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Ersig AL, Brown RL, Malecki K. Association Between Food Allergy, Psychological Stress, and Allostatic Load. West J Nurs Res 2021; 44:946-954. [PMID: 34060963 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211019042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL), the cumulative biological burden of persistently high stress exposure, influences adult health and well-being across the lifespan, and can be measured with clinical indicators, such as BMI, blood pressure (BP), and waist-hip ratio. Adverse childhood events and other stressors contribute to AL, but stress from other sources, such as previously diagnosed chronic health conditions, has been overlooked. We hypothesized that adults with these conditions would have more stress exposures, higher perceived stress, worse mental health, and higher AL, compared to controls. A secondary analysis of deidentified data from cases with self-reported food allergies and controls found that individuals with chronic health conditions reported more stress exposures, higher levels of perceived stress, and had higher AL, compared to controls. However, other results did not support the study hypotheses. Future studies should examine additional AL measures, such as biomarkers of stress response, in individuals with existing chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Ersig
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roger L Brown
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Su Z, Zeng K, Feng B, Tang L, Sun C, Wang X, Li C, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Kun-Dan Decoction Ameliorates Insulin Resistance by Activating AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670151. [PMID: 34122092 PMCID: PMC8193673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Insulin resistance is the leading risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Kun-Dan decoction (KD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been applied to treat patients with metabolic syndrome for over ten years. It is increasingly recognized that autophagy deficiency is the key cause of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether KD can activate autophagy to improve metabolic syndrome. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to explore the underlying mechanism of KD in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The high-fat diet-fed rats and oleic acid-induced LO2 cells were employed in our study. Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test, obesity and histological examination, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the protein expressions of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phospho-mTOR, p62, autophagy related protein (Atg) 5, Atg7, Atg12, Atg13, Atg16L1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-Ⅱ/Ⅰ were examined in rats and LO2 cells. Moreover, autophagy activator rapamycin and inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and small interfering RNA against Atg7 were utilized to verify the role of autophagy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by KD in oleic acid-induced LO2 cells. Results: Results from network pharmacology indicated that targeted insulin resistance might be the critical mechanism of KD in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. We found that KD significantly suppressed obesity, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C levels and increased serum HDL-C level in high-fat diet-fed rats. Furthermore, KD enhanced insulin sensitivity and attenuated HOMA-IR in high-fat diet-fed rats. Western blot showed that KD could enhance autophagy to increase the insulin sensitivity of high-fat diet-fed rats and oleic acid-induced LO2 cells. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine and small interfering RNA against Atg7 could reverse the protective effect of KD on LO2 cells. However, rapamycin could cooperate with KD to enhance autophagic activation to increase insulin sensitivity in LO2 cells. Conclusion: The induction of autophagy may be the major mechanism for KD to improve insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexue Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xieqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Potzel AL, Gar C, Seissler J, Lechner A. A Smartphone App (TRIANGLE) to Change Cardiometabolic Risk Behaviors in Women Following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Intervention Mapping Approach. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e26163. [PMID: 33973864 PMCID: PMC8150415 DOI: 10.2196/26163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Behavioral interventions can reduce this risk, but current solutions insufficiently address the requirements for such a program. The systematic development of a scalable mobile health (mHealth) promotion program for mothers during the first years post-GDM may contribute to solving this problem. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to systematically plan and develop a theory- and evidence-based mHealth intervention to change cardiometabolic risk behaviors in women during the first 5 years post-GDM that meets women's expected standards of commercial health apps. METHODS The intervention mapping steps 1 to 4 structured the systematic planning and development of the mHealth program described in this paper. Steps 1 and 2 led to a theory- and evidence-based logic model of change for cardiometabolic health. Based on this model, the prevention program was designed (step 3) and produced (step 4) in cooperation with industrial partners to ensure a high technological standard of the resulting smartphone app for the iPhone (Apple Inc). Step 4 included a user study with women during the first 5 years post-GDM once a beta version of the app ("TRIANGLE") was available. The user study comprised 2 test rounds of 1 week (n=5) and 4 weeks (n=6), respectively. The tests included validated questionnaires on user acceptance, user logs, and think-alouds with semistructured interviews. RESULTS The novel TRIANGLE app is among the first self-paced smartphone apps for individual habit change in the 3 lifestyle areas of physical activity, nutrition, and psychosocial well-being. The 3 core features-a challenge system, human coaching, and a library-address 11 behavioral determinants with 39 behavior change methods to support lifestyle changes. Participants in the user study showed a high acceptance, high perceived quality, and high perceived impact of the TRIANGLE app on their health behaviors. Participants tested the app regularly, used it intuitively, and suggested improvements. We then adapted the TRIANGLE app according to the insights from the user study before the full TRIANGLE program production. CONCLUSIONS The intervention mapping approach was feasible to plan and develop an innovative and scalable smartphone solution for women during the first 5 years post-GDM. The resulting TRIANGLE intervention has the potential to support behavior change for cardiometabolic disease prevention. However, the app needs further refinement and testing in clinical trials. Intervention mapping steps 5 (implementation plan) and 6 (evaluation plan) may support the integration of the TRIANGLE intervention into routine care. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00012736; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00012736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lotte Potzel
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Gar
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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Bartosiewicz A, Łuszczki E, Nagórska M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Dereń K. Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050267. [PMID: 33922860 PMCID: PMC8145067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-851-6811
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Nagórska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
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Sørensen JB, Lasgaard M, Willert MV, Larsen FB. The relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on global perceived stress in a cross-sectional population-based sample. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:543. [PMID: 33740936 PMCID: PMC7980655 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of perceived stress have a negative bearing on health and well-being, and stress is a major public health issue. According to the Stress Process Model, stressors are socially patterned and combine to produce strain. Despite this, most studies on stress have focused on work-related stressors leaving non-work determinants under-investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support for the overall perceived stress level. Methods Self-reported data were drawn from the 2017 population-based health survey “How are you?” conducted in the Central Denmark Region (N = 32,417). Data were linked with data drawn from national administrative registers. Work- and non-work-related stressors assessed included major life events, chronic stressors and daily hassles. Perceived social support was assessed using a single question. Overall perceived stress was assessed by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. We conducted dominance analyses based on a multiple linear regression model to determine the most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress. Analyses were weighted and adjusted. Results Work- and non-work-related stressors along with perceived social support explained 42.5% of the total variance (R2) in overall perceived stress. The most important explanatory variables were disease, perceived social support and work situation. The stratified analyses produced slightly varying results (“dominance profiles”) of perceived stress between subgroups. Work situation was the most important explanatory variable in the employed group. However, adding non-work-related explanatory variables to the analysis tripled the explained variance. Conclusions The overall level of perceived stress can be statistically explained by a combination of work- and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support both at population level and in subgroups. The most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress are disease, perceived social support and work situation. Results indicate that public health strategies aiming to reduce stress should take a comprehensive approach and address a variety of stressor domains rather than focus on a single domain. Trial registration The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (r. no. 2012-58-0006) and registered in the Central Denmark Region (r. no. 1-16-02-593-16). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Bak Sørensen
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Alle 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Alle 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Morten Vejs Willert
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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56
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Kuo WC, Oakley LD, Brown RL, Hagen EW, Barnet JH, Peppard PE, Bratzke LC. Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Financial Stress and Metabolic Abnormalities. Nurs Res 2021; 70:123-131. [PMID: 33630535 PMCID: PMC8106736 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Financial stress is associated with higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease, but the extent to which this association differs by type of metabolic abnormalities or gender is unclear. OBJECTIVES The study aims were (a) to examine the association between financial stress and the prevalence of common metabolic abnormalities and (b) to test the association for gender differences. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Retirement and Sleep Trajectories study, an ancillary study of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study. Composite indicator structural equation alpha modeling with a stacking approach was applied in the data analysis. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia, with significant gender differences. Among men, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Among women, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Men living with financial stress are more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia, a specific metabolic abnormality and risk factor for acute cardiovascular events. However, financial stress in women is associated with a broader array of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., dyslipidemia, prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome), highlighting a potential risk of multiple chronic conditions later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-chin Kuo
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI
| | - Linda D. Oakley
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI
| | - Roger L. Brown
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI
| | - Erika W. Hagen
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Science, Madison, WI
| | - Jodi H. Barnet
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Science, Madison, WI
| | - Paul E. Peppard
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Science, Madison, WI
| | - Lisa C. Bratzke
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI
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57
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Cortes ML, Louzado JA, Oliveira MG, Bezerra VM, Mistro S, Medeiros DS, Soares DA, Silva KO, Kochergin CN, Carvalho VCHS, Amorim WW, Mengue SS. Association between perceived stress and health-risk behaviours in workers. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 27:746-760. [PMID: 33295792 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1859567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who experience stress can engage in health-risk behaviours that may decrease work performance. The aim of this study was to determine perceived stress levels in Brazilian workers and verify whether perceived stress was associated with health-risk behaviours. Stress levels of 1,270 workers (1,019 men, 251 women) were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. The health-risk behaviours investigated were low intake of vegetables and fruits, daily smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and the presence of obesity. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in stress levels. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and health-risk behaviours. Women had higher perceived stress levels than men. In addition, perceived stress levels were higher in those who had low socioeconomic status, were unmarried, had a negative perception of their health, were smokers, or had obesity. Smoking and the presence of two or more health-risk behaviours were associated with 1.84 (95% CI: 1.24-2.73) times and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.18-1.89) times higher odds of experiencing higher degrees of stress, respectively. In women, such an association was observed with the presence of obesity (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.01-3.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Cortes
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J A Louzado
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M G Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - V M Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S Mistro
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D S Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D A Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - K O Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - C N Kochergin
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - V C H S Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - W W Amorim
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S S Mengue
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gelaye B, Foster S, Bhasin M, Tawakol A, Fricchione G. SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality in racial/ethnic minority populations: A window into the stress related inflammatory basis of health disparities? Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100158. [PMID: 33052326 PMCID: PMC7543984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health disparity related to race/ethnicity has been cited as “the most serious and shameful health care issue of our time”(Peterson et al., 2018). A portion of the now recognized disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) communities is attributable to social determinants such as socioeconomic status (SES), physical living situation, health care access, and the psychosocial factors associated with socioenvironmental circumstances such as bias, victimization, trauma and toxic stress as well as structural factors that reduce the capacity to practice physical distancing (Agurs-Collins et al., 2019). In this paper, we hypothesize that, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionate socio-economic and environmental stressors in the BIPOC population promoted heightened stress-associated neurobiological activity (Stress-NbA). This chronic elevation in Stress-NbA results in down-stream complications of chronic stress including underactivation of anti-viral type I IFN pathway genes. This results in an increase in susceptibility to viral diseases, including coronavirus illnesses. Additionally, Stress-NbA chronically potentiates systemic inflammation (from hematopoietic system activation with myelopoiesis) increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and setting the stage for stress-related chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This process was propelled by overactivation of immune cell gene expression in the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) activation pathway and underactivation of gene expression in the anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) pathway. The higher prevalence of MetS and NCDs in minority populations turned out to be predictive of the elevated risk they would face in the presence of a highly contagious viral pandemic. The stress-related generation of a chronic non-pathogen associated molecular pattern (non-PAMP) immunoactivation state led to decreased viral immune defense and increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection with increased risk of severe illness induced by cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). There is a disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic, existing disproportionate structural, socio-economic and environmental stressors in the BIPOC communities may have resulted in heightened stress-associated neurobiological activity (Stress-NbA). In this paper, we hypothesize that a combination of chronic elevation of stress-NbA, systemic inflammation, stress response and immune response related factors aligned against BIPIC communities are potential drivers of excess morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simmie Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biomedical Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Hagger MS, Keech JJ, Hamilton K. Managing stress during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and beyond: Reappraisal and mindset approaches. Stress Health 2020; 36:396-401. [PMID: 32588961 PMCID: PMC7361383 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Hagger
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA,Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland,Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Social SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia,School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQueenslandAustralia
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Shank LM, Higgins Neyland MK, Lavender JM, Schindler R, Solomon S, Hennigan K, Leu W, Schvey NA, Sbrocco T, Jorgensen S, Stephens M, Olsen CH, Haigney M, Klein DA, Quinlan J, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in adolescent military dependents at high-risk for adult obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12638. [PMID: 32286006 PMCID: PMC8183113 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome in adolescence has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Preliminary data suggest that boys may have worsened metabolic syndrome components compared to girls. Yet, little is known about the physical health of military dependents, a potentially at-risk population. OBJECTIVE Examine sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in a sample of adolescent military dependents. METHODS Participants were adolescents (N = 139; 14.4 ± 1.6 years; 45.3% male; 41.0% non-Hispanic White, 19.4% non-Hispanic Black; BMI-z: 1.9 ± 0.4) at-risk for adult obesity and binge-eating disorder due to an age- and sex-adjusted BMI ≥85th percentile and loss-of-control eating and/or elevated anxiety. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare objectively measured metabolic syndrome components across boys and girls. Covariates were age, race, loss-of-control eating status, anxiety symptoms, and BMI-z. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome components differed by sex (P = .01). Boys had higher systolic blood pressure (P = .049), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .01), and higher glucose (P = .001) than girls. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides did not differ between boys and girls (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Future research should prospectively examine these relationships into adulthood. If the current findings are supported, prevention programs should consider targeting cardiometabolic health particularly among male adolescent military dependents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Shank
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Katy Higgins Neyland
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rachel Schindler
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Senait Solomon
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathrin Hennigan
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - William Leu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Mark Stephens
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara H. Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Haigney
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A. Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Malcolm Grow Medical Clinics and Surgery Center, Joint Base Andrews, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
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