51
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Jan R, Khan MA, Asaf S, Lubna, Lee IJ, Kim KM. Metal Resistant Endophytic Bacteria Reduces Cadmium, Nickel Toxicity, and Enhances Expression of Metal Stress Related Genes with Improved Growth of Oryza Sativa, via Regulating Its Antioxidant Machinery and Endogenous Hormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E363. [PMID: 31547575 PMCID: PMC6844085 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tolerance of plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs) against various concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) was investigated. Two glutathione-producing bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii SAK5 and Exiguobacterium indicum SA22) were screened for Cd and Ni accumulation and tolerance in contaminated media, which showed resistance up to 1.0 mM. Both strains were further evaluated by inoculating specific plants with the bacteria for five days prior to heavy metal treatment (0.5 and 1.0 mM). The enhancement of biomass and growth attributes such as the root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and chlorophyll content were compared between treated inoculated plants and treated non-inoculated plants. Both strains significantly increased the accumulation of Cd and Ni in inoculated plants. The accumulation of both heavy metals was higher in the roots than in the shoots, however; Ni accumulation was greater than Cd. Heavy metal stress-responsive genes such as OsGST, OsMTP1, and OsPCS1 were significantly upregulated in treated non-inoculated plants compared with treated inoculated plants, suggesting that both strains reduced heavy metal stress. Similarly, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased with increased heavy metal concentration; however, it was reduced in inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants. Salicylic acid (SA) was found to exert synergistic effects with ABA. The application of suitable endophytic bacteria can protect against heavy metal hyperaccumulation by enhancing detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.J.); (M.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.J.); (M.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa 616, Nizwa 611, Oman;
| | - Lubna
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.J.); (M.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.J.); (M.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
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Demecsová L, Tamás L. Reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in metal-stressed roots: toxicity or defence. Biometals 2019; 32:717-744. [PMID: 31541378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review is a summary on the current knowledge about metal induced stress response in plants, focusing on the roles of reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in roots. The article focuses mainly on the difference between defence and toxicity symptoms of roots during metal-induced stress. Nowadays, pollution of soils by heavy metals is a rapidly growing issue, which affects agriculture and human health. In order to deal with these problems, we must first understand the basic mechanisms and responses to environmental conditions in plants growing under such conditions. Studies so far show somewhat conflicting data, interpreting the same stress responses as both symptoms of defence and toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give a report about current knowledge of heavy metal-induced stress research, and also to differentiate between toxicity and defence, and outline the challenges of research, focusing on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, auxin, and the interplay among them. There are still remaining questions on how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as auxin, can activate either symptoms of toxicity or defence, and adaptation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Calero-Muñoz N, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Collado-Arenal AM, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Laureano-Marín AM, Santamaría ME, Gotor C, Díaz I, Mullineaux PM, Romero-Puertas MC, Olmedilla A, Sandalio LM. Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species-dependent pexophagy in Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2696-2714. [PMID: 31152467 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium treatment induces transient peroxisome proliferation in Arabidopsis leaves. To determine whether this process is regulated by pexophagy and to identify the mechanisms involved, we analysed time course-dependent changes in ATG8, an autophagy marker, and the accumulation of peroxisomal marker PEX14a. After 3 hr of Cd exposure, the transcript levels of ATG8h, ATG8c, a, and i were slightly up-regulated and then returned to normal. ATG8 protein levels also increased after 3 hr of Cd treatment, although an opposite pattern was observed in PEX14. Arabidopsis lines expressing GFP-ATG8a and CFP-SKL enabled us to demonstrate the presence of pexophagic processes in leaves. The Cd-dependent induction of pexophagy was demonstrated by the accumulation of peroxisomes in autophagy gene (ATG)-related Arabidopsis knockout mutants atg5 and atg7. We show that ATG8a colocalizes with catalase and NBR1 in the electron-dense peroxisomal core, thus suggesting that NBR1 may be an autophagic receptor for peroxisomes, with catalase being possibly involved in targeting pexophagy. Protein carbonylation and peroxisomal redox state suggest that protein oxidation may trigger pexophagy. Cathepsine B, legumain, and caspase 6 may also be involved in the regulation of pexophagy. Our results suggest that pexophagy could be an important step in rapid cell responses to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Calero-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Ana M Laureano-Marín
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaría
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), The National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), The National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | | | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Adela Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, 18008, Spain
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54
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Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Del-Val C, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Role of nitric oxide in plant responses to heavy metal stress: exogenous application versus endogenous production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4477-4488. [PMID: 31125416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, lead to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in soil, water, and air. Given their stability in the environment, heavy metals are difficult to eliminate and can constitute a human health risk by entering the food chain through uptake by crop plants. An excess of heavy metals is toxic for plants, which have various mechanisms to prevent their accumulation. However, once metals enter the plant, oxidative damage sometimes occurs, which can lead to plant death. Initial production of nitric oxide (NO), which may play a role in plant perception, signalling, and stress acclimation, has been shown to protect against heavy metals. Very little is known about NO-dependent mechanisms downstream from signalling pathways in plant responses to heavy metal stress. In this review, using bioinformatic techniques, we analyse studies of the involvement of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress, its possible role as a cytoprotective molecule, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. Some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are outlined to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms underlying the role of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Del-Val
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Data Science and Computational Intelligence Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
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55
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Demecsová L, Bočová B, Zelinová V, Tamás L. Enhanced nitric oxide generation mitigates cadmium toxicity via superoxide scavenging leading to the formation of peroxynitrite in barley root tip. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 238:20-28. [PMID: 31125706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the possible function of increased superoxide and NO production in the response of barley root tip to the harmful level of Cd. While superoxide generation was detected only in the transition zone, the formation of NO was observed in the apical elongation zones of the control root tips. However, the root region with the superoxide generation was also associated with peroxynitrite specific fluorescence signal. Superoxide, H2O2 and peroxynitrite generation increased with Cd treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In turn, NO level increased at low 10-20 μM but decreased at high 50-60 μM Cd concentrations in comparison with the control. While co-treatment of roots with rotenone markedly attenuated the Cd-induced superoxide generation and lipid peroxidation, it increased the level of NO in the root tips. Although rotenone did not influence the Cd-induced increase of GPX activity at 10-30 μM Cd concentrations, it markedly reversed the high 40-60 μM Cd concentrations-induced decline of GPX activity. Cd-induced cell death was associated with robust superoxide generation, but not with a high level of peroxynitrite. The Cd-evoked inhibition of root growth was significantly reversed by a strong antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine but not by a peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid, suggesting that similarly to Cd-induced cell death, an imbalance in the ROS homeostasis and not an enhanced level of peroxynitrite is responsible for the Cd-induced root growth inhibition. Based on these findings, it can be assumed that NO acts mainly in the regulation of superoxide level in the tips of root. Under Cd stress, the enhanced NO level is involved in the scavenging of highly toxic superoxide through the formation of peroxynitrite, thus reducing the superoxide-mediated cell death in barley root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Beáta Bočová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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56
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Effects of exogenous sulfur on alleviating cadmium stress in tartary buckwheat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7397. [PMID: 31089197 PMCID: PMC6517408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplying exogenous sulfur-rich compounds increases the content of glutathione(GSH) and phytochelatins(PCs) in plant tissues, enabling plants to enhance their cellular defense capacity and/or compartmentalize Cadmium(Cd) into vacuoles. However, the mechanism by which surplus S modulates tolerance to Cd stress in different tissues need further investigation. In the present study, we found that supplementing the tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tararicum) exposed to Cd with surplus S reversed Cd induced adverse effects, and increased Cd concentrations in roots, but decreased in leaves. Further analysis revealed that exogenous S significantly mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress with the aids of antioxidant enzymes and agents both in leaves and roots, including peroxidase(POD), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), glutathione S-transferase(GST), ascorbic acid(AsA), and GSH, but not superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). The increased Cd uptake in root vacuoles and decreased translocation in leaves of exogenous S treated plants could be ascribed to the increasing Cd binding on cell walls, chelation and vacuolar sequestration with helps of non-protein thiols(NPT), PCs and heavy metal ATPase 3(FtHMA3) in roots, and inhibiting expression of FtHMA2, a transporter that helps Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Results provide the fundamental information for the application of exogenous S in reversal of heavy metal stress.
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57
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Dang F, Lin J, Chen Y, Li GX, Guan D, Zheng SJ, He S. A feedback loop between CaWRKY41 and H2O2 coordinates the response to Ralstonia solanacearum and excess cadmium in pepper. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1581-1595. [PMID: 30649526 PMCID: PMC6416791 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in both plant immunity and plant responses to cadmium (Cd); however, the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between these processes is unclear. Here, we characterized the roles of CaWRKY41, a group III WRKY transcription factor, in immunity against the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and Cd stress responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment. Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41 increased Cd tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility, while heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation. Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were down-regulated in CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, whereas genes encoding Zn transporters and enzymes involved in H2O2 production were up-regulated. Consistent with these findings, the ocp3 (overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3) mutant, which has elevated H2O2 levels, displayed enhanced sensitivity to Cd stress. These results suggest that a positive feedback loop between H2O2 accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure. This mechanism might reduce Cd tolerance by increasing Cd uptake via Zn transporters, while enhancing resistance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Correspondence: or
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58
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Kushwaha BK, Singh S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S, Prasad SM, Chauhan DK, Kumar V, Singh VP. New adventitious root formation and primary root biomass accumulation are regulated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in rice seedlings under arsenate stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:134-140. [PMID: 30176411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules regulating development of plants. However under metal stress, in developmental processes of plants their implications are not largely known. Therefore, in the present study, role of NO and ROS crosstalk in the regulation of formation of new adventitious roots (NARs) and primary root biomass accumulation (PRBA) has been investigated in rice seedlings under arsenate (AsV) stress. Addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) induced formation of NARs, increased PRBA, and maintained the redox status of ascorbate and cell cycle dynamics. However, addition of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, a NO scavenger) either in presence of SNP or in its absence blocked formation of NARs and reduced PRBA. Further, to decipher crosstalk of NO and ROS, we used diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase), and even in presence of SNP it blocked formation of NARs which indicate that ROS are also essential for formation of NARs. Further a connection of NO-ROS signaling with the redox status of ascorbate and the cell cycle dynamics, governing formation of NARs and PRBA in rice seedlings under AsV stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335, Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India.
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335, Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Azizollahi Z, Ghaderian SM, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA. Cadmium accumulation and its effects on physiological and biochemical characters of summer savory ( Satureja hortensis L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1241-1253. [PMID: 31140292 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1619163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity on accumulation, growth, physiological responses, and biochemical characters in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Plants were subjected to different levels of Cd concentrations including 0 (control), 2.5, 5, and 15 mg L-1 in the growing medium. Cd exposure led to a significant increase in root and shoot Cd content. Calculation of bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, and transfer coefficient revealed that Cd mostly accumulated in roots of S. hortensis and root to shoot transport was effectively restricted. Cd toxicity negatively affected plant growth and significantly reduced chlorophyll content. Contrarily, proline, soluble and reducing carbohydrates, anthocyanin content, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased as a result of Cd exposure. Cd application led to a significant increase in essential oil content of S. hortensis. GC-MS analysis revealed that percentage main constitute of S. hortensi, carvacrol, which determines the quality of oil increased under the highest Cd treatment. Based on our findings, S. hortensis can be considered an invaluable alternative crop for mildly Cd-contaminated soils. Besides, due to the high potential of Cd accumulation in the root, S. hortensis may offer a feasible tool for phytostabilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azizollahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
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60
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Na J, Hwang S. Expression of the Tobacco Non-symbiotic Class 1 Hemoglobin Gene Hb1 Reduces Cadmium Levels by Modulating Cd Transporter Expression Through Decreasing Nitric Oxide and ROS Level in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30853969 PMCID: PMC6396062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) proteins are ubiquitous in plants, and non-symbiotic class 1 hemoglobin (Hb1) is involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, the expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced induction of NO levels in response to Cd, suggesting scavenging of NO by Hb1. In addition, transgenic plants had reduced accumulation of ROS and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) in response to Cd. While the expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) was increased, that of the Cd importers iron responsive transporter 1 (IRT1) and P-type 2B Ca2+ ATPase (ACA10) was reduced in response to Cd. When Col-0 plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2, the expression pattern of Cd transporters (PDR8, CAX3, IRT1, and ACA10) was reversed, suggesting that NtHb1 expression decreased the Cd level by regulating the expression of Cd transporters via decreased NO and ROS. Correspondingly, NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis showed increased Cd export. In summary, the expression of NtHb1 reduces Cd levels by regulating Cd transporter expression via decreased NO and ROS levels in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JongDuk Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seongbin Hwang,
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61
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Zhang J, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Reactive oxygen species initiate a protective response in plant roots to stress induced by environmental bisphenol A. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:197-205. [PMID: 29475125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a contaminant of emerging concern, can affect plant growth and development at high concentrations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a general primary response in plants to stress. Here, the aim is to investigate whether ROS in plants play protective roles for stress induced by BPA exposure at environmental concentrations. In this study, soybean roots (seedling, flowering and podding stages) were exposed to 1.5 and 3.0 mg L-1 BPA, and ROS response was measured. The relationship between ROS levels and residual BPA content in soybean roots was evaluated. The results showed that exposure (9 h) to 1.5 mg L-1 BPA elicited changes in ROS production. ROS then gradually accumulated in soybean roots (seedling stage). Exposure to 3.0 mg L-1 BPA elicited a stronger and earlier ROS responses at the flowering and podding stage, but did not lead to membrane lipid peroxidation. Residual BPA content in soybean roots reached peak concentrations after 9 h of exposure, and then gradually decreased at the flowering and podding stage. These results indicate that ROS in soybean roots might be involved in the oxidative metabolism of BPA, which could prevent BPA from damaging exposed plants. In conclusion, the observed ROS metabolic effects may be self-protection responses of plants to stress induced by BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Hu J, Wang H, Hu YF, Xu XF, Chen YH, Xia MZ, Zhang C, Xu DX. Cadmium induces inflammatory cytokines through activating Akt signaling in mouse placenta and human trophoblast cells. Placenta 2018; 65:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Borges KLR, Salvato F, Alcântara BK, Nalin RS, Piotto FÂ, Azevedo RA. Temporal dynamic responses of roots in contrasting tomato genotypes to cadmium tolerance. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:245-258. [PMID: 29294240 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in crops, relatively little is available considering the temporal dynamic of Cd uptake and responses to stress focused on the root system. Here we highlighted the responses to Cd-induced stress in roots of two tomato genotypes contrasting in Cd-tolerance: the tolerant Pusa Ruby and the sensitive Calabash Rouge. Tomato genotypes growing in the presence of 35 μM CdCl2 exhibited a similar trend of Cd accumulation in tissues, mainly in the root system and overall plants exhibited reduction in the dry matter weight. Both genotypes showed similar trends for malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation with increases when exposed to Cd, being this response more pronounced in the sensitive genotype. When the antioxidant machinery is concerned, in the presence of Cd the reduced glutathione content was decreased in roots while ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were increased in the presence of Cd in the tolerant genotype. Altogether these results suggest APX, GR and GST as the main players of the antioxidant machinery against Cd-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lima Reis Borges
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biochemistry, Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Salvato
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biochemistry, Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Storto Nalin
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ângelo Piotto
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biochemistry, Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biochemistry, Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The response of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) roots to Cd and its chemical forms was investigated. The relative root growth rate and concentrations of Cd and its different chemical forms in the root, that is, ethanol-extractable (FE-Cd), HCl-extractable (FHCl-Cd), and residual fractions (Fr-Cd), were quantified. Weibull model was used to unravel the regression between the relative root elongation (RRL) with chemical forms of Cd. Parameters assessed catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (A-TOC). Our results show that both the relative root growth rate and relative frond number were affected by Cd concentrations. The chemical forms of Cd were influenced by Cd content in the medium. Relative root elongation (RRL) showed a significant correlation with chemical forms of Cd. Additionally, POD and SOD increased at lower Cd concentrations followed by a decrease at higher Cd concentrations (at more than 5 μM Cd). Moreover, MDA and A-TOC increased and CAT decreased with increasing Cd exposure. Furthermore, CAT showed a significant correlation with FHCl-Cd. Taken together, it can be concluded that the chemical forms of Cd are statistically significant predictors of Cd toxicity to duckweed and to the other similar aquatic plants.
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Demidchik V, Shabala S. Mechanisms of cytosolic calcium elevation in plants: the role of ion channels, calcium extrusion systems and NADPH oxidase-mediated 'ROS-Ca 2+ Hub'. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:9-27. [PMID: 32291018 DOI: 10.1071/fp16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elevation in the cytosolic free calcium is crucial for plant growth, development and adaptation. Calcium influx into plant cells is mediated by Ca2+ depolarisation-activated, hyperpolarisation-activated and voltage-independent Ca2+-permeable channels (DACCs, HACCs and VICCs respectively). These channels are encoded by the following gene families: (1) cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), (2) ionotropic glutamate receptors (GLRs), (3) annexins, (4) 'mechanosensitive channels of small (MscS) conductance'-like channels (MSLs), (5) 'mid1-complementing activity' channels (MCAs), Piezo channels, and hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt. channel 1 (OSCA1). Also, a 'tandem-pore channel1' (TPC1) catalyses Ca2+ efflux from the vacuole in response to the plasma membrane-mediated Ca2+ elevation. Recent experimental data demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. CNGCs 2, 5-10, 14, 16 and 18, GLRs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6 and 3.7, TPC1, ANNEXIN1, MSL9 and MSL10,MCA1 and MCA2, OSCA1, and some their homologues counterparts in other species, are responsible for Ca2+ currents and/or cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. Extrusion of Ca2+ from the cytosol is mediated by Ca2+-ATPases and Ca2+/H+ exchangers which were recently examined at the level of high resolution crystal structure. Calcium-activated NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated Ca2+ conductances form a self-amplifying 'ROS-Ca2+hub', enhancing and transducing Ca2+ and redox signals. The ROS-Ca2+ hub contributes to physiological reactions controlled by ROS and Ca2+, demonstrating synergism and unity of Ca2+ and ROS signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
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Lee K, Choi GH, Back K. Cadmium-induced melatonin synthesis in rice requires light, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide: Key regulatory roles for tryptophan decarboxylase and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28793366 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In plants, melatonin production is induced by stimuli such as cold and drought, and cadmium (Cd) is the best elicitor of melatonin production in rice. However, the mechanism by which Cd induces melatonin synthesis in plants remains unknown. We challenged rice seedlings with Cd under different light conditions and found that continuous light produced the highest levels of melatonin, while continuous dark failed to induce melatonin production. Transcriptional and translational induction of tryptophan decarboxylase contributed to the light induction of melatonin during Cd treatment, whereas the protein level of light-induced caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) was decreased by Cd treatment. In analogy, COMT enzyme activity was inhibited in vitro by Cd in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the Cd-induced melatonin synthesis was significantly impaired by treatment with either an H2 O2 production inhibitor (DPI) or an NO scavenger (cPTIO). The combination of both inhibitors almost completely abolished Cd-induced melatonin synthesis, suggesting an absolute requirement for H2 O2 and NO. However, neither serotonin nor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) was induced by H2 O2 alone. In contrast, NO significantly induced serotonin production but not NAS or melatonin production. This indicated that serotonin did not enter chloroplasts, where serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is constitutively expressed. This suggests that chloroplastidic SNAT expression prevents increased melatonin production after exposure to stress, ultimately leading to the maintenance of a steady-state melatonin level inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Geun-Hee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Bilal S, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Asaf S, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Endophytic Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 Augments Glycine max L. Adaptation to Ni-Contamination through Affecting Endogenous Phytohormones and Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:870. [PMID: 28611799 PMCID: PMC5447229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the Ni-removal efficiency of phytohormone-producing endophytic fungi Penicillium janthinellum, Paecilomyces formosus, Exophiala sp., and Preussia sp. Among four different endophytes, P. formosus LHL10 was able to tolerate up to 1 mM Ni in contaminated media as compared to copper and cadmium. P. formosus LHL10 was further assessed for its potential to enhance the phytoremediation of Glycine max (soybean) in response to dose-dependent increases in soil Ni (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mM). Inoculation with P. formosus LHL10 significantly increased plant biomass and growth attributes as compared to non-inoculated control plants with or without Ni contamination. LHL10 enhanced the translocation of Ni from the root to the shoot as compared to the control. In addition, P. formosus LHL10 modulated the physio-chemical apparatus of soybean plants during Ni-contamination by reducing lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of linolenic acid, glutathione, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Stress-responsive phytohormones such as abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were significantly down-regulated in fungal-inoculated soybean plants under Ni stress. LHL10 Ni-remediation potential can be attributed to its phytohormonal synthesis related genetic makeup. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of indole-3-acetamide hydrolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase for indole-acetic acid and geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase (P450-4), C13-oxidase (P450-3) for gibberellins synthesis. In conclusion, the inoculation of P. formosus can significantly improve plant growth in Ni-polluted soils, and assist in improving the phytoremediation abilities of economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
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68
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Huang D, Gong X, Liu Y, Zeng G, Lai C, Bashir H, Zhou L, Wang D, Xu P, Cheng M, Wan J. Effects of calcium at toxic concentrations of cadmium in plants. PLANTA 2017; 245:863-873. [PMID: 28204874 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review provides new insight that calcium plays important roles in plant growth, heavy metal accumulation and translocation, photosynthesis, oxidative damage and signal transduction under cadmium stress. Increasing heavy metal pollution problems have raised word-wide concerns. Cadmium (Cd), being a highly toxic metal, poses potential risks both to ecosystems and human health. Compared with conventional technologies, phytoremediation, being cost-efficient, highly stable and environment-friendly, is believed to be a promising green technology for Cd decontamination. However, Cd can be easily taken up by plants and may cause severe phytotoxicity to plants, thus limiting the efficiency of phytoremediation. Various researches are being done to investigate the effects of exogenous substances on the mitigation of Cd toxicity to plants. Calcium (Ca) is an essential plant macronutrient that involved in various plant physiological processes, such as plant growth and development, cell division, cytoplasmic streaming, photosynthesis and intracellular signaling transduction. Due to the chemical similarity between Ca and Cd, Ca may mediate Cd-induced physiological or metabolic changes in plants. Recent studies have shown that Ca could be used as an exogenous substance to protect plants against Cd stress by the alleviation of growth inhibition, regulation of metal uptake and translocation, improvement of photosynthesis, mitigation of oxidative damages and the control of signal transduction in the plants. The effects of Ca on toxic concentrations of Cd in plants are reviewed. This review also provides new insight that plants with enhanced Ca level have improved resistance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiaomin Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hassan Bashir
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dafei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jia Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
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69
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Gupta DK, Pena LB, Romero-Puertas MC, Hernández A, Inouhe M, Sandalio LM. NADPH oxidases differentially regulate ROS metabolism and nutrient uptake under cadmium toxicity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:509-526. [PMID: 26765289 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidases under cadmium (Cd) toxicity was studied using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants AtrbohC, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, which were grown under hydroponic conditions with 25 and 100 μM Cd for 1 and 5 days. Cadmium reduced the growth of leaves in WT, AtrbohC and D, but not in AtrbohF. A time-dependent increase in H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation was observed in all genotypes, with AtrbohC showing the smallest increase. An opposite behaviour was observed with NO accumulation. Cadmium increased catalase activity in WT plants and decreased it in Atrboh mutants, while glutathione reductase and glycolate oxidase activities increased in Atrboh mutants, and superoxide dismutases were down-regulated in AtrbohC. The GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA couples were also affected by the treatment, principally in AtrbohC and AtrbohF, respectively. Cadmium translocation to the leaves was severely reduced in Atrboh mutants after 1 day of treatment and even after 5 days in AtrbohF. Similar results were observed for S, P, Ca, Zn and Fe accumulation, while an opposite trend was observed for K accumulation, except in AtrbohF. Thus, under Cd stress, RBOHs differentially regulate ROS metabolism, redox homeostasis and nutrient balance and could be of potential interest in biotechnology for the phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - L B Pena
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIFIB, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - M C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - A Hernández
- Postgrados de Agronomía, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Apdo 400, Barquisimeto, 3001, Venezuela
| | - M Inouhe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - L M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda No 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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70
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Gao M, Liu Y, Ma X, Shuai Q, Gai J, Li Y. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalization of Gene Expression Using Quantitative RT-PCR under Aluminum, Cadmium, and Heat Stresses in Soybean. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168965. [PMID: 28046130 PMCID: PMC5207429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is widely used to analyze the relative gene expression level, however, the accuracy of qRT-PCR is greatly affected by the stability of reference genes, which is tissue- and environment- dependent. Therefore, choosing the most stable reference gene in a specific tissue and environment is critical to interpret gene expression patterns. Aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), and heat stresses are three important abiotic factors limiting soybean (Glycine max) production in southern China. To identify the suitable reference genes for normalizing the expression levels of target genes by qRT-PCR in soybean response to Al, Cd and heat stresses, we studied the expression stability of ten commonly used housekeeping genes in soybean roots and leaves under these three abiotic stresses, using five approaches, BestKeeper, Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder. We found TUA4 is the most stable reference gene in soybean root tips under Al stress. Under Cd stress, Fbox and UKN2 are the most stable reference genes in roots and leaves, respectively, while 60S is the most suitable reference gene when analyzing both roots and leaves together. For heat stress, TUA4 and UKN2 are the most stable housekeeping genes in roots and leaves, respectively, and UKN2 is the best reference gene for analysis of roots and leaves together. To validate the reference genes, we quantified the relative expression levels of six target genes that were involved in soybean response to Al, Cd or heat stresses, respectively. The expression patterns of these target genes differed between using the most and least stable reference genes, suggesting the selection of a suitable reference gene is critical for gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shuai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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71
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Izbiańska K, Ekner-Grzyb A, Bayar M, Deckert J. Cadmium Stress Leads to Rapid Increase in RNA Oxidative Modifications in Soybean Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2219. [PMID: 29375597 PMCID: PMC5767183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common response to stress factors, including exposure to metals. ROS over-production is associated with oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It is suggested that the products of oxidation are not solely the markers of oxidative stress but also signaling elements. For instance, it has been shown in animal models that mRNA oxidation is a selective process engaged in post-transcriptional regulation of genes expression and that it is associated with the development of symptoms of several neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we examined the impact of short-term cadmium (Cd) stress on the level of two RNA oxidation markers: 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP-sites, abasic sites). In the case of 8-OHG, a significant increase was observed after 3 h of exposure to moderate Cd concentration (10 mg/l). In turn, high level of AP-sites, accompanied by strong ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation, was noted only after 24 h of treatment with higher Cd concentration (25 mg/l). This is the first report showing induction of RNA oxidations in plants response to stress factors. The possible signaling and gene regulatory role of oxidatively modified transcripts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jagna Chmielowska-BąK,
| | - Karolina Izbiańska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Ekner-Grzyb
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Melike Bayar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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72
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Lv W, Yang L, Xu C, Shi Z, Shao J, Xian M, Chen J. Cadmium Disrupts the Balance between Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Radical by Regulating Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in the Root Tip of Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:232. [PMID: 28270829 PMCID: PMC5318417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cd (cadmium) stress always alters the homeostasis of ROS (reactive oxygen species) including H2O2 (hydrogen sulfide) and [Formula: see text] (superoxide radical), leading to the oxidative injury and growth inhibition in plants. In addition to triggering oxidative injury, ROS has been suggested as important regulators modulating root elongation. However, whether and how Cd stress induces the inhibition of root elongation by differentially regulating endogenous H2O2 and [Formula: see text], rather than by inducing oxidative injury, remains elusive. To address these gaps, histochemical, physiological, and biochemical approaches were applied to investigate the mechanism for Cd to fine-tune the balance between H2O2 and [Formula: see text] in the root tip of Brassica rapa. Treatment with Cd at 4 and 16 μM significantly inhibited root elongation, while only 16 μM but not 4 μM of Cd induced oxidative injury and cell death in root tip. Fluorescent and pharmaceutical tests suggested that H2O2 and [Formula: see text] played negative and positive roles, respectively, in the regulation of root elongation in the presence of Cd (4 μM) or not. Treatment with Cd at 4 μM led to the increase in H2O2 and the decrease in [Formula: see text] in root tip, which may be attributed to the up-regulation of Br_UPB1s and the down-regulation of their predicted targets (four peroxidase genes). Cd at 4 μM resulted in the increase in endogenous H2S in root tip by inducing the up-regulation of LCDs and DCDs. Treatment with H2S biosynthesis inhibitor or H2S scavenger significantly blocked Cd (4 μM)-induced increase in endogenous H2S level, coinciding with the recovery of root elongation, the altered balance between H2O2 and [Formula: see text], and the expression of Br_UPB1s and two peroxidase genes. Taken together, it can be proposed that endogenous H2S mediated the phytotoxicity of Cd at low concentration by regulating Br_UPB1s-modulated balance between H2O2 and [Formula: see text] in root tip. Such findings shed new light on the regulatory role of endogenous H2S in plant adaptions to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lv
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province – State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and ForestryNanjing, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Cunfa Xu
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural ScienceNanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province – State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and ForestryNanjing, China
| | - Jinsong Shao
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Superivision, Inspection, and Testing Center, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province – State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and ForestryNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen,
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Per TS, Masood A, Khan NA. Nitric oxide improves S-assimilation and GSH production to prevent inhibitory effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:111-124. [PMID: 28030779 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important gaseous signalling molecule that participates in many developmental and physiological processes, including defense responses against toxic metals in plants. The role of NO in cadmium (Cd)-induced toxic effects on photosynthesis was examined in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Exposure of plants to 50 μM Cd significantly enhanced oxidative stress (H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation) and impaired plant growth and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and reduced chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. However, the exogenous application of 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) reversed the effects of Cd through its stimulation of ROS-scavenging compounds (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione). Exogenous SNP significantly increased plant growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content and diminished the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and TBARS content. It also reduced the effects of Cd on thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. Application of SNP together with 1.0 mM SO42- showed better responses than SNP alone. The protective effect of NO was achieved through enhanced production of reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH biosynthesis in plants treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH biosynthetic inhibitor, was not completely inhibited in presence of NO and S, suggesting that NO stimulated S-assimilation and GSH production of Cd exposed plants. This study concludes that NO counteracts Cd toxicity in B. juncea strongly by regulating S-assimilation and GSH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasir S Per
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India.
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74
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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75
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Ye X, Ling T, Xue Y, Xu C, Zhou W, Hu L, Chen J, Shi Z. Thymol Mitigates Cadmium Stress by Regulating Glutathione Levels and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Tobacco Seedlings. Molecules 2016; 21:E1339. [PMID: 27754435 PMCID: PMC6273743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol is a famous plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmacy due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the modulation of intrinsic plant physiology by thymol remains unclear. It is a significant challenge to confer plant tolerance to Cd (cadmium) stress. In the present study physiological, histochemical, and biochemical methods were applied to investigate thymol-induced Cd tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Thymol was able to alleviate Cd-induced growth inhibition of tobacco seedlings in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Both histochemical detection and in-tube assays suggested that thymol treatment blocked Cd-induced over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and loss of membrane integrity in both leaves and roots. Thymol decreased Cd-induced cell death that was indicated in vivo by propidium iodide (PI) and trypan blue, respectively. Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. In situ fluorescent detection of intracellular Cd2+ revealed that thymol significantly decreased free Cd2+ in roots, which could be explained by the thymol-stimulated GSH biosynthesis and upregulation of the expression of phyochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1). Taken together, these results suggested that thymol has great potential to trigger plant resistant responses to combat heavy metal toxicity, which may help our understanding of the mechanism for thymol-modulated cell metabolic pathways in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefeng Ye
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ling
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Nanjing Yangzi Modern Agriculture Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China.
| | - Cunfa Xu
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China.
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76
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Nitrogen Assimilation, Abiotic Stress and Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: The Full Circle of Reductants. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5020024. [PMID: 27187489 PMCID: PMC4931404 DOI: 10.3390/plants5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) is well-known as the main regulatory enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in living organisms. Namely, in Planta, different G6PDH isoforms may occur, generally localized in cytosol and plastids/chloroplasts. These enzymes are differently regulated by distinct mechanisms, still far from being defined in detail. In the last decades, a pivotal function for plant G6PDHs during the assimilation of nitrogen, providing reductants for enzymes involved in nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation, has been described. More recently, several studies have suggested a main role of G6PDH to counteract different stress conditions, among these salinity and drought, with the involvement of an ABA depending signal. In the last few years, this recognized vision has been greatly widened, due to studies clearly showing the non-conventional subcellular localization of the different G6PDHs, and the peculiar regulation of the different isoforms. The whole body of these considerations suggests a central question: how do the plant cells distribute the reductants coming from G6PDH and balance their equilibrium? This review explores the present knowledge about these mechanisms, in order to propose a scheme of distribution of reductants produced by G6PDH during nitrogen assimilation and stress.
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Cuypers A, Hendrix S, Amaral dos Reis R, De Smet S, Deckers J, Gielen H, Jozefczak M, Loix C, Vercampt H, Vangronsveld J, Keunen E. Hydrogen Peroxide, Signaling in Disguise during Metal Phytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:470. [PMID: 27199999 PMCID: PMC4843763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH). The mechanisms underlying this oxidative challenge are often dependent on metal-specific properties and might play a role in stress perception, signaling and acclimation. Although ROS were initially considered as toxic compounds causing damage to various cellular structures, their role as signaling molecules became a topic of intense research over the last decade. Hydrogen peroxide in particular is important in signaling because of its relatively low toxicity, long lifespan and its ability to cross cellular membranes. The delicate balance between its production and scavenging by a plethora of enzymatic and metabolic antioxidants is crucial in the onset of diverse signaling cascades that finally lead to plant acclimation to metal stress. In this review, our current knowledge on the dual role of ROS in metal-exposed plants is presented. Evidence for a relationship between H2O2 and plant metal tolerance is provided. Furthermore, emphasis is put on recent advances in understanding cellular damage and downstream signaling responses as a result of metal-induced H2O2 production. Finally, special attention is paid to the interaction between H2O2 and other signaling components such as transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phytohormones and regulating systems (e.g. microRNAs). These responses potentially underlie metal-induced senescence in plants. Elucidating the signaling network activated during metal stress is a pivotal step to make progress in applied technologies like phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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78
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Qiu Z, Hai B, Guo J, Li Y, Zhang L. Characterization of wheat miRNAs and their target genes responsive to cadmium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:60-67. [PMID: 26854408 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A increasing number of microRNAs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in plant responses to various metal stresses. However, little information about miRNAs especially miRNAs responsive to cadmium (Cd) stress is available in wheat. To investigate the role of miRNAs in responses to Cd stress, wheat seedlings were subjected to 250 μM Cd solution for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, and analyses of morphological and physiological changes as well as the expression of five miRNAs and their corresponding targets were carried out. Our results demonstrated that miRNAs and their targets were differentially expressed in leaves and roots of wheat seedlings exposed to Cd stress. Furthermore, miR398 may involve in oxidative stress tolerance by regulating its target CSD to participate in Cd stress. Among ten miRNA-target pairs studied, nine pairs showed complex regulation relationship in leaves and roots of wheat seedlings exposed to Cd stress. These findings suggested that miRNAs are involved in the mediation of Cd stress signaling responses in wheat. The characterization of the miRNAs and the associated targets in responses to Cd exposure provides a framework for understanding the molecular mechanism of heavy metal tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZongBo Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - BenZhai Hai
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; College of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - JunLi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - YongFang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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79
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Sofo A, Scopa A, Hashem A, Abd‐Allah EF. Lipid metabolism and oxidation in plants subjected to abiotic stresses. PLANT‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION 2016:205-213. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119081005.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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80
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Rui H, Chen C, Zhang X, Shen Z, Zhang F. Cd-induced oxidative stress and lignification in the roots of two Vicia sativa L. varieties with different Cd tolerances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:304-13. [PMID: 26372696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of Cd on growth, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and lignin content in the roots of two varieties of Vicia sativa. Treatment with Cd decreased plant growth and increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels to a greater extent in the Cd-sensitive variety ZM than in the Cd-tolerant variety L3. Most hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(•-)) were accumulated in the cell walls and extracellular spaces in response to Cd treatments. Chemical assays and experiments using inhibitors showed that larger increases in H2O2 and O2(•-) production in ZM than in L3 were probably attributed to elevated Cd-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-peroxidase (NADH-POD) activity. Cd treatment increased the accumulation of lignin and the guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activities in the apoplast more significantly in ZM root than in L3. Howerver, root laccase activity was higher in L3 than in ZM. Thus Cd toxicity induced significant lignification in the roots of V. sativa, and increases in H2O2 accumulation and apoplastic GPOD activity were likely responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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82
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Abstract
Metal toxicity in plants is still a global problem for the environment, agriculture and ultimately human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Küpper
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology
- Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry
- 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia
| | - Elisa Andresen
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology
- Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry
- 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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83
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Liu SL, Yang RJ, Pan YZ, Wang MH, Zhao Y, Wu MX, Hu J, Zhang LL, Ma MD. Exogenous NO depletes Cd-induced toxicity by eliminating oxidative damage, re-establishing ATPase activity, and maintaining stress-related hormone equilibrium in white clover plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16843-16856. [PMID: 26104900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Various nitric oxide (NO) regulators [including the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), the NO-synthase inhibitor N (G)-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester (L-NAME), and the SNP analogues sodium nitrite/nitrate and sodium ferrocyanide] were investigated to elucidate the role of NO in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants after long-term (5 days) exposure to cadmium (Cd). A dose of 100 μM Cd stress significantly restrained plant growth and decreased the concentrations of chlorophyll and NO in vivo, whereas it disrupted the balance of stress-related hormones and enhanced the accumulation of Cd, thereby inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. However, the inhibition of plant growth was relieved by 50 μM SNP through its stimulation of ROS-scavenging compounds (ascorbic acid, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, non-protein thiol, superoxide dismutase, and total glutathione), regulation of H(+)-ATPase activity of proton pumps, and increasing jasmonic acid and proline but decreasing ethylene in plant tissues. Even so, the alleviating effect of SNP on plant growth was counteracted by cPTIO and L-NAME and was not observed with SNP analogues, suggesting that the protective roles of SNP are related to the induction of NO. These results suggest that NO may improve the Cd tolerance of white clover plants by eliminating oxidative damage, re-establishing ATPase activity, and maintaining hormone equilibrium. Improving our understanding of the role of NO in white clover plants is key to expanding the plantations to various regions and the recovery of pasture species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Liu
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - R J Yang
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Pan
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Wang
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daiden, Daejeon, 305-754, South Korea
| | - Y Zhao
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Wu
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - J Hu
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Zhang
- Institute of Kunming Botany, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - M D Ma
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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84
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Xu XY, Ding ZJ, Chen L, Yan JY, Li GX, Zheng SJ. An eukaryotic translation initiation factor, AteIF5A-2, affects cadmium accumulation and sensitivity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:848-58. [PMID: 25559189 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements and can be accumulated in plants easily; meanwhile, eIF5A is a highly conserved protein in all eukaryotic organisms. The present work tried to investigate whether eIF5A is involved in Cd accumulation and sensitivity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) by comparing the wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) with a knockdown mutant of AteIF5A-2, fbr12-3 under Cd stress conditions. The results showed that the mutant fbr12-3 accumulated more Cd in roots and shoots and had significantly lower chlorophyll content, shorter root length, and smaller biomass, suggesting that downregulation of AteIF5A-2 makes the mutant more Cd sensitive. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expressions of metal transporters involved in Cd uptake and translocation including IRT1, ZIP1, AtNramp3, and AtHMA4 were significantly increased but the expressions of PCS1 and PCS2 related to Cd detoxification were decreased notably in fbr12-3 compared with Col-0. As a result, an increase in MDA and H2 O2 content but decrease in root trolox, glutathione and proline content under Cd stress was observed, indicating that a severer oxidative stress occurs in the mutant. All these results demonstrated for the first time that AteIF5A influences Cd sensitivity by affecting Cd uptake, accumulation, and detoxification in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gui-Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shao-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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85
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Marquez-Garcia B, Shaw D, Cooper JW, Karpinska B, Quain MD, Makgopa EM, Kunert K, Foyer CH. Redox markers for drought-induced nodule senescence, a process occurring after drought-induced senescence of the lowest leaves in soybean (Glycine max). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:497-510. [PMID: 25851140 PMCID: PMC4577989 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Water is an increasingly scarce resource that limits crop productivity in many parts of the world, and the frequency and severity of drought are predicted to increase as a result of climate change. Improving tolerance to drought stress is therefore important for maximizing future crop yields. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of drought on soybean (Glycine max) leaves and nodules in order to define phenotypic markers and changes in cellular redox state that characterize the stress response in different organs, and to characterize the relationships between leaf and nodule senescence during drought. METHODS Leaf and crown nodule metabolite pools were measured together with leaf and soil water contents, and leaf chlorophyll, total protein contents and chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching parameters in nodulated soybeans that were grown under either well-watered conditions or deprived of water for up to 21 d. KEY RESULTS Ureides, ascorbate, protein, chlorophyll and the ratios of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv') to maximal chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fm') fell to levels below detection in the oldest leaves after 21 d of drought. While these drought-induced responses were not observed in the youngest leaf ranks, the Fv'/Fm' ratios, pyridine nucleotide levels and the reduction state of the ascorbate pool were lower in all leaf ranks after 21 d of drought. In contrast to leaves, total nodule protein, pyridine nucleotides, ureides, ascorbate and glutathione contents increased as a result of the drought treatment. However, the nodule ascorbate pool was significantly less reduced as a result of drought. Higher levels of transcripts encoding two peroxiredoxins were detected in nodules exposed to drought stress but senescence-associated transcripts and other mRNAs encoding redox-related proteins were similar under both conditions. CONCLUSIONS While the physiological impact of the drought was perceived throughout the shoot, stress-induced senescence occurred only in the oldest leaf ranks. At this stage, a number of drought-induced changes in nodule metabolites were observed but no metabolite or transcript markers of senescence could be detected. It is concluded that stress-induced senescence in the lowest leaf ranks precedes nodule senescence, suggesting that leaves of low photosynthetic capacity are sacrificed in favour of nodule nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Marquez-Garcia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
| | - Daniel Shaw
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
| | - James William Cooper
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
| | - Marian Dorcas Quain
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
| | - Eugene Matome Makgopa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Plant Science Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Karl Kunert
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Plant Science Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Christine Helen Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK and
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86
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Cadmium resistance mechanism in Escherichia coli P4 and its potential use to bioremediate environmental cadmium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10745-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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87
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Jakubowska D, Janicka-Russak M, Kabała K, Migocka M, Reda M. Modification of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase activity in cucumber seedling roots in response to cadmium stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:50-9. [PMID: 25804809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium on plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase activity in cucumber roots. Plants were treated with cadmium for 1, 3 or 6 days. Some of the plants after 3-day exposure to cadmium were transferred to a medium without the heavy metal for the next 3 days. Treatment of plants with cadmium for 6 days stimulated the activity of NADPH oxidase. The highest stimulation of O2(•-) production by NADPH oxidase was observed in post-stressed plants, which was correlated with the stimulation of activity of PM H(+)-ATPase in the same conditions. In order to examine the effects of cadmium stresses on the expression level of genes encoding NADPH oxidase, putative cucumber homologs encoding RBOH proteins were selected and a real-time PCR assay was performed. NADPH is a substrate for oxidase; thus alterations in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme under cadmium stress were studied. The activity of NADPH dehydrogenases was increased under cadmium stress. The results indicate that PM NADPH oxidase could be involved in plants' response to cadmium stress by affecting the activity of PM H(+)-ATPase, and NADPH-generating enzymes could play important roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Jakubowska
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Janicka-Russak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Migocka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Reda
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia Street 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
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88
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Mészáros P, Rybanský L, Spieß N, Socha P, Kuna R, Libantová J, Moravčíková J, Piršelová B, Hauptvogel P, Matušíková I. Plant chitinase responses to different metal-type stresses reveal specificity. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1789-99. [PMID: 25023875 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Chitinases in Glycine max roots specifically respond to different metal types and reveal a polymorphism that coincides with sensitivity to metal toxicity. Plants evolved various defense mechanisms to cope with metal toxicity. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14), belonging to so-called pathogenesis-related proteins, act as possible second line defense compounds in plants exposed to metals. In this work their activity was studied and compared in two selected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars, the metal-tolerant cv. Chernyatka and the sensitive cv. Kyivska 98. Roots were exposed to different metal(loid)s such as cadmium, arsenic and aluminum that are expected to cause toxicity in different ways. For comparison, a non-metal, NaCl, was applied as well. The results showed that the sensitivity of roots to different stressors coincides with the responsiveness of chitinases in total protein extracts. Moreover, detailed analyses of acidic and neutral proteins identified one polymorphic chitinase isoform that distinguishes between the two cultivars studied. This isoform was stress responsive and thus could reflect the evolutionary adaptation of soybean to environmental cues. Activities of the individual chitinases were dependent on metal type as well as the cultivar pointing to their more complex role in plant defense during this type of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mészáros
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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89
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Gzyl J, Rucińska-Sobkowiak R, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Deckert J. The new insights into cadmium sensing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:245. [PMID: 24917871 PMCID: PMC4042028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal, which in excess, exhibits deleterious effects to the most of the organisms. Mobilization of defense mechanisms against this toxic agent requires rapid activation of signaling pathways. The article presents recent advances in the research concerning cadmium signal transduction in plants. New insights into the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), plant growth regulators, and Cd-induced protein modifications are reviewed. Moreover, the role of recently recognized Cd-associated signal elements, including micro RNAs and several cis- and trans-acting elements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań, Poland
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