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EEG & Eye Tracking User Experiments for Spatial Memory Task on Maps. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of ET and EEG for studying the cognitive processes of expert and novice map users and to explore these processes by comparing two types of spatial memory experiments through cognitive load measurements. The first experiment consisted of single trials and participants were instructed to study a map stimulus without any time constraints in order to draw a sketch map afterwards. According to the ET metrics (i.e., average fixation duration and the number of fixations per second), no statistically significant differences emerged between experts and novices. A similar result was also obtained with EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry calculations. On the contrary, in terms of alpha power across all electrodes, novices exhibited significantly lower alpha power, indicating a higher cognitive load. In the second experiment, a larger number of stimuli were used to study the effect of task difficulty. The same ET metrics used in the first experiment indicated that the difference between these user groups was not statistically significant. The cognitive load was also extracted using EEG event-related spectral power changes at alpha and theta frequency bands. Preliminary data exploration mostly suggested an increase in theta power and a decrease in alpha power.
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Messerotti Benvenuti S, Buodo G, Mennella R, Dal Bò E, Palomba D. Appetitive and aversive motivation in depression: The temporal dynamics of task-elicited asymmetries in alpha oscillations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17129. [PMID: 31748518 PMCID: PMC6868126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability model of alpha asymmetries posits that state emotional manipulations are a more powerful detector of depression-related motivational deficits than alpha activity at rest. The present study used a time-frequency approach to investigate the temporal dynamics of event-related changes in alpha power during passive viewing of emotional pictures in individuals with dysphoria (n = 23) and in individuals without dysphoria (n = 24). In the whole group, the processing of pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral pictures was associated with a decrease in event-related alpha power (i.e., alpha desynchronization) at centro-parietal and parietal scalp sites in the 538–1400 ms post-stimulus. The group with dysphoria revealed a smaller alpha desynchronization than the group without dysphoria in response to pleasant, but not neutral and unpleasant, stimuli at frontal, fronto-central and centro-parietal sites. Interestingly, at central and centro-parietal scalp sites, the difference between groups in response to pleasant stimuli was lateralized to the right hemisphere, whereas no clear lateralization was observed at frontal and fronto-central scalp sites. These findings suggest that decreased cortical activity (i.e., reduced alpha desynchronization) in a network involving bilateral frontal and right-lateralized parietal regions may provide a specific measure of deficits in approach-related motivation in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rocco Mennella
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives, Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Gallucci A, Riva P, Romero Lauro LJ, Bushman BJ. Stimulating the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) modulates frustration-induced aggression: A tDCS experiment. Brain Stimul 2019; 13:302-309. [PMID: 31676301 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prefrontal cortex is crucial for top-down regulation of aggression, but the neural underpinnings of aggression are still poorly understood. Past research showed the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) modulates aggression following exposure to risk factors for aggression (e.g., social exclusion, violent media). Although frustration is a key risk factor for aggression, no study to date has examined the modulatory role of tDCS on frustration-induced aggression. OBJECTIVES By exploring the VLPFC involvement in frustration-aggression link, we tested the hypothesis that the anodal tDCS over right and left VLPFC modulates frustration-induced aggression. We also explored whether tDCS interacts with gender to influence frustration-induced aggression. METHODS 90 healthy participants (45 men) were randomly assigned to receive anodal or sham tDCS over the right or left VLPFC before being frustrated by an accomplice. To increase reliability, several tasks were used to measure aggression. RESULTS We found that anodal tDCS over the left VLPFC, compared to sham stimulation, increased aggression. Unexpectedly, no main effect was found following tDCS of right VLPFC. However, we also found a significant interaction between gender and tDCS, showing that males were more aggressive than females following sham stimulation, but females became as aggressive as males following active tDCS. CONCLUSION Overall, these results shed light on the neural basis of frustration-induced aggression, providing further evidence for the involvement of VLPFC in modulating aggressive responses, and on gender differences in aggression. Future research should further investigate the role of stimulating the VLPFC on frustration-induced aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Riva
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Behavioral and Electrophysiological Arguments in Favor of a Relationship between Impulsivity, Risk-Taking, and Success on the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100248. [PMID: 31554273 PMCID: PMC6826503 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity, risk-taking, and decision-making performance. We recruited 20 healthy participants who performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to measure decision-making and risk-taking. The impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Resting-state neural activity was recorded to explore whether brain oscillatory rhythms provide important information about the dispositional trait of impulsivity. We found a significant correlation between the ability to develop a successful strategy and the propensity to take more risks in the first trials of the BART. Risk-taking was negatively correlated with cognitive impulsivity in participants who were unable to develop a successful strategy. Neither risk-taking nor decision-making was correlated with cortical asymmetry. In a more exploratory approach, the group was sub-divided in function of participants’ performances at the IGT. We found that the group who developed a successful strategy at the IGT was more prone to risk, whereas the group who failed showed a greater cognitive impulsivity. These results emphasize the need for individuals to explore their environment to develop a successful strategy in uncertain situations, which may not be possible without taking risks.
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Fachner JC, Maidhof C, Grocke D, Nygaard Pedersen I, Trondalen G, Tucek G, Bonde LO. "Telling me not to worry…" Hyperscanning and Neural Dynamics of Emotion Processing During Guided Imagery and Music. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1561. [PMID: 31402880 PMCID: PMC6673756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze how emotions and imagery are shared, processed and recognized in Guided Imagery and Music, we measured the brain activity of an experienced therapist (“Guide”) and client (“Traveler”) with dual-EEG in a real therapy session about potential death of family members. Synchronously with the EEG, the session was video-taped and then micro-analyzed. Four raters identified therapeutically important moments of interest (MOI) and no-interest (MONI) which were transcribed and annotated. Several indices of emotion- and imagery-related processing were analyzed: frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry, frontal midline theta, and occipital alpha activity. Session ratings showed overlaps across all raters, confirming the importance of these MOIs, which showed different cortical activity in visual areas compared to resting-state. MOI 1 was a pivotal moment including an important imagery with a message of hope from a close family member, while in the second MOI the Traveler sent a message to an unborn baby. Generally, results seemed to indicate that the emotions of Traveler and Guide during important moments were not positive, pleasurably or relaxed when compared to resting-state, confirming both were dealing with negative emotions and anxiety that had to be contained in the interpersonal process. However, the temporal dynamics of emotion-related markers suggested shifts in emotional valence and intensity during these important, personally meaningful moments; for example, during receiving the message of hope, an increase of frontal alpha asymmetry was observed, reflecting increased positive emotional processing. EEG source localization during the message suggested a peak activation in left middle temporal gyrus. Interestingly, peaks in emotional markers in the Guide partly paralleled the Traveler's peaks; for example, during the Guide's strong feeling of mutuality in MOI 2, the time series of frontal alpha asymmetries showed a significant cross-correlation, indicating similar emotional processing in Traveler and Guide. Investigating the moment-to-moment interaction in music therapy showed how asymmetry peaks align with the situated cognition of Traveler and Guide along the emotional contour of the music, representing the highs and lows during the therapy process. Combining dual-EEG with detailed audiovisual and qualitative data seems to be a promising approach for further research into music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Fachner
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Clemens Maidhof
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Denise Grocke
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Inge Nygaard Pedersen
- Department of Communication and Psychology, The Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gro Trondalen
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerhard Tucek
- Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lars O Bonde
- Department of Communication and Psychology, The Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
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Tsypes A, Angus DJ, Martin S, Kemkes K, Harmon-Jones E. Trait anger and the reward positivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alloy LB, Nusslock R. Future Directions for Understanding Adolescent Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Reward Hypersensitivity Perspective. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2019; 48:669-683. [PMID: 30908092 PMCID: PMC6588455 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1567347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The idea that bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are characterized by enhanced sensitivity to rewarding stimuli is at the core of the reward hypersensitivity model, one of the most prominent and well-supported theories of BSDs. In this article, we present the reward hypersensitivity model of BSDs, review evidence supporting it, discuss its relevance to explaining why BSDs typically begin and consolidate during the period of adolescence, and consider three major unresolved issues for this model that provide important directions for future research. Finally, we present integrations of the reward hypersensitivity model with circadian rhythm and immune system models that should provide greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in BSDs, and then suggest additional directions for future research deriving from these integrated models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Nusslock
- b Department of Psychology , Northwestern University , Evanston
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58
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Poole KL, Schmidt LA. Frontal brain delta-beta correlation, salivary cortisol, and social anxiety in children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:646-654. [PMID: 30809809 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlated activity of slow-wave (e.g. delta) and fast-wave (e.g. beta) frontal brain oscillations is thought to be an electrophysiological correlate of individual differences in neuroendocrine activity and anxiety in adult samples. We know, however, relatively little about the physiological and functional correlates of delta-beta coupling in children. METHOD We examined whether longitudinal patterns of children's basal salivary cortisol and social anxiety across two visits separated by 1 year were associated with frontal brain delta-beta correlation in children (Mage = 7.59 years, SD = 1.70). At Time 1 (T1), resting baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were collected from the children and delta and beta power was measured, and at both T1 and Time 2 (T2), basal salivary cortisol was measured, and parents reported on children's symptoms of social anxiety. RESULTS Using latent class growth curve analysis, we found that children's salivary cortisol across visits was characterized by a high, stable class (53%), and a low, unstable class (47%), and children's social anxiety was characterized by a high, stable class (50%) and a low, stable class (50%). Using Fisher's r-to-z transformation, we found that frontal EEG delta-beta correlation was significantly stronger among children with high, stable salivary cortisol levels (compared to the low, unstable class; z = 2.11, p = .02), and among children with high, stable social anxiety levels (compared to the low, stable class; z = 1.72, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that longitudinal patterns of neuroendocrine stress activity and social anxiety may be associated with the correlation of EEG power in slow and fast frontal brain oscillations as early as childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Poole
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Daprati E, Sirigu A, Desmurget M, Martinelli E, Nico D. Willingness towards cognitive engagement: a preliminary study based on a behavioural entropy approach. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:995-1007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Individual EEG measures of attention, memory, and motivation predict population level TV viewership and Twitter engagement. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214507. [PMID: 30921406 PMCID: PMC6438528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Television (TV) programming attracts ever-growing audiences and dominates the cultural zeitgeist. Viewership and social media engagement have become standard indices of programming success. However, accurately predicting individual episode success or future show performance using traditional metrics remains a challenge. Here we examine whether TV viewership and Twitter activity can be predicted using electroencephalography (EEG) measures, which are less affected by reporting biases and which are commonly associated with different cognitive processes. 331 participants watched an hour-long episode from one of nine prime-time shows (~36 participants per episode). Three frequency-based measures were extracted: fronto-central alpha/beta asymmetry (indexing approach motivation), fronto-central alpha/theta power (indexing attention), and fronto-central theta/gamma power (indexing memory processing). All three EEG measures and the composite EEG score significantly correlated across episode segments with the two behavioral measures of TV viewership and Twitter volume. EEG measures explained more variance than either of the behavioral metrics and mediated the relationship between the two. Attentional focus was integral for both audience retention and Twitter activity, while emotional motivation was specifically linked with social engagement and program segments with high TV viewership. These findings highlight the viability of using EEG measures to predict success of TV programming and identify cognitive processes that contribute to audience engagement with television shows.
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Hepach R, Vaish A, Müller K, Tomasello M. The relation between young children's physiological arousal and their motivation to help others. Neuropsychologia 2019; 126:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perera MPN, Bailey NW, Herring SE, Fitzgerald PB. Electrophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review of the electroencephalographic literature. J Anxiety Disord 2019; 62:1-14. [PMID: 30469123 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disease that causes significant decline in the quality of life of those affected. Due to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of OCD, successful treatment remains elusive. Although many have studied the pathophysiology of OCD through electroencephalography (EEG), limited attempts have been made to synthesize and interpret their findings. To bridge this gap, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using Medline/PubMed and considered the 65 most relevant studies published before June 2018. The findings are categorised into quantitative EEG, sleep related EEG and event related potentials (ERPs). Increased frontal asymmetry, frontal slowing and an enhancement in the ERP known as error related negativity (ERN) were consistent findings in OCD. However, sleep EEG and other ERP (P3 and N2) findings were inconsistent. Additionally, we analysed the usefulness of ERN as a potential candidate endophenotype. We hypothesize that dysfunctional frontal circuitry and overactive performance monitoring are the major underlying impairments in OCD. Additionally, we conceptualized that defective fronto-striato-thalamic circuitry causing poor cerebral functional connectivity gives rise to the OCD behavioural manifestations. Finally, we have discussed transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG (TMS-EEG) applications in future research to further our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prabhavi N Perera
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Level 4, 607, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Level 4, 607, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth HealthCare, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia.
| | - Sally E Herring
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth HealthCare, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia.
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Level 4, 607, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth HealthCare, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia.
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Moshirian Farahi SM, Asghari Ebrahimabad MJ, Gorji A, Bigdeli I, Moshirian Farahi SMM. Neuroticism and Frontal EEG Asymmetry Correlated With Dynamic Facial Emotional Processing in Adolescents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30800085 PMCID: PMC6375848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the link between resting frontal EEG asymmetry, neuroticism and the valence of emotional face processing in adolescents. Fifty right-handed adolescents (50% male; mean age = 14.20, SD = 1.97) were selected from schools in Mashhad. In order to investigate variables, we used BFQ-C, ADFES-BIV, and EEG. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The results showed that neuroticism correlates with the valences of fear, disgust, sadness, and surprise, but not with happiness, anger, and neutral faces. Furthermore, it was found that N was significantly positively correlated with mid-frontal asymmetry (F3-F4), and the lateral-frontal (F7-F8), whereas no correlation was found between N and frontal pole (Fp1-Fp2). We found significant negative correlations between the valence of fear, Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, and F7-F8. The interaction findings revealed that neuroticism∗mid-frontal asymmetry can significantly affect the valence of fear. Therefore, neuroticism and mid-frontal EEG asymmetry may serve as a risk indicator for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Imanollah Bigdeli
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Kelley NJ, Gallucci A, Riva P, Romero Lauro LJ, Schmeichel BJ. Stimulating Self-Regulation: A Review of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Studies of Goal-Directed Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:337. [PMID: 30713492 PMCID: PMC6345691 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation enables individuals to guide their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a purposeful manner. Self-regulation is thus crucial for goal-directed behavior and contributes to many consequential outcomes in life including physical health, psychological well-being, ethical decision making, and strong interpersonal relationships. Neuroscientific research has revealed that the prefrontal cortex plays a central role in self-regulation, specifically by exerting top-down control over subcortical regions involved in reward (e.g., striatum) and emotion (e.g., amygdala). To orient readers, we first offer a methodological overview of tDCS and then review experiments using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (especially transcranial direct current stimulation) to target prefrontal brain regions implicated in self-regulation. We focus on brain stimulation studies of self-regulatory behavior across three broad domains of response: persistence, delay behavior, and impulse control. We suggest that stimulating the prefrontal cortex promotes successful self-regulation by altering the balance in activity between the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions involved in emotion and reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Alessia Gallucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Brandon J. Schmeichel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Abstract
Abstract. Empathy is known as the ability to share and understand someone else’s feelings. Previous research has either addressed the neural correlates of empathy for pain or social exclusion, but no study has examined empathy for physical and psychological (social) pain simultaneously. Forty-seven participants completed our novel “Social Interaction Empathy Task” during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Participants had to observe and rate the intensity of physical and psychological pain in social interactions from a first- and third-person perspective. At the behavioral level, subjects did not differentiate between the perspectives and rated physically painful scenarios as more painful than psychologically painful and neutral interactions. Psychologically painful pictures were also rated as more painful than neutral pictures. Analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed an early and a late response with a higher ERP response to physical and psychological pain compared to neutral interactions. Moreover, a significant difference emerged between the two dimensions of painful interactions. Furthermore, we found that the activity over frontal regions for discrimination of painful interactions was lateralized to the right hemisphere. Moreover, we detected significant correlations with the self-rated perspective taking ability. This suggests the psychological and physical pain qualities are processed differently but both are related to empathic traits. We further suggest that the right hemisphere may be specifically involved in the processing of empathy-related tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Flasbeck
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Dhindsa K, Gauder KD, Marszalek KA, Terpou B, Becker S. Progressive Thresholding: Shaping and Specificity in Automated Neurofeedback Training. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:2297-2305. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2878328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crespo-Llado MM, Vanderwert R, Roberti E, Geangu E. Eight-month-old infants' behavioral responses to peers' emotions as related to the asymmetric frontal cortex activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17152. [PMID: 30464309 PMCID: PMC6249297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are sensitive to and converge emotionally with peers' distress. It is unclear whether these responses extend to positive affect and whether observing peer emotions motivates infants' behaviors. This study investigates 8-month-olds' asymmetric frontal EEG during peers' cry and laughter, and its relation to approach and withdrawal behaviors. Participants observed videos of infant crying or laughing during two separate sessions. Frontal EEG alpha power was recorded during the first, while infants' behaviors and emotional expressions were recorded during the second session. Facial and vocal expressions of affect suggest that infants converge emotionally with their peers' distress, and, to a certain extent, with their happiness. At group level, the crying peer elicited right lateralized frontal activity. However, those infants with reduced right and increased left frontal activity in this situation, were more likely to approach their peer. Overall, 8-month-olds did not show asymmetric frontal activity in response to peer laughter. But, those infants who tended to look longer at their happy peer were more likely to respond with left lateralized frontal activity. The link between variations in left frontal activity and simple approach behaviors indicates the presence of a motivational dimension to infants' responses to distressed peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Crespo-Llado
- Lancaster University Department of Psychology Bailrigg, Fylde College, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ross Vanderwert
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science School of Psychology - Cardiff University Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisa Roberti
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca Department of Psychology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Geangu
- University of York, Department of Psychology, Heslington, York, UK.
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Geraldo A, Azeredo A, Pasion R, Dores AR, Barbosa F. Fostering advances to neuropsychological assessment based on the Research Domain Criteria: The bridge between cognitive functioning and physiology. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:327-356. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1523467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Geraldo
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Institute Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Azeredo
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artemisa Rocha Dores
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Institute Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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69
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Ocklenburg S, Friedrich P, Schmitz J, Schlüter C, Genc E, Güntürkün O, Peterburs J, Grimshaw G. Beyond frontal alpha: investigating hemispheric asymmetries over the EEG frequency spectrum as a function of sex and handedness. Laterality 2018; 24:505-524. [PMID: 30388061 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1543314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frontal alpha EEG asymmetry, an indirect marker of asymmetries in relative frontal brain activity, are widely used in research on lateralization of emotional processing. While most authors focus on frontal electrode pairs (e.g., F3/F4 or F7/F8), several recent studies have indicated that EEG asymmetries can also be observed outside the frontal lobe and in frequency bands other than alpha. Because the focus of most EEG asymmetry research is on the correlations between asymmetry and other traits, much less is known about the distribution of patterns of asymmetry at the population level. To systematically assess these asymmetries in a representative sample, we determined EEG asymmetries across the head in the alpha, beta, delta and theta frequency bands in 235 healthy adults. We found significant asymmetries in all four frequency bands and across several brain areas, indicating that EEG asymmetries are not limited to frontal alpha. Asymmetries were not modulated by sex. They were modulated by direction of hand preference, with stronger right-handedness predicting greater right (relative to left) alpha power, or greater left (relative to right) activity. Taken together, the present results show that EEG asymmetries other than frontal alpha represent markers of asymmetric brain function that should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Judith Schmitz
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Erhan Genc
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- b Biological Psychology , Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Bochum , Germany
| | - Gina Grimshaw
- c Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab , School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
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70
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Angus DJ, Harmon-Jones E. The anger incentive delay task: A novel method for studying anger in neuroscience research. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13290. [PMID: 30246254 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other basic emotions, anger is relatively difficult to produce in the lab, with the most reliable methods involving elaborate and time-consuming manipulations. These factors preclude the possibility of using them for studying short-lived changes in neural activity associated with the subjective experience of anger. In this paper, we present a novel task that allows for the trial-by-trial manipulation of anger and the examination of associated ERPs. Participants completed an incentive delay task, in which accurate responses were rewarded with monetary gains (or breaking even, in a neutral condition), and inaccurate responses were punished with monetary losses. After participants received accuracy feedback, they received information that indicated the amount of money they won or lost on that trial. On a majority of trials, this amount was consistent with the feedback stimuli, while on a minority of trials this amount was inconsistent. Results indicated that participants reported the most anger after trials where goal pursuit was frustrated by monetary losses despite accurate responses. P3b amplitudes were greater for inconsistent outcomes than consistent outcomes, regardless of whether these resulted in unexpected gains or frustrating losses. On frustrating trials, P3b amplitudes were positively correlated with self-reported anger. The same correlation was not observed for trials with stimuli that signaled surprise gains. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Jozef Angus
- Gambling Treatment and Research Clinic, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eddie Harmon-Jones
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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71
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Abstract
In recent years, many studies have shown that perceiving other individuals' direct gaze has robust effects on various attentional and cognitive processes. However, considerably less attention has been devoted to investigating the affective effects triggered by eye contact. This article reviews research concerning the effects of others' gaze direction on observers' affective responses. The review focuses on studies in which affective reactions have been investigated in well-controlled laboratory experiments, and in which contextual factors possibly influencing perceivers' affects have been controlled. Two important themes emerged from this review. First, explicit affective evaluations of seeing another's direct versus averted gaze have resulted in rather inconsistent findings; some studies report more positive subjective feelings to direct compared to averted gaze, whereas others report the opposite pattern. These contradictory findings may be related, for example, to differences between studies in terms of the capability of direct-gaze stimuli to elicit feelings of self-involvement. Second, studies relying on various implicit measures have reported more consistent results; they indicate that direct gaze increases affective arousal, and more importantly, that eye contact automatically evokes a positively valenced affective reaction. Based on the review, possible psychological mechanisms for the positive affective reactions elicited by eye contact are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari K. Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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72
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Allen JJB, Keune PM, Schönenberg M, Nusslock R. Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry and emotion: From neural underpinnings and methodological considerations to psychopathology and social cognition. Psychophysiology 2018; 55. [PMID: 29243266 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Philipp M Keune
- Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Department of Neurology, Bayreuth, Germany.,Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schönenberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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73
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Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Resilience Against Emotional Distress: An Integrative Brain-Personality-Symptom Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 1:e8. [PMID: 32435728 PMCID: PMC7219678 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying individual differences that predict resilience or vulnerability to emotional distress is crucial for identifying etiological factors contributing to affective disturbances, and to promoting emotional well-being. Despite recent progress identifying specific brain regions and personality traits, it remains unclear whether there are common factors underlying the structural aspects of the brain and the personality traits that, in turn, protect against symptoms of emotional distress. In the present study, an integrative structural equation model was developed to examine the associations among (1) a latent construct of Control, representing the volumes of a system of prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions including middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices; (2) a latent construct of Resilience personality traits including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism; and (3) Anxiety and Depression symptoms, in a sample of 85 healthy young adults. Results showed that the latent construct of PFC volumes positively predicted the latent construct of Resilience, which in turn negatively predicted Anxiety. Mediation analysis confirmed that greater latent PFC volume is indirectly associated with lower Anxiety symptoms through greater latent trait Resilience. The model did not show a significant mediation for Depression. These results support the idea that there are common volumetric and personality factors that help protect against symptoms of emotional distress. These findings provide strong evidence that such brain-personality-symptom approaches can provide novel insights with valuable implications for understanding the interaction of these factors in healthy and clinically diagnosed individuals.
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74
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Vanutelli ME, Gatti L, Angioletti L, Balconi M. May the Best Joint-Actions Win: Physiological Linkage During Competition. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2018; 43:227-237. [PMID: 29978392 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work showed that, when we interact with other people, an alignment of psychophysiological measures occur as a clue about the intensity of the social interaction. Available evidence highlighted increase autonomic synchrony, known as physiological linkage, during intense dyadic situations, like conflictual conversations within romantic couples, friends, or therapeutic settings. Starting from the idea that higher physiological linkage could support better performance and be correlated with approach attitudes (Behavioral Activation System, BAS), in the present study a conflictual situation was proposed by making subjects compete during an attentional task and stressing the importance to win as a measure of future professional success. Autonomic activity (electrodermal: skin conductance level and response: SCL, SCR; and cardiovascular indices: heart rate: HR) was recorded during the task, where subjects received trial-related feedbacks on their performance, and an average score halfway which (fictitiously) assessed their position in terms of accuracy and reaction times with respect to the opponent. In parallel, behavioral inhibition and activation have been assessed by means of the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Questionnaire (BIS/BAS). 32 subjects coupled in 16 dyads were recruited. Intra-subject analyses revealed that, after the general evaluation assessing a winning condition, the behavioral performance improved and the electrodermal response increased. Also, correlational analyses showed a relation between BAS, and specifically BAS reward, with SCR. Inter-subject analyses showed higher synchrony in SCR and HR after the feedback. Such results confirm the increased synchronic effect after a highly conflictual condition, and the presence of a relation between subjective performance, approach-related motivations, and physiological linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elide Vanutelli
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Gatti
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
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75
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Loeber S, Rustemeier M, Paslakis G, Pietrowsky R, Müller A, Herpertz S. Mood and restrained eating moderate food-associated response inhibition in obese individuals with binge eating disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:346-353. [PMID: 29674225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) show deficits in response inhibition, but findings are not consistent, especially when food-associated stimuli are presented. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of moderating factors by taking into account restrained eating and mood. Seventeen obese women with BED, 20 obese women without BED and 20 normal-weight controls (NW) were recruited. A go/no-go task with food-associated and control stimuli and questionnaires were administered. Obese BED showed less impairment of response inhibition to food-associated than to control stimuli, while this pattern was reversed in NW; no differences were observed for obese participants. Interestingly, group differences were moderated by the interaction of restrained eating and mood, and obese BED made the most commission errors to food-associated stimuli when they were restrained eaters and in a very positive mood at the time of testing. Our results might explain why some studies did not observe deficits in response inhibition to food-associated cues in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, Bamberg 96047, Germany.
| | - Martina Rustemeier
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, Bochum 44791, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, Bochum 44791, Germany
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76
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Asymmetric hemisphere activation in tenderness: evidence from EEG signals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8029. [PMID: 29795119 PMCID: PMC5966511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are processed asymmetrically by the human brain. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the alpha band (8–13 Hz), is a sensitive indicator of asymmetric brain activity in the frontal cortex. The current study aimed to analyze the frontal EEG asymmetries in terms of valence and motivational direction. We presented 37 participants with three film excerpts that were selected from the standard emotional film database to elicit three target emotions: tenderness, anger, and neutrality. Participants’ self-reports on their induced emotional responses and EEG signals were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that individuals displayed lower alpha power in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere when they were watching a tender film, indicating that tenderness was positive and related to approach motivation. In contrast, when watching an angry movie, participants showed higher alpha power in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere, suggesting that anger was negative and associated with withdrawal motivation. These findings help to link positive and approach-motivated tenderness with greater left hemispheric activation and state-anger with greater right hemispheric activation through the analysis of FAA.
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77
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Trofimova I. Functionality versus dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170167. [PMID: 29483351 PMCID: PMC5832691 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper applies evolutionary and functional constructivism approaches to the discussion of psychological taxonomies, as implemented in the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). FET asserts that neurochemical systems developed in evolution to regulate functional-dynamical aspects of construction of actions: orientation, selection (integration), energetic maintenance, and management of automatic behavioural elements. As an example, the paper reviews the neurochemical mechanisms of interlocking between emotional dispositions and performance capacities. Research shows that there are no specific neurophysiological systems of positive or negative affect, and that emotional valence is rather an integrative product of many brain systems during estimations of needs and the capacities required to satisfy these needs. The interlocking between emotional valence and functional aspects of performance appears to be only partial since all monoamine and opioid receptor systems play important roles in non-emotional aspects of behaviour, in addition to emotionality. This suggests that the Positive/Negative Affect framework for DSM/ICD classifications of mental disorders oversimplifies the structure of non-emotionality symptoms of these disorders. Contingent dynamical relationships between neurochemical systems cannot be represented by linear statistical models searching for independent dimensions (such as factor analysis); nevertheless, these relationships should be reflected in psychological and psychiatric taxonomies.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- CILab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 92 Bowman Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 2T6
- OISE, Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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78
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79
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Kim SK, Kang HB. An analysis of fear of crime using multimodal measurement. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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80
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Fay AJ, Bovier ER. Testing a Curvilinear Relationship between Chemosensory Responsivity and Avoidance Motivation. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-018-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Poole KL, Santesso DL, Van Lieshout RJ, Schmidt LA. Trajectories of frontal brain activity and socio-emotional development in children. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:353-363. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L. Poole
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Diane L. Santesso
- Department of Psychology; University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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82
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Veenstra L, Bushman BJ, Koole SL. The facts on the furious: a brief review of the psychology of trait anger. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 19:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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83
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Amd M, Roche B. Transforming valences through transitive inference: How are faces emotionally dissonant? Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 70:2478-2496. [PMID: 27734752 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1246576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Information that is emotionally incongruous with self-concepts can produce feelings of unease. This implies that embedding incongruous information in newly formed relational structures would have little effect on their previous emotive properties. Alternatively, Relational Frame Theory highlights the importance of contextualized stimulus-stimulus relations, where the structure of a relational series is key in determining the function of its elements. To see whether series membership can mitigate 'dissonance' when a salient element is employed, the present investigation trained and tested a seven-term relational series (X>A>B>C>D>E>Y) using blurred faces as stimuli. Specifically, Stimuli X, A, B, D, E and Y were blurred unfamiliar faces and Stimulus C constituted of the participant's own blurred face, assumed to be more salient than the former. To assess how the valences of the related stimuli were transformed by relational series membership, self-report ratings and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were collected before and after training the X>A>B>C>D>E>Y series. These pre vs. post contrasts revealed that, for unfamiliar faces, stimulus valence transformed as a function of relational structure. Conversely, the lack of difference in pre vs. post contrasts of Stimulus C, which maintained a high valence, suggest that relational series membership may not suffice to mitigate emotionally dissonant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Amd
- a Department of Psychology , Maynooth University Maynooth , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland.,b Department of Psychology , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Bryan Roche
- a Department of Psychology , Maynooth University Maynooth , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland
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84
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Deng Y, Yang M, Zhou R. A New Standardized Emotional Film Database for Asian Culture. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1941. [PMID: 29163312 PMCID: PMC5675887 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers interested in emotions have endeavored to elicit emotional responses in the laboratory and have determined that films were one of the most effective ways to elicit emotions. The present study presented the development of a new standardized emotional film database for Asian culture. There were eight kinds of emotion: fear, disgust, anger, sadness, neutrality, surprise, amusement, and pleasure. Each kind included eight film clips, and a total of 64 emotional films were viewed by 110 participants. We analyzed both the subjective experience (valence, arousal, motivation, and dominance) and physiological response (heart rate and respiration rate) to the presentation of each film. The results of the subjective ratings indicated that our set of 64 films successfully elicited the target emotions. Heart rate declined while watching high-arousal films compared to neutral ones. Films that expressed amusement elicited the lowest respiration rate, whereas fear elicited the highest. The amount and category of emotional films in this database were considerable. This database may help researchers choose applicable emotional films for study according to their own purposes and help in studies of cultural differences in emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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85
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Abstract
Eyes have been shown to play a key role during human social interactions. However, to date, no comprehensive cross-discipline model has provided a framework that can account for uniquely human responses to eye cues. In this review, I present a framework that brings together work on the phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and neural bases of perceiving and responding to eyes. Specifically, I argue for a two-process model: a first process that ensures privileged attention to information encoded in the eyes and is important for the detection of other minds and a second process that permits the decoding of information contained in the eyes concerning another person's emotional and mental states. To some degree, these processes are unique to humans, emerge during different times in infant development, can be mapped onto distinct but interconnected brain regions, and likely serve critical functions in facilitating cooperative interactions in humans. I also present evidence to show that oxytocin is a key modulator of sensitive responding to eye cues. Viewing eyes as windows into other minds can therefore be considered a hallmark feature of human social functioning deeply rooted in our biology.
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86
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Holland AK, Mitchell GA, Steele A, Bunting J, Harrison DW. Hostility and cognitive control: Evidence of increased cardiovascular reactivity as a function of exposure to affective stress using a dichotic listening paradigm. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 131:57-66. [PMID: 28890181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Indices of cognitive control were examined in men with high and low levels of trait hostility as a function of exposure to affective and cognitive stress. A dual concurrent task paradigm was used whereby participants intentionally directed focus to the left or right ear under dichotic listening conditions before and after exposure to angry infant vocalizations. Analysis of the behavioral data supports the prediction of reduced right frontal regulatory control in men with high levels of hostility as indicated by diminished capacity to suppress report of phonemes presented to the language dominant left hemisphere (right ear) in the Focus Left condition. This diminishment in the capacity to suppress report of phonemes presented to the right ear in the Focus Left condition is suggestive of reduced cognitive control. With respect to the neurophysiological data, heart rate increased for only men with high levels of hostility in the Focus Left condition, and this was especially evident in the post-affective stress condition. This increase in right hemisphere arousal provides additional evidence of reduced cognitive control and support for the capacity model of hostility by implicating poor right frontal regulatory control over right posterior cerebral regions under dual task conditions. The results are discussed in terms of integrating the construct of cognitive control into the capacity model as well as providing implications regarding reductions in the capacity to suppress predominant aggressive responses in domestic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Holland
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Lancaster, 476 Hubbard Drive, Lancaster, SC 29720, USA.
| | - Gina A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Adams State College, 208 Edgemont Blvd, Alamosa, CO 81102, USA.
| | - Angela Steele
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Lancaster, 476 Hubbard Drive, Lancaster, SC 29720, USA.
| | - Jessica Bunting
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Lancaster, 476 Hubbard Drive, Lancaster, SC 29720, USA.
| | - David W Harrison
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 925 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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87
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Moridis CN, Terzis V, Economides AA, Karlovasitou A, Karabatakis VE. Using EEG Frontal Asymmetry to Predict IT User's Perceptions Regarding Usefulness, Ease of Use and Playfulness. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2017; 43:1-11. [PMID: 28871504 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-017-9379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Information systems (IS) community is increasingly interested in employing neuroscience tools and methods in order to develop new theories concerning Human-computer interaction (HCI) and further understand IS acceptance models. The new field of NeuroIS has been introduced to address these issues. NeuroIS researchers have proposed encephalography (EEG), among other neuroscience instruments, as a valuable usability metric, when used effectively in appropriately designed experiments. Moreover, numerous researchers have suggested that EEG frontal asymmetry may serve as an important metric of user experience. Based on the aforementioned evidence, this study aims to integrate frontal asymmetry with Technology acceptance model (TAM). Particularly, we assumed that frontal asymmetry might predict users' perceptions regarding Usefulness and Ease of Use. Furthermore, we hypothesized that frontal asymmetry might also affect (influence) users' Perceived Playfulness. Specifically, 82 (43 females and 39 males) undergraduate students were chosen to use a Computer-Based Assessment (while being connected to the EEG) in the context of an introductory informatics course. Results confirmed our hypothesis as well as points of theory about Information technology (IT) acceptance variables. This is one of the first studies to suggest that frontal asymmetry could serve as a valuable tool for examining IT acceptance constructs and better understanding HCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos N Moridis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki - Moudania, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasileios Terzis
- Hellenic Electricity Distribution, Network Operator S.A., 20, Perraivou & 5, Kallirois str., Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Economides
- Interdepartmental Programme of Postgraduate Studies in Information Systems, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Street 156, 540 06, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karlovasitou
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios E Karabatakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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88
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Chen T, Peltola MJ, Dunn R, Pajunen SM, Hietanen JK. Modulation of the eyeblink and cardiac startle reflexes by genuine eye contact. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1872-1881. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingji Chen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory; Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Mikko J. Peltola
- Human Information Processing Laboratory; Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Richard Dunn
- Human Information Processing Laboratory; Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Sanna M. Pajunen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory; Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Jari K. Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory; Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
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89
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Nusslock R, Shackman AJ, McMenamin BW, Greischar LL, Davidson RJ, Kovacs M. Comorbid anxiety moderates the relationship between depression history and prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [PMID: 28755454 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The internalizing spectrum of psychiatric disorders-depression and anxiety-are common, highly comorbid, and challenging to treat. Individuals with childhood onset depression have a particularly poor prognosis. There is compelling evidence that individuals with depression display reduced resting-state EEG activity at sensors overlying the left prefrontal cortex, even during periods of remission, but it remains unknown whether this asymmetry is evident among individuals with a comorbid anxiety disorder. Here, we demonstrate that women with a history of childhood onset depression and no anxiety disorder (n = 37) show reduced left lateral frontal activity compared to psychiatrically healthy controls (n = 69). In contrast, women with a history of childhood onset depression and pathological levels of anxious apprehension (n = 18)-as indexed by a current generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, or separation anxiety disorder diagnosis-were statistically indistinguishable from healthy controls. Collectively, these observations suggest that anxious apprehension can mask the relationship between prefrontal EEG asymmetry and depression. These findings have implications for understanding (a) prefrontal EEG asymmetry as a neurophysiological marker of depression, (b) the comorbidity of depression and anxiety, and (c) failures to replicate the relationship between prefrontal EEG asymmetry and depression. More broadly, they set the stage for developing refined interventions for internalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Brenton W McMenamin
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lawrence L Greischar
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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90
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Schnuerch R, Pfattheicher S. Motivated malleability: Frontal cortical asymmetry predicts the susceptibility to social influence. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:480-494. [PMID: 28699831 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1355333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Humans, just as many other animals, regulate their behavior in terms of approaching stimuli associated with pleasure and avoiding stimuli linked to harm. A person's current and chronic motivational direction - that is, approach versus avoidance orientation - is reliably reflected in the asymmetry of frontal cortical low-frequency oscillations. Using resting electroencephalography (EEG), we show that frontal asymmetry is predictive of the tendency to yield to social influence: Stronger right- than left-side frontolateral activation during a resting-state session prior to the experiment was robustly associated with a stronger inclination to adopt a peer group's judgments during perceptual decision-making (Study 1). We posit that this reflects the role of a person's chronic avoidance orientation in socially adjusted behavior. This claim was strongly supported by additional survey investigations (Studies 2a, 2b, 2c), all of which consistently revealed that trait avoidance was positively linked to the susceptibility to social influence. The present contribution thus stresses the relevance of chronic avoidance orientation in social conformity, refining (yet not contradicting) the longstanding view that socially influenced behavior is motivated by approach-related goals. Moreover, our findings valuably underscore and extend our knowledge on the association between frontal cortical asymmetry and a variety of psychological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schnuerch
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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91
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Dasdemir Y, Yildirim E, Yildirim S. Analysis of functional brain connections for positive-negative emotions using phase locking value. Cogn Neurodyn 2017; 11:487-500. [PMID: 29147142 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the brain networks during positive and negative emotions for different types of stimulus (audio only, video only and audio + video) in [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] bands in terms of phase locking value, a nonlinear method to study functional connectivity. Results show notable hemispheric lateralization as phase synchronization values between channels are significant and high in right hemisphere for all emotions. Left frontal electrodes are also found to have control over emotion in terms of functional connectivity. Besides significant inter-hemisphere phase locking values are observed between left and right frontal regions, specifically between left anterior frontal and right mid-frontal, inferior-frontal and anterior frontal regions; and also between left and right mid frontal regions. ANOVA analysis for stimulus types show that stimulus types are not separable for emotions having high valence. PLV values are significantly different only for negative emotions or neutral emotions between audio only/video only and audio only/audio + video stimuli. Finding no significant difference between video only and audio + video stimuli is interesting and might be interpreted as that video content is the most effective part of a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Dasdemir
- Computer Engineering Department, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Esen Yildirim
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serdar Yildirim
- Computer Engineering Department, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
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92
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Schmid PC, Hackel LM, Jasperse L, Amodio DM. Frontal cortical effects on feedback processing and reinforcement learning: Relation of EEG asymmetry with the feedback-related negativity and behavior. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [PMID: 28675507 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement learning refers to the acquisition of approach or avoidance action tendencies through repeated reward/nonreward feedback. Although much research on reinforcement learning has focused on the striatum, the prefrontal cortex likely modulates this process. Given prior research demonstrating a consistent pattern of lateralized frontal cortical activity in affective responses and approach/avoidance tendencies in the EEG literature, we aimed to elucidate the role of frontal EEG asymmetry in reinforcement learning. Thirty-two participants completed a probabilistic selection task in which they learned to select some targets and avoid others though correct/incorrect feedback. EEG indices of frontal cortical asymmetry were computed from alpha power recorded at baseline and during task completion. We also examined the feedback-related negativity ERP component to assess feedback processing associated with activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Results revealed that greater right-lateralized frontal cortical activity during learning was associated with better avoidance learning, but neither left- nor right-sided asymmetry reliably related to approach learning. Results also suggested that left frontal activity may relate to reinforcement feedback processing, as indicated by the feedback-related negativity (FRN). These findings offer preliminary evidence regarding the role of frontal cortical activity in reinforcement learning while integrating classic and contemporary research on lateralized frontal cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Schmid
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David M Amodio
- New York University, New York, New York.,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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93
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Nusslock R, Alloy LB. Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective. J Affect Disord 2017; 216:3-16. [PMID: 28237133 PMCID: PMC6661152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two objectives of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative are to identify (a) mechanisms that are common to multiple psychiatric disorders, and (b) mechanisms that are unique to specific psychiatric symptoms, and that reflect markers of differential risk for these symptoms. With respect to these objectives, a brain-behavior dimension that has received considerable attention and that is directly relevant to the Positive Valence Systems domain of the RDoC initiative involves reward processing. METHODS The present review paper first examines the relationship between reward processing and mood-related symptoms from an RDoC perspective. We then place this work in a larger context by examining the relationship between reward processing abnormalities and psychiatric symptoms defined broadly, including mood-related symptoms, schizophrenia, and addiction. RESULTS Our review suggests that reward hyposensitivity relates to a subtype of anhedonia characterized by motivational deficits in unipolar depression, and reward hypersensitivity relates to a cluster of hypo/manic symptoms characterized by excessive approach motivation in the context of bipolar disorder. Integrating this perspective with research on reward processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and addiction, we further argue that the principles of equifinality and multifinality may be preferable to a transdiagnostic perspective for conceptualizing the relationship between reward processing and psychiatric symptoms defined broadly. CONCLUSION We propose that vulnerability to either motivational anhedonia or approach-related hypo/manic symptoms involve extreme and opposite profiles of reward processing. We further propose that an equifinality and multifinality perspective may serve as a useful framework for future research on reward processing abnormalities and psychiatric symptoms.
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94
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Rodrigues J, Müller M, Mühlberger A, Hewig J. Mind the movement: Frontal asymmetry stands for behavioral motivation, bilateral frontal activation for behavior. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rodrigues
- Institute of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Johannes Hewig
- Institute of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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95
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Balconi M, Vanutelli ME, Grippa E. Resting state and personality component (BIS/BAS) predict the brain activity (EEG and fNIRS measure) in response to emotional cues. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00686. [PMID: 28523228 PMCID: PMC5434191 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study explored the role of resting state and personality component (BIS/BAS measure) on prefrontal cortical responsiveness to emotional cues. Indeed, we supposed that lateralized resting activity (right vs. left) and approach (BAS) versus avoidance (BIS) attitude may explain the successive emotional processing within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) based on the stimulus valence (positive and negative emotional cues). METHODS Hemodynamic (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures were considered. The resting and experimental brain activity were registered when subjects (N = 21) viewed emotional positive versus negative stimuli (International Affective Picture System, IAPS). LIR eeg and LIR nirs (lateralized Index Response) during resting state, and LI eeg and LI nirs during emotional processing were acquired. RESULTS A set of regression analyses was applied to the multiple measures. The predictive effect of resting activity and approach/avoidance dichotomy were elucidated. Indeed, more left/right resting activity (for both LIR eeg and LIR nirs) predicted the successive more brain left/right response (LI eeg and LI nirs) to emotional cues. Second, significant effects were revealed as a function of valence (increased right response to negative stimuli; increased left response to positive stimuli) during emotion processing. Third, higher BAS values explained an increased left cortical activity in resting state and in experimental condition for positive cues. In contrast, higher BIS values marked an increased right activity in resting state and in experimental condition in response to negative cues. CONCLUSION The significance of trait component for both resting and emotional cue processing was discussed at light of the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy.,Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
| | - Maria E Vanutelli
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy.,Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grippa
- Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
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96
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Harmon‐Jones E, Gable PA. On the role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in approach and withdrawal motivation: An updated review of the evidence. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Harmon‐Jones
- School of PsychologyThe University of New South WalesSydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Philip A. Gable
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosa Alabama
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97
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Harmon‐Jones E, Gable PA. On the role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in approach and withdrawal motivation: An updated review of the evidence. Psychophysiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12879 doi:10.1111/psyp.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Harmon‐Jones
- School of PsychologyThe University of New South WalesSydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Philip A. Gable
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosa Alabama
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98
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Interpretation of physiological indicators of motivation: Caveats and recommendations. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 119:4-10. [PMID: 28442270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Motivation scientists employing physiological measures to gather information about motivation-related states are at risk of committing two fundamental errors: overstating the inferences that can be drawn from their physiological measures and circular reasoning. We critically discuss two complementary approaches, Cacioppo and colleagues' model of psychophysiological relations and construct validation theory, to highlight the conditions under which these errors are committed and provide guidance on how to avoid them. In particular, we demonstrate that the direct inference from changes in a physiological measure to changes in a motivation-related state requires the demonstration that the measure is not related to other relevant psychological states. We also point out that circular reasoning can be avoided by separating the definition of the motivation-related state from the hypotheses that are empirically tested.
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99
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Wacker J. Effects of positive emotion, extraversion, and dopamine on cognitive stability-flexibility and frontal EEG asymmetry. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wacker
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Psychology; Universität Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
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100
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Jeronimus BF, Riese H, Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J. Why Does Frustration Predict Psychopathology? Multiple Prospective Pathways over Adolescence: A Trails Study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents’ temperamental frustration is a developmental precursor of adult neuroticism and psychopathology. Because the mechanisms that underlie the prospective association between adolescents’ high frustration and psychopathology (internalizing/externalizing) have not been studied extensively, we quantified three pathways: stress generation [mediation via selection/evocation of stressful life events (SLEs)], cross–sectional frustration–psychopathology overlap (‘carry–over’/common causes), and a direct (non–mediated) vulnerability effect of frustration, including moderation of SLE impact. Frustration and psychopathology were assessed at age 16 with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire and the Youth Self–Report. No gender differences in frustration were observed. At age 19, psychopathology was reassessed by using the Adult Self–Report, while occurrence of endogenous (self–generated) and exogenous (not self–generated) SLEs during the interval (ages 16–19) were ascertained with the Life Stress Interview, an investigator–based contextual–stressfulness rating procedure (N = 957). Half of the prospective effect of frustration on psychopathology was explained by baseline overlap, including effects of ‘carry–over’ and common causes, about 5% reflected stress generation (a ‘vicious’ cycle with the environment adolescents navigate and shape), and 45% reflected unmediated association: a direct vulnerability effect including stress sensitivity or moderation of SLE impact. After adjustment for their overlap, frustration predicted the development of externalizing but not internalizing symptoms. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertus F. Jeronimus
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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