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Monga N, Sharma S, Bhatia R, Bishnoi M, Kiran Kondepudi K, Naura AS. Immunomodulatory action of synbiotic comprising of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains against allergic asthma in mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104786. [PMID: 37984277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the reported role of gut-microbiota in asthma pathogenesis, the present work was carried to evaluate immunomodulatory action of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB31 against asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) based mouse model. Our results show that both strains modulate Th2 immune response potentially through production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), resulting in suppression of OVA-induced airway inflammation. Furthermore, synbiotic comprising of both strains and prebiotic, Isomaltooligosaccharide exhibited superior potential in amelioration of OVA-induced airway inflammation through improved modulation of Th2 immune response. Further, synbiotic protects against OVA-induced mucus hyper-production and airway-hyperresponsiveness. Such protection was associated with normalization of gut microbiome and enhanced production of SCFAs in cecum which correlates closely with population of T-regulatory cells in spleen. Overall, our novel synbiotic possesses the ability to fine-tune the immune response for providing protection against allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Monga
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ruchika Bhatia
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Arntz JL, Alhasan MM, Datye S, Kahhaleh FG, Almousa Y, Barrientos G, Schwiertz A, Conrad ML. Low-dose perinatal supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis increases concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the offspring but does not protect against allergic asthma. Int Immunol 2023; 35:475-482. [PMID: 37464466 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood allergic asthma is associated with a dysbiotic gut microbiome in early life, and maternal perinatal treatment with probiotics is a potential way alter the infant microbiome, which may improve asthma outcomes. This study used a mouse model to examine the effect of maternal supplementation with the probiotic Enterococcus faecalis on faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and asthma risk in the offspring. Pregnant/lactating mice were treated daily, from gestation day 6 to postnatal day 21, with an oral suspension of 106, 107 or 108 colony-forming units of a live preparation of the probiotic E. faecalis (Symbioflor®1). At weaning, offspring were subjected to an ovalbumin-induced experimental asthma protocol. Faeces were collected from the mothers and offspring at several different time points to determine SCFA concentrations. It was found that maternal supplementation with E. faecalis did not alter litter size, sex ratio or offspring weight, and was associated with an increase in SCFAs in offspring faeces at weaning and after allergy induction. However, allergic offspring from E. faecalis supplemented mothers showed no difference in asthma severity when compared with allergic offspring from control mothers. In conclusion, although maternal perinatal supplementation with low-dose E. faecalis was associated with increased faecal SCFAs in the offspring, it did not protect against offspring asthma. This is may be because SCFA concentrations were not increased to an immunoprotective level. We recommend that future studies concentrate on probiotic supplementation in high-risk cases, for instance, to repair gut dysbiosis resulting from antibiotic use in pregnant mothers or their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L Arntz
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Moumen M Alhasan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Swarali Datye
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Fariz G Kahhaleh
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Yahia Almousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 12203, Germany
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53
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Chen C, Sang Z, Xie Q, Xue W. Effects of hazelnut protein isolate-induced food allergy on the gut microenvironment in a BALB/c mouse model. Food Funct 2023; 14:8761-8774. [PMID: 37718731 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnuts are reported as among the nuts that cause severe allergic reactions. However, few systematic studies exist on the changes in the gut microenvironment following hazelnut allergy. This study focused on the effects of hazelnut allergy on the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon microenvironment in vivo. We established a hazelnut protein isolate (HPI)-allergic mouse model, which was distinguished by the visible allergy symptoms, dropped temperatures and enhanced allergic inflammatory factor levels in serum, such as HPI-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), sIgG2a, interleukin-4, histamine, mouse mast cell protease-1, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and lipopolysaccharide. For HPI sensitized mice, aggravated mast cell degranulation, severe morphologic damage and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, while goblet cell numbers were reduced in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Secretory IgA of the jejunum and tight junctions of the duodenum and jejunum were decreased significantly after HPI sensitization. There was no remarkable difference in the pH values of small intestinal contents, but the pH values of colonic contents were elevated, which was due to the decreased short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the colon. The antioxidant capacity of both large and small intestinal contents declined after HPI sensitization, as evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase activity. HPI sensitization induced gut microbiota dysbiosis with decreased α diversity and altered β diversity in colonic contents. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the increased characteristic genera, namely Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Helicobacter, played potentially synergistic roles in promoting allergy and gut microenvironment dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ziqing Sang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiang Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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54
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Gudneppanavar R, Sabu Kattuman EE, Teegala LR, Southard E, Tummala R, Joe B, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Epigenetic histone modification by butyrate downregulates KIT and attenuates mast cell function. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2983-2994. [PMID: 37603611 PMCID: PMC10538265 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acid butyrate is produced from the bacterial fermentation of indigestible fiber in the intestinal lumen, and it has been shown to attenuate lung inflammation in murine asthma models. Mast cells (MCs) are initiators of inflammatory response to allergens, and they play an important role in asthma. MC survival and proliferation is regulated by its growth factor stem cell factor (SCF), which acts through the receptor, KIT. It has previously been shown that butyrate attenuates the activation of MCs by allergen stimulation. However, how butyrate mechanistically influences SCF signalling to impact MC function remains unknown. Here, we report that butyrate treatment triggered the modification of MC histones via butyrylation and acetylation, and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further, butyrate treatment caused downregulation of SCF receptor KIT and associated phosphorylation, leading to significant attenuation of SCF-mediated MC proliferation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited MC function by suppressing KIT and downstream p38 and Erk phosphorylation, and it mediated these effects via modification of histones, acting as an HDAC inhibitor and not via its traditional GPR41 (FFAR3) or GPR43 (FFAR2) butyrate receptors. In agreement, the pharmacological inhibition of Class I HDAC (HDAC1/3) mirrored butyrate's effects, suggesting that butyrate impacts MC function by HDAC1/3 inhibition. Taken together, butyrate epigenetically modifies histones and downregulates the SCF/KIT/p38/Erk signalling axis, leading to the attenuation of MC function, validating its ability to suppress MC-mediated inflammation. Therefore, butyrate supplementations could offer a potential treatment strategy for allergy and asthma via epigenetic alterations in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Gudneppanavar
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Emma Elizabeth Sabu Kattuman
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Erik Southard
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Charles K. Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
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55
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Alhasan MM, Hölsken O, Duerr C, Helfrich S, Branzk N, Philipp A, Leitz D, Duerr J, Almousa Y, Barrientos G, Mohn WW, Gamradt S, Conrad ML. Antibiotic use during pregnancy is linked to offspring gut microbial dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and altered immunity along the gut-lung axis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350394. [PMID: 37431194 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with increased asthma risk in children. Since approximately 25% of women use antibiotics during pregnancy, it is important to identify the pathways involved in this phenomenon. We investigate how mother-to-offspring transfer of antibiotic-induced gut microbial dysbiosis influences immune system development along the gut-lung axis. Using a mouse model of maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, we immunophenotyped offspring in early life and after asthma induction. In early life, prenatal-antibiotic exposed offspring exhibited gut microbial dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation (increased fecal lipocalin-2 and IgA), and dysregulated intestinal ILC3 subtypes. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in the offspring was indicated by a FITC-dextran intestinal permeability assay and circulating lipopolysaccharide. This was accompanied by increased T-helper (Th)17 cell percentages in the offspring's blood and lungs in both early life and after allergy induction. Lung tissue additionally showed increased percentages of RORγt T-regulatory (Treg) cells at both time points. Our investigation of the gut-lung axis identifies early-life gut dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation, and barrier dysfunction as a possible developmental programming event promoting increased expression of RORγt in blood and lung CD4+ T cells that may contribute to increased asthma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumen M Alhasan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Hölsken
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheuma Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Duerr
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Branzk
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Philipp
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Leitz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yahia Almousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefanie Gamradt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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56
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Lim EY, Song EJ, Shin HS. Gut Microbiome as a Possible Cause of Occurrence and Therapeutic Target in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1111-1118. [PMID: 37164760 PMCID: PMC10580882 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As a long-term condition that affects the airways and lungs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation, emphysema, breathlessness, chronic cough, and sputum production. Currently, the bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed for COPD are mostly off-target, warranting new disease management strategies. Accumulating research has revealed the gut-lung axis to be a bidirectional communication system. Cigarette smoke, a major exacerbating factor in COPD and lung inflammation, affects gut microbiota composition and diversity, causing gut microbiota dysbiosis, a condition that has recently been described in COPD patients and animal models. For this review, we focused on the gut-lung axis, which is influenced by gut microbial metabolites, bacterial translocation, and immune cell modulation. Further, we have summarized the findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the association between gut microbiota and COPD to provide a basis for using gut microbiota in therapeutic strategies against COPD. Our review also proposes that further research on probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal microbiota transplantation could assist therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota to alleviate COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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57
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Notarbartolo V, Carta M, Accomando S, Giuffrè M. The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:4014. [PMID: 37764797 PMCID: PMC10534753 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease, including food allergies (FA)s, has been identified as a major global disease. The first 1000 days of life can be a "window of opportunity" or a "window of susceptibility", during which several factors can predispose children to FA development. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to infancy may play a pivotal role in this regard: some bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, seem to be protective against FA development. On the contrary, Clostridium and Staphylococcus appear to be unprotective. METHODS We conducted research on the most recent literature (2013-2023) using the PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews in English. Case reports, series, and letters were excluded. RESULTS During pregnancy, the maternal diet can play a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota composition of newborns. After birth, human milk can promote the development of protective microbial species via human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which play a prebiotic role. Moreover, complementary feeding can modify the gut microbiota's composition. CONCLUSIONS The first two years of life are a critical period, during which several factors can increase the risk of FA development in genetically predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Notarbartolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Neonatology, “G.F. Ingrassia” Hospital Unit, ASP 6, 90131 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Carta
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Accomando
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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58
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Venter C. Immunonutrition: Diet Diversity, Gut Microbiome and Prevention of Allergic Diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:545-561. [PMID: 37827976 PMCID: PMC10570780 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.5.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are increasing both in morbidity and mortality. Genetic, environmental, and dietary factors may all be involved in this increase. Nutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and early life may play a particularly important role in preventing allergic diseases. Based on current systematic reviews, the intake of specific nutrients has failed to prevent allergic disease. Prevention strategies have shifted their focus to the overall diet which can be described using diet diversity. Infant and maternal diet diversity in pregnancy has been associated with reduced allergy outcomes in childhood. Overall, diet also seems to have a marked effect on the microbiome compared to single foods. Factors that may negate the allergy-preventative effect of overall diet diversity include the addition of emulsifiers, advanced glycation end-product content, and overuse of commercial baby foods. There is a need to perform randomized controlled trials using overall dietary intake to support international food allergy guidelines. These studies should ideally be conducted by multi-professional teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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59
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Locke A, Hung L, Upton JEM, O'Mahony L, Hoang J, Eiwegger T. An update on recent developments and highlights in food allergy. Allergy 2023; 78:2344-2360. [PMID: 37087637 DOI: 10.1111/all.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
While both the incidence and general awareness of food allergies is increasing, the variety and clinical availability of therapeutics remain limited. Therefore, investigations into the potential factors contributing to the development of food allergy (FA) and the mechanisms of natural tolerance or induced desensitization are required. In addition, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergies is needed to generate compelling, enduring, and safe treatment options. New findings regarding the contribution of barrier function, the effect of emollient interventions, mechanisms of allergen recognition, and the contributions of specific immune cell subsets through rodent models and human clinical studies provide novel insights. With the first approved treatment for peanut allergy, the clinical management of FA is evolving toward less intensive, alternative approaches involving fixed doses, lower maintenance dose targets, coadministration of biologicals, adjuvants, and tolerance-inducing formulations. The ultimate goal is to improve immunotherapy and develop precision-based medicine via risk phenotyping allowing optimal treatment for each food-allergic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Locke
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia E M Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, SickKids Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Hoang
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
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60
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Gao Y, Stokholm J, O'Hely M, Ponsonby AL, Tang MLK, Ranganathan S, Saffery R, Harrison LC, Collier F, Gray L, Burgner D, Molloy J, Sly PD, Brix S, Frøkiær H, Vuillermin P. Gut microbiota maturity mediates the protective effect of siblings on food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:667-675. [PMID: 37150361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of older siblings on allergic disease remain unclear but may relate to the infant gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether having older siblings decreases the risk of IgE-mediated food allergy by accelerating the maturation of the infant gut microbiota. METHODS In a birth cohort assembled using an unselected antenatal sampling frame (n = 1074), fecal samples were collected at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year, and food allergy status at 1 year was determined by skin prick test and in-hospital food challenge. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to derive amplicon sequence variants. Among a random subcohort (n = 323), microbiota-by-age z scores at each time point were calculated using fecal amplicon sequence variants to represent the gut microbiota maturation over the first year of life. RESULTS A greater number of siblings was associated with a higher microbiota-by-age z score at age 1 year (β = 0.15 per an additional sibling; 95% CI, 0.05-0.24; P = .003), which was in turn associated with decreased odds of food allergy (odds ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33-0.61; P < .001). Microbiota-by-age z scores mediated 63% of the protective effect of siblings. Analogous associations were not observed at younger ages. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of older siblings on the risk of developing IgE-mediated food allergy during infancy is substantially mediated by advanced maturation of the gut microbiota at age 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Developing Brain Division, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lawrence Gray
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Molloy
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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Steininger H, Moltzau-Anderson J, Lynch SV. Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101795. [PMID: 37379671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how such exposures may mediate the trajectory to childhood disease development. Over the past decade, the human microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health. This is largely due to the increasing appreciation for the myriad of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms by which microbes tune and train host immunity. Microbiomes, particularly those in early life, are shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including many of the exposures known to influence allergy and asthma risk. This has led to the over-arching hypothesis that such exposures mediate their effect on childhood atopy and asthma by altering the functions and metabolic productivity of microbiomes that shape immune function during this critical developmental period. The capacity to study microbiomes at the genetic and molecular level in humans from the pre-natal period into childhood with well-defined clinical outcomes, offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify early-life and inter-generational determinants of atopy and asthma outcomes. Moreover, such studies provide an integrative microbiome research framework that can be applied to other chronic inflammatory conditions. This review attempts to capture key studies in the field that offer insights into the developmental origins of childhood atopy and asthma, providing novel insights into microbial mediators of maladaptive immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Steininger
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Qi X, Li Y, Fang C, Jia Y, Chen M, Chen X, Jia J. The associations between dietary fibers intake and systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers, a multi-cycle study of NHANES 2015-2020. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216445. [PMID: 37720377 PMCID: PMC10501836 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1242115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been considerable growth in abnormal inflammatory reactions and immune system dysfunction, which are implicated in chronic inflammatory illnesses and a variety of other conditions. Dietary fibers have emerged as potential regulators of the human immune and inflammatory response. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the associations between dietary fibers intake and systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2020). Dietary fibers intake was defined as the mean of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio (RA), ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured to evaluate systemic immune and inflammatory states of the body. The statistical software packages R and EmpowerStats were used to examine the associations between dietary fibers intake and systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers. Results Overall, 14,392 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for age, gender, race, family monthly poverty level index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vigorous recreational activity, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and dietary inflammatory index, dietary fibers intake was inversely associated with SII (β = -2.19885, 95% CI: -3.21476 to -1.18294, p = 0.000248), SIRI (β = -0.00642, 95% CI: -0.01021 to -0.00263, p = 0.001738), NLR (β = -0.00803, 95% CI: -0.01179 to -0.00427, p = 0.000284), RA (β = -0.00266, 95% CI: -0.00401 to -0.00131, p = 0.000644), ferritin (β = -0.73086, 95% CI: -1.31385 to -0.14787, p = 0.020716), hs-CRP (β = -0.04629, 95% CI: -0.0743 to -0.01829, p = 0.002119), WBC (β = -0.01624, 95% CI: -0.02685 to -0.00563, p = 0.004066), neutrophils (β = -0.01346, 95% CI: -0.01929 to -0.00764, p = 0.000064). An inverse association between dietary fibers and PLR was observed in the middle (β = -3.11979, 95% CI: -5.74119 to -0.4984, p = 0.028014) and the highest tertile (β = -4.48801, 95% CI: -7.92369 to -1.05234, p = 0.016881) and the trend test (βtrend = -2.2626, 95% CI: -3.9648 to -0.5604, Ptrend = 0.0150). The observed associations between dietary fibers intake and SII, SIRI, NLR, RA, ferritin, hs-CRP, WBC, and neutrophils remained robust and consistent in the sensitivity analysis. No significant interaction by race was found. Conclusion Dietary fibers intake is associated with the improvement of the parameters of the immune response and inflammatory biomarkers, supporting recommendations to increase dietary fibers intake for enhanced immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Qi
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caishan Fang
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Zhengzhou Second Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meicong Chen
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Santangelo A, Corsello A, Spolidoro GCI, Trovato CM, Agostoni C, Orsini A, Milani GP, Peroni DG. The Influence of Ketogenic Diet on Gut Microbiota: Potential Benefits, Risks and Indications. Nutrients 2023; 15:3680. [PMID: 37686712 PMCID: PMC10489661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) restricts carbohydrate consumption, leading to an increase in ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, which are utilized as energy substrates. This dietary approach impacts several biochemical processes, resulting in improved clinical management of various disorders, particularly in childhood. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the efficacy of KD remain unclear. Interestingly, KD may also impact the gut microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in metabolism, nutrition, and the development of the immune and nervous systems. KD has gained popularity for its potential benefits in weight loss, blood sugar control, and certain neurological conditions. This narrative review sums up KD-related studies published over 30 years. While short-term studies have provided valuable insights into the effects of KD on the gut microbiota, persistent uncertainties surround its long-term efficacy and potential for inducing dysbiosis. The significant influence of KD on epigenetic mechanisms, intracellular pathways, and gut microbial composition underscores its potential as a therapeutic choice. However, a judicious consideration of the potential risks associated with the strict adherence to a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, and high-protein regimen over prolonged periods is imperative. As KDs gain popularity among the adolescent and young adult demographic for weight management, it becomes imperative to undertake additional research to comprehensively assess their impact on nutritional status and gut microbiota, ensuring a holistic and sustainable approach to medical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santangelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
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Jiminez V, Yusuf N. Bacterial Metabolites and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:952. [PMID: 37623895 PMCID: PMC10456496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome and gut-skin axis are popular areas of interest in recent years concerning inflammatory skin diseases. While many bacterial species have been associated with commensalism of both the skin and gastrointestinal tract in certain disease states, less is known about specific bacterial metabolites that regulate host pathways and contribute to inflammation. Some of these metabolites include short chain fatty acids, amine, and tryptophan derivatives, and more that when dysregulated, have deleterious effects on cutaneous disease burden. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of wealth surrounding bacterial metabolites of the skin and gut and their role in immune homeostasis in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiminez
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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65
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Hsu UH, Chiang BL. γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:172-182. [PMID: 37395986 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells play an essential role in allergic diseases and have emerged as a potential treatment target in recent decades. To clarify the effects of γδ T cells on atopic illnesses, we reviewed the literature on the physical roles and functions of various subsets of γδ T cells, including type 1 T helper (Th1)-like, type 2 T helper- (Th2)-like, and type 17 T helper (Th17)-like γδ T cells. Mouse Vγ1 T cells increase interleukin (IL)-4 levels and trigger B cell class switching and immunoglobulin E production. Meanwhile, mouse Vγ4 T cells and human CD8lowVδ1 T cells secrete interferon-γ and exert an anti-allergy effect similar to that of Th1 cells. Moreover, mouse Vγ6 T cells produce IL-17A, while Th17-like γδ T cells enhance neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in the acute phase of inflammation, but exert anti-inflammatory effects in the chronic phase. Human Vγ9δ2 T cells may exhibit Th1- or Th2-like characteristics in response to certain types of stimulation. In addition, the microbiota can modulate epithelial γδ T cell survival through aryl hydrocarbon receptors; these γδ T cells play crucial roles in the repair of epithelial damage, antibacterial protection, antigen tolerance, and effects of dysbiosis on allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Coppola S, Carucci L, Oglio F, Di Sarra C, Ozen G, Berni Canani R. Nutritional Strategies for the Prevention and Management of Cow's Milk Allergy in the Pediatric Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:3328. [PMID: 37571266 PMCID: PMC10421120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common pediatric food allergies. The prevalence and severity of CMA have increased dramatically in the last decades, under the pressure of environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the environmental influences, nutritional factors play a crucial role. Diet is the most modifiable factor, representing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of CMA. In this review, we report the most scientific-based nutritional strategies for preventing and managing pediatric CMA. In addition, we propose the most complete supplement of compounds able to prevent nutrient deficiencies in CMA pediatric patients and to positively influence the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Oglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Sarra
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gulsum Ozen
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Muniz AKOA, Vianna EO, Padilha LL, Nascimento JXPT, Batista RFL, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Ribeiro CCC. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Allergy Traits at Second Year of Life: BRISA Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3218. [PMID: 37513636 PMCID: PMC10383806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSBs) consumption has risen in early life and it is plausible that it might increase children's risk of allergies. In this paper, we analyzed the association of SSB consumption with allergies in children's second year of life. This study analyzed data from a São Luís BRISA prenatal cohort in the follow-up of children (n = 1144) in their second year of life. Allergy Traits were a latent variable deduced from medical diagnoses of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. SSBs were investigated as a percentage of daily calories based on 24 h recalls, including industrialized fruit juices, soft drinks, and ready-made chocolate milk. Other variables analyzed were socioeconomic status, age, body mass index z-score, episodes of diarrhea, and breastfeeding. Our finds were that higher consumption of daily calories from SSBs was associated with higher Allergy Trait values (SC = 0.174; p = 0.025); older age (SC = -0.181; p = 0.030) was associated with lower Allergy Trait values; and episodes of diarrhea were correlated with Allergy Traits (SC = 0.287; p = 0.015). SSB exposure was associated with Allergy Traits in children's second year of life; thus, abstaining from these beverages may also confer additional advantages in curtailing allergic diseases during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes Padilha
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Barbieri
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Sao Luis 65020-060, Maranhao, Brazil
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Tarrant I, Finlay BB. Human milk oligosaccharides: potential therapeutic aids for allergic diseases. Trends Immunol 2023:S1471-4906(23)00111-4. [PMID: 37438187 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood allergy, including asthma, eczema, and food allergies, is a major global health burden, with prevalence increasing dramatically and novel interventions needed. Emerging research suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), complex glycans found in breastmilk, have allergy-protective properties, indicating exciting therapeutic potential. This review evaluates current literature on the role of HMOs in allergy, assesses underlying immunological mechanisms, and discusses future research needed to translate findings into clinical implications. HMOs may mediate allergy risk through multiple structure-specific mechanisms, including microbiome modification, intestinal barrier maturation, immunomodulation, and gene regulation. Findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding encouragement and HMO-supplemented formula milk for high allergy-risk infants. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the most efficacious structures against varying allergy phenotypes and their long-term efficacy, HMOs may represent a promising complementary tool for childhood allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tarrant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Enjeti A, Sathkumara HD, Kupz A. Impact of the gut-lung axis on tuberculosis susceptibility and progression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209932. [PMID: 37485512 PMCID: PMC10358729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has remained at the forefront of the global infectious disease burden for centuries. Concerted global efforts to eliminate TB have been hindered by the complexity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the emergence of antibiotic resistant Mtb strains and the recent impact of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). Examination of the immunomodulatory role of gastrointestinal microbiota presents a new direction for TB research. The gut microbiome is well-established as a critical modulator of early immune development and inflammatory responses in humans. Recent studies in animal models have further substantiated the existence of the 'gut-lung axis', where distal gastrointestinal commensals modulate lung immune function. This gut microbiome-lung immune crosstalk is postulated to have an important correlation with the pathophysiology of TB. Further evaluation of this gut immunomodulation in TB may provide a novel avenue for the exploration of therapeutic targets. This mini-review assesses the proposed mechanisms by which the gut-lung axis impacts TB susceptibility and progression. It also examines the impact of current anti-TB therapy on the gut microbiome and the effects of gut dysbiosis on treatment outcomes. Finally, it investigates new therapeutic targets, particularly the use of probiotics in treatment of antibiotic resistant TB and informs future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Enjeti
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra Darshana Sathkumara
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Lionetti P, Wine E, Ran Ressler R, Minor GJ, Major G, Zemrani B, Gottrand F, Romano C. Use of fiber-containing enteral formula in pediatric clinical practice: an expert opinion review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:665-675. [PMID: 37278084 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2217355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children who require enteral nutrition often report gastrointestinal symptoms. There is a growing interest in nutrition formulas that meet nutritional requirements and also maintain gut ecology and function. Fiber-containing enteral formulas can improve bowel function, promote the growth of healthy gut microbiota, and improve immune homeostasis. Nonetheless, guidance in clinical practice is lacking. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion article summarizes the available literature and collects the opinion of eight experts on the importance and use of fiber-containing enteral formulas in pediatrics. The present review was supported by a bibliographical literature search on Medline via PubMed to collect the most relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION The current evidence supports using fibers in enteral formulas as first-line nutrition therapy. Dietary fibers should be considered for all patients receiving enteral nutrition and can be slowly introduced from six months of age. Fiber properties that define the functional/physiological properties of the fiber must be considered. Clinicians should balance the dose of fiber with tolerability and feasibility. Introducing fiber-containing enteral formulas should be considered when initiating tube feeding. Dietary fiber should be introduced gradually, especially in fiber-naïve children, with an individualized symptom-based approach. Patients should continue with the fiber-containing enteral formulas they tolerate best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lionetti
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence - Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eytan Wine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rinat Ran Ressler
- Nestle Product Technology Center, Nestlé Health Sciences, Bridgewater, NJ, US
| | - Gerard J Minor
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Kidz Medical Services, Florida, USA
| | - Giles Major
- Department Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boutaina Zemrani
- Clinical Research and Development, Pediatric Medical Nutrition, Nestlé Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Messina, Italy
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Mohanan MM, Shetty R, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Mudnakudu-Nagaraju KK. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Allergy: A Prophylactic Therapy for Future. Immunol Lett 2023:S0165-2478(23)00096-2. [PMID: 37271295 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are broadly classified as IgE-mediated type-I hypersensitivity immune reactions due to exposure to typically harmless substances known as allergens. These allergenic substances activate antigen presenting cells, which further triggers T-helper 2 cells immune response and class switch B-cells for synthesis of allergen-specific IgE, followed by classical activation of inflammatory mast cells and eosinophils, which releases preformed mediators involved in the cascade of allergic symptoms. However, the role of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair ability and immunomodulation, makes them as an appropriate tool for treatment of various allergic diseases. Several clinical and preclinical studies show that MSCs could be a promising alternative therapy to allergic diseases. Further, short chain fatty acids, produced from gut microbes by breaking down complex fibre-rich foods, acts through G-coupled receptor mediated activation of MSCs, and their role as key players involved in amelioration of allergic inflammation needs further investigation. Therefore, there is a need for understating the role of SCFAs on the activation of MSCs, which might shed light on the development of new therapeutic regime in allergy treatment. In summary, this review focuses on the underlying of therapeutic role of MSCs in different allergic diseases and the prospects of SCFA and MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudula M Mohanan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhakrishna Shetty
- Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen
- Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kiran Kumar Mudnakudu-Nagaraju
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India..
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72
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Alashkar Alhamwe B, López JF, Zhernov Y, von Strandmann EP, Karaulov A, Kolahian S, Geßner R, Renz H. Impact of local human microbiota on the allergic diseases: Organ-organ interaction. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13976. [PMID: 37366206 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous impact of local dysbiosis on the development of allergic diseases in the same organ has been thoroughly studied. However, much less is known about the heterogeneous influence of dysbiosis within one organ on allergic diseases in other organs. A comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature revealed that most of the relevant publications focus on only three organs: gut, airways, and skin. Moreover, the interactions appear to be mainly unidirectional, that is, dysbiotic conditions of the gut being associated with allergic diseases of the airways and the skin. Similar to homogeneous interactions, early life appears to be not only a crucial period for the formation of the microbiota in one organ but also for the later development of allergic diseases in other organs. In particular, we were able to identify a number of specific bacterial and fungal species/genera in the intestine that were repeatedly associated in the literature with either increased or decreased allergic diseases of the skin, like atopic dermatitis, or the airways, like allergic rhinitis and asthma. The reported studies indicate that in addition to the composition of the microbiome, also the relative abundance of certain microbial species and the overall diversity are associated with allergic diseases of the corresponding organs. As anticipated for human association studies, the underlying mechanisms of the organ-organ crosstalk could not be clearly resolved yet. Thus, further work, in particular experimental animal studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms linking dysbiotic conditions of one organ to allergic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa, Syria
| | - Juan-Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Yury Zhernov
- Department of General Hygiene, F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Geßner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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73
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Pantazi AC, Mihai CM, Balasa AL, Chisnoiu T, Lupu A, Frecus CE, Mihai L, Ungureanu A, Kassim MAK, Andrusca A, Nicolae M, Cuzic V, Lupu VV, Cambrea SC. Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Allergies in Children: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112529. [PMID: 37299492 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a diverse and complex microecosystem that lives and thrives within the human body. The microbiota stabilizes by the age of three. This microecosystem plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in the early years of life. Dysbiosis has been linked to the development of various allergic diseases with potential long-term implications. Next-generation sequencing methods have established that allergic diseases are associated with dysbiosis. These methods can help to improve the knowledge of the relationship between dysbiosis and allergic diseases. The aim of this review paper is to synthesize the current understanding on the development of the intestinal microbiota in children, the long-term impact on health, and the relationship between dysbiosis and allergic diseases. Furthermore, we examine the connection between the microbiome and specific allergies such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies, and which mechanisms could determine the induction of these diseases. Furthermore, we will review how factors such as mode of delivery, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, and the environment influence the development of the intestinal flora, as well as review various interventions for the prevention and treatment of gut microbiota-related allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Adriana Luminita Balasa
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Corina Elena Frecus
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Larisia Mihai
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Adina Ungureanu
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Antonio Andrusca
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Nicolae
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Viviana Cuzic
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Claudia Cambrea
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, "Ovidius" University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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Ozen M, Piloquet H, Schaubeck M. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Clinical Potential of a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Milk. Nutrients 2023; 15:2207. [PMID: 37432320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides the ideal nutrition for infants. Human milk contains a plethora of functional ingredients which foster the development of the immune system. The human milk microbiota predominantly contributes to this protective effect. This is mediated by various mechanisms, such as an antimicrobial effect, pathogen exclusion and barrier integrity, beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota, vitamin synthesis, immunity enhancement, secreted probiotic factors, and postbiotic mechanisms. Therefore, human milk is a good source for isolating probiotics for infants who cannot be exclusively breastfed. One such probiotic which was isolated from human milk is Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716. In this review, we give an overview of available interventional studies using Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and summarise preclinical trials in several animal models of different pathologies, which have given first insights into its mechanisms of action. We present several randomised clinical studies, which have been conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 strain in supporting the host's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Ozen
- School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hugues Piloquet
- Department of Paediatric Chronic Diseases, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
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75
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Chen C, Liu C, Zhang K, Xue W. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids in food allergy. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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76
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Devonshire A, Gautam Y, Johansson E, Mersha TB. Multi-omics profiling approach in food allergy. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100777. [PMID: 37214173 PMCID: PMC10199264 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) among children is increasing, affecting nearly 8% of children, and FA is the most common cause of anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis-related emergency department visits in children. Importantly, FA is a complex, multi-system, multifactorial disease mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and type 2 immune responses and involving environmental and genetic factors and gene-environment interactions. Early exposure to external and internal environmental factors largely influences the development of immune responses to allergens. Genetic factors and gene-environment interactions have established roles in the FA pathophysiology. To improve diagnosis and identification of FA therapeutic targets, high-throughput omics approaches have emerged and been applied over the past decades to screen for potential FA biomarkers, such as genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. In this article, we provide an overview of the current status of FA omics studies, namely genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, exposomic, and metabolomic. The current development of multi-omics integration of FA studies is also briefly discussed. As individual omics technologies only provide limited information on the multi-system biological processes of FA, integration of population-based multi-omics data and clinical data may lead to robust biomarker discovery that could translate into advances in disease management and clinical care and ultimately lead to precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Devonshire
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yadu Gautam
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elisabet Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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77
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Wilburn AN, McAlees JW, Haslam DB, Graspeuntner S, Schmudde I, Laumonnier Y, Rupp J, Chougnet CA, Deshmukh H, Zacharias WJ, König P, Lewkowich IP. Delayed Microbial Maturation Durably Exacerbates Th17-driven Asthma in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:498-510. [PMID: 36622830 PMCID: PMC10174167 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0367oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial maturation disrupted by early-life dysbiosis has been linked with increased asthma risk and severity; however, the immunological mechanisms underpinning this connection are poorly understood. We sought to understand how delaying microbial maturation drives worsened asthma outcomes later in life and its long-term durability. Drinking water was supplemented with antibiotics on Postnatal Days 10-20. To assess the immediate and long-term effects of delaying microbial maturation on experimental asthma, we initiated house dust mite exposure when bacterial diversity was either at a minimum or had recovered. Airway hyperresponsiveness, histology, pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, flow cytometric analysis of cytokine-producing lymphocytes, and assessment of serum IgG1 (Immunoglobulin G1) and IgE (Immunoglobulin E) concentrations were performed. RT-PCR was used to measure IL-13 (Interleukin 13)-induced gene expression in sequentially sorted mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial, and leukocyte cell populations from the lung. Delayed microbial maturation increased allergen-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and Th17 frequency compared with allergen-exposed control mice, even when allergen exposure began after bacterial diversity recovered. Blockade of IL-17A (Interleukin 17A) reversed the airway hyperresponsiveness phenotype. In addition, allergen exposure in animals that experienced delayed microbial maturation showed signs of synergistic signaling between IL-13 and IL-17A in the pulmonary mesenchymal compartment. Delaying microbial maturation in neonates promotes the development of more severe asthma by increasing Th17 frequency, even if allergen exposure is initiated weeks after microbial diversity is normalized. In addition, IL-17A-aggravated asthma is associated with increased expression of IL-13-induced genes in mesenchymal, but not epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
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78
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Arezina R, Chen T, Wang D. Conventional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:447-457. [PMID: 37038544 PMCID: PMC10082417 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s393540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a major public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic guidelines for this disease recommend starting with an inhaled bronchodilator, stepping up to combination therapy as necessary, and/or adding inhaled corticosteroids as symptoms and airflow obstruction progress. However, no drug therapy exists to stop disease progression. The mechanistic definition underlying COPD pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it is generally accepted that oxidative stress and the altered immune response of low-grade airway inflammation are major factors contributing to COPD development. There are several potential therapeutic targets that are currently under investigation, including immune regulatory pathways in inflammation and lung-associated steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress signaling cascades. Patients with COPD have increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including lipid and peptide mediators, as well as a network of cytokines and chemokines that maintain inflammatory immune response and recruit circulating cells into the lungs. Many of these pro-inflammatory mediators are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 MAPK. Increased oxidative stress is a key driving mechanism in perpetuating inflammation and lung injury. Furthermore, many proteases that degrade elastin fibres are secreted by airway resident infiltrating immune cells in COPD patients. In this perspective, we discuss novel aspects of signaling pathway activation in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the broad view of potential effective pharmacotherapies that target the underlying mechanistic disease process in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radivoj Arezina
- Department of Medical, Stridon Clinical Research, Richmond Upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Correspondence: Duolao Wang, Email
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79
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Rahman T, Sarwar PF, Potter C, Comstock SS, Klepac-Ceraj V. Role of human milk oligosaccharide metabolizing bacteria in the development of atopic dermatitis/eczema. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1090048. [PMID: 37020647 PMCID: PMC10069630 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite affecting up to 20% of infants in the United States, there is no cure for atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema. Atopy usually manifests during the first six months of an infant's life and is one predictor of later allergic health problems. A diet of human milk may offer protection against developing atopic dermatitis. One milk component, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), plays an important role as a prebiotic in establishing the infant gut microbiome and has immunomodulatory effects on the infant immune system. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available information about bacterial members of the intestinal microbiota capable of metabolizing HMOs, the bacterial genes or metabolic products present in the intestinal tract during early life, and the relationship of these genes and metabolic products to the development of AD/eczema in infants. We find that specific HMO metabolism gene sets and the metabolites produced by HMO metabolizing bacteria may enable the protective role of human milk against the development of atopy because of interactions with the immune system. We also identify areas for additional research to further elucidate the relationship between the human milk metabolizing bacteria and atopy. Detailed metagenomic studies of the infant gut microbiota and its associated metabolomes are essential for characterizing the potential impact of human milk-feeding on the development of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Prioty F. Sarwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Cassie Potter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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80
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Losol P, Sokolowska M, Chang YS. Interactions between microbiome and underlying mechanisms in asthma. Respir Med 2023; 208:107118. [PMID: 36641058 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome primes host innate immunity in utero and play fundamental roles in the development, training, and function of the immune system throughout the life. Interplay between the microbiome and immune system maintains mucosal homeostasis, while alterations of microbial community dysregulate immune responses, leading to distinct phenotypic features of immune-mediated diseases including asthma. Microbial imbalance within the mucosal environments, including upper and lower airways, skin, and gut, has consistently been observed in asthma patients and linked to increased asthma exacerbations and severity. Microbiome research has increased to uncover hidden microbial members, function, and immunoregulatory effects of bacterial metabolites within the mucosa. This review provides an overview of environmental and genetic factors that modulate the composition and function of the microbiome, and the impacts of microbiome metabolites and skin microbiota on immune regulation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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81
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Vega-Cárdenas M, Martínez-Gutierrez F, Lara-Ramírez EE, Reynaga-Hernandez E, Yañez-Estrada L, Ratering S, Schnell S, Godínez-Hernández CI, Vargas-Morales JM, Portales-Pérez DP. Agave fructans enhance the effects of fermented milk products on obesity biomarkers: a randomised trial. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:153-164. [PMID: 36856122 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been implicated in childhood obesity. Oral intake of fermented milk containing Lacticaseibacillus casei strain Shirota preserves gut microbiota (GM) diversity in children and adults. This study was a double-blind trial involving 37 overweight or obese children aged 6-10 years. Children were followed over a 6-week intervention period in which they received different fermented milk products containing L. casei Shirota: 10 in the first group received just L. casei Shirota; 13 received L. casei Shirota with 3 g/day of inulin (L. casei+inulin); and 14 received L. casei Shirota with 3 g/day of fructans from Agave salmiana (L. casei+fructans). Principal component analysis showed the relationship between microbial abundance, GM metabolites, and other obesity-related markers. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics improved the HDL-cholesterol levels of overweight and obese children, although no changes in body composition were detected. We observed an increase in butyrate or propionate concentrations in the L. casei+fructans group compared to the end of the intervention (P<0.03). A diminished level of ANGPTL4 within the L. casei+fructans group (P=0.04) was also found, but no differences when lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was evaluated. The FFAR2+ cell frequency decreased between baseline and at the end of 6-week intervention in L. casei+inulin (P=0.02) and L. casei+fructans groups (P=0.04). In contrast, the percentage of CD14+FFAR3+ frequency increased in the same groups (P=0.04). The L. casei Shirota with inulin or fructans modulates GM, which improves the lipid profile and changes at a molecular level, such as expression of FFAR3 and FFAR2, ANGPTL4, propionate, and butyrate. It, therefore, could be considered an interesting therapeutic possibility for treating childhood overweight and obesity. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05423015).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vega-Cárdenas
- Research Centre for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - F Martínez-Gutierrez
- Research Centre for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.,Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - E E Lara-Ramírez
- Zacatecas Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Alameda Trinidad García de La Cadena 438, Zacatecas Centro 98000 Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - E Reynaga-Hernandez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - L Yañez-Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - S Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstr. 81 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - C I Godínez-Hernández
- Desert Zones Research Institute, UASLP, De Altair 200, Col del Llano, 78377, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - J M Vargas-Morales
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - D P Portales-Pérez
- Research Centre for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.,Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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Liang H, Jing D, Zhu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Tu W, Liu H, Pan P, Zhang Y. Association of genetic risk and lifestyle with incident adult-onset asthma in the UK Biobank cohort. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00499-2022. [PMID: 37057096 PMCID: PMC10086697 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00499-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of asthma, but whether unfavourable lifestyle is associated with similar increases in risk of developing asthma among individuals with varying genetic risk levels remains unknown. Methods A healthy lifestyle score was constructed using body mass index, smoking status, physical activities and dietary pattern to further categorise into ideal, intermediate and poor groups. Genetic risk of asthma was also categorised as three groups based on the tertiles of polygenic risk score established using 212 reported and verified single-nucleotide polymorphisms of European ancestry in the UK Biobank study. We examined the risk of incident asthma related with each lifestyle level in each genetic risk group by Cox regression models. Results Finally, 327 124 participants without baseline asthma were included, and 157 320 (48.1%) were male. During follow-up, 6238 participants (1.9%) developed asthma. Compared to ideal lifestyle in a low genetic risk group, poor lifestyle was associated with a hazard ratio of up to 3.87 (95% CI, 2.98-5.02) for developing asthma in a high genetic risk group. There was interaction between genetic risk and lifestyle, and the population-attributable fraction of lifestyle and genetic risk were 30.2% and 30.0% respectively. Conclusion In this large contemporary population, lifestyle and genetic factors jointly play critical roles in the development of asthma, and the effect values of lifestyle on incident adult-onset asthma were greater than that of genetic risk. Our findings highlighted the necessity of a comprehensive intervention for the prevention of asthma despite the genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Danrong Jing
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Corresponding author: Yan Zhang (); Pinhua Pan (); Hong Liu ()
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Koksal ZG, Uysal P, Mercan A, Bese SA, Erge D. Does maternal fermented dairy products consumption protect against cow's milk protein allergy in toddlers? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 130:333-339. [PMID: 36563745 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy in childhood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential impact on the disease of the frequency, amount, and diversity of maternal consumption of fermented dairy products (FDP) during pregnancy and lactation in children with immunoglobulin E-mediated CMPA. METHODS One hundred sixty toddlers (80 with physician-diagnosed CMPA and 80 healthy controls) and their mothers participated in this case-control study. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The most commonly consumed FDP were cheese, yogurt, and tarhana. The amounts of maternal yogurt, tarhana, and kefir consumed during pregnancy (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .04, respectively) in addition to yogurt and tarhana consumption during lactation (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively) were lower in toddlers with CMPA. The frequency of maternal consumption of yogurt, cheese, and tarhana during lactation (P = .001, P = .003, and P = .02, respectively) and the diversity of FDP were also lower in toddlers with CMPA (P = .001). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, maternal weight gain during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.18; P = .001), maternal age (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31; P < .001), and gestational age at birth (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48; P = .02) increased the odds of the baby having CMPA. The diversity of FDP consumed during lactation was protective against CMPA (OR, 0.439; 95% CI, 0.272-0.711; P = .001). CONCLUSION Weekly maternal consumption of FDP was low during pregnancy and lactation in toddlers with CMPA. Although the diversity of FDP consumed during lactation may reduce the risk of CMPA, this effect was not observed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gulec Koksal
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydin, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Uysal
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Adnan Mercan
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Simge Atar Bese
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erge
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydin, Turkey
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Furci F, Caminati M, Crisafulli E, Senna G, Gangemi S. The intriguing possibility of using probiotics in allergen-specific immunotherapy. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100751. [PMID: 36852412 PMCID: PMC9958496 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) can be considered the etiological therapy for allergic rhinitis and hymenoptera venom allergy. Its role is increasingly emerging in the context of IgE mediated food allergy, where the achievement of tolerance, or the permanent resolution of an allergy, represents the optimal goal of AIT. AIT treatment, indicated in adults and children with allergic rhinitis, has a preventative effect on the development of asthma and can also be used when asthma is associated to rhinitis; however, it is not the first choice for treatment of isolated asthma. While knowledge on immunological mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of AIT is known, an intriguing line of investigation has arisen on how the action of AIT is modulated by the use of probiotics, starting from awareness that the microbiome is altered in allergic conditions: the use of probiotics in inducing the stimulation of innate immunity via toll-like receptor activation, thus acting as adjuvants in AIT, is hereby examined. Therefore, by analyzing literature on AIT and probiotics, we intend to draw attention to how the role and use of AIT are emerging as being increasingly important for both the short- and long-term management of allergic diseases and how recourse probiotics may represent an additional therapeutic strategy to modulate the effectiveness of AIT. However, further investigations are needed to better identify which probiotics to use, the dosage, and the optimal duration to obtain correct immunomodulation, and how to best customize their use, including a "AIT + probiotics" strategy in the field of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Furci
- Asthma Centre and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Crisafulli
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma Centre and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy,Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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85
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Kim Y, Kim GT, Kang J. Microbial Composition and Stool Short Chain Fatty Acid Levels in Fibromyalgia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3183. [PMID: 36833885 PMCID: PMC9961406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate microbial diversity, taxonomic profiles, and fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS Forty participants (19 patients with FMS and 21 controls) were included in the study, and the diagnosis of FMS was made based on the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria. DNA extraction from fecal samples and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were conducted to estimate microbial composition. To compare alpha diversity, the Shannon index accounting for both evenness and richness, Pielou's evenness, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) were calculated. Unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, Jaccard distance, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity were used to calculate beta diversity. Furthermore, stool metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a generalized regression model was used to compare the SCFA of stools between FMS and healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with the control, patients with FMS had lower observed OTU (p = 0.048), Shannon's index (p = 0.044), and evenness (p < 0.001). Although patients with FMS had a lower PD than did controls, statistical significance was not reached. We observed significant differences in unweighted (p = 0.007), weighted UniFrac-based diversity (p < 0.005), Jaccard distance (p < 0.001), and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Although the FMS groups showed lower propionate levels compared with those of the control group, only marginal significance was observed (0.82 [0.051] mg/g in FMS vs. 1.16 [0.077] mg/g in the control group, p = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS The diversity of the microbiome in the FMS group was lower than that in the control group, and the reduced stool propionate levels could be associated with the decreased abundance of propionate-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
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Mohamed Elfadil O, Mundi MS, Abdelmagid MG, Patel A, Patel N, Martindale R. Butyrate: More Than a Short Chain Fatty Acid. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4. [PMID: 36763294 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanistic understanding of the importance and the potential benefits of the gut microbiome has exploded in potential roles in human health and disease. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, are one of the key metabolic end products that has been a major focus of microbiome understanding. This brief review aims to describe butyrate's relation to certain biological concepts and their clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Butyrate has reportedly been described as a potent pro-resolution molecule that has a significant role in maintaining gut immunity, supporting gut barrier function, regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), and numerous systemic roles. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of adding SCFAs for patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Butyrate plays several biological roles in intestinal epithelium anti-inflammatory pathways with clear benefits in numerous acute and chronic disease states and overall human health helping to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mohamed Elfadil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marwa G Abdelmagid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ankitaben Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nishant Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert Martindale
- Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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Stec A, Sikora M, Maciejewska M, Paralusz-Stec K, Michalska M, Sikorska E, Rudnicka L. Bacterial Metabolites: A Link between Gut Microbiota and Dermatological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043494. [PMID: 36834904 PMCID: PMC9961773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been identified in many dermatological conditions (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). One of the ways by which the microbiota affect homeostasis is through microbiota-derived molecules (metabolites). There are three main groups of metabolites: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan metabolites, and amine derivatives including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Each group has its own uptake and specific receptors through which these metabolites can exert their systemic function. This review provides up-to-date knowledge about the impact that these groups of gut microbiota metabolites may have in dermatological conditions. Special attention is paid to the effect of microbial metabolites on the immune system, including changes in the profile of the immune cells and cytokine disbalance, which are characteristic of several dermatological diseases, especially psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Targeting the production of microbiota metabolites may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in several immune-mediated dermatological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sikora
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Paralusz-Stec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Michalska
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikorska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
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Fournier E, Ratel J, Denis S, Leveque M, Ruiz P, Mazal C, Amiard F, Edely M, Bezirard V, Gaultier E, Lamas B, Houdeau E, Engel E, Lagarde F, Etienne-Mesmin L, Mercier-Bonin M, Blanquet-Diot S. Exposure to polyethylene microplastics alters immature gut microbiome in an infant in vitro gut model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130383. [PMID: 36444070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Infants are characterized by an immaturity of the gut ecosystem and a high exposure to microplastics (MPs) through diet, dust and suckling. However, the bidirectional interactions between MPs and the immature infant intestinal microbiota remain unknown. Our study aims to investigate the impact of chronic exposure to polyethylene (PE) MPs on the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier of infants, using the new Toddler mucosal Artificial Colon coupled with a co-culture of epithelial and mucus-secreting cells. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S metabarcoding and microbial activities were evaluated by gas, short chain fatty acid and volatolomics analyses. Gut barrier integrity was assessed via evaluation of intestinal permeability, inflammation and mucus synthesis. Exposure to PE MPs induced gut microbial shifts increasing α-diversity and abundance of potentially harmful pathobionts, such as Dethiosulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Those changes were associated to butyrate production decrease and major changes in volatile organic compounds profiles. In contrast, no significant impact of PE MPs on the gut barrier, as mediated by microbial metabolites, was reported. For the first time, this study indicates that ingestion of PE MPs can induce perturbations in the gut microbiome of infants. Next step would be to further investigate the potential vector effect of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeremy Ratel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, MASS Team, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Leveque
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Mazal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Amiard
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
| | - Mathieu Edely
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
| | - Valerie Bezirard
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, MASS Team, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
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Xiao X, Hu X, Yao J, Cao W, Zou Z, Wang L, Qin H, Zhong D, Li Y, Xue P, Jin R, Li Y, Shi Y, Li J. The role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1083432. [PMID: 36817115 PMCID: PMC9932284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of gut microbes that can modulate the host inflammatory response, and contribute to health and homeostasis. Since the introduction of the gut-skin axis concept, the link between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases has attracted considerable attention. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the role of SCFAs in skin inflammation, and the correlation between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and psoriasis. Studies show that SCFAs are signaling factors in the gut-skin axis and can alleviate skin inflammation. The information presented in this review provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving gut-skin axis regulation, along with possible pathways that can be targeted for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xiao
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshen Hu
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Zou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiwen Xue
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yunzhou Shi,
| | - Juan Li
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Juan Li,
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90
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Lee-Sarwar KA, Chen YC, Lasky-Su J, Kelly RS, Zeiger RS, O’Connor GT, Bacharier LB, Jia X, Beigelman A, Gold DR, Laranjo N, Bunyavanich S, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA, Brennan PJ. Early-life fecal metabolomics of food allergy. Allergy 2023; 78:512-521. [PMID: 36448508 PMCID: PMC10590492 DOI: 10.1111/all.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microenvironmental perturbations may increase food allergy risk. We hypothesize that children with clinical food allergy, those with food sensitization, and healthy children can be differentiated by intestinal metabolites in the first years of life. METHODS In this ancillary analysis of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling in 824 stool samples collected at ages 3-6 months, 1 year and 3 years. Subjects included 23 with clinical food allergy at age 3 and/or 6 years, 151 with food sensitization but no clinical food allergy, and 220 controls. We identified modules of correlated, functionally related metabolites and sought associations of metabolite modules and individual metabolites with food allergy/sensitization using regression models. RESULTS Several modules of functionally related intestinal metabolites were reduced among subjects with food allergy, including bile acids at ages 3-6 months and 1 year, amino acids at age 3-6 months, steroid hormones at 1 year, and sphingolipids at age 3 years. One module primarily containing diacylglycerols was increased in those with food allergy at age 3-6 months. Fecal caffeine metabolites at age 3-6 months, likely derived from breast milk, were increased in those with food allergy and/or sensitization (beta = 5.9, 95% CI 1.0-10.8, p = .02) and were inversely correlated with fecal bile acids and bilirubin metabolites, though maternal plasma caffeine levels were not associated with food allergy and/or sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Several classes of bioactive fecal metabolites are associated with food allergy and/or sensitization including bile acids, steroid hormones, sphingolipids, and caffeine metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yih-Chieh Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S. Zeiger
- Department of Clinical Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine; Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - George T. O’Connor
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary, Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaojiong Jia
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J. Brennan
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
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91
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Pechlivanis S, Depner M, Kirjavainen PV, Roduit C, Täubel M, Frei R, Skevaki C, Hose A, Barnig C, Schmausser-Hechfellner E, Ege MJ, Schaub B, Divaret-Chauveau A, Lauener R, Karvonen AM, Pekkanen J, Riedler J, Illi S, von Mutius E. Continuous Rather Than Solely Early Farm Exposure Protects From Hay Fever Development. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:591-601. [PMID: 36356926 PMCID: PMC9907754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important window of opportunity for early-life exposures has been proposed for the development of atopic eczema and asthma. OBJECTIVE However, it is unknown whether hay fever with a peak incidence around late school age to adolescence is similarly determined very early in life. METHODS In the Protection against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohort potentially relevant exposures such as farm milk consumption and exposure to animal sheds were assessed at multiple time points from infancy to age 10.5 years and classified by repeated measure latent class analyses (n = 769). Fecal samples at ages 2 and 12 months were sequenced by 16S rRNA. Hay fever was defined by parent-reported symptoms and/or physician's diagnosis of hay fever in the last 12 months using questionnaires at 10.5 years. RESULTS Farm children had half the risk of hay fever at 10.5 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.50; 95% CI 0.31-0.79) than that of nonfarm children. Whereas early life events such as gut microbiome richness at 12 months (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46-0.96) and exposure to animal sheds in the first 3 years of life (aOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.06-1.15) were determinants of hay fever, the continuous consumption of farm milk from infancy up to school age was necessary to exert the protective effect (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17-0.72). CONCLUSIONS While early life events determine the risk of subsequent hay fever, continuous exposure is necessary to achieve protection. These findings argue against the notion that only early life exposures set long-lasting trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hose
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cindy Barnig
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Établissement français du sang Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC, Unité Mixte de recherche 1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France,Department of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Elisabeth Schmausser-Hechfellner
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus J. Ege
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, Nancy, France,UMR 6249 Chrono-environment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France,EA3450 Development, Adaptation and Handicap, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland,Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anne M. Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sabina Illi
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany,Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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92
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Venter C, Frei R. Nutritional metabolites as biomarker for food intake to improve dietary-based randomized control trials. Allergy 2023; 78:349-350. [PMID: 36415079 DOI: 10.1111/all.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Remo Frei
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
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93
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Dietary fiber and SCFAs in the regulation of mucosal immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:361-370. [PMID: 36543697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have important effects on immune cells and the gut. SCFAs derive from the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut commensal bacteria. Insufficient fiber intake thus compromises SCFA production and, as a consequence, the host's physiology (particularly immune functions). We propose that many Western diseases, including those associated with impaired mucosal responses such as food allergy and asthma, may be affected by insufficient fiber intake and reduced SCFA levels in the gut and blood. Insufficient fiber intake is 1 alternative, or contributor, on top of the "hygiene hypothesis" to the rise of Western lifestyle diseases, and the 2 ideas need to be reconciled. The mechanisms by which SCFAs influence immunity and gut homeostasis are varied; they include stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as GPR43 or GPR41; inhibition of histone deacetylases (and hence, gene transcription changes); and induction of intracellular metabolic changes. SCFAs modulate at many different levels to alter mucosal homeostasis, including changes to gut epithelial integrity, increases in regulatory T-cell numbers and function, and decreased expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines. There is scope for preventing and/or treating diseases by using diets that alter SCFA levels.
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94
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Parrón-Ballesteros J, Gordo RG, López-Rodríguez JC, Olmo N, Villalba M, Batanero E, Turnay J. Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1093800. [PMID: 36793545 PMCID: PMC9923236 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" states that a barrier dysfunction can result in allergy development due to tolerance breakdown. This barrier alteration may come from the direct contact of epithelial and immune cells with the allergens, and indirectly, through deleterious effects caused by environmental changes triggered by industrialization, pollution, and changes in the lifestyle. Apart from their protective role, epithelial cells can respond to external factors secreting IL-25 IL-33, and TSLP, provoking the activation of ILC2 cells and a Th2-biased response. Several environmental agents that influence epithelial barrier function, such as allergenic proteases, food additives or certain xenobiotics are reviewed in this paper. In addition, dietary factors that influence the allergenic response in a positive or negative way will be also described here. Finally, we discuss how the gut microbiota, its composition, and microbe-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, alter not only the gut but also the integrity of distant epithelial barriers, focusing this review on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén García Gordo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence: Javier Turnay
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95
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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Valverde-Molina J, García-Marcos L. Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030486. [PMID: 36771193 PMCID: PMC9921812 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred days of life being critical. Different factors are associated with early microbial dysbiosis, such as caesarean delivery, artificial lactation and antibiotic therapy, among others. Longitudinal cohort studies on gut and airway microbiome in children have found an association between microbial dysbiosis and asthma at later ages of life. A low α-diversity and relative abundance of certain commensal gut bacterial genera in the first year of life are associated with the development of asthma. Gut microbial dysbiosis, with a lower abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, could be related with increased risk of asthma. Upper airway microbial dysbiosis, especially early colonisation by Moraxella spp., is associated with recurrent viral infections and the development of asthma. Moreover, the bacteria in the respiratory system produce metabolites that may modify the inception of asthma and is progression. The role of the lung microbiome in asthma development has yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the most consistent finding in studies on lung microbiome is the increased bacterial load and the predominance of proteobacteria, especially Haemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this review we shall update the knowledge on the association between microbial dysbiosis and the origins of asthma, as well as its persistence, phenotypes, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valverde-Molina
- Department of Paediatrics, Santa Lucía General University Hospital, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB Biomedical Research Institute, 20120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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97
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Menegati LM, de Oliveira EE, Oliveira BDC, Macedo GC, de Castro E Silva FM. Asthma, obesity, and microbiota: A complex immunological interaction. Immunol Lett 2023; 255:10-20. [PMID: 36646290 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and allergic asthma are inflammatory chronic diseases mediated by distinct immunological features, obesity presents a Th1/Th17 profile, asthma is commonly associated with Th2 response. However, when combined, they result in more severe asthma symptoms, greater frequency of exacerbation episodes, and lower therapy responsiveness. These features lead to decreased life quality, associated with higher morbidity/mortality rates. In addition, obesity prompts specific asthma phenotypes, which can be dependent on atopic status, age, and gender. In adults, obesity is associated with neutrophilic/Th17 profile, while in children, the outcome is diverse, in some cases children with obesity present aggravation of atopy, and Th2 inflammation, and in others an association with a Th1 profile, with reduced IgE levels and eosinophilia. These alterations occur due to a complex group of factors among which the microbiome has been recently explored. Particularly, evidence shows its important role in susceptibility or resistance to asthma development, via gut-lung-axis, and demonstrates its relevance to the immune pathogenesis of the syndrome. Few studies address the relevance of the lung microbiome in shaping the immune response, locally. However, specific bacteria, like Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, correlate with important features of the obese-asthmatic phenotype. Although maternal obesity is known to increase asthma risk in offspring, the impact on lung colonization is unknown. This review details the main key immune mechanisms involved in obesity-aggravated asthma, featuring the effect of maternal obesity in the establishment of gut and lung microbiota of the offspring, acting as potential childhood asthma inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machado Menegati
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Erick Esteves de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
| | | | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Márcia de Castro E Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - RJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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98
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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99
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Zheng H, Dai H, Yan X, Xiang Q. Study on Intestinal Flora and Asthma: Knowledge Graph Analysis Based on CiteSpace (2001-2021). J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:355-364. [PMID: 37041761 PMCID: PMC10083019 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s402883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airway. Intestinal flora, a significant risk factor for asthma, has become a widespread concern in the pathogenesis of asthma. To review the literature related to intestinal flora in asthma, summarize research direction, and report trends, this study used CiteSpace to perform bibliometric statistics and analysis on the research papers of intestinal flora and asthma collected in the Web of science core collection from 2001 to 2021. Eventually, a total of 613 articles were included. The results demonstrated that research on gut flora and asthma continued to heat up, with article numbers increasing, especially in the last decade. Moreover, analysis of the keywords showed that the research topics of intestinal flora and asthma range from confirming the link between intestinal flora and asthma to investigating mechanisms and then to asthma treatment. According to the summary of research hotspots, we expand on three emerging issues that require attention in the intestinal flora and asthma research, including (regulatory T)Treg cells, probiotics, and chain fatty acid. Evidence illustrated that Treg cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma caused by dysbiosis of the gut flora. Furthermore, in contrast to probiotic supplements, which do not reduce the risk of developing asthma, short-chain fatty acids supplements do. Overall, the research direction in the field of intestinal flora and asthma has recently evolved from macro to micro with depth broadened. As a robust scientific evaluation, our study provided a comprehensive overview of the area, particularly for research focus, which could more precisely direct scholars on future research and clinical diagnosis, therapy, and individualized prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Dai
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangwei Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiangwei Xiang, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Yang Z, Su H, Lv Y, Tao H, Jiang Y, Ni Z, Peng L, Chen X. Inulin intervention attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats via modulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier function. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112309. [PMID: 36596207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested the mitigatory efficacy of prebiotic inulin on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nevertheless, its action mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, inulin consumption effectively ameliorated high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and rehabilitated liver lipogenesis regulators, including carbohydrate response element-binding protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Furthermore, inulin supplementation restored the intestinal barrier integrity and function by up-regulating expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and occludin). High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that inulin administration regulated the gut microbiota composition, wherein abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producers, including Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium and Blautia, was significantly enhanced in the inulin-treated rats, conversely, opportunistic pathogens, such as Acinetobacter and Corynebacterium_1, were suppressed. SCFA quantitative analysis showed that dietary inulin suppressed faecal acetate levels, but improved propionate and butyrate concentrations in rats with NAFLD. Functional prediction showed that tryptophan metabolism was one of the key metabolic pathways affected by gut microbiota changes. A targeted metabolomics profiling of tryptophan metabolism demonstrated that inulin intervention up-regulated faecal contents of indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid, whereas down-regulated levels of kynurenine and 5-hydoxyindoleacetic acid in NAFLD rats. Therefore, this study demonstrated that inulin intake alleviated hepatic steatosis likely by regulating the gut microbiota composition and function and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity, which may provide a novel notion for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Huihui Su
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Sugar Technology, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yunjuan Lv
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Heqing Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ziyan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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