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de Paula Menezes Barbosa P, Roggia Ruviaro A, Mateus Martins I, Alves Macedo J, LaPointe G, Alves Macedo G. Effect of enzymatic treatment of citrus by-products on bacterial growth, adhesion and cytokine production by Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:8996-9009. [PMID: 33007056 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrus by-products are inexpensive sources of polyphenols, important bioactive compounds with wide pharmaceutical and food applications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatic treatment of citrus by-products on the polyphenolic profile of extracts and assess the influence of extracts on the growth and adhesion of probiotics and foodborne pathogenic bacteria and on the inflammatory response of epithelial cells. Enzyme-assisted extraction altered the polyphenolic profile (as assessed by HPLC-DAD), increasing the content of aglycone flavanones (naringenin and hesperetin). Enzymatic extracts and aglycone flavanones exhibited higher antibacterial and prebiotic activities than non-enzymatic extracts and glycoside flavanones. However, a higher content of aglycones was not associated with higher anti-adhesion activity. Citrus extracts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the inflammatory response of Caco-2 cells to Salmonella Typhimurium adhesion. These results support the sustainable reuse of citrus agroindustrial wastes and indicate the potential of citrus extracts in preventing infection by foodborne pathogenic bacteria and inducing proliferation of probiotics in foods and the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Roggia Ruviaro
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Isabela Mateus Martins
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabriela Alves Macedo
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil. and School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
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Tsiokanos E, Tsafantakis N, Termentzi A, Aligiannis N, Skaltsounis LA, Fokialakis N. Phytochemical characteristics of bergamot oranges from the Ionian islands of Greece: A multi-analytical approach with emphasis in the distribution of neohesperidose flavanones. Food Chem 2020; 343:128400. [PMID: 33131954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the peculiar phytochemical characteristics of bergamots cultivated in distinct islands of the Ionian Sea. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) supported by 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy was used for unambiguous metabolic profiling of albedo, flavedo and juice samples. Profile differences were determined using a multi-analytical clustering approach based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprints and UHPLC-HRMS data. Finally, a validated HPLC method offering good precision (0.12-0.94%) and accuracy (95.25-103.93%) was proposed for the quantification of the major flavanones. A total of 37 secondary metabolites were characterized belonging to flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins. Their distribution was tissue-dependent and varied significantly from bergamots of other geographical locations. Surprisingly, neoeriocitrin was the major flavanone, reaching 1.69 ± 0.05 g/L in the juice and 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/g in albedo. This is the highest reported amount among Citrus species, rendering Ionian bergamots a promising candidate for novel functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsiokanos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsafantakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Laboratory of the Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros A Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Villumsen KR, Ohtani M, Forberg T, Aasum E, Tinsley J, Bojesen AM. Synbiotic feed supplementation significantly improves lipid utilization and shows discrete effects on disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16993. [PMID: 33046750 PMCID: PMC7550352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric redmouth disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri is the main reason for antimicrobial prescription, and a cause of substantial economic losses and decreased animal welfare in aquaculture. Given the importance of the intestinal microbiota in digestion and disease, our aim was to investigate whether synbiotic feed supplementation strategies could improve feed performance and disease resistance. Four experimental synbiotic feeds formulated with pre- and probiotics were tested against a commercially available probiotic control feed. Each experimental feed was evaluated for feed performance, effects on gross as well as intestinal morphometrics, and finally their effect on resistance against a waterborne experimental infection with Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1, biotype 2. While co-supplementing Pediococcus acidilactici with citrus flavonoids or bacterial paraprobiotics significantly improved utilization of feed lipid content relative to the control group, a decrease in lipid utilization was observed for feeds that combined P. acidilactici with yeast paraprobiotics. No significant improvements on disease resistance were observed. Still, synbiotic formulations including P. acidilactici led to reduced risks relative to that of the control group, while an increased relative risk was observed for a Bacillus-based formulation. In conclusion, two of the synbiotic supplements significantly improved lipid utilization and contributed to minor increases in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Rømer Villumsen
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Maki Ohtani
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Division of Development of Functional Brain Activities,Research Centre for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Groppo M, Jório Cavalcante de Lemos L, de Lima Ferreira P, Ferreira C, Poleselli Bruniera C, Maria de Castro N, Rubens Pirani J, Hanna Leite El Ottra J, Ann Kallunki J. A tree nymph of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Dryades (Galipeinae, Rutaceae), a new neotropical genus segregated from Conchocarpus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106971. [PMID: 33035682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Subtribe Galipeinae (tribe Galipeeae) is the most diverse group of Rutaceae (the orange family) in the Neotropics, with 27 genera and ca. 130 species. The largest genus in the subtribe is Conchocarpus, with ca. 50 species, distributed from Central America to southern Brazil, and is particularly diverse in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The circumscription of the genus was recently changed to accommodate the species of Almeidea. However, even with this inclusion, Conchocarpus did not appear as monophyletic because the position of C. concinnus, which appeared in a clade with the other genera of Galipeinae rather than in the clade with the other species of Conchocarpus. The objective of the present study is to investigate the phylogenetic position of four other species of Conchocarpus (hereafter called "C. gauchaudianus group") that share morphological traits and geographical distribution with C. concinnus suggesting a close phylogenetic affinity. Phylogenetic analyses were based on morphological and molecular data from nuclear regions ITS-1 and ITS-2 as well as plastid regions trnL-trnF and rps-16, and were conducted with parsimony and Bayesian inference as optimization criteria. Results showed Conchocarpus as polyphyletic with its species divided in two clades, one, herein called "the Conchocarpus sensu stricto group," includes the type species C. macrophyllus, and the other "the Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus group" includes C. concinnus. The latter group is here recognized as a new genus, Dryades, the name given by Carl Friederich von Martius (1794-1868) to the Domain of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, inspired by the tree nymphs in Greek mythology. Floral structure and leaf morphology provided further support to the findings of phylogenetic analysis. A description of the new genus, new combinations, a key to the species of the new genus, discussions of the affinities of the species are also provided, as well as data on the conservation status of the species of Dryades. Additionally, new data on floral structure of C. heterophyllus, C. macrophyllus and C. minutiflorus (all from the Conchocarpus sensu stricto group) are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14051-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Jório Cavalcante de Lemos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14051-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14051-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14051-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Poleselli Bruniera
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, 09913-030 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria de Castro
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Rubens Pirani
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues AC, Almeida FAD, André C, Vanetti MCD, Pinto UM, Hassimotto NMA, Vieira ÉNR, Andrade NJD. Phenolic extract of Eugenia uniflora L. and furanone reduce biofilm formation by Serratia liquefaciens and increase its susceptibility to antimicrobials. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1031-1048. [PMID: 33187450 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1844881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serratia liquefaciens is a spoilage microorganism of relevance in the dairy industry because it is psychrotrophic, able to form biofilm, and produces thermoresistant proteases and lipases. Phenolic compounds and furanones have been studied as inhibitors of biofilm formation. In this study, the potential of the pulp phenolic extract of Eugenia uniflora L. orange fruits, also called pitanga, and furanone C30 on the inhibition of biofilm formation by S. liquefaciens L53 and the susceptibility to different antimicrobials were evaluated. The pulp phenolic extract of pitanga had a high total phenolic content, being mainly composed of glycosylated quercetins and ellagitannins. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of this extract and furanone reduced biofilm formation by S. liquefaciens on polystyrene and the amount of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA in the biofilms. These biofilms were also more susceptible to kanamycin. The combinations of furanone with phenolic extract of pitanga or kanamycin showed a synergistic effect with total growth inhibition of S. liquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleriane André
- Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Salesiano, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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56
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Krzyżek P, Paluch E, Gościniak G. Synergistic Therapies as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100658. [PMID: 33007899 PMCID: PMC7599531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the development of gastric diseases. The issue of spreading antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and its limited therapeutic options is an important topic in modern gastroenterology. This phenomenon is greatly associated with a very narrow range of antibiotics used in standard therapies and, as a consequence, an alarmingly high detection of multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. For this reason, scientists are increasingly focused on the search for new substances that will not only exhibit antibacterial effect against H. pylori, but also potentiate the activity of antibiotics. The aim of the current review is to present scientific reports showing newly discovered or repurposed compounds with an ability to enhance the antimicrobial activity of classically used antibiotics against H. pylori. To gain a broader context in their future application in therapies of H. pylori infections, their antimicrobial properties, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations, dose- and time-dependent mode of action, and, if characterized, anti-biofilm and/or in vivo activity are further described. The authors of this review hope that this article will encourage the scientific community to expand research on the important issue of synergistic therapies in the context of combating H. pylori infections.
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57
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Low-cost green recyclable biomaterial for energy-dependent electrical switching and intact biofilm with antibacterial properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14600. [PMID: 32884095 PMCID: PMC7471284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly cost-effective recycled biomaterial extracted from lime peel has been made biocompatible and has been coated on a commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate of glass using the spin coating method. Structural, morphologic, electronic, and antibacterial measurements were thoroughly characterized as a green biomaterial thin film using X-rays (XRD), PL, FTIR, Raman, SEM, HRTEM, AFM, I–V, and antibacterial diffusion techniques. The comprehensive analysis of structures of recyclable waste in the form of lime peel extract (LPE) as thin films showed the crystalline cellulose structure that corresponds to the lattice fringe (0.342 nm) exposed by HRTEM. The K+1 interstitial active sites or vacancies in LPE/FTO thin films are confirmed by the PL spectra that show important evidence about conduction mechanisms, and hence facilitates Ag+1 ion migration from the top to the bottom electrode. The AFM investigations revealed the minor surface roughness (169.61 nm) of the LPE/FTO film, which controls the current leakage that is associated with surface defects. The designed memory cell (Ag/LPE/FTO) exhibits stable, reproducible electrical switching under low operational voltage and is equipped with excellent retention over 5 × 103 s. Furthermore, owing to presence of flavonoids and their superior antioxidant nature, lime peel extract powder shows tremendous antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
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58
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59
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Mickymaray S, Alfaiz FA, Paramasivam A. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080450. [PMID: 32726972 PMCID: PMC7460331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the causative agent of severe chronic pulmonary diseases and is accountable for post-traumatic wound infections, lymphadenitis, endometritis, cutaneous, eye infections and disseminated diseases. These infections are extremely challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance, which encompasses the classical and existing antituberculosis agents. Hence, current studies are aimed to appraise the antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids against NTM, their capacity to synergize with pharmacological agents and their ability to block virulence. Flavonoids have potential antimycobacterial effects at minor quantities by themselves or in synergistic combinations. A cocktail of flavonoids used with existing antimycobacterial agents is a strategy to lessen side effects. The present review focuses on recent studies on naturally occurring flavonoids and their antimycobacterial effects, underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects in a cocktail with traditional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
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60
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Kufs JE, Hoefgen S, Rautschek J, Bissell AU, Graf C, Fiedler J, Braga D, Regestein L, Rosenbaum MA, Thiele J, Valiante V. Rational Design of Flavonoid Production Routes Using Combinatorial and Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1823-1832. [PMID: 32525654 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial biosynthesis has great potential for designing synthetic circuits and amplifying the production of new active compounds. Studies on multienzyme cascades are extremely useful for improving our knowledge on enzymatic catalysis. In particular, the elucidation of enzyme substrate promiscuity can be potentially used for bioretrosynthetic approaches, leading to the design of alternative and more convenient routes to produce relevant molecules. In this perspective, plant-derived polyketides are extremely adaptable to those synthetic biological applications. Here, we present a combination of an in vitro CoA ligase activity assay coupled with a bacterial multigene expression system that leads to precursor-directed biosynthesis of 21 flavonoid derivatives. When the vast knowledge from protein databases is exploited, the herein presented procedure can be easily repeated with additional plant-derived polyketides. Lastly, we report an efficient in vivo expression system that can be further exploited to heterologously express pathways not necessarily related to plant polyketide synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann E. Kufs
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Sandra Hoefgen
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Julia Rautschek
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Alexander U. Bissell
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Carola Graf
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Polymer Micro (bio)reactors”, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Jonas Fiedler
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Daniel Braga
- Synthetic Microbiology Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Polymer Micro (bio)reactors”, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Vito Valiante
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
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Shang S, Wang B, Zhang S, Liu G, Liang X, Zhang R, Gleason ML, Sun G. A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:936-950. [PMID: 32512647 PMCID: PMC7279981 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum fructicola causes diseases on a broad range of plant species. On susceptible cultivars of apple, it induces severe early defoliation and fruit spots, named glomerella leaf spot (GLS), but the mechanisms of pathogenicity have remained elusive. Phytopathogens exhibit small secreted effectors to advance host infection by manipulating host immune reactions. We report the identification and characterization of CfEC92, an effector required for C. fructicola virulence. CfEC92 is a Colletotrichum-specific small secreted protein that suppresses BAX-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Accumulation of the gene transcript was barely detectable in conidia or vegetative hyphae, but was highly up-regulated in appressoria formed during early apple leaf infection. Gene deletion mutants were not affected in vegetative growth, appressorium formation, or appressorium-mediated cellophane penetration. However, the mutants were significantly reduced in virulence toward apple leaves and fruits. Microscopic examination indicated that infection by the deletion mutants elicited elevated deposition of papillae at the penetration sites, and formation of infection vesicles and primary hyphae was retarded. Signal peptide activity, subcellular localization, and cell death-suppressive activity (without signal peptide) assays suggest that CfEC92 could be secreted and perform virulence functions inside plant cells. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results confirmed that the deletion mutants triggered elevated host defence reactions. Our results strongly support the interpretation that CfEC92 contributes to C. fructicola virulence as a plant immunity suppressor at the early infection phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Guangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Mark L. Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa StateUSA
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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62
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Vinegar production from Citrus bergamia by-products and preservation of bioactive compounds. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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63
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Hernández-Cánovas JDD, Guillén-López I, Vizcaíno-Milla P, Andreo-López MI, Sánchez-Rubio M, Taboada-Rodríguez A, Marín-Iniesta F. Antimicrobial activity of Citrus spp. and Anethum graveolens components against Candida metapsilosis in ranch sauce. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2713-2721. [PMID: 32549621 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a study was carried out to test the inhibitory effect of a natural food compound (NFC), based on flavonoids (naringenin, hesperetin, tangeritin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol) from citrus and dill, in ranch sauce. A strain of C. metapsilosis, isolated from a spoiled sample of ranch sauce, was used as target pathogen microorganism. The inhibitory effect of NFC was compared with a common mixture of chemical preservatives used in this type of sauces: potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate (S/B). An in vitro test was performed by the microtiter plate assay at 10, 25 and 37 °C for 24 h in modified Tryptic Soy Broth. An additive antimicrobial effect had been observed in the combination of acetic acid and NFC. The results of the microtiter assay were validated in a challenge test in ranch sauce at 5, 25 and 37 °C for 10 weeks. NFC showed partial fungicidal effect against C. metapsilosis, reducing two logarithmic units at 5 °C for 10 weeks. At 5 °C, the traditional doses of S/B used in ranch sauce decreased viable cells to non-detectable counts from the second week of the experiment. At 25 and 37 °C, the use of S/B mixture or the use of NFC showed the same fungicidal effect. The incorporation of NFC, alone or in combination with acetic acid, opens the possibility of formulating clean label sauces with good protection against the development of the acid resistant yeast C. metapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Guillén-López
- Prosur Inc., Calle Saavedra Fajardo, Parcela 27/7, 30169 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Vizcaíno-Milla
- Prosur Inc., Calle Saavedra Fajardo, Parcela 27/7, 30169 Murcia, Spain
| | - M I Andreo-López
- Grupo Biotecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Rubio
- Prosur Inc., Calle Saavedra Fajardo, Parcela 27/7, 30169 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Taboada-Rodríguez
- Desarrollos Bio-Tecno-Alimentarios Ltd., Calle Senda de Enmedio 12, 1C, 30009 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Marín-Iniesta
- Grupo Biotecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Guo C, Shan Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Ling W, Liang Y, Ouyang Z, Zhong B, Zhang J. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2664-2674. [PMID: 31997352 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) is the major navel orange cultivar planted in China. Almost all Newhall navel orange peels produced in that country are currently discarded, which is not only harmful to the environment but also a waste of resources. It is therefore necessary to carry out research to explore the utilization potential of this resource. RESULTS A 95% ethanol extract (EE) of Newhall orange peel was prepared and fractionated into three subextracts: petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EtOAcE), and water extract (WE) by simple liquid / liquid extractions. These four extracts were then subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition assays. Interestingly, EtOAcE was significantly superior to all other three extracts, exhibiting the best biological effects. The total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and primary individual flavonoids of these four extracts were analyzed and compared. This was followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and the Pearson's correlation test. The result indicates that the primary bioactive compounds responsible for the biological effects of the EtOAcE are sinensetin, 4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, nobiletin, 3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone, and narirutin. In view of its easy preparation and potent biological effects, EtOAcE might demonstrate excellent application potential in various industrial areas. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully identified EtOAcE as a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibitory agent, which might add value to the utilization of Newhall navel orange peel in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Youxia Shan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ouyang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Rømer Villumsen K, Ohtani M, Forberg T, Tinsley J, Boye M, Bojesen AM. Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). PeerJ 2020; 8:e8706. [PMID: 32181057 PMCID: PMC7060755 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the β-glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids and citrus flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as components in complex feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Rømer Villumsen
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maki Ohtani
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Boye
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders M. Bojesen
- Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Ekrami EM, Aghdas SAM, Mihanfar A, Hallaj S, Yousefi B, Safa A, Majidinia M. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by polyphenols: Implication for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 255:117481. [PMID: 32135183 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the biggest challenges facing medicine and its cure is regarded to be the Holy Grail of medicine. Therapy in cancer is consisted as various artificial cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy, and recently immunotherapy. Recently much attention has been directed to the use of natural occurring agents in cancer therapy. One of the main group of agents utilized in this regard is polyphenols which are found abundantly in berries, fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols show to exert direct and indirect effects in progression of cancer, angiogenesis, proliferation and enhancing resistance to treatment. One of the cellular pathways commonly affected by polyphenols is PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which has far ranging effects on multiple key aspects of cellular growth, metabolism and death. In this review article, evidence regarding the biology of polyphenols in cancer via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is discussed and their application on cancer pathophysiology in various types of human malignancies is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elyad Mohammadi Ekrami
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mousavi Aghdas
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahin Hallaj
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Lengai GM, Muthomi JW, Mbega ER. Phytochemical activity and role of botanical pesticides in pest management for sustainable agricultural crop production. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Barreca D, Mandalari G, Calderaro A, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Felice MR, Gattuso G. Citrus Flavones: An Update on Sources, Biological Functions, and Health Promoting Properties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030288. [PMID: 32110931 PMCID: PMC7154817 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus spp. are among the most widespread plants cultivated worldwide and every year millions of tons of fruit, juices, or processed compounds are produced and consumed, representing one of the main sources of nutrients in human diet. Among these, the flavonoids play a key role in providing a wide range of health beneficial effects. Apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin, chrysoeriol, and their respective glycosides, that occur in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, are the most common flavones found in Citrus fruits and juices. The unique characteristics of their basic skeleton and the nature and position of the substituents have attracted and stimulated vigorous investigations as a consequence of an enormous biological potential, that manifests itself as (among other properties) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review analyzes the biochemical, pharmacological, and biological properties of Citrus flavones, emphasizing their occurrence in Citrus spp. fruits and juices, on their bioavailability, and their ability to modulate signal cascades and key metabolic enzymes both in vitro and in vivo. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciFinder were used to investigate recent published articles on Citrus spp. in terms of components and bioactivity potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765187; Fax: +39-0906765186
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Agricultural Science, Università degli Studi Mediterranea, Feo di Vito, IT-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Rosa Felice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
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Takó M, Kerekes EB, Zambrano C, Kotogán A, Papp T, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C. Plant Phenolics and Phenolic-Enriched Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Food-Contaminating Microorganisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E165. [PMID: 32085580 PMCID: PMC7070704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and extracts with bioactive properties can be obtained from many kinds of plant materials. These natural substances have gained attention in the food research as possible growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Many phenolic-enriched plant extracts and individual phenolics have promising anti-quorum sensing potential as well and can suppress the biofilm formation and toxin production of food-related pathogens. Various studies have shown that plant phenolics can substitute or support the activity of synthetic food preservatives and disinfectants, which, by the way, can provoke serious concerns in consumers. In this review, we will provide a brief insight into the bioactive properties, i.e., the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm and anti-enterotoxin activities, of plant phenolic extracts and compounds, with special attention to pathogen microorganisms that have food relation. Carbohydrase aided applications to improve the antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Alexandra Kotogán
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
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Kesbiç OS, Acar Ü, Yilmaz S, Aydin ÖD. Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil-supplemented diets on growth performance, haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:103-110. [PMID: 31482231 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary Citrus bergamia peel oil (CBO) on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Volatile content of C. bergamia peel oil used in study was detected with GC/MS. The 99.47% of the analysed volatile components were identified in decreasing quantities as limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate. The experimental fish were divided into four groups stocked into triplicate tanks (20 fish/tank), and fed daily with an additive-free basal diet containing 0% (CBO0), 0.5% (CBO0.5), 1.0% (CBO1), 2.0% (CBO2) of bergamot peel oil for an 8-week period. Results showed that dietary bergamot peel oil especially at 0.5 g 100 g-1 significantly increased growth performance of fish (p < 0.05). The levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased in fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 compared with the CBO0-fed group (p < 0.05), despite no significant difference was observed in CBO2 group (p > 0.05). Highest haematocrit value was found in the CBO0.5 group compared with the control group. The serum glucose of the fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 feeds decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The highest total protein, lowest cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were observed in fish fed with bergamot oil-supplemented groups. According to the results, it was revealed that 0.5% bergamot oil supplementation to Nile tilapia diets optimizes the growth performance, feed utilization and health status related with blood parameters of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabri Kesbiç
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ümit Acar
- Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Sevdan Yilmaz
- Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Özlem Durna Aydin
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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Assirey E, Alsaggaf A, Naqvi A, Moussa Z, Okasha RM, Afifi TH, Abd-El-Aziz AS. Synthesis, Biological Assessment, and Structure Activity Relationship Studies of New Flavanones Embodying Chromene Moieties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030544. [PMID: 32012737 PMCID: PMC7037824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel flavanones that incorporate chromene motifs are synthesized via a one-step multicomponent reaction. The structures of the new chromenes are elucidated by using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and elemental analysis. The new compounds are screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The antimicrobial properties are investigated and established against seven human pathogens, employing the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations. A majority of the assessed derivatives are found to exhibit significant antimicrobial activities against most bacterial strains, in comparison to standard reference drugs. Moreover, their cytotoxicity is appraised against four different human carcinoma cell lines: human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell (A-549). All the desired compounds are subjected to in-silico studies, forecasting their drug likeness, bioactivity, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties prior to their synthetic assembly. The in-silico molecular docking evaluation of all the targeted derivatives is undertaken on gyrase B and the cyclin-dependent kinase. The in-silico predicted outcomes were endorsed by the in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Assirey
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madinah 30002, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.); (A.N.); (R.M.O.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Azhaar Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madinah 30002, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.); (A.N.); (R.M.O.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Arshi Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madinah 30002, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.); (A.N.); (R.M.O.)
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Rawda M. Okasha
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madinah 30002, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.); (A.N.); (R.M.O.)
| | - Tarek H. Afifi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madinah 30002, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (A.A.); (A.N.); (R.M.O.)
| | - Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-566-0400
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72
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Phuong NNM, Le TT, Van Camp J, Raes K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extracts. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 321:108539. [PMID: 32062528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial safety in food products is not always adequately controlled. Chemical antimicrobials which are recognized as hazards to human health are gradually replaced by natural antimicrobial compounds. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria by the methanolic extract from rambutan fruit peels was evaluated using both in vitro (medium) and in situ (food matrices i.e. raw chicken breast and pangasius fillet fish) methods. Methanolic rambutan peel extract (lyophilized to powder with total phenolic content of 310 ± 14.5 mg GAE/g) with geraniin, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin, and corilagin as main phenolic compounds was a potent inhibitor towards E. coli, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, St. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and C. albicans using in vitro tests. In in situ tests, the extract inhibited S. enteritidis in raw chicken breast during 14 days of cold storage at 4 °C. Even though food matrices partly protected bacteria, the extract showed a 1.5 log CFU/g reduction of V. parahaemolyticus in fish during 10 days of cold storage. These results provide useful information on the utilization of rambutan fruit peel as natural antimicrobial agent in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Minh Phuong
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Nong Lam University, Block 6, Ward Linh Trung, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ward An Khanh, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Thien Trung Le
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Nong Lam University, Block 6, Ward Linh Trung, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Al Aboody MS, Mickymaray S. Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E45. [PMID: 31991883 PMCID: PMC7168129 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections is growing at an alarming pace and the pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Recurrence of these fungal diseases is often due to their evolutionary avoidance of antifungal resistance. The development of suitable novel antimicrobial agents for fungal diseases continues to be a major problem in the current clinical field. Hence, it is urgently necessary to develop surrogate agents that are more effective than conventional available drugs. Among the remarkable innovations from earlier investigations on natural-drugs, flavonoids are a group of plant-derived substances capable of promoting many valuable effects on humans. The identification of flavonoids with possible antifungal effects at small concentrations or in synergistic combinations could help to overcome this problem. A combination of flavonoids with available drugs is an excellent approach to reduce the side effects and toxicity. This review focuses on various naturally occurring flavonoids and their antifungal activities, modes of action, and synergetic use in combination with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Riyadh Region, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
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74
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Pal RS, Pal Y, Wal A, Wal P. Herbal Dentifrices: Emerging Trends and Patterns. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190626145755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Herbal extracts have been employed since ages in dentistry as tooth
cleansing and antimicrobial agents. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand and
trend rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for multiple uses
as reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine
and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials and analgesics. They also aid in healing
process and are very effective in controlling microbial plaque and other disorders related to
gums.
Objective:
The present review aims towards the combined review as well as compilation of
available herbs under the category of various dental associated problems.
Materials and Methods:
The herbs were studied by sectioning them as for looking after different
works or findings done against dental caries, tooth ache, scouring teeth, gum troubles
and herbs as mouth fresheners.
Results:
Herbal extracts have been used on a large scale in dentistry as tooth cleansing and
antimicrobial plaque agents. Many people take herbal derived medicines or herbal based
products for the purpose of reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial agents, for preventing
release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals
and analgesics. Herbal extracts are used in dentistry for treatment of various dental disorders.
Conclusion:
The use of herbal medicines are blooming rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts
and the various herbs on the whole or their specific parts have been used in dentistry.
They relieve the problems of gums and act as excellent mouth fresheners. The natural herbal
remedies act as an effective substitute to antibiotics and represent a promising approach for
prevention and as therapeutic strategies for various oral infections as they are natural, eradicate
the problem from its root and provide long lasting relief. The herbal remedies are advantageous
over conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saxena Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PSTI), Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Yogendra Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PSTI), Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PSTI), Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PSTI), Kanpur-209305, India
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75
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Purba RAP, Yuangklang C, Paengkoum S, Paengkoum P. Milk fatty acid composition, rumen microbial population and animal performance in response to diets rich in linoleic acid supplemented with Piper betle leaves in Saanen goats. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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76
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Directly grown of 3D-nickel oxide nano flowers on TiO2 nanowire arrays by hydrothermal route for electrochemical determination of naringenin flavonoid in vegetable samples. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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77
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Fratianni F, Cozzolino A, De Feo V, Coppola R, Ombra MN, Nazzaro F. Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Peel and Pulp of Citrus medica L., Citrus bergamia, and Citrus medica cv. Salò Cultivated in Southern Italy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244577. [PMID: 31847295 PMCID: PMC6943604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the polyphenols of peel and pulp of three Citrus taxa—Citrus medica, Citrus bergamia, and Citrus medica cv. Salò—cultivated in the Cosenza province, Southern Italy, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, performed against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on bacterial capacity to form biofilm, and on the metabolic activity of the cells present therein. The results indicated that such extracts could find new potential applications in the field of natural antioxidant and anti-bacterial agents in pharmaceutics, agriculture, and food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Autilia Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c., 83100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (F.N.); Tel.: +39-08-996-9751(V.D.F.); +39-08-2529-9102 (F.N.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c., 83100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Neve Ombra
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (F.N.); Tel.: +39-08-996-9751(V.D.F.); +39-08-2529-9102 (F.N.)
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78
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Ayoola-Oresanya IO, Sonibare MA, Gueye B, Paliwal R, Abberton MT, Morlock GE. Effect-directed profiling and identification of bioactive metabolites from field, in vitro-grown and acclimatized Musa spp. accessions using high-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1616:460774. [PMID: 31937408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are used as nutritious foods, and at the same time, are a source of phytoconstituents for the pharmaceutical industry. As biological activities of especially the pulp and peel of Musa spp. have been documented, this study investigated the variation in the secondary metabolite profiles of the leaves from field, in vitro-grown and acclimatized accessions. The genetic fidelity of the diverse accessions was assessed using diversity array technology sequencing. It showed that the in vitro-grown accessions were true-to-type with the field samples. The antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the samples from different culture systems (field and in vitro) were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry and compared to high-performance thin-layer chromatography-effect-directed analysis (HPTLC-EDA). The latter was applied for the first time for effect-directed profiling of the polar and medium polar sample components via different biochemical and biological assays. Compound zones showed acetyl-/butylrylcholinesterase inhibition (zones 1-4), α-/β-glucosidase inhibition (zones 1 and 2) as well as antioxidative (zones 1-3) and antimicrobial (zone 4) activities. Structures were preliminary assigned by HPTLC-HRMS. The HPTLC was effective for bioactivity-guided characterization of the bioactive constituents in Musa spp. accessions. Accumulation of useful metabolites, especially compounds with antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties, was higher in samples from in vitro system. This validated the use of plant tissue culturing as an alternative method for large scale production of plant material and supply of bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun O Ayoola-Oresanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Genetic Resources Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mubo A Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Badara Gueye
- Genetic Resources Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rajneesh Paliwal
- Genetic Resources Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael T Abberton
- Genetic Resources Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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79
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Baldin VP, Bertin de Lima Scodro R, Mariano Fernandez CM, Ieque AL, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Dias Siqueira VL, de Almeida AL, Gonçalves JE, Garcia Cortez DA, Cardoso RF. Ginger essential oil and fractions against Mycobacterium spp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112095. [PMID: 31325601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial. AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine the composition and the property of GEO and related fractions against Mtb and NTM, as well as their cytotoxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionation was performed. Chemical characterization of GEO and fractions were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and broth microdilution method for Mtb and NTM, respectively. The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to >250 μg/mL against Mtb and from 15.6 to >250 μg/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing γ-eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC50 63.3 μg/mL, and 36.3-312.5 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In general, GEO showed a mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and a better antimycobacterial activity than the semi-pure fractions. Cytotoxic effects of GEO and its fractions should be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Andressa Lorena Ieque
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aryadne Larissa de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Instituto Cesumar de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação - ICETI, Av. Guedner, 1610, 87050-390, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Aparício Garcia Cortez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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80
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Alexa VT, Galuscan A, Popescu I, Tirziu E, Obistioiu D, Floare AD, Perdiou A, Jumanca D. Synergistic/Antagonistic Potential of Natural Preparations Based on Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans from the Oral Cavity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224043. [PMID: 31703466 PMCID: PMC6891698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper addresses a thematic of interest in preventive dental medicine, namely the possibility of using essential oils (EOs) for the inhibition of the development of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the oral cavity, as a viable alternative to chemical products with protective role in oral health. For this purpose, four EOs (cinnamon, clove, bergamote, and orange) were chemically characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and in vitro tested against S. mutans (ATCC 25175). The results obtained revealed the antibacterial effect on S. mutans exercised by the essential oils of clove (CLEO), bergamote (BEO), and orange (OEO), which were included in the production of natural emulsion-type preparations with application in dental medicine. In order to highlight the synersistic/antagonistic effects generated by the chemical constituent of essential oils, binary and tertiary emulsions were prepared and used in saliva-enhanced medium against S.mutans. The saliva tests proved the synergistic effect exercised by the active components of EOs tested from tertiary emulsions, which cause an inhibition of the development of S. mutans in oral cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (V.T.A.); (A.D.F.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (V.T.A.); (A.D.F.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-748677191
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Emil Tirziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (E.T.); (D.O.)
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (E.T.); (D.O.)
| | - Alin Daniel Floare
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (V.T.A.); (A.D.F.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Antonis Perdiou
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (V.T.A.); (A.D.F.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (V.T.A.); (A.D.F.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
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81
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Velásquez P, Montenegro G, Giordano A, Retamal M, Valenzuela LM. Bioactivities of phenolic blend extracts from Chilean honey and bee pollen. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1646808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Velásquez
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - G. Montenegro
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Plant Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - A. Giordano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - M. Retamal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - L. M. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile
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82
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Smiljković M, Kostić M, Stojković D, Glamočlija J, Soković M. Could Flavonoids Compete with Synthetic Azoles in Diminishing Candida albicans Infections? A Comparative Review Based on In Vitro Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2536-2554. [PMID: 29956609 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180629133218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with already confirmed various health benefits. This review will shed light on flavonoids as potential antifungals in Candida albicans infections. C. albicans is an opportunistic pathogen able to cause serious health issues due to numerous virulence factors amplifying its pathogenicity. One of the most important virulence factors is Candida ability to form biofilms which are highly resistant to the treatment of antifungal drugs; making diminishing of this pathogen even more challenging. This review will focus on current knowledge on individual flavonoid compounds having the potential to deal with C. albicans in vitro, with special turn on antibiofilm potential and insight into the mode of action, where available. Majority of the commercial drugs for the treatment of candidiasis belong to azole class, so the activity of flavonoids will be compared with the activity of newly synthetized azole compounds, as well as with azole drugs that are already on the market as official therapeutics. This literature review will provide pros and cons for pushing future research towards exploring novel synthetic azoles or further examination of a wide pallet of natural flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smiljković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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83
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Rached W, Barros L, Ziani BEC, Bennaceur M, Calhelha RC, Heleno SA, Alves MJ, Marouf A, Ferreira ICFR. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS screening of phytochemical compounds and the bioactive properties of different plant parts of Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf. Food Funct 2019; 10:5898-5909. [PMID: 31465056 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01423c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) has been widely used as a homemade ingredient to treat numerous diseases in Algerian folk medicine. In this context, decoction, infusion and hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from the branches, leaves, roots, and stem barks. The extracts were characterized regarding their phytochemical composition by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and were assessed for in vitro bioactivity (cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antibacterial activity). A total of 29 compounds (flavonoid derivatives and secoiridoids) were identified in Z. lotus, 15 being detected in leaves, 10 in branches, 5 in roots and 7 in stem barks. The highest contents of these compounds, especially secoiridoids, were detected in branches followed by leaves, oleuropein being the main compound detected in leaves and oleoside in branches. The aqueous preparations of the leaves and root barks revealed the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential. On the other hand, as for the antibacterial activity, the hydroethanolic extract of the branches showed the highest potential, especially against the MSSA strain. Hence, the chemical diversity found in Z. lotus makes it a source of bioactive ingredients that can be applied in the formulations of different ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahiba Rached
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal. and Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227 Mostaganem 27000, Algeria and Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Oran1, Ahmed Ben Bella, 1524, EL M Naouer 31000 Oran, Algeria and Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas (LRZA), Faculty of Biological Sciences, 32, El Alia Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Borhane E C Ziani
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal. and Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, Tipaza, 42000, Algeria
| | - Malika Bennaceur
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Oran1, Ahmed Ben Bella, 1524, EL M Naouer 31000 Oran, Algeria and Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas (LRZA), Faculty of Biological Sciences, 32, El Alia Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Abderrazak Marouf
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology, Center University Salhi Ahmed, BP 66, 45000 Naama, Algeria
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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84
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Osonga F, Akgul A, Miller RM, Eshun GB, Yazgan I, Akgul A, Sadik OA. Antimicrobial Activity of a New Class of Phosphorylated and Modified Flavonoids. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12865-12871. [PMID: 31460413 PMCID: PMC6681995 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The surge of resistant food pathogens is a major threat worldwide. Previous research conducted on phytochemicals has shown their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The design of antimicrobial agents to curb pathogenic disease remains a challenge demanding critical attention. Flavonoids such as apigenin and quercetin were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results indicated that the antibacterial activity of each flavonoid occurred at a different minimum inhibitory concentration. However, the antimicrobial activity results of the modified flavonoids were also reported, and it was observed that the Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible in comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall structure of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria could be the main reason for the bacteria susceptibility. Modified flavonoids could be used as a suitable alternative antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infectious diseases. Our results indicated 100% inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila with modified flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis
J. Osonga
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Research
in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability
(CREATES), State University of New York
at Binghamton, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Ali Akgul
- Department of Basic
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Sustainable
Bioproducts, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Roland M. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Research
in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability
(CREATES), State University of New York
at Binghamton, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Gaddi B. Eshun
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Research
in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability
(CREATES), State University of New York
at Binghamton, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Idris Yazgan
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Research
in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability
(CREATES), State University of New York
at Binghamton, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Ayfer Akgul
- Department of Basic
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Sustainable
Bioproducts, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Omowunmi A. Sadik
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Research
in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability
(CREATES), State University of New York
at Binghamton, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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85
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Song D, Cheng L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zheng X. The modulatory effect and the mechanism of flavonoids on obesity. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12954. [PMID: 31368555 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, obesity has become a serious health problem all over the word. Currently, the methods and drugs for obesity treatment have some limitations and side effects. Flavonoids are active constituents with various biological activities, widely found in plants, and numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can inhibit obesity and related metabolism disorders effectively. This perspective reviews the recent progress in understanding the anti-obesity effects of flavonoids through modulating food intake, enzyme activities, nutrition absorption, adipogenesis and adipocyte lifecycle, thermogenesis, energy consumption, and intestinal microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural bioactive substance flavonoids have anti-obesity property, which may play a role in anti-obesity drugs or functional food without any side effects. Flavonoids can inhibit weight gain directly or through their biologically active metabolites by various potential pathways. A better understanding of the modulatory effect and the mechanism of flavonoids on obesity will allow us to better utilize flavonoids in plants to treat obesity and related metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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86
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de Nova PJG, Carvajal A, Prieto M, Rubio P. In vitro Susceptibility and Evaluation of Techniques for Understanding the Mode of Action of a Promising Non-antibiotic Citrus Fruit Extract Against Several Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31105673 PMCID: PMC6491944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening for alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need for the pharmaceutical industry. One of these alternatives seems to be the citrus fruit extracts, which are showing a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One of these citrus extracts, named BIOCITRO®, is assessed in this study to elucidate its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect and its mode of action on the important pathogens Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus. For most of the strains tested of these bacteria the product was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic at the same concentration, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 16 to 256 μg/mL. Regarding the mode of action, important changes in the permeability, structure, composition and morphology of the bacterial envelope were evidenced using flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main effect of the product was found over carbohydrates and polysaccharides, inducing the release of microvesicles by the cells in addition to other specific effects. During the study, the techniques used were evaluated to clarify their contribution to the knowledge of the mode of action of the product. The survival test elucidated whether the modifications displayed using other techniques affected the viability of the cells or on the contrary, the cells remained viable even with evident changes in their structure, composition or morphology. Flow cytometry showed that for some strains the proportion of cells detected with altered membrane permeability were higher than the number of non-viable cells, and therefore the damage did not affect the viability of some cells. On the contrary, some cells observed using scanning electron microscopy with no apparent damage, were demonstrated non-viable using the survival test, making this technique indispensable in studies of the mode of action of antimicrobials to make a correct interpretation of the data from other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. G. de Nova
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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87
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Perna S, Spadaccini D, Botteri L, Girometta C, Riva A, Allegrini P, Petrangolini G, Infantino V, Rondanelli M. Efficacy of bergamot: From anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms to clinical applications as preventive agent for cardiovascular morbidity, skin diseases, and mood alterations. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:369-384. [PMID: 30847114 PMCID: PMC6392855 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the effects of bergamot (extract, juice, essential oil, and polyphenolic fraction) on cardiovascular, bone, inflammatory, skin diseases, mood alteration, anxiety, pain, and stress. This review included a total of 31 studies (20 studies on humans with 1709 subjects and 11 in animals (rats and mice)). In humans, bergamot-derived extract (BE) exerts positive effects on hyperlipidemia with an oral dose from 150 mg to 1000 mg/day of flavonoids administered from 30 to 180 days, demonstrating an effect on body weight and in modulating total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL. Studies in animals confirm promising data on glucose control (500/1000 mg/day of BE with a treatment lasting 30 days) are available in rats. In animals models, bergamot essential oil (BEO, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg daily for 20 weeks) increases bone volume, decreases psoriatic plaques, increases skin collagen content, and promotes hair growth. Bergamot juice (20 mg/kg) is promising in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine reduction. In humans, aromatherapy (from 15 to 30 min) does not appear to be useful in order to reduce stress, anxiety, and nausea, compared to placebo. Compared to baseline, BE topical application and BEO aromatherapy reduce blood diastolic and systolic pressure and could have a significant effect on improving mental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Department of BiologyCollege of ScienceUniversity of BahrainZallaqBahrain
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineSection of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition UnitAzienda di Servizi alla PersonaUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Leonardo Botteri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineSection of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition UnitAzienda di Servizi alla PersonaUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Carolina Girometta
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesMycology and Plant Pathology LaboratoryPaviaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineSection of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition UnitAzienda di Servizi alla PersonaUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human OncologyUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineSection of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition UnitAzienda di Servizi alla PersonaUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
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88
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Antimicrobial activity of grape, apple and pitahaya residue extracts after carbohydrase treatment against food-related bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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89
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Selim Y, El-Sharkawy E, Abd El-Azim MHM. New cytotoxic flavonoids from aerial parts of Platycladus orientalis L. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1763-1771. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1530234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Selim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Sharkawy
- Department of Eco-Physiology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemical Department, Faculty of Science, Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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90
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Kokina M, Salević A, Kalušević A, Lević S, Pantić M, Pljevljakušić D, Šavikin K, Shamtsyan M, Nikšić M, Nedović V. Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Encapsulation into Biodegradable Material Followed by Freeze Drying. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:282-289. [PMID: 31537977 PMCID: PMC6718957 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.5957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of commonly used and commercially available essential oils as an alternative to synthetic preservatives. The plant sources were as follows: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). The antioxidant activity of essential oils was tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. The microdilution broth susceptibility assay revealed that lavender and bergamot essential oils were more efficient in inhibiting the bacterial growth than other tested oils, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 μg/mL. This study also reports the successful implementation of an electrostatic extrusion technique for encapsulating essential oils into alginate beads, which enables the essential oils to maintain their free radical scavenging ability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Kokina
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Salević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Kalušević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Pantić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pljevljakušić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mark Shamtsyan
- Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Department of Technology of Microbiological Synthesis, Moskovsky Prospect 26, 190013 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Miomir Nikšić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktor Nedović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Quirino A, Morelli P, Capua G, Arena G, Matera G, Liberto MC, Focà A. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of Citrus bergamia distilled extract and its major components on drug resistant clinical isolates. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1626-1629. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1522631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Quirino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Morelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo Focà
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
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92
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Maherani B, Harich M, Salmieri S, Lacroix M. Antibacterial properties of combined non-thermal treatments based on bioactive edible coating, ozonation, and gamma irradiation on ready-to-eat frozen green peppers: evaluation of their freshness and sensory qualities. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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93
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Pernin A, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Roux S, Masson M, Bosc V, Maillard MN. Phenolic compounds can delay the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the growth of Listeria monocytogenes: structure-activity relationships. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5401-5408. [PMID: 29675999 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic compounds present a potential solution to ensure food quality and safety. Indeed, they can limit oxidation reactions and bacterial growth in food products. Although their antioxidant mechanisms of action are well known, their antibacterial ones are less well understood, especially in light of their chemical structures. The aim of this study was first to quantify both aspects of a series of natural phenolic compounds and then link these activities to their chemical structure. RESULTS We evaluated antioxidant activity by measuring the capacity of phenolic compounds to delay free linoleic acid oxidation caused by the action of a hydrophilic azo-radical initiator (AAPH). We evaluated antibacterial activity by measuring the growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and determining the non-inhibitory and minimum inhibitory concentrations for each compound. Compounds with ortho-diphenolic structures were the best antioxidants, whereas those belonging to the simple phenol category were the best antibacterial compounds. CONCLUSION The physico-chemical properties of the compounds influenced both activities but not in the same way. The chemical environment of the phenolic group and the presence of delocalization structures are the most important parameters for antioxidant activity, whereas the partition coefficient, logP, is one of the most important factors involved in antibacterial activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Pernin
- Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Roux
- Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
| | - Marine Masson
- Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
| | - Véronique Bosc
- Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Maillard
- Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
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94
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La Camera E, Bisignano C, Crisafi G, Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Mandalari G. Biochemical Characterization of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Their Sensitivity to Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.). Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7040082. [PMID: 30360375 PMCID: PMC6313331 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized a number of clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. and investigated their sensitivity against polyphenols-rich extracts from natural raw and roasted pistachios (NPRE and RPRE, respectively). Out of 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., 23 were coagulase-positive and identified as S. aureus, of which 21 were MRSA. Polyphenols-rich extracts from natural pistachios and roasted pistachios were prepared: the total phenols content, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), was higher in natural pistachios (359.04 ± 8.124 mg) than roasted pistachios (225.18 ± 5.055 mg). The higher total phenols content in natural pistachios also correlated to the higher free-radical scavenging activity found by DPPH assay: NPRE and RPRE showed IC50 values of 0.85 (C.L. 0.725⁻0.976 mg mL-1) and 1.15 (C.L. 0.920⁻1.275 mg mL-1), respectively. Both NPRE and RPRE were active against S. aureus 6538P and Staph. spp. clinical isolates, with RPRE being the most active (MIC values ranging between 31.25 and 2000 μg mL-1). The antimicrobial potential of pistachios could be used to identify novel treatments for S. aureus skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Crisafi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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95
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He P, Yan S, Zheng J, Gao Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Liu X, Xiao C. Eriodictyol Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation, Amyloidogenesis, and Cognitive Impairments via the Inhibition of NF-κB in Male C57BL/6J Mice and BV2 Microglial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10205-10214. [PMID: 30208700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eriodictyol, a natural flavonoid mainly distributed in citrus fruits and peanut, has been well-documented with possession of excellent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer bioactivities. This work focus on the protective effects of eriodictyol on LPS-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, cognitive impairment, and the potential mechanisms involved. Behavioral tests and histological examinations showed that eriodictyol significantly prevented the memory and neuronal damage triggered by LPS. Consistently, eriodictyol (100 mg/kg) reduced the formation of Aβ1-42 by 28.37 ± 16.71 pg/mL compared to the LPS group. In addition, high dose eriodictyol (100 mg/kg) also equilibrated the cholinergic system via suppressing AChE activity (0.1996 ± 0.0831 U/mgprot) and elevating ChAT activity (41.81 ± 24.72 U/g) as well as ACh level (5.093 ± 3.531 μg/mgprot) compared to the LPS group. Western blot results indicated that compared to the LPS group, eriodictyol suppressed LPS-induced glial overactivation (84.29% ± 27.21%) and regulated inflammatory mediators and cytokines by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These results indicated that eriodictyol alleviated amyloidogenesis and memory impairment triggered by LPS via inhibiting TLR4, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt, and activating Sirt1 pathways and thus blocking downstream translocation of NF-κB, which offers a potential nutritional preventive strategy for neuroinflammation diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi He
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Shikai Yan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
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96
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Tagousop CN, Tamokou JDD, Ekom SE, Ngnokam D, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L. Antimicrobial activities of flavonoid glycosides from Graptophyllum grandulosum and their mechanism of antibacterial action. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:252. [PMID: 30219066 PMCID: PMC6139119 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for new antimicrobials should take into account drug resistance phenomenon. Medicinal plants are known as sources of potent antimicrobial compounds including flavonoids. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of flavonoid glycosides from Graptophyllum grandulosum, as well as to determine their mechanism of antibacterial action using lysis, leakage and osmotic stress assays. METHODS The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in organic solvents. Column chromatography of the n-butanol extract followed by purification of different fractions led to the isolation of five flavonoid glycosides. The antimicrobial activities of extracts/compounds were evaluated using the broth microdilution method. The bacteriolytic activity was evaluated using the time-kill kinetic method. The effect of extracts on the red blood cells and bacterial cell membrane was determined by spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS Chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-xyloside (1), luteolin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranoside (2), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranoside (3), chrysoeriol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-(4"-hydrogeno sulfate) glucopyranoside (4) and isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated from G. grandulosum and showed different degrees of antimicrobial activities. Their antibacterial activities against multi-drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains were in some cases equal to, or higher than those of ciprofloxacin used as reference antibiotic. The antibacterial activities of flavonoid glycosides and chloramphenicol increased under osmotic stress (5% NaCl) whereas that of vancomycin decreased under this condition. V. cholerae suspension treated with flavonoid glycosides, showed a significant increase in the optical density at 260 nm, suggesting that nucleic acids were lost through a damaged cytoplasmic membrane. A decrease in the optical density of V. cholerae NB2 suspension treated with the isolated compounds was observed, indicating the lysis of bacterial cells. The tested samples were non-toxic to normal cells highlighting their good selectivity index. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the purified flavonoids from G. glandulosum possess antimicrobial activities. Their mode of antibacterial activity is due to cell lysis and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane upon membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Ngoufack Tagousop
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Steve Endeguele Ekom
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - David Ngnokam
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Bat. 18 BP.1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
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97
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Rosato A, Carocci A, Catalano A, Clodoveo ML, Franchini C, Corbo F, Carbonara GG, Carrieri A, Fracchiolla G. Elucidation of the synergistic action of Mentha Piperita essential oil with common antimicrobials. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200902. [PMID: 30067803 PMCID: PMC6070247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha piperita L. essential oil (EO) is employed for external use as antipruritic, astringent, rubefacient and antiseptic. Several studies demonstrated its significant antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties. The aim of this work is the study of the synergistic effects of M. piperita EO with antibacterials and antifungals that are widely available and currently prescribed in therapies against infections. The observed strong synergy may constitute a potential new approach to counter the increasing phenomenon of multidrug resistant bacteria and fungi. In vitro efficacy of the association M. piperita EO/drugs was evaluated against a large panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast strains. The antimicrobial effects were studied by checkerboard microdilution method. The synergistic effect of M. piperita EO with gentamicin resulted in a strong growth inhibition for all the bacterial species under study. The synergistic effect observed for M. piperita EO and antifungals was less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Carrieri
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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98
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Ng KR, Lyu X, Mark R, Chen WN. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of phenolic metabolites from flavonoid-producing yeast: Potential as natural food preservatives. Food Chem 2018; 270:123-129. [PMID: 30174025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of phenolic metabolites secreted from a naringenin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (a GRAS organism), against the pure flavonoid naringenin and its prenylated derivatives, to assess their potential as natural food preservatives. Agar disc diffusion assay was used to analyse the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, while DMPD chemiluminescence assay was used to analyse antioxidant activity, based on DMPD+-scavenging activity. Our results showed that the engineered yeast metabolites exhibited both strong antimicrobial and DMPD+-scavenging activity, particularly the metabolite phenylacetaldehyde. Pure naringenin had poor antimicrobial and DMPD+-scavenging effects. Prenylated varieties, 6-prenylnaringenin and 8-prenylnaringenin, inhibited only S. aureus, while only 8-prenylnaringenin exhibited moderate DMPD+-scavenging activity. Our results suggested that phenolic metabolites secreted from naringenin-producing yeast would be a sustainable source of natural food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Rei Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Rita Mark
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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99
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Rajan VK, Shameera Ahamed TK, Muraleedharan K. Studies on the UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity of the bitter masking flavanone Eriodictyol. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:254-261. [PMID: 29981487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A computational analysis of UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity of a flavanone, Eriodictyol has been performed under DFT-B3LYP/6-31+ G (d, p). Eriodictyol is nontoxic and nonirritant bitter masker commonly used in the wine industry. It has been reported that the flavanones were widely acceptable for photoprotection due to its potential UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity. This study provides theoretical evidence that the eriodictyol has an absorbance in the UV-A and UV-B region of the electromagnetic spectrum and therefore can be used as a potential UV filter in sunscreen lotions and other cosmetic products. The major transitions in the UV-Visible spectrum of Eriodictyol are between HOMO and HOMO-1 with LUMO level and are well explained by NBO-NLMO tool in G09 software. In addition to this, Eriodictyol is a potent antioxidant than that of the most commonly studied Quercetin. The most active site in the compound is 3' position and is confirmed by NPA, NBO and pKa value analysis. The lowest energy conformer of Eriodictyol contains a Hydrogen bond between carbonyl oxygen (O2) and H30. This is confirmed by the highest value of interaction energy between lone pairs of O2 and σ* of O3- H30. Both the two lone pairs of O2 interacts with the σ* of O3-H30. This decreases the bond order of 5 OH and at the same time it restricts the hydrogen transfer from this position to form a radical. Similarly, the lone pair of O5 (3' position) interacts with H33 resulting in the low bond order value and consequently less favorable for radical formation. These results indicate that the BDE values follow the order 3' < 4' < 7 < 5. Thus the title compound can be used for photo protection due to its potential UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijisha K Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | | | - K Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India.
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100
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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Screening of Semi-Synthetic Naringin Based Hydrazone and Oxime Derivatives. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.65496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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