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Bakunina I, Chadova O, Malyarenko O, Ermakova S. The Effect of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescence on the Activity of α- N-Acetylgalactosaminidase of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E155. [PMID: 29748462 PMCID: PMC5983286 DOI: 10.3390/md16050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) (alpha-NaGalase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactoside residues from non-reducing ends of various complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. It is known that human cancer cells express an alpha-NaGalase, which accumulates in the blood plasma of patients. The enzyme deglycosylates the Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) and inhibits macrophage activity acting as an immunosuppressor. The high specific activity 0.033 ± 0.002 μmol mg−1 min−1 of the enzyme was found in human colon carcinoma cells DLD-1. The alpha-NaGalase of DLD-1 cells was isolated and biochemical characterized. The enzyme exhibits maximum activity at pH 5.2 and temperature 55 °C. The Km is 2.15 mM, Vmax⁻0.021 μmol min−1 mL−1, kcat⁻1.55 min−1 and kcat/Km⁻0.72 min−1 mM−1 at 37 °C, pH 5.2. The effects of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescence on the activity of alpha-NaGalase in human colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells and on the biosynthesis of this enzyme were investigated. It was shown that fucoidan did not inhibit free alpha-NaGalase, however, it reduced the expression of the enzyme in the DLD-1 cells at IC50 73 ± 4 μg mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakunina
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Oksana Chadova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
| | - Olesya Malyarenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Ermakova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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52
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Westhoff CM, Storry JR, Shaz BH. Human Blood Group Antigens and Antibodies. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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53
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Breimer ME, Säljö K, Barone A, Teneberg S. Glycosphingolipids of human embryonic stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:713-723. [PMID: 27325407 PMCID: PMC5711972 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of human stem cell technology offers theoretically a great potential to treat various human diseases. However, to achieve this goal a large number of scientific issues remain to be solved. Cell surface carbohydrate antigens are involved in a number of biomedical phenomena that are important in clinical applications of stem cells, such as cell differentiation and immune reactivity. Due to their cell surface localization, carbohydrate epitopes are ideally suited for characterization of human pluripotent stem cells. Amongst the most commonly used markers to identify human pluripotent stem cells are the globo-series glycosphingolipids SSEA-3 and SSEA-4. However, our knowledge regarding human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipid expression was until recently mainly based on immunological assays of intact cells due to the very limited amounts of cell material available. In recent years the knowledge regarding glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells has been extended by biochemical studies, which is the focus of this review. In addition, the distribution of the human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipids in human tissues, and glycosphingolipid changes during human stem cell differentiation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angela Barone
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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54
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HLA and Histo-Blood Group Antigen Expression in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and their Derivatives. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13072. [PMID: 29026098 PMCID: PMC5638960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One prerequisite for a successful clinical outcome of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) based therapies is immune compatibility between grafted cells/tissue and recipient. This study explores immune determinants of human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC) and induced human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines and hepatocyte- and cardiomyocyte-like cells derived from these cells. HLA class I was expressed on all pluripotent hPSC lines which upon differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells was considerably reduced in contrast to cardiomyocyte-like cells which retained class I antigens. No HLA class II antigens were found in the pluripotent or differentiated cells. Histo-blood group carbohydrate antigens SSEA-3/SSEA-4/SSEA-5, Globo H, A, Lex/Ley and sialyl-lactotetra were expressed on all hPSC lines. Blood group AB(O)H antigen expression was in accordance with ABO genotype. Interestingly, only a subpopulation of A1O1 cells expressed A. During differentiation of hPSC, some histo-blood group antigens showed congruent alteration patterns while expression of other antigens differed between the cell lines. No systematic difference in the hPSC cell surface tissue antigen expression was detected. In conclusion, hPSC and their derivatives express cell surface antigens that may cause an immune rejection. Furthermore, tissue antigen expression must be established for each individual stem cell line prior to clinical application.
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55
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Mandato VD, Torricelli F, Mastrofilippo V, Ciarlini G, Pirillo D, Farnetti E, Fornaciari L, Casali B, Gelli MC, Abrate M, Aguzzoli L, La Sala GB, Nicoli D. Prognostic Impact of ABO Blood Group on Type I Endometrial Cancer Patients- Results from Our Own and Other Studies. J Cancer 2017; 8:2828-2835. [PMID: 28928872 PMCID: PMC5604215 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The ABO blood group antigens were found on most epithelial cells and in secretions. In the normal endometrium there is a variable expression of histo-blood group and related antigens suggesting a hormonal regulation. A relationship between ABO blood groups and endometrial cancer has been investigated with contradictory results. In this study we investigated the influence of blood types on clinical and pathological characteristics of endometrial cancer patients. Method: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical and pathological data were extrapolated and their association with blood groups were assessed. Results: A total of 203 type I endometrial cancer patients were included in the final analysis. Univariate analysis indicated that a lower frequency of G3 undifferentiated tumors was observed in patients with A blood group (P=0.027). Multivariate analysis, including also clinical features such as Age, BMI, parity, hypertension and diabetes confirmed that patients with A group present a lower risk of G3 tumors in comparison with not A patients. (OR=0.32, P=0.011). Conclusions: Patients with A genotype have a lower risk to develop G3 type I endometrial cancer. ABO blood group might represent a useful, easy access and cheap biomarker for patients' selection and for management personalization of endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dario Mandato
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrofilippo
- Unit of Surgical Gynecol Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gino Ciarlini
- Unit of Surgical Gynecol Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Debora Pirillo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Loretta Fornaciari
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Bruno Casali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Gelli
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martino Abrate
- Unit of Surgical Gynecol Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Aguzzoli
- Unit of Surgical Gynecol Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
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56
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Hult AK, Dykes JH, Storry JR, Olsson ML. A and B antigen levels acquired by group O donor-derived erythrocytes following ABO-non-identical transfusion or minor ABO-incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transfus Med 2017; 27:181-191. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Hult
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. H. Dykes
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. R. Storry
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. L. Olsson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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57
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Liao YJ, Lee YH, Chang FL, Ho H, Huang CH, Twu YC. The SHP2-ERK2 signaling pathway regulates branched I antigen formation by controlling the binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α to the IGnTC promoter region during erythroid differentiation. Transfusion 2016; 56:2691-2702. [PMID: 27600951 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylation status of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) has been demonstrated in a human hematopoietic cell model to regulate the formation of branched I antigen by affecting its binding affinity to the promoter region of the IGnTC gene during erythroid and granulocytic differentiation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The K-562 cell line was induced to differentiate into red blood cells (RBCs) or granulocytes by sodium butyrate or retinoic acid, respectively, to study the involvement of three MAP kinase pathways in I antigen synthesis. The regulatory effects of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2-Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) pathway on phosphorylation status and binding affinities of C/EBPα as well as the subsequent activation of IGnTC and synthesis of surface I formation were studied in wild-type K-562 cells and in mutant cells that overexpress ERK2 and SHP2. RESULTS We found that SHP2-ERK2 signaling regulates the phosphorylation status of C/EBPα to alter its binding affinity onto the IGnTC promoter region, thereby activating the synthesis of cell surface I antigen formation during erythropoiesis. CONCLUSION SHP2-ERK2 signaling acts upstream of C/EBPα as a regulator of cell surface I antigen synthesis. Such regulation is specific for RBC but not for granulocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University
| | - Yen-Hua Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ling Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Han Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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58
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Structural diversity and biological importance of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 38:331-340. [PMID: 27863762 PMCID: PMC5119663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO, H, secretor and Lewis histo-blood system genes control the expression of part of the carbohydrate repertoire present in areas of the body occupied by microorganisms. These carbohydrates, besides having great structural diversity, act as potential receptors for pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms influencing susceptibility and resistance to infection and illness. Despite the knowledge of some structural variability of these carbohydrate antigens and their polymorphic levels of expression in tissue and exocrine secretions, little is known about their biological importance and potential applications in medicine. This review highlights the structural diversity, the biological importance and potential applications of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood carbohydrates.
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59
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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60
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Antibody-Mediated Rejection in a Blood Group A-Transgenic Mouse Model of ABO-Incompatible Heart Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100:1228-37. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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61
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Carmona-Vicente N, Allen DJ, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Iturriza-Gómara M, Buesa J. Antibodies against Lewis antigens inhibit the binding of human norovirus GII.4 virus-like particles to saliva but not to intestinal Caco-2 cells. Virol J 2016; 13:82. [PMID: 27206610 PMCID: PMC4875664 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the main cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. The most commonly detected NoV strains belong to the genetically diverse GII.4 genotype, with new pandemic variants emerging periodically. Despite extensive efforts, NoV investigation has been hampered by the lack of an effective in vitro cell culture system. However, NoV-derived recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) resembling empty capsids are good surrogates for analysing NoV antigenicity and virus-ligand interactions. NoV VLPs have been reported to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). We have analysed the ability of NoV VLPs derived from GI.1 genotype and from three GII.4 genotype variants, GII.4-1999, GII.4-2004 and GII.4-2006b, to bind to porcine gastric mucin (PGM), human saliva and differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells (D-Caco-2 cells). Results Distinct patterns of saliva binding with the NoV GII.4 variant VLPs were observed, although they bound to D-Caco-2 cells independently of the expression of HBGAs. Monoclonal antibodies against Lewis antigens were able to block the binding of NoV VLPs to saliva, but not to D-Caco-2 cells. Blocking HBGAs on the surface of D-Caco-2 cells with specific monoclonal antibodies did not affect NoV VLP binding to cellular membranes. Co-localisation of Lewis y (Ley) and H-type 2 antigens with NoV VLPs was not observed by immunofluorescence assays. Conclusion Although the binding of NoV VLPs of GII.4 genotype variants to human saliva samples occur with distinct HBGA binding patterns and can be blocked by antibodies against Lewis antigens, their attachment to D-Caco-2 cells can be mediated by other receptors, which still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Carmona-Vicente
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David J Allen
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- CIMI, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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62
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Ibanez C, Habibi A, Mekontso-Dessap A, Chadebech P, Chami B, Bierling P, Galactéros F, Rieux C, Nataf J, Bartolucci P, Peyrard T, Pirenne F. Anti-HI can cause a severe delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction with hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease patients. Transfusion 2016; 56:1828-33. [PMID: 27145018 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a life-threatening condition in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients that is frequently complicated by hyperhemolysis. Antibodies resulting from antigen disparity between donors of European ancestry and patients of African ancestry are common, but situations involving antibodies not classically of clinical significance are also encountered. Anti-HI is generally considered to be an innocuous naturally occurring antibody. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We describe two cases of hyperhemolysis with anti-HI and provide details of the reported cases. RESULTS Both SCD patients were polyimmunized and belonged to blood group B. They developed anti-HI that was reactive at 37°C, after the transfusion of group O red blood cell units matched for all known and produced antibodies classically considered to be clinically significant. Both patients developed DHTR with hyperhemolysis. In the first case, a pregnant woman, a second transfusion was unavoidable and the patient died from cardiac arrest. The state of the second patient improved without the need for further transfusion. CONCLUSION Three other cases of DHTR with anti-HI have been described in the literature in SCD patients. The two additional cases reported here definitively demonstrate that anti-HI is dangerous in SCD patients. As a result, ABO-identical matching (including A1 status) must be considered in SCD patients with anti-HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ibanez
- Établissement Français du Sang, Ile de France, Hôpital Henri Mondor
| | - Anoosha Habibi
- IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, UPEC, Créteil.,Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Chadebech
- Établissement Français du Sang, Ile de France, Hôpital Henri Mondor.,IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Btissam Chami
- Établissement Français du Sang, Ile de France, Hôpital Henri Mondor
| | - Philippe Bierling
- Établissement Français du Sang, Ile de France, Hôpital Henri Mondor.,IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, UPEC, Créteil.,Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Rieux
- Unité de Sécurité Transfusionnelle et d'Hémovigilance, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Joëlle Nataf
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Département Centre National de référence pour les Groupes Sanguins
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, UPEC, Créteil.,Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Département Centre National de référence pour les Groupes Sanguins.,INSERM UMR_S1134, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Établissement Français du Sang, Ile de France, Hôpital Henri Mondor.,IMRB, INSERM U955, Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire D'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
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63
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Jeyakanthan M, Meloncelli PJ, Zou L, Lowary TL, Larsen I, Maier S, Tao K, Rusch J, Chinnock R, Shaw N, Burch M, Beddows K, Addonizio L, Zuckerman W, Pahl E, Rutledge J, Kanter KR, Cairo CW, Buriak JM, Ross D, Rebeyka I, West LJ. ABH-Glycan Microarray Characterizes ABO Subtype Antibodies: Fine Specificity of Immune Tolerance After ABO-Incompatible Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1548-58. [PMID: 26602221 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation from ABO blood group-incompatible (ABOi) donors requires accurate detection, effective removal and subsequent surveillance of antidonor antibodies. Because ABH antigen subtypes are expressed differently in various cells and organs, measurement of antibodies specific for the antigen subtypes in the graft is essential. Erythrocyte agglutination, the century-old assay used clinically, does not discriminate subtype-specific ABO antibodies and provides limited information on antibody isotypes. We designed and created an ABO-glycan microarray and demonstrated the precise assessment of both the presence and, importantly, the absence of donor-specific antibodies in an international study of pediatric heart transplant patients. Specific IgM, IgG, and IgA isotype antibodies to nonself ABH subtypes were detected in control participants and recipients of ABO-compatible transplants. Conversely, in children who received ABOi transplants, antibodies specific for A subtype II and/or B subtype II antigens-the only ABH antigen subtypes expressed in heart tissue-were absent, demonstrating the fine specificity of B cell tolerance to donor/graft blood group antigens. In contrast to the hemagglutination assay, the ABO-glycan microarray allows detailed characterization of donor-specific antibodies necessary for effective transplant management, representing a major step forward in precise ABO antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeyakanthan
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P J Meloncelli
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - T L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - I Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Maier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Rusch
- Pediatrtic Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA
| | - R Chinnock
- Pediatrtic Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA
| | - N Shaw
- Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - M Burch
- Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - K Beddows
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - L Addonizio
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W Zuckerman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E Pahl
- Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K R Kanter
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - C W Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J M Buriak
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - I Rebeyka
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L J West
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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64
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Gildersleeve JC, Wright WS. Diverse molecular recognition properties of blood group A binding monoclonal antibodies. Glycobiology 2016; 26:443-8. [PMID: 26755806 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about specificity and affinity is critical for use of carbohydrate-binding antibodies. Herein, we evaluated eight monoclonal antibodies to the blood group A (BG-A) antigen. Antibodies 87-G, 9A, HE-10, HE-24, HE-193, HE-195, T36 and Z2A were profiled on a glycan microarray to assess specificity, relative affinity and the influence of glycan density on recognition. Our studies highlight several noteworthy recognition properties. First, most antibodies bound GalNAcα1-3Gal and the BG-A trisaccharide nearly as well as larger BG-A oligosaccharides. Second, several antibodies only bound the BG-A trisaccharide when displayed on certain glycan chains. These first two points indicate that the carrier glycan chains primarily influence selectivity, rather than binding strength. Third, binding of some antibodies was highly dependent on glycan density, illustrating the importance of glycan presentation for recognition. Fourth, some antibodies recognized the tumor-associated Tn antigen, and one antibody only bound the variant composed of a GalNAc-alpha-linked to a serine residue. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the recognition properties of anti-BG-A antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Whitney Shea Wright
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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65
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Torabizade maatoghi J, Paridar M, Mahmodian Shoushtari M, Kiani B, Nori B, Shahjahani M, Khosravi A, Amani kelarijani N, Kiani ghalesardi O, Jalali Far M. Distribution of ABO blood groups and rhesus factor in a Large Scale Study of different cities and ethnicities in Khuzestan province, Iran. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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66
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Jeyakanthan M, Tao K, Zou L, Meloncelli PJ, Lowary TL, Suzuki K, Boland D, Larsen I, Burch M, Shaw N, Beddows K, Addonizio L, Zuckerman W, Afzali B, Kim DH, Mengel M, Shapiro AMJ, West LJ. Chemical Basis for Qualitative and Quantitative Differences Between ABO Blood Groups and Subgroups: Implications for Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2602-15. [PMID: 26014598 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blood group ABH(O) carbohydrate antigens are carried by precursor structures denoted type I-IV chains, creating unique antigen epitopes that may differ in expression between circulating erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Characterization of such differences is invaluable in many clinical settings including transplantation. Monoclonal antibodies were generated and epitope specificities were characterized against chemically synthesized type I-IV ABH and related glycans. Antigen expression was detected on endomyocardial biopsies (n = 50) and spleen (n = 11) by immunohistochemical staining and on erythrocytes by flow cytometry. On vascular endothelial cells of heart and spleen, only type II-based ABH antigens were expressed; type III/IV structures were not detected. Type II-based ABH were expressed on erythrocytes of all blood groups. Group A1 and A2 erythrocytes additionally expressed type III/IV precursors, whereas group B and O erythrocytes did not. Intensity of A/B antigen expression differed among group A1 , A2 , A1 B, A2 B and B erythrocytes. On group A2 erythrocytes, type III H structures were largely un-glycosylated with the terminal "A" sugar α-GalNAc. Together, these studies define qualitative and quantitative differences in ABH antigen expression between erythrocytes and vascular tissues. These expression profiles have important implications that must be considered in clinical settings of ABO-incompatible transplantation when interpreting anti-ABO antibodies measured by hemagglutination assays with reagent erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeyakanthan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P J Meloncelli
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - T L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Suzuki
- Alberta Diabetes Institute Molecular Biology Core, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Boland
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute Antibody Services, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - I Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Burch
- Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Shaw
- Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Beddows
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York
| | - L Addonizio
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York
| | - W Zuckerman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University, New York
| | - B Afzali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D H Kim
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Mengel
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M J Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L J West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Kidney transplantation across the ABO blood group barrier was long considered a contraindication for transplantation, but in an effort to increase donor pools, specific regimens for ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation have been developed. These regimens are now widely used as an integral part of the available treatment options. Various desensitization protocols, commonly based on transient depletion of preformed anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies and modulation of B-cell immunity, enable excellent transplant outcomes, even in the long-term. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind transplant acceptance facilitated by a short course of anti-humoral treatment are still incompletely understood. With the evolution of efficient clinical programmes, tailoring of recipient preconditioning based on individual donor-recipient blood type combinations and the levels of pretransplant anti-A/B antibodies has become possible. In the context of low antibody titres and/or donor A2 phenotype, immunomodulation and/or apheresis might be dispensable. A concern still exists, however, that ABOi kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of surgical and infectious complications, partly owing to the effects of extracorporeal treatment and intensified immunosuppression. Nevertheless, a continuous improvement in desensitization strategies, with the aim of minimizing the immunosuppressive burden, might pave the way to clinical outcomes that are comparable to those achieved in ABO-compatible transplantation.
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68
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Wang D, Quan Y, Yan Q, Morales JE, Wetsel RA. Targeted Disruption of the β2-Microglobulin Gene Minimizes the Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1234-45. [PMID: 26285657 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising source of cells for tissue regeneration, yet histoincompatibility remains a major challenge to their clinical application. Because the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are the primary mediators of immune rejection, we hypothesized that cells derived from a hESC line lacking HLA-I expression could be transplanted without evoking a robust immune response from allogeneic recipients. In the present study, we used the replacement targeting strategy to delete exons 2 and 3 of β2-microglobulin on both gene alleles in hESCs. Because β2-microglobulin serves as the HLA-I light chain, disruption of the β2-microglobulin gene led to complete HLA-I deficiency on the cell surface of hESCs and their derivatives. Therefore, these cells were resistant to CD8+ T-cell-mediated destruction. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) treatment significantly induced β2-microglobulin expression, promoting CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of control hESCs and their derivatives, CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was barely observed with β2-microglobulin-null hESCs and their derivatives treated with IFN-γ. This genetic manipulation to disrupt HLA-I expression did not affect the self-renewal capacity, genomic stability, or pluripotency of hESCs. Despite being relatively sensitive to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing due to the lack of HLA-I expression, when transplanted into NK cell-depleted immunocompetent mice, β2-microglobulin-null hESCs developed into tumors resembling those derived from control hESCs in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. These results demonstrate that β2-microglobulin-null hESCs significantly reduce immunogenicity to CD8+ T cells and might provide a renewable source of cells for tissue regeneration without the need for HLA matching in the future. SIGNIFICANCE This study reports the generation of a novel β2-microglobulin (B2M)-/- human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line. Differentiated mature cells from this line do not express cell surface human leukocyte antigen molecules even after interferon-γ stimulation and are resistant to alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Moreover, this B2M-/- hESC line contains no off-target integration or cleavage events, is devoid of stable B2M mRNA, exhibits a normal karyotype, and retains its self-renewal capacity, genomic stability, and pluripotency. Although B2M-/- hESC-derived cells are more susceptible to natural killer (NK) cells, murine transplantation studies have indicated that they are, overall, much less immunogenic than normal hESCs. Thus, these data show for the first time that, in vivo, the advantages provided by B2M-/- hESC-derived cells in avoiding CD8+ T-cell killing appear significantly greater than any disadvantage caused by increased susceptibility to NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachun Wang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuan Quan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John E Morales
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
The article reviews the significant contributions to, and the present status of, applications of computational methods for the characterization and prediction of protein-carbohydrate interactions. After a presentation of the specific features of carbohydrate modeling, along with a brief description of the experimental data and general features of carbohydrate-protein interactions, the survey provides a thorough coverage of the available computational methods and tools. At the quantum-mechanical level, the use of both molecular orbitals and density-functional theory is critically assessed. These are followed by a presentation and critical evaluation of the applications of semiempirical and empirical methods: QM/MM, molecular dynamics, free-energy calculations, metadynamics, molecular robotics, and others. The usefulness of molecular docking in structural glycobiology is evaluated by considering recent docking- validation studies on a range of protein targets. The range of applications of these theoretical methods provides insights into the structural, energetic, and mechanistic facets that occur in the course of the recognition processes. Selected examples are provided to exemplify the usefulness and the present limitations of these computational methods in their ability to assist in elucidation of the structural basis underlying the diverse function and biological roles of carbohydrates in their dialogue with proteins. These test cases cover the field of both carbohydrate biosynthesis and glycosyltransferases, as well as glycoside hydrolases. The phenomenon of (macro)molecular recognition is illustrated for the interactions of carbohydrates with such proteins as lectins, monoclonal antibodies, GAG-binding proteins, porins, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Pérez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
| | - Igor Tvaroška
- Department of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Westman JS, Benktander J, Storry JR, Peyrard T, Hult AK, Hellberg Å, Teneberg S, Olsson ML. Identification of the Molecular and Genetic Basis of PX2, a Glycosphingolipid Blood Group Antigen Lacking on Globoside-deficient Erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18505-18. [PMID: 26055721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The x2 glycosphingolipid is expressed on erythrocytes from individuals of all common blood group phenotypes and elevated on cells of the rare P/P1/P(k)-negative p blood group phenotype. Globoside or P antigen is synthesized by UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosyl-ceramide 3-β-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase encoded by B3GALNT1. It is the most abundant non-acid glycosphingolipid on erythrocytes and displays the same terminal disaccharide, GalNAcβ3Gal, as x2. We encountered a patient with mutations in B3GALNT1 causing the rare P-deficient P1 (k) phenotype and whose pretransfusion plasma was unexpectedly incompatible with p erythrocytes. The same phenomenon was also noted in seven other unrelated P-deficient individuals. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and flow cytometry were used to show that the naturally occurring antibodies made by p individuals recognize x2 and sialylated forms of x2, whereas x2 is lacking on P-deficient erythrocytes. Overexpression of B3GALNT1 resulted in synthesis of both P and x2. Knockdown experiments with siRNA against B3GALNT1 diminished x2 levels. We conclude that x2 fulfills blood group criteria and is synthesized by UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide 3-β-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Based on this linkage, we proposed that x2 joins P in the GLOB blood group system (ISBT 028) and is renamed PX2 (GLOB2). Thus, in the absence of a functional P synthase, neither P nor PX2 are formed. As a consequence, naturally occurring anti-P and anti-PX2 can be made. Until the clinical significance of anti-PX2 is known, we also recommend that rare P1 (k) or P2 (k) erythrocyte units are preferentially selected for transfusion to P(k) patients because p erythrocytes may pose a risk for hemolytic transfusion reactions due to their elevated PX2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Westman
- From the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- the Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- From the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden, the Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- the Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Département Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins, F-75015 Paris, France, and the Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Annika K Hult
- From the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden, the Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Hellberg
- From the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden, the Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- the Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - Martin L Olsson
- From the Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden, the Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden,
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Kwan DH, Ernst S, Kötzler MP, Withers SG. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Type 2 Blood Group A Tetrasaccharide and Development of High-throughput Assays Enables a Platform for Screening Blood Group Antigen-cleaving Enzymes. Glycobiology 2015; 25:806-11. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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72
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Kwan DH, Constantinescu I, Chapanian R, Higgins MA, Kötzler MP, Samain E, Boraston AB, Kizhakkedathu JN, Withers SG. Toward Efficient Enzymes for the Generation of Universal Blood through Structure-Guided Directed Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5695-705. [PMID: 25870881 DOI: 10.1021/ja5116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusions are critically important in many medical procedures, but the presence of antigens on red blood cells (RBCs, erythrocytes) means that careful blood-typing must be carried out prior to transfusion to avoid adverse and sometimes fatal reactions following transfusion. Enzymatic removal of the terminal N-acetylgalactosamine or galactose of A- or B-antigens, respectively, yields universal O-type blood, but is inefficient. Starting with the family 98 glycoside hydrolase from Streptococcus pneumoniae SP3-BS71 (Sp3GH98), which cleaves the entire terminal trisaccharide antigenic determinants of both A- and B-antigens from some of the linkages on RBC surface glycans, through several rounds of evolution, we developed variants with vastly improved activity toward some of the linkages that are resistant to cleavage by the wild-type enzyme. The resulting enzyme effects more complete removal of blood group antigens from cell surfaces, demonstrating the potential for engineering enzymes to generate antigen-null blood from donors of various types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie A Higgins
- ⊥Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | | | - Eric Samain
- #Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Cedex 9, France BP 53, 38041
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- ⊥Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
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Weiss FU, Schurmann C, Guenther A, Ernst F, Teumer A, Mayerle J, Simon P, Völzke H, Radke D, Greinacher A, Kuehn JP, Zenker M, Völker U, Homuth G, Lerch MM. Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) non-secretor status and blood group B are associated with elevated serum lipase activity in asymptomatic subjects, and an increased risk for chronic pancreatitis: a genetic association study. Gut 2015; 64:646-56. [PMID: 25028398 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum lipase activities above the threefold upper reference limit indicate acute pancreatitis. We investigated whether high lipase activity-within the reference range and in the absence of pancreatitis-are associated with genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and whether these identified SNPs are also associated with clinical pancreatitis. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on phenotypes 'serum lipase activity' and 'high serum lipase activity' were conducted including 3966 German volunteers from the population-based Study-of-Health-in-Pomerania (SHIP). Lead SNPs associated on a genome-wide significance level were replicated in two cohorts, 1444 blood donors and 1042 pancreatitis patients. RESULTS Initial discovery GWAS detected SNPs within or near genes encoding the ABO blood group specifying transferases A/B (ABO), Fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2), and Chymotrypsinogen-B2 (CTRB2), to be significantly associated with lipase activity levels in asymptomatic subjects. Replication analyses in blood donors confirmed the association of FUT-2 non-secretor status (OR=1.49; p=0.012) and ABO blood-type-B (OR=2.48; p=7.29×10(-8)) with high lipase activity levels. In pancreatitis patients, significant associations were found for FUT-2 non-secretor status (OR=1.53; p=8.56×10(-4)) and ABO-B (OR=1.69, p=1.0×10(-4)) with chronic pancreatitis, but not with acute pancreatitis. Conversely, carriers of blood group O were less frequently affected by chronic pancreatitis (OR=0.62; p=1.22×10(-05)) and less likely to have high lipase activity levels (OR=0.59; p=8.14×10(-05)). CONCLUSIONS These are the first results indicating that ABO blood type-B as well as FUT2 non-secretor status are common population-wide risk factors for developing chronic pancreatitis. They also imply that, even within the reference range, elevated lipase activities may indicate subclinical pancreatic injury in asymptomatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Genetics of Obesity & Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Annett Guenther
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Ernst
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kuehn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kudelka MR, Ju T, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Simple sugars to complex disease--mucin-type O-glycans in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:53-135. [PMID: 25727146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans are a class of glycans initiated with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) α-linked primarily to Ser/Thr residues within glycoproteins and often extended or branched by sugars or saccharides. Most secretory and membrane-bound proteins receive this modification, which is important in regulating many biological processes. Alterations in mucin-type O-glycans have been described across tumor types and include expression of relatively small-sized, truncated O-glycans and altered terminal structures, both of which are associated with patient prognosis. New discoveries in the identity and expression of tumor-associated O-glycans are providing new avenues for tumor detection and treatment. This chapter describes mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, altered mucin-type O-glycans in primary tumors, including mechanisms for structural changes and contributions to the tumor phenotype, and clinical approaches to detect and target altered O-glycans for cancer treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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75
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Dunne C, Dolan B, Clyne M. Factors that mediate colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5610-24. [PMID: 24914320 PMCID: PMC4024769 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach of humans and causes chronic infection. The majority of bacteria live in the mucus layer overlying the gastric epithelial cells and only a small proportion of bacteria are found interacting with the epithelial cells. The bacteria living in the gastric mucus may act as a reservoir of infection for the underlying cells which is essential for the development of disease. Colonization of gastric mucus is likely to be key to the establishment of chronic infection. How H. pylori manages to colonise and survive in the hostile environment of the human stomach and avoid removal by mucus flow and killing by gastric acid is the subject of this review. We also discuss how bacterial and host factors may together go some way to explaining the susceptibility to colonization and the outcome of infection in different individuals. H. pylori infection of the gastric mucosa has become a paradigm for chronic infection. Understanding of why H. pylori is such a successful pathogen may help us understand how other bacterial species colonise mucosal surfaces and cause disease.
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76
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Holgersson J, Rydberg L, Breimer ME. Molecular deciphering of the ABO system as a basis for novel diagnostics and therapeutics in ABO incompatible transplantation. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:174-94. [PMID: 24350817 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.857408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years ABO incompatible kidney transplantation (KTx) has become a more or less clinical routine procedure with graft and patient survival similar to those of ABO compatible transplants. Antigen-specific immunoadsorption (IA) for anti-A and anti-B antibody removal constitutes in many centers an important part of the treatment protocol. ABO antibody titration by hemagglutination is guiding the treatment; both if the recipient can be transplanted as well as in cases of suspected rejections if antibody removal should be performed. Despite the overall success of ABO incompatible KTx, there is still room for improvements and an extension of the technology to include other solid organs. Based on an increased understanding of the structural complexity and tissue distribution of ABH antigens and the fine epitope specificity of the ABO antibody repertoire, improved IA matrices and ABO antibody diagnostics should be developed. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind accommodation of ABO incompatible renal allografts could make it possible to induce long-term allograft acceptance also in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitized recipients and, perhaps, also make clinical xenotransplantation possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holgersson
- 1Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine and
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77
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Castanys-Muñoz E, Martin MJ, Prieto PA. 2'-fucosyllactose: an abundant, genetically determined soluble glycan present in human milk. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:773-89. [PMID: 24246032 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactose is the preeminent soluble glycan in milk and a significant source of energy for most newborn mammals. Elongation of lactose with additional monosaccharides gives rise to a varied repertoire of free soluble glycans such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), which is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In infants, 2'-FL is resistant to digestion and reaches the colon where it is partially fermented, behaving as soluble prebiotic fiber. Evidence also suggests that portions of small soluble milk glycans, including 2'-FL, are absorbed, thus raising the possibility of systemic biological effects. 2'-FL bears an epitope of the Secretor histo-blood group system; approximately 70-80% of all milk samples contain 2'-FL, since its synthesis depends on a fucosyltransferase that is not uniformly expressed. The fact that some infants are not exposed to 2'-FL has helped researchers to retrospectively probe for biological activities of this glycan. This review summarizes the attributes of 2'-FL in terms of its occurrence in mammalian phylogeny, its postulated biological activities, and its variability in human milk.
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78
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Jung JY, Oh JH, Lee DH, Lee S, Chung JH. Blood type B antigen modulates cell migration through regulating cdc42 expression and activity in HaCaT cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2243-51. [PMID: 23625752 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABO blood group is determined by carbohydrate antigens, called ABH antigens. It has been known that the change of carbohydrate antigen expression, including ABH antigens, has correlation with the tumor metastasis and survival; however, the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. ABH antigens are expressed not only in blood cells but also in several tissues. In epidermis, ABH antigen is expressed in the uppermost spinous and granular layer. We investigated the role of ABH antigens on the cell migration of HaCaT keratinocytes, which express B antigen. Knock-down of B antigen expression by small interference RNA of FUT1 inhibited HaCaT cell migration. At that time, we found that lamellipodia and actin fiber were also reduced by knock-down of B antigen expression. The transcription of cdc42, a kind of Rho GTPase which plays a key role in actin polymerization, was reduced by down-regulated B antigen expression. Furthermore, the reduced B antigen expression also inhibited the interaction of cdc42 and N-WASP. Collectively, our data provide a clue how ABH antigens regulate the cell migration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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79
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Trinchera M, Harduin-Lepers A. The expanding roles of the Sd(a)/Cad carbohydrate antigen and its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:443-53. [PMID: 24112972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histo-blood group antigens are carbohydrate structures present in tissues and body fluids, which contribute to the definition of the individual immunophenotype. One of these, the Sd(a) antigen, is expressed on the surface of erythrocytes and in secretions of the vast majority of the Caucasians and other ethnic groups. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the multiple and unsuspected aspects of the biology of the Sd(a) antigen and its biosynthetic enzyme β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) in various physiological and pathological settings. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The immunodominant sugar of the Sd(a) antigen is a β1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2 displays a restricted pattern of tissue expression, is regulated by unknown mechanisms - including promoter methylation, and encodes at least two different proteins, one of which with an unconventionally long cytoplasmic portion. In different settings, the Sd(a) antigen plays multiple and unsuspected roles. 1) In colon cancer, its dramatic down-regulation plays a potential role in the overexpression of sialyl Lewis antigens, increasing metastasis formation. 2) It is involved in the lytic function of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 3) It prevents the development of muscular dystrophy in various dystrophic murine models, when overexpressed in muscular fibers. 4) It regulates the circulating half-life of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), determining the onset of a bleeding disorder in a murine model. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The expression of the Sd(a) antigen has a wide impact on the physiology and the pathology of different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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80
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Hotta H, Hamamura K, Yamashita K, Shibuya H, Tokuda N, Hashimoto N, Furukawa K, Yamamoto N, Hattori H, Toyokuni S, Ueda M, Furukawa K. Lewis y antigen is expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and tissues, but disappears in the invasive regions leading to the enhanced malignant properties irrespective of sialyl-Lewis x. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:585-97. [PMID: 23242548 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression and implication of carbohydrate antigens in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in oral cavity was examined. In the cell lines, type 2H and Lewis y antigens were markedly expressed. In the tissues from SCC patients and benign disorders, type 2H was highly expressed in hyperplasia (96.4 %), displasia (92.9 %) and SCC (100 %). Lewis y was, in turn, expressed mainly in cancer tissues (91.3 %), suggesting that Lewis y is a cancer-associated antigen. Normal oral mucosa showed no expression of these blood group antigens. Surprisingly, Lewis y antigen disappeared in the invasion sites where Ki-67 was definitely stained. Over-expression of Lewis y with manipulation of a fucosyltransferase cDNA resulted in suppression of cell growth and invasion, and knockdown of Lewis y also brought about increased cell growth and invasion. In either situations, no changes in the expression of sialyl-Lewis x could be found. Lowered tumor growth and invasion into surrounding tissues were also shown in Lewis y-positive SCC grafts in nu/nu mice. All these results together with alternative staining between Lewis y and Ki-67 in cancer tissues and FUT1 transfectants suggested that loss of Lewis y is a crucial event for the late stage of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hotta
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
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81
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Bakunina I, Nedashkovskaya O, Balabanova L, Zvyagintseva T, Rasskasov V, Mikhailov V. Comparative analysis of glycoside hydrolases activities from phylogenetically diverse marine bacteria of the genus Arenibacter. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1977-98. [PMID: 23752354 PMCID: PMC3721217 DOI: 10.3390/md11061977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 16 marine strains belonging to the genus Arenibacter, recovered from diverse microbial communities associated with various marine habitats and collected from different locations, were evaluated in degradation of natural polysaccharides and chromogenic glycosides. Most strains were affiliated with five recognized species, and some presented three new species within the genus Arenibacter. No strains contained enzymes depolymerizing polysaccharides, but synthesized a wide spectrum of glycosidases. Highly active β-N-acetylglucosaminidases and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases were the main glycosidases for all Arenibacter. The genes, encoding two new members of glycoside hydrolyses (GH) families, 20 and 109, were isolated and characterized from the genomes of Arenibacter latericius. Molecular genetic analysis using glycosidase-specific primers shows the absence of GH27 and GH36 genes. A sequence comparison with functionally-characterized GH20 and GH109 enzymes shows that both sequences are closest to the enzymes of chitinolytic bacteria Vibrio furnissii and Cellulomonas fimi of marine and terrestrial origin, as well as human pathogen Elisabethkingia meningoseptica and simbionts Akkermansia muciniphila, gut and non-gut Bacteroides, respectively. These results revealed that the genus Arenibacter is a highly taxonomic diverse group of microorganisms, which can participate in degradation of natural polymers in marine environments depending on their niche and habitat adaptations. They are new prospective candidates for biotechnological applications due to their production of unique glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakunina
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +7-432-231-07-05-3; Fax: +7-432-231-07-05-7
| | - Olga Nedashkovskaya
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Larissa Balabanova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Tatyana Zvyagintseva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Valery Rasskasov
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Valery Mikhailov
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Molecular Biology of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (O.N.); (L.B.); (T.Z.); (V.R.); (V.M.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
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82
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Shahshahani HJ, Vahidfar MR, Khodaie SA. Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group. Asian J Transfus Sci 2013; 7:86-7. [PMID: 23559776 PMCID: PMC3613675 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombay phenotype is extremely rare in Caucasian with an incidence of 1 in 250,000. When individuals with the Bombay phenotype need blood transfusion, they can receive only autologous blood or blood from another Bombay blood group. Transfusing blood group O red cells to them can cause a fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. In this study, we report a case with the rare Bombay blood group that was misdiagnosed as the O blood group and developed a hemolytic transfusion reaction. This highlights the importance of both forward and reverse typing in ABO blood grouping and standard cross-matching and performing standard pretransfusion laboratory tests in hospital blood banks.
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83
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Lindberg L, Liu J, Gaunitz S, Nilsson A, Johansson T, Karlsson NG, Holgersson J. Mucin-type fusion proteins with blood group A or B determinants on defined O-glycan core chains produced in glycoengineered Chinese hamster ovary cells and their use as immunoaffinity matrices. Glycobiology 2013; 23:720-35. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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84
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Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritidis in humans worldwide. They are transmitted through consumption of contaminated food, or mostly by direct person-to-person contact. However, susceptibility to NoV infection is variable. NoVs recognize carbohydrate ligand, including A, B, H and Lewis histoblood group antigen (HBGAs) for attachment to human epithelial cells. Synthesis of these HBGAs requires various glycosyltransferase encoded by the ABO, FUT2, FUT3 genes. The presence of distinct carbohydrates structures dependent upon the combined polymorphism at the FUT2, FUT3 and ABO loci influences susceptibility to NoV infection. NoV-glycan interactions studies show that different strains recognize specific HBGAs. Together with herd immunity, HBGAs play a major role in the epidemiology and evolution of NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruvoën
- Unité de maladies réglementées - zoonoses, Oniris - École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes Atlantique, site de la Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes, France.
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85
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Soejima M, Koda Y. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of SEC1-FUT2 hybrid alleles: identification of novel hybrid allele. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:59-62. [PMID: 22959923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two hybrid alleles between the secretor type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) and a pseudogene of FUT2 (SEC1) have been reported so far; parts of the SEC1 and FUT2 sequences are suggested to be susceptible to recombination. The se(fus), one of the two hybrid alleles, is found in Japanese populations at relative high frequencies. METHODS A TaqMan assay to distinguish SEC1 and SEC1-FUT2 hybrid alleles was designed for the purpose of dealing with large number of samples. RESULTS The results of the present method were fully consistent with those of the previous method for detection of se(fus) in the Japanese population. In addition, a novel SEC1-FUT2-SEC1 hybrid allele, which contains a 35-bp sequence (between positions 418 and 452) that is identical to the FUT2 sequence including a 13-bp FUT2-specific region (between positions 436 and 448), was encountered in an individual of European descent. CONCLUSIONS The present TaqMan assay is a reliable and powerful method for the large scale association study between disease susceptibility and FUT2 genotypes especially in the Japanese populations because of relative high frequency of se(fus). In addition, this method is a useful tool to find novel SEC1-FUT2 hybrid alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Human Genetics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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86
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Ségurel L, Thompson EE, Flutre T, Lovstad J, Venkat A, Margulis SW, Moyse J, Ross S, Gamble K, Sella G, Ober C, Przeworski M. The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18493-8. [PMID: 23091028 PMCID: PMC3494955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210603109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABO histo-blood group, the critical determinant of transfusion incompatibility, was the first genetic polymorphism discovered in humans. Remarkably, ABO antigens are also polymorphic in many other primates, with the same two amino acid changes responsible for A and B specificity in all species sequenced to date. Whether this recurrence of A and B antigens is the result of an ancient polymorphism maintained across species or due to numerous, more recent instances of convergent evolution has been debated for decades, with a current consensus in support of convergent evolution. We show instead that genetic variation data in humans and gibbons as well as in Old World monkeys are inconsistent with a model of convergent evolution and support the hypothesis of an ancient, multiallelic polymorphism of which some alleles are shared by descent among species. These results demonstrate that the A and B blood groups result from a trans-species polymorphism among distantly related species and has remained under balancing selection for tens of millions of years-to date, the only such example in hominoids and Old World monkeys outside of the major histocompatibility complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Ségurel
- Department of Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
| | | | - Timothée Flutre
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1164, 78026 Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | - Jill Moyse
- Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614; and
| | - Steve Ross
- Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614; and
| | | | - Guy Sella
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Molly Przeworski
- Department of Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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87
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Wakinaka T, Kiyohara M, Kurihara S, Hirata A, Chaiwangsri T, Ohnuma T, Fukamizo T, Katayama T, Ashida H, Yamamoto K. Bifidobacterial α-galactosidase with unique carbohydrate-binding module specifically acts on blood group B antigen. Glycobiology 2012; 23:232-40. [PMID: 23089618 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum is one of the most frequently found bifidobacteria in the intestines of newborn infants. We previously reported that B. bifidum possesses unique metabolic pathways for O-linked glycans on gastrointestinal mucin (Yoshida E, Sakurama H, Kiyohara M, Nakajima M, Kitaoka M, Ashida H, Hirose J, Katayama T, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H. 2012. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis uses two different β-galactosidases for selectively degrading type-1 and type-2 human milk oligosaccharides. Glycobiology. 22:361-368). The nonreducing termini of O-linked glycans on mucin are frequently covered with histo-blood group antigens. Here, we identified a gene agabb from B. bifidum JCM 1254, which encodes glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 110 α-galactosidase. AgaBb is a 1289-amino acid polypeptide containing an N-terminal signal sequence, a GH110 domain, a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 51 domain, a bacterial Ig-like (Big) 2 domain and a C-terminal transmembrane region, in this order. The recombinant enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli hydrolyzed α1,3-linked Gal in branched blood group B antigen [Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-R], but not in a linear xenotransplantation antigen (Galα1-3Galβ1-R). The enzyme also acted on group B human salivary mucin and erythrocytes. We also revealed that CBM51 specifically bound blood group B antigen using both isothermal titration calorimetry and a solid-phase binding assay, and it enhanced the affinity of the enzyme toward substrates with multivalent B antigens. We suggest that this enzyme plays an important role in degrading B antigens to acquire nutrients from mucin oligosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takura Wakinaka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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88
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Wolofsky KT, Ayi K, Branch DR, Hult AK, Olsson ML, Liles WC, Cserti-Gazdewich CM, Kain KC. ABO blood groups influence macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002942. [PMID: 23071435 PMCID: PMC3469569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte polymorphisms associated with a survival advantage to Plasmodium falciparum infection have undergone positive selection. There is a predominance of blood group O in malaria-endemic regions, and several lines of evidence suggest that ABO blood groups may influence the outcome of P. falciparum infection. Based on the hypothesis that enhanced innate clearance of infected polymorphic erythrocytes is associated with protection from severe malaria, we investigated whether P. falciparum-infected O erythrocytes are more efficiently cleared by macrophages than infected A and B erythrocytes. We show that human macrophages in vitro and mouse monocytes in vivo phagocytose P. falciparum-infected O erythrocytes more avidly than infected A and B erythrocytes and that uptake is associated with increased hemichrome deposition and high molecular weight band 3 aggregates in infected O erythrocytes. Using infected A1, A2, and O erythrocytes, we demonstrate an inverse association of phagocytic capacity with the amount of A antigen on the surface of infected erythrocytes. Finally, we report that enzymatic conversion of B erythrocytes to type as O before infection significantly enhances their uptake by macrophages to observed level comparable to that with infected O wild-type erythrocytes. These data provide the first evidence that ABO blood group antigens influence macrophage clearance of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and suggest an additional mechanism by which blood group O may confer resistance to severe malaria. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is considered to be one of the strongest forces for evolutionary selection pressure on the human genome. Different red blood cell variants associated with a survival advantage to P. falciparum infection have undergone positive selection. Blood group O is found more frequently in malaria-endemic regions and has been associated with protection against severe malaria and death. However the biological basis of protection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated innate immune clearance of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes by macrophages as a possible mode of protection. We show that macrophages clear P. falciparum-infected O erythrocytes more avidly than infected A and B erythrocytes. We also report that enzymatic conversion of infected blood group B red cells to type as “O” like erythrocytes significantly enhances their uptake by macrophages to a level comparable to that observed with infected O wild type erythrocytes. These data provide the first evidence that clearance of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes is influenced by human ABO blood groups and suggest a new mechanism by which blood group O may contribute to protection against severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla T. Wolofsky
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, SA Rotman Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kodjo Ayi
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, SA Rotman Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald R. Branch
- Research and Development, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annika K. Hult
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L. Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, SA Rotman Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kevin C. Kain
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, SA Rotman Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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89
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Structural basis for the ABO blood-group dependence of Plasmodium falciparum rosetting. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002781. [PMID: 22807674 PMCID: PMC3395597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABO blood group influences susceptibility to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Recent evidence indicates that the protective effect of group O operates by virtue of reduced rosetting of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) with uninfected RBCs. Rosetting is mediated by a subgroup of PfEMP1 adhesins, with RBC binding being assigned to the N-terminal DBL1α1 domain. Here, we identify the ABO blood group as the main receptor for VarO rosetting, with a marked preference for group A over group B, which in turn is preferred to group O RBCs. We show that recombinant NTS-DBL1α1 and NTS-DBL1α1-CIDR1γ reproduce the VarO-iRBC blood group preference and document direct binding to blood group trisaccharides by surface plasmon resonance. More detailed RBC subgroup analysis showed preferred binding to group A1, weaker binding to groups A2 and B, and least binding to groups Ax and O. The 2.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the PfEMP1-VarO Head region, NTS-DBL1α1-CIDR1γ, reveals extensive contacts between the DBL1α1 and CIDR1γ and shows that the NTS-DBL1α1 hinge region is essential for RBC binding. Computer docking of the blood group trisaccharides and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis localized the RBC-binding site to the face opposite to the heparin-binding site of NTS-DBLα1. RBC binding involves residues that are conserved between rosette-forming PfEMP1 adhesins, opening novel opportunities for intervention against severe malaria. By deciphering the structural basis of blood group preferences in rosetting, we provide a link between ABO blood grouppolymorphisms and rosette-forming adhesins, consistent with the selective role of falciparum malaria on human genetic makeup. Rosetting, the capacity of infected red blood cells (RBCs) to bind uninfected RBCs, is a Plasmodium falciparum virulence factor. Rosetting is influenced by the ABO blood group, being less efficient with O RBCs. Although this preference may account for protection against severe malaria afforded by the O blood group, its understanding is fragmentary. We identify the ABO blood group as the main receptor for the rosetting Palo Alto VarO parasites, which display a marked preference for blood group A. Rosetting is caused by a sub-group of PfEMP1 adhesins. PfEMP1-VarO shares with other rosetting lines a specific NTS-DBL1α1-CIDR1γ Head region. We show that the Head region binds RBCs more efficiently than NTS-DBL1α1 and that ABO blood group polymorphisms influence binding of both domains. The 2.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the Head region reveals extensive contacts between the DBL1α1 and CIDR1γ domains, and shows structural features of the NTS-DBL1α1 hinge region essential for RBC binding. We localize the RBC-binding site to the face opposite to the heparin-binding site of NTS-DBL1α1 and document direct binding of the Head region to A and B trisaccharides These findings provide novel insights into the interactions established by malaria parasites with a prominent human blood group.
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90
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Hudson KE, Hendrickson JE, Cadwell CM, Iwakoshi NN, Zimring JC. Partial tolerance of autoreactive B and T cells to erythrocyte-specific self-antigens in mice. Haematologica 2012; 97:1836-44. [PMID: 22733018 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.065144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakdown of humoral tolerance to RBC antigens may lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a severe and sometimes fatal disease. The underlying mechanisms behind the breakdown of humoral tolerance to RBC antigens are poorly understood. DESIGN AND METHODS In order to study the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we developed a murine model with RBC-specific expression of a model antigen carrying epitopes from hen egg lysozyme and ovalbumin. RESULTS Humoral tolerance was observed; this was not broken even by strong immunogenic stimulation (lysozyme or ovalbumin with adjuvant). Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells were detected by tetramer enrichment assays, but failed to activate or expand despite repeat stimulation, indicating a nonresponsive population rather than deletion. Adoptive transfer of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells (OT-II mice) led to autoantibody (anti-lysozyme) production by B cells in multiple anatomic compartments, including the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that B cells autoreactive to RBC antigens survive in healthy mice with normal immune systems. Furthermore, autoreactive B cells are not centrally tolerized and are receptive to T-cell help. As the autoreactive T cells are present but non-responsive, these data indicate that factors that reverse T-cell non-responsiveness may be central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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91
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Bakunina IY, Nedashkovskaya OI, Kim SB, Zvyagintseva TN, Mikhailov VV. Distribution of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases among marine bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes, epiphytes of marine algae of the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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92
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Soejima M, Fujimoto R, Agusa T, Iwata H, Fujihara J, Takeshita H, Minh TB, Trang PTK, Viet PH, Nakajima T, Yoshimoto J, Tanabe S, Koda Y. Genetic variation of FUT2 in a Vietnamese population: identification of two novel Se enzyme-inactivating mutations. Transfusion 2012; 52:1268-75. [PMID: 22188519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human FUT2 gene encodes a secretor-type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase, and many population-specific polymorphisms have been reported in the coding region. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Direct sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis were done to detect single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) in a Vietnamese population. The impacts of two novel mutations on the encoded enzyme were examined by a transient expression study. RESULTS The major nonfunctional allele in the 294 Vietnamese was se(357,385), whereas no CNV was detected. Two novel SNPs, 818C>A (Thr273Asn) and 853G>A (Ala285Thr), distributed at low frequency, were shown to remarkably affect the enzyme activity. CONCLUSION The allelic polymorphism of FUT2 in Vietnamese is similar to that of other East and Southeast Asian populations. This result may reflect the history and gene flow of this population. In addition, HRM analysis seems to be a simple and effective method for screening rare SNPs of FUT2 in a large number of samples. [Correction statement added after online publication 21-Dec-2011: Thr273Ala has been updated to Thr273Asn throughout.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Human Genetics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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93
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Lindberg L, Theinert K, Liu J, Holgersson J. Adsorption of chain type-specific ABO antibodies on Sepharose-linked A and B tetrasaccharides. Transfusion 2012; 52:2356-67. [PMID: 22587667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific removal of anti-A and anti-B on immunoadsorption columns carrying the blood group A and B trisaccharides is one important component of some protocols used in ABO-incompatible organ transplantation. Because ABO antibodies exist requiring parts of the core saccharide chain for binding, the anti-A and -B-binding capacity of individual and combined, Sepharose-linked Types 1 through 4 A and B tetrasaccharides with that of the A and B trisaccharides was compared. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sepharose-linked A and B tri- and tetrasaccharides were used to adsorb anti-A and -B from pooled blood group O serum. Remaining chain type-specific anti-A and -B were detected and quantified in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using wells coated with neoglycoproteins or recombinant mucins carrying A and B determinants on defined core saccharide chains. RESULTS Significantly more anti-A Type 3- and 4-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G remained after adsorption on the A trisaccharide and the A Type 1 and A Type 2 tetrasaccharide than after adsorption on the A Types 3 and 4 tetrasaccharides. Selective adsorption of chain type-specific IgG anti-B was detected on Sepharose-linked B tetrasaccharides. In contrast, there were no chain type-specific IgM anti-A or -B. A combination of the A or B tetrasaccharides adsorbed a larger fraction of the IgG anti-A and -B repertoires than the corresponding trisaccharides. CONCLUSION There are chain type-specific anti-A and anti-B IgG, and an adsorber based on a combination of Types 1 through 4 A or B tetrasaccharides will be a more efficient adsorber than an adsorber based on the A or B trisaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lindberg
- AbSorber AB, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Huang P, Xia M, Tan M, Zhong W, Wei C, Wang L, Morrow A, Jiang X. Spike protein VP8* of human rotavirus recognizes histo-blood group antigens in a type-specific manner. J Virol 2012; 86:4833-43. [PMID: 22345472 PMCID: PMC3347384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05507-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs), an important cause of severe diarrhea in children, have been found to recognize sialic acid as receptors for host cell attachment. While a few animal RVs (of P[1], P[2], P[3], and P[7]) are sialidase sensitive, human RVs and the majority of animal RVs are sialidase insensitive. In this study, we demonstrated that the surface spike protein VP8* of the major P genotypes of human RVs interacts with the secretor histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Strains of the P[4] and P[8] genotypes shared reactivity with the common antigens of Lewis b (Le(b)) and H type 1, while strains of the P[6] genotype bound the H type 1 antigen only. The bindings between recombinant VP8* and human saliva, milk, or synthetic HBGA oligosaccharides were demonstrated, which was confirmed by blockade of the bindings by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to Le(b) and/or H type 1. In addition, specific binding activities were observed when triple-layered particles of a P[8] (Wa) RV were tested. Our results suggest that the spike protein VP8* of RVs is involved in the recognition of human HBGAs that may function as ligands or receptors for RV attachment to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ardythe Morrow
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Tanikawa C, Urabe Y, Matsuo K, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Ito H, Tajima K, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Matsuda K. A genome-wide association study identifies two susceptibility loci for duodenal ulcer in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 2012; 44:430-4, S1-2. [PMID: 22387998 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Through a genome-wide association analysis with a total of 7,035 individuals with duodenal ulcer and 25,323 controls from Japan, we identified two susceptibility loci at the PSCA gene (encoding prostate stem cell antigen) at 8q24 and at the ABO blood group locus at 9q34. The C allele of rs2294008 at PSCA was associated with increased risk of duodenal ulcer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84; P = 3.92 × 10(-33)) in a recessive model but was associated with decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.79; P = 6.79 × 10(-12)), as reported previously. The T allele of rs2294008 encodes a translation initiation codon upstream of the reported site and changes protein localization from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. rs505922 at ABO was also associated with duodenal ulcer in a recessive model (OR = 1.32; P = 1.15 × 10(-10)). Our findings demonstrate a role for genetic variants in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Molecular genetics of the blood group I system and the regulation of I antigen expression during erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2012; 18:421-6. [PMID: 21912254 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32834baae9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The molecular genetics of the blood group I system and the regulation mechanism for I antigen expression in postnatal red blood cells are intriguing. This review summarizes their elucidation and recent findings. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating data from the molecular analysis of individuals with the adult i phenotype supports the proposed molecular genetic mechanism for the partial association of the adult i phenotype with congenital cataracts. Recent investigations have shown that the regulation of I antigen formation during erythropoiesis is determined by transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and the phosphorylation status of C/EBPα Ser-21 residue. SUMMARY The human I locus is organized such that it has an uncommon genetic architecture and expresses three different I transcript forms. The results obtained from molecular analysis of two adult i groups, with and without congenital cataracts, demonstrate that the molecular background accounts for the partial association between these two traits and suggest that an I gene defect may lead directly to the development of congenital cataracts. Analysis of the regulation for I antigen expression shows that the regulation during erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis share a common mechanism, with dephosphorylation of the Ser-21 residue on C/EBPα playing the critical role.
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98
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Taylor CJ, Bolton EM, Bradley JA. Immunological considerations for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell banking. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:2312-22. [PMID: 21727137 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell technology have generated enthusiasm for their potential to study and treat a diverse range of human disease. Pluripotent human stem cells for therapeutic use may, in principle, be obtained from two sources: embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are capable of extensive self-renewal and expansion and have the potential to differentiate into any somatic tissue, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are derived from differentiated tissue such as adult skin fibroblasts and appear to have the same properties and potential, but their generation is not dependent upon a source of embryos. The likelihood that clinical transplantation of hESC- or iPSC-derived tissues from an unrelated (allogeneic) donor that express foreign human leucocyte antigens (HLA) may undergo immunological rejection requires the formulation of strategies to attenuate the host immune response to transplanted tissue. In clinical practice, individualized iPSC tissue derived from the intended recipient offers the possibility of personalized stem cell therapy in which graft rejection would not occur, but the logistics of achieving this on a large scale are problematic owing to relatively inefficient reprogramming techniques and high costs. The creation of stem cell banks comprising HLA-typed hESCs and iPSCs is a strategy that is proposed to overcome the immunological barrier by providing HLA-matched (histocompatible) tissue for the target population. Estimates have shown that a stem cell bank containing around 10 highly selected cell lines with conserved homozygous HLA haplotypes would provide matched tissue for the majority of the UK population. These simulations have practical, financial, political and ethical implications for the establishment and design of stem cell banks incorporating cell lines with HLA types that are compatible with different ethnic populations throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Taylor
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. craig.taylor@addenbrookes
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Dominguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ. The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016;
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100
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Wu AM. Human blood group ABH/Ii, Le(a,b,x,y), and sialyl Le (a,x) glycotopes; internal structures; and immunochemical roles of human ovarian cyst glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:33-51. [PMID: 21618103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Wu
- Glyco-Immunochemistry Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan.
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