51
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Field enhancement of electronic conductance at ferroelectric domain walls. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1318. [PMID: 29105653 PMCID: PMC5673066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric domain walls have continued to attract widespread attention due to both the novelty of the phenomena observed and the ability to reliably pattern them in nanoscale dimensions. However, the conductivity mechanisms remain in debate, particularly around nominally uncharged walls. Here, we posit a conduction mechanism relying on field-modification effect from polarization re-orientation and the structure of the reverse-domain nucleus. Through conductive atomic force microscopy measurements on an ultra-thin (001) BiFeO3 thin film, in combination with phase-field simulations, we show that the field-induced twisted domain nucleus formed at domain walls results in local-field enhancement around the region of the atomic force microscope tip. In conjunction with slight barrier lowering, these two effects are sufficient to explain the observed emission current distribution. These results suggest that different electronic properties at domain walls are not necessary to observe localized enhancement in domain wall currents. Understanding the conductivity at the nominally uncharged domain walls in ferroelectrics is still far from complete. Here the authors report an enhanced conduction at domain walls in an ultra-thin (001) BiFeO3 film resulting from the formation of a field-induced meta-stable twisted domain nucleus.
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52
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Tian G, Chen D, Fan H, Li P, Fan Z, Qin M, Zeng M, Dai J, Gao X, Liu JM. Observation of Exotic Domain Structures in Ferroelectric Nanodot Arrays Fabricated via a Universal Nanopatterning Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37219-37226. [PMID: 28960060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile and cost-competitive nanopatterning route, using Ar ion beam etching through a monolayer polystyrene sphere (PS) array placed on a ferroelectric epitaxial thin film, to fabricate ordered ferroelectric nanodot arrays. Using this method, well-ordered BiFeO3 epitaxial nanodots, with tunable sizes from ∼100 to ∼900 nm in diameter, have been successfully synthesized. Interestingly, a plethora of exotic nanodomain structures, e.g., stripe domains, vortex and antivortex domains, and single domains, are observed in these nanodots. Moreover, this novel technique has been extended to produce Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanodots and multiferroic composite Co/BiFeO3 nanodots. These observations enable the creation of exotic domain structures and provide a wide range of application potentials for future nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peilian Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Qin
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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53
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Gou G, Charles N, Shi J, Rondinelli JM. A-Site Ordered Double Perovskite CaMnTi2O6 as a Multifunctional Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric–Photovoltaic Material. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11854-11861. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Gou
- Frontier Institute
of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical
Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nenian Charles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jing Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory
for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School
of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - James M. Rondinelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus
Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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54
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Lu Z, Li P, Wan JG, Huang Z, Tian G, Pan D, Fan Z, Gao X, Liu JM. Controllable Photovoltaic Effect of Microarray Derived from Epitaxial Tetragonal BiFeO 3 Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27284-27289. [PMID: 28745480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the ferroelectric photovoltaic (FePV) effect has attracted great interest due to its potential in developing optoelectronic devices such as solar cell and electric-optical sensors. It is important for actual applications to realize a controllable photovoltaic process in ferroelectric-based materials. In this work, we prepared well-ordered microarrays based on epitaxially tetragonal BiFeO3 (T-BFO) films by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The polarization-dependent photocurrent image was directly observed by a conductive atomic force microscope under ultraviolet illumination. By choosing a suitable buffer electrode layer and controlling the ferroelectric polarization in the T-BFO layer, we realized the manipulation of the photovoltaic process. Moreover, based on the analysis of the band structure, we revealed the mechanism of manipulating the photovoltaic process and attributed it to the competition between two key factors, i.e., the internal electric field caused by energy band alignments at interfaces and the depolarization field induced by the ferroelectric polarization in T-BFO. This work is very meaningful for deeply understanding the photovoltaic process of BiFeO3-based devices at the microscale and provides us a feasible avenue for developing data storage or logic switching microdevices based on the FePV effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxing Lu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peilian Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wan
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danfeng Pan
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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55
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Wang J, Huang H, He W, Zhang Q, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liang R, Wang C, Ma X, Gu L, Chen L, Nan CW, Zhang J. Nanoscale Bandgap Tuning across an Inhomogeneous Ferroelectric Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24704-24710. [PMID: 28686410 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report nanoscale bandgap engineering via a local strain across the inhomogeneous ferroelectric interface, which is controlled by the visible-light-excited probe voltage. Switchable photovoltaic effects and the spectral response of the photocurrent were explored to illustrate the reversible bandgap variation (∼0.3 eV). This local-strain-engineered bandgap has been further revealed by in situ probe-voltage-assisted valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Phase-field simulations and first-principle calculations were also employed for illustration of the large local strain and the bandgap variation in ferroelectric perovskite oxides. This reversible bandgap tuning in complex oxides demonstrates a framework for the understanding of the optically related behaviors (photovoltaic, photoemission, and photocatalyst effects) affected by order parameters such as charge, orbital, and lattice parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Wangqiang He
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Danni Yang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Renrong Liang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Chuanshou Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Xingqiao Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing, China
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56
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Heo Y, Hu S, Sharma P, Kim KE, Jang BK, Cazorla C, Yang CH, Seidel J. Impact of Isovalent and Aliovalent Doping on Mechanical Properties of Mixed Phase BiFeO 3. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2805-2813. [PMID: 28225589 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the effect of doping in morphotropic BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films on mechanical properties, revealing variations in the elasticity across the competing phases and their boundaries. Spectroscopic force-distance (F-D) curves and force mapping images by AFM are used to characterize the structure and elastic properties of three BFO thin-film candidates (pure-BFO, Ca-doped BFO, La-doped BFO). We show that softening behavior is observed in isovalent La-doped BFO, whereas hardening is seen in aliovalent Ca-doped BFO. Furthermore, quantitative F-D measurements are extended to show threshold strengths for phase transitions, revealing their dependence on doping in the system. First-principles simulation methods are also employed to understand the observed mechanical properties in pure and doped BFO thin films and to provide microscopic insight on them. These results provide key insight into doping as an effective control parameter to tune nanomechanical properties and suggest an alternative framework to control coupled ferroic functionalities at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooun Heo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Songbai Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Eun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kweon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Integrated Materials Design Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Physics and ∥Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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57
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Gu Z, Imbrenda D, Bennett-Jackson AL, Falmbigl M, Podpirka A, Parker TC, Shreiber D, Ivill MP, Fridkin VM, Spanier JE. Mesoscopic Free Path of Nonthermalized Photogenerated Carriers in a Ferroelectric Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:096601. [PMID: 28306282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.096601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show how finite-size scaling of a bulk photovoltaic effect-generated electric field in epitaxial ferroelectric insulating BaTiO_{3}(001) films and a photo-Hall response involving the bulk photovoltaic current reveal a large room-temperature mean free path of photogenerated nonthermalized electrons. Experimental determination of mesoscopic ballistic optically generated carrier transport opens a new paradigm for hot electron-based solar energy conversion, and for facile control of ballistic transport distinct from existing low-dimensional semiconductor interfaces, surfaces, layers, or other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongquan Gu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dominic Imbrenda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew L Bennett-Jackson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthias Falmbigl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Adrian Podpirka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Thomas C Parker
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Daniel Shreiber
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Mathew P Ivill
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Vladimir M Fridkin
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 59, Moscow 117333, Russian Federation
| | - Jonathan E Spanier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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58
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Yang MM, Bhatnagar A, Luo ZD, Alexe M. Enhancement of Local Photovoltaic Current at Ferroelectric Domain Walls in BiFeO 3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43070. [PMID: 28216672 PMCID: PMC5380211 DOI: 10.1038/srep43070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Domain walls, which are intrinsically two dimensional nano-objects exhibiting nontrivial electronic and magnetic behaviours, have been proven to play a crucial role in photovoltaic properties of ferroelectrics. Despite this recognition, the electronic properties of domain walls under illumination until now have been accessible only to macroscopic studies and their effects upon the conduction of photovoltaic current still remain elusive. The lack of understanding hinders the developing of nanoscale devices based on ferroelectric domain walls. Here, we directly characterize the local photovoltaic and photoconductive properties of 71° domain walls on BiFeO3 thin films with a nanoscale resolution. Local photovoltaic current, proven to be driven by the bulk photovoltaic effect, has been probed over the whole illuminated surface by using a specially designed photoelectric atomic force microscopy and found to be significantly enhanced at domain walls. Additionally, spatially resolved photoconductive current distribution reveals a higher density of excited carriers at domain walls in comparison with domains. Our measurements demonstrate that domain wall enhanced photovoltaic current originates from its high conduction rather than the internal electric field. This photoconduction facilitated local photovoltaic current is likely to be a universal property of topological defects in ferroelectric semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Akash Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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59
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Wang L, Ma H, Chang L, Ma C, Yuan G, Wang J, Wu T. Ferroelectric BiFeO 3 as an Oxide Dye in Highly Tunable Mesoporous All-Oxide Photovoltaic Heterojunctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602355. [PMID: 27706914 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As potential photovoltaic materials, transition-metal oxides such as BiFeO3 (BFO) are capable of absorbing a substantial portion of solar light and incorporating ferroic orders into solar cells with enhanced performance. But the photovoltaic application of BFO has been hindered by low energy-conversion efficiency due to poor carrier transport and collection. In this work, a new approach of utilizing BFO as a light-absorbing sensitizer is developed to interface with charge-transporting TiO2 nanoparticles. This mesoporous all-oxide architecture, similar to that of dye-sensitized solar cells, can effectively facilitate the extraction of photocarriers. Under the standard AM1.5 (100 mW cm-2 ) irradiation, the optimized cell shows an open-circuit voltage of 0.67 V, which can be enhanced to 1.0 V by tailoring the bias history. A fill factor of 55% is achieved, which is much higher than those in previous reports on BFO-based photovoltaic devices. The results provide here a new viable approach toward developing highly tunable and stable photovoltaic devices based on ferroelectric transition-metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - He Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Chun Ma
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Junling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Tom Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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60
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Ge C, Jin KJ, Zhang QH, Du JY, Gu L, Guo HZ, Yang JT, Gu JX, He M, Xing J, Wang C, Lu HB, Yang GZ. Toward Switchable Photovoltaic Effect via Tailoring Mobile Oxygen Vacancies in Perovskite Oxide Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34590-34597. [PMID: 27936535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The defect chemistry of perovskite oxides involves the cause to most of their abundant functional properties, including interface magnetism, charge transport, ionic exchange, and catalytic activity. The possibility to achieve dynamic control over oxygen anion vacancies offers a unique opportunity for the development of appealing switchable devices, which at present are commonly based on ferroelectric materials. Herein, we report the discovery of a switchable photovoltaic effect, that the sign of the open voltage and the short circuit current can be reversed by inverting the polarity of the applied field, upon electrically tailoring the distribution of oxygen vacancies in perovskite oxide films. This phenomenon is demonstrated in lateral photovoltaic devices based on both ferroelectric BiFeO3 and paraelectric SrTiO3 films, under a reversed applied field whose magnitude is much smaller than the coercivity value of BiFeO3. The migration of oxygen vacancies was directly observed by employing an advanced annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy technique with in situ biasing equipment. We conclude that the band bending induced by the motion of oxygen vacancies is the driving force for the reversible switching between two photovoltaic states. The present work can provide an active path for the design of novel switchable photovoltaic devices with a wide range of transition metal oxides in terms of the ionic degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ge
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kui-Juan Jin
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Yu Du
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Guo
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing-Ting Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Xing Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui-Bin Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100190, China
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61
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Chung HC, Chang CP, Lin CY, Lin MF. Electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in external fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7573-616. [PMID: 26744847 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A review work is done for the electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in magnetic, electric, composite, and modulated fields. Effects due to the lateral confinement, curvature, stacking, non-uniform subsystems and hybrid structures are taken into account. The special electronic properties, induced by complex competitions between external fields and geometric structures, include many one-dimensional parabolic subbands, standing waves, peculiar edge-localized states, width- and field-dependent energy gaps, magnetic-quantized quasi-Landau levels, curvature-induced oscillating Landau subbands, crossings and anti-crossings of quasi-Landau levels, coexistence and combination of energy spectra in layered structures, and various peak structures in the density of states. There exist diverse absorption spectra and different selection rules, covering edge-dependent selection rules, magneto-optical selection rule, splitting of the Landau absorption peaks, intragroup and intergroup Landau transitions, as well as coexistence of monolayer-like and bilayer-like Landau absorption spectra. Detailed comparisons are made between the theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The predicted results, the parabolic subbands, edge-localized states, gap opening and modulation, and spatial distribution of Landau subbands, have been identified by various experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ching Chung
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Peng Chang
- Center for General Education, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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62
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Sharma P, Heo Y, Jang BK, Liu YY, Li JY, Yang CH, Seidel J. Structural and electronic transformation pathways in morphotropic BiFeO3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32347. [PMID: 27581222 PMCID: PMC5007483 DOI: 10.1038/srep32347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase boundaries in multiferroics, in which (anti-)ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and ferroelastic order parameters coexist, enable manipulation of magnetism and electronic properties by external electric fields through switching of the polarization in the material. It has been shown that the strain-driven morphotropic phase boundaries in a single-phase multiferroic such as BiFeO3 (BFO) can exhibit distinct electronic conductivity. However, the control of ferroelectric and phase switching and its correlation with phase boundary conductivity in this material has been a significant challenge. Supported by a thermodynamic approach, here we report a concept to precisely control different switching pathways and the associated control of electronic conductivity in mixed phase BFO. This work demonstrates a critical step to control and use non-volatile strain-conductivity coupling at the nanoscale. Beyond this observation, it provides a framework for exploring a route to control multiple order parameters coupled to ferroelastic and ferroelectric order in multiferroic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Y Heo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - B-K Jang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - J Y Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2600, USA
| | - C-H Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.,Institute for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - J Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Paillard C, Bai X, Infante IC, Guennou M, Geneste G, Alexe M, Kreisel J, Dkhil B. Photovoltaics with Ferroelectrics: Current Status and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5153-5168. [PMID: 27135419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics carry a switchable spontaneous electric polarization. This polarization is usually coupled to strain, making ferroelectrics good piezoelectrics. When coupled to magnetism, they become so-called multiferroic systems, a field that has been widely investigated since 2003. While ferroelectrics are birefringent and non-linear optically transparent materials, the coupling of polarization with optical properties has received, since 2009, renewed attention, triggered notably by low-bandgap ferroelectrics suitable for sunlight spectrum absorption and original photovoltaic effects. Consequently, power conversion efficiencies up to 8.1% were recently achieved and values of 19.5% were predicted, making photoferroelectrics promising photovoltaic alternatives. This article aims at providing an up-to-date review on this emerging and rapidly progressing field by highlighting several important issues and parameters, such as the role of domain walls, ways to tune the bandgap, consequences arising from the polarization switchability, and the role of defects and contact electrodes, as well as the downscaling effects. Beyond photovoltaicity, other polarization-related processes are also described, like light-induced deformation (photostriction) or light-assisted chemical reaction (photostriction). It is hoped that this overview will encourage further avenues to be explored and challenged and, as a byproduct, will inspire other research communities in material science, e.g., so-called hybrid halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Paillard
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-UMR 8580, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-UMR 8580, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Ingrid C Infante
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-UMR 8580, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maël Guennou
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV, 47AL, UK
| | - Jens Kreisel
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Brahim Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-UMR 8580, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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64
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Li P, Dong X, Gao Y, Ren L, Jin K. Photocarrier transport and dynamics in mixed-phase BiFeO 3 films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:9119-9129. [PMID: 27137339 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a remarkable photoinduced relaxation process and its dependence of thickness and temperature in mixed-phase BiFeO3 films grown on (001) LaAlO3 substrates. When the films are illuminated by the light above the bandgap, their resistances are reduced with the increase of temperature. The photoinduced change of resistance reaches to the maximum of about 2.17 × 105% at 300 K. It is noted that the relaxation processes of the resistance are significantly different between T-like phase and T-R mixed phase due to structural strain, symmetry breaking and built-in electric field at the phase boundaries. These results provide more insights into intrinsic mechanisms of mixed-phase multiferroic materials and potential applications in all-oxide photoelectric devices.
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65
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Ye HY, Liao WQ, Hu CL, Zhang Y, You YM, Mao JG, Li PF, Xiong RG. Bandgap Engineering of Lead-Halide Perovskite-Type Ferroelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2579-2586. [PMID: 26833877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting ferroelectricity is realized in hybrid perovskite-type compounds (cyclohexylammonium)2 PbBr4-4 x I4 x (x = 0-1). By adjusting the composition x, the bandgap is successfully tuned from previously reported 3.65 eV to as low as 2.74 eV, and the excellent ferroelectricity was kept intact. This finding may contribute to improving the photoelectronic and/or photovoltaic performance of hybrid perovskite-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yun Ye
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Li Hu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Gao Mao
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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66
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Sherkar TS, Jan Anton Koster L. Can ferroelectric polarization explain the high performance of hybrid halide perovskite solar cells? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:331-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07117h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferroelectricity can lead to creation of channels for efficient transport, however it is unlikely to explain the high open-circuit voltage (VOC), typical of high performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S. Sherkar
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - L. Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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67
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Buhot J, Toulouse C, Gallais Y, Sacuto A, de Sousa R, Wang D, Bellaiche L, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Forget A, Colson D, Cazayous M, Measson MA. Driving Spin Excitations by Hydrostatic Pressure in BiFeO(3). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:267204. [PMID: 26765020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopy has been combined with computational and theoretical techniques to show how the spin dynamics in the model multiferroic BiFeO(3) responds to the application of hydrostatic pressure and its corresponding series of structural phase transitions from R3c to the Pnma phases. As pressure increases, multiple spin excitations associated with noncollinear cycloidal magnetism collapse into two excitations, which show jump discontinuities at some of the ensuing crystal phase transitions. The effective Hamiltonian approach provides information on the electrical polarization and structural changes of the oxygen octahedra through the successive structural phases. The extracted parameters are then used in a Ginzburg-Landau model to reproduce the evolution with pressure of the spin wave excitations observed at low energy, and we demonstrate that the structural phases and the magnetic anisotropy drive and control the spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buhot
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Toulouse
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y Gallais
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Sacuto
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - R de Sousa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - D Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory-Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, F-91767 Palaiseau, France et Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, F-91767 Palaiseau, France et Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Forget
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Colson
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M-A Measson
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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68
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Chu K, Jang BK, Sung JH, Shin YA, Lee ES, Song K, Lee JH, Woo CS, Kim SJ, Choi SY, Koo TY, Kim YH, Oh SH, Jo MH, Yang CH. Enhancement of the anisotropic photocurrent in ferroelectric oxides by strain gradients. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:972-979. [PMID: 26322941 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phase separation of multiple competing structural/ferroelectric phases has attracted particular attention owing to its excellent electromechanical properties. Little is known, however, about the strain-gradient-induced electronic phenomena at the interface of competing structural phases. Here, we investigate the polymorphic phase interface of bismuth ferrites using spatially resolved photocurrent measurements, present the observation of a large enhancement of the anisotropic interfacial photocurrent by two orders of magnitude, and discuss the possible mechanism on the basis of the flexoelectric effect. Nanoscale characterizations of the photosensitive area through position-sensitive angle-resolved piezoresponse force microscopy and electron holography techniques, in conjunction with phase field simulation, reveal that regularly ordered dipole-charged domain walls emerge. These findings offer practical implications for complex oxide optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyun Chu
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kweon Jang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low-Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sup Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Woo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Modeling and Characterization, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 642-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeong Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low-Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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69
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Inoue R, Ishikawa S, Imura R, Kitanaka Y, Oguchi T, Noguchi Y, Miyayama M. Giant photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric domain walls in perovskite single crystals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14741. [PMID: 26443381 PMCID: PMC4595799 DOI: 10.1038/srep14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) effect in polar materials offers great potential for light-energy conversion that generates a voltage beyond the bandgap limit of present semiconductor-based solar cells. Ferroelectrics have received renewed attention because of the ability to deliver a high voltage in the presence of ferroelastic domain walls (DWs). In recent years, there has been considerable debate over the impact of the DWs on the PV effects, owing to lack of information on the bulk PV tensor of host ferroelectrics. In this article, we provide the first direct evidence of an unusually large PV response induced by ferroelastic DWs-termed 'DW'-PV effect. The precise estimation of the bulk PV tensor in single crystals of barium titanate enables us to quantify the giant PV effect driven by 90° DWs. We show that the DW-PV effect arises from an effective electric field consisting of a potential step and a local PV component in the 90° DW region. This work offers a starting point for further investigation into the DW-PV effect of alternative systems and opens a reliable route for enhancing the PV properties in ferroelectrics based on the engineering of domain structures in either bulk or thin-film form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Inoue
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ishikawa
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ryota Imura
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kitanaka
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oguchi
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yuji Noguchi
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyayama
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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70
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Laurenti M, Canavese G, Sacco A, Fontana M, Bejtka K, Castellino M, Pirri CF, Cauda V. Nanobranched ZnO Structure: p-Type Doping Induces Piezoelectric Voltage Generation and Ferroelectric-Photovoltaic Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4218-4223. [PMID: 26074336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Laurenti
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Sacco
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Fontana
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bejtka
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
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71
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Brittman S, Adhyaksa GWP, Garnett EC. The expanding world of hybrid perovskites: materials properties and emerging applications. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2015; 5:7-26. [PMID: 26366326 PMCID: PMC4563667 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic–organic perovskites have emerged over the last 5 years as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. Most notably, their solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies above 20% in an unprecedented timeframe; however, many fundamental questions still remain about these materials. This Prospective Article reviews the procedures used to deposit hybrid perovskites and describes the resulting crystallographic and morphological structures. It further details the electrical and optical properties of perovskites and then concludes by highlighting a number of potential applications and the materials challenges that must be overcome before they can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brittman
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Christian Garnett
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Erik Christian Garnett at
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72
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Fei L, Hu Y, Li X, Song R, Sun L, Huang H, Gu H, Chan HLW, Wang Y. Electrospun bismuth ferrite nanofibers for potential applications in ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3665-3670. [PMID: 25622097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanofibers were synthesized via a sol-gel-based electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment. The influences of processing conditions on the final structure of the samples were investigated. Nanofibers prepared under optimized conditions were found to have a perovskite structure with good quality of crystallization and free of impurity phase. Ferroelectric and piezoelectric responses were obtained from individual nanofiber measured on a piezoelectric force microscope. A prototype photovoltaic device using laterally aligned BFO nanofibers and interdigital electrodes was developed and its performance was examined on a standard photovoltaic system. The BFO nanofibers were found to exhibit an excellent ferroelectric photovoltaic property with the photocurrent several times larger than the literature data obtained on BFO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Fei
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong SAR, China
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73
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Chatterjee S, Bera A, Pal AJ. p-i-n heterojunctions with BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles and p- and n-type oxides: photovoltaic properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20479-20486. [PMID: 25350523 DOI: 10.1021/am506066m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We formed p-i-n heterojunctions based on a thin film of BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The perovskite acting as an intrinsic semiconductor was sandwiched between a p-type and an n-type oxide semiconductor as hole- and electron-collecting layer, respectively, making the heterojunction act as an all-inorganic oxide p-i-n device. We have characterized the perovskite and carrier collecting materials, such as NiO and MoO3 nanoparticles as p-type materials and ZnO nanoparticles as the n-type material, with scanning tunneling spectroscopy; from the spectrum of the density of states, we could locate the band edges to infer the nature of the active semiconductor materials. The energy level diagram of p-i-n heterojunctions showed that type-II band alignment formed at the p-i and i-n interfaces, favoring carrier separation at both of them. We have compared the photovoltaic properties of the perovskite in p-i-n heterojunctions and also in p-i and i-n junctions. From current-voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy, we have observed that two depletion regions were formed at the p-i and i-n interfaces of a p-i-n heterojunction. The two depletion regions operative at p-i-n heterojunctions have yielded better photovoltaic properties as compared to devices having one depletion region in the p-i or the i-n junction. The results evidenced photovoltaic devices based on all-inorganic oxide, nontoxic, and perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyo Chatterjee
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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74
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Sando D, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films and devices: past, present and future. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:473201. [PMID: 25352066 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/473201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The celebrated renaissance of the multiferroics family over the past ten years has also been that of its most paradigmatic member, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Known since the 1960s to be a high temperature antiferromagnet and since the 1970s to be ferroelectric, BiFeO3 only had its bulk ferroic properties clarified in the mid-2000s. It is however the fabrication of BiFeO3 thin films and their integration into epitaxial oxide heterostructures that have fully revealed its extraordinarily broad palette of functionalities. Here we review the first decade of research on BiFeO3 films, restricting ourselves to epitaxial structures. We discuss how thickness and epitaxial strain influence not only the unit cell parameters, but also the crystal structure, illustrated for instance by the discovery of the so-called T-like phase of BiFeO3. We then present its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and their evolution near morphotropic phase boundaries. Magnetic properties and their modification by thickness and strain effects, as well as optical parameters, are covered. Finally, we highlight various types of devices based on BiFeO3 in electronics, spintronics, and optics, and provide perspectives for the development of further multifunctional devices for information technology and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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75
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Wang Y, Chen W, Wang B, Zheng Y. Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films: Growth, Characterization, Physics and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:6377-6485. [PMID: 28788196 PMCID: PMC5456150 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin ferroelectric films are of increasing interests these years, owing to the need of device miniaturization and their wide spectrum of appealing properties. Recent advanced deposition methods and characterization techniques have largely broadened the scope of experimental researches of ultrathin ferroelectric films, pushing intensive property study and promising device applications. This review aims to cover state-of-the-art experimental works of ultrathin ferroelectric films, with a comprehensive survey of growth methods, characterization techniques, important phenomena and properties, as well as device applications. The strongest emphasis is on those aspects intimately related to the unique phenomena and physics of ultrathin ferroelectric films. Prospects and challenges of this field also have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Weijin Chen
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Micro & Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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76
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Kim HS, Park NG. Parameters Affecting I-V Hysteresis of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO2 Layer. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2927-34. [PMID: 26278238 DOI: 10.1021/jz501392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells are studied using a time-dependent current response with stepwise sweeping of the bias voltage. Compared with the crystalline Si solar cell showing time-independent current at a given bias voltage, the perovskite solar cells exhibit time-dependent current response. The current increases with time and becomes steady at forward scan from short-circuit to open-circuit, whereas it is decayed and saturated with time at reverse scan from open-circuit to short-circuit. Time-dependent current response eventually leads to I-V hysteresis depending on the scan direction and the scan rate. Crystal size of CH3NH3PbI3 and the mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) film are found to influence I-V hysteresis, where the I-V hysteresis is alleviated as crystal size increases and in the presence of mp-TiO2. The capacitance observed at low frequency (0.1 to 1 Hz), associated with dipole polarization, tends to diminish as size of perovskite and mp-TiO2 layer thickness increases, which suggests that the origin of hysteresis correlates to the capacitive characteristic of CH3NH3PbI3 and the degree of hysteresis depends strongly on perovskite crystal size and mesoporous TiO2 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Seon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Seidel J, Trassin M, Zhang Y, Maksymovych P, Uhlig T, Milde P, Köhler D, Baddorf AP, Kalinin SV, Eng LM, Pan X, Ramesh R. Electronic properties of isosymmetric phase boundaries in highly strained Ca-Doped BiFeO₃. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4376-4380. [PMID: 24729350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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79
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Loh L, Briscoe J, Dunn S. Enhanced performance with bismuth ferrite perovskite in ZnO nanorod solid state solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7072-7078. [PMID: 24842152 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00911h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time the use of perovskite bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO) on ZnO-based solid state solar cells using only chemical solution methods for materials synthesis. As ZnO has poor chemical stability in acidic and corrosive environments, a buffer method using aminosilane ((3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3)) coating was used to provide a protective coating on the ZnO nanorods. The aminosilane layer was removed after BFO coating. The solid state solar cells, sensitized by N719, used CuSCN as the hole conductor and were tested under 100 mW cm(-2), AM 1.5G simulated sunlight. The photovoltaic performance showed current density improvement from 0.64 mA cm(-2) to 1.4 mA cm(-2) and efficiencies from 0.1% to 0.38% when comparing between ZnO and ZnO/BFO solar cells. The observed ca. 400% improved performance is shown to result from BFO's role as an electron blocking layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Loh
- Centre for Materials Research, School of Engineering and Materials, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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80
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Yang CH, Kan D, Takeuchi I, Nagarajan V, Seidel J. Doping BiFeO3: approaches and enhanced functionality. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 14:15953-62. [PMID: 23108014 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BiFeO(3) is one of the most studied multiferroic materials. Both its magnetic and ferroelectric properties can be influenced by doping. A large body of work on the doped material has been presented in the past couple of years. In this paper we provide a perspective on general doping concepts and their impact on the material's functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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81
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82
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Zheng F, Zhang P, Wang X, Huang W, Zhang J, Shen M, Dong W, Fang L, Bai Y, Shen X, Sun H, Hao J. Photovoltaic enhancement due to surface-plasmon assisted visible-light absorption at the inartificial surface of lead zirconate-titanate film. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2915-2921. [PMID: 24477668 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PZT film of 300 nm thickness was deposited on tin indium oxide (ITO) coated quartz by a sol-gel method. Four metal electrodes, such as Pt, Au, Cu and Ag, were used as top electrodes deposited on the same PZT film by sputtering at room temperature. In ITO-PZT-Ag and ITO-PZT-Au structures, the visible light (400-700 nm) can be absorbed partially by a PZT film, and the maximum efficiency of photoelectric conversion of the ITO-PZT-Ag structure was enhanced to 0.42% (100 mW cm(-2), AM 1.5G), which is about 15 times higher than that of the ITO-PZT-Pt structure. Numerical simulations show that the natural random roughness of polycrystalline-PZT-metal interface can offer a possibility of coupling between the incident photons and SPs at the metal surface. The coincidence between the calculated SP properties and the measured EQE spectra reveals the SP origin of the photovoltaic enhancement in these ITO-PZT-metal structures, and the improved photocurrent output is caused by the enhanced optical absorption in the PZT region near the metal surface, rather than by the direct charge-transfer process between two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengang Zheng
- Department of Physics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Sando D, Agbelele A, Daumont C, Rahmedov D, Ren W, Infante IC, Lisenkov S, Prosandeev S, Fusil S, Jacquet E, Carrétéro C, Petit S, Cazayous M, Juraszek J, Le Breton JM, Bellaiche L, Dkhil B, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Control of ferroelectricity and magnetism in multi-ferroic BiFeO3 by epitaxial strain. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20120438. [PMID: 24421372 PMCID: PMC3895974 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, strain engineering has been shown to be a powerful and flexible means of tailoring the properties of ABO3 perovskite thin films. The effect of epitaxial strain on the structure of the perovskite unit cell can induce a host of interesting effects, these arising from either polar cation shifts or rotation of the oxygen octahedra, or both. In the multi-ferroic perovskite bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3-BFO), both degrees of freedom exist, and thus a complex behaviour may be expected as one plays with epitaxial strain. In this paper, we review our results on the role of strain on the ferroic transition temperatures and ferroic order parameters. We find that, while the Néel temperature is almost unchanged by strain, the ferroelectric Curie temperature strongly decreases as strain increases in both the tensile and compressive ranges. Also unexpected is the very weak influence of strain on the ferroelectric polarization value. Using effective Hamiltonian calculations, we show that these peculiar behaviours arise from the competition between antiferrodistortive and polar instabilities. Finally, we present results on the magnetic order: while the cycloidal spin modulation present in the bulk survives in weakly strained films, it is destroyed at large strain and replaced by pseudo-collinear antiferromagnetic ordering. We discuss the origin of this effect and give perspectives for devices based on strain-engineered BiFeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Agbelele
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - C. Daumont
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Rahmedov
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - W. Ren
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - I. C. Infante
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, UMR 8580 CNRS-Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - S. Lisenkov
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33647, USA
| | - S. Prosandeev
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S. Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E. Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S. Petit
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS UMR12, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - J. Juraszek
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - J.-M. Le Breton
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - L. Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B. Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, UMR 8580 CNRS-Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - A. Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- e-mail:
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84
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Hu L, Dalgleish S, Matsushita MM, Yoshikawa H, Awaga K. Storage of an electric field for photocurrent generation in ferroelectric-functionalized organic devices. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3279. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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85
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Zhang G, Chen H, Xie Y, Huang F. Facile synthesis, magnetic, electrical and photoelectric properties of layered quaternary chalcogenides K2FeCu3Q4 (Q = S and Se). CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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86
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Bhatnagar A, Roy Chaudhuri A, Heon Kim Y, Hesse D, Alexe M. Role of domain walls in the abnormal photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3. Nat Commun 2013. [PMCID: PMC3868332 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the anomalous photovoltaic (PV) effect in BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films, which resulted in open circuit voltages (Voc) considerably larger than the band gap of the material, has generated a revival of the entire field of photoferroelectrics. Here, via temperature-dependent PV studies, we prove that the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect, which has been studied in the past for many non-centrosymmetric materials, is at the origin of the anomalous PV effect in BFO films. Moreover, we show that irrespective of the measurement geometry, Voc as high as 50 V can be achieved by controlling the conductivity of domain walls (DW). We also show that photoconductivity of the DW is markedly higher than in the bulk of BFO. The origin of the abnormal photovoltaic effect in bismuth ferrite thin films, which causes voltages larger than the band gap, is poorly understood. Bhatnagar et al. show that this effect can be attributed to a bulk photovoltaic effect and that it can be enhanced by controlling domain wall conductivity.
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87
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Fridkin VM. Parity nonconservation and bulk photovoltaic effect in a crystal without symmetry center. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:1551-1555. [PMID: 25004524 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The theory and the experimental characteristics of the bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric and piezoelectric crystals are considered. This new effect is caused by violation of the principle of detailed balancing for nonthermalized carriers. In conclusion, the new effect of ferroelectric photovoltages on domain walls is considered, as is its potential use in solar energy generation.
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88
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Guo Y, Guo B, Dong W, Li H, Liu H. Evidence for oxygen vacancy or ferroelectric polarization induced switchable diode and photovoltaic effects in BiFeO3 based thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:275201. [PMID: 23759921 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/27/275201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The diode and photovoltaic effects of BiFeO3 and Bi0.9Sr0.1FeO(3-δ) polycrystalline thin films were investigated by poling the films with increased magnitude and alternating direction. It was found that both electromigration of oxygen vacancies and polarization flipping are able to induce switchable diode and photovoltaic effects. For the Bi0.9Sr0.1FeO(3-δ) thin films with high oxygen vacancy concentration, reversibly switchable diode and photovoltaic effects can be observed due to the electromigration of oxygen vacancies under an electric field much lower than its coercive field. However, for the pure BiFeO3 thin films with lower oxygen vacancy concentration, the reversibly switchable diode and photovoltaic effect is hard to detect until the occurrence of polarization flipping. The switchable diode and photovoltaic effects can be explained well using the concepts of Schottky-like barrier-to-Ohmic contacts resulting from the combination of oxygen vacancies and polarization. The sign of photocurrent could be independent of the direction of polarization when the modulation of the energy band induced by oxygen vacancies is large enough to offset that induced by polarization. The photovoltaic effect induced by the electromigration of oxygen vacancies is unstable due to the diffusion of oxygen vacancies or the recombination of oxygen vacancies with hopping electrons. Our work provides deep insights into the nature of diode and photovoltaic effects in ferroelectric films, and will facilitate the advanced design of switchable devices combining spintronic, electronic, and optical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of MMCs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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89
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Zhang G, Wu H, Li G, Huang Q, Yang C, Huang F, Liao F, Lin J. New high T(c) multiferroics KBiFe₂O₅ with narrow band gap and promising photovoltaic effect. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1265. [PMID: 23405279 PMCID: PMC3569630 DOI: 10.1038/srep01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic polarization of ferroelectrics (FE) helps separate photon-generated charge carriers thus enhances photovoltaic effects. However, traditional FE with transition-metal cations (M) of d0 electron in MO6 network typically has a band gap (Eg) exceeding 3.0 eV. Although a smaller Eg (2.6 eV) can be obtained in multiferroic BiFeO3, the value is still too high for optimal solar energy applications. Computational “materials genome” searches have predicted several exotic MO6 FE with Eg < 2.0 eV, all thus far unconfirmed because of synthesis difficulties. Here we report a new FE compound with MO4 tetrahedral network, KBiFe2O5, which features narrow Eg (1.6 eV), high Curie temperature (Tc ~ 780 K) and robust magnetic and photoelectric activities. The high photovoltage (8.8 V) and photocurrent density (15 μA/cm2) were obtained, which is comparable to the reported BiFeO3. This finding may open a new avenue to discovering and designing optimal FE compounds for solar energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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90
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Wen H, Chen P, Cosgriff MP, Walko DA, Lee JH, Adamo C, Schaller RD, Ihlefeld JF, Dufresne EM, Schlom DG, Evans PG, Freeland JW, Li Y. Electronic origin of ultrafast photoinduced strain in BiFeO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:037601. [PMID: 23373952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.037601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Above-band-gap optical excitation produces interdependent structural and electronic responses in a multiferroic BiFeO(3) thin film. Time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction shows that photoexcitation can induce a large out-of-plane strain, with magnitudes on the order of half of one percent following pulsed-laser excitation. The strain relaxes with the same nanosecond time dependence as the interband relaxation of excited charge carriers. The magnitude of the strain and its temporal correlation with excited carriers indicate that an electronic mechanism, rather than thermal effects, is responsible for the lattice expansion. The observed strain is consistent with a piezoelectric distortion resulting from partial screening of the depolarization field by charge carriers, an effect linked to the electronic transport of excited carriers. The nonthermal generation of strain via optical pulses promises to extend the manipulation of ferroelectricity in oxide multiferroics to subnanosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Wen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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91
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Rühle S, Anderson AY, Barad HN, Kupfer B, Bouhadana Y, Rosh-Hodesh E, Zaban A. All-Oxide Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3755-3764. [PMID: 26291107 DOI: 10.1021/jz3017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new field in photovoltaics (PV) has emerged, focusing on solar cells that are entirely based on metal oxide semiconductors. The all-oxide PV approach is very attractive due to the chemical stability, nontoxicity, and abundance of many metal oxides that potentially allow manufacturing under ambient conditions. Already today, metal oxides (MOs) are widely used as components in PV cells such as transparent conducting front electrodes or electron-transport layers, while only very few MOs have been used as light absorbers. In this Perspective, we review recent developments of all-oxide PV systems, which until today were mostly based on Cu2O as an absorber. Furthermore, ferroelectric BiFeO3-based PV systems are discussed, which have recently attracted considerable attention. The performance of all-oxide PV cells is discussed in terms of general PV principles, and directions for progress are proposed, pointing toward the development of novel metal oxide semiconductors using combinatorial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rühle
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Assaf Y Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hannah-Noa Barad
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Benjamin Kupfer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yaniv Bouhadana
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Eli Rosh-Hodesh
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Arie Zaban
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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92
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Young SM, Zheng F, Rappe AM. First-principles calculation of the bulk photovoltaic effect in bismuth ferrite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:236601. [PMID: 23368233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We compute the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in BiFeO(3) using first-principles shift current theory, finding good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, we reconcile apparently contradictory observations: by examining the contributions of all photovoltaic response tensor components and accounting for the geometry and ferroelectric domain structure of the experimental system, we explain the apparent lack of BPVE response in striped polydomain samples that is at odds with the significant response observed in monodomain samples. We reveal that the domain-wall-driven response in striped polydomain samples is partially mitigated by the BPVE, suggesting that enhanced efficiency could be obtained in materials with cooperative rather than antagonistic interaction between the two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M Young
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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93
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Young SM, Rappe AM. First principles calculation of the shift current photovoltaic effect in ferroelectrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:116601. [PMID: 23005660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the bulk photovoltaic response of the ferroelectrics BaTiO(3) and PbTiO(3) from first principles by applying the "shift current" theory to the electronic structure from density functional theory. The first principles results for BaTiO(3) reproduce experimental photocurrent direction and magnitude as a function of light frequency, as well as the dependence of current on light polarization, demonstrating that shift current is the dominant mechanism of the bulk photovoltaic effect in BaTiO(3). Additionally, we analyze the relationship between response and material properties in detail. Photocurrent does not depend simply or strongly on the magnitude of material polarization, as has been previously assumed; instead, electronic states with delocalized, covalent bonding that is highly asymmetric along the current direction are required for strong shift current enhancements. The complexity of the response dependence on both external and material parameters suggests applications not only in solar energy conversion, but in photocatalysis and sensor and switch type devices as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M Young
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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94
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Yang Y, Ren W, Stengel M, Yan XH, Bellaiche L. Revisiting properties of ferroelectric and multiferroic thin films under tensile strain from first principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:057602. [PMID: 23006208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.057602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to revisit properties of (001) epitaxial BiFeO(3) (BFO) and PbTiO(3) thin films under tensile strain. While these two films possess different ground states when experiencing no misfit strain, they both exhibit the same, previously unknown phase for tensile strains above ≃5% at T = 0 K. This novel state is of orthorhombic Pmc2(1) symmetry and is macroscopically characterized by a large in-plane polarization coexisting with oxygen octahedra tilting in-phase about the out-of-plane direction. On a microscopic point of view, this Pmc2(1) state exhibits short atomic bonds and zigzag cation displacement patterns, unlike conventional ferroelectric phases and typical domains. Such unusual inhomogeneous patterns originate from the coexistence of polar and antiferroelectric distortions having the same magnitude and lead BFO films to be the first known material for which orbital ordering coexists with a large polarization. Furthermore, this Pmc2(1) state is also found in other perovskite films under tensile strain, which emphasizes its generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
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95
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Alexe M. Local mapping of generation and recombination lifetime in BiFeO3 single crystals by scanning probe photoinduced transient spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:2193-2198. [PMID: 22468626 DOI: 10.1021/nl300618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carrier lifetime in photoelectric processes is the average time an excited carrier is free before recombining or trapping. Lifetime is directly related to defects and it is a key parameter in analyzing photovoltaic effects in semiconductors. We show here a scanning probe method combined with photoinduced current spectroscopy that allows mapping with nanoscale resolution of the generation and recombination lifetimes. Using this method we have analyzed the mechanism of the abnormal photovoltaic effect in multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO(3). We found that generation and recombination lifetimes in BiFeO(3) are large due to complex generation and recombination processes that involve shallow energy levels in the band gap. The domain walls do not play a major role in the photovoltaic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Alexe
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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96
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Yan F, Chen G, Lu L, Spanier JE. Dynamics of photogenerated surface charge on BiFeO3 films. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2353-2360. [PMID: 22314034 DOI: 10.1021/nn204604m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spatial and temporal evolution of photoinduced charge generation and carrier separation in heteroepitaxial BiFeO(3) thin films deposited on Nb:SrTiO(3) as measured in ambient at room temperature with Kelvin probe and piezoresponse force microscopy. Contributions from the self-poled and ferroelectric polarization charge are identified from the time evolution of the correlated surface potential and ferroelectric polarization in films as grown and following poling, and at different stages and intensities of optical illumination. Variations in the surface potential with bias voltage, switching history, and illumination intensity indicate how both bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic and the domain wall offset potential mechanisms contribute to the photogenerated charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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97
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Kreisel J, Alexe M, Thomas PA. A photoferroelectric material is more than the sum of its parts. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:260. [PMID: 22437772 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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98
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Zheng H, Liu X, Diao C, Gu Y, Zhang W. A separation mechanism of photogenerated charges and magnetic properties for BiFeO3 microspheres synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8376-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Cao D, Wang C, Zheng F, Fang L, Dong W, Shen M. Understanding the nature of remnant polarization enhancement, coercive voltage offset and time-dependent photocurrent in ferroelectric films irradiated by ultraviolet light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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