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Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptomes of Persisting and Abscised Fruitlets: Insights into Plant Hormone and Carbohydrate Metabolism Regulated Self-Thinning of Pecan Fruitlets during the Early Stage. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:176-193. [PMID: 35723392 PMCID: PMC8929008 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan is one of the most popular nut species in the world. The fruit drop rate of the pecan ‘Pawnee’ is more than 57%, with four fruit drop stages, which is very serious. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of persisting and abscised fruitlets in early fruit development by RNA-seq. A total of 11,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 3012 upregulated and 8964 downregulated, in a comparison of abscised vs. persisting fruitlets at 35 days after anthesis (DAA). Our transcriptomic data suggest that gene subsets encoding elements involving the biosynthesis, metabolism, perception, signal transduction, and crosstalk of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellin (GA) and plant growth regulators jasmonates, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids were differentially expressed. In addition, the majority of transcriptionally activated genes involved in hormone signaling (except for ethylene and salicylic acid signaling) were downregulated in abscised fruitlets. The differential expression of transcripts coding for enzymes involved in sucrose, glucose, trehalose, starch, galactose, and galactinol metabolism shows that sucrose, galactinol, and glucose synthesis and starch content were reduced as starch biosynthesis was blocked, and retrogradation and degradation intensified. These results suggest that the abscised pecan fruitlets stopped growing and developing for some time before dropping, further indicating that their sugar supply was reduced or stopped. The transcriptome characterization described in this paper contributes to unravelling the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the physiological abscission of pecan fruits.
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Unravelling the Molecular Regulation Mechanisms of Slow Ripening Trait in Prunus persica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112380. [PMID: 34834743 PMCID: PMC8623733 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruit development is a complex process that involves the interplay of cell division, expansion, and differentiation. As a model to study fruit development, nectarines incapable of ripening were described as slow ripening. Slow ripening fruits remained firm and exhibited no rise in CO2 or ethylene production rates for one month or more at 20 °C. Different studies suggest that this trait is controlled by a single gene (NAC072). Transcriptome analysis between normal and slow ripening fruits showed a total of 157, 269, 976, and 5.224 differentially expressed genes in each fruit developmental stage analyzed (T1, T2, T3, and T7, respectively), and no expression of NAC072 was found in the slow ripening individuals. Using this transcriptomic information, we identified a correlation of NAC072 with auxin-related genes and two genes associated with terpene biosynthesis. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in hormonal biosynthetic pathways during fruit development between the normal and slow ripening individuals (gibberellin, ethylene, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid). These results suggest that the absence of NAC072 by the direct or indirect expression control of auxins or terpene-related genes prevents normal peach fruit development.
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Du Y, Luo S, Zhao J, Feng Z, Chen X, Ren W, Liu X, Wang Z, Yu L, Li W, Qu Y, Liu J, Zhou L. Genome and transcriptome-based characterization of high energy carbon-ion beam irradiation induced delayed flower senescence mutant in Lotus japonicus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:510. [PMID: 34732128 PMCID: PMC8564971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower longevity is closely related to pollen dispersal and reproductive success in all plants, as well as the commercial value of ornamental plants. Mutants that display variation in flower longevity are useful tools for understanding the mechanisms underlying this trait. Heavy-ion beam irradiation has great potential to improve flower shapes and colors; however, few studies are available on the mutation of flower senescence in leguminous plants. RESULTS A mutant (C416) exhibiting blossom duration eight times longer than that of the wild type (WT) was isolated in Lotus japonicus derived from carbon ion beam irradiation. Genetic assays supported that the delayed flower senescence of C416 was a dominant trait controlled by a single gene, which was located between 4,616,611 Mb and 5,331,876 Mb on chromosome III. By using a sorting strategy of multi-sample parallel genome sequencing, candidate genes were narrowed to the gene CUFF.40834, which exhibited high identity to ethylene receptor 1 in other model plants. A physiological assay demonstrated that C416 was insensitive to ethylene precursor. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of phytohormone regulatory network in petals at different developmental stages was compared by using RNA-seq. In brief, the ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways were negatively regulated in C416, whereas the brassinosteroid (BR) and cytokinin signaling pathways were positively regulated, and auxin exhibited dual effects on flower senescence in Lotus japonicus. The abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway is positively regulated in C416. CONCLUSION So far, C416 might be the first reported mutant carrying a mutation in an endogenous ethylene-related gene in Lotus japonicus, rather than through the introduction of exogenous genes by transgenic techniques. A schematic of the flower senescence of Lotus japonicus from the perspective of the phytohormone regulatory network was provided based on transcriptome profiling of petals at different developmental stages. This study is informative for elucidating the molecular mechanism of delayed flower senescence in C416, and lays a foundation for candidate flower senescence gene identification in Lotus japonicus. It also provides another perspective for the improvement of flower longevity in legume plants by heavy-ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanwei Luo
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Feng
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Ren
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanzi Wang
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qu
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Kejin Innovation Institute of Heavy Ion Beam Biological Industry, Baiyin, 730900, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
- Kejin Innovation Institute of Heavy Ion Beam Biological Industry, Baiyin, 730900, People's Republic of China.
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Kanojia A, Shrestha DK, Dijkwel PP. Primary metabolic processes as drivers of leaf ageing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6351-6364. [PMID: 34279698 PMCID: PMC8558203 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing in plants is a highly coordinated and complex process that starts with the birth of the plant or plant organ and ends with its death. A vivid manifestation of the final stage of leaf ageing is exemplified by the autumn colours of deciduous trees. Over the past decades, technological advances have allowed plant ageing to be studied on a systems biology level, by means of multi-omics approaches. Here, we review some of these studies and argue that these provide strong support for basic metabolic processes as drivers for ageing. In particular, core cellular processes that control the metabolism of chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, DNA and reactive oxygen species correlate with leaf ageing. However, while multi-omics studies excel at identifying correlative processes and pathways, molecular genetic approaches can provide proof that such processes and pathways control ageing, by means of knock-out and ectopic expression of predicted regulatory genes. Therefore, we also review historic and current molecular evidence to directly test the hypotheses unveiled by the systems biology approaches. We found that the molecular genetic approaches, by and large, confirm the multi-omics-derived hypotheses with notable exceptions, where there is scant evidence that chlorophyll and DNA metabolism are important drivers of leaf ageing. We present a model that summarises the core cellular processes that drive leaf ageing and propose that developmental processes are tightly linked to primary metabolism to inevitably lead to ageing and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski 139 Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Deny K Shrestha
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Yu Y, Qi Y, Xu J, Dai X, Chen J, Dong CH, Xiang F. Arabidopsis WRKY71 regulates ethylene-mediated leaf senescence by directly activating EIN2, ORE1 and ACS2 genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1819-1836. [PMID: 34296474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a pivotal step in the last stage of the plant life cycle and is influenced by various external and endogenous cues. A series of reports have indicated the involvement of the WRKY transcription factors in regulating leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain largely unclear. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that WRKY71 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. WRKY71-1D, an overexpressor of WRKY71, exhibited early leaf senescence, while wrky71-1, the WRKY71 loss-of-function mutant, displayed delayed leaf senescence. Accordingly, a set of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were substantially elevated in WRKY71-1D but markedly decreased in wrky71-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that WRKY71 can bind directly to the promoters of SAG13 and SAG201. Transcriptome analysis suggested that WRKY71 might mediate multiple cues to accelerate leaf senescence, such as abiotic stresses, dark and ethylene. WRKY71 was ethylene inducible, and treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhanced leaf senescence in WRKY71-1D but caused only a marginal delay in leaf senescence in wrky71-1. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that WRKY71 can directly regulate ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) and ORESARA1 (ORE1), genes of the ethylene signaling pathway. Consistently, leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D was obviously retarded in the ein2-5 and nac2-1 mutants. Moreover, WRKY71 was also proved to interact with ACS2 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine and acs2-1 could greatly arrest the leaf senescence of WRKY71-1D. In conclusion, our data revealed that WRKY71 mediates ethylene signaling and synthesis to hasten leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchong Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Jiang X, Fan L, Li P, Zou X, Zhang Z, Fan S, Gong J, Yuan Y, Shang H. Co-expression network and comparative transcriptome analysis for fiber initiation and elongation reveal genetic differences in two lines from upland cotton CCRI70 RIL population. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11812. [PMID: 34327061 PMCID: PMC8308610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upland cotton is the most widely planted for natural fiber around the world, and either lint percentage (LP) or fiber length (FL) is the crucial component tremendously affecting cotton yield and fiber quality, respectively. In this study, two lines MBZ70-053 and MBZ70-236 derived from G. hirsutum CCRI70 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population presenting different phenotypes in LP and FL traits were chosen to conduct RNA sequencing on ovule and fiber samples, aiming at exploring the differences of molecular and genetic mechanisms during cotton fiber initiation and elongation stages. As a result, 249/128, 369/206, 4296/1198 and 3547/2129 up-/down- regulated differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in L2 were obtained at -3, 0, 5 and 10 days post-anthesis (DPA), respectively. Seven gene expression profiles were discriminated using Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis; seven modules and hub genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The DEGs were mainly enriched into energetic metabolism and accumulating as well as auxin signaling pathway in initiation and elongation stages, respectively. Meanwhile, 29 hub genes were identified as 14-3-3ω , TBL35, GhACS, PME3, GAMMA-TIP, PUM-7, etc., where the DEGs and hub genes revealed the genetic and molecular mechanisms and differences during cotton fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China.,School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xianyan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Senmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China.,School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China.,School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Guo Y, Ren G, Zhang K, Li Z, Miao Y, Guo H. Leaf senescence: progression, regulation, and application. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:5. [PMID: 37789484 PMCID: PMC10509828 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a type of postmitotic senescence and is characterized by the functional transition from nutrient assimilation to nutrient remobilization which is essential for plants' fitness. The initiation and progression of leaf senescence are regulated by a variety of internal and external factors such as age, phytohormones, and environmental stresses. Significant breakthroughs in dissecting the molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf senescence have benefited from the identification of senescence-altered mutants through forward genetic screening and functional assessment of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) via reverse genetic research in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in crop plants. Leaf senescence involves highly complex genetic programs that are tightly tuned by multiple layers of regulation, including chromatin and transcription regulation, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. Due to the significant impact of leaf senescence on photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization, stress responses, and productivity, much effort has been made in devising strategies based on known senescence regulatory mechanisms to manipulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence, aiming for higher yield, better quality, or improved horticultural performance in crop plants. This review aims to provide an overview of leaf senescence and discuss recent advances in multi-dimensional regulation of leaf senescence from genetic and molecular network perspectives. We also put forward the key issues that need to be addressed, including the nature of leaf age, functional stay-green trait, coordination between different regulatory pathways, source-sink relationship and nutrient remobilization, as well as translational researches on leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Guodong Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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Hussain S, Wang W, Ahmed S, Wang X, Adnan, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang N, Tian H, Chen S, Hu X, Wang T, Wang S. PIP2, An Auxin Induced Plant Peptide Hormone Regulates Root and Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646736. [PMID: 34054893 PMCID: PMC8161498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is one of the traditional plant hormones, whereas peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. Both auxin and plant peptide hormones regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, and there are cross-talks between auxin and plant peptide hormones. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDES (PIPs) and PIP-LIKEs (PIPLs) are a new family of plant peptide hormone, and PIPL3/TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) has been shown to regulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. We report here the identification of PIP2 as an auxin response gene, and we found it plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the expression of PIP2 but not PIP1 and PIP3 was induced by auxin, and auxin induced expression of PIP2 was reduced in nph4-1 and arf19-4, the lost-of-function mutants of Auxin Response Factor 7 (ARF7) and ARF19, respectively. By generating and characterizing overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP2, we found that root length in the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings was slightly shorter when compared with that in the Col wild type plants, but root length of the pip2 mutant seedlings remained largely unchanged. For comparison, we also generated overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP3, as well as pip2 pip3 double mutants. Surprisingly, we found that root length in the PIP3 overexpression plant seedlings is shorter than that of the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings, and the pip3 mutant seedlings also produced short roots. However, root length in the pip2 pip3 double mutant seedlings is largely similar to that in the pip3 single mutant seedlings. On the other hand, hypocotyl elongation assays indicate that only the 35S:PIP2 transgenic plant seedlings produced longer hypocotyls when compared with the Col wild type seedlings. Further analysis indicates that PIP2 promotes cell division as well as cell elongation in hypocotyls. Taken together, our results suggest that PIP2 is an auxin response gene, and PIP2 plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis likely via regulating cell division and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Chen Y, Inzé D, Vanhaeren H. Post-translational modifications regulate the activity of the growth-restricting protease DA1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3352-3366. [PMID: 33587751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a primary food source and can form the basis for renewable energy resources. The final size of their organs is by far the most important trait to consider when seeking increased plant productivity. Being multicellular organisms, plant organ size is mainly determined by the coordination between cell proliferation and cell expansion. The protease DA1 limits the duration of cell proliferation and thereby restricts final organ size. Since its initial identification as a negative regulator of organ growth, various transcriptional regulators of DA1, but also interacting proteins, have been identified. These interactors include cleavage substrates of DA1, and also proteins that modulate the activity of DA1 through post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and phosphorylation. In addition, many players in the DA1 pathway display conserved phenotypes in other dicot and even monocot species. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the complex, but intriguing, molecular mechanisms that fine-tune the activity of DA1 and therefore final organ size. Moreover, we lay out a roadmap to identify and characterize substrates of proteases and frame the substrate cleavage events in their biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Vanhaeren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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He Y, Liu Y, Li M, Lamin-Samu AT, Yang D, Yu X, Izhar M, Jan I, Ali M, Lu G. The Arabidopsis SMALL AUXIN UP RNA32 Protein Regulates ABA-Mediated Responses to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625493. [PMID: 33777065 PMCID: PMC7994887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNAs (SAURs) are recognized as auxin-responsive genes involved in the regulation of abiotic stress adaptive growth. Among the growth-limiting factors, water-deficit condition significantly affects plant growth and development. The putative function of SAUR family member AtSAUR32 has the potential to diminish the negative impact of drought stress, but the exact function and mode of action remain unclear in Arabidopsis. In the current study, AtSAUR32 gene was cloned and functionally analyzed. AtSAUR32 localized to the plasma membrane and nucleus was dominantly expressed in roots and highly induced by abscisic acid and drought treatment at certain time points. The stomatal closure and seed germination of saur32 were less sensitive to ABA relative to AtSAUR32-overexpressed line (OE32-5) and wild type (WT). Moreover, the saur32 mutant under drought stress showed increased ion leakage while quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and endogenous ABA accumulation were reduced, along with the expression pattern of ABA/stress-responsive genes compared with WT and the OE32-5 transgenic line. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that AtSAUR32 interacted with clade-A PP2C proteins (AtHAI1 and AtAIP1) to regulate ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results indicate that AtSAUR32 plays an important role in drought stress adaptation via mediating ABA signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun He
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Tumbeh Lamin-Samu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Izhar
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ibadullah Jan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cabot C, Sibole JV, Barceló J, Poschenrieder C. Luxury zinc supply acts as antiaging agent and enhances reproductive fitness in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110805. [PMID: 33568305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developmental senescence in plants is an age dependent process affected by phytohormones, nutrient status, and environmental factors, while the antiaging effects of zinc are recognized in humans. This study explores the possible influence of a high, non-toxic Zn-supply (12 μM) on senescence and reproductive fitness in A. thaliana. Auxin-resistance mutant, axr1-12, and auxin overexpressing YUCCA6 mutant, yuc6-1D, and their corresponding background genotypes were grown until complete rosette senescence to quantify the fruit biomass and seed number. Gene expression of different antioxidant, auxin and senescence-associated markers were analyzed after the onset of senescence. All mutants showed delayed developmental senescence. Luxury Zn delayed senescence in wild type, but not in the mutant genotypes. Excluding axr1-12 mutants, which showed very low expression of the auxin gene marker INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 2 (IAA2), enhanced expression of the senescence markers SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 12 (SAG12) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) coincided with decreased expression of IAA2. Delayed senescence and total number of seeds per plant were related to higher expression of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD3) and catalase (CAT2). These results evidence that high Zn-induced delayed senescence and improved reproductive fitness in Arabidopsis are related to an auxin-independent mechanism that retains antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabot
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
| | - John V Sibole
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Juan Barceló
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Zhao N, Ze S, Liu N, Hu L, Ji M, Li Q, Yang B. Exogenous phytohormone application and transcriptome analysis of Mikania micrantha provides insights for a potential control strategy. Genomics 2021; 113:964-975. [PMID: 33610796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective and complete control of the invasive weed Mikania micrantha is required to avoid increasing damages. We exogenously applied indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU), and their combinations i.e. IAA + CPPU (IC), GA + CPPU (GC), and GA + IAA + CPPU (GIC), at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 ppm against distilled water as a control (CK), to examine their effects on the weed. The increasing concentrations of these hormones when applied alone or in combination were fatal to M. micrantha and led towards the death of inflorescences and/or florets. CPPU and GIC were found as the most effective phytohormones. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential regulation of genes in auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling pathways, suggesting their role in the prohibition of axillary bud differentiation. Collectively, CPPU and GIC at a high concentration (75 ppm) could be used as a control measure to protect forests and other lands from the invasion of M. micrantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sangzi Ze
- Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine Bureau, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Naiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lianrong Hu
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Zhang H, Yu Z, Yao X, Chen J, Chen X, Zhou H, Lou Y, Ming F, Jin Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) gene family in plants: evolution and expression profiles during normal growth and stress response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:4. [PMID: 33407147 PMCID: PMC7789510 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin is critical to plant growth and development, as well as stress responses. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) is the largest family of early auxin responsive genes in higher plants. However, the function of few SAUR genes is known owing to functional redundancy among the many family members. RESULTS In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using protein sequences of 795 SAURs from Anthoceros angustus, Marchantia polymorpha, Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorffii, Ginkgo biloba, Gnetum montanum, Amborella trichopoda, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula and Setaria italica. The phylogenetic trees showed that the SAUR proteins could be divided into 10 clades and three subfamilies, and that SAUR proteins of three bryophyte species were only located in subfamily III, which suggested that they may be ancestral. From bryophyta to anthophyta, SAUR family have appeared very large expansion. The number of SAUR gene in Fabaceae species was considerably higher than that in other plants, which may be associated with independent whole genome duplication event in the Fabaceae lineages. The phylogenetic trees also showed that SAUR genes had expanded independently monocotyledons and dicotyledons in angiosperms. Conserved motif and protein structure prediction revealed that SAUR proteins were highly conserved among higher plants, and two leucine residues in motif I were observed in almost all SAUR proteins, which suggests the residues plays a critical role in the stability and function of SAUR proteins. Expression analysis of SAUR genes using publicly available RNA-seq data from rice and soybean indicated functional similarity of members in the same clade, which was also further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Summarization of SAUR functions also showed that SAUR functions were usually consistent within a subclade. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the evolution and function of the SAUR gene family from bryophyta to anthophyta, particularly in Fabaceae plants. Future investigation to understand the functions of SAUR family members should employ a clade as the study unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaodie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuxia Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yue Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Mo Z, Zhu J, Wei J, Zhou J, Xu Q, Tang H, Mu Y, Deng M, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Chen G, Wang J, Qi P, Li W, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Lan X, Ma J. The 55K SNP-Based Exploration of QTLs for Spikelet Number Per Spike in a Tetraploid Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) Population: Chinese Landrace "Ailanmai" × Wild Emmer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732837. [PMID: 34531890 PMCID: PMC8439258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is the primary factor that determines wheat yield. Common wheat breeding reduces the genetic diversity among elite germplasm resources, leading to a detrimental effect on future wheat production. It is, therefore, necessary to explore new genetic resources for SNS to increase wheat yield. A tetraploid landrace "Ailanmai" × wild emmer wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to construct a genetic map using a wheat 55K single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The linkage map containing 1,150 bin markers with a total genetic distance of 2,411.8 cm was obtained. Based on the phenotypic data from the eight environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SNS were identified, explaining 6.71-29.40% of the phenotypic variation. Two of them, QSns.sau-AM-2B.2 and QSns.sau-AM-3B.2, were detected as a major and novel QTL. Their effects were further validated in two additional F2 populations using tightly linked kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. Potential candidate genes within the physical intervals of the corresponding QTLs were predicted to participate in inflorescence development and spikelet formation. Genetic associations between SNS and other agronomic traits were also detected and analyzed. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the wheat 55K SNP array developed for common wheat in the genetic mapping of tetraploid population and shows the potential application of wheat-related species in wheat improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiatai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Xiujin Lan
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Ma
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Liu B, Long H, Yan J, Ye L, Zhang Q, Chen H, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun S. A HY5-COL3-COL13 regulatory chain for controlling hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:130-142. [PMID: 33011994 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS-LIKE (COL) family members are commonly implicated in light signal transduction during early photomorphogenesis. However, some of their functions remain unclear. Here, we propose a role for COL13 in hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that COL13 RNA accumulates at high levels in hypocotyls and that a disruption in the COL13 function via a T-DNA insertion or RNAi led to the formation of longer hypocotyls of Arabidopsis seedlings under red light. On the contrary, overexpression of COL13 resulted in the formation of shorter hypocotyls. Using various genetic, genomic, and biochemical assays, we proved that another COL protein, COL3, directly binds to the promoter of COL13, and the promoter region of COL3 was targeted by the transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), to form an HY5-COL3-COL13 regulatory chain for regulating hypocotyl elongation under red light. Additionally, further study demonstrated that COL13 interacts with COL3, and COL13 promotes the interaction between COL3 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), suggesting a possible COP1-dependent COL3-COL13 feedback pathway. Our results provide new information regarding the gene network in mediating hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hong Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Sun N, Zhang F, Yu R, Chen H, Deng XW, Wei N. SAUR17 and SAUR50 Differentially Regulate PP2C-D1 during Apical Hook Development and Cotyledon Opening in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3792-3811. [PMID: 33093148 PMCID: PMC7721335 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following germination in the dark, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo etiolation and develop apical hooks, closed cotyledons, and rapidly elongating hypocotyls. Upon light perception, the seedlings de-etiolate, which includes the opening of apical hooks and cotyledons. Here, we identify Arabidopsis Small Auxin Up RNA17 (SAUR17) as a downstream effector of etiolation, which serves to bring about apical hook formation and closed cotyledons. SAUR17 is highly expressed in apical hooks and cotyledons and is repressed by light. The apical organs also express a group of light-inducing SAURs, as represented by SAUR50, which promote hook and cotyledon opening. The development of etiolated or de-etiolated apical structures requires asymmetric differential cell growth. We present evidence that the opposing actions of SAUR17 and SAUR50 on apical development largely result from their antagonistic regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2C D-clade 1 (PP2C-D1), a phosphatase that suppresses cell expansion and promotes apical hook development in the dark. SAUR50 inhibits PP2C-D1, whereas SAUR17 has a higher affinity for PP2C-D1 without inhibiting its activity. PP2C-D1 predominantly associates with SAUR17 in etiolated seedlings, which shields it from inhibitory SAURs such as SAUR50. Light signals turn off SAUR17 and upregulate a subgroup of SAURs including SAUR50 at the inner side of the hook and cotyledon cells, leading to cell expansion and unfolding of the hook and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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67
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Wu DC, Zhu JF, Shu ZZ, Wang W, Yan C, Xu SB, Wu DX, Wang CY, Dong ZR, Sun G. Physiological and transcriptional response to heat stress in heat-resistant and heat-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines at seedling stage. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1615-1637. [PMID: 32728849 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular and physiological mechanism underlying the heat stress in maize, transcriptional and physiological response to heat stress in the heat-resistant Huangzaosi (HZS) and heat-sensitive Lv-9-Kuan (L9K) inbred lines at seedling stage were analyzed and compared at seedling stage. Our results indicated that MDA content of the two inbred lines increased significantly under heat stress; the values of MDA in L9K was significantly higher than that in HZS. The level of SOD, CAT, and POD enzyme activities in HZS was higher than those in L9K for both the heat-treated group and controls. The values of Fv/Fm, qP, and ФPSII reduced by heat stress in L9K were higher than the respective values in HZS. RNA-seq data showed that heat stress induced more heat stress-related genes in HZS (257 heat stress-related genes) than in L9K (224 heat stress-related genes). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that HZS and L9K changed their physiological and biochemical mechanisms in response to heat stress through different molecular mechanisms. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis showed that HZS might obtain stronger heat resistance than L9K through a unique transcriptional regulatory network. Our findings provide insights into the molecular networks that mediate the tolerance of maize heat stress and also help us to mine key heat stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chuan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Fei Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Shu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shan-Bin Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Xiang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Dong
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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68
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Kanojia A, Gupta S, Benina M, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev T, Dijkwel PP. Developmentally controlled changes during Arabidopsis leaf development indicate causes for loss of stress tolerance with age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6340-6354. [PMID: 32720687 PMCID: PMC7586751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is induced by the gradual occurrence of age-related changes (ARCs). The process of leaf senescence has been well described, but the cellular events leading to this process are still poorly understood. By analysis of progressively ageing, but not yet senescing, Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, we aimed to better understand processes occurring prior to the onset of senescence. Using gene expression analysis, we found that as leaves mature, genes responding to oxidative stress and genes involved in stress hormone biosynthesis and signalling were up-regulated. A decrease in primary metabolites that provide protection against oxidative stress was a possible explanation for the increased stress signature. The gene expression and metabolomics changes occurred concomitantly to a decrease in drought, salinity, and dark stress tolerance of individual leaves. Importantly, stress-related genes showed elevated expression in the early ageing mutant old5 and decreased expression in the delayed ageing mutant ore9. We propose that the decreased stress tolerance with age results from the occurrence of senescence-inducing ARCs that is integrated into the leaf developmental programme, and that this ensures a timely and certain death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Yang S, Fang G, Zhang A, Ruan B, Jiang H, Ding S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Jaha N, Hu P, Xu Z, Gao Z, Wang J, Qian Q. Rice EARLY SENESCENCE 2, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase, is involved in leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 32847519 PMCID: PMC7449006 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early leaf senescence influences yield and yield quality by affecting plant growth and development. A series of leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms have been reported in rice. However, the complex genetic regulatory networks that control leaf senescence need to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, an early senescence 2 (es2) mutant was obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)-induced mutational library for the Japonica rice cultivar Wuyugeng 7 (WYG7). Leaves of es2 showed early senescence at the seedling stage and became severe at the tillering stage. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased, while chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in the es2 mutant. Moreover, genes which related to senescence, ROS and chlorophyll degradation were up-regulated, while those associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in es2 mutant compared to WYG7. The ES2 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate kinase (OsIPK2), was fine mapped to a 116.73-kb region on chromosome 2. DNA sequencing of ES2 in the mutant revealed a missense mutation, ES2 was localized to nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, and expressed in various tissues of rice. Complementation test and overexpression experiment confirmed that ES2 completely restored the normal phenotype, with chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate increased comparable with the wild type. These results reveal the new role of OsIPK2 in regulating leaf senescence in rice and therefore will provide additional genetic evidence on the molecular mechanisms controlling early leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS The ES2 gene, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, is essential for leaf senescence in rice. Further study of ES2 will facilitate the dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Noushin Jaha
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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Robin AHK, Saha G, Laila R, Park JI, Kim HT, Nou IS. Expression and Role of Biosynthetic, Transporter, Receptor, and Responsive Genes for Auxin Signaling during Clubroot Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155554. [PMID: 32756478 PMCID: PMC7432499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxins play a pivotal role in clubroot development caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae. In this study, we investigated the pattern of expression of 23 genes related to auxin biosynthesis, reception, and transport in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) after inoculation with P. brassicae. The predicted proteins identified, based on the 23 selected auxin-related genes, were from protein kinase, receptor kinase, auxin responsive, auxin efflux carrier, transcriptional regulator, and the auxin-repressed protein family. These proteins differed in amino acids residue, molecular weights, isoelectric points, chromosomal location, and subcellular localization. Leaf and root tissues showed dynamic and organ-specific variation in expression of auxin-related genes. The BrGH3.3 gene, involved in auxin signaling, exhibited 84.4-fold increase in expression in root tissues compared to leaf tissues as an average of all samples. This gene accounted for 4.8-, 2.6-, and 5.1-fold higher expression at 3, 14, and 28 days post inoculation (dpi) in the inoculated root tissues compared to mock-treated roots. BrNIT1, an auxin signaling gene, and BrPIN1, an auxin transporter, were remarkably induced during both cortex infection at 14 dpi and gall formation at 28 dpi. BrDCK1, an auxin receptor, was upregulated during cortex infection at 14 dpi. The BrLAX1 gene, associated with root hair development, was induced at 1 dpi in infected roots, indicating its importance in primary infection. More interestingly, a significantly higher expression of BrARP1, an auxin-repressed gene, at both the primary and secondary phases of infection indicated a dynamic response of the host plant towards its resistance against P. brassicae. The results of this study improve our current understanding of the role of auxin-related genes in clubroot disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 02202, Bangladesh
| | - Gopal Saha
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Rawnak Laila
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (A.H.K.R.); (G.S.); (R.L.); (J.-I.P.); (H.-T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-617-503-249
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Wang P, Lu S, Xie M, Wu M, Ding S, Khaliq A, Ma Z, Mao J, Chen B. Identification and expression analysis of the small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) gene family in apple by inducing of auxin. Gene 2020; 750:144725. [PMID: 32360839 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family plays a vital role in the regulation of plant growth and development. We identified 80 MdSAUR genes in this study. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SAUR proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, and apple were divided into six groups. Of the 80 MdSAURs, 71 were randomly distributed along the 17 chromosomes, while the remaining genes were located along unassigned scafoolds. Among them, a comprehensive overview of SAUR gene family is presented, including gene structures, chromosome locations, duplication and selection pressure analyses, synteny and promoter analyses, and protein interaction. The expression profiles based on microarray data found that 80 genes showed increased expression levels in at least one tissue including seed, seedling, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit 100daa, and harvested fruit. MdSAUR7 possibly regulate the development of flower organs, and MdSAUR15, MdSAUR24, and MdSAUR80 promote the growth of fruits by regulating cell division. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated the expression levels of 79 MdSAUR genes in leaves under exogenous IAA treatment. MdSAUR4, MdSAUR22, MdSAUR37, MdSAUR38, MdSAUR49, and MdSAUR54 were up-regulated after IAA treatment compared with the control, indicating that they may play specific roles in the IAA signaling transduction pathway. This work provided a foundation for further investigations for the functional analyses of SAURs in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Min Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Maodong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sunlei Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Abdul Khaliq
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Qiu T, Qi M, Ding X, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Chen Y, Han N, Zhu M, Bian H, Wang J. The SAUR41 subfamily of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA genes is abscisic acid inducible to modulate cell expansion and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:805-819. [PMID: 31585004 PMCID: PMC7182593 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most primary auxin response genes are classified into three families: AUX/IAA, GH3 and SAUR genes. Few studies have been conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana SAUR genes, possibly due to genetic redundancy among different subfamily members. Data mining on arabidopsis transcriptional profiles indicates that the SAUR41 subfamily members of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA genes are, strikingly, induced by an inhibitory phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA). We aimed to reveal the physiological roles of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes containing SAUR40, SAUR41, SAUR71 and SAUR72. METHODS Transcriptional responses of arabidopsis SAUR41 genes to phytohormones were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Knock out of SAUR41 genes was carried out with the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) genome editing technique. The saur41/40/71/72 quadruple mutants, SAUR41 overexpression lines and the wild type were subjected to ultrastructural observation, transcriptome analysis and physiological characterization. KEY RESULTS Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes is activated by ABA but not by gibberellic acids and brassinosteroids. Quadruple mutations in saur41/40/71/72 led to reduced cell expansion/elongation in cotyledons and hypocotyls, opposite to the overexpression of SAUR41; however, an irregular arrangement of cell size and shape was observed in both cases. The quadruple mutants had increased transcription of calcium homeostasis/signalling genes in seedling shoots, and the SAUR41 overexpression lines had decreased transcription of iron homeostasis genes in roots and increased ABA biosynthesis in shoots. Notably, both the quadruple mutants and the SAUR41 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment, whereas specific expression of SAUR41 under the ABA-responsive RD29A (Responsive to Desiccation 29A) promoter in the quadruple mutants rescued the inhibitory effect of salt stress. CONCLUSIONS The SAUR41 subfamily genes of arabidopsis are ABA inducible to modulate cell expansion, ion homeostasis and salt tolerance. Our work may provide new candidate genes for improvement of plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qiu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Vercruysse J, Baekelandt A, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Molecular networks regulating cell division during Arabidopsis leaf growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2365-2378. [PMID: 31748815 PMCID: PMC7178401 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1-ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Vercruysse
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon cedex, France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Fei R, Chen Z, Fan C, Sun X. Plant hormonal changes and differential expression profiling reveal seed dormancy removal process in double dormant plant-herbaceous peony. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231117. [PMID: 32240252 PMCID: PMC7117732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a popular ornamental and medicinal plant. Taking approximately six to seven months, the seeds germination under natural conditions experiences dual dormancies, which seriously affects horticultural cultivation. Few studies have been conducted on exploring both biological and molecular mechanism that regulates dormancy removal process in hypocotyls double dormant plants. Here, we first measured ABA and GA3 content changes at four key dormancy break stages, and then performed transcriptomic analyses to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA-seq. We subsequently carried out Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate RNA-seq data. ABA content decreased during the whole dormancy removal process and GA3 content exhibited decreasing slightly and then increasing trend. RNA sequencing de novo assembly generated a total of 99,577 unigenes. 20,344 unigenes were differentially expressed in the whole dormancy release process. The qPCR results of 54 selected unigenes were consistent with the FPKM values obtained from RNA-seq. Our results summarize a valuable collection of gene expression profiles characterizing the dormancy release process. The DEGs are candidates for functional analyses of genes affecting the dormancy release, which is a precious resource for the on-going physiological and molecular investigation of seeds dormancy removal in other perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Horticulture College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Riwen Fei
- Horticulture College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijing Chen
- Forestry College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuanzhu Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Horticulture College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Forestry College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Wen Z, Mei Y, Zhou J, Cui Y, Wang D, Wang NN. SAUR49 Can Positively Regulate Leaf Senescence by Suppressing SSPP in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:644-658. [PMID: 31851355 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA (SAUR) proteins in leaf senescence has been more and more acknowledged, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we performed yeast two-hybrid assays and identified SAUR49 as an interactor of SENESCENCE SUPPRESSED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (SSPP), which is a PP2C protein phosphatase that negatively regulates Arabidopsis leaf senescence by suppressing the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SARK), as reported previously by our group. The interaction between SAUR49 and SSPP was further confirmed in planta. Functional characterization revealed that SAUR49 is a positive regulator of leaf senescence. The accumulation level of SAUR49 protein increased during natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The transcript level of SAUR49 was upregulated during SARK-induced premature leaf senescence but downregulated during SSPP-mediated delayed leaf senescence. Overexpression of SAUR49 significantly accelerated both natural and dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. More importantly, SAUR49 overexpression completely reversed SSPP-induced delayed leaf senescence. In addition, overexpression of SAUR49 reversed the decreased plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity mediated by SSPP. Taken together, the results showed that SAUR49 functions in accelerating the leaf senescence process via the activation of SARK-mediated leaf senescence signaling by suppressing SSPP. We further identified four other SSPP-interacting SAURs, SAUR30, SAUR39, SAUR41 and SAUR72, that may act redundantly with SAUR49 in regulating leaf senescence. All these observations indicated that certain members of the SAUR family may serve as an important hub that integrates various hormonal and environmental signals with senescence signals in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanjiao Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Lee ZH, Tatsumi Y, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki T, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Yamaguchi N, Ito T. CRABS CLAW and SUPERMAN Coordinate Hormone-, Stress-, and Metabolic-Related Gene Expression During Arabidopsis Stamen Development. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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77
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Wang Z, Yang L, Liu Z, Lu M, Wang M, Sun Q, Lan Y, Shi T, Wu D, Hua J. Natural variations of growth thermo-responsiveness determined by SAUR26/27/28 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:291-305. [PMID: 31127632 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
How diversity in growth thermo-responsiveness is generated for local adaptation is a long-standing biological question. We investigated molecular genetic basis of natural variations in thermo-responsiveness of plant architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. We measured the extent of rosette architecture at 22°C and 28°C in a set of 69 natural accessions and determined their thermo-responsiveness of plant architecture. A genome-wide association study was performed to identify major loci for variations in thermo-responsiveness. The SAUR26 subfamily, a new subfamily of SAUR genes, was identified as a major locus for the thermo-responsive architecture variations. The expression of SAUR26/27/28 is modulated by temperature and PIF4. Extensive natural polymorphisms in these genes affect their RNA expression levels and protein activities and influence the thermo-responsiveness of plant architecture. In addition, the SAUR26 subfamily genes exhibit a high variation frequency and their variations are associated with the local temperature climate. This study reveals that the SAUR26 subfamily is a key variation for thermo-responsive architecture and suggests a preference for generating diversity for local adaptation through signaling connectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Wang
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Leiyun Yang
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yiheng Lan
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Wong JH, Spartz AK, Park MY, Du M, Gray WM. Mutation of a Conserved Motif of PP2C.D Phosphatases Confers SAUR Immunity and Constitutive Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:353-366. [PMID: 31311832 PMCID: PMC6716246 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin promotes the growth of plant shoots by stimulating cell expansion via plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activation, which facilitates cell wall loosening and solute uptake. Mechanistic insight was recently obtained by demonstrating that auxin-induced SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) proteins inhibit D-CLADE TYPE 2C PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (PP2C.D) activity, thereby trapping PM H+-ATPases in the phosphorylated, activated state, but how SAURs bind PP2C.D proteins and inhibit their activity is unknown. Here, we identified a highly conserved motif near the C-terminal region of the PP2C.D catalytic domain that is required for SAUR binding in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Missense mutations in this motif abolished SAUR binding but had no apparent effect on catalytic activity. Consequently, mutant PP2C.D proteins that could not bind SAURs exhibited constitutive activity, as they were immune to SAUR inhibition. In planta expression of SAUR-immune pp2c.d2 or pp2c.d5 derivatives conferred severe cell expansion defects and corresponding constitutively low levels of PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation. These growth defects were not alleviated by either auxin treatment or 35S:StrepII-SAUR19 coexpression. In contrast, a PM H+-ATPase gain-of-function mutation that results in a constitutively active H+ pump partially suppressed SAUR-immune pp2c.d5 phenotypes, demonstrating that impaired PM H+-ATPase function is largely responsible for the reduced growth of the SAUR-immune pp2c.d5 mutant. Together, these findings provide crucial genetic support for SAUR-PP2C.D regulation of cell expansion via modulation of PM H+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, SAUR-immune pp2c.d derivatives provide new genetic tools for elucidating SAUR and PP2C.D functions and manipulating plant organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeh Haur Wong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Angela K Spartz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Mee Yeon Park
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Minmin Du
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Yan H, Sheng M, Wang C, Liu Y, Yang J, Liu F, Xu W, Su Z. AtSPX1-mediated transcriptional regulation during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:238-246. [PMID: 31128694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf growth, a highly coordinated and complicated process. Phosphorus as an essential macronutrient for plant growth is remobilized from senescing leaves to other vigorous parts of the plant. In this study, through data mining, we found some phosphate starvation induced genes such as AtSPX1, were significantly induced in aging leaves in Arabidopsis. We applied a reverse genetics approach to investigate the phenotypes of transgenic plants and mutant plants, and the results showed that the overexpression of AtSPX1 accelerated leaf senescence, suppressed Pi accumulation, promoted SA production and H2O2 levels in leaves, while the mutant lines of AtSPX1 showed slightly delayed leaf senescence. We conducted RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis together with GO and GSEA enrichment analyses for transgenic vs. wild-type plants to elucidate the possible underlying regulatory mechanism. The 558 genes that were up-regulated in the overexpression plants 35S::AtSPX1/WT, were significantly enriched in the process of leaf senescence, Pi starvation responses and SA signaling pathways, as were the target genes of some transcription factors such as WRKYs and NACs. In a word, we characterized AtSPX1 as a key regulator, which mediated the crosstalks among leaf senescence, Pi starvation and SA signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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80
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Zhu Z, Li G, Yan C, Liu L, Zhang Q, Han Z, Li B. DRL1, Encoding A NAC Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Leaf Senescence in Grapevine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112678. [PMID: 31151316 PMCID: PMC6600502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (for NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) proteins family are plant-specific transcription factors, which play important roles in leaf development and response to environmental stresses. In this study, an NAC gene, DRL1, isolated from grapevine Vitis vinifera L. "Yatomi Rose", was shown to be involved in leaf senescence. The quantity of DRL1 transcripts decreased with advancing leaf senescence in grapevine. Overexpressing the DRL1 gene in tobacco plants significantly delayed leaf senescence with respect to chlorophyll concentration, potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and ion leakage. Moreover, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) markedly reduced the expression of DRL1, and the ABA and salicylic acid (SA) concentration was lower in the DRL1-overexpressing transgenic plants than in the wild-type plants. The DRL1 transgenic plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to ABA-induced senescence but no significant change in the sensitivity to jasmonic acid-, SA- or ethylene-induced senescence. Transcriptomic analysis and RNA expression studies also indicated that the transcript abundance of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and regulation, including 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED1), NCED5, zeaxanthin epoxidase1 (ZEP1), ABA DEFICIENT2 (ABA2), ABA4, and ABA INSENSITIVE 2 (ABI2), was markedly reduced in the DRL1-overexpressing plants. These results suggested that DRL1 plays a role as a negative regulator of leaf senescence by regulating ABA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Zhu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Chaohui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Qingtian Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Zhen Han
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
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81
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Piao W, Kim SH, Lee BD, An G, Sakuraba Y, Paek NC. Rice transcription factor OsMYB102 delays leaf senescence by down-regulating abscisic acid accumulation and signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2699-2715. [PMID: 30825376 PMCID: PMC6506775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MYB-type transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, and in the responses to several abiotic stresses. In rice (Oryza sativa), the roles of MYB-related TFs in leaf senescence are not well documented. Here, we examined rice MYB TF gene OsMYB102 and found that an OsMYB102 T-DNA activation-tagged line (termed osmyb102-D), which constitutively expresses OsMYB102 under the control of four tandem repeats of the 35S promoter, and OsMYB102-overexpressing transgenic lines (35S:OsMYB102 and 35S:GFP-OsMYB102) maintain green leaves much longer than the wild-type under natural, dark-induced, and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced senescence conditions. Moreover, an osmyb102 knockout mutant showed an accelerated senescence phenotype under dark-induced and ABA-induced leaf senescence conditions. Microarray analysis showed that a variety of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were down-regulated in the osmyb102-D line. Further studies demonstrated that overexpression of OsMYB102 controls the expression of SAGs, including genes associated with ABA degradation and ABA signaling (OsABF4, OsNAP, and OsCYP707A6), under dark-induced senescence conditions. OsMYB102 inhibits ABA accumulation by directly activating the transcription of OsCYP707A6, which encodes the ABA catabolic enzyme ABSCISIC ACID 8'-HYDROXYLASE. OsMYB102 also indirectly represses ABA-responsive genes, such as OsABF4 and OsNAP. Collectively, these results demonstrate that OsMYB102 plays a critical role in leaf senescence by down-regulating ABA accumulation and ABA signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Piao
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Doo Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
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82
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Ma X, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B. Tomato fruit ripening factor NOR controls leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2727-2740. [PMID: 31002305 PMCID: PMC6506771 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of expressional reprogramming during plant development, stress responses, and leaf senescence. NAC TFs also play important roles in fruit ripening. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one of the best characterized NACs involved in fruit ripening is NON-RIPENING (NOR), and the non-ripening (nor) mutation has been widely used to extend fruit shelf life in elite varieties. Here, we show that NOR additionally controls leaf senescence. Expression of NOR increases with leaf age, and developmental as well as dark-induced senescence are delayed in the nor mutant, while overexpression of NOR promotes leaf senescence. Genes associated with chlorophyll degradation as well as senescence-associated genes (SAGs) show reduced and elevated expression, respectively, in nor mutants and NOR overexpressors. Overexpression of NOR also stimulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. In tomato, NOR supports senescence by directly and positively regulating the expression of several senescence-associated genes including, besides others, SlSAG15 and SlSAG113, SlSGR1, and SlYLS4. Finally, we find that another senescence control NAC TF, namely SlNAP2, acts upstream of NOR to regulate its expression. Our data support a model whereby NAC TFs have often been recruited by higher plants for both the control of leaf senescence and fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Haus, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Haus, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Haus, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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83
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Zheng X, Jehanzeb M, Zhang Y, Li L, Miao Y. Characterization of S40-like proteins and their roles in response to environmental cues and leaf senescence in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:174. [PMID: 31046677 PMCID: PMC6498481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence affects the quality and yield of plants by regulating different traits of plants. A few members of S40 gene family, the barley HvS40 and the Arabidopsis AtS40-3, have been shown to play a role in leaf senescence in Barley and Arabidopsis. Although we previously reported that S40 family exist in most of plants, up to now, no more function of S40 members in plant has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to provide the senescence related information of S40 gene family in rice as rice is a major crop that feeds about half of the human population in the world. RESULTS A total of 16 OsS40 genes were identified from the genome database of Oryza sativa L. japonica by bioinformatics analysis. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the 16 OsS40 proteins are classified into five groups, and 4 of the 16 members belong to group I to which also the HvS40 and AtS40-3 is assigned. S40 genes of rice show high structural similarities, as 13 out of the 16 genes have no intron and the other 3 genes have only 1 or 2 introns. The expression patterns of OsS40 genes were analyzed during natural as well as stress-induced leaf senescence in correspondence with senescence marker genes. We found that 6 of them displayed differential but clearly up-regulated transcript profiles under diverse situations of senescence, including darkness, nitrogen deficiency, hormone treatments as well as pathogen infection. Furthermore, three OsS40 proteins were identified as nuclear located proteins by transient protoplast transformation assay. CONCLUSIONS Taking all findings together, we concluded that OsS40-1, OsS40-2, OsS40-12 and OsS40-14 genes have potential regulatory function of crosstalk among abiotic, biotic and developmental senescence in rice. Our results provide valuable baseline for functional validation studies of the rice S40 genes in rice leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Jehanzeb
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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84
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Nowicka B. Target genes for plant productivity improvement. J Biotechnol 2019; 298:21-34. [PMID: 30978366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the development of high-yielding varieties enabled substantial increase in crop productivity during the 20th century. However, the increase in yield over the last two decades has been slower. It is thought that further improvement in productivity of the major crop species using traditional cultivation methods is limited. Therefore, the use of genetic engineering seems to be a promising approach. There is ongoing research concerning genes that have an impact on plant growth, development and yield. The proteins and miRNAs encoded by these genes participate in a variety of processes, such as growth regulation, assimilate transport and partitioning as well as macronutrient uptake and metabolism. This paper presents the major directions in research concerning genes that may be targets of genetic engineering aimed to improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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85
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Akhter D, Qin R, Nath UK, Eshag J, Jin X, Shi C. Transcriptional Profile Corroborates that bml Mutant Plays likely Role in Premature Leaf Senescence of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071708. [PMID: 30959810 PMCID: PMC6480502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last period of leaf growth and a dynamic procedure associated with its death. The adaptability of the plants to changing environments occurs thanks to leaf senescence. Hence, transcriptional profiling is important to figure out the exact mechanisms of inducing leaf senescence in a particular crop, such as rice. From this perspective, leaf samples of two different rice genotypes, the brown midrib leaf (bml) mutant and its wild type (WT) were sampled for transcriptional profiling to identify differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 2670 DEGs, among which 1657 genes were up- and 1013 genes were down-regulated. These DEGs were enriched in binding and catalytic activity, followed by the single organism process and metabolic process through gene ontology (GO), while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were related to the plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthetic pathway enrichment. The expression pattern and the clustering of DEGs revealed that the WRKY and NAC family, as well as zinc finger transcription factors, had greater effects on early-senescence of leaf compared to other transcription factors. These findings will help to elucidate the precise functional role of bml rice mutant in the early-leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delara Akhter
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Ran Qin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Jamal Eshag
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunhai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Shin JH, Mila I, Liu M, Rodrigues MA, Vernoux T, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M. The RIN-regulated Small Auxin-Up RNA SAUR69 is involved in the unripe-to-ripe phase transition of tomato fruit via enhancement of the sensitivity to ethylene. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:820-836. [PMID: 30511456 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is the main hormone controlling climacteric fruit ripening; however, the mechanisms underlying the developmental transition leading to the initiation of the ripening process remain elusive, although the presumed role of active hormone interplay has often been postulated. To unravel the putative role of auxin in the unripe-to-ripe transition, we investigated the dynamics of auxin activity in tomato fruit and addressed the physiological significance of Sl-SAUR69, previously identified as a RIN target gene, using reverse genetics approaches. Auxin signalling undergoes dramatic decline at the onset of ripening in wild-type fruit, but not in the nonripening rin mutant. Sl-SAUR69 exhibits reduced expression in rin and its up-regulation results in premature initiation of ripening, whereas its down-regulation extends the time to ripening. Overexpression of Sl-SAUR69 reduces proton pump activity and polar auxin transport, and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis alters auxin transporter abundance, further arguing for its active role in the regulation of auxin transport. The data support a model in which Sl-SAUR69 represses auxin transport, thus generating auxin minima, which results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity. This defines a regulation loop, fed by ethylene and auxin as the main hormonal signals and by RIN and Sl-SAUR69 as modulators of the balance between the two hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hye Shin
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Isabelle Mila
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Maria Aurineide Rodrigues
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 11461, Brazil
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Julien Pirrello
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
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87
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Déchaumet S, Bouchereau A, Kim TH, Lee BR, Macquart F, Hara-Nishimura I, Avice JC. A Genotypic Comparison Reveals That the Improvement in Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency in Oilseed Rape Leaves Is Related to Specific Patterns of Senescence-Associated Protease Activities and Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30778361 PMCID: PMC6369165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an oleoproteaginous crop characterized by low N use efficiency (NUE) that is mainly related to a weak Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency (NRE) during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stages. Based on the hypothesis that proteolysis efficiency is crucial for the improvement of leafNRE, our objective was to characterize key senescence-associated proteolytic mechanisms of two genotypes (Ténor and Samouraï) previously identified with contrasting NREs. To reach this goal, biochemical changes, protease activities and phytohormone patterns were studied in mature leaves undergoing senescence in two genotypes with contrasting NRE cultivated in a greenhouse under limiting or ample nitrate supply. The genotype with the higher NRE (Ténor) possessed enhanced senescence processes in response to nitrate limitation, and this led to greater degradation of soluble proteins compared to the other genotype (Samouraï). This efficient proteolysis is associated with (i) an increase in serine and cysteine protease (CP) activities and (ii) the appearance of new CP activities (RD21-like, SAG12-like, RD19-like, cathepsin-B, XBCP3-like and aleurain-like proteases) during senescence induced by N limitation. Compared to Samouraï, Ténor has a higher hormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes senescence, particularly under low N conditions, and this is correlated with the stronger protein degradation and serine/CP activities observed during senescence. Short statement: The improvement in N recycling during leaf senescence in a genotype of Brassica napus L. characterized by a high nitrogen remobilization efficiency is related to a high phytohormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes leaf senescence and is correlated with an increase or the induction of specific serine and cysteine protease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sylvain Déchaumet
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Flavien Macquart
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Okamoto, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
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Liu P, Zhang S, Zhou B, Luo X, Zhou XF, Cai B, Jin YH, Niu D, Lin J, Cao X, Jin JB. The Histone H3K4 Demethylase JMJ16 Represses Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:430-443. [PMID: 30712008 PMCID: PMC6447021 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is governed by a complex regulatory network involving the dynamic reprogramming of gene expression. Age-dependent induction of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) is associated with increased levels of trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys4 (H3K4me3), but the regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that JMJ16, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) JmjC-domain containing protein, is a specific H3K4 demethylase that negatively regulates leaf senescence through its enzymatic activity. Genome-wide analysis revealed a widespread coordinated upregulation of gene expression and hypermethylation of H3K4me3 at JMJ16 binding genes associated with leaf senescence in the loss-of-function jmj16 mutant as compared with the wild type. Genetic analysis indicated that JMJ16 negatively regulates leaf senescence, at least partly through repressing the expression of positive regulators of leaf senescence, WRKY53 and SAG201 JMJ16 associates with WRKY53 and SAG201 and represses their precocious expression in mature leaves by reducing H3K4me3 levels at these loci. The protein abundance of JMJ16 gradually decreases during aging, which is correlated with increased H3K4me3 levels at WRKY53 and SAG201, suggesting that the age-dependent downregulation of JMJ16 is required for the precise transcriptional activation of SAGs during leaf senescence. Thus, JMJ16 is an important regulator of leaf senescence that demethylates H3K4 at SAGs in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shuaibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao Feng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yin Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - De Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- China College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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89
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Stortenbeker N, Bemer M. The SAUR gene family: the plant's toolbox for adaptation of growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:17-27. [PMID: 30239806 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The family of small auxin up-regulated RNA (SAUR) genes is a family of auxin-responsive genes with ~60-140 members in most higher plant species. Despite the early discovery of their auxin responsiveness, their function and mode of action remained unknown for a long time. In recent years, the importance of SAUR genes in the regulation of dynamic and adaptive growth, and the molecular mechanisms by which SAUR proteins act are increasingly well understood. SAURs play a central role in auxin-induced acid growth, but can also act independently of auxin, tissue specifically regulated by various other hormone pathways and transcription factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the characterization of the SAUR genes in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We particularly elaborate on their capacity to fine-tune growth in response to internal and external signals, and discuss the breakthroughs in understanding the mode of action of SAURs in relation to their complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Stortenbeker
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bemer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hong L, Zhang L, Liu M, Wang S, He L, Yang W, Li J, Yu Q, Li QQ, Zhou K. Heavy metal rich stone-processing wastewater inhibits the growth and development of plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 21:479-486. [PMID: 30560684 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1537241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of wastewater are generated from stone processing, which are toxic and cause serious environmental and health risks. To quantify the content of stone processing wastewater and estimate its effects on plant growth, we collected water samples from sewage outfall of four stone processing factories and nearby water bodies. The concentration of potential toxic metals were much higher in the wastewater than background controls. Wastewater inhibited plant primary root elongation, lateral root formation, and growth of aerial part. Seedlings treated with the effluents were unhealthy with deep purple leaves and usually died before flowering. Chlorophyll a/b contents and chloroplast number were reduced in those abnormal mesophyll cells. Transcriptional levels were decreased for chloroplast formation genes, but increased for those participated in chloroplast degradation and catabolism. Six out of nine tested senescence-associated genes were up-regulated. Furthermore, our results show that endogenous toxic metal levels indeed increased after wastewater treatment. Altogether, these results indicated that the potential toxic metals rich wastewater had significant inhibition on plant growth and led to senescence-associated program cell death, which could be helpful for the government and enterprises to understand the environmental risks and formulate reasonable wastewater emission standards for the stone processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Hong
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Liangjie Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Meiling Liu
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Linjun He
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Wanyu Yang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Jingli Li
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Qiaojie Yu
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
- b Graduate College , Western University of Health Science , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - Kefu Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
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91
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Ojangu EL, Ilau B, Tanner K, Talts K, Ihoma E, Dolja VV, Paves H, Truve E. Class XI Myosins Contribute to Auxin Response and Senescence-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1570. [PMID: 30538710 PMCID: PMC6277483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and dynamics of actin cytoskeleton is necessary not only for plant cell architecture but also for membrane trafficking-mediated processes such as polar auxin transport, senescence, and cell death. In Arabidopsis, the inactivation of actin-based molecular motors, class XI myosins, affects the membrane trafficking and integrity of actin cytoskeleton, and thus causes defective plant growth and morphology, altered lifespan and reduced fertility. To evaluate the potential contribution of class XI myosins to the auxin response, senescence and cell death, we followed the flower and leaf development in the triple gene knockout mutant xi1 xi2 xik (3KO) and in rescued line stably expressing myosin XI-K:YFP (3KOR). Assessing the development of primary inflorescence shoots we found that the 3KO plants produced more axillary branches. Exploiting the auxin-dependent reporters DR5::GUS and IAA2::GUS, a significant reduction in auxin responsiveness was found throughout the development of the 3KO plants. Examination of the flower development of the plants stably expressing the auxin transporter PIN1::PIN1-GFP revealed partial loss of PIN1 polarization in developing 3KO pistils. Surprisingly, the stable expression of PIN1::PIN1-GFP significantly enhanced the semi-sterile phenotype of the 3KO plants. Further we investigated the localization of myosin XI-K:YFP in the 3KOR floral organs and revealed its expression pattern in floral primordia, developing pistils, and anther filaments. Interestingly, the XI-K:YFP and PIN1::PIN1-GFP shared partially overlapping but distinct expression patterns throughout floral development. Assessing the foliar development of the 3KO plants revealed increased rosette leaf production with signs of premature yellowing. Symptoms of the premature senescence correlated with massive loss of chlorophyll, increased cell death, early plasmolysis of epidermal cells, and strong up-regulation of the stress-inducible senescence-associated gene SAG13 in 3KO plants. Simultaneously, the reduced auxin responsiveness and premature leaf senescence were accompanied by significant anthocyanin accumulation in 3KO tissues. Collectively, our results provide genetic evidences that Arabidopsis class XI myosins arrange the flower morphogenesis and leaf longevity via contributing to auxin responses, leaf senescence, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Ly Ojangu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Birger Ilau
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Krista Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Talts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eliis Ihoma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valerian V. Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Heiti Paves
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Erkki Truve
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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92
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He SL, Hsieh HL, Jauh GY. SMALL AUXIN UP RNA62/75 Are Required for the Translation of Transcripts Essential for Pollen Tube Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:626-640. [PMID: 30093526 PMCID: PMC6181030 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Successful pollen tube elongation is critical for double fertilization, but the biological functions of pollen tube genes and the regulatory machinery underlying this crucial process are largely unknown. A previous translatomic study revealed two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAUR (SMALL AUXIN UP RNA) genes, SAUR62 and SAUR75, whose expression is up-regulated by pollination. Here, we found that both SAUR62 and SAUR75 localized mainly to pollen tube nuclei. The siliques of homozygous saur62 (saur62/-), saur75 (saur75/-), and the SAUR62/75 RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown line had many aborted seeds. These lines had normal pollen viability but defective in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth, with branching phenotypes. Immunoprecipitation with transgenic SAUR62/75-GFP flowers revealed ribosomal protein RPL12 family members as potential interacting partners, and their individual interactions were confirmed further by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Polysome profiling showed reduced 80S ribosome abundance in homozygous saur62, saur75, ribosomal large subunit12c, and SAUR62/75 RNAi flowers, suggesting that SAUR62/75 play roles in ribosome assembly. To clarify their roles in translation, we analyzed total proteins from RNAi versus wild-type flowers by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, revealing significantly reduced expression of factors participating in pollen tube wall biogenesis and F-actin dynamics, which are critical for the elastic properties of tube elongation. Indeed, RNAi pollen tubes showed mislocalization of deesterified and esterified pectins and F-actin organization. Thus, the biological roles of SAUR62/75 and their RPL12 partners are critical in ribosomal pre-60S subunit assembly for efficient pollen tube elongation and subsequent fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Luan He
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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93
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Ding Q, Cui B, Li J, Li H, Zhang Y, Lv X, Qiu N, Liu L, Wang F, Gao J. Ectopic expression of a Brassica rapa AINTEGUMENTA gene (BrANT-1) increases organ size and stomatal density in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10528. [PMID: 30002453 PMCID: PMC6043548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) family plays a central role in regulating the growth and development of organs in many plants. However, little is known about the characteristics and functions of the AIL family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). In this study, a genome-wide analysis was performed to identify the members of the AIL family in Chinese cabbage. We identified three ANT genes and six ANT-like genes of Chinese cabbage, most of which were differentially expressed in different organs or tissues. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type line, the size of different organs in the 35S-BrANT-1 line was significantly increased by promoting cell proliferation. Meanwhile, over-expression of BrANT-1 also increases the stomatal number and delays the leaf senescence. Transcriptome analyses revealed that a set of cell proliferation and stoma development genes were up-regulated, while the senescence-associated genes were down-regulated, suggesting these genes may be involved in BrANT-1 regulated processes for controlling organ size, stomatal density and leaf senescence. In summary, this study offers important insights into the characteristics and functions of the ANT genes in Chinese cabbage, and provides a promising strategy to improve yield or head size in Chinese cabbage breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing Cui
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jingjuan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huayin Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fengde Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology and Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
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94
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Hu W, Yan H, Luo S, Pan F, Wang Y, Xiang Y. Genome-wide analysis of poplar SAUR gene family and expression profiles under cold, polyethylene glycol and indole-3-acetic acid treatments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 128:50-65. [PMID: 29758473 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) proteins play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Here, we identified 105 SAUR genes and comprehensively analyzed them in Populus trichocarpa. Based on the phylogenetic relationships, the PtSAURs were classified into ten subfamilies. Of the 105 PtSAURs, 100 were randomly distributed along the nineteen chromosomes, while the remaining genes were located along unassigned scafoolds. These genes mainly evolved through segmental duplications. In total, 94 PtSAURs contained no introns, and each group had a similar conserved motif structure. A promoter analysis revealed various cis-elements related to growth, development and stress responses, and a synteny analysis established orthologous relationships among SAURs in Arabidopsis, rice, grape and poplar. The qRT-PCR and tissue expression analyses indicated that PtSAURs show different expression levels in various tissues in response to different treatments. PtSAUR53 was located on the nuclear and plasma membrane by conducting subcellular localization analysis. This study provides a comprehensive overview of poplar SAUR proteins and a foundation for further investigations for functional analysis of SAURs in poplar growth and development. At the same time, it will be valuable to further study the poplar SAUR genes to reveal their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Hu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Improvement and Conversion, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Luo
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Feng Pan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Improvement and Conversion, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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95
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Gudys K, Guzy-Wrobelska J, Janiak A, Dziurka MA, Ostrowska A, Hura K, Jurczyk B, Żmuda K, Grzybkowska D, Śróbka J, Urban W, Biesaga-Koscielniak J, Filek M, Koscielniak J, Mikołajczak K, Ogrodowicz P, Krystkowiak K, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Szarejko I. Prioritization of Candidate Genes in QTL Regions for Physiological and Biochemical Traits Underlying Drought Response in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:769. [PMID: 29946328 PMCID: PMC6005862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most adverse abiotic factors limiting growth and productivity of crops. Among them is barley, ranked fourth cereal worldwide in terms of harvested acreage and production. Plants have evolved various mechanisms to cope with water deficit at different biological levels, but there is an enormous challenge to decipher genes responsible for particular complex phenotypic traits, in order to develop drought tolerant crops. This work presents a comprehensive approach for elucidation of molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in barley at the seedling stage of development. The study includes mapping of QTLs for physiological and biochemical traits associated with drought tolerance on a high-density function map, projection of QTL confidence intervals on barley physical map, and the retrievement of positional candidate genes (CGs), followed by their prioritization based on Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. A total of 64 QTLs for 25 physiological and biochemical traits that describe plant water status, photosynthetic efficiency, osmoprotectant and hormone content, as well as antioxidant activity, were positioned on a consensus map, constructed using RIL populations developed from the crosses between European and Syrian genotypes. The map contained a total of 875 SNP, SSR and CGs, spanning 941.86 cM with resolution of 1.1 cM. For the first time, QTLs for ethylene, glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, α-tocopherol, γ-tocotrienol content, and catalase activity, have been mapped in barley. Based on overlapping confidence intervals of QTLs, 11 hotspots were identified that enclosed more than 60% of mapped QTLs. Genetic and physical map integration allowed the identification of 1,101 positional CGs within the confidence intervals of drought response-specific QTLs. Prioritization resulted in the designation of 143 CGs, among them were genes encoding antioxidants, carboxylic acid biosynthesis enzymes, heat shock proteins, small auxin up-regulated RNAs, nitric oxide synthase, ATP sulfurylases, and proteins involved in regulation of flowering time. This global approach may be proposed for identification of new CGs that underlies QTLs responsible for complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Gudys
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Guzy-Wrobelska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał A. Dziurka
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Żmuda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Daria Grzybkowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Śróbka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Urban
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Biesaga-Koscielniak
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Filek
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Koscielniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Krystkowiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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96
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Guo Y, Jiang Q, Hu Z, Sun X, Fan S, Zhang H. Function of the auxin-responsive gene TaSAUR75 under salt and drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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97
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Zhang Q, Xia C, Zhang L, Dong C, Liu X, Kong X. Transcriptome Analysis of a Premature Leaf Senescence Mutant of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534430 PMCID: PMC5877643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important agronomic trait that affects both crop yield and quality. In this study, we characterized a premature leaf senescence mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, named m68. Genetic analysis showed that the leaf senescence phenotype of m68 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. We compared the transcriptome of wheat leaves between the wild type (WT) and the m68 mutant at four time points. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed many genes that were closely related to senescence genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that transcription factors and protein transport genes might function in the beginning of leaf senescence, while genes that were associated with chlorophyll and carbon metabolism might function in the later stage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the genes that are involved in plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched. Through expression pattern clustering of DEGs, we identified 1012 genes that were induced during senescence, and we found that the WRKY family and zinc finger transcription factors might be more important than other transcription factors in the early stage of leaf senescence. These results will not only support further gene cloning and functional analysis of m68, but also facilitate the study of leaf senescence in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chunhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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98
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Lim SD, Yim WC, Liu D, Hu R, Yang X, Cushman JC. A Vitis vinifera basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor enhances plant cell size, vegetative biomass and reproductive yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1595-1615. [PMID: 29520945 PMCID: PMC6096725 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for improving plant size are critical targets for plant biotechnology to increase vegetative biomass or reproductive yield. To improve biomass production, a codon-optimized helix-loop-helix transcription factor (VvCEB1opt ) from wine grape was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana resulting in significantly increased leaf number, leaf and rosette area, fresh weight and dry weight. Cell size, but typically not cell number, was increased in all tissues resulting in increased vegetative biomass and reproductive organ size, number and seed yield. Ionomic analysis of leaves revealed the VvCEB1opt -overexpressing plants had significantly elevated, K, S and Mo contents relative to control lines. Increased K content likely drives increased osmotic potential within cells leading to greater cellular growth and expansion. To understand the mechanistic basis of VvCEB1opt action, one transgenic line was genotyped using RNA-Seq mRNA expression profiling and revealed a novel transcriptional reprogramming network with significant changes in mRNA abundance for genes with functions in delayed flowering, pathogen-defence responses, iron homeostasis, vesicle-mediated cell wall formation and auxin-mediated signalling and responses. Direct testing of VvCEB1opt -overexpressing plants showed that they had significantly elevated auxin content and a significantly increased number of lateral leaf primordia within meristems relative to controls, confirming that cell expansion and organ number proliferation were likely an auxin-mediated process. VvCEB1opt overexpression in Nicotiana sylvestris also showed larger cells, organ size and biomass demonstrating the potential applicability of this innovative strategy for improving plant biomass and reproductive yield in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Don Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Won Choel Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Degao Liu
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Rongbin Hu
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
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99
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Wojciechowska N, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Plant organ senescence - regulation by manifold pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:167-181. [PMID: 29178615 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant ontogeny before death. Senescence may occur naturally because of age or may be induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite its destructive character, senescence is a precisely controlled process that follows a well-defined order. It is often inseparable from programmed cell death (PCD), and a correlation between these processes has been confirmed during the senescence of leaves and petals. Despite suggestions that senescence and PCD are two separate processes, with PCD occurring after senescence, cell death responsible for senescence is accompanied by numerous changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular levels, similar to other types of PCD. Independent of the plant organ analysed, these changes are focused on initiating the processes of cellular structural degradation via fluctuations in phytohormone levels and the activation of specific genes. Cellular structural degradation is genetically programmed and dependent on autophagy. Phytohormones/plant regulators are heavily involved in regulating the senescence of plant organs and can either promote [ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PAs)] or inhibit [cytokinins (CKs)] this process. Auxins and carbohydrates have been assigned a dual role in the regulation of senescence, and can both inhibit and stimulate the senescence process. In this review, we introduce the basic pathways that regulate senescence in plants and identify mechanisms involved in controlling senescence in ephemeral plant organs. Moreover, we demonstrate a universal nature of this process in different plant organs; despite this process occurring in organs that have completely different functions, it is very similar. Progress in this area is providing opportunities to revisit how, when and which way senescence is coordinated or decoupled by plant regulators in different organs and will provide a powerful tool for plant physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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100
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Kim J, Kim JH, Lyu JI, Woo HR, Lim PO. New insights into the regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:787-799. [PMID: 28992051 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo developmental changes throughout their life history. Senescence, the final stage in the life history of a leaf, is an important and unique developmental process whereby plants relocate nutrients from leaves to other developing organs, such as seeds, stems, or roots. Recent attempts to answer fundamental questions about leaf senescence have employed a combination of new ideas and advanced technologies. As senescence is an integral part of a plant's life history that is linked to earlier developmental stages, age-associated leaf senescence may be analysed from a life history perspective. The successful utilization of multi-omics approaches has resolved the complicated process of leaf senescence, replacing a component-based view with a network-based molecular mechanism that acts in a spatial-temporal manner. Senescence and death are critical for fitness and are thus evolved characters. Recent efforts have begun to focus on understanding the evolutionary basis of the developmental process that incorporates age information and environmental signals into a plant's survival strategy. This review describes recent insights into the regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence in terms of systems-level spatiotemporal changes, presenting them from the perspectives of life history strategy and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Lyu
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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