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Phosphorus Mobilizing Enzymes of Alnus-Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in an Alaskan Boreal Floodplain. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of its high phosphorus (P) demands, it is likely that the abundance, distribution, and N-fixing capacity of Alnus in boreal forests are tightly coupled with P availability and the mobilization and uptake of soil P via ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). We examined whether Alnus shifts EMF communities in coordination with increasingly more complex organic P forms across a 200-year-old successional sequence along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Root-tip activities of acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and phytase of A. tenuifolia-associated EMF were positively intercorrelated but did not change in a predictable manner across the shrub, to hardwood to coniferous forest successional sequence. Approximately half of all Alnus roots were colonized by Alnicola and Tomentella taxa, and ordination analysis indicated that the EMF community on Alnus is a relatively distinct, host-specific group. Despite differences in the activities of the two Alnus dominants to mobilize acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase, the root-tip activities of P-mobilizing enzymes of the Alnus-EMF community were not dramatically different from other co-occurring boreal plant hosts. This suggests that if Alnus has a greater influence on P cycling than other plant functional types, additional factors influencing P mobilization and uptake at the root and/or whole-plant level must be involved.
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Caboň M, Li GJ, Saba M, Kolařík M, Jančovičová S, Khalid AN, Moreau PA, Wen HA, Pfister DH, Adamčík S. Phylogenetic study documents different speciation mechanisms within the Russula globispora lineage in boreal and arctic environments of the Northern Hemisphere. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:5. [PMID: 32647614 PMCID: PMC7325667 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Russula globispora lineage is a morphologically and phylogenetically well-defined group of ectomycorrhizal fungi occurring in various climatic areas. In this study we performed a multi-locus phylogenetic study based on collections from boreal, alpine and arctic habitats of Europe and Western North America, subalpine collections from the southeast Himalayas and collections from subtropical coniferous forests of Pakistan. European and North American collections are nearly identical and probably represent a single species named R. dryadicola distributed from the Alps to the Rocky Mountains. Collections from the southeast Himalayas belong to two distinct species: R. abbottabadensis sp. nov. from subtropical monodominant forests of Pinus roxburghii and R. tengii sp. nov. from subalpine mixed forests of Abies and Betula. The results suggest that speciation in this group is driven by a climate disjunction and adaptation rather than a host switch and geographical distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Caboň
- Department of Cryptogams, Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Guo-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
- Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Jančovičová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Révová 39, SK-811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Abdul Nasir Khalid
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Laboratoire IMPECS, Fac. Pharma. Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hua-An Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Donald H. Pfister
- Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Slavomír Adamčík
- Department of Cryptogams, Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mujic AB, Huang B, Chen MJ, Wang PH, Gernandt DS, Hosaka K, Spatafora JW. Out of western North America: Evolution of the Rhizopogon-Pseudotsuga symbiosis inferred by genome-scale sequence typing. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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54
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Egidi E, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Plett JM, Wang J, Eldridge DJ, Bardgett RD, Maestre FT, Singh BK. A few Ascomycota taxa dominate soil fungal communities worldwide. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2369. [PMID: 31147554 PMCID: PMC6542806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having key functions in terrestrial ecosystems, information on the dominant soil fungi and their ecological preferences at the global scale is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 235 soils from across the globe. Our findings indicate that 83 phylotypes (<0.1% of the retrieved fungi), mostly belonging to wind dispersed, generalist Ascomycota, dominate soils globally. We identify patterns and ecological drivers of dominant soil fungal taxa occurrence, and present a map of their distribution in soils worldwide. Whole-genome comparisons with less dominant, generalist fungi point at a significantly higher number of genes related to stress-tolerance and resource uptake in the dominant fungi, suggesting that they might be better in colonising a wide range of environments. Our findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of the ecology of fungi, and have implications for the development of strategies to preserve them and the ecosystem functions they provide. Soil fungi play essential roles in ecosystems worldwide. Here, the authors sequence and analyze 235 soil samples collected from across the globe, and identify dominant fungal taxa and their associated environmental attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA. .,Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain.
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Juntao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain.,Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia. .,Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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55
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Defrenne CE, Philpott TJ, Guichon SHA, Roach WJ, Pickles BJ, Simard SW. Shifts in Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Exploration Types Relate to the Environment and Fine-Root Traits Across Interior Douglas-Fir Forests of Western Canada. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:643. [PMID: 31191571 PMCID: PMC6547044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale studies that examine the responses of ectomycorrhizal fungi across biogeographic gradients are necessary to assess their role in mediating current and predicted future alterations in forest ecosystem processes. We assessed the extent of environmental filtering on interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across regional gradients in precipitation, temperature, and soil fertility in interior Douglas-fir dominated forests of western Canada. We also examined relationships between fine-root traits and mycorrhizal fungal exploration types by combining root and fungal trait measurements with next-generation sequencing. Temperature, precipitation, and soil C:N ratio affected fungal community dissimilarity and exploration type abundance but had no effect on α-diversity. Fungi with rhizomorphs (e.g., Piloderma sp.) or proteolytic abilities (e.g., Cortinarius sp.) dominated communities in warmer and less fertile environments. Ascomycetes (e.g., Cenococcum geophilum) or shorter distance explorers, which potentially cost the plant less C, were favored in colder/drier climates where soils were richer in total nitrogen. Environmental filtering of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities is potentially related to co-evolutionary history between Douglas-fir populations and fungal symbionts, suggesting success of interior Douglas-fir as climate changes may be dependent on maintaining strong associations with local communities of mycorrhizal fungi. No evidence for a link between root and fungal resource foraging strategies was found at the regional scale. This lack of evidence further supports the need for a mycorrhizal symbiosis framework that is independent of root trait frameworks, to aid in understanding belowground plant uptake strategies across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E. Defrenne
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Philpott
- Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Cariboo-Chilcotin Natural Resource District, Williams Lake, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon H. A. Guichon
- Stable Isotope Facility, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W. Jean Roach
- Skyline Forestry Consultants Ltd., Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | - Brian J. Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne W. Simard
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Boeraeve M, Honnay O, Jacquemyn H. Forest edge effects on the mycorrhizal communities of the dual-mycorrhizal tree species Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:703-712. [PMID: 30812005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest conversion into agricultural land has resulted in a continuous decline in forest cover and in a reduced size and increased edge-to-core ratio of the remaining fragments. Forest edges are more directly exposed to sunlight, wind and pollutants and the resulting changes in habitat quality might have a large impact on plant and animal communities. Few studies, however, have focused on forest edge effects on mycorrhizal fungus communities. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to study how communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF), present in both the roots of the dual mycorrhizal tree Alnus glutinosa and in the soil, changed with increasing distance from the forest edge within fragmented forests embedded in an intensively managed agricultural matrix. Overall, we found 158 AMF OTUs and 275 EcMF OTUs. Soil moisture content increased with increasing distance from the forest edge, whereas soil nitrate concentration increased with increasing distance in south-facing and decreased in north-facing edges. Distance to the forest edge had a significant effect on EcMF community composition that largely overlapped with the observed changes in soil variables, especially soil moisture content. Apart from this distance effect, there were also clear effects of edge orientation on mycorrhizal diversity and community composition. While AMF OTU richness was higher at south- than at north-facing edges, the opposite pattern was found for EcMF. Community composition of both mycorrhiza types also differed significantly between south- and north-facing edges. We conclude that altered environmental conditions at forest edges cause significant changes in mycorrhizal communities, which could subsequently affect ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Boeraeve
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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57
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Liu D, Wang H, An S, Bhople P, Davlatbekov F. Geographic distance and soil microbial biomass carbon drive biogeographical distribution of fungal communities in Chinese Loess Plateau soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1058-1069. [PMID: 30743903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are ecological drivers of carbon cycle in soils and also effectively mediate mineral nutrition for plants especially in the severely eroded Loess Plateau of China. However, factors determining variations in fungal diversity and their biogeographic patterns in this rigorously affected landscape area remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing of the fungal specific, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region from 24 representative soils covering forest, grassland and agricultural lands from 8 distinct landscapes. Using this technique, we demonstrate that fungal members belonging to phylum Ascomycota dominated in all soils investigated in this study with an average relative abundance higher than 80%. High fungal richness in the Loess Plateau soils is ascribed to the retrieval of 1,822,499 quality sequences belonging to 13,533 different phylotypes. However, this richness/phylotype number decreased (from 779 to 561) with increasing longitudinal gradient through 107°39' to 109°36'. Interestingly, higher fungal diversity (in terms of presence of diverse fungal taxa) occurred as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration decreased (approximately from 500 to 100mgkg-1) in soils. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that geographic distance contributed more to fungal community variation (38.3%) than soil properties (22.2%) at the landscape level (~400km). As indicated by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), among soil properties, concentrations of MBC primarily affected (significantly corrected with NMDS 1; r=0.620; p<0.01) fungal community structure in the current study. This study therefore constitutes an essential set of information and recommends usage of information on fungal community structure as a potential ecological indicator of the Loess Plateau region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Parag Bhople
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Germany
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Svantesson S, Larsson KH, Kõljalg U, W. May T, Patrik Cangren, Henrik Nilsson R, Larsson E. Solving the taxonomic identity of Pseudotomentellatristis s.l. (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) - a multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomic review, integrating ecological and geographical data. MycoKeys 2019; 50:1-77. [PMID: 31043855 PMCID: PMC6477855 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.50.32432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
P.tristis is an ectomycorrhizal, corticioid fungus whose name is frequently assigned to collections of basidiomata as well as root tip and soil samples from a wide range of habitats and hosts across the northern hemisphere. Despite this, its identity is unclear; eight heterotypic taxa have in major reviews of the species been considered synonymous with or morphologically similar to P.tristis, but no sequence data from type specimens have been available. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy, systematics, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of P.tristis and its morphologically similar species, we studied their type specimens as well as 147 basidiomata collections of mostly North European material. We used gene trees generated in BEAST 2 and PhyML and species trees estimated in STACEY and ASTRAL to delimit species based on the ITS, LSU, Tef1α and mtSSU regions. We enriched our sampling with environmental ITS sequences from the UNITE database. We found the P.tristis group to contain 13 molecularly and morphologically distinct species. Three of these, P.tristis, P.umbrina and P.atrofusca, are already known to science, while ten species are here described as new: P.sciastra sp. nov., P.tristoides sp. nov., P.umbrinascens sp. nov., P.pinophila sp. nov., P.alnophila sp. nov., P.alobata sp. nov., P.pluriloba sp. nov., P.abundiloba sp. nov., P.rotundispora sp. nov. and P.media sp. nov. We discovered P.rhizopunctata and P.atrofusca to form a sister clade to all other species in P.tristis s.l. These two species, unlike all other species in the P.tristis complex, are dimitic. In this study, we designate epitypes for P.tristis, P.umbrina and Hypochnopsisfuscata and lectotypes for Auriculariaphylacteris and Thelephorabiennis. We show that the holotype of Hypochnussitnensis and the lectotype of Hypochnopsisfuscata are conspecific with P.tristis, but in the absence of molecular information we regard Pseudotomentellalongisterigmata and Hypochnusrhacodium as doubtful taxa due to their aberrant morphology. We confirm A.phylacteris, Tomentellabiennis and Septobasidiumarachnoideum as excluded taxa, since their morphology clearly show that they belong to other genera. A key to the species of the P.tristis group is provided. We found P.umbrina to be a common species with a wide, Holarctic distribution, forming ectomycorrhiza with a large number of host species in habitats ranging from tropical forests to the Arctic tundra. The other species in the P.tristis group were found to be less common and have narrower ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Svantesson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Karl-Henrik Larsson
- The Mycological Herbarium, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tom W. May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Patrik Cangren
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - R. Henrik Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ellen Larsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Yang T, Tedersoo L, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Gilbert JA, Sun M, Shi Y, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin H, Zhao Y, Fu C, Chu H. Phylogenetic imprint of woody plants on the soil mycobiome in natural mountain forests of eastern China. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:686-697. [PMID: 30353037 PMCID: PMC6461945 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have detected strong phylogenetic signals in tree-fungus associations for diseased leaves and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, the extent of plant phylogenetic constraints on the free-living soil mycobiome remains unknown, especially at broad geographic scales. Here, 343 soil samples were collected adjacent to individual tree trunks, representing 58 woody plant species located in five mountain forests of eastern China. Integrating plant species identity and phylogenetic information, we aimed to unravel the relative contributions of phylogenetic relationships among tree species, abiotic environmental filtering, and geographic isolation to the geographic distribution of soil mycobiome. We found that the community dissimilarities of total fungi and each dominant guild (viz. saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and ectomycorrhizal fungi) significantly increased with increasing plant phylogenetic distance. Plant phylogenetic eigenvectors explained 11.4% of the variation in community composition, whereas environmental and spatial factors explained 24.1% and 7.2% of the variation, respectively. The communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens were relatively more strongly affected by plant phylogeny than those of saprotrophs (13.7% and 10.4% vs. 8.5%). Overall, our results demonstrate how plant phylogeny, environment, and geographic space contribute to forest soil fungal distributions and suggest that the influence of plant phylogeny on fungal association may differ by guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, and Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hanyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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60
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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in South America: Their Diversity in Past, Present and Future Research. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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61
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Liu Y, Guo Y, Shi P, Wei G. Distinct large-scale biogeographic patterns of fungal communities in bulk soil and soybean rhizosphere in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:791-800. [PMID: 29990927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fungi play a crucial role in the agroecological system; however, little is known about their large-scale biogeographical patterns and how various ecological processes contribute to community assembly, especially in the crop rhizosphere. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and community assembly of fungi in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of soybean collected from 43 sites across China using high-throughput sequencing. The alpha diversity of the rhizosphere was lower than that of bulk soil. The fungal community structures of the two soil compartments were distinct. Fungal communities in the rhizosphere had a steeper distance-decay relationship slope between sampled sites than those in bulk soil, suggesting a greater influence of historical processes (geographical separation) in the rhizosphere. The relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering for the fungal community composition differed between bulk soil and rhizosphere. Sloan neutral model analysis suggested that niche-based processes dominated the assemblage of fungal communities in the two soil compartments, while neutral processes had a weaker influence in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil. Additionally, we analyzed the structures of abundant and rare fungal sub-communities in each soil compartment. Rare sub-communities were more strongly influenced by dispersal limitation than abundant sub-communities. These results expand the current understanding of root-associated fungal community biogeography in agricultural soils on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yanqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Corrales A, Henkel TW, Smith ME. Ectomycorrhizal associations in the tropics - biogeography, diversity patterns and ecosystem roles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1076-1091. [PMID: 29689121 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1076 I. Introduction 1076 II. Historical overview 1077 III. Identities and distributions of tropical ectomycorrhizal plants 1077 IV. Dominance of tropical forests by ECM trees 1078 V. Biogeography of tropical ECM fungi 1081 VI. Beta diversity patterns in tropical ECM fungal communities 1082 VII. Conclusions and future research 1086 Acknowledgements 1087 References 1087 SUMMARY: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations were historically considered rare or absent from tropical ecosystems. Although most tropical forests are dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, ECM associations are widespread and found in all tropical regions. Here, we highlight emerging patterns of ECM biogeography, diversity and ecosystem functions, identify knowledge gaps, and offer direction for future research. At the continental and regional scales, tropical ECM systems are highly diverse and vary widely in ECM plant and fungal abundance, diversity, composition and phylogenetic affinities. We found strong regional differences among the dominant host plant families, suggesting that biogeographical factors strongly influence tropical ECM symbioses. Both ECM plants and fungi also exhibit strong turnover along altitudinal and soil fertility gradients, suggesting niche differentiation among taxa. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are often more abundant and diverse in sites with nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that ECM associations can optimize plant nutrition and may contribute to the maintenance of tropical monodominant forests. More research is needed to elucidate the diversity patterns of ECM fungi and plants in the tropics and to clarify the role of this symbiosis in nutrient and carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Toju H, Sato H, Yamamoto S, Tanabe AS. Structural diversity across arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and endophytic plant-fungus networks. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:292. [PMID: 30463525 PMCID: PMC6249749 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Below-ground linkage between plant and fungal communities is one of the major drivers of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. However, we still have limited knowledge of how such plant-fungus associations vary in their community-scale properties depending on fungal functional groups and geographic locations. METHODS By compiling a high-throughput sequencing dataset of root-associated fungi in eight forests along the Japanese Archipelago, we performed a comparative analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and saprotrophic/endophytic associations across a latitudinal gradient from cool-temperate to subtropical regions. RESULTS In most of the plant-fungus networks analyzed, host-symbiont associations were significantly specialized but lacked "nested" architecture, which has been commonly reported in plant-pollinator and plant-seed disperser networks. In particular, the entire networks involving all functional groups of plants and fungi and partial networks consisting of ectomycorrhizal plant and fungal species/taxa displayed "anti-nested" architecture (i.e., negative nestedness scores) in many of the forests examined. Our data also suggested that geographic factors affected the organization of plant-fungus network structure. For example, the southernmost subtropical site analyzed in this study displayed lower network-level specificity of host-symbiont associations and higher (but still low) nestedness than northern localities. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative analyses suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and saprotrophic/endophytic plant-fungus associations often lack nested network architecture, while those associations can vary, to some extent, in their community-scale properties along a latitudinal gradient. Overall, this study provides a basis for future studies that will examine how different types of plant-fungus associations collectively structure terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akifumi S. Tanabe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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In Planta Sporulation of Frankia spp. as a Determinant of Alder-Symbiont Interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01737-18. [PMID: 30217853 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01737-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alnus genus forms symbiosis with the actinobacteria Frankia spp. and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two types of Frankia lineages can be distinguished based on their ability to sporulate in planta Spore-positive (Sp+) strains are predominant on Alnus incana and Alnus viridis in highlands, while spore-negative (Sp-) strains are mainly associated with Alnus glutinosa in lowlands. Here, we investigated whether the Sp+ predominance in nodules is due to host selection of certain Frankia genotypes from soil communities or the result of the ecological history of the alder stand soil, as well as the effect of the sporulation genotype on the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities. Trapping experiments were conducted using A. glutinosa, A. incana, and A. viridis plantlets on 6 soils, differing in the alder species and the frequency of Sp+ nodules in the field. Higher diversity of Frankia spp. and variation in Sp+ frequencies were observed in the trapping than in the fields. Both indigenous and trapping species shape Frankia community structure in trapped nodules. Nodulation impediments were observed under several trapping conditions in Sp+ soils, supporting a narrower host range of Sp+ Frankia species. A. incana and A. viridis were able to associate equally with compatible Sp+ and Sp- strains in the greenhouse. Additionally, no host shift was observed for Alnus-specific ECM, and the sporulation genotype of Frankia spp. defined the ECM communities on the host roots. The symbiotic association is likely determined by the host range, the soil history, and the type of in planta Frankia species. These results provide an insight into the biogeographical drivers of alder symbionts in the Holarctic region.IMPORTANCE Most Frankia-actinorhiza plant symbioses are capable of high rates of nitrogen fixation comparable to those found on legumes. Yet, our understanding of the ecology and distribution of Frankia spp. is still very limited. Several studies have focused on the distribution patterns of Frankia spp., demonstrating a combination of host and pedoclimatic parameters in their biogeography. However, very few have considered the in planta sporulation form of the strain, although it is a unique feature among all symbiotic plant-associated microbes. Compared with Sp- Frankia strains, Sp+ strains would be obligate symbionts that are highly dependent on the presence of a compatible host species and with lower efficiency in nitrogen fixation. Understanding the biogeographical drivers of Sp+ Frankia strains might help elucidate the ecological role of in planta sporulation and the extent to which this trait mediates host-partner interactions in the alder-Frankia-ECM fungal symbiosis.
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Houles A, Vincent B, David M, Ducousso M, Galiana A, Juillot F, Hannibal L, Carriconde F, Fritsch E, Jourand P. Ectomycorrhizal Communities Associated with the Legume Acacia spirorbis Growing on Contrasted Edaphic Constraints in New Caledonia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:964-975. [PMID: 29717331 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with Acacia spirorbis, a legume tree widely spread in New Caledonia that spontaneously grows on contrasted edaphic constraints, i.e. calcareous, ferralitic and volcano-sedimentary soils. Soil geochemical parameters and diversity of ECM communities were assessed in 12 sites representative of the three mains categories of soils. The ectomycorrhizal status of Acacia spirorbis was confirmed in all studied soils, with a fungal community dominated at 92% by Basidiomycota, mostly represented by/tomentella-thelephora (27.6%), /boletus (15.8%), /sebacina (10.5%), /russula-lactarius (10.5%) and /pisolithus-scleroderma (7.9%) lineages. The diversity and the proportion of the ECM lineages were similar for the ferralitic and volcano-sedimentary soils but significantly different for the calcareous soils. These differences in the distribution of the ECM communities were statistically correlated with pH, Ca, P and Al in the calcareous soils and with Co in the ferralitic soils. Altogether, these data suggest a high capacity of A. spirorbis to form ECM symbioses with a large spectrum of fungi regardless the soil categories with contrasted edaphic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houles
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Koniambo Nickel SAS, Vavouto, BP 679, 98860, Koné, New Caledonia
| | - Bryan Vincent
- IRD, UMR040 LSTM, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Magali David
- IRD, UMR206 IMPMC, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Ducousso
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
| | - Antoine Galiana
- CIRAD, UMR082 LSTM, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Farid Juillot
- IRD, UMR206 IMPMC, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | | | - Fabian Carriconde
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Axe 2, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Wu BW, Gao C, Chen L, Buscot F, Goldmann K, Purahong W, Ji NN, Wang YL, Lü PP, Li XC, Guo LD. Host Phylogeny Is a Major Determinant of Fagaceae-Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Assembly at a Regional Scale. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2409. [PMID: 30364168 PMCID: PMC6191505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental filtering (niche process) and dispersal limitation (neutral process) are two of the primary forces driving community assembly in ecosystems, but how these processes affect the Fagaceae-associated ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal community at regional scales is so far poorly documented. We examined the EM fungal communities of 61 plant species in six genera belonging to the Fagaceae distributed across Chinese forest ecosystems (geographic distance up to ∼3,757 km) using Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS2 sequences. The relative effects of environmental filtering (e.g., host plant phylogeny, soil and climate) and dispersal limitation (e.g., spatial distance) on the EM fungal community were distinguished using multiple models. In total, 2,706 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of EM fungi, corresponding to 54 fungal lineages, were recovered at a 97% sequence similarity level. The EM fungal OTU richness was significantly affected by soil pH and nutrients and by host phylogeny. The EM fungal community composition was significantly influenced by combinations of host phylogeny, spatial distance, soil and climate. Furthermore, host phylogeny had the greatest effect on EM fungal community. The study suggests that the assembly of the EM fungal community is governed by both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation, with host effect being the most important determinant at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Niu-Niu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Patterns in Ectomycorrhizal Diversity, Community Composition, and Exploration Types in European Beech, Pine, and Spruce Forests. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9080445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are pivotal drivers of ecosystem functioning in temperate and boreal forests. They constitute an important pathway for plant-derived carbon into the soil and facilitate nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition. However, the mechanisms that drive ectomycorrhizal diversity and community composition are still subject to discussion. We investigated patterns in ectomycorrhizal diversity, community composition, and exploration types on root tips in Fagus sylvatica,Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris stands across Europe. Host tree species is the most important factor shaping the ectomycorrhizal community as well as the distribution of exploration types. Moreover, abiotic factors such as soil properties, N deposition, temperature, and precipitation, were found to significantly influence EM diversity and community composition. A clear differentiation into functional traits by means of exploration types was shown for all ectomycorrhizal communities across the three analyzed tree species. Contact and short-distance exploration types were clearly significantly more abundant than cord- or rhizomorph-forming long-distance exploration types of EM fungi. Medium-distance exploration types were significantly lower in abundance than contact and short-distance types, however they were the most frequent EM taxa and constituted nearly half of the EM community. Furthermore, EM taxa exhibit distinct ecological ranges, and the type of soil exploration seemed to determine whether EM taxa have small or rather big environmental ranges.
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68
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Pozzi AC, Roy M, Nagati M, Schwob G, Manzi S, Gardes M, Moreau PA, Fernandez MP. Patterns of diversity, endemism and specialization in the root symbiont communities of alder species on the island of Corsica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:336-349. [PMID: 29377140 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the diversity, endemicity and specificity of alder symbionts could be changed by isolation in a Mediterranean glacial refugium. We studied both ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria associated with alders, and compared their communities in Corsica and on the European continent. Nodules and root tips were sampled on the three alder species present in Corsica and continental France and Italy. Phylogenies based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a multilocus sequence analysis approach were used to characterize fungal and Frankia species, respectively. Patterns of diversity, endemism and specialization were compared between hosts and regions for each symbiont community. In Corsica, communities were not generally richer than on the mainland. The species richness per site depended mainly on host identity: Alnus glutinosa and Alnus cordata hosted richer Frankia and EM communities, respectively. Half of the Frankia species were endemic to Corsica against only 4% of EM species. Corsica is not a hotspot of diversity for all alder symbionts but sustains an increased frequency of poor-dispersers such as hypogeous fungi. Generalist EM fungi and host-dependent profusely sporulating (Sp+) Frankia were abundantly associated with Corsican A. cordata, a pattern related to a more thermophilic and xerophylic climate and to the co-occurrence with other host trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien C Pozzi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR5557, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, INRIA, VetAgro Sup, HCL, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Mélissande Nagati
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Guillaume Schwob
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR5557, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Laboratoire IMPECS EA 4483, Fac. Pharma. Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Maria P Fernandez
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR5557, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
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van der Linde S, Suz LM, Orme CDL, Cox F, Andreae H, Asi E, Atkinson B, Benham S, Carroll C, Cools N, De Vos B, Dietrich HP, Eichhorn J, Gehrmann J, Grebenc T, Gweon HS, Hansen K, Jacob F, Kristöfel F, Lech P, Manninger M, Martin J, Meesenburg H, Merilä P, Nicolas M, Pavlenda P, Rautio P, Schaub M, Schröck HW, Seidling W, Šrámek V, Thimonier A, Thomsen IM, Titeux H, Vanguelova E, Verstraeten A, Vesterdal L, Waldner P, Wijk S, Zhang Y, Žlindra D, Bidartondo MI. Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Nature 2018; 558:243-248. [PMID: 29875410 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes-and their responses to environmental change-is critical. However, identifying consistent drivers of belowground diversity and abundance for some soil organisms at large spatial scales remains problematic. Here we investigate a major guild, the ectomycorrhizal fungi, across European forests at a spatial scale and resolution that is-to our knowledge-unprecedented, to explore key biotic and abiotic predictors of ectomycorrhizal diversity and to identify dominant responses and thresholds for change across complex environmental gradients. We show the effect of 38 host, environment, climate and geographical variables on ectomycorrhizal diversity, and define thresholds of community change for key variables. We quantify host specificity and reveal plasticity in functional traits involved in soil foraging across gradients. We conclude that environmental and host factors explain most of the variation in ectomycorrhizal diversity, that the environmental thresholds used as major ecosystem assessment tools need adjustment and that the importance of belowground specificity and plasticity has previously been underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse van der Linde
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK. .,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK. .,Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK.
| | - Laura M Suz
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | | | - Filipa Cox
- Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Henning Andreae
- Public Enterprise Sachsenforst, Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Pirna, Germany
| | - Endla Asi
- Estonian Environment Agency, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bonnie Atkinson
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | - Sue Benham
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK
| | | | - Nathalie Cools
- Nature and Forest Research Institute, Environment and Climate, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Nature and Forest Research Institute, Environment and Climate, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Joachim Gehrmann
- Landesamt für Natur Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hyun S Gweon
- Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Karin Hansen
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ferdinand Kristöfel
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Wien, Austria
| | - Paweł Lech
- Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | | | - Jan Martin
- Landesforstanstalt M-V BT: FVI, Schwerin, Germany
| | | | - Päivi Merilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts, Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Fontainebleau, France
| | | | - Pasi Rautio
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vít Šrámek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Thimonier
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Iben Margrete Thomsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hugues Titeux
- University of Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Arne Verstraeten
- Nature and Forest Research Institute, Environment and Climate, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Waldner
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sture Wijk
- Swedish Forest Agency, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
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Miyamoto Y, Narimatsu M, Nara K. Effects of climate, distance, and a geographic barrier on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Japan: A comparison across Blakiston's Line. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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71
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Thiem D, Gołębiewski M, Hulisz P, Piernik A, Hrynkiewicz K. How Does Salinity Shape Bacterial and Fungal Microbiomes of Alnus glutinosa Roots? Front Microbiol 2018; 9:651. [PMID: 29720967 PMCID: PMC5915629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) belongs to dual mycorrhizal trees, forming ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular (AM) root structures, as well as represents actinorrhizal plants that associate with nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia sp. We hypothesized that the unique ternary structure of symbionts can influence community structure of other plant-associated microorganisms (bacterial and fungal endophytes), particularly under seasonally changing salinity in A. glutinosa roots. In our study we analyzed black alder root bacterial and fungal microbiome present at two forest test sites (saline and non-saline) in two different seasons (spring and fall). The dominant type of root microsymbionts of alder were ectomycorrhizal fungi, whose distribution depended on site (salinity): Tomentella, Lactarius, and Phialocephala were more abundant at the saline site. Mortierella and Naucoria (representatives of saprotrophs or endophytes) displayed the opposite tendency. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonged to Glomeromycota (orders Paraglomales and Glomales), however, they represented less than 1% of all identified fungi. Bacterial community structure depended on test site but not on season. Sequences affiliated with Rhodanobacter, Granulicella, and Sphingomonas dominated at the saline site, while Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium were more abundant at the non-saline site. Moreover, genus Frankia was observed only at the saline site. In conclusion, bacterial and fungal community structure of alder root microsymbionts and endophytes depends on five soil chemical parameters: salinity, phosphorus, pH, saturation percentage (SP) as well as total organic carbon (TOC), and seasonality does not appear to be an important factor shaping microbial communities. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are the most abundant symbionts of mature alders growing in saline soils. However, specific distribution of nitrogen-fixing Frankia (forming root nodules) and association of arbuscular fungi at early stages of plant development should be taken into account in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Thiem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Hulisz
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Põlme S, Bahram M, Jacquemyn H, Kennedy P, Kohout P, Moora M, Oja J, Öpik M, Pecoraro L, Tedersoo L. Host preference and network properties in biotrophic plant-fungal associations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1230-1239. [PMID: 29165806 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods can offer insights into the structure of biological networks, but mechanisms that determine the structure of these networks remain unclear. We conducted a synthesis based on 111 previously published datasets to assess a range of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that may influence the plant-associated fungal interaction networks. We calculated the relative host effect on fungal community composition and compared nestedness and modularity among different mycorrhizal types and endophytic fungal guilds. We also assessed how plant-fungal network structure was related to host phylogeny, environmental and sampling properties. Orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities responded most strongly to host identity, but the effect of host was similar among all other fungal guilds. Community nestedness, which did not differ among fungal guilds, declined significantly with increasing mean annual precipitation on a global scale. Orchid and ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities were more modular than ectomycorrhizal and root endophytic communities, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an intermediate position. Network properties among a broad suite of plant-associated fungi were largely comparable and generally unrelated to phylogenetic distance among hosts. Instead, network metrics were predominantly affected by sampling and matrix properties, indicating the importance of study design in properly inferring ecological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Põlme
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Petr Kohout
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jane Oja
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Biotechnology & BioMedicine and Division of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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73
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Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Garibay-Orijel R, Smith ME. Caryophyllales are the main hosts of a unique set of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Neotropical dry forest. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:103-115. [PMID: 29181635 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis was long thought to be restricted to temperate forests. However, as tropical forests have been explored, it has become clear that these habitats host unique ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. We have been exploring tropical dry forests (TDF), which are endangered terrestrial ecosystems and hotspots of endemism. Since Fabaceae is the main plant family in this environment, we hypothesized that trees in this lineage would be the main ECM hosts. We sequenced the ITS rDNA region from fungi and both rbcL and trnL cpDNA from plants to identify both symbiotic partners from root tips. The systematic position of each symbiont was confirmed by Bayesian phylogenetic inference. We identified 20 plant species belonging to 10 families that hosted 19 unique ECM fungal species from 5 lineages. Most ECM fungi were associated with Caryophyllales, not with Fabaceae. Achatocarpus and Guapira, the main hosts, are scattered throughout the forest and are not in monodominant patches. The low ECM fungal diversity can be explained by the low density of host plants and their high specificity. Our results indicate that Caryophyllales is an important order of tropical ECM hosts with at least four independent evolutionary lineages that have evolved the ability to form ectomycorrhizae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito, Ciudad Universitaria. Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Cd Mx, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Edificio B, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria. Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Cd Mx, Mexico
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito, Ciudad Universitaria. Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Cd Mx, Mexico.
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0680, USA
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74
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Mucha J, Peay KG, Smith DP, Reich PB, Stefański A, Hobbie SE. Effect of Simulated Climate Warming on the Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community of Boreal and Temperate Host Species Growing Near Their Shared Ecotonal Range Limits. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:348-363. [PMID: 28741266 PMCID: PMC5742605 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can influence the establishment and performance of host species by increasing nutrient and water absorption. Therefore, understanding the response of ECM fungi to expected changes in the global climate is crucial for predicting potential changes in the composition and productivity of forests. While anthropogenic activity has, and will continue to, cause global temperature increases, few studies have investigated how increases in temperature will affect the community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The effects of global warming are expected to be particularly strong at biome boundaries and in the northern latitudes. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of experimental manipulations of temperature and canopy structure (open vs. closed) on ectomycorrhizal fungi identified from roots of host seedlings through 454 pyrosequencing. The ecotonal boundary site selected for the study was between the southern boreal and temperate forests in northern Minnesota, USA, which is the southern limit range for Picea glauca and Betula papyrifera and the northern one for Pinus strobus and Quercus rubra. Manipulations that increased air and soil temperature by 1.7 and 3.4 °C above ambient temperatures, respectively, did not change ECM richness but did alter the composition of the ECM community in a manner dependent on host and canopy structure. The prediction that colonization of boreal tree species with ECM symbionts characteristic of temperate species would occur was not substantiated. Overall, only a small proportion of the ECM community appears to be strongly sensitive to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dylan P Smith
- University of California, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Artur Stefański
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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75
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Wen Z, Shi L, Tang Y, Hong L, Xue J, Xing J, Chen Y, Nara K. Soil spore bank communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi in endangered Chinese Douglas-fir forests. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:49-58. [PMID: 28942552 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga sinensis) is an endangered Pinaceae species found in several isolated regions of China. Although soil spore banks of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can play an important role in seedling establishment after disturbance, such as in the well-known North American relative (Pseudotsuga menziesii), we have no information about soil spore bank communities in relict forests of Chinese Douglas-fir. We conducted bioassays of 73 soil samples collected from three Chinese Douglas-fir forests, using North American Douglas-fir as bait seedlings, and identified 19 species of ECM fungi. The observed spore bank communities were significantly different from those found in ECM fungi on the roots of resident trees at the same sites (p = 0.02). The levels of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), organic matter, and the pH of soil were the dominant factors shaping spore bank community structure. A new Rhizopogon species was the most dominant species in the spore banks. Specifically, at a site on Sanqing Mountain, 22 of the 57 surviving bioassay seedlings (representing 21 of the 23 soil samples) were colonized by this species. ECM fungal richness significantly affected the growth of bioassay seedlings (R 2 = 0.20, p = 0.007). Growth was significantly improved in seedlings colonized by Rhizopogon or Meliniomyces species compared with uncolonized seedlings. Considering its specificity to Chinese Douglas-fir, predominance in the soil spore banks, and positive effect on host growth, this new Rhizopogon species could play critical roles in seedling establishment and forest regeneration of endangered Chinese Douglas-fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhugui Wen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yangze Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lizhou Hong
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Jiawang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jincheng Xing
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan.
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76
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Ramos A, Garay-Serrano E, César E, Montoya L, Bandala VM. Ectomycorrhizas of two species of Tuber (clade Puberulum) in the Mexican subtropical cloud forest. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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77
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Essene AL, Shek KL, Lewis JD, Peay KG, McGuire KL. Soil Type Has a Stronger Role than Dipterocarp Host Species in Shaping the Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community in a Bornean Lowland Tropical Rain Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1828. [PMID: 29163567 PMCID: PMC5663695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The role that mycorrhizal fungal associations play in the assembly of long-lived tree communities is poorly understood, especially in tropical forests, which have the highest tree diversity of any ecosystem. The lowland tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia are characterized by high levels of species richness within the family Dipterocarpaceae, the entirety of which has been shown to form obligate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal associations. Differences in ECM assembly between co-occurring species of dipterocarp have been suggested, but never tested in adult trees, as a mechanism for maintaining the coexistence of closely related tree species in this family. Testing this hypothesis has proven difficult because the assembly of both dipterocarps and their ECM associates co-varies with the same edaphic variables. In this study, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing of soils and Sanger sequencing of root tips to evaluate how ECM fungi were structured within and across a clay-sand soil nutrient ecotone in a mixed-dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysian Borneo. We compared assembly patterns of ECM fungi in bulk soil to ECM root tips collected from three ecologically distinct species of dipterocarp. This design allowed us to test whether ECM fungi are more strongly structured by soil type or host specificity. As with previous studies of ECM fungi on this plot, we observed that clay vs. sand soil type strongly structured both the bulk soil and root tip ECM fungal communities. However, we also observed significantly different ECM communities associated with two of the three dipterocarp species evaluated on this plot. These results suggest that ECM fungal assembly on these species is shaped by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, and that the soil edaphic niche occupied by different dipterocarp species may be mediated by distinct ECM fungal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Essene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Katherine L. Shek
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - J. D. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Kabir G. Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Krista L. McGuire
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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78
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Pärtel M, Öpik M, Moora M, Tedersoo L, Szava-Kovats R, Rosendahl S, Rillig MC, Lekberg Y, Kreft H, Helgason T, Eriksson O, Davison J, de Bello F, Caruso T, Zobel M. Historical biome distribution and recent human disturbance shape the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:227-238. [PMID: 28722181 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The availability of global microbial diversity data, collected using standardized metabarcoding techniques, makes microorganisms promising models for investigating the role of regional and local factors in driving biodiversity. Here we modelled the global diversity of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi using currently available data on AM fungal molecular diversity (small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences) in field samples. To differentiate between regional and local effects, we estimated species pools (sets of potentially suitable taxa) for each site, which are expected to reflect regional processes. We then calculated community completeness, an index showing the fraction of the species pool present, which is expected to reflect local processes. We found significant spatial variation, globally in species pool size, as well as in local and dark diversity (absent members of the species pool). Species pool size was larger close to areas containing tropical grasslands during the last glacial maximum, which are possible centres of diversification. Community completeness was greater in regions of high wilderness (remoteness from human disturbance). Local diversity was correlated with wilderness and current connectivity to mountain grasslands. Applying the species pool concept to symbiotic fungi facilitated a better understanding of how biodiversity can be jointly shaped by large-scale historical processes and recent human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Robert Szava-Kovats
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Søren Rosendahl
- Department of Biology, Sect. Ecology & Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, 1001 S. Higgins Ave, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorunn Helgason
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Davison
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate Stoce 1, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tancredi Caruso
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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79
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Ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi associated with Alnus glutinosa growing in a saline area of central Poland. Symbiosis 2017; 75:17-28. [PMID: 29674805 PMCID: PMC5899101 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alnus glutinosa (black alder) is a mycorrhizal pioneer tree species with tolerance to high concentrations of salt in the soil and can therefore be considered to be an important tree for the regeneration of forests areas devastated by excessive salt. However, there is still a lack of information about the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with mature individuals of A. glutinosa growing in natural saline conditions. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of soil salinity and other physicochemical parameters on root tips colonized by EMF, as well as on the species richness and diversity of an EMF community associated with A. glutinosa growing in natural conditions. We identified a significant effect of soil salinity (expressed as electrical conductivity: ECe and EC1:5) on fungal taxa but not on the total level of EM fungal colonization on roots. Increasing soil salinity promoted dark-coloured EMF belonging to the order Thelephorales (Tomentella sp. and Thelephora sp.). These fungi are also commonly found in soils polluted with heavy-metal. The ability of these fungi to grow in contaminated soil may be due to the presence of melanine, a natural dark pigment and common wall component of the Thelephoraceae that is known to act as a protective interface between fungal metabolism and biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. Moreover, increased colonization of fungi belonging to the class of Leotiomycetes and Sordiomycetes, known as endophytic fungal species, was observed at the test sites, that contained a larger content of total phosphorus. This observation confirms the ability of commonly known endophytic fungi to form ectomycorrhizal structures on the roots of A. glutinosa under saline stress conditions.
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80
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Zhang K, Adams JM, Shi Y, Yang T, Sun R, He D, Ni Y, Chu H. Environment and geographic distance differ in relative importance for determining fungal community of rhizosphere and bulk soil. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3649-3659. [PMID: 28752936 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhizospheric fungi play major roles in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. However, little is known about the determinants of their diversity and biogeographic patterns. Here, we compared fungal communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of wheat fields in the North China Plain. The rhizosphere had a lower fungal diversity (observed OTUs and Chao1) than bulk soil, and a distinct fungal community structure in rhizosphere compared with bulk soil. The relative importance of environmental factors and geographic distance for fungal distribution differed between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Environmental factors were the primary cause of variations in total fungal community and major fungal phyla in bulk soil. By contrast, fungal communities in soils loosely attached to roots were predictable from both environmental factors and influences of geographic distance. Communities in soils tightly attached to roots were mainly determined by geographic distance. Our results suggest that both contemporary environment processes (present-day abiotic and biotic environment characters) and historical processes (spatial isolation, dispersal limitation occurred in the past) dominate variations of fungal communities in wheat fields, but their relative importance of all these processes depends on the proximity of fungal community to the plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151, Gwanak, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050021, China
| | - Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yingying Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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81
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Hiiesalu I, Bahram M, Tedersoo L. Plant species richness and productivity determine the diversity of soil fungal guilds in temperate coniferous forest and bog habitats. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4846-4858. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Department of Organismal Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
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82
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Roy M, Pozzi AC, Gareil R, Nagati M, Manzi S, Nouioui I, Sharikadze N, Jargeat P, Gryta H, Moreau PA, Fernandez MP, Gardes M. Alder and the Golden Fleece: high diversity of Frankia and ectomycorrhizal fungi revealed from Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata roots close to a Tertiary and glacial refugium. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3479. [PMID: 28729950 PMCID: PMC5518731 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent climatic history has strongly impacted plant populations, but little is known about its effect on microbes. Alders, which host few and specific symbionts, have high genetic diversity in glacial refugia. Here, we tested the prediction that communities of root symbionts survived in refugia with their host populations. We expected to detect endemic symbionts and a higher species richness in refugia as compared to recolonized areas. METHODS We sampled ectomycorrhizal (EM) root tips and the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia communities in eight sites colonized by Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata close to the Caucasus in Georgia. Three sites were located in the Colchis, one major Eurasian climatic refugia for Arcto-Tertiary flora and alders, and five sites were located in the recolonized zone. Endemic symbionts and plant ITS variants were detected by comparing sequences to published data from Europe and another Tertiary refugium, the Hyrcanian forest. Species richness and community structure were compared between sites from refugia and recolonized areas for each symbionts. RESULTS For both symbionts, most MOTUs present in Georgia had been found previously elsewhere in Europe. Three endemic Frankia strains were detected in the Colchis vs two in the recolonized zone, and the five endemic EM fungi were detected only in the recolonized zone. Frankia species richness was higher in the Colchis while the contrary was observed for EM fungi. Moreover, the genetic diversity of one alder specialist Alnicola xanthophylla was particularly high in the recolonized zone. The EM communities occurring in the Colchis and the Hyrcanian forests shared closely related endemic species. DISCUSSION The Colchis did not have the highest alpha diversity and more endemic species, suggesting that our hypothesis based on alder biogeography may not apply to alder's symbionts. Our study in the Caucasus brings new clues to understand symbioses biogeography and their survival in Tertiary and ice-age refugia, and reveals that isolated host populations could be of interest for symbiont diversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien C Pozzi
- Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne (UMR5557), Université Claude Bernard (Lyon I), CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Raphaëlle Gareil
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Melissande Nagati
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Imen Nouioui
- Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne (UMR5557), Université Claude Bernard (Lyon I), CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nino Sharikadze
- Department of Neurobiology , Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Gryta
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Laboratoire Impact de la Diversité Chimique sur la Santé Humaine (IMPECS, EA 4483), CHU, Institut Pasteur, Université du Droit et de la Sante (Lille II), Lille, France
| | - Maria P Fernandez
- Laboratoire Ecologie Microbienne (UMR5557), Université Claude Bernard (Lyon I), CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, Toulouse, France
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83
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Wang X, Liu J, Long D, Han Q, Huang J. The ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Quercus liaotungensis in different habitats across northern China. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:441-449. [PMID: 28120112 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercus liaotungensis is a major tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in northern China. In this study, we investigated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with Q. liaotungensis from five typical habitats across northern China. We used internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to identify ECM fungi, and we detected 220 operational taxonomic units. In general, at the regional scale, the dominant ECM lineages were /tomentella-thelephora, /cenococcum, /russula-lactarius, and /inocybe. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in alpha diversity among these ECM communities, and the ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with elevation and soil organic matter. Analysis of similarity and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that there were significant differences in community composition, and the geographical distance was correlated with the ECM fungal communities. Among the environmental factors we studied, soil parameters and climate factors were the primary direct driving factors of the ECM fungal communities. Our study primarily advances our understanding of environmental factors affecting ECM fungal communities at regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientational Research Station, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750000, China.
| | - Dongfeng Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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84
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Tedersoo L. Correspondence: Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15572. [PMID: 28585543 PMCID: PMC5467159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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85
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Ectomycorrhizal community composition and structure of a mature red alder ( Alnus rubra ) stand. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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86
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Abstract
Fungi represent a large proportion of the genetic diversity on Earth and fungal activity influences the structure of plant and animal communities, as well as rates of ecosystem processes. Large-scale DNA-sequencing datasets are beginning to reveal the dimensions of fungal biodiversity, which seem to be fundamentally different to bacteria, plants and animals. In this Review, we describe the patterns of fungal biodiversity that have been revealed by molecular-based studies. Furthermore, we consider the evidence that supports the roles of different candidate drivers of fungal diversity at a range of spatial scales, as well as the role of dispersal limitation in maintaining regional endemism and influencing local community assembly. Finally, we discuss the ecological mechanisms that are likely to be responsible for the high heterogeneity that is observed in fungal communities at local scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Jennifer M Talbot
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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87
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Sato H, Tanabe AS, Toju H. Host shifts enhance diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi: diversification rate analysis of the ectomycorrhizal fungal genera Strobilomyces and Afroboletus with an 80-gene phylogeny. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:443-454. [PMID: 27918625 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutualisms with new host lineages can provide symbionts with novel ecological opportunities to expand their geographical distribution, thereby leading to evolutionary diversification. Because ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi provide ideal opportunities to test the relationship between host shifts and diversification, we tested whether mutualism with new host lineages could increase the diversification rates of ECM fungi. Using a Bayesian tree inferred from 23 027-base nucleotide sequences of 80 single-copy genes, we tested whether the diversification rate had changed through host-shift events in the monophyletic clade containing the ECM fungal genera Strobilomyces and Afroboletus. The results indicated that these fungi were initially associated with Caesalpinioideae/Monotoideae in Africa, acquired associations with Dipterocarpoideae in tropical Asia, and then switched to Fagaceae/Pinaceae and Nothofagaceae/Eucalyptus. Fungal lineages associated with Fagaceae/Pinaceae were inferred to have approximately four-fold and two-fold greater diversification rates than those associated with Caesalpinioideae/Monotoideae and Dipterocarpoideae or Nothofagaceae/Eucalyptus, respectively. Moreover, the diversification rate shift was inferred to follow the host shift to Fagaceae/Pinaceae. Our study suggests that host-shift events, particularly those occurring with respect to Fagaceae/Pinaceae, can provide ecological opportunities for the rapid diversification of Strobilomyces-Afroboletus. Although further studies are needed for generalization, we propose a possible diversification scenario of ECM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sato
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 509-3, 2-chome, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
- Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Facility of Science & Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta-Oe, Otsu, 520-2194, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akifumi S Tanabe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Toju
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyoku Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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88
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Phylogenetic relationships and spatial distributions of putative fungal pathogens of seedlings across a rainfall gradient in Panama. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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89
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Bruzone MC, Fehrer J, Fontenla SB, Vohník M. First record of Rhizoscyphus ericae in Southern Hemisphere's Ericaceae. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:147-163. [PMID: 27778093 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhiza is arguably the least investigated mycorrhizal type, particularly when related to the number of potential hosts and the ecosystems they inhabit. Little is known about the global distribution of ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi, and this holds true even for the prominent ErM mycobiont Rhizoscyphus ericae. Earlier studies suggested R. ericae might be low in abundance or absent in the roots of Southern Hemisphere's Ericaceae, and our previous investigations in two Argentine Patagonian forests supported this view. Here, we revisited the formerly investigated area, albeit at a higher altitude, and screened fungi inhabiting hair roots of Gaultheria caespitosa and Gaultheria pumila at a treeless alpine site using the same methods as previously. We obtained 234 isolates, most of them belonging to Ascomycota. In contrast to previous findings, however, among 37 detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs), OTU 1 (=R. ericae s. str.) comprised the highest number of isolates (87, ∼37 %). Most of the OTUs and isolates belonged to the Helotiales, and 82.5 % of isolates belonged to OTUs shared between both Gaultheria species. At the alpine site, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi dominated, followed by dark septate endophytes and aquatic hyphomycetes probably acting as root endophytes. Our results suggest that the distribution of R. ericae is influenced, among others, by factors related to altitude such as soil type and presence/absence and type of the neighboring vegetation. Our study is the first report on R. ericae colonizing Ericaceae roots in the Southern Hemisphere and extends the known range of this prominent ErM species to NW Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clara Bruzone
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Judith Fehrer
- DNA Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Sonia B Fontenla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Martin Vohník
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany CAS, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic.
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic.
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90
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Hayward J, Tourtellot SG, Horton TR. A revision of theAlpova diplophloeuscomplex in North America. Mycologia 2017; 106:846-55. [DOI: 10.3852/13-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas R. Horton
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210
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91
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Montoya L, Bandala VM, Garay E. Two new species ofLactariusassociated withAlnus acuminatasubsp.argutain Mexico. Mycologia 2017; 106:949-62. [DOI: 10.3852/14-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edith Garay
- Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000, Mexico
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92
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93
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Pärtel M, Zobel M, Öpik M, Tedersoo L. Global Patterns in Local and Dark Diversity, Species Pool Size and Community Completeness in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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94
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Overview of Phylogenetic Approaches to Mycorrhizal Biogeography, Diversity and Evolution. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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95
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96
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Põlme S, Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Tedersoo L. Biogeography and Specificity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Coccoloba uvifera. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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97
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Wisitrassameewong K, Looney BP, Le HT, De Crop E, Das K, Van de Putte K, Eberhardt U, Jiayu G, Stubbe D, Hyde KD, Verbeken A, Nuytinck J. Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1554-1581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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98
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associating with roots of Alnus and Rubus in Europe and the Middle East. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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99
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Barnes CJ, Maldonado C, Frøslev TG, Antonelli A, Rønsted N. Unexpectedly High Beta-Diversity of Root-Associated Fungal Communities in the Bolivian Andes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1377. [PMID: 27630629 PMCID: PMC5006319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bolivia is one of the most biologically diverse countries on the planet. Between the Andes and the Amazon drainage basin spans the Yungas, a vast forested region shown to be extremely species rich in macro-organisms. However, it remains unclear whether this high diversity is also reflected in microbial diversity. Here we assess the genetic, taxonomic and functional diversity of root-associated fungi surrounding Cinchona calisaya trees, a typical element of the intermediate altitudes of the Bolivian Yungas. We determine the relative effects of edaphic properties, climate, and geography in regulating fungal community assembly. We show that α-diversity for these fungal communities was similar to temperate and arid ecosystems, averaging 90.1 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per sample, with reads predominantly assigned to the Ascomycota phylum and with a saprotrophic lifestyle. ß-diversity was calculated as the distance-decay rate, and in contrast to α-diversity, was exceptionally high with a rate of −0.407. Soil properties (pH and P) principally regulated fungal community assembly in an analogous manner to temperate environments, with pH and phosphorus explaining 7.8 and 7.2% of community variation respectively. Surprisingly, altitude does not influence community formation, and there is limited evidence that climate (precipitation and temperature) play a role. Our results suggest that sampling should be performed over a wide geographical and environmental range in order to capture the full root-associated fungal diversity in subtropical regions. This study sheds further light on the diversity and distribution of the world's “hidden biodiversity.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Barnes
- Nina Rønsted Lab, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Maldonado
- Nina Rønsted Lab, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San AndresLa Paz, Bolivia
| | - Tobias G Frøslev
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden; Gothenburg Botanical GardenGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden; Gothenburg Botanical GardenGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Nina Rønsted Lab, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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100
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Mujica MI, Saez N, Cisternas M, Manzano M, Armesto JJ, Pérez F. Relationship between soil nutrients and mycorrhizal associations of two Bipinnula species (Orchidaceae) from central Chile. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:149-58. [PMID: 27311572 PMCID: PMC4934401 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mycorrhizal associations are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, including climate, soil conditions and the identity of host plants. However, the effect of environmental conditions on orchid mycorrhizal associations remains poorly understood. The present study examined how differences in soil nutrient availability are related to the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungi associated with two terrestrial orchid species from central Chile. METHODS For 12 populations of Bipinnula fimbriata and B. plumosa, OTU (operational taxonomic unit) richness, phylogenetic diversity and community composition of mycorrhizal fungi in root samples were estimated using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Then, these mycorrhizal diversity variables were related to soil nutrients and host species using generalized linear models and non-metric multidimensional scaling. KEY RESULTS Variation in OTU composition of mycorrhizal fungi among sites was explained mainly by orchid host species. Fungi in Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae were isolated from both orchid species, but the former were more frequent in B. fimbriata and the latter in B. plumosa. Soil nutrients and orchid host species had significant effects on OTU richness and phylogenetic diversity. Mycorrhizal diversity decreased in habitats with higher N in both species and increased with P availability only in B. fimbriata CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that soil nutrient availability modulates orchid mycorrhizal associations and provide support for the hypothesis that specialization is favoured by higher soil nutrient availability. Inter-specific differences in mycorrhizal composition can arise due to a geographical pattern of distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi, host preferences for fungal partners or differential performance of mycorrhizal fungi under different nutrient availabilities. Further experiments are needed to evaluate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Mujica
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saez
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cisternas
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4-D, Quillota, Chile Jardín Botánico Nacional, camino El Olivar 305, El Salto, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marlene Manzano
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan J Armesto
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Pérez
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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