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Yuan L, Zhu Y, Lin ZQ, Banuelos G, Li W, Yin X. A novel selenocystine-accumulating plant in selenium-mine drainage area in Enshi, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65615. [PMID: 23750270 PMCID: PMC3672165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant samples of Cardamine hupingshanesis (Brassicaceae), Ligulariafischeri (Ledeb.) turcz (Steraceae) and their underlying top sediments were collected from selenium (Se) mine drainage areas in Enshi, China. Concentrations of total Se were measured using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS) and Se speciation were determined using liquid chromatography/UV irradiation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-UV-HG-AFS). The results showed that C. hupingshanesis could accumulate Se to 239±201 mg/kg DW in roots, 316±184 mg/kg DW in stems, and 380±323 mg/kg DW in leaves, which identifies it as Se secondary accumulator. Particularly, it could accumulate Se up to 1965±271 mg/kg DW in leaves, 1787±167 mg/kg DW in stem and 4414±3446 mg/kg DW in roots, living near Se mine tailing. Moreover, over 70% of the total Se accumulated in C. hupingshanesis were in the form of selenocystine (SeCys2), increasing with increased total Se concentration in plant, in contrast to selenomethionine (SeMet) in non-accumulators (eg. Arabidopsis) and secondary accumulators (eg. Brassica juncea), and selenomethylcysteine (SeMeCys) in hyperaccumulators (eg. Stanleya pinnata). There is no convincing explanation on SeCys2 accumulation in C. hupingshanesis based on current Se metabolism theory in higher plants, and further study will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Yuan
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Lin
- Environmental Sciences Program and Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gary Banuelos
- United States Department of Agriculture-ARS, Parlier, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Freeman JL, Marcus MA, Fakra SC, Devonshire J, McGrath SP, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium hyperaccumulator plants Stanleya pinnata and Astragalus bisulcatus are colonized by Se-resistant, Se-excluding wasp and beetle seed herbivores. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50516. [PMID: 23226523 PMCID: PMC3513300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator plants can concentrate the toxic element Se up to 1% of shoot (DW) which is known to protect hyperaccumulator plants from generalist herbivores. There is evidence for Se-resistant insect herbivores capable of feeding upon hyperaccumulators. In this study, resistance to Se was investigated in seed chalcids and seed beetles found consuming seeds inside pods of Se-hyperaccumulator species Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata. Selenium accumulation, localization and speciation were determined in seeds collected from hyperaccumulators in a seleniferous habitat and in seed herbivores. Astragalus bisulcatus seeds were consumed by seed beetle larvae (Acanthoscelides fraterculus Horn, Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and seed chalcid larvae (Bruchophagus mexicanus, Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Stanleya pinnata seeds were consumed by an unidentified seed chalcid larva. Micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µXANES) and micro-X-Ray Fluorescence mapping (µXRF) demonstrated Se was mostly organic C-Se-C forms in seeds of both hyperaccumulators, and S. pinnata seeds contained ∼24% elemental Se. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of Se-compounds in S. pinnata seeds detected the C-Se-C compound seleno-cystathionine while previous studies of A. bisulcatus seeds detected the C-Se-C compounds methyl-selenocysteine and γ-glutamyl-methyl-selenocysteine. Micro-XRF and µXANES revealed Se ingested from hyperaccumulator seeds redistributed throughout seed herbivore tissues, and portions of seed C-Se-C were biotransformed into selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenodiglutathione, selenate and selenite. Astragalus bisulcatus seeds contained on average 5,750 µg Se g(-1), however adult beetles and adult chalcid wasps emerging from A. bisulcatus seed pods contained 4-6 µg Se g(-1). Stanleya pinnata seeds contained 1,329 µg Se g(-1) on average; however chalcid wasp larvae and adults emerging from S. pinnata seed pods contained 9 and 47 µg Se g(-1). The results suggest Se resistant seed herbivores exclude Se, greatly reducing tissue accumulation; this explains their ability to consume high-Se seeds without suffering toxicity, allowing them to occupy the unique niche offered by Se hyperaccumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Freeman
- Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, United States of America.
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53
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Valdez Barillas JR, Quinn CF, Freeman JL, Lindblom SD, Fakra SC, Marcus MA, Gilligan TM, Alford ÉR, Wangeline AL, Pilon-Smits EA. Selenium distribution and speciation in the hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus and associated ecological partners. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1834-44. [PMID: 22645068 PMCID: PMC3425216 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.199307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate how plant selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation may affect ecological interactions and whether associated partners may affect Se hyperaccumulation. The Se hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus was collected in its natural seleniferous habitat, and x-ray fluorescence mapping and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy were used to characterize Se distribution and speciation in all organs as well as in encountered microbial symbionts and herbivores. Se was present at high levels (704-4,661 mg kg(-1) dry weight) in all organs, mainly as organic C-Se-C compounds (i.e. Se bonded to two carbon atoms, e.g. methylselenocysteine). In nodule, root, and stem, up to 34% of Se was found as elemental Se, which was potentially due to microbial activity. In addition to a nitrogen-fixing symbiont, the plants harbored an endophytic fungus that produced elemental Se. Furthermore, two Se-resistant herbivorous moths were discovered on A. bisulcatus, one of which was parasitized by a wasp. Adult moths, larvae, and wasps all accumulated predominantly C-Se-C compounds. In conclusion, hyperaccumulators live in association with a variety of Se-resistant ecological partners. Among these partners, microbial endosymbionts may affect Se speciation in hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulators have been shown earlier to negatively affect Se-sensitive ecological partners while apparently offering a niche for Se-resistant partners. Through their positive and negative effects on different ecological partners, hyperaccumulators may influence species composition and Se cycling in seleniferous ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stormy D. Lindblom
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Sirine C. Fakra
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Todd M. Gilligan
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Élan R. Alford
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Ami L. Wangeline
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
| | - Elizabeth A.H. Pilon-Smits
- Department of Biology (J.R.V.B., C.F.Q., S.D.L., E.A.H.P.S.), Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management (T.M.G.), and Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (E.R.A.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas 78224 (J.R.V.B.); Department of Biology California State University, Fresno, California 93740 (J.L.F.); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.C.F., M.A.M.); and Department of Biology, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82007 (A.L.W.)
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El Mehdawi AF, Cappa JJ, Fakra SC, Self J, Pilon-Smits EAH. Interactions of selenium hyperaccumulators and nonaccumulators during cocultivation on seleniferous or nonseleniferous soil--the importance of having good neighbors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:264-277. [PMID: 22269105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
• This study investigated how selenium (Se) affects relationships between Se hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator species, particularly how plants influence their neighbors' Se accumulation and growth. • Hyperaccumulators Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata and nonaccumulators Astragalus drummondii and Stanleya elata were cocultivated on seleniferous or nonseleniferous soil, or on gravel supplied with different selenate concentrations. The plants were analyzed for growth, Se accumulation and Se speciation. Also, root exudates were analyzed for Se concentration. • The hyperaccumulators showed 2.5-fold better growth on seleniferous than on nonseleniferous soil, and up to fourfold better growth with increasing Se supply; the nonaccumulators showed the opposite results. Both hyperaccumulators and nonaccumulators could affect growth (up to threefold) and Se accumulation (up to sixfold) of neighboring plants. Nonaccumulators S. elata and A. drummondii accumulated predominantly (88-95%) organic C-Se-C; the remainder was selenate. S. elata accumulated relatively more C-Se-C and less selenate when growing adjacent to S. pinnata. Both hyperaccumulators released selenocompounds from their roots. A. bisulcatus exudate contained predominantly C-Se-C compounds; no speciation data could be obtained for S. pinnata. • Thus, plants can affect Se accumulation in neighbors, and soil Se affects competition and facilitation between plants. This helps to explain why hyperaccumulators are found predominantly on seleniferous soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F El Mehdawi
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer J Cappa
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sirine C Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James Self
- Soil, Water and Plant Testing Laboratory, Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Kachout SS, Mansoura AB, Mechergui R, Leclerc JC, Rejeb MN, Ouerghi Z. Accumulation of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the halophyte plant Atriplex grown on polluted soil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:336-342. [PMID: 21935956 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three annual Atriplex species-A. hortensis var. purpurea, A. hortensis var. rubra and A. rosea-growing on soil with various levels of the heavy metals copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, have been investigated. RESULTS Metal accumulation by Atriplex plants differed among species, levels of polluted soil and tissues. Metals accumulated by Atriplex were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. The increased concentration of heavy metals in soil led to increases in heavy metal shoot and root concentrations of Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in plants as compared to those grown on unpolluted soil. Accumulation was higher in roots than shoots for all the heavy metals. None of the plants were suitable for phytoextraction because no hyperaccumulator was identified. However, plants with a high bioconcentration factor and low translocation factor have the potential for phytostabilization. Similarly, the correlation between metal concentrations and translocations in plants (BCFs and TFs) using a linear regression was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION Among the plants studied, var. purpurea was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Zn in its shoots, whereas var. rubra was most suitable for phytostabilization of sites contaminated with Cu and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sai Kachout
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 1060, Tunisia.
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
- High Technology Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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57
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El Mehdawi AF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Ecological aspects of plant selenium hyperaccumulation. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:1-10. [PMID: 22132825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulators are plants that accumulate toxic elements to extraordinary levels. Selenium (Se) hyperaccumulators can contain 0.1-1.5% of their dry weight as Se, levels toxic to most other organisms. In this review we summarise what is known about the ecological functions and implications of Se (hyper)accumulation by plants. Selenium promotes hyperaccumulator growth and also offers a plant several ecological advantages through negative effects on Se-sensitive partners. High tissue Se levels reduce herbivory and pathogen infection, and high-Se litter deposition can inhibit neighbouring plants. There is no evidence for a cost of hyperaccumulation in terms of reproductive functions or pollinator visitation. Hyperaccumulators offer a niche for Se-tolerant herbivores, pollinators, microbes and neighbouring plants. They may even facilitate these partners through Se enrichment: neighbouring plants with elevated Se levels enjoy enhanced growth and reduced herbivory. Through combined negative and positive effects on ecological partners, Se hyperaccumulators likely affect local plant, microbial and animal species composition and richness, favouring Se-tolerant species at different trophic levels. By locally concentrating Se and altering its chemical form, Se hyperaccumulators likely play an important role in Se entry into, and Se cycling through, seleniferous ecosystems. These findings are of significance since they provide insight into the ecological reverberations of Se hyperaccumulation, and shed light on the possible selection pressures that have led to the evolution of this fascinating phenomenon. Better ecological insight will also help in the management of seleniferous areas and the agricultural production of Se-rich crops for phytoremediation or biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F El Mehdawi
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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58
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Prins CN, Hantzis LJ, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Effects of selenium accumulation on reproductive functions in Brassica juncea and Stanleya pinnata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5633-40. [PMID: 21841173 PMCID: PMC3223055 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for many organisms, but is also a toxin and environmental pollutant at elevated levels. Due to its chemical similarity to sulphur, most plants readily take up and assimilate Se. Se accumulators such as Brassica juncea can accumulate Se between 0.01% and 0.1% of dry weight (DW), and Se hyperaccumulators such as Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaeae) contain between 0.1% and 1.5% DW of Se. While Se accumulation offers the plant a variety of ecological benefits, particularly protection from herbivory, its potential costs are still unexplored. This study examines the effects of plant Se levels on reproductive functions. In B. juncea, Se concentrations >0.05-0.1% caused decreases in biomass, pollen germination, individual seed and total seed weight, number of seeds produced, and seed germination. In S. pinnata there was no negative effect of increased Se concentration on pollen germination. In cross-pollination of B. juncea plants with different Se levels, both the maternal and paternal Se level affected reproduction, but the maternal Se concentration had the most pronounced effect. Interestingly, high-Se maternal plants were most efficiently pollinated by Se-treated paternal plants. These data provide novel insights into the potential reproductive costs of Se accumulation, interactive effects of Se in pollen grains and in the pistil, and the apparent evolution of physiological tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulators to avoid reproductive repercussions.
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Mechanisms of Cd Hyperaccumulation and Detoxification in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulators: How Plants Cope with Cd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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60
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El Mehdawi A, Quinn C, Pilon-Smits E. Selenium Hyperaccumulators Facilitate Selenium-Tolerant Neighbors via Phytoenrichment and Reduced Herbivory. Curr Biol 2011; 21:1440-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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61
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Wangeline AL, Valdez JR, Lindblom SD, Bowling KL, Reeves FB, Pilon-Smits EAH. Characterization of rhizosphere fungi from selenium hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccumulator plants along the eastern Rocky Mountain Front Range. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1139-47. [PMID: 21730338 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF STUDY Selenium-hyperaccumulator plants can store over 1% (dry mass) Se in their tissues, despite the toxicity of this element at high concentrations across eukaryotes. These levels of Se can have widespread effects on the plant's ecological partners, including herbivores and pathogens. Still other partners seem to have coevolved Se tolerance. This is the first known study addressing the rhizosphere mycoflora of Se hyperaccumulators and aims to evaluate the rhizospheric fungal diversity and Se tolerance to further the knowledge of how these organisms interact with their host plants and survive in these extreme habitats. METHODS Rhizosphere fungi were isolated from Se-hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plant species collected from five sites in Colorado and Wyoming; four seleniferous sites and one nonseleniferous site. 259 isolates were identified to genus or species and evaluated for Se tolerance. KEY RESULTS Among the 24 represented genera, 11 comprised 86% of the isolates. The majority of isolates from the seleniferous sites were unaffected by 10 mg·L(-1) Se, irrespective of host plant (hyperaccumulator vs. nonaccumulator), while rhizosphere fungi from a control, nonseleniferous site were highly sensitive to Se at 10 mg·L(-1) and as a group were significantly less (α = 0.05) tolerant than the isolates from the seleniferous sites. CONCLUSIONS Even though Se is a commonly used antifungal agent, these results suggest that rhizosphere fungi from seleniferous habitats have widespread Se tolerance, likely an adaptive advantage in their Se-rich habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami L Wangeline
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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62
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Petersen DD. Common plant toxicology: A comparison of national and Southwest Ohio data trends on plant poisonings in the 21st century. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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63
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El Mehdawi AF, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Effects of selenium hyperaccumulation on plant-plant interactions: evidence for elemental allelopathy? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:120-131. [PMID: 21371042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
• Few studies have investigated plant-plant interactions involving hyperaccumulator plants. Here, we investigated the effect of selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation on neighboring plants. • Soil and litter Se concentrations were determined around the hyperaccumulators Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata and around the nonhyperaccumulators Medicago sativa and Helianthus pumilus. We also compared surrounding vegetative cover, species composition and Se concentration in two plant species (Artemisia ludoviciana and Symphyotrichum ericoides) growing either close to or far from Se hyperaccumulators. Then, Arabidopsis thaliana germination and growth were compared on soils collected next to the hyperaccumulators and the nonhyperaccumulators. • Soil collected around hyperaccumulators contained more Se (up to 266 mg Se kg(-1) ) than soil collected around nonhyperaccumulators. Vegetative ground cover was 10% lower around Se hyperaccumulators compared with nonhyperaccumulators. The Se concentration was higher in neighboring species A. ludoviciana and S. ericoides when growing close to, compared with far from, Se hyperaccumulators. A. thaliana showed reduced germination and growth, and higher Se accumulation, when grown on soil collected around Se hyperaccumulators compared with soil collected around nonaccumulators. • In conclusion, Se hyperaccumulators may increase the surrounding soil Se concentration (phytoenrichment). The enhanced soil Se contents around hyperaccumulators can impair the growth of Se-sensitive plant species, pointing to a possible role of Se hyperaccumulation in elemental allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F El Mehdawi
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Colin F Quinn
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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64
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Farinati S, DalCorso G, Panigati M, Furini A. Interaction between selected bacterial strains and Arabidopsis halleri modulates shoot proteome and cadmium and zinc accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3433-47. [PMID: 21357773 PMCID: PMC3130167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plant-microbe interactions between the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and eight bacterial strains, isolated from the rhizosphere of A. halleri plants grown in a cadmium- and zinc-contaminated site, were analysed for shoot metal accumulation, shoot proteome, and the transcription of genes involved in plant metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. Cadmium and zinc concentrations were lower in the shoots of plants cultivated in the presence of these metals plus the selected bacterial strains compared with plants grown solely with these metals or, as previously reported, with plants grown with these metals plus the autochthonous rhizosphere-derived microorganisms. The shoot proteome of plants cultivated in the presence of these selected bacterial strains plus metals, showed an increased abundance of photosynthesis- and abiotic stress-related proteins (e.g. subunits of the photosynthetic complexes, Rubisco, superoxide dismutase, and malate dehydrogenase) counteracted by a decreased amount of plant defence-related proteins (e.g. endochitinases, vegetative storage proteins, and β-glucosidase). The transcription of several homeostasis genes was modulated by the microbial communities and by Cd and Zn content in the shoot. Altogether these results highlight the importance of plant-microbe interactions in plant protein expression and metal accumulation and emphasize the possibility of exploiting microbial consortia for increasing or decreasing shoot metal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Farinati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica ‘L. Malatesta’, Università di Milano Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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Valdez Barillas JR, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium accumulation in plants--phytotechnological applications and ecological implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13 Suppl 1:166-78. [PMID: 22046758 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for many organisms including humans, yet toxic at higher levels. Both Se deficiency and toxicity are problems worldwide. Since plants readily accumulate and volatilize Se, they may be used both as a source of dietary Se and for removing excess Se from the environment. Plant species differ in their capacity to metabolize and accumulate Se, from non-Se accumulators (< 100 mg Se/kg DW), to Se-accumulators (100-1000 mg Se/kg DW) to Se hyperaccumulators (> 1,000 mg Se/kg DW). Here we review plant mechanisms of Se metabolism in these various plant types. We also summarize results from genetic engineering that have led to enhanced plant Se accumulation, volatilization, and/or tolerance, including field studies. Before using Se-accumulating plants at a large scale we need to evaluate the ecological implications. Research so far indicates that plant Se accumulation significantly affects the plant's ecological interactions below and above ground. Selenium canprotect plants from fungal pathogens and from a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores, due to both deterrence and toxicity. However, specialist (Se-tolerant herbivores), detritivores and endophytes appear to utilize Se hyperaccumulator plants as a resource. These findings are relevant for managing phytoremediation of Se and similar elements.
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66
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Bañuelos GS, Dhillon KS. Developing a sustainable phytomanagement strategy for excessive selenium in western United States and India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13 Suppl 1:208-28. [PMID: 22046761 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytomanagement technology is recognized as an inexpensive and environmental friendly strategy for managing natural-occurring selenium (Se) in soils and in poor quality waters. Multi-year field and greenhouse studies were conducted with different plant species in California, USA and Punjab, India under high Se growing conditions. Some of the plant species included; canola (Brassica napus), mustard (B. juncea), broccoli (B. oleracea), spearmint (Mentha viridis), sugarcane (Saccharum officcinarum), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and poplar (Populus deltoides). California soils had a sodium-sulfate-dominated salinity between 6-10 dS m(-1), while Indian soils had a calcium carbonate salinity less than 1 dS m(-1). Results demonstrated that high sulfate conditions reduced plant Se accumulation more than 100 x in Californian grown plants compared to Se accumulation in Indian grown plants. Tissue concentrations generally did not exceed 10 and 200 mg kg DM(-1) in leaves of plants grown in California and India, respectively. At these plant concentrations, Se phytomanagement is more effective in Indian soils than in California soils. Successful management of Se by plants requires selecting crops or crop rotations that are tolerant of the soil condition and identifying and creating new viable Se-enriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bañuelos
- USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, Parlier, California, USA 93648, USA.
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67
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Golubkina N, Skriabin K. Anomalous accumulation of selenium by genetically modified potato, stable to Colorado beetle. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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68
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69
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Ogra Y, Okubo E, Takahira M. Distinct uptake of tellurate from selenate in a selenium accumulator, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Metallomics 2010; 2:328-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c000088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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70
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Farinati S, DalCorso G, Bona E, Corbella M, Lampis S, Cecconi D, Polati R, Berta G, Vallini G, Furini A. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis halleri shoots in response to the heavy metals cadmium and zinc and rhizosphere microorganisms. Proteomics 2009; 9:4837-50. [PMID: 19810031 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis halleri has the rare ability to colonize heavy metal-polluted sites and is an emerging model for research on adaptation and metal hyperaccumulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of plant-microbe interaction on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in shoots of an ecotype of A. halleri grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil and to compare the shoot proteome of plants grown solely in the presence of Cd and Zn or in the presence of these two metals and the autochthonous soil rhizosphere-derived microorganisms. The results of this analysis emphasized the role of plant-microbe interaction in shoot metal accumulation. Differences in protein expression pattern, identified by a proteomic approach involving 2-DE and MS, indicated a general upregulation of photosynthesis-related proteins in plants exposed to metals and to metals plus microorganisms, suggesting that metal accumulation in shoots is an energy-demanding process. The analysis also showed that proteins involved in plant defense mechanisms were downregulated indicating that heavy metals accumulation in leaves supplies a protection system and highlights a cross-talk between heavy metal signaling and defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Farinati
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Freeman JL, Quinn CF, Lindblom SD, Klamper EM, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium protects the hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata against black-tailed prairie dog herbivory in native seleniferous habitats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2009; 96:1075-85. [PMID: 21628258 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0800287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Elemental hyperaccumulation in plants is hypothesized to represent a plant defense mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine whether selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation offers plants long-term protection from the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). Prairie dogs are a keystone species. The hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata (prince's plume) co-occurs with prairie dogs in seleniferous areas in the western United States. Stanleya pinnata plants pretreated with high or low Se concentrations were planted on two prairie dog towns with different levels of herbivory pressure, and herbivory of these plants was monitored over 2 years. Throughout this study, plants with elevated Se levels suffered less herbivory and survived better than plants with low leaf Se concentrations. This study indicates that the Se in hyperaccumulator S. pinnata protects the plant in its natural habitat from herbivory by the black-tailed prairie dog. The results from this study support the hypothesis that herbivory by prairie dogs or similar small mammals has been a contributing selection pressure for the evolution of plant Se hyperaccumulation in North America. This study is the first to test the ecological significance of hyperaccumulation over a long period in a hyperaccumulator's natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Freeman
- Biology Department, Program in Molecular Plant Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
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72
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Hyperaccumulators and Herbivores—A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Feeding Choice Trials. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:289-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Seitomer E, Balar B, He D, Copeland PR, Kinzy TG. Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae null allele strains identifies a larger role for DNA damage versus oxidative stress pathways in growth inhibition by selenium. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1305-15. [PMID: 18496816 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Selenium toxicity is a growing environmental concern due to widespread availability of high-dose selenium supplements and the development of high-selenium agricultural drainage basins. To begin to analyze the effects of selenium toxicity at the genetic level, we have systematically determined which genes are involved in responding to high environmental selenium using a collection of viable haploid null allele strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae representing three major stress pathways: the RAD9-dependent DNA repair pathway, the RAD6/RAD18 DNA damage tolerance pathway, and the oxidative stress pathway. A total of 53 null allele strains were tested for growth defects in the presence of a range of sodium selenite and selenomethionine (SeMet) concentrations. Our results show that approximately 64-72% of the strains lacking RAD9-dependent DNA repair or RAD6/RAD18 DNA damage tolerance pathway genes show reduced growth in sodium selenite versus approximately 28-36% in SeMet. Interestingly both compounds reduced growth in approximately 21-25% of the strains lacking oxidative stress genes. These data suggest that both selenite and SeMet are likely inducing DNA damage by generating reactive species. The anticipated effects of loss of components of the oxidative stress pathway were not observed, likely due to apparent redundancies in these gene products that may keep the damaging effects in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Seitomer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJ 08854-5635, USA
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Ian Woodward F, Slater H. A plant science network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:919-921. [PMID: 19702774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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75
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Galeas ML, Klamper EM, Bennett LE, Freeman JL, Kondratieff BC, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium hyperaccumulation reduces plant arthropod loads in the field. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 177:715-724. [PMID: 18028291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The elemental defense hypothesis proposes that some plants hyperaccumulate toxic elements as a defense mechanism. In this study the effectiveness of selenium (Se) as an arthropod deterrent was investigated under field conditions. Arthropod loads were measured over two growing seasons in Se hyperaccumulator habitats in Colorado, USA, comparing Se hyperaccumulator species (Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata) with nonhyperaccumulators (Camelina microcarpa, Astragalus americanus, Descurainia pinnata, Medicago sativa, and Helianthus pumilus). The Se hyperaccumulating plant species, which contained 1000-14 000 microg Se g(-1) DW, harbored significantly fewer arthropods (c. twofold) and fewer arthropod species (c. 1.5-fold) compared with nonhyperaccumulator species that contained < 30 microg Se g(-1) DW. Arthropods collected on Se-hyperaccumulating plants contained three- to 10-fold higher Se concentrations than those found on nonhyperaccumulating species, but > 10-fold lower Se concentrations than their hyperaccumulator hosts. Several arthropod species contained > 100 microg Se g(-1) DW, indicating Se tolerance and perhaps feeding specialization. These results support the elemental defense hypothesis and suggest that invertebrate herbivory may have contributed to the evolution of Se hyperaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam L Galeas
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Erin M Klamper
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lindsay E Bennett
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John L Freeman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Boris C Kondratieff
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Colin F Quinn
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Sorensen
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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77
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Ogra Y. Integrated strategies for identification of selenometabolites in animal and plant samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:1685-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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