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Kim Y, Kim H, Yang Y, Badloe T, Jeon N, Rho J. Three-dimensional artificial chirality towards low-cost and ultra-sensitive enantioselective sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3720-3730. [PMID: 35230363 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial chiral structures have potential applications in the field of enantioselective signal sensing. Advanced nanofabrication methods enable a large diversity in geometric structures and broad selectivity of materials, which can be exploited to manufacture artificial three-dimensional chiral structures. Various chiroptical phenomena exploiting spin and orbital angular momentum at the nanoscale have been continuously exploited as a way to effectively detect enantiomers. This review introduces precisely controlled bottom-up and large-area top-down metamaterial fabrication methods to solve the limitations of high manufacturing cost and low production speed. Particle synthesis, self-assembly, glanced angled vapor deposition, and three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructure printing are introduced. Furthermore, emerging sensitive chiral sensing methods such as cavity-enhanced chirality, photothermal circular dichroism, and helical dichroism of single particles are discussed. The continuous progress of nanofabrication technology presents the strong potential for developing artificial chiral structures for applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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52
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Qu J, Luo H, Yu C. Dual-Wavelength Polarization-Dependent Bifocal Metalens for Achromatic Optical Imaging Based on Holographic Principle. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051889. [PMID: 35271036 PMCID: PMC8915052 DOI: 10.3390/s22051889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ultrathin metalenses have attracted dramatically growing interest in optical imaging systems due to the flexible control of light at the nanoscale. In this paper, we propose a dual-wavelength achromatic metalens that will generate one or two foci according to the polarization of the incident. Based on geometric phase modulation, two unit cells are attentively selected for efficient operation at distinct wavelengths. By patterning them to two divided sections of the metalens structure plane, the dual-wavelength achromatic focusing effect with the same focal length is realized. In addition, the holographic concept is adopted for polarization-dependent bifocal generation, in which the objective wave is originated from two foci that are respectively formed by two orthogonal polarization states of circularly polarized light, namely Left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) light and Right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light. The incident light is considered as the reference light. The achromatic focusing and polarization-dependent bifocusing are numerically verified through simulations. The proposed design opens the path for the combination of multi-wavelength imaging and chiral imaging, which may find potential applications, such as achromatic optical devices and polarization-controlled biomedical molecular imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Qu
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaijian Luo
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- The Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Q.); (H.L.)
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence:
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53
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Ultrawideband Cross-Polarization Converter Using Anisotropic Reflective Metasurface. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Broadband metasurface-based devices are essential and indispensable in modern wireless communication systems. This paper presents an ultra−wideband and wide incident angle reflective cross−polarization converter metasurface. The unit cell of the proposed structure is a 45° rotated anisotropic meta−sheet developed by cutting the rhombus−shaped patch from the central part of the square patch. The unit cell’s top structure and ground blocking sheet are made of copper, whereas a dielectric substrate (FR−4) is used as an intermediate spacer between them. The unit cell thickness is minimal compared to the operating wavelength (1/14λ∘, where λ∘ is the wavelength of the starting frequency of 13 GHz of the operating band). The proposed structure efficiently converts linearly polarized waves into their orthogonal component, with a polarization conversion ratio of (PCR > 90%) over a broad frequency spectrum of 13 GHz to 26 GHz. The physical origin of polarization conversion is also depicted using surface current distribution plots. An ultra−wideband and highly efficient polarization conversion (above 90%) is achieved with the help of strong electromagnetic resonance coupling between the upper and lower layer of the metasurface. This kind of ultra−wideband polarization conversion metasurface can be employed in satellite communication, radar cross−section reduction, and navigation systems.
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54
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Cho H, Jeong H, Yang Y, Badloe T, Rho J. Enhancement of Luminous Intensity Emission from Incoherent LED Light Sources within the Detection Angle of 10° Using Metalenses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:153. [PMID: 35010103 PMCID: PMC8746482 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present metalenses (MLs) designed to enhance the luminous intensity of incoherent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) within the detection angles of 0° and 10°. The detection angle of 0° refers to the center of the LED. Because the light emitted from LEDs is incoherent and expressed as a surface light source, they are numerically described as a set of point sources and calculated using incoherent summation. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) nanohole meta-atoms are designed; however, the full 2π phase coverage is not reached. Nevertheless, because the phase modulation at the edge of the ML is important, an ML is successfully designed. The typical phase profile of the ML enhances the luminous intensity at the center, and the phase profile is modified to increase the luminous intensity in the target detection angle region. Far field simulations are conducted to calculate the luminous intensity after 25 m of propagation. We demonstrate an enhancement of the luminous intensity at the center by 8551% and 2115% using TiO2 and a-Si MLs, respectively. Meanwhile, the TiO2 and a-Si MLs with the modified phase profiles enhance the luminous intensity within the detection angle of 10° by 263% and 30%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlyun Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.C.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (T.B.)
| | - Heonyeong Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.C.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (T.B.)
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.C.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (T.B.)
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.C.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (T.B.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.C.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (T.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Korea
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55
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Schelski K, Reyes CG, Pschyklenk L, Kaul PM, Lagerwall JP. Quantitative volatile organic compound sensing with liquid crystal core fibers. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100661. [PMID: 35028624 PMCID: PMC8724680 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer fibers with liquid crystals (LCs) in the core have potential as autonomous sensors of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with a high surface-to-volume ratio enabling fast and sensitive response and an attractive non-woven textile form factor. We demonstrate their ability to continuously and quantitatively measure the concentration of toluene, cyclohexane, and isopropanol as representative VOCs, via the impact of each VOC on the LC birefringence. The response is fully reversible and repeatable over several cycles, the response time can be as low as seconds, and high sensitivity is achieved when the operating temperature is near the LC-isotropic transition temperature. We propose that a broad operating temperature range can be realized by combining fibers with different LC mixtures, yielding autonomous VOC sensors suitable for integration in apparel or in furniture that can compete with existing consumer-grade electronic VOC sensors in terms of sensitivity and response speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schelski
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Catherine G. Reyes
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Lukas Pschyklenk
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Peter-Michael Kaul
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Jan P.F. Lagerwall
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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56
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Jung C, Kim G, Jeong M, Jang J, Dong Z, Badloe T, Yang JKW, Rho J. Metasurface-Driven Optically Variable Devices. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13013-13050. [PMID: 34491723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optically variable devices (OVDs) are in tremendous demand as optical indicators against the increasing threat of counterfeiting. Conventional OVDs are exposed to the danger of fraudulent replication with advances in printing technology and widespread copying methods of security features. Metasurfaces, two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength structures known as meta-atoms, have been nominated as a candidate for a new generation of OVDs as they exhibit exceptional behaviors that can provide a more robust solution for optical anti-counterfeiting. Unlike conventional OVDs, metasurface-driven OVDs (mOVDs) can contain multiple optical responses in a single device, making them difficult to reverse engineered. Well-known examples of mOVDs include ultrahigh-resolution structural color printing, various types of holography, and polarization encoding. In this review, we discuss the new generation of mOVDs. The fundamentals of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces are presented to explain how the optical responses of metasurfaces can be manipulated. Then, examples of monofunctional, tunable, and multifunctional mOVDs are discussed. We follow up with a discussion of the fabrication methods needed to realize these mOVDs, classified into prototyping and manufacturing techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook and classification of mOVDs with respect to their capacity and security level. We believe this newly proposed concept of OVDs may bring about a new era of optical anticounterfeit technology leveraging the novel concepts of nano-optics and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634, Singapore
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634, Singapore.,Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372, Singapore
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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57
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Krichevsky DM, Xia S, Mandrik MP, Ignatyeva DO, Bi L, Belotelov VI. Silicon-Based All-Dielectric Metasurface on an Iron Garnet Film for Efficient Magneto-Optical Light Modulation in Near IR Range. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112926. [PMID: 34835690 PMCID: PMC8621523 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All-dielectric nanostructures provide a unique low-loss platform for efficiently increasing light-matter interaction via excitation of the localized or propagating optical modes. Here, we report on the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect enhancement in an all-dielectric metasurface based on a two-dimensional array of Si nanodisks on a cerium substituted dysprosium iron garnet thin film. We observed up to 15% light intensity modulation under TM modes excitation. The observed magneto-optical effect is nearly independent of the rotation of the light incidence plane with respect to the metasurface. Being compatible with conventional semiconductor technology, our structure holds promise for device applications, such as light modulators, magnetic and chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M. Krichevsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, 121353 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.I.B.)
- Physics and Technology Institute, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuang Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (S.X.); (L.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin-Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mikhail P. Mandrik
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daria O. Ignatyeva
- Russian Quantum Center, 121353 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.I.B.)
- Physics and Technology Institute, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia
- Photonic and Quantum Technologies School, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (S.X.); (L.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin-Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Vladimir I. Belotelov
- Russian Quantum Center, 121353 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.I.B.)
- Physics and Technology Institute, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia
- Photonic and Quantum Technologies School, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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58
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Badloe T, Kim I, Kim Y, Kim J, Rho J. Electrically Tunable Bifocal Metalens with Diffraction-Limited Focusing and Imaging at Visible Wavelengths. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102646. [PMID: 34486242 PMCID: PMC8564427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tunable optical devices powered by metasurfaces provide a new path for functional planar optics. In particular, lenses with tunable focal lengths can play a key role in various fields with applications in imaging, displays, and augmented and virtual reality devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically controllable bifocal metalens at visible wavelengths by incorporating a metasurface designed to focus light at two different focal lengths, with liquid crystals to actively manipulate the focal length of the metalens through the application of an external bias. By utilizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon that is optimized to provide an extremely low extinction coefficient in the visible regime, the metalens is highly efficient with measured focusing efficiencies of around 44%. They numerically design and experimentally realize and characterize tunable focusing and demonstrate electrically tunable active imaging at visible wavelengths using the bifocal metalens combined with liquid crystals. Diffraction limited focusing and imaging is verified through the analysis of the measured optical intensities at the focal points and the modulation transfer function. The bifocal metalens is used to demonstrate electrically modulated focus switching between the two designed focal planes, to display images of positive and negative target objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and MetaphotonicsPohang37673Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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59
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Lee W, Chae H, Oh DK, Lee M, Chun H, Yeon G, Park J, Kim J, Youn H, Rho J, Ok JG. Solution-processable electrode-material embedding in dynamically inscribed nanopatterns (SPEEDIN) for continuous fabrication of durable flexible devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 34631142 PMCID: PMC8473567 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A facile and scalable lithography-free fabrication technique, named solution-processable electrode-material embedding in dynamically inscribed nanopatterns (SPEEDIN), is developed to produce highly durable electronics. SPEEDIN uniquely utilizes a single continuous flow-line manufacturing process comprised of dynamic nanoinscribing and metal nanoparticle solution coating with selective embedding. Nano- and/or micro-trenches are inscribed into arbitrary polymers, and then an Ag nanoparticle solution is dispersed, soft-baked, doctor-bladed, and hard-baked to embed Ag micro- and nanowire structures into the trenches. Compared to lithographically embossed metal structures, the embedded SPEEDIN architectures can achieve higher durability with comparable optical and electrical properties and are robust and power-efficient even under extreme stresses such as scratching and bending. As one tangible application of SPEEDIN, we demonstrate a flexible metal electrode that can operate at 5 V at temperatures up to 300 °C even under the influence of harsh external stimuli. SPEEDIN can be applied to the scalable fabrication of diverse flexible devices that are reliable for heavy-duty operation in harsh environments involving high temperatures, mechanical deformations, and chemical hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Chae
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Chun
- Graduate Program of Energy Technology, School of Integrated Technology, Institute of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubeom Yeon
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Park
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 34158 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
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60
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Habib M, Issah I, Briukhanova D, Rashed AR, Caglayan H. Wavefront Control with Nanohole Array-Based Out-of-Plane Metasurfaces. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8699-8705. [PMID: 34595402 PMCID: PMC8477370 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Planar metasurfaces provide exceptional wavefront manipulation at the subwavelength scale by controlling the phase of the light. Here, we introduce an out-of-plane nanohole-based metasurface design with the implementation of a unique self-rolling technique. The photoresist-based technique enables the fabrication of the metasurface formed by nanohole arrays on gold (Au) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) rolled-up microtubes. The curved nature of the tube allows the fabrication of an out-of-plane metasurface that can effectively control the wavefront compared to the common planar counterparts. This effect is verified by the spectral measurements of the fabricated samples. In addition, we analytically calculated the dispersion relation to identify the resonance wavelength of the structure and numerically calculate the phase of the transmitted light through the holes with different sizes. Our work forms the basis for the unique platform to introduce a new feature to the metasurfaces, which may find many applications from stacked metasurface layers to optical trapping particles inside the tube.
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61
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Lee D, Kim M, Rho J. Next-Generation Imaging Techniques: Functional and Miniaturized Optical Lenses Based on Metamaterials and Metasurfaces. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1142. [PMID: 34683192 PMCID: PMC8538864 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A variety of applications using miniaturized optical lenses can be found among rapidly evolving technologies. From smartphones and cameras in our daily life to augmented and virtual reality glasses for the recent trends of the untact era, miniaturization of optical lenses permits the development of many types of compact devices. Here, we highlight the importance of ultrasmall and ultrathin lens technologies based on metamaterials and metasurfaces. Focusing on hyperlenses and metalenses that can replace or be combined with the existing conventional lenses, we review the state-of-art of research trends and discuss their limitations. We also cover applications that use miniaturized imaging devices. The miniaturized imaging devices are expected to be an essential foundation for next-generation imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (D.L.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (D.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (D.L.); (M.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Korea
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62
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Dănilă O, Mănăilă-Maximean D, Bărar A, Loiko VA. Non-Layered Gold-Silicon and All-Silicon Frequency-Selective Metasurfaces for Potential Mid-Infrared Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5600. [PMID: 34451042 PMCID: PMC8402282 DOI: 10.3390/s21165600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report simulations on the spectral behavior of non-layered gold-silicon and all-silicon frequency-selective metasurfaces in an asymmetric element configuration in the mid-infrared spectral window of 5-5.8 μm. The non-layered layout is experimentally feasible due to recent technological advances such as nano-imprint and nano-stencil lithography, and the spectral window was chosen due to the multitude of applications in sensing and imaging. The architecture exhibits significant resonance in the window of interest as well as extended tunability by means of variation of cell element sizes and relative coordinates. The results indicate that the proposed metasurface architecture is a viable candidate for mid-infrared absorbers, sensors and imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Dănilă
- Physics Department, ‘Politehnica’ University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Doina Mănăilă-Maximean
- Physics Department, ‘Politehnica’ University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Bărar
- Electronic Technology and Reliability Department, ‘Politehnica’ University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Valery A. Loiko
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68-2 Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
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Yu P, Li J, Liu N. Electrically Tunable Optical Metasurfaces for Dynamic Polarization Conversion. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6690-6695. [PMID: 34286586 PMCID: PMC8361430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control over the polarization of light is highly desirable in many optical applications, including optical communications, laser science, three-dimensional displays, among others. Conventional methods for polarization control are often based on bulky optical elements. To achieve highly integrated optical devices, metasurfaces, which have been intensively studied in recent years, hold great promises to replace conventional optical elements for a variety of optical functions. In this work, we demonstrate electrically tunable optical metasurfaces for dynamic polarization conversion at visible frequencies. By exploring both the geometric and propagation phase tuning capabilities, rapid and reversible polarization rotation up to 90° is achieved for linearly polarized light. The dynamic functionality is imparted by liquid crystals, which serve as a thin surrounding medium with electrically tunable refractive indices for the metasurface antennas. Furthermore, we expand our concept to demonstrate electrically tunable metasurfaces for dynamic holography and holographic information generation with independently controlled multiple pixels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- 2nd
Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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64
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Kim J, Rana AS, Kim Y, Kim I, Badloe T, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Chiroptical Metasurfaces: Principles, Classification, and Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4381. [PMID: 34206760 PMCID: PMC8271883 DOI: 10.3390/s21134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the chiroptical response is necessary. Metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of periodic subwavelength artificial structures, have recently attracted significant attention because of their ability to enhance the chiroptical response by manipulating amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Here, we reviewed the fundamentals of chiroptical metasurfaces as well as categorized types of chiroptical metasurfaces by their intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. Finally, we introduced applications of chiral metasurfaces such as multiplexing metaholograms, metalenses, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Ahsan Sarwar Rana
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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65
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Kim I, Jang J, Kim G, Lee J, Badloe T, Mun J, Rho J. Pixelated bifunctional metasurface-driven dynamic vectorial holographic color prints for photonic security platform. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3614. [PMID: 34127669 PMCID: PMC8203667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vectorial holography has gained a lot of attention due to the promise of versatile polarization control of structured light for enhanced optical security and multi-channel optical communication. Here, we propose a bifunctional metasurface which combines both structural color printing and vectorial holography with eight polarization channels towards advanced encryption applications. The structural colour prints are observed under white light while the polarization encoded holograms are reconstructed under laser illumination. To encode multiple holographic images for different polarization states, a pixelated metasurface is adopted. As a proof-of-concept, we devise an electrically tunable optical security platform incorporated with liquid crystals. The optical security platform is doubly encrypted: an image under white light is decrypted to provide the first key and the corresponding information is used to fully unlock the encrypted information via projected vectorial holographic images. Such an electrically tunable optical security platform may enable smart labels for security and anticounterfeiting applications. The authors present a bi-functional metasurface, combining structural color printing observed under white light and polarization encoded It is appropriate. vectorial holography. A pixelated design is used encode multiple holographic images, and they demonstrate an electrically tunable optical security platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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