51
|
Tangpricha V, Smith EM, Binongo J, Judd SE, Ziegler TR, Walker S, Tirouvanziam R, Zughaier SM, Lee MJ, Chesdachai S, Hermes WA, Chmiel JF, Gaggar A, Grossmann RE, Joseph PM, Alvarez JA. The Vitamin D for Enhancing the Immune System in Cystic Fibrosis (DISC) trial: Rationale and design of a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high dose bolus administration of vitamin D3 during acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 6:39-45. [PMID: 28508087 PMCID: PMC5427007 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies have found an association between vitamin D status and risk of pulmonary exacerbations in children and adults with CF. The ongoing Vitamin D for enhancing the Immune System in Cystic fibrosis (DISC) study is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that will test the hypothesis of whether high dose vitamin D given as a single oral bolus of 250,000 IU to adults with CF during a pulmonary exacerbation followed by a maintenance dose of vitamin D will improve time to next pulmonary exacerbation and re-hospitalization, improve survival and lung function compared to placebo and reduce the rates of pulmonary exacerbation,. Subjects will be randomized 1:1 at each clinical site to vitamin D or placebo within 72 hours of hospital admission for pulmonary exacerbation. Clinical follow-up visits will occur at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after randomization. Blood and sputum will be collected and determination of clinical outcomes will be assessed at each visit. The primary endpoint will be the time to next pulmonary exacerbation requiring antibiotics, re-hospitalization or death. The secondary endpoints will include lung function assessed by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), blood markers of inflammatory cytokines, anti-microbial peptide expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating concentrations in blood. Other exploratory endpoints will examine the phenotype of neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in sputum. Nutritional status will be assessed by 3 day food records and food frequency questionnaire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vin Tangpricha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Nutrition Health Sciences Program, Emory University School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ellen M. Smith
- Nutrition Health Sciences Program, Emory University School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jose Binongo
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Nutrition Health Sciences Program, Emory University School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Seth Walker
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Susu M. Zughaier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Moon Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Wendy A. Hermes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Georgia State University, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professionals, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James F. Chmiel
- University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruth E. Grossmann
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Patricia M. Joseph
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Nutrition Health Sciences Program, Emory University School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Costa J, Benvenuto LJ, Sonett JR. Long-term outcomes and management of lung transplant recipients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2017; 31:285-297. [PMID: 29110800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. Improvements in immunosuppression and therapeutic management of infections have resulted in improved long-term survival and a decline in allograft rejection. Allograft rejection continues to be a serious complication following lung transplantation, thereby leading to acute graft failure and, subsequently, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the most common phenotype of CLAD, is the leading cause of late mortality and morbidity in lung recipients, with 50% having developed BOS within 5 years of lung transplantation. Infections in lung transplant recipients are also a significant complication and represent the most common cause of death within the first year. The success of lung transplantation depends on careful management of immunosuppressive regimens to reduce the rate of rejection, while monitoring recipients for infections and complications to help identify problems early. The long-term outcomes and management of lung transplant recipients are critically based on modulating natural immune response of the recipient to prevent acute and chronic rejection. Understanding the immune mechanisms and temporal correlation of acute and chronic rejection is thus critical in the long-term management of lung recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Costa
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH 14, Room 108, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Luke J Benvenuto
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH 14, Room 104, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Joshua R Sonett
- The Price Family Center for Comprehensive Chest Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Singer JP, Katz PP, Soong A, Shrestha P, Huang D, Ho J, Mindo M, Greenland JR, Hays SR, Golden J, Kukreja J, Kleinhenz ME, Shah RJ, Blanc PD. Effect of Lung Transplantation on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of the Lung Allocation Score: A U.S. Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1334-1345. [PMID: 27743488 PMCID: PMC6085872 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Under the U.S. Lung Allocation Score (LAS) system, older and sicker patients are prioritized for lung transplantation (LT). The impact of these changes on health-related quality of life (HRQL) after transplant has not been determined. In a single-center prospective cohort study from 2010 to 2016, we assessed HRQL before and repeatedly after LT for up to 3 years using the SF12-Physical and Mental Health, the respiratory-specific Airway Questionnaire 20-Revised, and the Euroqol 5D/Visual Analog Scale utility measures by multivariate linear mixed models jointly modeled with death. We also tested changes in LT-Valued Life Activities disability, BMI, allograft function, and 6-min walk test exercise capacity as predictors of HRQL change. Among 211 initial participants (92% of those eligible), LT improved HRQL by all 5 measures (p < 0.05) and all but SF12-Mental Health improved by threefold or greater than the minimally clinically important difference. Compared to younger participants, those aged ≥65 improved less in SF12-Physical and Mental Health (p < 0.01). Improvements in disability accounted for much of the HRQL improvement. In the LAS era, LT affords meaningful and durable HRQL improvements, mediated by amelioration of disability. Identifying factors limiting HRQL improvement in selected subgroups, especially those aged ≥65, are needed to maximize the net benefits of LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - P P Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - A Soong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - P Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - M Mindo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - S R Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - M E Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - R J Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - P D Blanc
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Graarup J, Mogensen EL, Missel M, Berg SK. Life after a lung transplant: a balance of joy and challenges. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:3543-3552. [PMID: 28071839 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To describe patients' experiences throughout the first four months post-lung transplant. BACKGROUND Health professionals are familiar with the fact that patients' average survival after a lung transplant is about seven years and that 74% of these patients reject new organs within the first two years. By contrast, knowledge of these patients' perspectives after lung transplantation is scant. DESIGN/METHOD A qualitative study was conducted between May 2013-May 2014 in which 26 interviewees participated - four months post-transplant - based on a semistructured interview guide. The data were inductively analysed using a content thematic approach within a phenomenological and hermeneutic frame. RESULTS The main findings in the study reveal that (1) having a lung transplant is an overwhelming experience, which for some patients includes (2) troubling physical and psychological challenges. The interviewees were happy to get another chance to live, although some of them suffered from medical side effects, postoperative complications and psychological problems. When asked about the future, interviewees stated that life could be described as (3) a balance of joy and challenges. They had received a new chance in life and were eager to fulfil their life hopes and dreams. At the same time, they were worried about the future. Having a lung transplant implies rules that have to be followed. What are the healthy choices they are supposed to make? And will there be a tomorrow? CONCLUSIONS Having a lung transplant is described as an overwhelming experience because of the improvement in the physical function of the body. Patients were grateful to family, friends and healthcare professionals for supporting them. The first four months post-transplantation were described as both physically and psychologically challenging. Interviewees were aware of the prognosis for patients following lung transplantation. They expressed feelings of worry and insecurity but still had hopes and dreams. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The patients are troubled by both physical and psychological challenges after lung transplantation. Several areas call for interventions from healthcare professionals during the early post-transplant period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jytte Graarup
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, the Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Malene Missel
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, the Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Snyder LD, Mathew JP, Durheim MT, Hoffman BM, Rivelli SK, Palmer SM. Depressive symptoms and early mortality following lung transplantation: A pilot study. Clin Transplant 2016; 31. [PMID: 27859626 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired psychological function is common among lung transplant candidates and may affect clinical outcomes following transplantation. Although numerous studies have examined the relationship between pretransplant depression, quality of life (QoL), and post-transplant outcomes, few have examined the relationship between depression and QoL shortly following transplantation and subsequent clinical outcomes. We therefore examined the association between depression, QoL, and short-term mortality in a consecutive series of lung transplant recipients. METHODS Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and QoL (UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire; Pulmonary Quality of Life Scale) were assessed prior to transplantation (median 0.9 months [IQR=1.6]) and again approximately 2 weeks following transplantation (median=0.5 months [IQR=0.5]), in a series of 66 patients transplanted between March 2013 and April 2014. The association between psychiatric diagnoses from participants' comprehensive pretransplant assessment and mortality also was examined. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between depression, QoL, and mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2.8 years (range 0.4-3.3), 21 patients died (32%). Greater depressive symptoms assessed shortly after transplant were associated with subsequent mortality (HR=2.17 [1.01, 4.67], P=.048), and this relationship persisted after controlling for primary graft dysfunction, duration of transplant hospitalization, and gender. In contrast, neither pretransplant depression, history of depression, nor QoL was associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Greater post-transplant depressive symptoms are independently associated with mortality among lung transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laurie D Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Durheim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benson M Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah K Rivelli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|