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Nam YJ, Herman D, Blomme J, Chae E, Kojima M, Coppens F, Storme V, Van Daele T, Dhondt S, Sakakibara H, Weigel D, Inzé D, Gonzalez N. Natural Variation of Molecular and Morphological Gibberellin Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:703-714. [PMID: 27879393 PMCID: PMC5210761 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although phytohormones such as gibberellins are essential for many conserved aspects of plant physiology and development, plants vary greatly in their responses to these regulatory compounds. Here, we use genetic perturbation of endogenous gibberellin levels to probe the extent of intraspecific variation in gibberellin responses in natural accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We find that these accessions vary greatly in their ability to buffer the effects of overexpression of GA20ox1, encoding a rate-limiting enzyme for gibberellin biosynthesis, with substantial differences in bioactive gibberellin concentrations as well as transcriptomes and growth trajectories. These findings demonstrate a surprising level of flexibility in the wiring of regulatory networks underlying hormone metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jeong Nam
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Twiggy Van Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.);
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
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Huang XQ, Zhao L, Rui JD, Zhou CF, Zhuang Z, Lu S. At5g19540 Encodes a Novel Protein That Affects Pigment Metabolism and Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2140. [PMID: 29312395 PMCID: PMC5742152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids not only function in photosynthesis and photoprotection but are also involved in the assembly of thylakoid membranes and the stabilization of apoproteins in photosystems. In this study, we identified a nuclear gene required for chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism, namely, DWARF AND YELLOW 1 (DY1). Growth of the loss-of-function dy1 mutant was severely retarded, and the seedlings of this mutant accumulated significantly less amounts of both chlorophylls and carotenoids in cotyledons and rosette leaves, although genes related to pigment metabolism did not show corresponding fluctuation at the transcriptional level. In chloroplasts of the dy1 leaves, thylakoids were loosely packed into grana. The dy1 mutant also possessed severely impaired photosynthetic and photoprotective abilities. DY1 encodes a chloroplast stroma protein that is highly conserved in vascular plants. Our results demonstrated that after the full-length DY1 (53 kDa) was imported into the chloroplast and its N-terminal transit peptide was processed, the C-terminal end of this premature DY1 (42 kDa) was also removed during the maturation of rosette leaves, resulting in a 24-kDa mature peptide. Our blue native PAGE and Western blot analyses showed the presence of both premature and mature forms of DY1 in protein complexes. The involvement of DY1 in chloroplast development is discussed.
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53
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Xue X, Wang Q, Qu Y, Wu H, Dong F, Cao H, Wang HL, Xiao J, Shen Y, Wan Y. Development of the photosynthetic apparatus of Cunninghamia lanceolata in light and darkness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:300-313. [PMID: 27401059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we compared the development of dark- and light-grown Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) cotyledons, which synthesize chlorophyll in the dark, representing a different phenomenon from angiosperm model plants. We determined that the grana lamellar membranes were well developed in both chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts. The accumulation of thylakoid membrane protein complexes was similar between chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that photosystem II (PSII) had low photosynthetic activities, whereas the photosystem I (PSI)-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) rate exceeded the rate of PSII-mediated photon harvesting in etiochloroplasts. Analysis of the protein contents in etiochloroplasts indicated that the light-harvesting complex II remained mostly in its monomeric conformation. The ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase and NADH dehydrogenase-like complexes were relatively abundantly expressed in etiochloroplasts for Chinese fir. Our transcriptome analysis contributes a global expression database for Chinese fir cotyledons, providing background information on the regulatory mechanisms of different genes involved in the development of dark- and light-grown cotyledons. In conclusion, we provide a novel description of the early developmental status of the light-dependent and light-independent photosynthetic apparatuses in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xue
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Qu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haoyan Cao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Briones-Moreno A, Hernández-García J, Vargas-Chávez C, Romero-Campero FJ, Romero JM, Valverde F, Blázquez MA. Evolutionary Analysis of DELLA-Associated Transcriptional Networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28487716 PMCID: PMC5404181 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are transcriptional regulators present in all land plants which have been shown to modulate the activity of over 100 transcription factors in Arabidopsis, involved in multiple physiological and developmental processes. It has been proposed that DELLAs transduce environmental information to pre-wired transcriptional circuits because their stability is regulated by gibberellins (GAs), whose homeostasis largely depends on environmental signals. The ability of GAs to promote DELLA degradation coincides with the origin of vascular plants, but the presence of DELLAs in other land plants poses at least two questions: what regulatory properties have DELLAs provided to the behavior of transcriptional networks in land plants, and how has the recruitment of DELLAs by GA signaling affected this regulation. To address these issues, we have constructed gene co-expression networks of four different organisms within the green lineage with different properties regarding DELLAs: Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum (both with GA-regulated DELLA proteins), Physcomitrella patens (with GA-independent DELLA proteins) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a green alga without DELLA), and we have examined the relative evolution of the subnetworks containing the potential DELLA-dependent transcriptomes. Network analysis indicates a relative increase in parameters associated with the degree of interconnectivity in the DELLA-associated subnetworks of land plants, with a stronger effect in species with GA-regulated DELLA proteins. These results suggest that DELLAs may have played a role in the coordination of multiple transcriptional programs along evolution, and the function of DELLAs as regulatory 'hubs' became further consolidated after their recruitment by GA signaling in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Briones-Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Vargas-Chávez
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Campero
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miguel A. Blázquez,
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55
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Kim K, Jeong J, Kim J, Lee N, Kim ME, Lee S, Chang Kim S, Choi G. PIF1 Regulates Plastid Development by Repressing Photosynthetic Genes in the Endodermis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1415-1427. [PMID: 27591813 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) induce a conversion of the endodermal amyloplasts necessary for gravity sensing to plastids with developed thylakoids accompanied by abnormal activation of photosynthetic genes in the dark. In this study, we investigated how PIFs regulate endodermal plastid development by performing comparative transcriptome analysis. We show that both endodermal expression of PIF1 and global expression of the PIF quartet induce transcriptional changes in genes enriched for nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes such as LHCA and LHCB. Among the 94 shared differentially expressed genes identified from the comparative transcriptome analysis, only 14 genes are demonstrated to be direct targets of PIF1, and most photosynthetic genes are not. Using a co-expression analysis, we identified a direct target of PIF, whose expression pattern shows a strong negative correlation with many photosynthetic genes. We have named this gene REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES1 (RPGE1). Endodermal expression of RPGE1 rescued the elevated expression of photosynthetic genes found in the pif quadruple (pifQ) mutant and partly restored amyloplast development and hypocotyl negative gravitropism. Taken together, our results indicate that RPGE1 acts downstream of PIF1 in the endodermis to repress photosynthetic genes and regulate plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkil Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongheon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eon Kim
- Center for Gas Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Lee
- Center for Gas Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kambakam S, Bhattacharjee U, Petrich J, Rodermel S. PTOX Mediates Novel Pathways of Electron Transport in Etioplasts of Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1240-1259. [PMID: 27353362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The immutans (im) variegation mutant of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), a versatile plastoquinol oxidase in chloroplast membranes. In this report we used im to gain insight into the function of PTOX in etioplasts of dark-grown seedlings. We discovered that PTOX helps control the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in these organelles, and that it plays an essential role in etioplast metabolism by participating in the desaturation reactions of carotenogenesis and in one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) and NDH (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase), both of which are central players in cyclic electron transport. We propose that these elements couple PTOX with electron flow from NAD(P)H to oxygen, and by analogy to chlororespiration (in chloroplasts) and chromorespiration (in chromoplasts), we suggest that they define a respiratory process in etioplasts that we have termed "etiorespiration". We further show that the redox state of the PQ pool in etioplasts might control chlorophyll biosynthesis, perhaps by participating in mechanisms of retrograde (plastid-to-nucleus) signaling that coordinate biosynthetic and photoprotective activities required to poise the etioplast for light development. We conclude that PTOX is an important component of metabolism and redox sensing in etioplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar Kambakam
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Jacob Petrich
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve Rodermel
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 445 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Wild M, Davière JM, Regnault T, Sakvarelidze-Achard L, Carrera E, Lopez Diaz I, Cayrel A, Dubeaux G, Vert G, Achard P. Tissue-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin Signaling Fine-Tunes Arabidopsis Iron-Deficiency Responses. Dev Cell 2016; 37:190-200. [PMID: 27093087 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for most living organisms. Plants acquire iron from the rhizosphere and have evolved different biochemical and developmental responses to adapt to a low-iron environment. In Arabidopsis, FIT encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that activates the expression of iron-uptake genes in root epidermis upon iron deficiency. Here, we report that the gibberellin (GA)-signaling DELLA repressors contribute substantially in the adaptive responses to iron-deficient conditions. When iron availability decreases, DELLAs accumulate in the root meristem, thereby restraining root growth, while being progressively excluded from epidermal cells in the root differentiation zone. Such DELLA exclusion from the site of iron acquisition relieves FIT from DELLA-dependent inhibition and therefore promotes iron uptake. Consistent with this mechanism, expression of a non-GA-degradable DELLA mutant protein in root epidermis interferes with iron acquisition. Hence, spatial distribution of DELLAs in roots is essential to fine-tune the adaptive responses to iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wild
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Associé avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Associé avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Regnault
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Associé avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Associé avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Lopez Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anne Cayrel
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Dubeaux
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Associé avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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58
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Li M, An F, Li W, Ma M, Feng Y, Zhang X, Guo H. DELLA proteins interact with FLC to repress flowering transition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:642-55. [PMID: 26584710 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a highly orchestrated and extremely critical process in a plant's life cycle. Previous study has demonstrated that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) integrate the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway and vernalization pathway in regulating flowering time, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In GA signaling pathway, DELLA proteins are a group of master transcriptional regulators, while in vernalization pathway FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a core transcriptional repressor that down-regulates the expression of SOC1 and FT. Here, we report that DELLA proteins interact with FLC in vitro and in vivo, and the LHRI domains of DELLAs and the C-terminus of MADS domain of FLC are required for these interactions. Phenotypic and gene expression analysis showed that mutation of FLC reduces while over-expression of FLC enhances the GA response in the flowering process. Further, DELLA-FLC interactions promote the repression ability of FLC on its target genes. In summary, these findings report that the interaction between MADS box transcription factor FLC and GRAS domain regulator DELLAs may integrate various signaling inputs in flowering time control, and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism both for FLC and DELLAs in regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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59
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Melo NKG, Bianchetti RE, Lira BS, Oliveira PMR, Zuccarelli R, Dias DLO, Demarco D, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Freschi L. Nitric Oxide, Ethylene, and Auxin Cross Talk Mediates Greening and Plastid Development in Deetiolating Tomato Seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2278-94. [PMID: 26829981 PMCID: PMC4825133 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The transition from etiolated to green seedlings involves the conversion of etioplasts into mature chloroplasts via a multifaceted, light-driven process comprising multiple, tightly coordinated signaling networks. Here, we demonstrate that light-induced greening and chloroplast differentiation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings are mediated by an intricate cross talk among phytochromes, nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, and auxins. Genetic and pharmacological evidence indicated that either endogenously produced or exogenously applied NO promotes seedling greening by repressing ethylene biosynthesis and inducing auxin accumulation in tomato cotyledons. Analysis performed in hormonal tomato mutants also demonstrated that NO production itself is negatively and positively regulated by ethylene and auxins, respectively. Representing a major biosynthetic source of NO in tomato cotyledons, nitrate reductase was shown to be under strict control of both phytochrome and hormonal signals. A close NO-phytochrome interaction was revealed by the almost complete recovery of the etiolated phenotype of red light-grown seedlings of the tomato phytochrome-deficient aurea mutant upon NO fumigation. In this mutant, NO supplementation induced cotyledon greening, chloroplast differentiation, and hormonal and gene expression alterations similar to those detected in light-exposed wild-type seedlings. NO negatively impacted the transcript accumulation of genes encoding phytochromes, photomorphogenesis-repressor factors, and plastid division proteins, revealing that this free radical can mimic transcriptional changes typically triggered by phytochrome-dependent light perception. Therefore, our data indicate that negative and positive regulatory feedback loops orchestrate ethylene-NO and auxin-NO interactions, respectively, during the conversion of colorless etiolated seedlings into green, photosynthetically competent young plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nielda K G Melo
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Ricardo E Bianchetti
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Bruno S Lira
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Paulo M R Oliveira
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Rafael Zuccarelli
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Devisson L O Dias
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Diego Demarco
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Lazaro E P Peres
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil (N.K.G.M., R.E.B., B.S.L., P.M.R.O., R.Z., D.L.O.D., D.D., M.R., L.F.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil (L.E.P.P.)
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60
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Moreno JC, Cerda A, Simpson K, Lopez-Diaz I, Carrera E, Handford M, Stange C. Increased Nicotiana tabacum fitness through positive regulation of carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways promoted by Daucus carota lycopene β-cyclase (Dclcyb1) expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2325-38. [PMID: 26893492 PMCID: PMC4809289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, chlorophylls and gibberellins are derived from the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). One of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into β-carotene. In carrot, Dclcyb1 is essential for carotenoid synthesis in the whole plant. Here we show that when expressed in tobacco, increments in total carotenoids, β-carotene and chlorophyll levels occur. Furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency is enhanced in transgenic lines. Interestingly, and contrary to previous observations where overexpression of a carotenogenic gene resulted in the inhibition of the synthesis of gibberellins, we found raised levels of active GA4 and the concommitant increases in plant height, leaf size and whole plant biomass, as well as an early flowering phenotype. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression of the key carotenogenic genes, Ntpsy1, Ntpsy2 and Ntlcyb, as well as those involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll (Ntchl), gibberellin (Ntga20ox, Ntcps and Ntks) and isoprenoid precursors (Ntdxs2 and Ntggpps) was observed. These results indicate that the expression of Dclcyb1 induces a positive feedback affecting the expression of isoprenoid gene precursors and genes involved in carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways leading to an enhancement in fitness measured as biomass, photosynthetic efficiency and carotenoid/chlorophyll composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Moreno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile Current address: Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - A Cerda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Simpson
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Lopez-Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, C.S.I.C., Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - E Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, C.S.I.C., Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elío s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Handford
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Stange
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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61
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Kobayashi K, Masuda T. Transcriptional Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1811. [PMID: 27990150 PMCID: PMC5130987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) involves many enzymatic reactions that share several first steps for biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles such as heme, siroheme, and phycobilins. Chl allows photosynthetic organisms to capture light energy for photosynthesis but with simultaneous threat of photooxidative damage to cells. To prevent photodamage by Chl and its highly photoreactive intermediates, photosynthetic organisms have developed multiple levels of regulatory mechanisms to coordinate tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TPB) with the formation of photosynthetic and photoprotective systems and to fine-tune the metabolic flow with the varying needs of Chl and other tetrapyrroles under various developmental and environmental conditions. Among a wide range of regulatory mechanisms of TPB, this review summarizes transcriptional regulation of TPB genes during plant development, with focusing on several transcription factors characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Key TPB genes are tightly coexpressed with other photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are induced by light, oscillate in a diurnal and circadian manner, are coordinated with developmental and nutritional status, and are strongly downregulated in response to arrested chloroplast biogenesis. LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs, which are positive and negative transcription factors with a wide range of light signaling, respectively, target many TPB genes for light and circadian regulation. GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors directly regulate key TPB genes to fine-tune the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus with chloroplast functionality. Some transcription factors such as FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3, REVEILLE1, and scarecrow-like transcription factors may directly regulate some specific TPB genes, whereas other factors such as GATA transcription factors are likely to regulate TPB genes in an indirect manner. Comprehensive transcriptional analyses of TPB genes and detailed characterization of key transcriptional regulators help us obtain a whole picture of transcriptional control of TPB in response to environmental and endogenous cues.
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Wang WX, Lian HL, Zhang LD, Mao ZL, Li XM, Xu F, Li L, Yang HQ. Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Involvement of Both C and N Termini of Cryptochrome 1 in Its Regulation of Phytohormone-Responsive Gene Expression in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:294. [PMID: 27014317 PMCID: PMC4789503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRY) are blue-light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses in plants and animals. It has long been demonstrated that Arabidopsis CRY (CRY1 and CRY2) C termini (CCT1 and CCT2) mediate light signaling through direct interaction with COP1. Most recently, CRY1 N terminus (CNT1) has been found to be involved in CRY1 signaling independent of CCT1, and implicated in the inhibition of gibberellin acids (GA)/brassinosteroids (BR)/auxin-responsive gene expression. Here, we performed RNA-Seq assay using transgenic plants expressing CCT1 fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS-CCT1, abbreviated as CCT1), which exhibit a constitutively photomorphogenic phenotype, and compared the results with those obtained previously from cry1cry2 mutant and the transgenic plants expressing CNT1 fused to nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS)-tagged YFP (CNT1-NLS-YFP, abbreviated as CNT1), which display enhanced responsiveness to blue light. We found that 2903 (67.85%) of the CRY-regulated genes are regulated by CCT1 and that 1095 of these CCT1-regulated genes are also regulated by CNT1. After annotating the gene functions, we found that CCT1 is involved in mediating CRY1 regulation of phytohormone-responsive genes, like CNT1, and that about half of the up-regulated genes by GA/BR/auxin are down-regulated by CCT1 and CNT1, consistent with the antagonistic role for CRY1 and these phytohormones in regulating hypocotyl elongation. Physiological studies showed that both CCT1 and CNT1 are likely involved in mediating CRY1 reduction of seedlings sensitivity to GA under blue light. Furthermore, protein expression studies demonstrate that the inhibition of GA promotion of HY5 degradation by CRY1 is likely mediated by CCT1, but not by CNT1. These results give genome-wide transcriptome information concerning the signaling mechanism of CRY1, unraveling possible involvement of its C and N termini in its regulation of response of GA and likely other phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hong-Li Lian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Li-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Quan Yang
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63
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Liu Z, Boachon B, Lugan R, Tavares R, Erhardt M, Mutterer J, Demais V, Pateyron S, Brunaud V, Ohnishi T, Pencik A, Achard P, Gong F, Hedden P, Werck-Reichhart D, Renault H. A Conserved Cytochrome P450 Evolved in Seed Plants Regulates Flower Maturation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1751-1765. [PMID: 26388305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Global inspection of plant genomes identifies genes maintained in low copies across taxa and under strong purifying selection, which are likely to have essential functions. Based on this rationale, we investigated the function of the low-duplicated CYP715 cytochrome P450 gene family that appeared early in seed plants and evolved under strong negative selection. Arabidopsis CYP715A1 showed a restricted tissue-specific expression in the tapetum of flower buds and in the anther filaments upon anthesis. cyp715a1 insertion lines showed a strong defect in petal development, and transient alteration of pollen intine deposition. Comparative expression analysis revealed the downregulated expression of genes involved in pollen development, cell wall biogenesis, hormone homeostasis, and floral sesquiterpene biosynthesis, especially TPS21 and several key genes regulating floral development such as MYB21, MYB24, and MYC2. Accordingly, floral sesquiterpene emission was suppressed in the cyp715a1 mutants. Flower hormone profiling, in addition, indicated a modification of gibberellin homeostasis and a strong disturbance of the turnover of jasmonic acid derivatives. Petal growth was partially restored by the active gibberellin GA3 or the functional analog of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, coronatine. CYP715 appears to function as a key regulator of flower maturation, synchronizing petal expansion and volatile emission. It is thus expected to be an important determinant of flower-insect interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Boachon
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Lugan
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Erhardt
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Demais
- Plateforme d'Imagerie In Vitro, IFR 37 de Neurosciences, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Transcriptomic Platform, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Bioinformatics for Predictive Genomics, URGV, INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, CNRS, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Ales Pencik
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fan Gong
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter Hedden
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hugues Renault
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg, France; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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64
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Xu G, Guo H, Zhang D, Chen D, Jiang Z, Lin R. REVEILLE1 promotes NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A expression and seedling greening in Arabidopsis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:331-40. [PMID: 25910753 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthesis plays a crucial role in the greening process and survival of etiolated seedlings and yet the mechanism underlying the regulation of this process is poorly understood. Upon light stimulation, NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyzes the reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide. Whereas this represents a key step in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, the regulation of POR remains largely unknown. Three POR isoforms exist in Arabidopsis thaliana, i.e., PORA, PORB, and PORC. In this study, we identified a transcription factor, REVEILLE1 (RVE1), that binds directly to the PORA promoter through the EE-box cis-regulatory element. Analysis of PORA expression in RVE1 loss-of-function (rve1) and overexpression (RVE1-OX) Arabidopsis plants showed that RVE1 positively regulates the transcription of PORA. We found that Pchlide levels were reduced in RVE1-OX seedlings. Furthermore, rve1 etiolated seedlings had lower greening rates than the wild type when exposed to light, whereas RVE1-OX seedlings had higher greening rates. In addition, when etiolated seedlings were exposed to light, RVE1-OX plants had less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death than the wild type, and had reduced levels of ROS-responsive gene expression. Taken together, our study reveals an important role for RVE1 in regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and promoting seedling greening during early plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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65
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Hauvermale AL, Tuttle KM, Takebayashi Y, Seo M, Steber CM. Loss of Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Dormancy is Associated with Increased Accumulation of the GID1 GA Hormone Receptors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1773-85. [PMID: 26136598 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy prevents seeds from germinating under favorable conditions until they have experienced dormancy-breaking conditions, such as after-ripening through a period of dry storage or cold imbibition. Abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signaling establishes and maintains seed dormancy, whereas gibberellin (GA) signaling stimulates germination. ABA levels decrease and GA levels increase with after-ripening and cold stratification. However, increasing GA sensitivity may also be critical to dormancy loss since increasing seed GA levels are detectable only with long periods of after-ripening and imbibition. After-ripening and cold stratification act additively to enhance GA hormone sensitivity in ga1-3 seeds that cannot synthesize GA. Since the overexpression of the GA receptor GID1 (GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1) enhanced this dormancy loss, and because gid1a gid1b gid1c triple mutants show decreased germination, the effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on GID1 mRNA and protein accumulation were examined. Partial after-ripening resulted in increased GID1b, but not GID1a or GID1c mRNA levels. Cold imbibition stimulated the accumulation of all three GID1 transcripts, but resulted in no increase in GA sensitivity during ga1-3 seed germination unless seeds were also partially after-ripened. This is probably because after-ripening was needed to enhance GID1 protein accumulation, independently of transcript abundance. The rise in GID1b transcript with after-ripening was not associated with decreased ABA levels, suggesting there is ABA-independent GID1b regulation by after-ripening and the 26S proteasome. GA and the DELLA RGL2 repressor of GA responses differentially regulated the three GID1 transcripts. Moreover, DELLA RGL2 appeared to switch between positive and negative regulation of GID1 expression in response to dormancy-breaking treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
| | - Keiko M Tuttle
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Camille M Steber
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA, USA
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66
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Wang H, Wang H. Multifaceted roles of FHY3 and FAR1 in light signaling and beyond. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:453-61. [PMID: 25956482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1), initially identified as crucial components of phytochrome A (phyA)-mediated far-red (FR) light signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, are the founding members of the FAR1-related sequence (FRS) family of transcription factors present in most angiosperms. These proteins share extensive similarity with the Mutator-like transposases, indicative of their evolutionary history of 'molecular domestication'. Here we review emerging multifaceted roles of FHY3/FAR1 in diverse developmental and physiological processes, including UV-B signaling, circadian clock entrainment, flowering, chloroplast biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, programmed cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and branching. The domestication of FHY3/FAR1 may enable angiosperms to better integrate various endogenous and exogenous signals for coordinated regulation of growth and development, thus enhancing their fitness and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Huang D, Wang S, Zhang B, Shang-Guan K, Shi Y, Zhang D, Liu X, Wu K, Xu Z, Fu X, Zhou Y. A Gibberellin-Mediated DELLA-NAC Signaling Cascade Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1681-96. [PMID: 26002868 PMCID: PMC4498200 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, which can be converted into numerous industrial products, has important impacts on the global economy. It has long been known that cellulose synthesis in plants is tightly regulated by various phytohormones. However, the underlying mechanism of cellulose synthesis regulation remains elusive. Here, we show that in rice (Oryza sativa), gibberellin (GA) signals promote cellulose synthesis by relieving the interaction between SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), a DELLA repressor of GA signaling, and NACs, the top-layer transcription factors for secondary wall formation. Mutations in GA-related genes and physiological treatments altered the transcription of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE genes (CESAs) and the cellulose level. Multiple experiments demonstrated that transcription factors NAC29/31 and MYB61 are CESA regulators in rice; NAC29/31 directly regulates MYB61, which in turn activates CESA expression. This hierarchical regulation pathway is blocked by SLR1-NAC29/31 interactions. Based on the results of anatomical analysis and GA content examination in developing rice internodes, this signaling cascade was found to be modulated by varied endogenous GA levels and to be required for internode development. Genetic and gene expression analyses were further performed in Arabidopsis thaliana GA-related mutants. Altogether, our findings reveal a conserved mechanism by which GA regulates secondary wall cellulose synthesis in land plants and provide a strategy for manipulating cellulose production and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaogan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Keke Shang-Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zuopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Regulation and function of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants and algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:968-85. [PMID: 25979235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapyrroles are macrocyclic molecules with various structural variants and multiple functions in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Present knowledge about the metabolism of tetrapyrroles reflects the complex evolution of the pathway in different kingdoms of organisms, the complexity of structural and enzymatic variations of enzymatic steps, as well as a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, which ensure adequate synthesis of tetrapyrrole end-products at any time of development and environmental condition. This review intends to highlight new findings of research on tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants and algae. In the course of the heme and chlorophyll synthesis in these photosynthetic organisms, glutamate, one of the central and abundant metabolites, is converted into highly photoreactive tetrapyrrole intermediates. Thereby, several mechanisms of posttranslational control are thought to be essential for a tight regulation of each enzymatic step. Finally, we wish to discuss the potential role of tetrapyrroles in retrograde signaling and point out perspectives of the formation of macromolecular protein complexes in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis as an efficient mechanism to ensure a fine-tuned metabolic flow in the pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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69
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Hernández I, Munné-Bosch S. Linking phosphorus availability with photo-oxidative stress in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2889-900. [PMID: 25740928 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to circumvent the potential damaging effects of living under low phosphorus availability in the soil. These mechanisms include different levels of organization, from root-shoot signalling at the whole-plant level to specific biochemical responses at the subcellular level, such as reductions in photosynthesis and the consequent activation of photo- and antioxidant mechanisms in chloroplasts. Some recent studies clearly indicate that severe phosphorus deficiency can lead to alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus, including reductions in CO2 assimilation rates, a down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes and photoinhibition at the photosystem II level, thus causing potential photo-oxidative stress. Photo-oxidative stress is characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts, which at low concentrations can serve a signalling, protective role, but when present at high concentrations can cause damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, thus leading to irreversible injuries. We discuss here the mechanisms that phosphate-starved plants have evolved to withstand photo-oxidative stress, including changes at the subcellular level (e.g. activation of photo- and antioxidant protection mechanisms in chloroplasts), cellular and tissular levels (e.g. activation of photorespiration and anthocyanin accumulation) and whole-plant level (alterations in source-sink relationships modulated by hormones). Of particular importance is the current evidence demonstrating that phosphate-starved plants activate simultaneous responses at multiple levels, from transcriptional changes to root-shoot signalling, to prevent oxidative damage. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the occurrence of photo-oxidative stress in phosphate-starved plants and highlight the mechanisms these plants have evolved to prevent oxidative damage under phosphorus limitation at the subcellular, cellular and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Hernández
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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70
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Li K, Gao Z, He H, Terzaghi W, Fan LM, Deng XW, Chen H. Arabidopsis DET1 represses photomorphogenesis in part by negatively regulating DELLA protein abundance in darkness. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:622-30. [PMID: 25704163 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis De-etiolated 1 (DET1) is one of the key repressors that maintain the etiolated state of seedlings in darkness. The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) also participates in this process, and plants deficient in GA synthesis or signaling show a partially de-etiolated phenotype in darkness. However, how DET1 and the GA pathway work in concert in repressing photomorphogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the abundance of DELLA proteins in det1-1 was increased in comparison with that in the wild-type plants. Mutation in DET1 changed the sensitivity of hypocotyl elongation of mutant seedlings to GA and paclobutrazol (PAC), an inhibitor of GA synthesis. However, we did not find obvious differences between det1-1 and wild-type plants with regard to the bioactive GA content or the GA signaling upstream of DELLAs. Genetic data showed that removal of several DELLA proteins suppressed the det1-1 mutant phenotype more obviously than GA treatment, indicating that DET1 can regulate DELLA proteins via some other mechanisms. In addition, a large-scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that DET1 and DELLAs play antagonistic roles in regulating expression of photosynthetic and cell elongation-related genes in etiolated seedlings. Taken together, our results show that DET1 represses photomorphogenesis in darkness in part by reducing the abundance of DELLA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Li
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang He
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Liu-Min Fan
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA.
| | - Haodong Chen
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Wang J, Zhao Z, Sheng X, Yu H, Gu H. Influence of leaf-cover on visual quality and health-promoting phytochemicals in loose-curd cauliflower florets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arabidopsis OR proteins are the major posttranscriptional regulators of phytoene synthase in controlling carotenoid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3558-63. [PMID: 25675505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420831112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable natural pigments to plants and humans. Phytoene synthase (PSY), the rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and ORANGE (OR), a regulator of chromoplast differentiation and enhancer of carotenoid biosynthesis, represent two key proteins that control carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in plants. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying their posttranscriptional regulation. Here we report that PSY and OR family proteins [Arabidopsis thaliana OR (AtOR) and AtOR-like] physically interacted with each other in plastids. We found that alteration of OR expression in Arabidopsis exerted minimal effect on PSY transcript abundance. However, overexpression of AtOR significantly increased the amount of enzymatically active PSY, whereas an ator ator-like double mutant exhibited a dramatically reduced PSY level. The results indicate that the OR proteins serve as the major posttranscriptional regulators of PSY. The ator or ator-like single mutant had little effect on PSY protein levels, which involves a compensatory mechanism and suggests partial functional redundancy. In addition, modification of PSY expression resulted in altered AtOR protein levels, corroborating a mutual regulation of PSY and OR. Carotenoid content showed a correlated change with OR-mediated PSY level, demonstrating the function of OR in controlling carotenoid biosynthesis by regulating PSY. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which carotenoid biosynthesis is controlled via posttranscriptional regulation of PSY in plants.
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73
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Pogson BJ, Ganguly D, Albrecht-Borth V. Insights into chloroplast biogenesis and development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1017-24. [PMID: 25667967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid (which is the progenitor of all plastids), leucoplasts (group of colourless plastids important for storage including elaioplasts (lipids), amyloplasts (starch) or proteinoplasts (proteins)), chromoplasts (yellow to orange-coloured due to carotenoids, in flowers or in old leaves as gerontoplasts), and the green chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are indispensable for plant development; not only by performing photosynthesis and thus rendering the plant photoautotrophic, but also for biochemical processes (which in some instances can also take place in other plastids types), such as the synthesis of pigments, lipids, and plant hormones and sensing environmental stimuli. Although we understand many aspects of these processes there are gaps in our understanding of the establishment of functional chloroplasts and their regulation. Why is that so? Even though chloroplast function is comparable in all plants and most of the algae, ferns and moss, detailed analyses have revealed many differences, specifically with respect to its biogenesis. As an update to our prior review on the genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis and development [1] herein we will focus on recent advances in Angiosperms (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants) that provide novel insights and highlight the challenges and prospects for unravelling the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis specifically during the establishment of the young plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diep Ganguly
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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74
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Liu X, Merchant A, Rockett KS, McCormack M, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 kinase roles in seed germination and plant development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992264. [PMID: 25912940 PMCID: PMC4622727 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an essential role in modulating amino acid metabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. A wide spectrum of GCN2 functions in yeast and mammals has been characterized that spans from responses to amino acid deficiency, development, differentiation and proper functions of mammalian organs to organism's life span, tumor cell survival and immune responses. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. We present evidence that AtGCN2 negatively regulates seed germination under diverse environmental conditions. Our genetic data supported the notion that AtGCN2 is required for leaf morphology and normal cellular physiology by controlling chlorophyll contents. Our gene expression analyses revealed that AtGCN2 negatively regulates several transcription factor genes that play important roles in plant gibberellic acid-related crosstalk. We concluded that AtGCN2 plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes essential for normal growth and development, hence expanding the functions of this general regulator beyond being merely a stress player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Azim Merchant
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kristin S Rockett
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Maggie McCormack
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Karolina M Pajerowska-Mukhtar
- Department of Biology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
- Correspondence to: Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar;
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75
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Li C, He X, Luo X, Xu L, Liu L, Min L, Jin L, Zhu L, Zhang X. Cotton WRKY1 mediates the plant defense-to-development transition during infection of cotton by Verticillium dahliae by activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:2179-94. [PMID: 25301887 PMCID: PMC4256851 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. Previous research has demonstrated that DELLA proteins physically interact with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 (JAZ1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling pathways. However, whether and how the JAZ1-DELLA regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth conditions or during pathogen infection is not known. Here, we demonstrate multiple functions of cotton (Gossypium barbadense) GbWRKY1 in the plant defense response and during development. Although GbWRKY1 expression is induced rapidly by methyl jasmonate and infection by Verticillium dahliae, our results show that GbWRKY1 is a negative regulator of the JA-mediated defense response and plant resistance to the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and V. dahliae. Under normal growth conditions, GbWRKY1-overexpressing lines displayed GA-associated phenotypes, including organ elongation and early flowering, coupled with the down-regulation of the putative targets of DELLA. We show that the GA-related phenotypes of GbWRKY1-overexpressing plants depend on the constitutive expression of Gossypium hirsutum GhJAZ1. We also show that GhJAZ1 can be transactivated by GbWRKY1 through TGAC core sequences, and the adjacent sequences of this binding site are essential for binding specificity and affinity to GbWRKY1, as revealed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In summary, our data suggest that GbWRKY1 is a critical regulator mediating the plant defense-to-development transition during V. dahliae infection by activating JAZ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiangyin Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Ueda M, Tanaka A, Sugimoto K, Shikanai T, Nishimura Y. chlB requirement for chlorophyll biosynthesis under short photoperiod in Marchantia polymorpha L. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:620-8. [PMID: 24586029 PMCID: PMC3971596 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) play pivotal roles in energy absorption and transduction and also in charge separation in reaction centers in all photosynthetic organisms. In Chl biosynthesis steps, only a step for the enzymatic reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) is mediated by both nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded genes in land plants. Many plants encode the genes for light-dependent Pchlide reductase (LPOR) and light-independent Pchlide reductase (DPOR) in the nucleus and chloroplast genome, respectively. During the diversification of land plants, the reduction step of Pchlide to Chlide has become solely dependent on LPOR, and the genes for DPOR have been lost from chloroplast genome. It remains unclear why DPOR persists in some land plants, how they were eliminated from chloroplast genomes during the diversification of land plants, and under what environmental conditions DPOR was required. We demonstrate that DPOR is functional in liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) and plays an important role in Chl biosynthesis. Having established a plastid transformation system in liverwort, we disrupted chlB, which encodes a subunit of DPOR in the M. polymorpha chloroplast genome. Morphological and Chl content analysis of a chlB mutant grown under different photoperiods revealed that DPOR is particularly required for Chl biosynthesis under short-day conditions. Our findings suggest that an environmental condition in the form of photoperiod is an important factor that determines the loss or retention of chloroplast-encoded genes mediating Pchlide reduction to Chlide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ueda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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77
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Marín-de la Rosa N, Sotillo B, Miskolczi P, Gibbs DJ, Vicente J, Carbonero P, Oñate-Sánchez L, Holdsworth MJ, Bhalerao R, Alabadí D, Blázquez MA. Large-scale identification of gibberellin-related transcription factors defines group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS as functional DELLA partners. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1022-32. [PMID: 25118255 PMCID: PMC4213073 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are the master negative regulators in gibberellin (GA) signaling acting in the nucleus as transcriptional regulators. The current view of DELLA action indicates that their activity relies on the physical interaction with transcription factors (TFs). Therefore, the identification of TFs through which DELLAs regulate GA responses is key to understanding these responses from a mechanistic point of view. Here, we have determined the TF interactome of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DELLA protein GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE and screened a collection of conditional TF overexpressors in search of those that alter GA sensitivity. As a result, we have found RELATED TO APETALA2.3, an ethylene-induced TF belonging to the group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR of the APETALA2/ethylene responsive element binding protein superfamily, as a DELLA interactor with physiological relevance in the context of apical hook development. The combination of transactivation assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicates that the interaction with GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE impairs the activity of RELATED TO APETALA2.3 on the target promoters. This mechanism represents a unique node in the cross regulation between the GA and ethylene signaling pathways controlling differential growth during apical hook development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Marín-de la Rosa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Berta Sotillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Pal Miskolczi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Jorge Vicente
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (N.M.-d.l.R., B.S., D.A., M.A.B.);Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umea, Sweden (P.M., R.B.);Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (D.J.G., J.V., M.J.H.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.C., L.O.-S.); andCollege of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (R.B.)
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Guo W, Cong Y, Hussain N, Wang Y, Liu Z, Jiang L, Liang Z, Chen K. The remodeling of seedling development in response to long-term magnesium toxicity and regulation by ABA-DELLA signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1713-26. [PMID: 25074907 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available about signaling response to magnesium toxicity (MgT) in plants. This study presents the first evidence that abscisic acid (ABA) and DELLA proteins participate in signaling response to long-term MgT in Arabidopsis thaliana (Landsberg erecta). Morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of a wild-type and two Arabidopsis mutants, ABA-insensitive mutant abi1-1 and constitutive elevated GA response mutant quadruple-DELLA (DELLA-Q: gai-t6 rga-t2 rgl1-1 rgl2-1) were monitored under MgT and normal magnesium conditions. Two weeks of MgT treatment strongly influenced the growth of young plants, but growth inhibition of the DELLA-Q and abi1-1 mutants was less than that of the wild-type plants. Exogenous ABA further inhibited the growth of the DELLA-Q mutants, similar to that of the wild-type. Both ABA and MgT also promoted DELLA protein RGA accumulation in the nuclei. Transcriptional analysis supported these results and revealed that a complex signaling network has responded to MgT in Arabidopsis. DELLA enhancement, which depends on ABI1, contributed to the remodeling growth and development of young seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou, 310018 China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuexi Cong
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhongli Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 China
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79
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Liu JX, Chiou CY, Shen CH, Chen PJ, Liu YC, Jian CD, Shen XL, Shen FQ, Yeh KW. RNA interference-based gene silencing of phytoene synthase impairs growth, carotenoids, and plastid phenotype in Oncidium hybrid orchid. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:478. [PMID: 25221736 PMCID: PMC4161717 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first rate-limiting regulatory enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. In order to modify the floral color pattern by reducing carotenoid contents, a phytoene synthase-RNAi construct was delivered into protocorm-like body (PLB) of Oncidium hybrid orchid. The transgenic orchids show down-regulated level of PSY and geranyl synthase gene. They displayed semi-dwarf phenotype and brilliant green leaves. The microscopic anatomy revealed development-arrested plastids with rare grana. The total carotenoid content was decreased and the efficiency of the photosynthetic electron transport was declined. The chlorophyll level and the expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, such as OgGLUTR and OgCS were dramatically reduced. HPLC analysis showed that the endogenous level of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid in the dwarf transformants are 4-fold lower than in wild type plants. In addition, chilling tolerance of the transgenic Oncidium plants was reduced. The data showed that down-regulation of PSY resulted in alterations of gene expression in enzymes involved in many metabolic pathways, such as carotenoid, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway as well as causes predominant defects in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Liu
- />Flower Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 311202 Zhejiang China
| | - Chung-Yi Chiou
- />Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
- />Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Shen
- />Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
- />Ecological Materials Technology Department, Green Energy & Eco-technology System Center, ITRI South Campus, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- />Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Liu
- />Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chin-Der Jian
- />Institute of Forestry Research, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Lan Shen
- />Flower Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 311202 Zhejiang China
| | - Fu-Quan Shen
- />Flower Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 311202 Zhejiang China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- />Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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80
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Arabidopsis miR171-targeted scarecrow-like proteins bind to GT cis-elements and mediate gibberellin-regulated chlorophyll biosynthesis under light conditions. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004519. [PMID: 25101599 PMCID: PMC4125095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An extraordinarily precise regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis is essential for plant growth and development. However, our knowledge on the complex regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis is very limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR171-targeted scarecrow-like proteins (SCL6/22/27) negatively regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis via an unknown mechanism. Here we showed that SCLs inhibit the expression of the key gene encoding protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in light-grown plants, but have no significant effect on protochlorophyllide biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings. Histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic plants expressing pSCL27::rSCL27-GUS revealed that SCL27-GUS accumulates at high levels and suppresses chlorophyll biosynthesis at the leaf basal proliferation region during leaf development. Transient gene expression assays showed that the promoter activity of PORC is indeed regulated by SCL27. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR assays showed that SCL27 binds to the promoter region of PORC in vivo. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that SCL27 is directly interacted with G(A/G)(A/T)AA(A/T)GT cis-elements of the PORC promoter. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that gibberellin (GA)-regulated chlorophyll biosynthesis is mediated, at least in part, by SCLs. We demonstrated that SCL27 interacts with DELLA proteins in vitro and in vivo by yeast-two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analysis and found that their interaction reduces the binding activity of SCL27 to the PORC promoter. Additionally, we showed that SCL27 activates MIR171 gene expression, forming a feedback regulatory loop. Taken together, our data suggest that the miR171-SCL module is critical for mediating GA-DELLA signaling in the coordinate regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and leaf growth in light. Chlorophyll biosynthesis is essential for plant growth and development. To date, the regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis have been well understood only in dark conditions. Previous reports showed that miR171-targeted SCL6/22/27 proteins were involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism of SCL action remains unclear. In this study, we found that SCLs negatively regulated chlorophyll biosynthesis though suppressing the expression of the key gene PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR). SCL27 is highly expressed at the basal cell proliferation region of young leaves, suggesting an important role of SCLs in inhibiting chloroplast development before cell expansion. In addition, GT-cis elements were required for SCL27 directly binding to the PORC promoter. Furthermore, we showed that SCLs mediated GA-regulated chlorophyll biosynthesis through direct interaction with DELLA proteins. The interaction between SCLs and DELLAs reduced the DNA binding activity of SCL27. Our uncovered GA-DELLA-SCL module and its DNA binding targets provide new insights into molecular mechanisms by which chlorophyll biosynthesis and cell proliferation are coordinately regulated during leaf development in response to developmental and environmental cues.
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81
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Zhan GM, Li RJ, Hu ZY, Liu J, Deng LB, Lu SY, Hua W. Cosuppression of RBCS3B in Arabidopsis leads to severe photoinhibition caused by ROS accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1091-108. [PMID: 24682522 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cosuppression of an Arabidopsis Rubisco small subunit gene RBCS3B at Arabidopsis resulted in albino or pale green phenotypes which were caused by ROS accumulation As the most abundant protein on Earth, Rubisco has received much attention in the past decades. Even so, its function is still not understood thoroughly. In this paper, four Arabidopsis transgenic lines (RBCS3B-7, 18, 33, and 35) with albino or pale green phenotypes were obtained by transformation with a construct driving expression of sense RBCS3B, a Rubisco small subunit gene. The phenotypes produced in these transgenic lines were found to be caused by cosuppression. Among these lines, RBCS3B-7 displayed the most severe phenotypes including reduced height, developmental arrest and plant mortality before flowering when grown under normal light on soil. Chloroplast numbers in mesophyll cells were decreased compared to WT, and stacked thylakoids of chloroplasts were broken down gradually in RBCS3B-7 throughout development. In addition, the RBCS3B-7 line was light sensitive, and PSII activity measurement revealed that RBCS3B-7 suffered severe photoinhibition, even under normal light. We found that photoinhibition was due to accumulation of ROS, which accelerated photodamage of PSII and inhibited the repair of PSII in RBCS3B-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Miao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Nagai K, Kondo Y, Kitaoka T, Noda T, Kuroha T, Angeles-Shim RB, Yasui H, Yoshimura A, Ashikari M. QTL analysis of internode elongation in response to gibberellin in deepwater rice. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu028. [PMID: 24946943 PMCID: PMC4086424 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is a plant hormone that has important roles in numerous plant developmental phases. Rice plants known as deepwater rice respond to flooding by elongating their internodes to avoid anoxia. Previous studies reported that GA is essential for internode elongation in deepwater rice. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses identified QTLs regulating internode elongation in response to deepwater conditions. However, the interaction between internode elongation and regulators of GA sensitivity in deepwater rice is unknown. In this study, we applied GA to recombinant inbred lines of T65 (non-deepwater rice) and Bhadua (deepwater rice), and performed a QTL analysis of internode elongation in response to GA. GA-induced internode elongation was detected only in deepwater rice. Our QTL analysis revealed two major QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 9 regulating total internode length, lowest elongated internode and number of elongated internodes. Furthermore, the QTL on chromosome 3 acted as an enhancer of other QTLs (e.g. the QTL on chromosome 12). Nearly isogenic lines of deepwater rice carrying the QTL regions from chromosomes 3 and 12 of the deepwater rice C9285 showed internode elongation in response to GA. Thus, these QTLs may regulate GA responsiveness in deepwater rice. This study furthers our understanding of the mechanism of internode elongation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Kondo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomonori Noda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rosalyn B Angeles-Shim
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yasui
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki-ku, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki-ku, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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83
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Franklin KA, Toledo-Ortiz G, Pyott DE, Halliday KJ. Interaction of light and temperature signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2859-71. [PMID: 24569036 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light and temperature are arguably two of the most important signals regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to their direct energetic effects on plant growth, light and temperature provide vital immediate and predictive cues for plants to ensure optimal development both spatially and temporally. While the majority of research to date has focused on the contribution of either light or temperature signals in isolation, it is becoming apparent that an understanding of how the two interact is essential to appreciate fully the complex and elegant ways in which plants utilize these environmental cues. This review will outline the diverse mechanisms by which light and temperature signals are integrated and will consider why such interconnected systems (as opposed to entirely separate light and temperature pathways) may be evolutionarily favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keara A Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Gabriela Toledo-Ortiz
- SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, C.H. Waddington Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK
| | - Douglas E Pyott
- SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, C.H. Waddington Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK
| | - Karen J Halliday
- SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, C.H. Waddington Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK
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84
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Apitz J, Schmied J, Lehmann MJ, Hedtke B, Grimm B. GluTR2 Complements a hema1 Mutant Lacking Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase 1, but is Differently Regulated at the Post-Translational Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:645-57. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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85
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Ménard R, Verdier G, Ors M, Erhardt M, Beisson F, Shen WH. Histone H2B Monoubiquitination is Involved in the Regulation of Cutin and Wax Composition in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:455-66. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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86
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Regulatory Networks Acted Upon by the GID1–DELLA System After Perceiving Gibberellin. SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PLANTS 2014; 35:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801922-1.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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87
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Leivar P, Monte E. PIFs: systems integrators in plant development. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:56-78. [PMID: 24481072 PMCID: PMC3963594 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.120857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are members of the Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix family of transcriptional regulators that interact specifically with the active Pfr conformer of phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors. PIFs are central regulators of photomorphogenic development that act to promote stem growth, and this activity is reversed upon interaction with phy in response to light. Recently, significant progress has been made in defining the transcriptional networks directly regulated by PIFs, as well as the convergence of other signaling pathways on the PIFs to modulate growth. Here, we summarize and highlight these findings in the context of PIFs acting as integrators of light and other signals. We discuss progress in our understanding of the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of PIFs that illustrates the integration of light with hormonal pathways and the circadian clock, and we review seedling hypocotyl growth as a paradigm of PIFs acting at the interface of these signals. Based on these advances, PIFs are emerging as required factors for growth, acting as central components of a regulatory node that integrates multiple internal and external signals to optimize plant development.
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88
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. Light intensity-dependent retrograde signalling in higher plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1501-16. [PMID: 23850030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to acclimate to highly fluctuating light environment and evolved a short- and long-term light acclimatory responses, that are dependent on chloroplasts retrograde signalling. In this review we summarise recent evidences suggesting that the chloroplasts act as key sensors of light intensity changes in a wide range (low, high and excess light conditions) as well as sensors of darkness. They also participate in transduction and synchronisation of systemic retrograde signalling in response to differential light exposure of distinct leaves. Regulation of intra- and inter-cellular chloroplast retrograde signalling is dependent on the developmental and functional stage of the plastids. Therefore, it is discussed in following subsections: firstly, chloroplast biogenic control of nuclear genes, for example, signals related to photosystems and pigment biogenesis during early plastid development; secondly, signals in the mature chloroplast induced by changes in photosynthetic electron transport, reactive oxygen species, hormones and metabolite biosynthesis; thirdly, chloroplast signalling during leaf senescence. Moreover, with a help of meta-analysis of multiple microarray experiments, we showed that the expression of the same set of genes is regulated specifically in particular types of signals and types of light conditions. Furthermore, we also highlight the alternative scenarios of the chloroplast retrograde signals transduction and coordination linked to the role of photo-electrochemical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
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Locascio A, Blázquez MA, Alabadí D. Genomic analysis of DELLA protein activity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1229-37. [PMID: 23784221 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are the main outcome of hormone signaling cascades that widely control plant physiology. In the case of the hormones gibberellins, the transcriptional control is exerted through the activity of the DELLA proteins, which act as negative regulators in the signaling pathway. This review focuses on recent transcriptomic approaches in the context of gibberellin signaling, which have provided useful information on new processes regulated by these hormones such as the regulation of photosynthesis and gravitropism. Moreover, the enrichment of specific cis-elements among DELLA primary targets has also helped extend the view that DELLA proteins regulate gene expression through the interaction with multiple transcription factors from different families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Locascio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas-CSIC-U. Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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90
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Wen W, Deng Q, Jia H, Wei L, Wei J, Wan H, Yang L, Cao W, Ma Z. Sequence variations of the partially dominant DELLA gene Rht-B1c in wheat and their functional impacts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3299-312. [PMID: 23918966 PMCID: PMC3733159 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rht-B1c, allelic to the DELLA protein-encoding gene Rht-B1a, is a natural mutation documented in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). It confers variation to a number of traits related to cell and plant morphology, seed dormancy, and photosynthesis. The present study was conducted to examine the sequence variations of Rht-B1c and their functional impacts. The results showed that Rht-B1c was partially dominant or co-dominant for plant height, and exhibited an increased dwarfing effect. At the sequence level, Rht-B1c differed from Rht-B1a by one 2kb Veju retrotransposon insertion, three coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one 197bp insertion, and four SNPs in the 1kb upstream sequence. Haplotype investigations, association analyses, transient expression assays, and expression profiling showed that the Veju insertion was primarily responsible for the extreme dwarfing effect. It was found that the Veju insertion changed processing of the Rht-B1c transcripts and resulted in DELLA motif primary structure disruption. Expression assays showed that Rht-B1c caused reduction of total Rht-1 transcript levels, and up-regulation of GATA-like transcription factors and genes positively regulated by these factors, suggesting that one way in which Rht-1 proteins affect plant growth and development is through GATA-like transcription factor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyan Deng
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingzhu Wei
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingbo Wei
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongshen Wan
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Liming Yang
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjin Cao
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
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91
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Golldack D, Li C, Mohan H, Probst N. Gibberellins and abscisic acid signal crosstalk: living and developing under unfavorable conditions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1007-16. [PMID: 23525744 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to adverse environments by integrating growth and development to environmentally activated cues. Within the adaptive signaling networks, plant hormones tightly control convergent developmental and stress adaptive processes and coordinate cellular responses to external and internal conditions. Recent studies have uncovered novel antagonizing roles of the plant hormones gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in integrating growth and development in plants with environmental signaling. According to current concepts, GRAS transcription factors of the DELLA and SCARECROW-LIKE (SCL) types have a key role as major growth regulators and have pivotal functions in modulating GA signaling. Significantly, current models emphasize a function of DELLA proteins as central regulators in GA homeostasis. DELLA proteins interact with the cellular GA receptor GID1 (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1) and degradation of DELLAs activates the function of GA. Supplementary to the prevailing view of a pivotal role of GRAS family transcriptional factors in plant growth regulation, recent work has suggested that the DELLA and SCL proteins integrate generic GA responses into ABA-controlled abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we review and discuss how GRAS type proteins influence plant development and versatile adaptation as hubs in GA and ABA triggered signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dortje Golldack
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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92
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Li QF, He JX. Mechanisms of signaling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and gibberellins. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e24686. [PMID: 23603943 PMCID: PMC3909037 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and Gibberellins (GAs) are two principal groups of growth-promoting phytohormones. Accumulating evidence supports that there are crosstalks between BR and GA signaling pathways. However, a molecular mechanism for direct signaling crosstalk between BRs and GAs was not revealed until recently. Works from three different groups demonstrated that an interaction between BZR1/BES1 and DELLAs, two groups of key transcriptional regulators from the BR and GA signaling pathways, respectively, mediates the direct signaling crosstalk between BRs and GAs in controlling cell elongation in Arabidopsis. It was shown that DELLA proteins not only affect the protein stability but also inhibit the transcriptional activity of BZR1. Thus, GAs promote cell elongation, at least in part, through releasing DELLA-mediated inhibition of BZR1. This review aims to introduce these recent advances in our understanding of how BRs and GAs coordinate to regulate plant growth and development at the molecular level.
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93
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Liu X, Chen CY, Wang KC, Luo M, Tai R, Yuan L, Zhao M, Yang S, Tian G, Cui Y, Hsieh HL, Wu K. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 associates with the histone deacetylase HDA15 in repression of chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1258-73. [PMID: 23548744 PMCID: PMC3663266 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) is a key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor of Arabidopsis thaliana that negatively regulates light responses, repressing chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and photomorphogenesis in the dark. However, the mechanism for the PIF3-mediated transcription regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the REDUCED POTASSIUM DEPENDENCY3/HISTONE DEACETYLASE1-type histone deacetylase HDA15 directly interacted with PIF3 in vivo and in vitro. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that HDA15 acts mainly as a transcriptional repressor and negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis gene expression in etiolated seedlings. HDA15 and PIF3 cotarget to the genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in the dark and repress gene expression by decreasing the acetylation levels and RNA Polymerase II-associated transcription. The binding of HDA15 to the target genes depends on the presence of PIF3. In addition, PIF3 and HDA15 are dissociated from the target genes upon exposure to red light. Taken together, our results indicate that PIF3 associates with HDA15 to repress chlorophyll biosynthetic and photosynthetic genes in etiolated seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuncheng Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ching Wang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming Luo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ready Tai
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lianyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Yuhai Cui
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Hsu-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Address correspondence to
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94
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Abstract
The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) regulates major aspects of plant growth and development. The role of GA in determining plant stature had major impacts on agriculture in the 1960s, and the development of semi-dwarf varieties that show altered GA responses contributed to a huge increase in grain yields during the ‘green revolution’. The past decade has brought great progress in understanding the molecular basis of GA action, with the cloning and characterization of GA signaling components. Here, we review the molecular basis of the GA signaling pathway, from the perception of GA to the regulation of downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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95
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Park J, Nguyen KT, Park E, Jeon JS, Choi G. DELLA proteins and their interacting RING Finger proteins repress gibberellin responses by binding to the promoters of a subset of gibberellin-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:927-43. [PMID: 23482857 PMCID: PMC3634697 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins, consisting of GA INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR OF GA1-3, RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1), RGL2, and RGL3, are central repressors of gibberellin (GA) responses, but their molecular functions are not fully understood. We isolated four DELLA-interacting RING domain proteins, previously designated as BOTRYTIS SUSCEPTIBLE1 INTERACTOR (BOI), BOI-RELATED GENE1 (BRG1), BRG2, and BRG3 (collectively referred to as BOIs). Single mutants of each BOI gene failed to significantly alter GA responses, but the boi quadruple mutant (boiQ) showed a higher seed germination frequency in the presence of paclobutrazol, precocious juvenile-to-adult phase transition, and early flowering, all of which are consistent with enhanced GA signaling. By contrast, BOI overexpression lines displayed phenotypes consistent with reduced GA signaling. Analysis of a gai-1 boiQ pentuple mutant further indicated that the GAI protein requires BOIs to inhibit a subset of GA responses. At the molecular level, BOIs did not significantly alter the stability of a DELLA protein. Instead, BOI and DELLA proteins are targeted to the promoters of a subset of GA-responsive genes and repress their expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the DELLA and BOI proteins inhibit GA responses by interacting with each other, binding to the same promoters of GA-responsive genes, and repressing these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Khoa Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Eunae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Address correspondence to
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96
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Terry MJ, Smith AG. A model for tetrapyrrole synthesis as the primary mechanism for plastid-to-nucleus signaling during chloroplast biogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:14. [PMID: 23407626 PMCID: PMC3570980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis involves the co-ordinated expression of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes, requiring information to be sent from the developing chloroplasts to the nucleus. This is achieved through retrograde signaling pathways and can be demonstrated experimentally using the photobleaching herbicide, norflurazon, which in seedlings results in chloroplast damage and the reduced expression of many photosynthesis-related, nuclear genes. Genetic analysis of this pathway points to a major role for tetrapyrrole synthesis in retrograde signaling, as well as a strong interaction with light signaling pathways. Currently, the best model to explain the genetic data is that a specific heme pool generated by flux through ferrochelatase-1 functions as a positive signal to promote the expression of genes required for chloroplast development. We propose that this heme-related signal is the primary positive signal during chloroplast biogenesis, and that treatments and mutations affecting chloroplast transcription, RNA editing, translation, or protein import all impact on the synthesis and/or processing of this signal. A positive signal is consistent with the need to provide information on chloroplast status at all times. We further propose that GUN1 normally serves to restrict the production of the heme signal. In addition to a positive signal re-enforcing chloroplast development under normal conditions, aberrant chloroplast development may produce a negative signal due to accumulation of unbound chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates, such as Mg-porphyrins. Under these conditions a rapid shut-down of tetrapyrrole synthesis is required. We propose that accumulation of these intermediates results in a rapid light-dependent inhibition of nuclear gene expression that is most likely mediated via singlet oxygen generated by photo-excitation of Mg-porphyrins. Thus, the tetrapyrrole pathway may provide both positive and inhibitory signals to control expression of nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Terry
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Terry, Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. e-mail:
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
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97
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Jiang X, Li H, Wang T, Peng C, Wang H, Wu H, Wang X. Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:768-80. [PMID: 23020316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis needs to be well coordinated with cell division and cell expansion during plant growth and development to achieve optimal photosynthesis rates. Previous studies showed that gibberellins (GAs) regulate many important plant developmental processes, including cell division and cell expansion. However, the relationship between chloroplast biogenesis with cell division and cell expansion, and how GA coordinately regulates these processes, remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that chloroplast division was significantly reduced in the GA-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis (ga1-3) and Oryza sativa (d18-AD), accompanied by the reduced expression of several chloroplast division-related genes. However, the chloroplasts of both mutants exhibited increased grana stacking compared with their respective wild-type plants, suggesting that there might be a compensation mechanism linking chloroplast division and grana stacking. A time-course analysis showed that cell expansion-related genes tended to be upregulated earlier and more significantly than the genes related to chloroplast division and cell division in GA-treated ga1-3 leaves, suggesting the possibility that GA may promote chloroplast division indirectly through impacting leaf mesophyll cell expansion. Furthermore, our cellular and molecular analysis of the GA-response signaling mutants suggest that RGA and GAI are the major repressors regulating GA-induced chloroplast division, but other DELLA proteins (RGL1, RGL2 and RGL3) also play a role in repressing chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data show that GA plays a critical role in controlling and coordinating cell division, cell expansion and chloroplast biogenesis through influencing the DELLA protein family in both dicot and monocot plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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98
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Park E, Park J, Kim J, Nagatani A, Lagarias JC, Choi G. Phytochrome B inhibits binding of phytochrome-interacting factors to their target promoters. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:537-46. [PMID: 22849408 PMCID: PMC3489987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are red and far-red light receptors in plants that mediate critical responses to light throughout the lifecycle. They achieve this in part by targeting negatively acting bHLH transcription factors called phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) for degradation within the nucleus. However, it is not known whether protein degradation is the primary mechanism by which phytochromes inhibit these repressors of photomorphogenesis. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation to show that phyB inhibits the regulatory activity of PIF1 and PIF3 by releasing them from their DNA targets. The N-terminal fragment of phyB (NG-GUS-NLS; NGB) also inhibits binding of PIF3 to its target promoters. However, unlike full-length phyB, NGB does not promote PIF3 degradation, establishing the activity of NGB reflects its ability to inhibit PIF binding to DNA. We further show that Pfr forms of both full-length phyB and NGB inhibit DNA binding of PIF1 and PIF3 in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that phyB inhibition of PIF function involves two separate processes: sequestration and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Giltsu Choi, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, Phone: 82-42-350-2636, Fax: 82-42-350-2610
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99
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Galvão RM, Li M, Kothadia SM, Haskel JD, Decker PV, Van Buskirk EK, Chen M. Photoactivated phytochromes interact with HEMERA and promote its accumulation to establish photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1851-63. [PMID: 22895253 DOI: 10.1101/gad.193219.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant development is profoundly regulated by ambient light cues through the red/far-red photoreceptors, the phytochromes. Early phytochrome signaling events include the translocation of phytochromes from the cytoplasm to subnuclear domains called photobodies and the degradation of antagonistically acting phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). We recently identified a key phytochrome signaling component, HEMERA (HMR), that is essential for both phytochrome B (phyB) localization to photobodies and PIF degradation. However, the signaling mechanism linking phytochromes and HMR is unknown. Here we show that phytochromes directly interact with HMR to promote HMR protein accumulation in the light. HMR binds more strongly to the active form of phytochromes. This interaction is mediated by the photosensory domains of phytochromes and two phytochrome-interacting regions in HMR. Missense mutations in either HMR or phyB that alter the phytochrome/HMR interaction can also change HMR levels and photomorphogenetic responses. HMR accumulation in a constitutively active phyB mutant (YHB) is required for YHB-dependent PIF3 degradation in the dark. Our genetic and biochemical studies strongly support a novel phytochrome signaling mechanism in which photoactivated phytochromes directly interact with HMR and promote HMR accumulation, which in turn mediates the formation of photobodies and the degradation of PIFs to establish photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaelo M Galvão
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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100
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Li QF, Wang C, Jiang L, Li S, Sun SSM, He JX. An interaction between BZR1 and DELLAs mediates direct signaling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and gibberellins in Arabidopsis. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra72. [PMID: 23033541 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are coordinated by several groups of small-molecule hormones, including brassinosteroids (BRs) and gibberellins (GAs). Physiological and molecular studies have suggested the existence of crosstalk between BR and GA signaling. We report that BZR1, a key transcription factor activated by BR signaling, interacts in vitro and in vivo with REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA), a member of the DELLA family of transcriptional regulators that inhibits the GA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analyses of plants with mutations in the genes encoding RGA and BZR1 revealed that RGA suppressed root and hypocotyl elongation of the gain-of-function mutant bzr1-1D. Ectopic expression of proteins of the DELLA family reduced the abundance and transcriptional activity of BZR1. Reporter gene analyses further indicated that BZR1 and RGA antagonize each other's transcriptional activity. Our data indicated that BZR1 and RGA served as positive and negative regulators, respectively, of both the BR and the GA signaling pathways and establish DELLAs as mediators of signaling crosstalk between BRs and GAs in controlling cell elongation and regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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