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Huang L, Wang M, Chen Z, Yan Y, Gu W, Zhang X, Tan J, Sun H, Ji W. MiR-138 regulates dendritic cells mediated Th2-type immune response by regulating the OX40L expression in asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10979-10988. [PMID: 31966442 PMCID: PMC6965889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of miR-138 in regulating Th2 type immune response by targeting OX40 ligand (Ox40L) in vitro. METHODS Serum samples of patients were used to explore the clinical parameter. Wistar rats were used to establish a murine model of asthma. The dual-luciferase report assay was used to detect the regulation of miR-138 on the expression of OX40L. RT-PCR was used to detect miR-138 and OX40L mRNA expression. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and Western blot were used to analyze target protein expression. Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to cytokines detection. RESULTS The level of miR-138 was found to be negatively correlated with the expression of OX40L (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with FEV1 (P < 0.05). Higher miR-138 and reduced expression of OX40L were observed in dendritic cells (DCs) separated from rat bone marrow. Typically, OX40 and OX40L in asthma group were determined and the results indicated that the two parameters upregulated in compared with healthy control, while the expressions of them were suppressed by over-expression of miR-138. Furthermore, the up-regulation of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and the down-regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were induced by over-expression miR-138 and meanwhile the decrease of Th1/Th2 was reversed by overexpression of miR-138. CONCLUSION In this study, we revealed that miR-138 might regulate Th2-type immune response by down-regulating the OX40L expression in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Tan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
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IL-23 signaling in Th17 cells is inhibited by HIV infection and is not restored by HAART: Implications for persistent immune activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186823. [PMID: 29091911 PMCID: PMC5665519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV infection causes a profound depletion of gut derived Th17 cells, contributing to loss of mucosal barrier function and an increase in microbial translocation, thus driving systemic immune activation. Despite normalization of circulating CD4+ T cell counts with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Th17 frequency and function often remain impaired. Given the importance of interleukin (IL)-23 in the generation and stabilization of Th17 cells we hypothesized that impaired IL-23 signaling causes persistent Th17 dysfunction in HIV infection. METHODS The effects of in vitro HIV infection on responses to IL-23 in Th17 cells were examined. These included the production of IL-17, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) and the transcription of retinoic acid orphan receptor C (RORC) gene. Blood derived Th17 cells from untreated and HAART-treated HIV-infected individuals were also examined for the IL-23 induced production of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) and the expression of the IL-23 receptors. RESULTS In vitro HIV infection significantly inhibited IL-17 production and IL-23 induced pSTAT3 while expression of RORC RNA was unaffected. Th17 cells isolated from untreated and HAART-treated HIV-infected individuals showed complete loss of IL-23 induced pSTAT3 without a decrease in the expression of the IL-23 receptors. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate an effect of HIV on the IL-23 signaling pathway in Th17 cells. We show that in vitro and in vivo HIV infection results in impaired IL-23 signaling which is not reversed by HAART nor is it a result of reduced receptor expression, suggesting that HIV interferes with IL-23-activated signaling pathways. These findings may explain the inability of HAART to restore Th17 frequency and function and the resulting persistent chronic immune activation observed in HIV infected individuals.
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Das A, Ranganathan V, Umar D, Thukral S, George A, Rath S, Bal V. Effector/memory CD4 T cells making either Th1 or Th2 cytokines commonly co-express T-bet and GATA-3. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185932. [PMID: 29088218 PMCID: PMC5663332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4 T (NCD4T) cells post-activation undergo programming for inducible production of cytokines leading to generation of memory cells with various functions. Based on cytokine based polarization of NCD4T cells in vitro, programming for either ‘Th1’ (interferon-gamma [IFNg]) or ‘Th2’ (interleukin [IL]-4/5/13) cytokines is thought to occur via mutually exclusive expression and functioning of T-bet or GATA-3 transcription factors (TFs). However, we show that a high proportion of mouse and human memory-phenotype CD4 T (MCD4T) cells generated in vivo which expressed either Th1 or Th2 cytokines commonly co-expressed T-bet and GATA-3. While T-bet levels did not differ between IFNg-expressing and IL-4/5/13-expressing MCD4T cells, GATA-3 levels were higher in the latter. These observations were also confirmed in MCD4T cells from FVB/NJ or aged C57BL/6 or IFNg-deficient mice. While MCD4T cells from these strains showed greater Th2 commitment than those from young C57BL/6 mice, pattern of co-expression of TF was similar. Effector T cells generated in vivo following immunization also showed TF co-expression in Th1 or Th2 cytokine producing cells. We speculated that the difference in TF expression pattern of MCD4T cells generated in vivo and those generated in cytokine polarized cultures in vitro could be due to relative absence of polarizing conditions during activation in vivo. We tested this by NCD4T cell activation in non-polarizing conditions in vitro. Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-mediated priming of polyclonal NCD4T cells in vitro without polarizing milieu generated cells that expressed either IFNg or IL-4/5/13 but not both, yet both IFNg- and IL-4/5/13-expressing cells showed upregulation of both TFs. We also tested monoclonal T cell populations activated in non-polarizing conditions. TCR-transgenic NCD4T cells primed in vitro by cognate peptide in non-polarizing conditions which expressed either IFNg or IL-4/5/13 also showed a high proportion of cells co-expressing TFs, and their cytokine commitment varied depending on genetic background or priming conditions, without altering pattern of TF co-expression. Thus, the model of mutually antagonistic differentiation programs driven by mutually exclusively expressed T-bet or GATA-3 does not completely explain natural CD4 T cell priming outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danish Umar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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54
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Samson M, Bonnotte B. De la physiopathologie de l’artérite à cellules géantes aux nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:670-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shah NM, Herasimtschuk AA, Boasso A, Benlahrech A, Fuchs D, Imami N, Johnson MR. Changes in T Cell and Dendritic Cell Phenotype from Mid to Late Pregnancy Are Indicative of a Shift from Immune Tolerance to Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1138. [PMID: 28966619 PMCID: PMC5605754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother allows the immunologically distinct fetoplacental unit to develop and grow. Opinions are divided as to whether this represents a state of fetal-specific tolerance or of a generalized suppression of the maternal immune system. We hypothesized that antigen-specific T cell responses are modulated by an inhibitory T cell phenotype and modified dendritic cell (DC) phenotype in a gestation-dependent manner. We analyzed changes in surface markers of peripheral blood T cells, ex vivo antigen-specific T cell responses, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, KTR), plasma neopterin concentration, and the in vitro expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in response to peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with progesterone. We found that mid gestation is characterized by reduced antigen-specific T cell responses associated with (1) predominance of effector memory over other T cell subsets; (2) upregulation of inhibitory markers (programmed death ligand 1); (3) heightened response to progesterone (PIBF); and (4) reduced proportions of myeloid DC and concurrent IDO activity (KTR). Conversely, antigen-specific T cell responses normalized in late pregnancy and were associated with increased markers of T cell activation (CD38, neopterin). However, these changes occur with a simultaneous upregulation of immune suppressive mechanisms including apoptosis (CD95), coinhibition (TIM-3), and immune regulation (IL-10) through the course of pregnancy. Together, our data suggest that immune tolerance dominates in the second trimester and that it is gradually reversed in the third trimester in association with immune activation as the end of pregnancy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishel Mohan Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna A Herasimtschuk
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Boasso
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Benlahrech
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nesrina Imami
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro VR, Romao‐Veiga M, Romagnoli GG, Matias ML, Nunes PR, Borges VTM, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Association between cytokine profile and transcription factors produced by T-cell subsets in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia. Immunology 2017; 152:163-173. [PMID: 28502089 PMCID: PMC5543493 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an obstetric pathology characterized by abnormal activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems dependent on the imbalance of T helper subsets. The present study aimed to evaluate the gene and protein expression of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2/Th17/regulatory T (Treg) cell transcription factors in peripheral blood lymphocytes from pregnant women with PE employing quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry techniques, as well as the cytokine profile produced by these CD4+ T-cell subsets in the plasma of pregnant women with PE, classified as early-onset PE (n = 20), late-onset PE (n = 20) and normotensive pregnant women (n = 20). Results showed a higher percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing the RORc transcription factor (Th17) and a lower percentage of cells expressing FoxP3 (Treg) in women with early-onset PE compared with late-onset PE and normotensive groups. A lower gene expression of GATA-3 transcription factor was detected in cells of women with early-onset PE compared with the late-onset PE group. Endogenous plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α were significantly higher in the early-onset PE group than in the late-onset PE and normotensive groups, whereas IL-4 (Th2 profile) and IL-22 (Th17 profile), were not significantly different between the studied groups. The endogenous levels of transforming growth factor-β and IL-10 were significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic than in the normotensive groups of the same gestational age, with a significant difference between early- and late-onset PE. The results show that in women with PE there is an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles in CD4+ T-cell subsets, with polarization to Th17 profiles in the early-onset PE, considered as the severe form of PE.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biomarkers/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/blood
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/blood
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/blood
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Phenotype
- Pre-Eclampsia/blood
- Pre-Eclampsia/diagnosis
- Pre-Eclampsia/genetics
- Pre-Eclampsia/immunology
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Severity of Illness Index
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/blood
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R. Ribeiro
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsMedical SchoolBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana Romao‐Veiga
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiosciencesBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Graziela G. Romagnoli
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiosciencesBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana L. Matias
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsMedical SchoolBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Priscila R. Nunes
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsMedical SchoolBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Vera Therezinha M. Borges
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsMedical SchoolBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Jose C. Peracoli
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsMedical SchoolBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Maria Terezinha S. Peracoli
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiosciencesBotucatu Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
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Samson M, Corbera-Bellalta M, Audia S, Planas-Rigol E, Martin L, Cid MC, Bonnotte B. Recent advances in our understanding of giant cell arteritis pathogenesis. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:833-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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58
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Hoe E, Anderson J, Nathanielsz J, Toh ZQ, Marimla R, Balloch A, Licciardi PV. The contrasting roles of Th17 immunity in human health and disease. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:49-56. [PMID: 28225165 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system is a tightly regulated network that protects the host from disease. An important aspect of this is the balance between pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and anti-inflammatory T regulatory (Treg) cells in maintaining immune homeostasis. Foxp3+ Treg are critical for sustaining immune tolerance through IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β while related orphan receptor-γt+ Th17 cells promote immunopathology and auto-inflammatory diseases through the actions of IL-17A, IL-21 and IL-22. Therefore, imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells can result in serious pathology in many organs and tissues. Recently, certain IL-17-producing cells have been found to be protective against infectious disease, particularly in relation to extracellular bacteria such Streptococcus pneumoniae; a number of other novel IL-17-secreting cell populations have also been reported to protect against a variety of other pathogens. In this mini-review, the dual roles of Treg and Th17 cells are discussed in the context of autoimmunity and infections, highlighting recent advances in the field. Development of novel strategies specifically designed to target these critical immune response pathways will become increasingly important in maintenance of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Hoe
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jordan Nathanielsz
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rachel Marimla
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Anne Balloch
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Pneumococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Relation T, Dominici M, Horwitz EM. Concise Review: An (Im)Penetrable Shield: How the Tumor Microenvironment Protects Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1123-1130. [PMID: 28207184 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined by their unlimited self-renewal ability and their capacity to initiate and maintain malignancy, traits that are not found in most cells that comprise the tumor. Although current cancer treatments successfully reduce tumor burden, the tumor will likely recur unless CSCs are effectively eradicated. This challenge is made greater by the protective impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of infiltrating immune cells, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. The TME acts as a therapeutic barrier through immunosuppressive, and thereby tumor-promoting, actions. These factors, outside of the cancer cell lineage, work in concert to shelter CSCs from both the body's intrinsic anticancer immunity and pharmaceutical interventions to maintain cancer growth. Emerging therapies aimed at the TME offer a promising new tool in breaking through this shield to target the CSCs, yet definitive treatments remain unrealized. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which CSCs are protected by the TME and current efforts to overcome these barriers. Stem Cells 2017;35:1123-1130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Relation
- The Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- The Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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60
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Carvalho DFG, Zanetti BR, Miranda L, Hassumi-Fukasawa MK, Miranda-Camargo F, Crispim JCO, Soares EG. High IL-17 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in thyroid cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1925-1931. [PMID: 28454345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that cancer may be promoted and/or exacerbated by inflammation and infection. The cytokines produced by activated innate immune cells that stimulate tumor growth and progression are considered as important components in this process. The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis, which exerts marked pro-inflammatory effects, has emerged as an important mediator in inflammation-associated cancer. Increasing clinical evidence indicates that Th17 may promote or inhibit tumor progression, however, the function of Th17 in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms remains unclear. The present study investigated the association between the IL-23/Th17 axis and neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions using immunohistochemistry. A total of 131 thyroid biopsy specimens were analyzed, which revealed high IL-17 and IL-23 expression in differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer tissues when compared with benign lesions, including follicular thyroid adenoma and goiter tissues. Furthermore, high IL-17 expression was associated with recurrence and mortality. These results indicate that the IL-23/Th17 axis exhibits a pivotal function in the development of thyroid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Faria Galano Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Riedo Zanetti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lydianne Miranda
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Marcela Kazue Hassumi-Fukasawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Miranda-Camargo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Janaína Cristiana Oliveira Crispim
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Edson Garcia Soares
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Tsai YL, Ko WS, Hsiao JL, Pan HH, Chiou YL. Zinc sulfate improved the unbalanced T cell profiles in Der p-allergic asthma: An ex vivo study. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:563-571. [PMID: 27727525 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the pathogenesis of asthma, an imbalance between helper T (Th) 1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells is believed to play a key role in asthmatic inflammatory responses. Some studies indicated that zinc deficiency increases inflammatory factor production and worsens asthma. However, the effects of zinc on T cell profiles to reduce inflammatory response remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the beneficial effects of zinc on isolated cell populations and cytokine levels from patients with asthma. METHODS Thirty-six individuals Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-allergic and 31 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. Harvested PBMCs were stimulated with recombinant Der p antigen in the presence or absence of zinc sulfate (25 μM or 50 μM) for 48 h. Cell surface markers and intracellular cytokine levels were examined by flow cytometry. The pro-inflammatory factors in plasma and culture supernatants were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Zinc sulfate dramatically reduced the proportions of Th2 and Th17 cells, but increased that of Th1 and Treg cells. Zinc sulfate also markedly reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17, but increased the levels of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Zinc ameliorates the imbalance in T cell profiles and could be a potential adjuvant therapy for Der p-induced allergic hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wang-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-Lung Hsiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Hung Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Chiou
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Itaborahy RMR, de Medeiros SF. Influence of estrogen therapy on immune markers in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2016; 19:496-500. [PMID: 27593223 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1212828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of estrogen therapy on cellular and humoral immune markers in postmenopausal women. METHODS This prospective, controlled cohort study included 30 patients who used oral estradiol (1 mg) for 14-17 weeks and 28 patients who served as controls. Total leukocytes and leukocyte subtypes were counted and immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. The concentrations of immunoglobulins and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were also measured in the peripheral blood before and after estrogen therapy. Immunoglobulin E level was measured by electrochemiluminescence, and levels of immunoglobulins A, G, and M were measured by nephelometry. Simultaneous quantification of multiple cytokines was performed by chemiluminescence to measure the serum concentrations of interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17. RESULTS Hematological cellular components were not significantly different before and after the use of estradiol (p = 0.332-0.984). Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, E, and A also remained stable (p = 0.248-0.845). Finally, cytokines were not modified throughout the 14-17 weeks of follow-up (p = 0.407-0.873). CONCLUSION Isolated estrogen therapy with 1 mg of estradiol for 14-17 weeks in postmenopausal women did not modify any of the cellular or humoral immune markers analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Ribeiro Itaborahy
- a Federal University of Mato Grosso, School of Medicine , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Cuiabá , Brazil
| | - S Freitas de Medeiros
- a Federal University of Mato Grosso, School of Medicine , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Cuiabá , Brazil
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Abstract
Diverse effects of the microbiome on solid organ transplantation are beginning to be recognized. In allograft recipients, microbial networks are disrupted by immunosuppression, nosocomial and community-based infectious exposures, antimicrobial therapies, surgery, and immune processes. Shifting microbial patterns, including acute infectious exposures, have dynamic and reciprocal interactions with local and systemic immune systems. Both individual microbial species and microbial networks have central roles in the induction and control of innate and adaptive immune responses, in graft rejection, and in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Understanding the diverse interactions between the microbiome and the immune system of allograft recipients may facilitate clinical management in the future.
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Monastra G, De Grazia S, Cilaker Micili S, Goker A, Unfer V. Immunomodulatory activities of alpha lipoic acid with a special focus on its efficacy in preventing miscarriage. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1695-1708. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monastra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University la Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Grazia
- Department of Research and Development, LO.LI. Pharma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Asli Goker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, UNIIPUS – Private Swiss University Institute, Chiasso, Switzerland
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Liappas G, González-Mateo GT, Sánchez-Díaz R, Lazcano JJ, Lasarte S, Matesanz-Marín A, Zur R, Ferrantelli E, Ramírez LG, Aguilera A, Fernández-Ruiz E, Beelen RHJ, Selgas R, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martín P, López-Cabrera M. Immune-Regulatory Molecule CD69 Controls Peritoneal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3561-3576. [PMID: 27151919 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with ESRD undergoing peritoneal dialysis develop progressive peritoneal fibrosis, which may lead to technique failure. Recent data point to Th17-mediated inflammation as a key contributor in peritoneal damage. The leukocyte antigen CD69 modulates the setting and progression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by controlling the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the relevance of CD69 in tissue fibrosis remains largely unknown. Thus, we explored the role of CD69 in fibroproliferative responses using a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis induced by dialysis fluid exposure under either normal or uremic status. We found that cd69-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice showed enhanced fibrosis, mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, IL-17 production, and Th17 cell infiltration in response to dialysis fluid treatment. Uremia contributed partially to peritoneal inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Additionally, antibody-mediated CD69 blockade in WT mice mimicked the fibrotic response of cd69-/- mice. Finally, IL-17 blockade in cd69-/- mice decreased peritoneal fibrosis to the WT levels, and mixed bone marrow from cd69-/- and Rag2-/-γc-/- mice transplanted into WT mice reproduced the severity of the response to dialysis fluid observed in cd69-/- mice, showing that CD69 exerts its regulatory function within the lymphocyte compartment. Overall, our results indicate that CD69 controls tissue fibrosis by regulating Th17-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Liappas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Tirma González-Mateo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Díaz
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Lazcano
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Lasarte
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Matesanz-Marín
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafal Zur
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelina Ferrantelli
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Robert H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Pilar Martín
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
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66
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Fusion protein His-Hsp65-6IA2P2 prevents type 1 diabetes through nasal immunization in NOD Mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:235-242. [PMID: 27082999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), is an endogenous β-cells autoantigen, it could postpone the onset of insulitis and sooner type 1 diabetes mellitus. P277 is one of Hsp65 determinants at position 437-469 of amino acids cascaded. Meanwhile, it's already well-known that there were several better anti-diabetic B epitopes, such as insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2). Currently, fusion protein IA2P2 has constructed in order to enhance its pharmacological efficacy. In addition, added homologous bacterial-derived Hsp65 and His tag were beneficial to protein immunogenicity and purification separately. So, finally we examined a fusion protein His-Hsp65-6IA2P2 could regulate Th2 immune response and reduce natural diabetic incidence in NOD mice. We constructed two express vector pET28a-His-Hsp65-6P277 and pET28a-His-Hsp65-6IA2P2. After purification, we observed that triple intranasal administration of these two fusion protein in 4-week-old NOD mice maintained normal blood glucose and weight, with a lower diabetic or insulitis incidence. Consistent with induced splenic T cells proliferation and tolerance, His-Hsp65-6IA2P2-treated mice performed reduced IFN-γ and increased IL-10 level. In conclusion, we suggested that fusion protein His-Hsp65-6IA2P2 could be reconstructed and purified successively. Furthermore, nasal administration of this fusion protein could rebalance T cells population and prevent T1DM.
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Rothman AL, Currier JR, Friberg HL, Mathew A. Analysis of cell-mediated immune responses in support of dengue vaccine development efforts. Vaccine 2015; 33:7083-90. [PMID: 26458801 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue vaccine development has made significant strides, but a better understanding of how vaccine-induced immune responses correlate with vaccine efficacy can greatly accelerate development, testing, and deployment as well as ameliorate potential risks and safety concerns. Advances in basic immunology knowledge and techniques have already improved our understanding of cell-mediated immunity of natural dengue virus infection and vaccination. We conclude that the evidence base is adequate to argue for inclusion of assessments of cell-mediated immunity as part of clinical trials of dengue vaccines, although further research to identify useful correlates of protective immunity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Virus Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Heather L Friberg
- Virus Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 80 Washington St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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68
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Klebe D, McBride D, Flores JJ, Zhang JH, Tang J. Modulating the Immune Response Towards a Neuroregenerative Peri-injury Milieu After Cerebral Hemorrhage. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:576-86. [PMID: 25946986 PMCID: PMC4636976 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhages account for 15-20 % of stroke sub-types and have very poor prognoses. The mortality rate for cerebral hemorrhage patients is between 40 and 50 %, of which at least half of the deaths occur within the first 2 days, and 75 % of survivors are incapable of living independently after 1 year. Current emergency interventions involve lowering blood pressure and reducing intracranial pressure by controlled ventilations or, in the worst case scenarios, surgical intervention. Some hemostatic and coagulatherapeutic interventions are being investigated, although a few that were promising in experimental studies have failed in clinical trials. No significant immunomodulatory intervention, however, exists for clinical management of cerebral hemorrhage. The inflammatory response following cerebral hemorrhage is particularly harmful in the acute stage because blood-brain barrier disruption is amplified and surrounding tissue is destroyed by secreted proteases and reactive oxygen species from infiltrated leukocytes. In this review, we discuss both the destructive and regenerative roles the immune response play following cerebral hemorrhage and focus on microglia, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes as the primary agents directing the response. Microglia, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes each have sub-types that significantly influence the over-arching immune response towards either a pro-inflammatory, destructive, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative, state. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies of cerebral hemorrhages that selectively target these immune cells are reviewed and we suggest immunomodulatory therapies that reduce inflammation, while augmenting neural repair, will improve overall cerebral hemorrhage outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Klebe
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Devin McBride
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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69
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Samson M, Bonnotte B. [Pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis]. Rev Med Interne 2015; 37:264-73. [PMID: 26620872 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TA) are two granulomatous vasculitis affecting large arteries that present specific epidemiological and clinical features. Their pathogenesis is not fully understood but major advances have been obtained during the last years, thus allowing the emergence of new therapeutic strategies. GCA and TA develop on a specific genetic background but share some similarities regarding the immunological pathways involved in their pathogenesis. The trigger of these diseases is not clearly identified but it is thought that an infectious agent could activate and lead to the maturation of dendritic cells that are localized in the adventitia of arteries. Then, the cells of the adaptative immune response are recruited and activated: CD4 T cells that polarize into Th1 and Th17 cells, cytotoxic CD8 T cells and Natural Killer cells. Furthermore, the T regulatory cells (Treg) are decreased both in GCA and TA. Humoral immune response seems also to be involved, especially in TA. Then, the cytokines produced by T lymphocytes (especially IL-17 and IFN-γ) trigger the recruitment and activation of monocytes and their differentiation into macrophages and multinuclear giant cells that produce IL-1β and IL-6 that are responsible for general symptoms of GCA and TA, and cytotoxic mediators and growth factors that trigger the remodeling of the arterial wall leading to aneurysms and ischemic manifestations of GCA an TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samson
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm, UMR1098, 25020 Besançon cedex, France; Faculté de médecine, université de Bourgogne, IFR100, Dijon, France
| | - B Bonnotte
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm, UMR1098, 25020 Besançon cedex, France; Faculté de médecine, université de Bourgogne, IFR100, Dijon, France.
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70
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Cheng LS, Liu Y, Jiang W. Restoring homeostasis of CD4 + T cells in hepatitis-B-virus-related liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10721-10731. [PMID: 26478664 PMCID: PMC4600574 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i38.10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated liver injury is widely seen during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Unsuccessful immune clearance of HBV results in chronic hepatitis and increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV-related liver fibrosis (HBVLF), occurring as a result of HBV-induced chronic hepatitis, is a reversible, intermediate stage of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis. Therefore, defining the pathogenesis of HBVLF is of practical significance for achieving better clinical outcomes. Recently, the homeostasis of CD4+ T cells was considered to be pivotal in the process of HBVLF. To better uncover the underlying mechanisms, in this review, we systematically retrospect the impacts of different CD4+ T-cell subsets on CHB and HBVLF. We emphasize CD4+ T-cell homeostasis and the important balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. We discuss some cytokines associated with Treg and Th17 cells such as interleukin (IL)-17, IL-22, IL-21, IL-23, IL-10, IL-35 and IL-33, as well as surface molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 and cannabinoid receptor 2 that have potential therapeutic implications for the homeostasis of CD4+ T cells in CHB and HBVLF.
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Burns A, Ciborowski P. Acute exposure to methamphetamine alters TLR9-mediated cytokine expression in human macrophage. Immunobiology 2015; 221:199-207. [PMID: 26387832 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that methamphetamine (Meth) use leads to higher susceptibility to and progression of infections, which suggests impairment of the immune system. The first line of defense against infections is the innate immune system and the macrophage is a key player in preventing and fighting infections. So we profiled cytokines over time in Meth treated THP-1 cells, as a human macrophage model, at a relevant concentration using high throughput screening to find a signaling target. We showed that after a single exposure, the effect of Meth on macrophage cytokine production was rapid and time dependent and shifted the balance of expression of cytokines to pro-inflammatory. Our results were analogous to previous reports in that Meth up-regulates TNF-α and IL-8 after two hours of exposure. However, global screening led to the novel identification of CXCL16, CXCL1 and many other up-regulated cytokines. We also showed CCL7 as the most down-regulated chemokine due to Meth exposure, which led us to hypothesize that Meth dysregulates the MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway. In conclusion, altered cytokine expression in macrophages suggests it could lead to a suppressed innate immunity in people who use Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Burns
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Hao H, He M, Li J, Zhou Y, Dang J, Li F, Yang M, Deng D. Upregulation of the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway and correlation with the development of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:85-91. [PMID: 26342682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well documented that an imbalance in immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface is likely to play an essential role in the etiology of preeclampsia. However, the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance during preeclampsia are still poorly understood. Tim-3, a Th1-specific cell surface molecule, is a relatively newly described molecule with important immunological functions. It can regulate Th1 responses with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9), and has become an attractive candidate for exploring the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Twenty normal pregnancies and 20 preeclamptic pregnancies were enrolled in the present study. We examined the expression and function of Tim-3/Gal-9 in decidual tissue at the RNA and protein levels. In order to analyze their correlation with the development of preeclampsia, we measured the expression of Tim-3 on peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry. IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 in the peripheral blood plasma were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Tim-3/Gal-9 was upregulated in decidual tissue of preeclamptic vs. normotensive pregnancies. There was a significantly increased Th1 and Th17 response in PE as demonstrated by the upregulated levels of IFN-γ/IL-17, whereas IL-10 secreted by Th2 cells was sharply reduced. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that an abnormal Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway was able to facilitate the development of preeclampsia. Our data uncovered a novel mechanism by which the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway regulates immune responses, and we now identify this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; People's Hospital of Dancheng County, Zhoukou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mengzhou He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Faculty of Reproductive Medical Center of the Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Dang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Meitao Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dongrui Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Tan IJ, Peeva E, Zandman-Goddard G. Hormonal modulation of the immune system — A spotlight on the role of progestogens. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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RAHMAH Z, SASMITO SD, SISWANTO B, SARDJONO TW, FITRI LE. Parasitemia Induces High Plasma Levels of Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and Low Levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß) in Pregnant Mice Infected with Malaria. Malays J Med Sci 2015; 22:25-32. [PMID: 26715893 PMCID: PMC4681718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, the balanced dominance of the T helper17 response shifts to a Th2 response that is characterised by the production of IL-10, following the completion of the implantation process. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression is associated with the completion of trophoblast invasion and placental growth. This study assessed the effect of malaria infection on the levels of IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β in the plasma of pregnant mice with malaria. METHODS Seventeen pregnant BALB/C mice were divided into two groups: mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (treatment group) and uninfected mice (control group). The mice were sacrificed on day 18 post-mating. Parasitemia was measured by Giemsa staining. The levels of IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Using independent t test, the IL-17 levels in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (= = 0.040). The IL-10 levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (= = 0.00). There was no significant difference in the TGF-β levels (= = 0.055) between two groups. However, using SEM analysis the degree of parasitemia decreased the plasma TGF-β levels (tcount = 5.148; ≥ ttable = 1.96). SEM analysis showed that a high degree of parasitemia increased the IL-17 levels and decreased the IL-10 and TGF-β levels. CONCLUSION Malaria infection during pregnancy interferes with the systemic balance by increasing the IL-17 levels and decreasing the IL-10 and TGF-β levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainabur RAHMAH
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Sujarot Dwi SASMITO
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Budi SISWANTO
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Jaksa Agung Suprapto, No. 2 Malang, East Java, 65122, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahju SARDJONO
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar FITRI
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Kostic M, Stojanovic I, Marjanovic G, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A. Deleterious versus protective autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:122-32. [PMID: 25944389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system, in which myelin specific CD4(+) T cells have a central role in orchestrating pathological events involved in disease pathogenesis. There is compelling evidence that Th1, Th9 and Th17 cells, separately or in cooperation, could mediate deleterious autoimmune response in MS. However, the phenotype differences between Th cell subpopulations initially employed in MS pathogenesis are mainly reflected in the different patterns of inflammation introduction, which results in the development of characteristic pathological features (blood-brain barrier disruption, demyelination and neurodegeneration), clinically presented with MS symptoms. Although, autoimmunity was traditionally seen as deleterious, some studies indicated that autoimmunity mediated by Th2 cells and T regulatory cells could be protective by nature. The concept of protective autoimmunity in MS pathogenesis is still poorly understood, but could be of great importance in better understanding of MS immunology and therefore, creating better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kostic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Goran Marjanovic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Nikola Zivkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Cvetanovic
- Clinic of Oncology, Clinical Centre, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Liu X, Dowell AC, Patel P, Viney RP, Foster MC, Porfiri E, James ND, Bryan RT. Cytokines as effectors and predictors of responses in the treatment of bladder cancer by bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1443-56. [PMID: 25052754 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most effective intravesical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is instillation of live Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG stimulates the release of cytokines, contributing directly or indirectly to its effectiveness. However, the function of specific cytokines is not well understood. We have undertaken a nonsystematic review of primary evidence regarding cytokine detection, activation and response in BCG patients. Cytokines IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α appear to be essential for effective BCG therapy and nonrecurrence, while IL-10 may have an inhibitory effect on BCG responses. IL-2, IL-8, TRAIL and TNF-α are potentially predictive of response to BCG. Alterations in genes encoding cytokines may also affect responses. There are significant data showing the association of certain cytokines with successful BCG treatment, and which may be useful predictive markers. Isolating those cytokines mediating efficacy may hold the key to ameliorating BCG's side effects and improving efficacy and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Liu
- The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chen SS, Sun LW, Brickner H, Sun PQ. Downregulating galectin-3 inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via RNA interference. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:44-53. [PMID: 25684095 PMCID: PMC4704704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, serves as a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) of dendritic cells (DCs) in regulating proinflammatory cytokine production. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) siRNA downregulates expression of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-23 p19, while upregulates IL-10 and IL-12 p35 in TLR/NLR stimulated human MoDCs. Furthermore, Gal-3 siRNA-treated MoDCs enhanced IFN-γ production in SEB-stimulated CD45RO CD4 T-cells, but attenuated IL-17A and IL-5 production by CD4 T-cells. Addition of neutralizing antibodies against Gal-3, or recombinant Gal-3 did not differentially modulate IL-23 p19 versus IL-12 p35. The data indicate that intracellular Gal-3 acts as cytokine hub of human DCs in responding to innate immunity signals. Gal-3 downregulation reprograms proinflammatory cytokine production by MoDCs that inhibit Th2/Th17 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swey-Shen Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Institute of Genetics, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Allergy, Inflammation and Vaccinology, IGE Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Liang-Wu Sun
- Department of Immunology, The Institute of Genetics, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Allergy, Inflammation and Vaccinology, IGE Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Howard Brickner
- Department of Immunology, The Institute of Genetics, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Allergy, Inflammation and Vaccinology, IGE Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Qing Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hoppmann N, Graetz C, Paterka M, Poisa-Beiro L, Larochelle C, Hasan M, Lill CM, Zipp F, Siffrin V. New candidates for CD4 T cell pathogenicity in experimental neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. Brain 2015; 138:902-17. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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80
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Classical Th1 cells obtain colitogenicity by co-existence of RORγt-expressing T cells in experimental colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:1820-7. [PMID: 25167215 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Th1 and Th17 cell types are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. We recently demonstrated that retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-expressing Th17 cells are progenitor cells for alternative Th1 cells, which have the potential to induce colitis. However, the involvement of classical Th1 (cTh1) cells generated directly from naive T cells without RORγt expression in the pathogenesis of colitis remains poorly understood. METHODS We performed a series of in vivo experiments using a murine chronic colitis model induced by adoptive transfer of splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from wild-type, RORγt(gfp/gfp), or RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice into RAG-2(-/-) mice. RESULTS RAG-2(-/-) mice receiving transfer of in vitro-manipulated RORγt(gfp/gfp) Th1 cells developed colitis. RAG-2(-/-) mice co-transferred with splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from wild-type mice and RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice developed colitis with a significant increase in RORγt cTh1 cell numbers when compared with noncolitic mice transferred with splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice. Furthermore, RAG-2(-/-) mice transferred with in vivo-manipulated RORγt(gfp/gfp) cTh1 cells developed colitis with a significant increase in RORγt(gfp/gfp) cTh1 cell numbers. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that both alternative Th1 cells and cTh1 cells have the potential to be colitogenic in an adaptive transfer model. The development of cTh1 cells was dependent on the co-existence of RORγt-expressing T cells, suggesting a critical role for the interactions of these cell types in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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81
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Barczyk A, Pierzchala W, Caramori G, Wiaderkiewicz R, Kaminski M, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Decreased percentage of CD4(+)Foxp3(+)TGF-β(+) and increased percentage of CD4(+)IL-17(+) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatics. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:22. [PMID: 25132806 PMCID: PMC4133956 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with the proven role of Th2 cells in its pathogenesis. The role and characteristic of different subsets of CD4+ cells is much less known. Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of different subsets of CD4+ T cells, in particular different subsets of CD4+ cells with the co-expression of different cytokines. Methods Twenty five stable asthmatic and twelve age-matched control subjects were recruited to the study. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed in all study subjects. CD4+ T cells were isolated from BAL fluid by positive magnetic selection. After stimulation simultaneous expression of TGF-β, FoxP3, CD25, IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α (set 1); IL-10, FoxP3, CD25, IFN-γ, IL-4, MIP-1β (set 2); IL-17A, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-4, MIP-1β (set 3) were measured by flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD4+ cells co-expressing Foxp3 and TGF-β (CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+ cells) was significantly lower (P = 0.03), whereas the percentage of CD4+IL-17+ cells (P = 0.008), CD4+IL-17+ IFN-γ+ cells (P = 0.047) and CD4+IL-4+ cells (P = 0.01) were significantly increased in asthmatics compared with that seen in healthy subjects. A significantly higher percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ cells from asthma patients expressed IFN-γ (P = 0.01), IL-4 (P = 0.004) and CD25 (P = 0.04), whereas the percentage of CD4+IL-10+ cells expressing Foxp3 was significantly decreased in asthmatics (P = 0.03). FEV1% predicted correlated negatively with the percentage of CD4+IL-17+ cells (r = -0.33; P = 0.046) and positively with CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+ cells (r = 0.43; P = 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that in the airways of chronic asthma patients there is an imbalance between increased numbers of CD4+IL-17+ cells and Th2 cells and decreased number of CD4+Foxp3+TGF-β+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barczyk
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Pierzchala
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Katedra i Zaklad Histologii i Embriologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kaminski
- Katedra i Zaklad Histologii i Embriologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis is an intriguing manifestation of JIA and an important contributor of long-term damage. Its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. This review summarizes current concepts. JIA is both a multifactorial and polygenetic disease. In the past 2 decades, multiple studies have indicated that the genetic contribution to both JIA and JIA-associated uveitis is modest. From an ophthalmological point of view, much of the pathophysiological data is derived from studies in experimental uveitis animal models. The pathophysiology of the arthritic manifestations of JIA has been studied extensively in humans. These studies have focused on the principal cells of the adaptive immune system, in particular different subsets of regulatory and effector T cells, as well as on antigen presenting cells or dendritic cells. With advancing technology and advancing knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of JIA-associated uveitis, new targets for therapy might evolve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , The Netherlands and
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Gamazo C, Gastaminza G, Ferrer M, Sanz ML, Irache JM. Nanoparticle based-immunotherapy against allergy. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:885-97. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases, reaching epidemic proportions in developed countries. An allergic reaction occurs after contact with an environmental protein, such as inhalants allergens (pollen, animal dander, house dust mites), or food proteins. This response is known as part of the type 2 immunity that is counterbalanced by Type 1 immunity and Tregs. Widely used allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) is a long term treatment to induce such switch from Th2 to Th1 response. However, conventional IT requires multiple allergen injections over a long period of time and is not free of risk of producing allergic reactions. As a consequence, new safer and faster immunotherapeutic methods are required. This review deals with allergen IT using nanoparticles as allergen delivery system that will allow a different way of administration, reduce dose and diminish allergen exposure to IgE bound to mast cells or basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gamazo
- University of Navarra Dept. Microbiology C/Irunlarrea, 1; 31080 - Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gastaminza
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - María L Sanz
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- University of Navarra Dept. Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology C/Irunlarrea, 1; 31080 – Pamplona, Spain
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Interplay of T Helper 17 Cells with CD4(+)CD25(high) FOXP3(+) Tregs in Regulation of Allergic Asthma in Pediatric Patients. Int J Pediatr 2014; 2014:636238. [PMID: 24995020 PMCID: PMC4065696 DOI: 10.1155/2014/636238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. There is evidence that Tregs are important to prevent allergic diseases like asthma but limited literature exists on role of TH17 cells in allergic diseases. Methods. Fifty children with asthma and respiratory allergy (study group) and twenty healthy children (control group) were recruited in this study. Total IgE levels and pulmonary function tests were assessed. The expression of Tregs and cytokines was determined by flow cytometry. Results. The average level of total IgE in study group (316.8 ± 189.8 IU/mL) was significantly higher than controls (50 ± 17.5 IU/mL, P < 0.0001). The frequency of TH17 cells and culture supernatant level of IL-17 in study group (12.09 ± 8.67 pg/mL) was significantly higher than control group (2.01 ± 1.27 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Alternatively, the frequency of FOXP3 level was significantly lower in study group [(49.00 ± 13.47)%] than in control group [(95.91 ± 2.63)%] and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ to CD4+CD25+ ratio was also significantly decreased in study group [(6.33 ± 2.18)%] compared to control group [(38.61 ± 11.04)%]. The total serum IgE level is negatively correlated with FOXP3 level (r = −0.5273, P < 0.0001). The FOXP3 expression is negatively correlated with the IL-17 levels (r = −0.5631, P < 0.0001) and IL-4 levels (r = −0.2836, P = 0.0460). Conclusions. Imbalance in TH17/Tregs, elevated IL-17, and IL-4 response and downregulation of FOXP3 were associated with allergic asthma.
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85
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Ozkan ZS, Deveci D, Simsek M, Ilhan F, Risvanli A, Sapmaz E. What is the impact of SOCS3, IL-35 and IL17 in immune pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:324-8. [PMID: 24762139 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.916676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the plasma levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-17, IL-35 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the women with history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and in the fertile controls. METHODS This study was conducted with 60 idiopathic RPL cases and 40 age-matched fertile controls. Mid-follicular plasma levels of IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, SOCS3 and IL-35 were assayed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean age of RPL and control cases were 31.6 ± 0.6 and 32.1 ± 0.7 years, respectively. While plasma IL-35 and SOCS3 levels of RPL group were significantly lower than that of the control group; IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta levels of RPL group were significantly higher than that of the control group. The comparison of cytokine ratios between RPL and control groups indicated significantly high TNF-alpha/IL-10, TNF-alpha/IL-4, IFN-gamma/IL-10, IFN-gamma/IL-6 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios in the RPL group. IL-35/IL-17 ratio was significantly low in the RPL group compared to that in the control group. Overstimulation of TNF-alpha presented moderate influence on recurrent miscarriage risk. CONCLUSION Decreased SOCS3 and IL-35 plasma levels and increased Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios in RPL cases pointed out the supression of anti-inflammatory process and this supression might play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Sema Ozkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat University School of Medicine , Elazig , Turkey
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86
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The Treg/Th17 paradigm in lung cancer. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:730380. [PMID: 24872958 PMCID: PMC4020459 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of lung cancer are very complex and not yet entirely clarified. T lymphocytes and their immune-regulatory cytokines play a pivotal role in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Following activation by unique cytokines, CD4+ T helper cells differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Traditionally, research in lung cancer immunity has focused almost exclusively on Th1/Th2 cell balance. Recently, Th17 cells and Tregs represent an intriguing issue to be addressed in lung cancer pathogenesis. Tregs play an important role in the preservation of self-tolerance and modulation of overall immune responses against tumor cells. Th17 cells directly or via other proinflammatory cytokines modulate antitumor immune responses. Notably, there is a close relation between Tregs and Th17 cells. However, the possible interaction between these subsets in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. In this setting, targeting Treg/Th17 balance for therapeutic purposes may represent a useful tool for lung cancer treatment in the future. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings of the role of these novel populations in lung cancer immunity and to highlight the pleiotropic effects of these subsets on the development and regulation of lung cancer.
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Salerno F, van Lier RAW, Wolkers MC. Better safe than sorry: TOB1 employs multiple parallel regulatory pathways to keep Th17 cells quiet. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:646-9. [PMID: 24497109 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are key players in antibacterial and antifungal immunity, but have also been implicated in autoimmunity. Interestingly, Th17 cells poorly proliferate upon stimulation, a phenotype that was attributed to a decreased sensitivity to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, and to low IL-2 production by Th17 cells. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Santarlasci et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 654-661] shed further light on the molecular mechanism that keeps Th17 cells at bay. They identify the transcriptional regulator TOB1, which not only impairs IL-2 production in Th17 cells, but also blocks the expression of cell cycle genes. Strikingly, TOB1 suppresses Th17-cell proliferation through several pathways, including impaired signal transduction, transcription, and possibly also post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Salerno
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research/Landsteiner laboratory AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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88
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Bansal AS, Bajardeen B, Shehata H, Thum MY. Recurrent miscarriage and autoimmunity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:37-44. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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89
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Saito S, Nakashima A, Ito M, Shima T. Clinical implication of recent advances in our understanding of IL-17 and reproductive immunology. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:649-57. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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90
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Naegele M, Martin R. The good and the bad of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 122:59-87. [PMID: 24507513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52001-2.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). It is widely considered a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals, possibly under the influence of certain environmental trigger factors. The invasion of autoreactive CD4+ T-cells into the CNS is thought to be a central step that initiates the disease. Several other cell types, including CD8+ T-cells, B-cells and phagocytes appear to be involved in causing inflammation and eventually neurodegeneration. But inflammation is not entirely deleterious in MS. Evidence has accumulated in the recent years that show the importance of regulatory immune mechanisms which restrain tissue damage and initiate regeneration. More insight into the beneficial aspects of neuroinflammation might allow us to develop new treatment strategies for this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Naegele
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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91
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A trifunctional dextran-based nanovaccine targets and activates murine dendritic cells, and induces potent cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80904. [PMID: 24339889 PMCID: PMC3855172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute an attractive target for specific delivery of nanovaccines for immunotherapeutic applications. Here we tested nano-sized dextran (DEX) particles to serve as a DC-addressing nanocarrier platform. Non-functionalized DEX particles had no immunomodulatory effect on bone marrow (BM)-derived murine DCs in vitro. However, when adsorbed with ovalbumine (OVA), DEX particles were efficiently engulfed by BM-DCs in a mannose receptor-dependent manner. A DEX-based nanovaccine containing OVA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a DC stimulus induced strong OVA peptide-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation both in vitro and upon systemic application in mice, as well as a robust OVA-specific humoral immune response (IgG1>IgG2a) in vivo. Accordingly, this nanovaccine also raised both a more pronounced delayed-type hypersensitivity response and a stronger induction of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells than obtained upon administration of OVA and LPS in soluble form. Therefore, DEX-based nanoparticles constitute a potent, versatile and easy to prepare nanovaccine platform for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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92
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Lichtblau N, Schmidt FM, Schumann R, Kirkby KC, Himmerich H. Cytokines as biomarkers in depressive disorder: current standing and prospects. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013; 25:592-603. [PMID: 24151804 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.813442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The frequently observed co-occurrence of depressive disorders and inflammatory diseases suggests a close connection between the nervous and the immune systems. Increased pro-inflammatory and type 1 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, appear to be an important link. Cytokines are synthesized by immune cells in the blood and peripheral tissues and by glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence suggests that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is permeable to cytokines and immune cells, and that afferent nerves, e.g. the vagus nerve, mediate the communication between peripheral inflammatory processes and CNS. Cytokines such as IL-1ß, TNF-α and IFN-γ seem to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression by activating monoamine reuptake, stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and decreasing production of serotonin due to increased activity of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). However, critical appraisal of these hypotheses is required, because cytokine elevation is not specific to depression. Moreover, several effective antidepressants such as amitriptyline and mirtazapine have been shown to increase cytokine production. When applying immunomodulatory therapies, these drugs may increase the risk of specific side effects such as infections or interact with antidepressant drugs on important functions of the body such as the coagulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lichtblau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig Germany
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de Oliveira BF, Veloso CA, Nogueira-Machado JA, de Moraes EN, dos Santos RR, Cintra MTG, Chaves MM. Ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene reduce oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease patients. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 15:244-51. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Su Z, Shotorbani SS, Jiang X, Ma R, Shen H, Kong F, Xu H. A method of experimental rheumatoid arthritis induction using collagen type II isolated from chicken sternal cartilage. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:113-7. [PMID: 23673730 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, collagen‑induced arthritis (CIA) is the best known and most extensively used model for the immunological and pathological characteristics of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This model is useful not only in aiding our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, but also in the development of new therapies. Bovine, porcine and human collagen has been used to induce CIA; however, response has been identified to vary between strains and injection conditions, and false positive results and reduced potency are common as a result of minor contaminants or deglycosylated protein. Therefore, in the present study, type II collagen (CII) was isolated and purified from chicken sternal cartilage and was found to successfully induce the RA model. Furthermore, T helper 17 (Th17) cells were observed to infiltrate the joint on day 45 following induction by CII. In vitro, expression of toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) increased in peritoneal macrophages stimulated by CII. In addition, blockage of TLR2 was identified to markedly decrease levels of TGF‑β and IL‑6 in the cell culture supernatant. The results indicate that CII isolated from chicken sternal cartilage may be recognized by TLR2 on macrophages, leading to TGF‑β and IL‑6 production and subsequent activation of Th17 cells which mediates CIA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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95
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Gharesi-Fard B, Zolghadri J, Haghbin H. Soluble CD30 (sCD30) and effectiveness of leukocyte therapy in recurrent pregnancy loss patients. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 97:240-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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96
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Quintana FJ. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a molecular pathway for the environmental control of the immune response. Immunology 2013. [PMID: 23190340 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors have significant effects on the development of autoimmune diseases. The ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is controlled by endogenous and environmental small molecules. Hence, AHR provides a molecular pathway by which endogenous and environmental signals can influence the immune response and the development of autoimmune diseases. AHR also provides a target for therapeutic intervention in immune-mediated disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of AHR in the regulation of T-cell differentiation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bahr F, Wehner R, Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Shayegi N, Middeke JM, Röllig C, Schetelig J, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, Tuve S. Reconstitution of Interleukin-17–Producing T Helper Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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98
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Martinez FF, Cervi L, Knubel CP, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Motran CC. The Role of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) in Regulating the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:383-94. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Carolina P. Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Graciela M. Panzetta-Dutari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Motran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
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99
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Samson M, Audia S, Fraszczak J, Trad M, Ornetti P, Lakomy D, Ciudad M, Leguy V, Berthier S, Vinit J, Manckoundia P, Maillefert JF, Besancenot JF, Aho-Glele S, Olsson NO, Lorcerie B, Guillevin L, Mouthon L, Saas P, Bateman A, Martin L, Janikashvili N, Larmonier N, Bonnotte B. Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes expressing CD161 are implicated in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica pathogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:3788-98. [PMID: 22833233 DOI: 10.1002/art.34647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most frequently occurring vasculitis in elderly individuals, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to decipher the role of the major CD4+ T cell subsets in GCA and its rheumatologic form, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). METHODS A prospective study of the phenotype and the function of major CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th17, and Treg cells) was performed in 34 untreated patients with GCA or PMR, in comparison with 31 healthy control subjects and with the 27 treated patients who remained after the 7 others withdrew. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, patients with GCA and patients with PMR had a decreased frequency of Treg cells and Th1 cells, whereas the percentage of Th17 cells was significantly increased. Furthermore, an analysis of temporal artery biopsy specimens obtained from patients affected by GCA for whom biopsy results were positive demonstrated massive infiltration by Th17 and Th1 lymphocytes without any Treg cells. After glucocorticoid treatment, the percentages of circulating Th1 and Th17 cells decreased, whereas no change in the Treg cell frequency was observed. The frequency of CD161+CD4+ T cells, which are considered to be Th17 cell precursors, was similar in patients and control subjects. However, these cells highly infiltrated GCA temporal artery biopsy specimens, and their ability to produce interleukin-17 in vitro was significantly enhanced in patients with GCA and patients with PMR and was correlated with a decrease in the phosphorylated form of STAT-1. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that the frequency of Treg cells is decreased in patients with GCA and patients with PMR, and that CD161+CD4+ T lymphocytes, differentiated into Th1 cells and Th17 cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of GCA and PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Samson
- Université de Bourgogne and CHU Dijon le Bocage, Dijon, France
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100
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Burguillos MA. Use of meso-scale discovery™ to examine cytokine content in microglia cell supernatant. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1041:93-100. [PMID: 23813373 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-520-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine production by activated microglia is one of the hallmarks of inflammatory response in the CNS. The cytokines released by microglia cells can be very different depending on the proinflammatory stimulus. Traditionally, to quantify these different cytokines, the "Sandwich"-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Sandwich-ELISA) has been used. In this chapter we will discuss and describe an improved protocol of the Sandwich-ELISA developed by Meso-Scale Discovery based on an electrochemiluminescence detection system, which allows the ultralow detection of multiple cytokines in microglia cell supernatant.
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