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Wang W, Chen J, Mao J, Li H, Wang M, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Genistein Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Targeting the Thromboxane A 2 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5853-5859. [PMID: 29771124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now a public health issue worldwide, but no drug has yet received approval. Genistein, an isoflavonoid derived from soybean, ameliorates high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD in mice, but the molecular underpinnings remain largely elusive. Arachidonic acid (AA) is a major ingredient of animal fats, and the AA cascade has been implicated in chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether genistein was against NAFLD by targeting the AA cascade. Using a mouse model, we showed that genistein supplementation improved high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD by normalizing hepatomegaly, liver steatosis, aminotransferase abnormalities, and glucose tolerance. The thromboxane A2 (TXA2) pathway was aberrantly active in NAFLD, evidenced by an elevation of circulating TXA2 and hepatic thromboxane A2 receptor expression. Mechanistically, we found that genistein directly targeted cyclooxygenase-1 activity as well as its downstream TXA2 biosynthesis, while the TXA2 pathway might mediate NAFLD progression by impairing insulin sensitivity. Taken together, our study revealed a crucial pathophysiological role of the TXA2 pathway in NAFLD and provided an explanation as to how genistein was against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan 471003 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , People's Republic of China
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52
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Lescano CH, Freitas de Lima F, Mendes-Silvério CB, Justo AFO, da Silva Baldivia D, Vieira CP, Sanjinez-Argandoña EJ, Cardoso CAL, Mónica FZ, Pires de Oliveira I. Effect of Polyphenols From Campomanesia adamantium on Platelet Aggregation and Inhibition of Cyclooxygenases: Molecular Docking and in Vitro Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 29946259 PMCID: PMC6005896 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campomanesia adamantium is a medicinal plant of the Brazilian Cerrado. Different parts of its fruits are used in popular medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatism, urinary tract infections and inflammations. Despite its widespread use by the local population, the mechanisms involving platelet aggregation and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase by C. adamantium are unknown. This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant activities and potential benefits of the C. adamantium peel extract (CAPE) and its components in the platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid in platelet-rich plasma. Aspects of the pharmacological mechanism were investigated as follows: platelet viability, calcium mobilization, levels of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, thromboxane B2 levels, and the inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 were studied in vitro and using molecular docking in the catalytic domain of these proteins. The major CAPE constituents standing out from the chemical analysis are the flavonoids, namely those of the flavones and chalcones class. The results showed that CAPE, quercetin and myricetin significantly decreased arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation; the assays showed that CAPE and quercetin decreased the mobilization of calcium and thromboxane B2 levels in platelets and increased cAMP and cGMP levels. Moreover, CAPE inhibited the activity of COX-1 and COX-2, highlighting that quercetin could potentially prevent the access of arachidonic acid more to the catalytic site of COX-1 than COX-2. These results highlight CAPE’s potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto F O Justo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Débora da Silva Baldivia
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia A L Cardoso
- Center for Natural Resource Studies, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivan Pires de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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53
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Wang L, Lanka L, Chen D, Pruthi RK. Severe postoperative hemorrhage in a patient on dietary and herbal supplements. J Perioper Pract 2018; 28:263-266. [PMID: 29888990 DOI: 10.1177/1750458918780112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a patient with severe postoperative bleeding complication, secondary to dietary and herbal supplements induced platelet dysfunction. This case demonstrates the importance of preoperative assessment which includes questioning the patient with regards to their dietary and herbal supplements and of stressing the importance of discontinuing them prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- 1 Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lavanya Lanka
- 2 Visiting Medical Student at the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Ms Lanka is currently applying for residency training position
| | - Dong Chen
- 1 Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rajiv K Pruthi
- 1 Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,3 Comprehensive Hemophilia Center, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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54
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Hadianawala M, Mahapatra AD, Yadav JK, Datta B. Molecular docking, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics studies of azaisoflavone as dual COX-2 inhibitors and TP receptor antagonists. J Mol Model 2018; 24:69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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55
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Applová L, Karlíčková J, Říha M, Filipský T, Macáková K, Spilková J, Mladěnka P. The isoflavonoid tectorigenin has better antiplatelet potential than acetylsalicylic acid. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 35:11-17. [PMID: 28991640 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One reason for the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries may be the high intake of isoflavonoids and their antiplatelet effects may be an important factor. To date, there is limited comparison of a range of isoflavonoids and knowledge of their effects at different levels of platelet aggregation. PURPOSE To screen the antiplatelet effects of a number of isoflavonoids on the arachidonic acid based aggregation pathway and investigate how the antiplatelet activity might occur. METHODS The antiplatelet effects were first screened in whole human blood where platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid. Further analysis was targeted at search of the mechanism of action. RESULTS Thirteen of the eighteen tested isoflavonoids had significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in whole human blood. Genistein had the same potency as clinically used acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) while tectorigenin was clearly stronger than ASA. Further analyses showed that the effect of tectorigenin was not based on inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 in contrast to ASA or thromboxane synthase but by competitive antagonism at thromboxane receptors. CONCLUSION Tectorigenin is a more potent antiplatelet compound than ASA and thus an interesting substance for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Říha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Filipský
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Spilková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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56
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Tu F, Pang Q, Chen X, Huang T, Liu M, Zhai Q. Angiogenic effects of apigenin on endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation via the caveolin-1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1639-1648. [PMID: 29039442 PMCID: PMC5716406 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether apigenin contributes to the induction of angiogenesis and the related mechanisms in cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The role of apigenin was examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) viability, migration and tube formation in vitro. To investigate the related mechanisms, we used caveolin-1 short interfering RNA. The viability of HUVECs was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, HUVEC migration was analyzed by crystal violet staining, and a tube formation assay was performed using the branch point method. Expression of caveolin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in HUVECs was examined by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Our data revealed that apigenin induced angiogenesis in vitro by increasing the tube formation ability of HUVECs, which was counteracted by caveolin-1 silencing. Compared to the NC group, Caveolin-1 and eNOS expression was upregulated by apigenin, whereas compared to the NC group, eNOS expression was increased upon caveolin-1 silencing. The expression of VEGF was increased by treatment with apigenin; however, compared to the NC group, caveolin-1 silencing did not affect VEGF expression, and apigenin did not increase VEGF expression in HUVECs after caveolin-1 silencing. These data suggest that apigenin may be a candidate therapeutic target for stroke recovery by promoting angiogenesis via the caveolin-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Tu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiongyi Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiongxiang Zhai
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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57
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58
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Hossen MS, Ali MY, Jahurul MHA, Abdel-Daim MM, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Beneficial roles of honey polyphenols against some human degenerative diseases: A review. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1194-1205. [PMID: 29128800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Honey contains many active constituents and antioxidants such as polyphenols. Polyphenols are phytochemicals, a generic term for the several thousand plant-based molecules with antioxidant properties. Many in vitro studies in human cell cultures as well as many animal studies confirm the protective effect of polyphenols on a number of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases and so on. Nevertheless, it is challenging to identify the specific biological mechanism underlying individual polyphenols and to determine how polyphenols impact human health. To date, several studies have attempted to elucidate the molecular pathway for specific polyphenols acting against particular diseases. In this review, we report on the various polyphenols present in different types of honey according to their classification, source, and specific functions and discuss several of the honey polyphenols with the most therapeutic potential to exert an effect on the various pathologies of some major diseases including CVD, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sakib Hossen
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Yousuf Ali
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M H A Jahurul
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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59
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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60
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Faggio C, Sureda A, Morabito S, Sanches-Silva A, Mocan A, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Flavonoids and platelet aggregation: A brief review. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
It is well known that cocoa and dark chocolate possess polyphenols as major constituents whose dietary consumption has been associated to beneficial effects. In fact, cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities switching on some important signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription. In particular, cocoa polyphenols induce release of nitric oxide (NO) through activation of endothelial NO synthase which, in turn, accounts for vasodilation and cardioprotective effects. In the light of the above described properties, a number of clinical trials based on the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate have been conducted in healthy subjects as well as in different categories of patients, such as those affected by cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal, and metabolic pathologies. Even if data are not always concordant, modifications of biomarkers of disease are frequently associated to improvement of clinical manifestations. Quite interestingly, following cocoa and dark chocolate ingestion, cocoa polyphenols also modulate intestinal microbiota, thus leading to the growth of bacteria that trigger a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory pathway in the host. Finally, many evidences encourage the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate by aged people for the recovery of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Fondazione San Raffaele, Ceglie Messapica, Italy
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62
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Xiao J. Dietary flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides: Which show better biological significance? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1874-1905. [PMID: 26176651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1032400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dietary flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are the most vital phytochemicals in diets and are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. The natural flavonoids almost all exist as their O-glycoside or C-glycoside forms in plants. In this review, we summarized the existing knowledge on the different biological benefits and pharmacokinetic behaviors between flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides. Due to various conclusions from different flavonoid types and health/disease conditions, it is very difficult to draw general or universally applicable comments regarding the impact of glycosylation on the biological benefits of flavonoids. It seems as though O-glycosylation generally reduces the bioactivity of these compounds - this has been observed for diverse properties including antioxidant activity, antidiabetes activity, anti-inflammation activity, antibacterial, antifungal activity, antitumor activity, anticoagulant activity, antiplatelet activity, antidegranulating activity, antitrypanosomal activity, influenza virus neuraminidase inhibition, aldehyde oxidase inhibition, immunomodulatory, and antitubercular activity. However, O-glycosylation can enhance certain types of biological benefits including anti-HIV activity, tyrosinase inhibition, antirotavirus activity, antistress activity, antiobesity activity, anticholinesterase potential, antiadipogenic activity, and antiallergic activity. However, there is a lack of data for most flavonoids, and their structures vary widely. There is also a profound lack of data on the impact of C-glycosylation on flavonoid biological benefits, although it has been demonstrated that in at least some cases C-glycosylation has positive effects on properties that may be useful in human healthcare such as antioxidant and antidiabetes activity. Furthermore, there is a lack of in vivo data that would make it possible to make broad generalizations concerning the influence of glycosylation on the benefits of flavonoids for human health. It is possible that the effects of glycosylation on flavonoid bioactivity in vitro may differ from that seen in vivo. With in vivo (oral) treatment, flavonoid glycosides showed similar or even higher antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antidegranulating, antistress, and antiallergic activity than their flavonoid aglycones. Flavonoid glycosides keep higher plasma levels and have a longer mean residence time than those of aglycones. We should pay more attention to in vivo benefits of flavonoid glycosides, especially C-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiao
- a Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau , Taipa , Macau.,b Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , Würzburg , Germany
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63
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Fuentes M, Sepúlveda C, Alarcón M, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Buddleja globosa (matico) prevents collagen-induced platelet activation by decreasing phospholipase C-gamma 2 and protein kinase C phosphorylation signaling. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:66-71. [PMID: 29321991 PMCID: PMC5755983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Medicinal plants could be one of the most important factors that influence risks for platelet activation. Buddleja globosa (known as “matico”) is a medicinal plant with many biological activities. The high content of polyphenols suggest that matico could have antiplatelet activity. The present study was aimed at evaluating mechanisms of antiplatelet action of an extract of matico. We demonstrated that matico extract at low concentrations and in a concentration dependent manner (0.05–1 mg/mL) was a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation in response to collagen, convulsion and ADP (IC50 values was 61 μg/mL, 72 μg/mL and 290 μg/mL, respectively). In this sense matico extract exerted the greatest antiaggregant activity induced by collagen. Similarly, matico showed a decrease in % of positive platelet for P-selectina (vehicle, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL were 32 ± 2%, 29 ± 2 (p < 0.05), 19 ± 1 (p < 0.01), 15 ± 2 (p < 0.01), 10 ± 1% (p < 0.01) and 7 ± 2% (p < 0.01), respectively) and PAC-1 binding (vehicle, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL were 59 ± 1, 58 ± 3 (n.s), 55 ± 2 (p < 0.05), 50 ± 2 (p < 0.01), 38 ± 1 (p < 0.01), 36 ± 2 (p < 0.01). The cellular mechanism for the antiplatelet activity of matico might be mediated by the inhibition of phospholipase C-gamma 2 and protein kinase C phosphorylation. This beneficial property of matico may be of importance in thrombosis, in which platelet activation and aggregation are important determinants of thrombus initiation and development, and may contribute to the beneficial effects of matico intake in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cesar Sepúlveda
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile.,Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Abstract
CVD remain the leading cause of death globally. Effective dietary strategies for their reduction are of high priority. Increasing evidence suggests that phytochemicals, particularly dietary flavonoids and nitrates, are key modulators of CVD risk reduction through impact on multiple risk factors. The aim of this review is to explore the evidence for the impact of flavonoid- and nitrate-rich foods and supplements on CVD risk, with specific reference to their importance as mediators of vascular health and platelet function. There is accumulating evidence to support benefits of dietary flavonoids on cardiovascular health. Dose-dependent recovery of endothelial function and lowering of blood pressure have been reported for the flavanol (-)-epicatechin, found in cocoa, apples and tea, through production and availability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, flavonoids, including quercetin and its metabolites, reduce in vitro and ex vivo platelet function via inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent cellular signalling pathways, although further in vivo studies are required to substantiate these mechanistic effects. Hypotensive effects of dietary nitrates have been consistently reported in healthy subjects in acute and chronic settings, although there is less evidence for these effects in patient groups. Proposed mechanisms of actions include endothelial-independent NO availability, which is dependent on the entro-salivary circulation and microbial conversion of dietary nitrate to nitrite in the mouth. In conclusion, flavonoid- and nitrate-rich foods show promising effects on vascular function, yet further randomly controlled studies are required to confirm these findings and to determine effective doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Alex Stainer
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR),University of Reading,Whiteknights,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Ditte A Hobbs
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
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Kim JH, Lee J, Kang S, Moon H, Chung KH, Kim KR. Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of the Extract of Lindera obtusiloba Leaves. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:659-664. [PMID: 27302963 PMCID: PMC5098546 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba has been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of blood stasis and inflammation. The leaves of Lindera obtusiloba have been reported to exhibit various physiological activities. However, there is little information available on their antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lindera obtusiloba leaf extract (LLE) on platelet activities, coagulation and thromboembolism. In a platelet aggregation study, LLE significantly inhibited various agonist-induced platelet aggregations in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, LLE significantly inhibited collagen-induced thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production in rat platelets. In addition, oral administration of LLE was protective in a mouse model of pulmonary thromboembolism induced by intravenous injection of a mixture of collagen and epinephrine. Interestingly, LLE did not significantly alter prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This study indicates that the antithrombotic effects of LLE might be due to its antiplatelet activities rather than anticoagulation. Taken together, these results suggest that LLE may be a candidate preventive and therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases associated with platelet hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Research Center, Yang Ji Chemical, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Soouk Kang
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsik Moon
- Research Center, Yang Ji Chemical, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Chung
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Rak Kim
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Republic of Korea
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van Hunsel F, van de Koppel S, van Puijenbroek E. Post-Menopausal Vaginal Hemorrhage Related to the Use of a Hop-Containing Phytotherapeutic Product. DRUG SAFETY - CASE REPORTS 2016; 2:14. [PMID: 27747726 PMCID: PMC5005623 DOI: 10.1007/s40800-015-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two 54-year-old women developed abdominal cramps and vaginal hemorrhage as a result of endometrial hyperplasia during treatment with a hop-containing phytotherapeutic product (MenoCool®) for post-menopausal complaints. The women used the hop-containing phytotherapeutic product (418 mg of hop per tablet) twice daily (1 and 0.5 tablets by both patient A and B). Patient A developed abdominal cramps and vaginal hemorrhage after 2 months of use. After gynecological examination, she was diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. The patient was treated with a curettage. The hop-containing phytotherapeutic product was discontinued, and the patient recovered. Patient B developed abdominal pain/cramps and vaginal hemorrhage after 5 months of use. A cervix smear, internal examination, and ultrasound were performed. Due to the thickness of the endometrium, a pipelle endometrial biopsy was performed. Results showed no indication for cervix cancer. The use of MenoCool® was ceased; follow-up information received from the patient shortly thereafter indicated that she had almost entirely recovered from the abdominal pain/cramps and vaginal hemorrhage. Hop (Humulus lupulus) has phytoestrogenic properties that may be the cause of endometrial hyperplasia and subsequent vaginal hemorrhage. A Naranjo assessment score of 5 was obtained for both cases, indicating a probable relationship between the patient's endometrial proliferation and subsequent vaginal hemorrhage and their use of the suspect drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence van Hunsel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja van de Koppel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Eugène van Puijenbroek
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kokkou E, Siasos G, Georgiopoulos G, Oikonomou E, Verveniotis A, Vavuranakis M, Zisimos K, Plastiras A, Kollia ME, Stefanadis C, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. The impact of dietary flavonoid supplementation on smoking-induced inflammatory process and fibrinolytic impairment. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:266-272. [PMID: 27428294 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking is associated with increased inflammatory process and impairment of fibrinolytic status. Concord grape juice (CGJ), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the impact of CGJ on smoking-induced impairment of inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in healthy smokers. METHODS We studied the effect of a 2-week oral treatment with CGJ in 26 healthy smokers on three occasions (day 0: baseline, day 7 and day 14) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. Measurements were carried out before (pSm) and 20 min after (Sm20) cigarette smoking. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured as markers of inflammatory and fibrinolytic status, respectively. RESULTS Treatment with CGJ reduced pSm sICAM-1 levels (p < 0.001), while placebo had no impact on ICAM-1 levels (p = 0.31). Moreover, treatment with CGJ decreased pSm values of PAI-1 (p < 0.001) while placebo had no impact on PAI-1 levels (p = 0.89). Smoking induced an elevation in PAI-1 levels after smoking compared to pro-smoking levels in all study days and in both arms (CGJ and placebo) of the study (p < 0.001 for all). Interestingly, CGJ compared to placebo, attenuated the acute smoking increase in sICAM-1 and PAI-1 levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005 respectively). CONCLUSIONS CGJ consumption improved inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in healthy smokers and attenuated acute smoking induced increase in ICAM-1 and PAI-1 levels. These findings shed further light on the favorable effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kokkou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksis Verveniotis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zisimos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Plastiras
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kollia
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Ben-Arye E, Samuels N, Goldstein LH, Mutafoglu K, Omran S, Schiff E, Charalambous H, Dweikat T, Ghrayeb I, Bar-Sela G, Turker I, Hassan A, Hassan E, Saad B, Nimri O, Kebudi R, Silbermann M. Potential risks associated with traditional herbal medicine use in cancer care: A study of Middle Eastern oncology health care professionals. Cancer 2015; 122:598-610. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Ben-Arye
- Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service and Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services; Haifa and Western Galilee District Israel
- Complementary and Traditional Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Noah Samuels
- Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service and Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services; Haifa and Western Galilee District Israel
- Tal Center for Integrative Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | | | - Kamer Mutafoglu
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, Dokuz Eylul University; Inciralti Izmir Turkey
| | - Suha Omran
- Faculty of Nursing; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Elad Schiff
- Department of Internal Medicine and Integrative Medicine Service; Bnai-Zion Hospital; Haifa Israel
- Department for Complementary Medicine, Law and Ethics, The International Center for Health, Law and Ethics; Haifa University; Israel
| | | | - Tahani Dweikat
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City; Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus; Haifa Israel
| | - Ibrahim Turker
- Dr. A.Y Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Azza Hassan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research; Doha Qatar
| | - Esmat Hassan
- Botany Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Bashar Saad
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academy; Baqa El-Gharbia Israel
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Arab American University; Jenin Palestinian Authority
| | - Omar Nimri
- Department of Cancer Prevention; Ministry of Health; Amman Jordan
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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69
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Sánchez Guiu IM, Martínez-Martinez I, Martínez C, Navarro-Fernandez J, García-Candel F, Ferrer-Marín F, Vicente V, Watson SP, Andrews RK, Gardiner EE, Lozano ML, Rivera J. An atypical IgM class platelet cold agglutinin induces GPVI-dependent aggregation of human platelets. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:313-24. [PMID: 25994029 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet cold agglutinins (PCA) cause pseudothrombocytopenia, spurious thrombocytopenia due to ex vivo platelet clumping, complicating clinical diagnosis, but mechanisms and consequences of PCA are not well defined. Here, we characterised an atypical immunoglobulin (Ig)M PCA in a 37-year-old woman with lifelong bleeding and chronic moderate thrombocytopenia, that induces activation and aggregation of autologous or allogeneic platelets via interaction with platelet glycoprotein (GP)VI. Patient temperature-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia was EDTA-independent, but was prevented by integrin αIIbβ3 blockade. Unstimulated patient platelets revealed elevated levels of bound IgM, increased expression of activation markers (P-selectin and CD63), low GPVI levels and abnormally high thromboxane (TX)A2 production. Patient serum induced temperature- and αIIbβ3-dependent decrease of platelet count in allogeneic donor citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP), but not in PRP from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia or afibrinogenaemia patients. In allogeneic platelets, patient plasma induced shape change, P-selectin and CD63 expression, (14)C-serotonin release, and TXA2 production. Activation was not inhibited by aspirin, cangrelor or blocking anti-Fc receptor (FcγRIIA) antibody, but was abrogated by inhibitors of Src and Syk, and by a soluble GPVI-Fc fusion protein. GPVI-deficient platelets were not activated by patient plasma. These data provide the first evidence for an IgM PCA causing platelet activation/aggregation via GPVI. The PCA activity persisted over a five-year follow-up period, supporting a causative role in patient chronic thrombocytopenia and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M L Lozano
- María Luisa Lozano, MD, PhD, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, C/ Ronda de Garay s/n, Murcia, 30003, Spain, Tel.: +34 968341990, Fax: +34 96826191, E-mail:
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70
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Biotransformations and biological activities of hop flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1063-90. [PMID: 25708386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female hop cones are used extensively in the brewing industry, but there is now increasing interest in possible uses of hops for non-brewing purposes, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Among pharmaceutically important compounds from hops are flavonoids, having proven anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. In this review we aim to present current knowledge on the biotransformation of flavonoids from hop cones with respect to products, catalysis and conversion. A list of microbial enzymatic reactions associated with gastrointestinal microbiota is presented. A comparative analysis of the biological activities of hop flavonoids and their biotransformation products is described, indicating where further research has potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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71
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Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J, Majewski S, Pytkowska K. Influence of Polyphenols on the Physiological Processes in the Skin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:509-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratz-Łyko
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
| | - Jacek Arct
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
| | - Sławomir Majewski
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Medical University of Warsaw; Koszykowa 82 A 02-008 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pytkowska
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
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Panizzon GP, Bueno FG, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Preparation of Spray-Dried Soy Isoflavone-Loaded Gelatin Microspheres for Enhancement of Dissolution: Formulation, Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:599-615. [PMID: 25494200 PMCID: PMC4279135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most bioactive soy isoflavones (SI), daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN) have poor water solubility, which reduces their bioavailability and health benefits and limits their use in industry. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a new gelatin matrix to microencapsulate DAI and GEN from soy extract (SE) by spray drying, in order to obtain solid dispersions to overcome solubility problems and to allow controlled release. The influences of 1:2 (MP2) and 1:3 (MP3) SE/polymer ratios on the solid state, yield, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, release kinetics and cumulative release were evaluated. Analyses showed integral microparticles and high drug content. MP3 and MP2 yield were 43.6% and 55.9%, respectively, with similar mean size (p > 0.05), respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed the amorphous solid state of SE. In vitro release tests showed that dissolution was drastically increased. The results indicated that SE microencapsulation might offer a good system to control SI release, as an alternative to improve bioavailability and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean Pier Panizzon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Giacomini Bueno
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, PR, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, PR, Brazil.
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, PR, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Prado Dias Filho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, PR, Brazil.
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73
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Xiao J, Chen T, Cao H. WITHDRAWN: Flavonoid glycosylation and biological benefits. Biotechnol Adv 2014:S0734-9750(14)00092-5. [PMID: 24858477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai 200234, China; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Anhui Academy of Applied Technology, Suixi Road 312, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China.
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74
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Miller CH, Rice AS, Garrett K, Stein SF. Gender, race and diet affect platelet function tests in normal subjects, contributing to a high rate of abnormal results. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:842-53. [PMID: 24617520 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To assess sources of variability in platelet function tests in normal subjects, 64 healthy young adults were tested on 2-6 occasions at 2 week intervals using four methods: platelet aggregation (AGG) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the Bio/Data PAP-4 Aggregometer (BD) and Chrono-Log Lumi-Aggregometer (CL); and AGG in whole blood (WB) in the CL and Multiplate Platelet Function Analyser (MP), with ATP release (REL) in CL-PRP and CL-WB. Food and medication exposures were recorded prospectively for 2 weeks prior to each blood draw. At least one AGG abnormality was seen in 21% of 81 drug-free specimens with CL-PRP, 15% with CL-WB, 13% with BD-PRP and 6% with MP-WB, increasing with inclusion of REL to 28% for CL-PRP and 30% for CL-WB. Epinephrine AGG and REL were significantly reduced in males (P < 0·0001). Ristocetin AGG and collagen and thrombin REL were significantly reduced in Blacks (P < 0·0001). One-third of specimens drawn following flavonoid-rich food exposures had aberrant results, compared to 8·5% of specimens without such exposures (P = 0·0035). PRP tests had less intra-individual variation than WB tests. Gender, race, diet and test system affected results of platelet function testing in healthy subjects, suggesting caution when interpreting the results of platelet function testing in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie H Miller
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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75
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Antiplatelet effects of natural bioactive compounds by multiple targets: Food and drug interactions. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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76
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Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Palomo I. Mechanism of the anti-platelet effect of natural bioactive compounds: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors activation. Platelets 2013; 25:471-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.849334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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77
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Relationship between Platelet PPARs, cAMP Levels, and P-Selectin Expression: Antiplatelet Activity of Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:861786. [PMID: 24324520 PMCID: PMC3845334 DOI: 10.1155/2013/861786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are no longer considered simply as cells participating in thrombosis. In atherosclerosis, platelets are regulators of multiple processes, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells towards the lesion sites, inflammatory mediators release, and regulation of endothelial function. The antiplatelet therapy has been used for a long time in an effort to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. However, limited efficacy in some patients, drug resistance, and side effects are limitations of current antiplatelet therapy. In this context, a large number of natural products (polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids) have been reported with antiplatelet activity. In this sense, the present paper describes mechanisms of antiplatelet action of natural products on platelet P-selectin expression through cAMP levels and its role as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists.
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78
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Vaiyapuri S, Ali MS, Moraes LA, Sage T, Lewis KR, Jones CI, Gibbins JM. Tangeretin regulates platelet function through inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and cyclic nucleotide signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2740-9. [PMID: 24135020 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary flavonoids have long been appreciated in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, but their mechanisms of action are complex in nature. In this study, the effects of tangeretin, a dietary flavonoid, were explored on platelet function, signaling, and hemostasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Tangeretin inhibited agonist-induced human platelet activation in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibited agonist-induced integrin αIIbβ3 inside-out and outside-in signaling, intracellular calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. Tangeretin also inhibited human platelet adhesion and subsequent thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arterial flow conditions in vitro and reduced hemostasis in mice. Further characterization to explore the mechanism by which tangeretin inhibits platelet function revealed distinctive effects of platelet signaling. Tangeretin was found to inhibit phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated signaling and increase cGMP levels in platelets, although phosphodiesterase activity was unaffected. Consistent with increased cGMP levels, tangeretin increased the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at S239. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the ability and mechanisms of action of dietary flavonoids to modulate platelet signaling and function, which may affect the risk of thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Vaiyapuri
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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79
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Zhang SH, Zhang Y, Shen J, Zhang S, Chen L, Gu J, Mruk JS, Cheng G, Zhu L, Kunapuli SP, Ding Z. Tumor vascular disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis via inhibition of thromboxane A2 signaling and phosphodiesterase. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1855-66. [PMID: 23902231 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) is a tumor vascular disrupting agent under clinical trials as an adjacent antitumor agent. DMXAA is structurally similar to flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA), an old tumor vascular disrupting agent with antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. In contrast to FAA, which causes bleeding in tumor patients, no bleeding has been reported in patients receiving DMXAA. Whether DMXAA also affects platelet function is not clear. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of DMXAA on platelet function and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS DMXAA concentration-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation and ATP release induced by U46619, arachidonic acid, ADP, collagen, or ristocetin. Furthermore, DMXAA inhibited phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt downstream of thromboxane A2 signaling inhibition. DMXAA also inhibited human platelet phosphodiesterase. The antiplatelet effects were further confirmed using mice administered DMXAA intravenously. DMXAA dramatically inhibited thrombus formation in FeCl3 -injured mouse mesenteric arterial thrombus model and laser-injured mouse cremaster arteriole thrombus model. Notably, at a dose exhibiting antithrombotic effects similar to those of clopidogrel in mice, DMXAA did not significantly increase bleeding. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we found that tumor vascular disrupting agent DMXAA has potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects without any bleeding diathesis. As DMXAA inhibits platelet activity with safe profile, DMXAA could be used as an efficacious and safe antiplatelet drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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80
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Effect of red mold rice on blood coagulation and anticoagulation factors in a rat model of hyperlipidemia. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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81
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Jiang D, Li D, Wu W. Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of luteolin on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Nutrients 2013; 5:1648-59. [PMID: 23686014 PMCID: PMC3708342 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complicated progress, involving many types of cells. Although the exact mechanisms of progression of atherosclerosis are uncertain, the balance of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis appears to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis, and much discussion has been undertaken to elucidate the detailed mechanisms, relevant gene expression and transduction pathways. Drug treatment has focused on ameliorating atherosclerosis. Some researchers have indicated that inhibiting VSMCs proliferation is involved in attenuating atherosclerosis. Luteolin is a kind of flavonoids naturally occurring in many plants and possesses beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. Luteolin can reduce VSMCs’ proliferation and migration and this reduction is stimulated by several factors. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing inhibitory effects and mechanisms of luteolin on proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and consider whether luteolin may be a potential candidate for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Jiang
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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Effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extracts on arterial thrombosis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:99-105. [PMID: 23524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether oral supplementation of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) influences blood coagulation and arterial thrombosis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. 24 male rats, 5 weeks old, were divided into three groups with different diets (C: control, 2mg OPE: chow diet with 2mg OPE supplementation, 10mg OPE: chow diet with 10mg OPE supplementation) for 6 weeks. Blood coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet aggregation were examined. The OPE did not affect blood cholesterol levels but significantly decreased blood triglyceride and glucose levels. PT, aPTT and platelet aggregation were not significantly different among all tested groups. However, in vivo arterial thrombosis was significantly delayed in groups that were fed 2mg and 10mg OPE diets compared to the control group. In addition, the OPE greatly diminished thrombin-induced expression of tissue factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a coagulation initiator. In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways activated by thrombin treatment were prevented by the OPE pre-treatment. These results indicate that OPE may have anti-thrombotic effects through restricting the induced expression of tissue factor via down-regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation upon coagulation stimulus, leading to the prolongation of time for arterial thrombosis.
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83
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Kim K, Lim KM, Shin HJ, Seo DB, Noh JY, Kang S, Chung HY, Shin S, Chung JH, Bae ON. Inhibitory effects of black soybean on platelet activation mediated through its active component of adenosine. Thromb Res 2013; 131:254-61. [PMID: 23332980 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the beneficial health effects on human cardiovascular system, soybeans and soy-related products have been a focus of intensive research. Soy isoflavones are known to be primarily responsible for the soy-related biological effects including anti-platelet activity but its in vivo relevancy has not been fully verified. Here we compared the role of adenosine, an active ingredient abundant in black soybean (BB) extract, in the anti-platelet effects of BB, to that of soy isoflavones. At the concentrations existing in BB, isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein could not attenuate collagen-induced platelet aggregation, however, adenosine significantly inhibited platelet aggregation with an equivalent potency to BB, suggesting that adenosine may be the major bioactive component. Consistently, the anti-aggregatory effects of BB disappeared after treatment of adenosine receptor antagonists. The effects of BB are mediated by adenosine through intracellular cAMP and subsequent attenuation of calcium mobilization. Of note, adenosine and BB significantly reduced platelet fibrinogen binding and platelet adhesion, other critical events for platelet activation, which were not affected by isoflavones. Taken together, we demonstrated that adenosine might be the major active ingredient for BB-induced anti-platelet activity, which will shed new light on the roles of adenosine as a bioactive compound in soybeans and soy-related food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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84
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Cortina B, Torregrosa G, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Moscardó A, Latorre A, Salom JB, Vallés J, Santos MT, Alborch E. Improvement of the circulatory function partially accounts for the neuroprotective action of the phytoestrogen genistein in experimental ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 708:88-94. [PMID: 23461855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the phytoestrogen genistein protects the brain against ischemic stroke by improving the circulatory function in terms of reduced production of thromboxane A2 and leukocyte-platelet aggregates, and of preserved vascular reactivity. Ischemia-reperfusion (90 min-3 days, intraluminal filament) was induced in male Wistar rats, and functional score and cerebral infarct volume were the end points examined. Genistein (10mg/kg/day) or vehicle (β-cyclodextrin) was administered at 30 min after ischemia or sham-operation. Production of thromboxane A2 and leukocyte-platelet aggregates, as well as reactivity of carotid artery to U-46619 (thromboxane A2 analogue) and to platelet releasate was measured. At 3 days post-ischemia, both improvement in the functional examination and reduction in the total infarct volume were shown in the ischemic genistein-treated group. Genistein significantly reverted both the increased thromboxane A2 concentration and the increased leukocyte-platelet aggregates production found in samples from the ischemic vehicle-treated group. Both U-46619 and platelet releasate elicited contractions of the carotid artery, which were significantly lower in the ischemic vehicle-treated group. Genistein significantly restored both the decreased U-46619- and the decreased platelet releasate-elicited contractile responses. In conclusion, genistein protects the brain against an ischemia-reperfusion challenge, at least in part, by its beneficial effects on the circulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Cortina
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Centro de Investigación, Ave. Campanar 21, 46009-Valencia, Spain
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85
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Wright B, Spencer JPE, Lovegrove JA, Gibbins JM. Insights into dietary flavonoids as molecular templates for the design of anti-platelet drugs. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 97:13-22. [PMID: 23024269 PMCID: PMC3527766 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are low-molecular weight, aromatic compounds derived from fruits, vegetables, and other plant components. The consumption of these phytochemicals has been reported to be associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, attributed to their anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-thrombotic actions. Flavonoids exert these effects by a number of mechanisms which include attenuation of kinase activity mediated at the cell-receptor level and/or within cells, and are characterized as broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors. Therefore, flavonoid therapy for CVD is potentially complex; the use of these compounds as molecular templates for the design of selective and potent small-molecule inhibitors may be a simpler approach to treat this condition. Flavonoids as templates for drug design are, however, poorly exploited despite the development of analogues based on the flavonol, isoflavonone, and isoflavanone subgroups. Further exploitation of this family of compounds is warranted due to a structural diversity that presents great scope for creating novel kinase inhibitors. The use of computational methodologies to define the flavonoid pharmacophore together with biological investigations of their effects on kinase activity, in appropriate cellular systems, is the current approach to characterize key structural features that will inform drug design. This focussed review highlights the potential of flavonoids to guide the design of clinically safer, more selective, and potent small-molecule inhibitors of cell signalling, applicable to anti-platelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Wright
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Schools of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6UB, UK.
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86
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Mosawy S, Jackson DE, Woodman OL, Linden MD. Inhibition of platelet-mediated arterial thrombosis and platelet granule exocytosis by 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol and quercetin. Platelets 2012; 24:594-604. [PMID: 23249183 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.749396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols are polyphenolic compounds with broad-spectrum kinase inhibitory, as well as potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-platelet potential of quercetin (Que) and several related flavonoids have been reported; however, few studies have assessed the ability of flavonols to inhibit exocytosis of different platelet granules or to inhibit thrombus formation in vivo. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is a flavonol which is structurally related to Que and has been shown to have greater anti-oxidant capacity and to improve the endothelial function in the context of diabetes and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. While the structural similarity to Que suggests DiOHF may have a potential to inhibit platelet function, no studies have assessed the anti-platelet potential of DiOHF. We therefore investigated platelet granule inhibition and potential to delay arterial thrombosis by Que and DiOHF. Both Que and DiOHF showed inhibition of collagen, adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid stimulated platelet aggregation, agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa activation as demonstrated by PAC-1 and fibrinogen binding. While both flavonols inhibited agonist-induced granule exocytosis, greater inhibition of dense granule exocytosis occurred with DiOHF as measured by both ATP release and flow cytometry. In contrast, while Que inhibited agonist-induced P-selectin expression, as measured by both platelet surface P-selectin expression and upregulation of surface GPIIIa expression, inhibition by DiOHF was not significant for either parameter. C57BL/6 mice treated with 6 mg kg(-1) IV Que or DiOHF maintained greater blood flow following FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury when compared to the vehicle control. We provide evidence that Que and DiOHF improve blood flow following arterial injury in part by attenuating platelet granule exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapha Mosawy
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
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87
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Dual Roles of Quercetin in Platelets: Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase and MAP Kinases Inhibition, and cAMP-Dependent Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Stimulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:485262. [PMID: 23304202 PMCID: PMC3533481 DOI: 10.1155/2012/485262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Progressive diseases including cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders are marked by platelet activation and chronic inflammation. Studies suggest that dietary flavonoids such as quercetin possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet properties, which could prevent various chronic diseases including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, the mechanism and the signaling pathway that links quercetin's antiplatelet activity with its anti-inflammatory property is limited and thus further exploration is required. The aim of this paper was to examine the link between antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory roles of quercetin in agonist-induced platelet activation. Methods. Quercetin effects on agonist-activated platelet-aggregation, granule-secretion, [Ca2+]i, and glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa activation were examined. Its effects on PI3K/Akt, VASP, and MAPK phosphorylations were also studied on collaged-activated platelets. Results. Quercetin dose dependently suppressed collagen, thrombin, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It significantly inhibited collagen-induced ATP release, P-selectin expression, [Ca2+]i mobilization, integrin-αIIbβ3 activation, and augmented cAMP and VASP levels. Moreover, quercetin attenuated PI3K, Akt, ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAPK activations, which were supported by platelet-aggregation inhibition with the respective kinase inhibitors. Conclusion. Quercetin-mediated antiplatelet activity involves PI3K/Akt inactivation, cAMP elevation, and VASP stimulation that, in turn, suppresses MAPK phosphorylations. This result suggests quercetin may have a potential to treat cardiovascular diseases involving aberrant platelet activation and inflammation.
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88
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Holt RR, Heiss C, Kelm M, Keen CL. The potential of flavanol and procyanidin intake to influence age-related vascular disease. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:290-323. [PMID: 22888843 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.702541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is an independent major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Age-associated impairments in the control of inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and reduced cellular repair can all contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Current recommendations for both the primary and secondary prevention of CVD promote lifestyle modifications that include the adoption of healthy dietary patterns, such as the consumption of diets rich in plant foods, as these have been associated with a lower lifetime risk for the development of CVD. The potential for a diet rich in plant foods to be cardiovascular protective is also supported by prospective studies that suggest the intake of foods providing high amounts of certain phytochemicals, in particular flavanols and procyanidins, reduce the risk for CVD. These observations are further supported by a number of dietary intervention trials that show improvements in vascular function and reduced platelet reactivity following the consumption of high flavanol foods. In the current article we review a selection of these studies, and comment on some of the potential mechanisms that have been postulated to underlie the health effects of flavanol and procyanidin-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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89
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Zhao L, Wang JL, Wang YR, Fa XZ. Apigenin attenuates copper-mediated β-amyloid neurotoxicity through antioxidation, mitochondrion protection and MAPK signal inactivation in an AD cell model. Brain Res 2012. [PMID: 23178511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, belonging to a less toxic and non-mutagenic flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been reported to possess numerous biological activities beneficial to health. Although evidence has shown apigenin might exert its protective effects by reducing the toxicity induced by amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), the precise mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro neuroprotective activity of apigenin interrelated with amyloid toxicity and mental homeostasis in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model and explored its potential signal transduction. Our results showed that apigenin protected neurons against Aβ-mediated toxicity induced by copper, which was characterized by increasing neuronal viability and relieving mitochondrial membrane dissipation and neuronal nuclear condensation. Further, we demonstrated that apigenin did not provide sufficient effect on decreasing β-amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) expression and lowering Aβ(1-42) secretion, but conserved redox balance by increasing intracellular glutathione levels and enhancing cellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, blocked ROS-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK)- MAPKAP kinase-2 (MK2)-heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-c-Jun signaling pathways, preserved mitochondrial function, and then regulated apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, apigenin could exert neuroprotection against Aβ-induced toxicity in the presence of copper mainly through the mechanisms that regulate redox imbalance, preserve mitochondrial function, inhibit MAPK pathways, and depress neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 South Street, Zhongguancun Beijing 100081, PR China
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90
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Gencel VB, Benjamin MM, Bahou SN, Khalil RA. Vascular effects of phytoestrogens and alternative menopausal hormone therapy in cardiovascular disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:149-74. [PMID: 22070687 DOI: 10.2174/138955712798995020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogenic compounds of plant origin classified into different groups including isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and stilbenes. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are the most studied and most potent phytoestrogens, and are found mainly in soy based foods. The effects of phytoestrogens are partly mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and possibly GPER. The interaction of phytoestrogens with ERs is thought to induce both genomic and non-genomic effects in many tissues including the vasculature. Some phytoestrogens such as genistein have additional non-ER-mediated effects involving signaling pathways such as tyrosine kinase. Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and extracellular matrix. Phytoestrogens may also affect other pathophysiologic vascular processes such as lipid profile, angiogenesis, inflammation, tissue damage by reactive oxygen species, and these effects could delay the progression of atherosclerosis. As recent clinical trials showed no vascular benefits or even increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV events with conventional menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), phytoestrogens are being considered as alternatives to pharmacologic MHT. Epidemiological studies in the Far East population suggest that dietary intake of phytoestrogens may contribute to the decreased incidence of postmenopausal CVD and thromboembolic events. Also, the WHO-CARDIAC study supported that consumption of high soybean diet is associated with lower mortalities from coronary artery disease. However, as with estrogen, there has been some discrepancy between the experimental studies demonstrating the vascular benefits of phytoestrogens and the data from clinical trials. This is likely because the phytoestrogens clinical trials have been limited in many aspects including the number of participants enrolled, the clinical end points investigated, and the lack of long-term follow-up. Further investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of phytoestrogens and careful evaluation of the epidemiological evidence and clinical trials of their potential vascular benefits would put forward the use of phytoestrogens as an alternative MHT for the relief of menopausal symptoms and amelioration of postmenopausal CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Gencel
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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91
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Mitchell HL, Gibbins JM, Griffin BA, Lovegrove JA, Stowell JD, Foot E. Food and Health Forum meeting - nutritional approaches to cardiovascular health: workshop report. NUTR BULL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2012.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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92
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Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshawy N. Effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on Platelet Function in Albino Wistar Rats. Thromb Res 2012; 130:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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93
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In situ–forming quercetin-conjugated heparin hydrogels for blood compatible and antiproliferative metal coating. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911512448246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in situ–forming quercetin-conjugated heparin hydrogels to be used to coat metal surfaces for blood compatibility were developed and characterized. Four units of quercetin and poly(ethylene glycol)–tyramine were conjugated per heparin for blood compatibility and hydrogel formation, respectively. The product, quercetin-conjugated heparin–poly(ethylene glycol)–tyramine, was cross-linked in situ via an enzymatic reaction using horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to form a hydrogel. The physicochemical properties, such as the gelation time and swelling/degradation time as well as the release kinetics of quercetin, were controlled by changing the catalytic concentrations. The quercetin-conjugated heparin hydrogel, when adhered to a metal surface, enhanced blood compatibility and reduced platelet adhesion by 77%. The release of quercetin inhibited the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The quercetin-conjugated heparin–poly(ethylene glycol)–tyramine hydrogel is a promising biomaterial with a stable-coated metal surface, with enhanced blood compatibility and antiproliferation effects.
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94
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Ikemura M, Sasaki Y, Giddings JC, Yamamoto J. Preventive Effects of Hesperidin, Glucosyl Hesperidin and Naringin on Hypertension and Cerebral Thrombosis in Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1272-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Ikemura
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Nutrition; Kobe Gakuin University; Nishi-Ku; Kobe; Japan
| | - Yasuto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Nutrition; Kobe Gakuin University; Nishi-Ku; Kobe; Japan
| | | | - Junichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Nutrition; Kobe Gakuin University; Nishi-Ku; Kobe; Japan
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95
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Navarro-Fernández J, Nechitaylo TY, Guerrero JA, Golyshina OV, García-Carmona F, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Golyshin PN. A novel platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase discovered in a metagenome from the earthworm-associated microbial community. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:3036-46. [PMID: 21923856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metagenomics is an emerging field for mining the bioresources for new biomolecules for potential application in biotechnology and biomedicine. In the present study, a novel acetylhydrolase (Est13) was detected during the function-based screening of a metagenomic library established from the DNA extracted from the cellulose-depleting microbial community set up with an earthworm cast. Analysis showed that Est13 exhibited some similarities with a human and parasite platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) belonging to the SGNH hydrolase superfamily. Biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzyme using substrates common for hydrolases of this superfamily demonstrated that Est13 hydrolysed p-nitrophenyl acetate quite efficiently, with a k(cat) /K(M) value of 3209 mM(-1) s(-1). The Est13 showed highest activity at pH 8.0 and 40°C, conditions in which it is relatively stable compared with known PAF-AHs. In vitro functional analysis of the platelet-activating factor hydrolysis showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation in the range of 2-4 µM, making this enzyme a potential candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Navarro-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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96
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Bojić M, Debeljak Z, Tomičić M, Medić-Šarić M, Tomić S. Evaluation of antiaggregatory activity of flavonoid aglycone series. Nutr J 2011; 10:73. [PMID: 21745360 PMCID: PMC3166895 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among natural compounds, present in every day diet, flavonoids have shown beneficial effect in prevention of cardiovascular diseases that can be attributed, at least partially to the described antiaggregatory activity i.e. antiplatelet effects of flavonoids. Due to the ever increasing pharmacological interest in antiplatelet agents a systematic experimental evaluation of large flavonoid series is needed. METHODS A set of thirty flavonoid aglycones has been selected for the evaluation. All measurements of aggregation were done under standardized and firmly controlled in vitro conditions. The whole blood samples, multiple platelet functional analyzer and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as a weak agonist of aggregation were selected for this purpose. RESULTS The results were expressed as minimal concentration of flavonoid that can significantly lower the platelet aggregation compared to the corresponding untreated sample (minimal antiaggregatory concentration--MINaAC). All analyzed flavonoids exhibited antiaggregatory activity MINaAC ranging from 0.119 μM to 122 μM, while the most potent representatives were 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (0.119 μM) and syringetin (0.119 μM). CONCLUSIONS Measurable antiplatelet activity established at submicromolar flavonoid concentrations suggests that even a dietary consumption of some flavonoids can make an impact on in vivo aggregation of platelets. These findings also point out a therapeutical potential of some flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Bojić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A, Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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97
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Apigenin Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Elsholtzia rugulosa Prevents β-Amyloid 25–35-Induces Toxicity in Rat Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2011. [PMCID: PMC6263293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16054005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries forming the blood-brain barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid-β peptides are key pathological elements in the development of this disease. Apigenin (4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a plant flavonoid and pharmacologically active agent that can be isolated from several plant species. In the present study, effects of apigenin obtained from the medicinal plant Elsholtzia rugulosa (Labiatae) on primary cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) mediated by amyloid-β peptide 25–35 (Aβ25–35) were examined. Aβ25–35 showed toxic effects on CMECs, involving reduction of cell viability, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increase of nuclear condensation, over-production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and breakage of the barrier integrity and function. Based on this model, we demonstrated that apigenin from the medicinal plant Elsholtzia rugulosa protected cultured rat CMECs by increasing cell viability, reducing LDH release, relieving nuclear condensation, alleviating intracellular ROS generation, increasing SOD activity, and strengthening the barrier integrity through the preservation of transendothelial electrical resistance, permeability property and characteristic enzymatic activity after being exposed to Aβ25–35. In conclusion, apigenin isolated from Elsholtzia rugulosa has the ability to protect rat CMECs against Aβ25–35-induced toxicity.
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98
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Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:327-333. [PMID: 21281251 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.516754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Althaea officinalis Linn. (Malvaideae) flower is commonly used in folk medicine in Lebanon and neighboring countries. Although most of the studies have been conducted on the mucilage-rich roots, little is known about the flower. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the potential role of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower in lipemia, gastric ulcer, inflammation, and platelet aggregation using the rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood lipid profile and liver function were assessed after 1 month of extract intake via drinking water. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested against acute and chronic inflammation induced by carrageenan and formalin, respectively. Antiulcer activity was evaluated using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Antiplatelet activity was investigated in vitro using the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation bioassay. RESULTS The 50 mg/kg body weight dose resulted in significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol level with no effects on stool cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Increasing the dose to 500 mg/kg body weight caused a significant decrease in stool water content. No adverse effect on liver enzymes was observed. Significant anti-inflammatory (acute and chronic inflammation) and antiulcerogenic activities were observed at all used doses (50, 100, and 250 mg/kg body). Time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation was demonstrated at 500 µg/ml concentration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower demonstrated potential benefits in lipemia, inflammation, gastric ulcer, and platelet aggregation with no visible adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Hage-Sleiman
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
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Arslan R, Bor Z, Bektas N, Meriçli AH, Ozturk Y. Antithrombotic effects of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis in the carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model. Thromb Res 2010; 127:210-3. [PMID: 21183208 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanidins, and organic acids as main constituents, used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the main causes of multiple cardiovascular diseases is intravascular thrombosis and current agents, which are used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, have some side effects. Therefore, new antithrombotic and thrombolytic agents are still needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antithrombotic function of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis (COE) leaves was investigated in carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model. Mice were injected with 40 μl (1%) carrageenan (Type I) dissolved in physiological saline by intraplantar administration in the right hind paw. After carrageenan injection, the extract was administered at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Heparin was used as a positive control (10 and 100 IU). The length of tail-thrombosis was measured at 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 100mg/kg COE and 10IU heparin were not significant when compared to control groups at the time interval (24-72 h) that results was obtained. At 24th hour, both 200 and 300 mg/kg of COE showed a significant antithrombotic activity (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). However, 200 mg/kg COE lost its significance and there was a decrease in the significance values of 300 mg/kg COE (p<0.05) at 48 and 72 h. From these results, it was concluded that COE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Arslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Iwaoka E, Oku H, Iinuma M, Ishiguro K. Allergy-preventive effects of the flowers of Impatiens textori. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:714-6. [PMID: 20410612 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The allergy-preventive activity of a 35% EtOH extract (IT) of flowers of Impatiens textori MIQ. was demonstrated in a continuing search for allergy-preventive substances from natural sources. The evaluation of its activity used an in vivo assay method for monitoring the blood flow decrease in the tail vein microcirculation of mice subjected to sensitization with hen-egg white lysozyme. Among the principal compounds in IT, apigenin (1), luteolin (3), and luteolin 7-glucoside (4) showed significant allergy-preventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Iwaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Japan
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