1-, miRNome- and m6A-dependent control of gene expression as a conserved oncogenic driver network in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford protein center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Kumar N, Mukhopadhyay A. Using ChIP-Based Approaches to Characterize FOXO Recruitment to its Target Promoters. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1890:115-130. [PMID: 30414149 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to quantitative real-time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) or Next-Generation Sequencing (ChIP-seq) enables us to study the dynamics of chromatin recruitment of transcription factors (TFs). The popular model system Caenorhabditis elegans has provided us with fundamental understanding of the role of Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) in metabolism and aging. The FOXO TF DAF-16 is the major output of the pathway that regulates most of the phenotypes associated with the IIS pathway. Here, we describe a ChIP protocol to study FOXO recruitment dynamics in whole C. elegans extracts. We discuss detailed practical procedures, including optimization, growth, harvesting, formaldehyde fixation, sonication of worms, TF immunoprecipitation for further downstream processing using qPCR as well as NGS for the analysis of FOXO-bound DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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57
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Gotoh H, Wood WM, Patel KD, Factor DC, Boshans LL, Nomura T, Tesar PJ, Ono K, Nishiyama A. NG2 expression in NG2 glia is regulated by binding of SoxE and bHLH transcription factors to a Cspg4 intronic enhancer. Glia 2018; 66:2684-2699. [PMID: 30306660 PMCID: PMC6309483 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NG2 is a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein encoded by the Cspg4 gene. It is expressed on glial progenitor cells known as NG2 glial cells or oligodendrocyte precursor cells that exist widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system and vascular mural cells but not on mature oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, or neural stem cells. Hence NG2 is widely used as a marker for NG2 glia in the rodent and human. The regulatory elements of the mouse Cspg4 gene and its flanking sequences have been used successfully to target reporter and Cre recombinase to NG2 glia in transgenic mice when used in a large 200 kb bacterial artificial chromosome cassette containing the 38 kb Cspg4 gene in the center. Despite the tightly regulated cell type- and stage-specific expression of NG2 in the brain and spinal cord, the mechanisms that regulate its transcription have remained unknown. Here, we describe a 1.45 kb intronic enhancer of the mouse Cspg4 gene that directed transcription of EGFP reporter to NG2 glia but not to pericytes in vitro and in transgenic mice. The 1.45 kb enhancer contained binding sites for SoxE and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, and its enhancer activity was augmented cooperatively by these factors, whose respective binding elements were found in close proximity to each other. Mutations in these binding elements abrogated the enhancer activity when tested in the postnatal mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - William M. Wood
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Kiran D. Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Daniel C. Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
| | - Linda L. Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut
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Zhang W, Duan N, Zhang Q, Song T, Li Z, Chen X, Wang K. The intracellular NADH level regulates atrophic nonunion pathogenesis through the CtBP2-p300-Runx2 transcriptional complex. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:2023-2036. [PMID: 30585266 PMCID: PMC6299368 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophic nonunion, a complicated failure of fracture healing, is still obscure regarding its molecular pathological mechanisms. Carboxyl-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs), an NADH-sensitive transcriptional corepressor family, are involved in many diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. Here, we found that CtBP2, but not CtBP1, was significantly overexpressed in atrophic nonunion tissues compared to healthy controls. Using a mass spectrometry assay, we found that CtBP2 can form a complex with histone acetyltransferase p300 and transcription factor Runx2. The lower NADH level in atrophic nonunion tissues disrupted CtBP2 dimerization and enhanced the blockage of the accessibility of the p300-Runx2 complex to the promoters of a series of bone-related target genes, such as OSC, ALPL, COL1A1, IBSP, SPP1 and MMP13. The expression of these genes can be reversed by a forced increase in NADH with CoCl2 treatment. In conclusion, our study revealed that NADH levels determine the expression of bone formation and development of related genes through affecting the dissociation or binding of CtBP2 to the p300-Runx2 complex. These results represent a conserved mechanism, by which CtBP2 serves as a NADH-dependent repressor of the p300-Runx2 transcriptional complex and thus affects bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710005, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The second department of surgery room, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710005, Shaanxi, China
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Rudolph AK, Walter T, Erkel G. The fungal metabolite cyclonerodiol inhibits IL-4/IL-13 induced Stat6-signaling through blocking the association of Stat6 with p38, ERK1/2 and p300. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:392-401. [PMID: 30380514 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The IL-4/IL-13/Stat6 pathway is the key driver of asthma pathophysiology. Therefore the development of inhibitors that specifically modulate IL-13/IL-4 or the downstream signaling molecules like Stat6 may be useful as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of asthma and multiple allergic diseases. We have previously identified the fungal 2,6-cyclofarnesane cyclonerodiol as an inhibitor of IL-4 induced Stat6-dependent signaling in the alveolar epithelial cell line A549 using a transcriptional reporter. In this study we investigated the underlying mode of action of cyclonerodiol on the IL-4/IL-13/Stat6 pathway. Cyclonerodiol failed to interfere with activation, nuclear transport or binding of Stat6 to the corresponding consensus sequence on the DNA. Our results showed that cyclonerodiol blocked serine phosphorylation of Stat6 by affecting its association with p38 and Erk1/2. Cyclonerodiol also prevented the recruitment of the transcriptional coactivator p300 and Stat6 acetylation. These findings suggest that cyclonerodiol affects IL-4/IL-13 induced expression of asthma related marker genes by blocking transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristina Rudolph
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 70, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 70, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 70, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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60
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Volkova PY, Geras'kin SA. 'Omic' technologies as a helpful tool in radioecological research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 189:156-167. [PMID: 29677564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief review of the modern 'omic' technologies, namely genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as the examples of their possible use in radioecology. For each technology, a short description of advances, limitations, and instrumental applications is given. In addition, the review contains examples of successful use of 'omic' technologies in the assessment of biological effects of pollutants in the field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Yu Volkova
- Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, 249032, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, Obninsk, Russia.
| | - Stanislav A Geras'kin
- Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, 249032, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, Obninsk, Russia
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61
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Liu D, Qin S, Ray B, Kalari KR, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Distant from Xenobiotic Response Elements Can Modulate Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Function: SNP-Dependent CYP1A1 Induction. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1372-1381. [PMID: 29980579 PMCID: PMC6090174 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP1A1 expression can be upregulated by the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Based on prior observations with estrogen receptors and estrogen response elements, we tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping hundreds of base pairs (bp) from xenobiotic response elements (XREs) might influence AHR binding and subsequent gene expression. Specifically, we analyzed DNA sequences 5 kb upstream and downstream of the CYP1A1 gene for putative XREs. SNPs located ±500 bp of these putative XREs were studied using a genomic data-rich human lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) model system. CYP1A1 mRNA levels were determined after treatment with varying concentrations of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). The rs2470893 (-1694G>A) SNP, located 196 bp from an XRE in the CYP1A1 promoter, was associated with 2-fold variation in AHR-XRE binding in a SNP-dependent fashion. LCLs with the AA genotype displayed significantly higher AHR-XRE binding and CYP1A1 mRNA expression after 3MC treatment than did those with the GG genotype. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that oligonucleotides with the AA genotype displayed higher LCL nuclear extract binding after 3MC treatment than did those with the GG genotype, and mass spectrometric analysis of EMSA protein-DNA complex bands identified three candidate proteins, two of which were co-immunoprecipitated with AHR. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the rs2470893 SNP, which maps 196 bp from a CYP1A1 promoter XRE, is associated with variations in 3MC-dependent AHR binding and CYP1A1 expression. Similar "distant SNP effects" on AHR binding to an XRE motif and subsequent gene expression might occur for additional AHR-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sisi Qin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Balmiki Ray
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.L., S.Q., B.R., L.W., R.M.W.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Xu Y, Lee JH, Li Z, Wang L, Ordog T, Bailey RC. A droplet microfluidic platform for efficient enzymatic chromatin digestion enables robust determination of nucleosome positioning. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2583-2592. [PMID: 30046796 PMCID: PMC6103843 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The first step in chromatin-based epigenetic assays involves the fragmentation of chromatin to facilitate precise genomic localization of the associated DNA. Here, we report the development of a droplet microfluidic device that can rapidly and efficiently digest chromatin into single nucleosomes starting from whole-cell input material offering simplified and automated processing compared to conventional manual preparation. We demonstrate the digestion of chromatin from 2500-125 000 Jurkat cells using micrococcal nuclease for enzymatic processing. We show that the yield of mononucleosomal DNA can be optimized by controlling enzyme concentration and incubation time, with resulting mononucleosome yields exceeding 80%. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced mononucleosomal DNA (MNase-seq) indicated a high degree of reproducibility and concordance (97-99%) compared with conventionally processed preparations. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of robust and automated nucleosome preparation using a droplet microfluidic platform for nucleosome positioning and downstream epigenomic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Identifying Genomic Sites of ADP-Ribosylation Mediated by Specific Nuclear PARP Enzymes Using Click-ChIP. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1813:371-387. [PMID: 30097881 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), including PARPs 1, 2, and 3 and the Tankyrases, belong to a family of enzymes that can bind to chromatin and covalently modify histone- and chromatin-associated proteins with ADP-ribose derived from nuclear NAD+. The genomic loci where the nuclear PARPs bind and covalently modify chromatin are a fundamental question in PARP biology. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) has become an essential tool for determining specific sites of binding and modification genome-wide. Few methods are available, however, for localizing PARP-specific ADP-ribosylation events across the genome. Here we describe a variation of ChIP-seq, called Click-ChIP-seq, for identifying sites of ADP-ribosylation mediated by specific PARP family members. This method uses analog-sensitive PARP (asPARP) technology, including asPARP mutants and the alkyne-containing "clickable" NAD+ analog 8-Bu(3-yne)T-NAD+. In this assay, nuclei from cells expressing an asPARP protein of interest are incubated with 8-Bu(3-yne)T-NAD+, which is incorporated into ADP-ribose modifications mediated only by that specific asPARP protein. The nuclei are then subjected to cross-linking with formaldehyde, and the protein-linked analog ADP-ribose is clicked to biotin using copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide "click" chemistry. The chromatin is fragmented, and the fragments containing analog ADP-ribose are enriched using streptavidin-mediated precipitation. Finally, the enriched DNA is analyzed by qPCR or deep-sequencing experiments to determine which genomic loci contain ADP-ribose modifications mediated by the specific PARP protein of interest. Click-ChIP-seq has proven to be a robust and reproducible method for identifying chromatin-associated, PARP-specific ADP-ribosylation events genome-wide.
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Balcik-Ercin P, Cetin M, Yalim-Camci I, Odabas G, Tokay N, Sayan AE, Yagci T. Genome-wide analysis of endogenously expressed ZEB2 binding sites reveals inverse correlations between ZEB2 and GalNAc-transferase GALNT3 in human tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:379-393. [PMID: 29516288 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZEB2 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through binding to bipartite E-box motifs in gene regulatory regions. Despite the abundant presence of E-boxes within the human genome and the multiplicity of pathophysiological processes regulated during ZEB2-induced EMT, only a small fraction of ZEB2 targets has been identified so far. Hence, we explored genome-wide ZEB2 binding by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) under endogenous ZEB2 expression conditions. METHODS For ChIP-Seq we used an anti-ZEB2 monoclonal antibody, clone 6E5, in SNU398 hepatocellular carcinoma cells exhibiting a high endogenous ZEB2 expression. The ChIP-Seq targets were validated using ChIP-qPCR, whereas ZEB2-dependent expression of target genes was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting in shRNA-mediated ZEB2 silenced SNU398 cells and doxycycline-induced ZEB2 overexpressing colorectal carcinoma DLD1 cells. Changes in target gene expression were also assessed using primary human tumor cDNA arrays in conjunction with RT-qPCR. Additional differential expression and correlation analyses were performed using expO and Human Protein Atlas datasets. RESULTS Over 500 ChIP-Seq positive genes were annotated, and intervals related to these genes were found to include the ZEB2 binding motif CACCTG according to TOMTOM motif analysis in the MEME Suite database. Assessment of ZEB2-dependent expression of target genes in ZEB2-silenced SNU398 cells and ZEB2-induced DLD1 cells revealed that the GALNT3 gene serves as a ZEB2 target with the highest, but inversely correlated, expression level. Remarkably, GALNT3 also exhibited the highest enrichment in the ChIP-qPCR validation assays. Through the analyses of primary tumor cDNA arrays and expO datasets a significant differential expression and a significant inverse correlation between ZEB2 and GALNT3 expression were detected in most of the tumors. We also explored ZEB2 and GALNT3 protein expression using the Human Protein Atlas dataset and, again, observed an inverse correlation in all analyzed tumor types, except malignant melanoma. In contrast to a generally negative or weak ZEB2 expression, we found that most tumor tissues exhibited a strong or moderate GALNT3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our observation that ZEB2 negatively regulates a GalNAc-transferase (GALNT3) that is involved in O-glycosylation adds another layer of complexity to the role of ZEB2 in cancer progression and metastasis. Proteins glycosylated by GALNT3 may be exploited as novel diagnostics and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Balcik-Ercin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Cetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Irem Yalim-Camci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Odabas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Tokay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - A Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gebze Technical University, C2-Building, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Kumari K, Adhya AK, Rath AK, Reddy PB, Mishra SK. Estrogen-related receptors alpha, beta and gamma expression and function is associated with transcriptional repressor EZH2 in breast carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:690. [PMID: 29940916 PMCID: PMC6019302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orphan nuclear receptors ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ that belong to NR3B or type IV nuclear receptor family are well studied for their role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Their homology with the canonical estrogen receptor dictates their possible contributing role in mammary gland development and disease. Although function and regulation of ERRα, ERRγ and less about ERRβ is reported, role of histone methylation in their altered expression in cancer cells is not studied. Transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors depends on co-regulatory proteins. The present study for the first time gives an insight into regulation of estrogen-related receptors by histone methylation specifically through methyltransferase EZH2 in breast cancer. METHODS Expression of ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ and EZH2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in four identical tissue array slides that were prepared as per the protocol. The array slides were stained with ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ and EZH2 simultaneously. Array data was correlated with expression in MERAV expression dataset. Pearson correlation coeficient r was calculated from the partial matrix expression values available at MERAV database to study the strength of association between EZH2 and three orphan nuclear receptors under study. By western blot and real time PCR, their correlated expression was studied in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, T47D and MDA-MB-453 including normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells at both protein and RNA level. Regulation of ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ by EZH2 was further investigated upon overexpression and silencing of EZH2. The interaction between ERRs and EZH2 was validated in vivo by CHIP-qPCR. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between estrogen-related receptors and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2, a global repressor gene. Immunohistochemistry in primary breast tumors of different grades showed a correlated expression of estrogen-related receptors and EZH2. Their correlated expression was further validated using online MERAV expression dataset where a negative correlation of variable strengths was observed in breast cancer. Ectopic expression of EZH2 in low EZH2-expressing normal breast epithelial cells abrogated their expression and at the same time, its silencing enhanced the expression of estrogen-related receptors in cancerous cells. Global occupancy of EZH2 on ERRα and ERRβ was observed in-vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings identify EZH2 as a relevant coregulator for estrogen-related receptors in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Amit K. Adhya
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | - P. B. Reddy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Govt. PG College Ratlam, Ratlam, MP India
| | - Sandip K. Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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Noguchi K, Dincman TA, Dalton AC, Howley BV, McCall BJ, Mohanty BK, Howe PH. Interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) promotes melanoma invasiveness and is transcriptionally up-regulated by upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11401-11414. [PMID: 29871931 PMCID: PMC6065179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI, FAM3C) is a secreted factor that contributes to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell-biological process that confers metastatic properties to a tumor cell. However, very little is known about how ILEI is regulated. Here we demonstrate that ILEI is an in vivo regulator of melanoma invasiveness and is transcriptionally up-regulated by the upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1), an E-box-binding, basic-helix-loop-helix family transcription factor. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ILEI in melanoma cell lines attenuated lung colonization but not primary tumor formation. We also identified the mechanism underlying ILEI transcriptional regulation, which was through a direct interaction of USF-1 with the ILEI promoter. Of note, stimulation of endogenous USF-1 by UV-mediated activation increased ILEI expression, whereas shRNA-mediated USF-1 knockdown decreased ILEI gene transcription. Finally, we report that knocking down USF-1 decreases tumor cell migration. In summary, our work reveals that ILEI contributes to melanoma cell invasiveness in vivo without affecting primary tumor growth and is transcriptionally up-regulated by USF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Toros A Dincman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Annamarie C Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Breege V Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Buckley J McCall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Bidyut K Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.
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Dall'Acqua A, Sonego M, Pellizzari I, Pellarin I, Canzonieri V, D'Andrea S, Benevol S, Sorio R, Giorda G, Califano D, Bagnoli M, Militello L, Mezzanzanica D, Chiappetta G, Armenia J, Belletti B, Schiappacassi M, Baldassarre G. CDK6 protects epithelial ovarian cancer from platinum-induced death via FOXO3 regulation. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1415-1433. [PMID: 28778953 PMCID: PMC5623833 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an infrequent but highly lethal disease, almost invariably treated with platinum‐based therapies. Improving the response to platinum represents a great challenge, since it could significantly impact on patient survival. Here, we report that silencing or pharmacological inhibition of CDK6 increases EOC cell sensitivity to platinum. We observed that, upon platinum treatment, CDK6 phosphorylated and stabilized the transcription factor FOXO3, eventually inducing ATR transcription. Blockage of this pathway resulted in EOC cell death, due to altered DNA damage response accompanied by increased apoptosis. These observations were recapitulated in EOC cell lines in vitro, in xenografts in vivo, and in primary tumor cells derived from platinum‐treated patients. Consistently, high CDK6 and FOXO3 expression levels in primary EOC predict poor patient survival. Our data suggest that CDK6 represents an actionable target that can be exploited to improve platinum efficacy in EOC patients. As CDK4/6 inhibitors are successfully used in cancer patients, our findings can be immediately transferred to the clinic to improve the outcome of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dall'Acqua
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maura Sonego
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellizzari
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Division of Pathology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara D'Andrea
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Benevol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Division of Gynecology-Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Daniela Califano
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Militello
- Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Chiappetta
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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Roy L, Bobbs A, Sattler R, Kurkewich JL, Dausinas PB, Nallathamby P, Cowden Dahl KD. CD133 Promotes Adhesion to the Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Niche. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2018; 11:1179064418767882. [PMID: 29662326 PMCID: PMC5894897 DOI: 10.1177/1179064418767882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an attractive therapeutic target due to their predicted role in both metastasis and chemoresistance. One of the most commonly agreed on markers for ovarian CSCs is the cell surface protein CD133. CD133+ ovarian CSCs have increased tumorigenicity, resistance to chemotherapy, and increased metastasis. Therefore, we were interested in defining how CD133 is regulated and whether it has a role in tumor metastasis. Previously we found that overexpression of the transcription factor, ARID3B, increased the expression of PROM1 (CD133 gene) in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors. We report that ARID3B directly regulates PROM1 expression. Importantly, in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer, knockdown of PROM1 in cells expressing exogenous ARID3B resulted in increased survival time compared with cells expressing ARID3B and a control short hairpin RNA. This indicated that ARID3B regulation of PROM1 is critical for tumor growth. Moreover, we hypothesized that CD133 may affect metastatic spread. Given that the peritoneal mesothelium is a major site of ovarian cancer metastasis, we explored the role of PROM1 in mesothelial attachment. PROM1 expression increased adhesion to mesothelium in vitro and ex vivo. Collectively, our work demonstrates that ARID3B regulates PROM1 adhesion to the ovarian cancer metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Bobbs
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Sattler
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Kurkewich
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Paige B Dausinas
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Prakash Nallathamby
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Induction of Interleukin 10 by Borrelia burgdorferi Is Regulated by the Action of CD14-Dependent p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and cAMP-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00781-17. [PMID: 29311239 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00781-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genotype influences the severity of murine Lyme borreliosis, caused by the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi C57BL/6 (B6) mice develop mild Lyme arthritis, whereas C3H/HeN (C3H) mice develop severe Lyme arthritis. Differential expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) has long been associated with mouse strain differences in Lyme pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of this genotype-specific IL-10 regulation remained elusive. Herein we reveal a cAMP-mediated mechanism of IL-10 regulation in B6 macrophages that is substantially diminished in C3H macrophages. Under cAMP and CD14-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, B6 macrophages stimulated with B. burgdorferi produce increased amounts of IL-10 and decreased levels of arthritogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). cAMP relaxes chromatin, while p38 increases binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and specific protein 1 (SP1) to the IL-10 promoter, leading to increased IL-10 production in B6 bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs). Conversely, macrophages derived from arthritis-susceptible C3H mice possess significantly less endogenous cAMP, produce less IL-10, and thus are ill equipped to mitigate the damaging consequences of B. burgdorferi-induced TNF. Intriguingly, an altered balance between anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines and CD14-dependent regulatory mechanisms also is operative in primary human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, providing potential insight into the clinical spectrum of human Lyme disease. In line with this notion, we have demonstrated that cAMP-enhancing drugs increase IL-10 production in myeloid cells, thus curtailing inflammation associated with murine Lyme borreliosis. Discovery of novel treatments or repurposing of FDA-approved cAMP-modulating medications may be a promising avenue for treatment of patients with adverse clinical outcomes, including certain post-Lyme complications, in whom dysregulated immune responses may play a role.
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Alfano L, Costa C, Caporaso A, Antonini D, Giordano A, Pentimalli F. HUR protects NONO from degradation by mir320, which is induced by p53 upon UV irradiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78127-78139. [PMID: 27816966 PMCID: PMC5363649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UV radiations challenge genomic stability and are a recognized cancer risk factor. We previously found that the RNA-binding protein NONO regulates the intra-S phase checkpoint and its silencing impaired HeLa and melanoma cell response to UV-induced DNA damage. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying NONO regulation upon UVC treatment. We found that UVC rays induce the expression of mir320a, which can indeed target NONO. However, despite mir320a induction, NONO mRNA and protein expression are not affected by UVC. We found through RNA immunoprecipitation that UVC rays induce the ubiquitous RNA-binding protein HUR to bind NONO 5′UTR in a site overlapping mir320a binding site. Both HUR silencing and its pharmacological inhibition induced NONO downregulation following UVC exposure, whereas concomitant mir320a silencing restored NONO stability. UVC-mediated mir320a upregulation is triggered by p53 binding to its promoter, which lies within a region marked by H3K4me3 and H3K27ac signals upon UVC treatment. Silencing mir320a sensitizes cells to DNA damage. Overall our findings reveal a new mechanism whereby HUR protects NONO from mir320-mediated degradation upon UVC exposure and identify a new component within the complex network of players underlying the DNA damage response adding mir320a to the list of p53-regulated targets upon genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Alfano
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Per Lo Studio E La Cura Dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Per Lo Studio E La Cura Dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Caporaso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, 53100, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, 53100, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19122, USA
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Per Lo Studio E La Cura Dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19122, USA
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Zhou S, Shen Y, Zheng M, Wang L, Che R, Hu W, Li P. DNA methylation of METTL7A gene body regulates its transcriptional level in thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34652-34660. [PMID: 28416772 PMCID: PMC5470999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the best-studied epigenetic mechanism for regulating gene transcription and maintaining genome stability. Current research progress of transcriptional regulation by DNA methylation mostly focuses on promoter region where hypomethylated CpG islands are present transcriptional activity, as hypermethylated CpG islands generally result in gene repression. Recently, the DNA methylation patterns across the gene body (intragenic methylation) have increasingly attracted attention towards their role in transcriptional regulation and efficiency, due to the improvement of numerous genome-wide DNA methylation profiling studies. However, the function and mechanism of gene body methylation is still unclear. In this study, we revealed that the methylation level of METTL7A, a seldom studied gene, was downregulated in thyroid cancer compared to normal thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we determined the methylation level of one CpG site at the exon of the METTL7A gene body impacted the transcriptional activity. Through generating a mutation of this CpG site (CG to CC) of METTL7A exogenous vector artificially in vitro, we observed higher RNA polymerase II recruitment and a declined enrichment of methyl-CpG binding protein-2 in gene body of METTL7A, in papillary thryoid cancer cells (BCPAP) compared to normal thryoid cells. Finally, we revealed that EZH2, a subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2, dominant in thyroid cancer, might be responsible for regulating gene body methylation of METTL7A. Our study depicted the DNA methylation patterns and the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the gene body in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, this study provides new insight into potential future avenues, for therapies targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Oncology of Tangshan People's Hospital & Tangshan Cancer Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Che
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96814, USA
| | - Wanning Hu
- Department of Oncology of Tangshan People's Hospital & Tangshan Cancer Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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72
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Tristán-Flores FE, Guzmán P, Ortega-Kermedy MS, Cruz-Torres G, de la Rocha C, Silva-Martínez GA, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Alvarado-Caudillo Y, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Sayols S, Lund G, Zaina S. Liver X Receptor-Binding DNA Motif Associated With Atherosclerosis-Specific DNA Methylation Profiles of Alu Elements and Neighboring CpG Islands. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007686. [PMID: 29386205 PMCID: PMC5850253 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signals that determine atherosclerosis-specific DNA methylation profiles are only partially known. We previously identified a 29-bp DNA motif (differential methylation motif [DMM]) proximal to CpG islands (CGIs) that undergo demethylation in advanced human atheromas. Those data hinted that the DMM docks modifiers of DNA methylation and transcription. METHODS AND RESULTS We sought to functionally characterize the DMM. We showed that the DMM overlaps with the RNA polymerase III-binding B box of Alu short interspersed nuclear elements and contains a DR2 nuclear receptor response element. Pointing to a possible functional role for an Alu DMM, CGIs proximal (<100 bp) to near-intact DMM-harboring Alu are significantly less methylated relative to CGIs proximal to degenerate DMM-harboring Alu or to DMM-devoid mammalian-wide interspersed repeat short interspersed nuclear elements in human arteries. As for DMM-binding factors, LXRB (liver X receptor β) binds the DMM in a DR2-dependent fashion, and LXR (liver X receptor) agonists induce significant hypermethylation of the bulk of Alu in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we describe 3 intergenic long noncoding RNAs that harbor a DMM, are under transcriptional control by LXR agonists, and are differentially expressed between normal and atherosclerotic human aortas. Notably, CGIs adjacent to those long noncoding RNAs tend to be hypomethylated in symptomatic relative to stable human atheromas. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data suggest that a DMM is associated with 2 distinct methylation states: relatively low methylation of in cis CGIs and Alu element hypermethylation. Based on the known atheroprotective role of LXRs, we propose that LXR agonist-induced Alu hypermethylation, a landmark of atherosclerosis, is a compensatory rather than proatherogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Plinio Guzmán
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Cruz-Torres
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto, Mexico
| | - Carmen de la Rocha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | | | - Dalia Rodríguez-Ríos
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Alvarado-Caudillo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto, Mexico
| | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto, Mexico
| | - Sergi Sayols
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto, Mexico
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73
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Drayman N, Ben-Nun-Shaul O, Butin-Israeli V, Srivastava R, Rubinstein AM, Mock CS, Elyada E, Ben-Neriah Y, Lahav G, Oppenheim A. p53 elevation in human cells halt SV40 infection by inhibiting T-ag expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52643-52660. [PMID: 27462916 PMCID: PMC5288138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SV40 large T-antigen (T-ag) has been known for decades to inactivate the tumor suppressor p53 by sequestration and additional mechanisms. Our present study revealed that the struggle between p53 and T-ag begins very early in the infection cycle. We found that p53 is activated early after SV40 infection and defends the host against the infection. Using live cell imaging and single cell analyses we found that p53 dynamics are variable among individual cells, with only a subset of cells activating p53 immediately after SV40 infection. This cell-to-cell variabilty had clear consequences on the outcome of the infection. None of the cells with elevated p53 at the beginning of the infection proceeded to express T-ag, suggesting a p53-dependent decision between abortive and productive infection. In addition, we show that artificial elevation of p53 levels prior to the infection reduces infection efficiency, supporting a role for p53 in defending against SV40. We further found that the p53-mediated host defense mechanism against SV40 is not facilitated by apoptosis nor via interferon-stimulated genes. Instead p53 binds to the viral DNA at the T-ag promoter region, prevents its transcriptional activation by Sp1, and halts the progress of the infection. These findings shed new light on the long studied struggle between SV40 T-ag and p53, as developed during virus-host coevolution. Our studies indicate that the fate of SV40 infection is determined as soon as the viral DNA enters the nucleus, before the onset of viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Drayman
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Ben-Nun-Shaul
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Caroline S Mock
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ela Elyada
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ariella Oppenheim
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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74
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Thyroid Hormone Promotes β-Catenin Activation and Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:156-165. [PMID: 29380230 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone status has long been implicated in cancer development. Here we investigated the role of thyroxine (T4) in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT 116 (APC wild type) and HT-29 (APC mutant), as well as the primary cultures of cancer cells derived from patients. Cell proliferation was evaluated with standard assay and proliferation marker expression. β-Catenin activation was examined according to nuclear β-catenin accumulation and β-catenin target gene expression. The results showed that T4 increased colorectal cancer cell proliferation while cell number and viability were elevated by T4 in both established cell lines and primary cells. Moreover, the transcriptions of proliferative genes PCNA, CCND1, and c-Myc were enhanced by T4 in the primary cells. T4 induced nuclear β-catenin accumulation, as well as high cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels compared to the untreated cells. In addition, the β-catenin-directed transactivation of CCND1 and c-Myc promoters was also upregulated by T4. CTNNB1 transcription was raised by T4 in HCT 116, but not in HT-29, while the boosted β-catenin levels were observed in both. Lastly, the T4-mediated gene expression could be averted by the knockdown of β-catenin. These results suggested that T4 promotes β-catenin activation and cell proliferation in colorectal cancer, indicating that an applicable therapeutic strategy should be considered.
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75
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Alam MS, Gaida MM, Debnath S, Tagad HD, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Rahman MJ, Ashwell JD. Unique properties of TCR-activated p38 are necessary for NFAT-dependent T-cell activation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004111. [PMID: 29357353 PMCID: PMC5794172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors are required for induction of T-cell cytokine production and effector function. Although it is known that activation via the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in 2 critical steps, calcineurin-mediated NFAT1 dephosphorylation and NFAT2 up-regulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying each are poorly understood. Here we find that T cell p38, which is activated by an alternative pathway independent of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and with different substrate specificities, directly controls these events. First, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 was required to induce the expression of the AP-1 component c-Fos, which was necessary for NFAT2 expression and cytokine production. Second, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 phosphorylated NFAT1 on a heretofore unidentified site, S79, and in its absence NFAT1 was unable to interact with calcineurin or migrate to the nucleus. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of unique specificities by TCR-activated p38 orchestrates NFAT-dependent T-cell functions. The p38 MAP kinase, which is required for a large number of important biological responses, is activated by an enzymatic cascade that results in its dual phosphorylation on p38T180Y182. T cells have evolved a unique pathway in which T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation results in phosphorylation of p38Y323 (the alternative pathway). Why T cells acquired this pathway is the subject of conjecture. In this study, we examine the activation of 2 members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, which, when dephosphorylated by calcineurin, migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In T cells with the alternative pathway ablated by a single amino acid substitution (p38Y323F), NFAT1 remained in the cytoplasm after stimulation via the TCR. Studies identified NFAT1S79 as a target for alternatively (but not classically) activated p38, and phosphorylation of this residue was required for binding calcineurin and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, although classically activated p38 induced NFAT1 translocation in the absence of NFAT1S79 phosphorylation, unlike alternatively activated p38 it did not cause NFAT2 up-regulation. This paradox was resolved by the finding that only the latter induces c-Fos, which binds to the NFAT2 promoter and participates in its up-regulation. These T-cell-specific p38 activities provide a strong rationale for the acquisition of the alternative mechanism for activating p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harichandra D. Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Jubayer Rahman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology at the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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76
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Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an invaluable method for studying interactions between histone proteins and genomic DNA regions and transcriptional regulation using antibodies to enrich genomic regions associated with these epitopes. Either to monitor the presence of histones with post-translational modifications at specific genomic locations or to measure transcription factor interactions with a candidate target gene, protein-DNA complexes are most commonly crosslinked using formaldehyde, which stabilizes these transient interactions. Chromatin is then fragmented to allow separation of genomic fragments bound by the histone or transcription factor of interest away from those that are unbound. Following immunoprecipitation, formaldehyde crosslinks are reversed and enriched DNA fragments are purified. While some investigators have successfully performed ChIP experiments from crosslinked skeletal muscle in cell culture, the process is relatively inefficient compared to whole tissue. This chapter provides protocols specifically designed for the crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of human skeletal muscle biopsy samples in preparation for chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Saini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Molecular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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77
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Beischlag TV, Prefontaine GG, Hankinson O. ChIP-re-ChIP: Co-occupancy Analysis by Sequential Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1689:103-112. [PMID: 29027168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7380-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) exploits the specific interactions between DNA and DNA-associated proteins. It can be used to examine a wide range of experimental parameters. A number of proteins bound at the same genomic location can identify a multi-protein chromatin complex where several proteins work together to regulate gene transcription or chromatin configuration. In many instances, this can be achieved using sequential ChIP; or simply, ChIP-re-ChIP. Whether it is for the examination of specific transcriptional or epigenetic regulators, or for the identification of cistromes, the ability to perform a sequential ChIP adds a higher level of power and definition to these analyses. In this chapter, we describe a simple and reliable method for the sequential ChIP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Beischlag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6.
| | - Gratien G Prefontaine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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78
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Wang CF, Hsing HW, Zhuang ZH, Wen MH, Chang WJ, Briz CG, Nieto M, Shyu BC, Chou SJ. Lhx2 Expression in Postmitotic Cortical Neurons Initiates Assembly of the Thalamocortical Somatosensory Circuit. Cell Rep 2017; 18:849-856. [PMID: 28122236 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons must be specified and make the correct connections during development. Here, we examine a mechanism initiating neuronal circuit formation in the barrel cortex, a circuit comprising thalamocortical axons (TCAs) and layer 4 (L4) neurons. When Lhx2 is selectively deleted in postmitotic cortical neurons using conditional knockout (cKO) mice, L4 neurons in the barrel cortex are initially specified but fail to form cellular barrels or develop polarized dendrites. In Lhx2 cKO mice, TCAs from the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus reach the barrel cortex but fail to further arborize to form barrels. Several activity-regulated genes and genes involved in regulating barrel formation are downregulated in the Lhx2 cKO somatosensory cortex. Among them, Btbd3, an activity-regulated gene controlling dendritic development, is a direct downstream target of Lhx2. We find that Lhx2 confers neuronal competency for activity-dependent dendritic development in L4 neurons by inducing the expression of Btbd3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Hsing
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Wen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Carlos G Briz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Bai Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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79
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Analysis of Epigenetic Regulation of Hypoxia-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Cells by Quantitative Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1436:23-9. [PMID: 27246206 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3667-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a key role in gene expression control. Histone modifications including acetylation/deacetylation or methylation/demethylation are major epigenetic mechanisms known to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated gene expression during hypoxia-induced cancer metastasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay is a powerful tool for investigation of histone modification patterns of genes of interest. In this chapter, we describe a protocol that uses chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to analyze the epigenetic regulation of EMT marker genes by deacetylation of acetylated Histone 3 Lys 4 (H3K4Ac) under hypoxia in a head and neck cancer cell line FaDu cells. Not only a method of ChIP coupled by real-time quantitative PCR but also the detailed conditions are provided based on our previously published studies.
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80
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Jayabal P, Houghton PJ, Shiio Y. EWS-FLI-1 creates a cell surface microenvironment conducive to IGF signaling by inducing pappalysin-1. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:762-770. [PMID: 29321818 PMCID: PMC5755722 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue in children with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the chromosomal translocation between EWS and an Ets family transcription factor, most commonly FLI-1. EWS-FLI-1 fusion accounts for 85% of Ewing sarcoma cases. EWS-FLI-1 regulates the expression of a number of genes important for sarcomagenesis, can transform NIH3T3 and C3H10T1/2 cells, and is necessary for proliferation and tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells, suggesting that EWS-FLI-1 is the causative oncoprotein. Here we report that EWS-FLI-1 induces the expression of pappalysin-1 (PAPPA), a cell surface protease that degrades IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and increases the bioavailability of IGF. EWS-FLI-1 binds to the pappalysin-1 gene promoter and stimulates the expression of pappalysin-1, leading to degradation of IGFBPs and enhanced IGF signaling. Silencing of pappalysin-1 strongly inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth as well as xenograft tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells. These results suggest that EWS-FLI-1 creates a cell surface microenvironment conducive to IGF signaling by inducing pappalysin-1, which emerged as a novel target to inhibit IGF signaling in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Jayabal
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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81
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Protein kinase C α enhances migration of breast cancer cells through FOXC2-mediated repression of p120-catenin. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:832. [PMID: 29216867 PMCID: PMC5719564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, metastasis remains the main cause of death. Since migration of tumor cells is considered a prerequisite for tumor cell invasion and metastasis, a pressing goal in tumor biology has been to elucidate factors regulating their migratory activity. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a serine-threonine protein kinase implicated in cancer metastasis and associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In this study, we set out to define the signaling axis mediated by PKCα to promote breast cancer cell migration. Methods Oncomine™ overexpression analysis was used to probe for PRKCA (PKCα) and FOXC2 expression in mRNA datasets. The heat map of PRKCA, FOXC2, and CTNND1 were obtained from the UC Santa Cruz platform. Survival data were obtained by PROGgene and available at http://www.compbio.iupui.edu/proggene. Markers for EMT and adherens junction were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Effects of PKCα and FOXC2 on migration and invasion were assessed in vitro by transwell migration and invasion assays respectively. Cellular localization of E-cadherin and p120-catenin was determined by immunofluorescent staining. Promoter activity of p120-catenin was determined by dual luciferase assay using a previously validated p120-catenin reporter construct. Interaction between FOXC2 and p120-catenin promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results We determined that PKCα expression is necessary to maintain the migratory and invasive phenotype of both endocrine resistant and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. FOXC2 acts as a transcriptional repressor downstream of PKCα, and represses p120-catenin expression. Consequently, loss of p120-catenin leads to destabilization of E-cadherin at the adherens junction. Inhibition of either PKCα or FOXC2 is sufficient to rescue p120-catenin expression and trigger relocalization of p120-catenin and E-cadherin to the cell membrane, resulting in reduced tumor cell migration and invasion. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that breast cancer metastasis may partially be controlled through PKCα/FOXC2-dependent repression of p120-catenin and highlight the potential for PKCα signal transduction networks to be targeted for the treatment of endocrine resistant and triple negative breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3827-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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82
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Giacomazzi G, Holvoet B, Trenson S, Caluwé E, Kravic B, Grosemans H, Cortés-Calabuig Á, Deroose CM, Huylebroeck D, Hashemolhosseini S, Janssens S, McNally E, Quattrocelli M, Sampaolesi M. MicroRNAs promote skeletal muscle differentiation of mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1249. [PMID: 29093487 PMCID: PMC5665910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are often characterized by impairment of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Regenerative strategies for both compartments therefore constitute a therapeutic avenue. Mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitors (MiPs) can regenerate both striated muscle types simultaneously in mice. Importantly, MiP myogenic propensity is influenced by somatic lineage retention. However, it is still unknown whether human MiPs have in vivo potential. Furthermore, methods to enhance the intrinsic myogenic properties of MiPs are likely needed, given the scope and need to correct large amounts of muscle in the MDs. Here, we document that human MiPs can successfully engraft into the skeletal muscle and hearts of dystrophic mice. Utilizing non-invasive live imaging and selectively induced apoptosis, we report evidence of striated muscle regeneration in vivo in mice by human MiPs. Finally, combining RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data, we define miRNA cocktails that promote the myogenic potential of human MiPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giacomazzi
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Caluwé
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe M Deroose
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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83
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Analysis of Protein-DNA Interaction by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and DNA Tiling Microarray (ChIP-on-chip). Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29027163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7380-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) has become the most effective and widely used tool to study the interactions between specific proteins or modified forms of proteins and a genomic DNA region. Combined with genome-wide profiling technologies, such as microarray hybridization (ChIP-on-chip) or massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq), ChIP could provide a genome-wide mapping of in vivo protein-DNA interactions in various organisms. Here, we describe a protocol of ChIP-on-chip that uses tiling microarray to obtain a genome-wide profiling of ChIPed DNA.
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84
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Quattrocelli M, Capote J, Ohiri JC, Warner JL, Vo AH, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Demonbreun AR, Spencer MJ, McNally EM. Genetic modifiers of muscular dystrophy act on sarcolemmal resealing and recovery from injury. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007070. [PMID: 29065150 PMCID: PMC5669489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disruption of the dystrophin complex produces muscular dystrophy characterized by a fragile muscle plasma membrane leading to excessive muscle degeneration. Two genetic modifiers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy implicate the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, osteopontin encoded by the SPP1 gene and latent TGFβ binding protein 4 (LTBP4). We now evaluated the functional effect of these modifiers in the context of muscle injury and repair to elucidate their mechanisms of action. We found that excess osteopontin exacerbated sarcolemmal injury, and correspondingly, that loss of osteopontin reduced injury extent both in isolated myofibers and in muscle in vivo. We found that ablation of osteopontin was associated with reduced expression of TGFβ and TGFβ-associated pathways. We identified that increased TGFβ resulted in reduced expression of Anxa1 and Anxa6, genes encoding key components of the muscle sarcolemma resealing process. Genetic manipulation of Ltbp4 in dystrophic muscle also directly modulated sarcolemmal resealing, and Ltbp4 alleles acted in concert with Anxa6, a distinct modifier of muscular dystrophy. These data provide a model in which a feed forward loop of TGFβ and osteopontin directly impacts the capacity of muscle to recover from injury, and identifies an intersection of genetic modifiers on muscular dystrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A1/genetics
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Annexin A6/genetics
- Annexin A6/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Modifier
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Sarcolemma/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna Capote
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce C. Ohiri
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James L. Warner
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andy H. Vo
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judy U. Earley
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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85
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Dey I, Bradbury NA. Activation of TPA-response element present in human Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 ( lmtk2) gene increases its expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:140-150. [PMID: 29090275 PMCID: PMC5645172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory elements present in the promoter of a gene drive the expression of the gene in response to various stimuli. Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 (LMTK2) is a membrane-anchored Serine/Threonine kinase involved in endosomal protein trafficking and androgen signaling amongst other processes. Previous studies have shown this protein to be of therapeutic importance in cystic fibrosis and prostate cancer. However, nothing is known about the endogenous expression of this protein and its regulation. In this study, we analyzed the gene encoding human LMTK2, to look for possible regulatory elements that could affect its expression. Interestingly, the human lmtk2 gene contains a consensus TPA (12- O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-responsive element (TRE) in the region preceding its start codon. The element with the sequence TGAGTCA modulates LMTK2 expression in response to treatment with TPA, a synthetic Protein Kinase C (PKC) activator. It serves as the binding site for c-Fos, a member of the Activator Protein −1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, which is transactivated by PKC. We observed that TPA, at low concentrations, increases the promoter activity of LMTK2, which leads to a subsequent increase in the mRNA transcript and protein levels. This modulation occurs through binding of the AP-1 transcription factor complex to the lmtk2 promoter. Thus, our current study has established LMTK2 as a TPA-responsive element-containing gene, which is upregulated downstream of PKC activation. Considering the involvement of LMTK2 in intracellular processes as well as pathological conditions, our findings demonstrate a way to modulate intracellular LMTK2 levels pharmacologically for potentially therapeutic purposes. The promoter for the lmtk2 gene bears a TPA response element. PKC activation increases the expression of both LMTK2 mRNA and protein. AP-1 transcription complexes mediate PKC regulation of the lmtk2 gene. Pharmacological manipulation of LMTK2 expression has potential clinical merit.
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Key Words
- 4α-TPA, 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate
- ACD, Actinomycin D
- AP-1 complex
- AP-1, Activator Protein – 1
- Chx, Cycloheximide
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
- LMTK2
- LMTK2, Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2
- PKC activation
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- Phorbol ester
- Promoter
- SEAP, Secretory Alkaline Phosphatase
- TPA, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- TPA-responsive element
- TRE, TPA-response element
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Dey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago IL, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago IL, USA
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86
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Wei Y, Gokhale RH, Sonnenschein A, Montgomery KM, Ingersoll A, Arnosti DN. Complex cis-regulatory landscape of the insulin receptor gene underlies the broad expression of a central signaling regulator. Development 2017; 143:3591-3603. [PMID: 27702787 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays key roles in development, growth and metabolism through dynamic control of glucose uptake, global protein translation and transcriptional regulation. Altered levels of insulin signaling are known to play key roles in development and disease, yet the molecular basis of such differential signaling remains obscure. Expression of the insulin receptor (InR) gene itself appears to play an important role, but the nature of the molecular wiring controlling InR transcription has not been elucidated. We characterized the regulatory elements driving Drosophila InR expression and found that the generally broad expression of this gene is belied by complex individual switch elements, the dynamic regulation of which reflects direct and indirect contributions of FOXO, EcR, Rbf and additional transcription factors through redundant elements dispersed throughout ∼40 kb of non-coding regions. The control of InR transcription in response to nutritional and tissue-specific inputs represents an integration of multiple cis-regulatory elements, the structure and function of which may have been sculpted by evolutionary selection to provide a highly tailored set of signaling responses on developmental and tissue-specific levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rewatee H Gokhale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anne Sonnenschein
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kelly Mone't Montgomery
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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87
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Kundu S, Ji F, Sunwoo H, Jain G, Lee JT, Sadreyev RI, Dekker J, Kingston RE. Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 Generates Discrete Compacted Domains that Change during Differentiation. Mol Cell 2017; 65:432-446.e5. [PMID: 28157505 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Master regulatory genes require stable silencing by the polycomb group (PcG) to prevent misexpression during differentiation and development. Some PcG proteins covalently modify histones, which contributes to heritable repression. The role for other effects on chromatin structure is less understood. We characterized the organization of PcG target genes in ESCs and neural progenitors using 5C and super-resolution microscopy. The genomic loci of repressed PcG targets formed discrete, small (20-140 Kb) domains of tight interaction that corresponded to locations bound by canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). These domains changed during differentiation as PRC1 binding changed. Their formation depended upon the Polyhomeotic component of canonical PRC1 and occurred independently of PRC1-catalyzed ubiquitylation. PRC1 domains differ from topologically associating domains in size and boundary characteristics. These domains have the potential to play a key role in transmitting epigenetic silencing of PcG targets by linking PRC1 to formation of a repressive higher-order structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Kundu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongjae Sunwoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeannie T Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert E Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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88
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Martinelli P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Cox T, Sainz B, Dusetti N, Greenhalf W, Rinaldi L, Costello E, Ghaneh P, Malats N, Büchler M, Pajic M, Biankin AV, Iovanna J, Neoptolemos J, Real FX. GATA6 regulates EMT and tumour dissemination, and is a marker of response to adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1665-1676. [PMID: 27325420 PMCID: PMC5070637 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of GATA factors in cancer has gained increasing attention recently, but the function of GATA6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is controversial. GATA6 is amplified in a subset of tumours and was proposed to be oncogenic, but high GATA6 levels are found in well-differentiated tumours and are associated with better patient outcome. By contrast, a tumour-suppressive function of GATA6 was demonstrated using genetic mouse models. We aimed at clarifying GATA6 function in PDAC. DESIGN We combined GATA6 silencing and overexpression in PDAC cell lines with GATA6 ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data, in order to understand the mechanism of GATA6 functions. We then confirmed some of our observations in primary patient samples, some of which were included in the ESPAC-3 randomised clinical trial for adjuvant therapy. RESULTS GATA6 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and cell dissemination in vivo. GATA6 has a unique proepithelial and antimesenchymal function, and its transcriptional regulation is direct and implies, indirectly, the regulation of other transcription factors involved in EMT. GATA6 is lost in tumours, in association with altered differentiation and the acquisition of a basal-like molecular phenotype, consistent with an epithelial-to-epithelial (ET2) transition. Patients with basal-like GATA6low tumours have a shorter survival and have a distinctly poor response to adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin. However, modulation of GATA6 expression in cultured cells does not directly regulate response to 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS We provide mechanistic insight into GATA6 tumour-suppressive function, its role as a regulator of canonical epithelial differentiation, and propose that loss of GATA6 expression is both prognostic and predictive of response to adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Martinelli
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Trevor Cox
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eithne Costello
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Büchler
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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89
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Rabbani B, Nakaoka H, Akhondzadeh S, Tekin M, Mahdieh N. Next generation sequencing: implications in personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1818-30. [PMID: 27066891 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A breakthrough in next generation sequencing (NGS) in the last decade provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate genetic variations in humans and their roles in health and disease. NGS offers regional genomic sequencing such as whole exome sequencing of coding regions of all genes, as well as whole genome sequencing. RNA-seq offers sequencing of the entire transcriptome and ChIP-seq allows for sequencing the epigenetic architecture of the genome. Identifying genetic variations in individuals can be used to predict disease risk, with the potential to halt or retard disease progression. NGS can also be used to predict the response to or adverse effects of drugs or to calculate appropriate drug dosage. Such a personalized medicine also provides the possibility to treat diseases based on the genetic makeup of the patient. Here, we review the basics of NGS technologies and their application in human diseases to foster human healthcare and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Rabbani
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh-Vali asr Intersection, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh-Vali asr Intersection, Tehran, Iran.
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90
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Vélez-Cruz R, Manickavinayaham S, Biswas AK, Clary RW, Premkumar T, Cole F, Johnson DG. RB localizes to DNA double-strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of BRG1. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2500-2512. [PMID: 27940962 PMCID: PMC5159665 DOI: 10.1101/gad.288282.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is recognized as a master regulator that controls entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Its loss leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and is a hallmark of cancer. RB works by binding to members of the E2F family of transcription factors and recruiting chromatin modifiers to the promoters of E2F target genes. Here we show that RB also localizes to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) dependent on E2F1 and ATM kinase activity and promotes DSB repair through homologous recombination (HR), and its loss results in genome instability. RB is necessary for the recruitment of the BRG1 ATPase to DSBs, which stimulates DNA end resection and HR. A knock-in mutation of the ATM phosphorylation site on E2F1 (S29A) prevents the interaction between E2F1 and TopBP1 and recruitment of RB, E2F1, and BRG1 to DSBs. This knock-in mutation also impairs DNA repair, increases genomic instability, and renders mice hypersensitive to IR. Importantly, depletion of RB in osteosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines results in sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs, which is further exacerbated by poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We uncovered a novel, nontranscriptional function for RB in HR, which could contribute to genome instability associated with RB loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Swarnalatha Manickavinayaham
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Anup K Biswas
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Regina Weaks Clary
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Tolkappiyan Premkumar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Francesca Cole
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - David G Johnson
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
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91
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Hossain MS, Oomura Y, Katafuchi T. Glucose Can Epigenetically Alter the Gene Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in the Murine Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3408-3425. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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92
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Quattrocelli M, Barefield DY, Warner JL, Vo AH, Hadhazy M, Earley JU, Demonbreun AR, McNally EM. Intermittent glucocorticoid steroid dosing enhances muscle repair without eliciting muscle atrophy. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2418-2432. [PMID: 28481224 DOI: 10.1172/jci91445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid steroids such as prednisone are prescribed for chronic muscle conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where their use is associated with prolonged ambulation. The positive effects of chronic steroid treatment in muscular dystrophy are paradoxical because these steroids are also known to trigger muscle atrophy. Chronic steroid use usually involves once-daily dosing, although weekly dosing in children has been suggested for its reduced side effects on behavior. In this work, we tested steroid dosing in mice and found that a single pulse of glucocorticoid steroids improved sarcolemmal repair through increased expression of annexins A1 and A6, which mediate myofiber repair. This increased expression was dependent on glucocorticoid response elements upstream of annexins and was reinforced by the expression of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). We compared weekly versus daily steroid treatment in mouse models of acute muscle injury and in muscular dystrophy and determined that both regimens provided comparable benefits in terms of annexin gene expression and muscle repair. However, daily dosing activated atrophic pathways, including F-box protein 32 (Fbxo32), which encodes atrogin-1. Conversely, weekly steroid treatment in mdx mice improved muscle function and histopathology and concomitantly induced the ergogenic transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15 (Klf15) while decreasing Fbxo32. These findings suggest that intermittent, rather than daily, glucocorticoid steroid regimen promotes sarcolemmal repair and muscle recovery from injury while limiting atrophic remodeling.
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93
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McCullough SD, On DM, Bowers EC. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Toxicology: A Step-by-Step Guide to Increasing Efficiency, Reducing Variability, and Expanding Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:3.14.1-3.14.28. [PMID: 28463415 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications work in concert with DNA methylation to regulate cellular structure, function, and response to environmental stimuli. More than 130 unique histone modifications have been described to date, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) allows for the exploration of their associations with the regulatory regions of target genes and other DNA/chromatin-associated proteins across the genome. Many variations of ChIP have been developed in the 30 years since its earliest version came into use, which makes it challenging for users to integrate the procedure into their research programs. Furthermore, the differences in ChIP protocols can confound efforts to increase reproducibility across studies. The streamlined ChIP procedure presented here can be readily applied to samples from a wide range of in vitro studies (cell lines and primary cells) and clinical samples (peripheral leukocytes) in toxicology. We also provide detailed guidance on the optimization of critical protocol parameters, such as chromatin fixation, fragmentation, and immunoprecipitation, to increase efficiency and improve reproducibility. Expanding toxicoepigenetic studies to more readily include histone modifications will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the epigenome in environmental exposure effects and the integration of epigenetic data in mechanistic toxicology, adverse outcome pathways, and risk assessment. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Doan M On
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emma C Bowers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Hannemann N, Jordan J, Paul S, Reid S, Baenkler HW, Sonnewald S, Bäuerle T, Vera J, Schett G, Bozec A. The AP-1 Transcription Factor c-Jun Promotes Arthritis by Regulating Cyclooxygenase-2 and Arginase-1 Expression in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3605-3614. [PMID: 28298526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of proinflammatory macrophages is associated with the inflammatory state of rheumatoid arthritis. Their polarization and activation are controlled by transcription factors such as NF-κB and the AP-1 transcription factor member c-Fos. Surprisingly, little is known about the role of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun in macrophage activation. In this study, we show that mRNA and protein levels of c-Jun are increased in macrophages following pro- or anti-inflammatory stimulations. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment cluster analyses of microarray data using wild-type and c-Jun-deleted macrophages highlight the central function of c-Jun in macrophages, in particular for immune responses, IL production, and hypoxia pathways. Mice deficient for c-Jun in macrophages show an amelioration of inflammation and bone destruction in the serum-induced arthritis model. In vivo and in vitro gene profiling, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of macrophages, revealed direct activation of the proinflammatory factor cyclooxygenase-2 and indirect inhibition of the anti-inflammatory factor arginase-1 by c-Jun. Thus, c-Jun regulates the activation state of macrophages and promotes arthritis via differentially regulating cyclooxygenase-2 and arginase-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hannemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sushmita Paul
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Stephen Reid
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Wolf Baenkler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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95
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Role of Litopenaeus vannamei Yin Yang 1 in the Regulation of the White Spot Syndrome Virus Immediate Early Gene ie1. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02314-16. [PMID: 28077637 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02314-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional zinc finger transcription factor that regulates many key cellular processes. In this study, we report the cloning of YY1 from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp (LvYY1). This study shows that LvYY1 is ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, and knockdown of LvYY1 expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected shrimp reduced both mRNA levels of the WSSV immediate early gene ie1 as well as overall copy numbers of the WSSV genome. The cumulative mortality rate of infected shrimp also declined with LvYY1 dsRNA injection. Using an insect cell model, we observed that LvYY1 activates ie1 expression, and a mutation introduced into the ie1 promoter subsequently repressed this capability. Moreover, reporter assay results suggested that LvYY1 is involved in basal transcriptional regulation via an interaction with L. vannamei TATA-binding protein (LvTBP). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) results further indicated that LvYY1 binds to a YY1-binding site in the region between positions -119 and -126 in the ie1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis also confirmed that LvYY1 binds to the ie1 promoter in WSSV-infected shrimp. Taken together, these results indicate that WSSV uses host LvYY1 to enhance ie1 expression via a YY1-binding site and the TATA box in the ie1 promoter, thereby facilitating lytic activation and viral replication.IMPORTANCE WSSV has long been a scourge of the shrimp industry and remains a serious global threat. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand how the interactions between WSSV and its host drive infection, lytic development, pathogenesis, and mortality. Our successful cloning of L. vannamei YY1 (LvYY1) led to the elucidation of a critical virus-host interaction between LvYY1 and the WSSV immediate early gene ie1 We observed that LvYY1 regulates ie1 expression via a consensus YY1-binding site and TATA box. LvYY1 was also found to interact with L. vannamei TATA-binding protein (LvTBP), which may have an effect on basal transcription. Knockdown of LvYY1 expression inhibited ie1 transcription and subsequently reduced viral DNA replication and decreased cumulative mortality rates of WSSV-infected shrimp. These findings are expected to contribute to future studies involving WSSV-host interactions.
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96
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Du Q, Huang Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen Y, Cui B, Li D, Zhao X, Zhang W, Chang L, Tong D. Porcine circovirus type 2 activates PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways to promote interleukin-10 production in macrophages via Cap interaction of gC1qR. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17492-507. [PMID: 26883107 PMCID: PMC4951228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection caused PCV2-associated diseases (PCVAD) is one of the major emerging immunosuppression diseases in pig industry. In this study, we investigated how PCV2 inoculation increases interleukin (IL)-10 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). PCV2 inoculation significantly upregulated IL-10 expression compared with PCV1. Upon initial PCV2 inoculation, PI3K/Akt cooperated with NF-κB pathways to promote IL-10 transcription via p50, CREB and Ap1 transcription factors, whereas inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation blocked Ap1 and CREB binding to the il10 promoter, and decreased the binding level of NF-κB1 p50 with il10 promoter, leading to great reduction in early IL-10 transcription. In the later phase of inoculation, PCV2 further activated p38 MAPK and ERK pathways to enhance IL-10 production by promoting Sp1 binding to the il10 promoter. For PCV2-induced IL-10 production in macrophages, PCV2 capsid protein Cap, but not the replicase Rep or ORF3, was the critical component. Cap activated PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways to enhance IL-10 expression. In the whole process, gC1qR mediated PCV2-induced PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK activation to enhance IL-10 induction by interaction with Cap. Depletion of gC1qR blocked PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK activation, resulting in significant decrease in IL-10 production in PCV2-inoculated cells. Thus, gC1qR might be a critical functional receptor for PCV2-induced IL-10 production. Taken together, these data demonstrated that Cap protein binding with host gC1qR induction of PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalings activation is a critical process in enhancing PCV2-induced IL-10 production in porcine alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Delong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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97
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Li C, He B, Huang C, Yang H, Cao L, Huang J, Hu C. Sex-Determining Region Y-box 2 Promotes Growth of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Directly Targets Cyclin D1. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:264-272. [PMID: 28151013 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is an oncogene known to be amplified and overexpressed in various human malignancies, including lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the role played by SOX2 in lung SCC development remains to be elucidated. We measured the levels of SOX2 and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression in lung SCC tissues and a lung SCC cell line, and found that both levels were dramatically upregulated in specimens of lung SCC tissue when compared with their expression levels in samples of adjacent nonneoplastic tissue. The lung SCC cell line also showed higher levels of SOX2 and cyclin D1 expression than a normal human bronchial epithelium cell line. After using RNA interference to knock down SOX2 expression in NCI-H520 lung SCC cells, their proliferation was reduced. Furthermore, overexpression of SOX2 promoted the proliferation of normal human bronchial epithelium cells. To further determine whether cyclin D1 was downstream target gene of SOX2, we measured the levels of cyclin D1 expression that occurred when SOX2 was knocked down or overexpressed. SOX2 knockdown significantly decreased the levels of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression, while SOX2 overexpression upregulated the levels of cyclin D1. We used bioinformatics data to identify potential cyclin D1 promoter binding sites for SOX2. Results of luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that cyclin D1 was a direct target of transcription factor SOX2 in human lung SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiguan Li
- 1 Department of Respiration, Chenzhou First People's Hospital , Chenzhou, China
| | - Bingwen He
- 1 Department of Respiration, Chenzhou First People's Hospital , Chenzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Huang
- 1 Department of Respiration, Chenzhou First People's Hospital , Chenzhou, China
| | - Huaping Yang
- 2 Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Liming Cao
- 2 Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Jun Huang
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- 2 Department of Respiration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
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98
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Read JE. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Assess Binding of a Protein of Interest to Identified Predicted Binding Sites Within a Promoter. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1651:23-32. [PMID: 28801897 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7223-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) has become a widely used methodology for assessment of protein/DNA interactions. The technique allows the analysis of direct binding of transcription factors to gene promoters, identification of histone modifications, and localization of DNA modifying enzymes. Antibodies conjugated to agarose beads can be utilized to immunoprecipitate specific proteins, cross-linked to sheared chromatin regions to which they are bound endogenously. With downstream applications including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), genome-wide sequencing (ChIP-seq), microarray analysis (ChIP-chip), and mass spectrometry (ChIP-MS), the technique enables comprehensive assessment of protein/DNA interactions. Here I describe ChIP, followed by qRT-PCR, to assess direct binding of a single protein to multiple predicted binding sites within a gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Read
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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99
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Kan SL, Saksouk N, Déjardin J. Proteome Characterization of a Chromatin Locus Using the Proteomics of Isolated Chromatin Segments Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1550:19-33. [PMID: 28188520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6747-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The biological functions of given genomic regions are ruled by the local chromatin composition. The Proteomics of Isolated Chromatin segments approach (PICh) is a powerful and unbiased method to analyze the composition of chosen chromatin segments, provided they are abundant (repeated) or that the organism studied has a small genome. PICh can be used to identify novel and unexpected regulatory factors, or when combined with quantitative mass spectrometric approaches, to characterize the function of a defined factor at the chosen locus, by quantifying composition changes at the locus upon removal/addition of that factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Kan
- INSERM AVENIR, Institute of Human Genetics CNRS UPR1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Nehmé Saksouk
- INSERM AVENIR, Institute of Human Genetics CNRS UPR1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Déjardin
- INSERM AVENIR, Institute of Human Genetics CNRS UPR1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34000, Montpellier, France.
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100
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Labade AS, Karmodiya K, Sengupta K. HOXA repression is mediated by nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:54. [PMID: 27980680 PMCID: PMC5135769 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nuclear transport of RNA and proteins into and out of the nucleus. Certain nucleoporins have additional functions in chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Nup93 is a scaffold nucleoporin at the nuclear pore complex which is associated with human chromosomes 5, 7 and 16 and with the promoters of the HOXA gene as revealed by ChIP-on-chip studies using tiling microarrays for these chromosomes. However, the functional consequences of the association of Nup93 with HOXA is unknown. Results Here, we examined the association of Nup93 with the HOXA gene cluster and its consequences on HOXA gene expression in diploid colorectal cancer cells (DLD1). Nup93 showed a specific enrichment ~1 Kb upstream of the transcription start site of each of the HOXA1, HOXA3 and HOXA5 promoters, respectively. Furthermore, the association of Nup93 with HOXA was assisted by its interacting partners Nup188 and Nup205. The depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex significantly upregulated HOXA gene expression levels. However, expression levels of a control gene locus (GLCCI1) on human chromosome 7 were unaffected. Three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) analyses revealed that the depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex (but not Nup98) disengages the HOXA gene locus from the nuclear periphery, suggesting a potential role for Nup93 in tethering and repressing the HOXA gene cluster. Consistently, Nup93 knockdown increased active histone marks (H3K9ac), decreased repressive histone marks (H3K27me3) on the HOXA1 promoter and increased transcription elongation marks (H3K36me3) within the HOXA1 gene. Moreover, the combined depletion of Nup93 and CTCF (a known organizer of HOXA gene cluster) but not Nup93 alone, significantly increased GLCCI1 gene expression levels. Taken together, this suggests a novel role for Nup93 and its interactors in repressing the HOXA gene cluster. Conclusions This study reveals that the nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205 mediates the repression of HOXA gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0106-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Labade
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Krishanpal Karmodiya
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
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