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Zhang E, Dai F, Chen T, Liu S, Xiao C, Shen X. Diagnostic models and predictive drugs associated with cuproptosis hub genes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1064639. [PMID: 36776574 PMCID: PMC9909238 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1064639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, and its underlying genes and treatments are unclear. Abnormalities in copper metabolism can prevent the clearance of β-amyloid peptides and promote the progression of AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the present study used a bioinformatics approach to perform an integrated analysis of the hub gene based on cuproptosis that can influence the diagnosis and treatment of AD. The gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including non-demented (ND) and AD samples. A total of 2,977 cuproptosis genes were retrieved from published articles. The seven hub genes associated with cuproptosis and AD were obtained from the differentially expressed genes and WGCNA in brain tissue from GSE33000. The GO analysis demonstrated that these genes were involved in phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, lipid, and glucose metabolism. By stepwise regression and logistic regression analysis, we screened four of the seven cuproptosis genes to construct a diagnostic model for AD, which was validated by GES15222, GS48350, and GSE5281. In addition, immune cell infiltration of samples was investigated for correlation with these hub genes. We identified six drugs targeting these seven cuproptosis genes in DrugBank. Hence, these cuproptosis gene signatures may be an important prognostic indicator for AD and may offer new insights into treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicinal Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Erdong Zhang ✉
| | - Fengqiu Dai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shanhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chaolun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicinal Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Xiangchun Shen ✉
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Condello C, Merz GE, Aoyagi A, DeGrado WF, Prusiner SB. Aβ and Tau Prions Causing Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:293-337. [PMID: 36399277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have both Aβ and tau prions, and thus, AD is a double-prion disease. AD patients with the greatest longevity exhibited low levels of both Aβ and tau prions; tau prions were nearly absent in the brains of almost half of the patients who lived beyond 80 years of age. Using cellular bioassays for prions in postmortem samples, we found that both Aβ and tau proteins misfold into prions leading to AD, which is either a sporadic or familial dementing disorder. Although AD is transmissible experimentally, there is no evidence that AD is either communicable or contagious. Since the progression of AD correlates poorly with insoluble Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS), it was difficult to distinguish between inert amyloids and Aβ prions. To measure the progression of AD, we devised rapid bioassays to measure the abundance of isoform-specific Aβ prions in the brains of transgenic (Tg) mice and in postmortem human CNS samples from AD victims and people who died of other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). We found significant correlations between the longevity of individuals with AD, sex, and genetic background, despite the fact that all postmortem brain tissue had essentially the same confirmed neuropathology.Although brains from all AD patients had measurable levels of Aβ prions at death, the oldest individuals had lower Aβ prion levels than the younger ones. Additionally, the long-lived individuals had low tau prion levels that correlated with the extent of phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Unexpectedly, a longevity-dependent decrease in tau prions was found in spite of increasing amounts of total insoluble tau. When corrected for the abundance of insoluble tau, the tau prion levels decreased exponentially with respect to the age at death with a half-time of approximately one decade, and this correlated with the abundance of phosphorylated tau.Even though our findings with tau prions were not unexpected, they were counterintuitive; thus, tau phosphorylation and tau prion activity decreased exponentially with longevity in patients with AD ranging from ages 37 to 99 years. Our findings demonstrated an inverse correlation between longevity in AD patients and the abundance of neurotoxic tau prions. Moreover, our discovery may have profound implications for the selection of phenotypically distinct patient populations and the development of diagnostics and effective therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory E Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Aoyagi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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de Lima IB, Ribeiro FM. The Implication of Glial Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:164-182. [PMID: 34951388 PMCID: PMC10190153 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223140303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first identified more than 100 years ago, yet aspects pertaining to its origin and the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not well known. To this date, there is no therapeutic approach or disease-modifying drug that could halt or at least delay disease progression. Until recently, glial cells were seen as secondary actors in brain homeostasis. Although this view was gradually refuted and the relevance of glial cells for the most diverse brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission was vastly proved, many aspects of its functioning, as well as its role in pathological conditions, remain poorly understood. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in glial cells were shown to be involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Besides its relevance for glial function, glutamatergic receptors are also central in the pathology of AD, and recent studies have shown that glial mGluRs play a role in the establishment and progression of AD. AD-related alterations in Ca2+ signalling, APP processing, and Aβ load, as well as AD-related neurodegeneration, are influenced by glial mGluRs. However, different types of mGluRs play different roles, depending on the cell type and brain region that is being analysed. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the current understanding of glial mGluRs and their implication in AD, providing an insight for future therapeutics and identifying existing research gaps worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella B.Q. de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Increase in Tau Pathology in P290S Mapt Knock-In Mice Crossed with App NL-G-F Mice. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0247-22.2022. [PMID: 36635241 PMCID: PMC9770019 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0247-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by the pathologic assembly of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which deposits into extracellular plaques, and tau, which accumulates in intraneuronal inclusions. To investigate the link between Aβ and tau pathologies, experimental models featuring both pathologies are needed. We developed a mouse model featuring both tau and Aβ pathologies by knocking the P290S mutation into murine Mapt and crossing these Mapt P290S knock-in (KI) mice with the App NL-G-F KI line. Mapt P290S KI mice developed a small number of tau inclusions, which increased with age. The amount of tau pathology was significantly larger in App NL-G-F xMapt P290S KI mice from 18 months of age onward. Tau pathology was higher in limbic areas, including hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform/entorhinal cortex. We also observed AT100-positive and Gallyas-Braak-silver-positive dystrophic neurites containing assembled filamentous tau, as visualized by in situ electron microscopy. Using a cell-based tau seeding assay, we showed that Sarkosyl-insoluble brain extracts from both 18-month-old Mapt P290S KI and App NL-G-F xMapt P290S KI mice were seed competent, with brain extracts from double-KI mice seeding significantly more than those from the Mapt P290S KI mice. Finally, we showed that App NL-G-F xMapt P290S KI mice had neurodegeneration in the piriform cortex from 18 months of age. We suggest that App NL-G-F xMapt P290S KI mice provide a good model for studying the interactions of aggregation-prone tau, Aβ, neuritic plaques, neurodegeneration, and aging.
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Jorge-Oliva M, Smits JFM, Wiersma VI, Hoozemans JJM, Scheper W. Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies are independently induced by tau and α-synuclein pathology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:187. [PMID: 36517915 PMCID: PMC9749177 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) are intracellular vesicular structures that commonly accompany pathological tau accumulations in neurons of patients with tauopathies. Recently, we developed the first model for GVBs in primary neurons, that requires exogenous tau seeds to elicit tau aggregation. This model allowed the identification of GVBs as proteolytically active lysosomes induced by tau pathology. GVBs selectively accumulate cargo in a dense core, that shows differential and inconsistent immunopositivity for (phosphorylated) tau epitopes. Despite the strong evidence connecting GVBs to tau pathology, these structures have been reported in neurons without apparent pathology in brain tissue of tauopathy patients. Additionally, GVBs and putative GVBs have also been reported in the brain of patients with non-tau proteinopathies. Here, we investigated the connection between pathological protein assemblies and GVBs in more detail. METHODS This study combined newly developed primary neuron models for tau and α-synuclein pathology with observations in human brain tissue from tauopathy and Parkinson's disease patients. Immunolabeling and imaging techniques were employed for extensive characterisation of pathological proteins and GVBs. Quantitative data were obtained by high-content automated microscopy as well as single-cell analysis of confocal images. RESULTS Employing a novel seed-independent neuronal tau/GVB model, we show that in the context of tauopathy, GVBs are inseparably associated with the presence of cytosolic pathological tau and that intracellular tau aggregation precedes GVB formation, strengthening the causal relationship between pathological accumulation of tau and GVBs. We also report that GVBs are inseparably associated with pathological tau at the single-cell level in the hippocampus of tauopathy patients. Paradoxically, we demonstrate the presence of GVBs in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients and in a primary neuron model for α-synuclein pathology. GVBs in this newly developed α-synuclein/GVB model are induced in the absence of cytosolic pathological tau accumulations. GVBs in the context of tau or α-synuclein pathology showed similar immunoreactivity for different phosphorylated tau epitopes. The phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity signature of GVBs is therefore independent of the presence of cytosolic tau pathology. CONCLUSION Our data identify the emergence of GVBs as a more generalised response to cytosolic protein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jorge-Oliva
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper F. M. Smits
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vera I. Wiersma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chandler H, Wise R, Linden D, Williams J, Murphy K, Lancaster TM. Alzheimer's genetic risk effects on cerebral blood flow across the lifespan are proximal to gene expression. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:1-9. [PMID: 36070676 PMCID: PMC7615143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysregulation such as altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may precede symptom onset. Genome wide association studies show that AD has a polygenic aetiology, providing a tool for studying AD susceptibility across the lifespan. Here, we ascertain whether the AD genetic risk effects on CBF previously observed (Chandler et al., 2019) are also present in later life. Consistent with our prior observations, AD genetic risk score (AD-GRS) was associated with reduced CBF in the ADNI sample. The regional association between AD-GRS and CBF were also spatially similar. Furthermore, CBF was related to the regional mRNA transcript expression of AD risk genes proximal to AD-GRS risk loci. These observations suggest that AD risk alleles may reduce neurovascular process such as CBF, potentially via mechanisms such as regional expression of proximal AD risk genes as an antecedent AD pathophysiology. Our observations help establish processes that underpin AD genetic risk-related reductions in CBF as a therapeutic target prior to the onset of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chandler
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - David Linden
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Williams
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Matthew Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Alraawi Z, Banerjee N, Mohanty S, Kumar TKS. Amyloidogenesis: What Do We Know So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213970. [PMID: 36430450 PMCID: PMC9695042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein aggregation, and amyloidosis in particular, has gained considerable interest in recent times. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) show a characteristic buildup of proteinaceous aggregates in several organs, especially the brain. Despite the enormous upsurge in research articles in this arena, it would not be incorrect to say that we still lack a crystal-clear idea surrounding these notorious aggregates. In this review, we attempt to present a holistic picture on protein aggregation and amyloids in particular. Using a chronological order of discoveries, we present the case of amyloids right from the onset of their discovery, various biophysical techniques, including analysis of the structure, the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of amyloids. We have discussed important questions on whether aggregation and amyloidosis are restricted to a subset of specific proteins or more broadly influenced by the biophysiochemical and cellular environment. The therapeutic strategies and the significant failure rate of drugs in clinical trials pertaining to these neurodegenerative diseases have been also discussed at length. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the globe hard, the review also discusses the plausibility of the far-reaching consequences posed by the virus, such as triggering early onset of amyloidosis. Finally, the application(s) of amyloids as useful biomaterials has also been discussed briefly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Alraawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srujana Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
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Paramanick D, Singh VD, Singh VK. Neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents via nanotechnology for treatment of Alzheimer diseases. J Control Release 2022; 351:638-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The central role of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: From neurofibrillary tangle maturation to the induction of cell death. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chockanathan U, Padmanabhan K. From synapses to circuits and back: Bridging levels of understanding in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5564-5586. [PMID: 35244297 PMCID: PMC10926359 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioural changes that include memory loss and cognitive decline and is associated with the appearance of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain. Although aspects of the disease percolate across multiple levels of neuronal organization, from the cellular to the behavioural, it is increasingly clear that circuits are a critical junction between the cellular pathology and the behavioural phenotypes that bookend these levels of analyses. In this review, we discuss critical aspects of neural circuit research, beginning with synapses and progressing to network activity and how they influence our understanding of disease processed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaysankar Chockanathan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Krishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Princiotta Cariddi L, Mauri M, Cosentino M, Versino M, Marino F. Alzheimer's Disease: From Immune Homeostasis to Neuroinflammatory Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13008. [PMID: 36361799 PMCID: PMC9658357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease is the most common cause in the world of progressive cognitive decline. Although many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been proposed, in recent years, neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to be an important contributing factor of Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation can occur through the combined action of the Central Nervous System resident immune cells and adaptive peripheral immune system. In the past years, immunotherapies for neurodegenerative diseases have focused wrongly on targeting protein aggregates Aβ plaques and NFT treatment. The role of both innate and adaptive immune cells has not been fully clarified, but several data suggest that immune system dysregulation plays a key role in neuroinflammation. Recent studies have focused especially on the role of the adaptive immune system and have shown that inflammatory markers are characterized by increased CD4+ Teff cells' activities and reduced circulating CD4+ Treg cells. In this review, we discuss the key role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the degeneration and regeneration mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, with a focus on how the crosstalk between these two systems is able to sustain brain homeostasis or shift it to a neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Princiotta Cariddi
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Mauri
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Versino
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Merighi S, Nigro M, Travagli A, Gessi S. Microglia and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12990. [PMID: 36361780 PMCID: PMC9657945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a huge need for novel therapeutic and preventative approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroinflammation seems to be one of the most fascinating solutions. The primary cell type that performs immunosurveillance and helps clear out unwanted chemicals from the brain is the microglia. Microglia work to reestablish efficiency and stop further degeneration in the early stages of AD but mainly fail in the illness's later phases. This may be caused by a number of reasons, e.g., a protracted exposure to cytokines that induce inflammation and an inappropriate accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. Extracellular amyloid and/or intraneuronal phosphorylated tau in AD can both activate microglia. The activation of TLRs and scavenger receptors, inducing the activation of numerous inflammatory pathways, including the NF-kB, JAK-STAT, and NLRP3 inflammasome, facilitates microglial phagocytosis and activation in response to these mediators. Aβ/tau are taken up by microglia, and their removal from the extracellular space can also have protective effects, but if the illness worsens, an environment that is constantly inflamed and overexposed to an oxidative environment might encourage continuous microglial activation, which can lead to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron overload, and neurotoxicity. The complexity and diversity of the roles that microglia play in health and disease necessitate the urgent development of new biomarkers that identify the activity of different microglia. It is imperative to comprehend the intricate mechanisms that result in microglial impairment to develop new immunomodulating therapies that primarily attempt to recover the physiological role of microglia, allowing them to carry out their core function of brain protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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The Role of Glymphatic System in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092261. [PMID: 36140362 PMCID: PMC9496080 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, whilst Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder. These two neurodegenerative disorders share the accumulation of toxic proteins as a pathological hallmark. The lack of definitive disease-modifying treatments for these neurogenerative diseases has led to the hypothesis of new pathogenic mechanisms to target and design new potential therapeutic approaches. The recent observation that the glymphatic system is supposed to be responsible for the movement of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste has led to study its involvement in the pathogenesis of these classic proteinopathies. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel located in the endfeet of astrocyte membrane, is considered a primary driver of the glymphatic clearance system, and defective AQP4-mediated glymphatic drainage has been linked to proteinopathies. The objective of the present review is to present the recent body of knowledge that links the glymphatic system to the pathogenesis of AD and PD disease and other lifestyle factors such as sleep deprivation and exercise that may influence glymphatic system function. We will also focus on the potential neuroimaging approaches that could identify a neuroimaging marker to detect glymphatic system changes.
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Costa AJ, Oliveira RB, Wachilewski P, Nishino MS, Bassani TB, Stilhano RS, Cerutti JM, Nozima B, Porto CS, Pereira GJDS, Ramirez AL, Smaili SS, Ureshino RP. Membrane estrogen receptor ERα activation improves tau clearance via autophagy induction in a tauopathy cell model. Brain Res 2022; 1795:148079. [PMID: 36088959 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent aging-associated neurodegenerative disease, with a higher incidence in women than men. There is evidence that sex hormone replacement therapy, particularly estrogen, reduces memory loss in menopausal women. Neurofibrillary tangles are associated with tau protein aggregation, a characteristic of AD and other tauopathies. In this sense, autophagy is a promising cellular process to remove these protein aggregates. This study evaluated the autophagy mechanisms involved in neuroprotection induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) in a Tet-On inducible expression tauopathy cell model (EGFP-tau WT or with the P301L mutation, 0N4R isoform). The results indicated that 17β-estradiol induces autophagy by activating AMPK in a concentration-dependent manner, independent of mTOR signals. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist, PPT, also induced autophagy, while the ERα antagonist, MPP, substantially attenuated the 17β-estradiol-mediated autophagy induction. Notably, 17β-estradiol increased LC3-II levels and phosphorylated and total tau protein clearance in the EGFP-tau WT cell line but not in EGPF-tau P301L. Similar results were observed with E2-BSA, a plasma membrane-impermeable estrogen, suggesting membrane ERα involvement in non-genomic estrogenic pathway activation. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol-induced autophagy led to EGFP-tau protein clearance. These results demonstrate that modulating autophagy via the estrogenic pathway may represent a new therapeutic target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Jardim Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Brito Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Wachilewski
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Sayuri Nishino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taysa Bervian Bassani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nozima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Segreti Porto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Koper MJ, Tomé SO, Gawor K, Belet A, Van Schoor E, Schaeverbeke J, Vandenberghe R, Vandenbulcke M, Ghebremedhin E, Otto M, von Arnim CAF, Balusu S, Blaschko MB, De Strooper B, Thal DR. LATE-NC aggravates GVD-mediated necroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:128. [PMID: 36057624 PMCID: PMC9441100 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is not only linked to its hallmark lesions-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)-but also to other co-occurring pathologies. This may lead to synergistic effects of the respective cellular and molecular players, resulting in neuronal death. One of these co-pathologies is the accumulation of phosphorylated transactive-response DNA binding protein 43 (pTDP-43) as neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, currently considered to represent limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathological changes (LATE-NC), in up to 70% of symptomatic AD cases. Granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) is another AD co-pathology, which also contains TDP-43 and other AD-related proteins. Recently, we found that all proteins required for necroptosis execution, a previously defined programmed form of neuronal cell death, are present in GVD, such as the phosphorylated necroptosis executioner mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL). Accordingly, this protein is a reliable marker for GVD lesions, similar to other known GVD proteins. Importantly, it is not yet known whether the presence of LATE-NC in symptomatic AD cases is associated with necroptosis pathway activation, presumably contributing to neuron loss by cell death execution. In this study, we investigated the impact of LATE-NC on the severity of necroptosis-associated GVD lesions, phosphorylated tau (pTau) pathology and neuronal density. First, we used 230 human post-mortem cases, including 82 controls without AD neuropathological changes (non-ADNC), 81 non-demented cases with ADNC, i.e.: pathologically-defined preclinical AD (p-preAD) and 67 demented cases with ADNC. We found that Braak NFT stage and LATE-NC stage were good predictors for GVD expansion and neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. Further, we compared the impact of TDP-43 accumulation on hippocampal expression of pMLKL-positive GVD, pTau as well as on neuronal density in a subset of nine non-ADNC controls, ten symptomatic AD cases with (ADTDP+) and eight without LATE-NC (ADTDP-). Here, we observed increased levels of pMLKL-positive, GVD-exhibiting neurons in ADTDP+ cases, compared to ADTDP- and controls, which was accompanied by augmented pTau pathology. Neuronal loss in the CA1 region was increased in ADTDP+ compared to ADTDP- cases. These data suggest that co-morbid LATE-NC in AD impacts not only pTau pathology but also GVD-mediated necroptosis pathway activation, which results in an accelerated neuronal demise. This further highlights the cumulative and synergistic effects of comorbid pathologies leading to neuronal loss in AD. Accordingly, protection against necroptotic neuronal death appears to be a promising therapeutic option for AD and LATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Koper
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra O Tomé
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Klara Gawor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Belet
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Schoor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estifanos Ghebremedhin
- Institute of Anatomy - Anatomy I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sriram Balusu
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew B Blaschko
- Department of Electronics, Center for Processing Speech and Images, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Murakami K, Ono K. Interactions of amyloid coaggregates with biomolecules and its relevance to neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22493. [PMID: 35971743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In these diseases, oligomeric intermediates or toxic aggregates of amyloids cause neuronal damage and degeneration. Despite the substantial effort made over recent decades to implement therapeutic interventions, these neurodegenerative diseases are not yet understood at the molecular level. In many cases, multiple disease-causing amyloids overlap in a sole pathological feature or a sole disease-causing amyloid represents multiple pathological features. Various amyloid pathologies can coexist in the same brain with or without clinical presentation and may even occur in individuals without disease. From sparse data, speculation has arisen regarding the coaggregation of amyloids with disparate amyloid species and other biomolecules, which are the same characteristics that make diagnostics and drug development challenging. However, advances in research related to biomolecular condensates and structural analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. Considering the development of these resources and techniques, herein we review the cross-seeding of amyloidosis, for example, involving the amyloids amyloid β, tau, α-synuclein, and human islet amyloid polypeptide, and their cross-inhibition by transthyretin and BRICHOS. The interplay of nucleic acid-binding proteins, such as prions, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma, and fragile X mental retardation polyglycine, with nucleic acids in the pathology of neurodegeneration are also described, and we thereby highlight the potential clinical applications in central nervous system therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Aβ and Tau Interact with Metal Ions, Lipid Membranes and Peptide-Based Amyloid Inhibitors: Are These Common Features Relevant in Alzheimer’s Disease? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165066. [PMID: 36014310 PMCID: PMC9414153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the amyloid hypothesis, i.e., the abnormal accumulation of toxic Aβ assemblies in the brain, has been considered the mainstream concept sustaining research in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the course of cognitive decline and AD development better correlates with tau accumulation rather than amyloid peptide deposition. Moreover, all clinical trials of amyloid-targeting drug candidates have been unsuccessful, implicitly suggesting that the amyloid hypothesis needs significant amendments. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a series of potentially dangerous relationships between Aβ oligomeric species and tau protein in AD. However, the molecular determinants underlying pathogenic Aβ/tau cross interactions are not fully understood. Here, we discuss the common features of Aβ and tau molecules, with special emphasis on: (i) the critical role played by metal dyshomeostasis in promoting both Aβ and tau aggregation and oxidative stress, in AD; (ii) the effects of lipid membranes on Aβ and tau (co)-aggregation at the membrane interface; (iii) the potential of small peptide-based inhibitors of Aβ and tau misfolding as therapeutic tools in AD. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the direct Aβ/tau interaction remains largely unknown, the arguments discussed in this review may help reinforcing the current view of a synergistic Aβ/tau molecular crosstalk in AD and stimulate further research to mechanism elucidation and next-generation AD therapeutics.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-(4-(Heptyloxy)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one via Repression of MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in β-Amyloid-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Models. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155035. [PMID: 35956985 PMCID: PMC9370156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease, but so far, it can only be treated symptomatically rather than changing the process of the disease. Recently, triazoles and their derivatives have been shown to have potential for the treatment of AD. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of 4-(4-(heptyloxy)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (W112) against β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced AD pathology and its possible mechanism were explored both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that W112 exhibits a neuroprotective role against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and improves the learning and memory abilities of Aβ-induced AD-like rats. In addition, the assays of the protein expression revealed that W112 reversed tau hyperphosphorylation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, both in vitro and in vivo studies. Further study indicated that the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathways played a key role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of W112 against AD-like pathology. W112 may become a potential drug for AD intervention.
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69
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Pal S, Roy R, Paul S. Deciphering the Role of ATP on PHF6 Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4761-4775. [PMID: 35759245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of Tau protein, which are involved in Alzheimer's disease, are associated with the self-assembly of the hexapeptide sequence, paired helical filament 6 (PHF6) from repeat 3 of Tau. In order to treat Alzheimer's disease and other such tauopathies, one of the therapeutic strategies is to inhibit aggregation of Tau and its nucleating segments. Therefore, we have studied the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the aggregation of PHF6. ATP has, interestingly, demonstrated its ability to inhibit and dissolve protein aggregates. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we observed that the hydrophobic core of PHF6 segment displays extended β-sheet conformation, which stabilizes PHF6 aggregates. However, the distribution of ATP around the vicinity of the peptides enables PHF6 to remain discrete and attain random coil conformers. The interpeptide interactions are substituted by PHF6-ATP interactions through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions (including π-π stacking). Furthermore, the adenosine moiety of ATP contributes more than the triphosphate chain toward PHF6-ATP interaction. Ultimately, this work establishes the inhibitory activity of ATP against Tau aggregation; hence, the therapeutic effect of ATP should be explored further in regard to the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rituparna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Li T, Lu L, Pember E, Li X, Zhang B, Zhu Z. New Insights into Neuroinflammation Involved in Pathogenic Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential for Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121925. [PMID: 35741054 PMCID: PMC9221885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide with an estimated increase to 139 million people by 2050. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of AD remain elusive, resulting in the fact that the current therapeutics solely focus on symptomatic management instead of preventative or curative strategies. The two most widely accepted pathogenic mechanisms of AD include the amyloid and tau hypotheses. However, it is evident that these hypotheses cannot fully explain neuronal degeneration shown in AD. Substantial evidence is growing for the vital role of neuroinflammation in AD pathology. The neuroinflammatory hypothesis provides a new, exciting lead in uncovering the underlying mechanisms contributing to AD. This review aims to highlight new insights into the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, mainly including the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 axis, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and cGAS-STING as key influencers in augmenting AD development. The inflammasomes related to the pathways of NF-κB, NLRP3, TREM2, and cGAS-STING as biomarkers of the neuroinflammation associated with AD, as well as an overview of novel AD treatments based on these biomarkers as potential drug targets reported in the literature or under clinical trials, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Li Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Eloise Pember
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xinuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China;
| | - Bocheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (T.L.); (L.L.); (E.P.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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71
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Sanchez-Varo R, Mejias-Ortega M, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Nuñez-Diaz C, Caceres-Palomo L, Vegas-Gomez L, Sanchez-Mejias E, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Leon JA, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Vizuete M, Vitorica J, Baglietto-Vargas D, Gutierrez A. Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5404. [PMID: 35628216 PMCID: PMC9142061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes the most prominent form of dementia among elderly individuals worldwide. Disease modeling using murine transgenic mice was first initiated thanks to the discovery of heritable mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins (PS) genes. However, due to the repeated failure of translational applications from animal models to human patients, along with the recent advances in genetic susceptibility and our current understanding on disease biology, these models have evolved over time in an attempt to better reproduce the complexity of this devastating disease and improve their applicability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about the major pathological elements of human AD (plaques, tauopathy, synaptic damage, neuronal death, neuroinflammation and glial dysfunction), discussing the knowledge that available mouse models have provided about the mechanisms underlying human disease. Moreover, we highlight the pros and cons of current models, and the revolution offered by the concomitant use of transgenic mice and omics technologies that may lead to a more rapid improvement of the present modeling battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Caceres-Palomo
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Vegas-Gomez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (R.S.-V.); (M.M.-O.); (J.J.F.-V.); (C.N.-D.); (L.C.-P.); (L.V.-G.); (E.S.-M.); (L.T.-E.); (J.A.G.-L.); (I.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.); (J.V.)
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Advancements in the development of multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116742. [PMID: 35398739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial irreversible neurological disorder which results in cognitive impairment, loss of cholinergic neurons in synapses of the basal forebrain and neuronal death. Exact pathology of the disease is not yet known however, many hypotheses have been proposed for its treatment. The available treatments including monotherapies and combination therapies are not able to combat the disease effectively because of its complex pathological mechanism. A multipotent drug for AD has the potential to bind or inhibit multiple targets responsible for the progression of the disease like aggregated Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, MAO enzymes, overactivated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor etc. The traditional approach of one disease-one target-one drug has been rationalized to one drug-multi targets for the chronic diseases like AD and cancer. Thus, over the last decade research focus has been shifted towards the development of multi target directed ligands (MTDLs) which can simultaneously inhibit multiple targets and stop or slow the progression of the disease. The MTDLs can be more effective against AD and eliminate any possibility of drug-drug interactions. Many important active pharmacophore units have been fused, merged or incorporated into different scaffolds to synthesize new potent drugs. In the current article, we have described various hypothesis for AD and effectiveness of the MTDLs treatment strategy is discussed in detail. Different chemical scaffolds and their synthetic strategies have been described and important functionalities are identified in the chemical scaffold that have the potential to bind to the multiple targets. The important leads identified in this study with MTDL characteristics have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the effective treatment of AD.
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Liu F, Jiang L, Sang J, Lu F, Li L. Molecular basis of cross-interactions between Aβ and Tau protofibrils probed by molecular simulations. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Sato K, Seino Y, Ichii S, Nakahata N, Takatama M, Westaway D, George-Hyslop PS, Shoji M. Lipid Rafts Act as a Common Platform for Amyloid-β Oligomer-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers induce the overproduction of phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. These cascades gradually cause cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While each pathological event in AD has been studied in detail separately, the spatial and temporal relationships between pathological events in AD remain unclear. Objective: We demonstrated that lipid rafts function as a common platform for the pathological cascades of AD. Methods: Cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts were prepared from the brains of Aβ amyloid model mice (Tg2576 mice) and double transgenic mice (Tg2576 x TgTauP301L mice) and longitudinally analyzed. Results: Aβ dimers, the cellular prion protein (PrPc), and Aβ dimer/PrPc complexes were detected in the lipid rafts. The levels of Fyn, the phosphorylated NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and tau oligomers increased with Aβ dimer accumulation in both the cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts. Increases in the levels of these molecules were first seen at 6 months of age and corresponded with the early stages of Aβ accumulation in the amyloid model mice. Conclusion: Lipid rafts act as a common platform for the progression of AD pathology. The findings of this study suggest a novel therapeutic approach to AD, involving the modification of lipid raft components and the inhibition of their roles in the sequential pathological events of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Sadanobu Ichii
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakahata
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare/JuniorCollege, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter St. George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Medical Biophysics, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Dorigatti AO, Riordan R, Yu Z, Ross G, Wang R, Reynolds-Lallement N, Magnusson K, Galvan V, Perez VI. Brain cellular senescence in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1157-1168. [PMID: 35249206 PMCID: PMC9135905 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells contributes to aging pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, and its selective removal improves physiological and cognitive function in wild-type mice as well as in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. AD models recapitulate some, but not all components of disease and do so at different rates. Whether brain cellular senescence is recapitulated in some or all AD models and whether the emergence of cellular senescence in AD mouse models occurs before or after the expected onset of AD-like cognitive deficits in these models are not yet known. The goal of this study was to identify mouse models of AD and AD-related dementias that develop measurable markers of cellular senescence in brain and thus may be useful to study the role of cellular senescence in these conditions. We measured the levels of cellular senescence markers in the brains of P301S(PS19), P301L, hTau, and 3xTg-AD mice that model amyloidopathy and/or tauopathy in AD and related dementias and in wild-type, age-matched control mice for each strain. Expression of cellular senescence markers in brains of transgenic P301L and 3xTg-AD mice was largely indistinguishable from that in WT control age-matched mice. In contrast, markers of cellular senescence were differentially increased in brains of transgenic hTau and P301S(PS19) mice as compared to WT control mice before the onset of AD-like cognitive deficits. Taken together, our data suggest that P301S(PS19) and hTau mice may be useful models for the study of brain cellular senescence in tauopathies including, but not limited to, AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela O Dorigatti
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruben Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Grace Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Nadjalisse Reynolds-Lallement
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Kathy Magnusson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd, BMSB 853, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Xu G, Ulm BS, Howard J, Fromholt SE, Lu Q, Lee BB, Walker A, Borchelt DR, Lewis J. TAPPing into the potential of inducible tau/APP transgenic mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12791. [PMID: 35067965 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our understanding of the pathological interactions between amyloidosis and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease is incomplete. We sought to determine if the relative timing of the amyloidosis and tauopathy is critical for amyloid-enhanced tauopathy. METHODS We crossed an inducible tauopathy model with two β-amyloid models utilising the doxycycline-repressible transgenic system to modulate timing and duration of human tau expression in the context of amyloidosis and then assessed tauopathy, amyloidosis and gliosis. RESULTS We combined inducible rTg4510 tau with APPswe/PS1dE9 [Line 85 (L85)] mice to examine the interactions between Aβ and tauopathy at different stages of amyloidosis. When we initially suppressed mutant human tau expression for 14-15 months and subsequently induced tau expression for 6 months, severe amyloidosis with robust tauopathy resulted in rTg4510/L85 but not rTg4510 mice. When we suppressed mutant tau for 7 months before inducing expression for a subsequent 6 months in another cohort of rTg4510/L85 and rTg4510 mice, only rTg4510/L85 mice displayed robust tauopathy. Lastly, we crossed rTg4510 mice to tet-regulated APPswe/ind [Line 107 (L107)] mice, using doxycycline to initially suppress both transgenes for 1 month before inducing expression for 5 months to model early amyloidosis. In contrast to rTg4510, rTg4510/L107 mice rapidly developed amyloidosis, accompanied by robust tauopathy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that tau misfolding is exacerbated by both newly forming Aβ deposits in younger brain and mature deposits in older brains. Refined use and repurposing of these models provide new tools to explore the intersection of ageing, amyloid and tauopathy and to test interventions to disrupt the amyloid cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Xu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittany S Ulm
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Howard
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan E Fromholt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Benedict Lee
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ariel Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- SantaFe HealthCare Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zhang Y, Qian L, Kuang Y, Liu J, Wang D, Xie W, Zhang L, Fu L. An adeno-associated virus-mediated immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Immunol 2022; 144:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent due to the aging of the global populations. Currently available treatment options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only have symptomatic effects and no drugs with disease-modifying properties are available. Research on the amyloid cascade indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain may be the main pathophysiological change in late-onset AD and the key driver of neurodegeneration, which ultimately results in progressive cognitive deterioration and dementia. Most new AD drug candidates target different aspects of Aβ clearance, eg, using passive anti-Aβ immunization, but so far, all efforts to develop more effective drugs have failed. In parallel, nonpharmacological prevention trials are being conducted to modify dementia risk associated with known epidemiological risk factors. Some initial results are promising, but replication across independent cohorts remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Hudák A, Letoha A, Vizler C, Letoha T. Syndecan-3 as a Novel Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3407. [PMID: 35328830 PMCID: PMC8955174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of paramount importance in preserving the patient's mental and physical health in a fairly manageable condition for a longer period. Reliable AD detection requires novel biomarkers indicating central nervous system (CNS) degeneration in the periphery. Members of the syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans are emerging new targets in inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Reviewing the growing scientific evidence on the involvement of syndecans in the pathomechanism of AD, we analyzed the expression of the neuronal syndecan, syndecan-3 (SDC3), in experimental models of neurodegeneration. Initial in vitro studies showed that prolonged treatment of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increases SDC3 expression in model neuronal and brain microvascular endothelial cell lines. In vivo studies revealed elevated concentrations of TNF-α in the blood and brain of APPSWE-Tau transgenic mice, along with increased SDC3 concentration in the brain and the liver. Primary brain endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes isolated from APPSWE-Tau mice exhibited increased SDC3 expression than wild-type controls. SDC3 expression of blood-derived monocytes showed a positive correlation with amyloid plaque load in the brain, demonstrating that SDC3 on monocytes is a good indicator of amyloid pathology in the brain. Given the well-established role of blood tests, the SDC3 expression of monocytes could serve as a novel biomarker for early AD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamária Letoha
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
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Effects of Deferasirox in Alzheimer’s Disease and Tauopathy Animal Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030365. [PMID: 35327557 PMCID: PMC8945800 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of iron may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies. The iron chelator desferrioxamine slows disease progression in AD patients. However, desferrioxamine requires injection, which is inconvenient and may hinder compliance. We therefore tested an oral iron chelator, desferasirox (Exjade), in transgenic animal models. Tg2576 mice overexpress the mutant human APP protein and produce the Aβ peptide. JNPL3 mice (Tau/Tau) overexpress the mutant human tau protein. Crossing these produced APP/Tau mice, overexpressing both APP and tau. Treating the three models with 1.6 mg deferasirox thrice weekly from age 8 to 14 months did not affect memory as measured by contextual fear conditioning or motor function as measured by rotarod, but tended to decrease hyperphosphorylated tau as measured by AT8 immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Deferasirox might act by decreasing iron, which aggregates tau, or directly binding tau to inhibit aggregation.
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81
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Koller EJ, Ibanez KR, Vo Q, McFarland KN, De La Cruz EG, Zobel L, Williams T, Xu G, Ryu D, Patel P, Giasson BI, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Combinatorial model of amyloid β and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12779. [PMID: 34825397 PMCID: PMC8810717 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To illuminate the pathological synergy between Aβ and tau leading to emergence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here, we have performed a comparative neuropathological study utilising three distinctive variants of human tau (WT tau, P301L mutant tau and S320F mutant tau). Previously, in non-transgenic mice, we showed that WT tau or P301L tau does not form NFT while S320F tau can spontaneously aggregate into NFT, allowing us to test the selective vulnerability of these different tau conformations to the presence of Aβ plaques. METHODS We injected recombinant AAV-tau constructs into neonatal APP transgenic TgCRND8 mice or into 3-month-old TgCRND8 mice; both cohorts were aged 3 months post injection. This allowed us to test how different tau variants synergise with soluble forms of Aβ (pre-deposit cohort) or with frank Aβ deposits (post-deposit cohort). RESULTS Expression of WT tau did not produce NFT or altered Aβ in either cohort. In the pre-deposit cohort, S320F tau induced Aβ plaque deposition, neuroinflammation and synaptic abnormalities, suggesting that early tau tangles affect the amyloid cascade. In the post-deposit cohort, contemporaneous expression of S320F tau did not exacerbate amyloid pathology, showing a dichotomy in Aβ-tau synergy based on the nature of Aβ. P301L tau produced NFT-type inclusions in the post-deposit cohort, but not in the pre-deposit cohort, indicating pathological synergy with pre-existing Aβ deposits. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that different tau mutations representing specific folding variants of tau synergise with Aβ to different extents, depending on the presence of cerebral deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristen R Ibanez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lillian Zobel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tristan Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daniel Ryu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Preya Patel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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83
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35090576 PMCID: PMC8796548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological alterations to neuronal circuits and synapses may provide a mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology and thus may serve as an obligatory relay of the cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity in learning and memory. Considering AD as a synaptic disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutical molecule for AD. Although depletion of BDNF has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF signaling on AD are still unknown. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF genomic structure is connected to factors that regulate BDNF signaling. We then discuss the role of BDNF in AD and the potential of BDNF-targeting therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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84
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Moore BD, Levites Y, Xu G, Hampton H, Adamo MF, Croft CL, Futch HS, Moran C, Fromholt S, Janus C, Prokop S, Dickson D, Lewis J, Giasson BI, Golde TE, Borchelt DR. Soluble brain homogenates from diverse human and mouse sources preferentially seed diffuse Aβ plaque pathology when injected into newborn mouse hosts. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2022; 3. [PMID: 35494163 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Seeding of pathology related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) by tissue homogenates or purified protein aggregates in various model systems has revealed prion-like properties of these disorders. Typically, these homogenates are injected into adult mice stereotaxically. Injection of brain lysates into newborn mice represents an alternative approach of delivering seeds that could direct the evolution of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology co-mixed with either tau or α-synuclein (αSyn) pathology in susceptible mouse models. Methods Homogenates of human pre-frontal cortex were injected into the lateral ventricles of newborn (P0) mice expressing a mutant humanized amyloid precursor protein (APP), human P301L tau, human wild type αSyn, or combinations thereof. The homogenates were prepared from AD and AD/LBD cases displaying variable degrees of Aβ pathology and co-existing tau and αSyn deposits. Behavioral assessments of APP transgenic mice injected with AD brain lysates were conducted. For comparison, homogenates of aged APP transgenic mice that preferentially exhibit diffuse or cored deposits were similarly injected into the brains of newborn APP mice. Results We observed that lysates from the brains with AD (Aβ+, tau+), AD/LBD (Aβ+, tau+, αSyn+), or Pathological Aging (Aβ+, tau-, αSyn-) efficiently seeded diffuse Aβ deposits. Moderate seeding of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was also observed. No animal of any genotype developed discernable tau or αSyn pathology. Performance in fear-conditioning cognitive tasks was not significantly altered in APP transgenic animals injected with AD brain lysates compared to nontransgenic controls. Homogenates prepared from aged APP transgenic mice with diffuse Aβ deposits induced similar deposits in APP host mice; whereas homogenates from APP mice with cored deposits induced similar cored deposits, albeit at a lower level. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the idea that diffuse Aβ pathology, which is a common feature of human AD, AD/LBD, and PA brains, may arise from a distinct strain of misfolded Aβ that is highly transmissible to newborn transgenic APP mice. Seeding of tau or αSyn comorbidities was inefficient in the models we used, indicating that additional methodological refinement will be needed to efficiently seed AD or AD/LBD mixed pathologies by injecting newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hailey Hampton
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Munir F Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cara L Croft
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hunter S Futch
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Corey Moran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susan Fromholt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christopher Janus
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.,Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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85
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Golde TE. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: More Questions than Answers. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:209-227. [PMID: 35229269 PMCID: PMC8885119 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances over the last four decades have steadily infused the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field with great optimism that therapies targeting Aβ, amyloid, tau, and innate immune activation states in the brain would provide disease modification. Unfortunately, this optimistic scenario has not yet played out. Though a recent approval of the anti-Aβ aggregate binding antibody, Aduhelm (aducanumab), as a "disease-modifying therapy for AD" is viewed by some as a breakthrough, many remain unconvinced by the data underlying this approval. Collectively, we have not succeeded in changing AD from a largely untreatable, inevitable, and incurable disease to a treatable, preventable, and curable one. Here, I will review the major foci of the AD "disease-modifying" therapeutic pipeline and some of the "open questions" that remain in terms of these therapeutic approaches. I will conclude the review by discussing how we, as a field, might adjust our approach, learning from our past failures to ensure future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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86
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Klonarakis M, De Vos M, Woo E, Ralph L, Thacker JS, Gil-Mohapel J. The three sisters of fate: Genetics, pathophysiology and outcomes of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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87
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Fowler CF, Goerzen D, Devenyi GA, Madularu D, Chakravarty MM, Near J. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac072. [PMID: 35434622 PMCID: PMC9007326 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F. Fowler
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Correspondence to: Caitlin F. Fowler, CIC Pavilion Office GH-2113 Douglas Mental Health University Institute 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 E-mail:
| | - Dana Goerzen
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Gabriel A. Devenyi
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Dan Madularu
- Centre for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Jamie Near
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
- Physical Studies Research Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
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88
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Frisoni GB, Altomare D, Thal DR, Ribaldi F, van der Kant R, Ossenkoppele R, Blennow K, Cummings J, van Duijn C, Nilsson PM, Dietrich PY, Scheltens P, Dubois B. The probabilistic model of Alzheimer disease: the amyloid hypothesis revised. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:53-66. [PMID: 34815562 PMCID: PMC8840505 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current conceptualization of Alzheimer disease (AD) is driven by the amyloid hypothesis, in which a deterministic chain of events leads from amyloid deposition and then tau deposition to neurodegeneration and progressive cognitive impairment. This model fits autosomal dominant AD but is less applicable to sporadic AD. Owing to emerging information regarding the complex biology of AD and the challenges of developing amyloid-targeting drugs, the amyloid hypothesis needs to be reconsidered. Here we propose a probabilistic model of AD in which three variants of AD (autosomal dominant AD, APOE ε4-related sporadic AD and APOE ε4-unrelated sporadic AD) feature decreasing penetrance and decreasing weight of the amyloid pathophysiological cascade, and increasing weight of stochastic factors (environmental exposures and lower-risk genes). Together, these variants account for a large share of the neuropathological and clinical variability observed in people with AD. The implementation of this model in research might lead to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, a revision of the current clinical taxonomy and accelerated development of strategies to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Cinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences; University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, IM2A, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975, INSERM, Paris, France
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89
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Cheng KC, Hwang YL, Chiang HC. The double-edged sword effect of HDAC6 in Aβ toxicities. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22072. [PMID: 34907598 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101061r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by cognitive impairment, massive cell death, and reduced life expectancy. Pathologically, accumulated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates and hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the hallmark of the disease. Although changes in cellular function and protein accumulates have been demonstrated in many different AD animal models, the molecular mechanism involved in different cellular functions and the correlation and causative relation between different protein accumulations remain elusive. Our in vivo genetic studies revealed that the molecular mechanisms involved in memory loss and lifespan shortening are different and that tau plays an essential role in mediating Aβ-induced early death. We found that when the first deacetylase (DAC) domain of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity was increased, it regulated cortactin deacetylation to reverse Aβ-induced learning and memory deficit, but with no effect on the lifespan of the Aβ flies. On the other hand, an increased amount of the second DAC domain of HDAC6 promoted tau phosphorylation to facilitate Aβ-induced lifespan shortening without affecting learning performance in the Aβ flies. Our data also confirmed decreased acetylation in two major HDAC6 downstream proteins, suggesting increased HDAC6 activity in Aβ flies. Our data established the double-edged sword effect of HDAC6 activity in Aβ-induced pathologies. Not only did we segregate memory loss and lifespan shortening in Aβ flies, but we also provided evidence to link the Aβ with tau signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Luen Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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90
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Mckean NE, Handley RR, Snell RG. A Review of the Current Mammalian Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Challenges That Need to Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13168. [PMID: 34884970 PMCID: PMC8658123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the looming health crises of the near future. Increasing lifespans and better medical treatment for other conditions mean that the prevalence of this disease is expected to triple by 2050. The impact of AD includes both the large toll on individuals and their families as well as a large financial cost to society. So far, we have no way to prevent, slow, or cure the disease. Current medications can only alleviate some of the symptoms temporarily. Many animal models of AD have been created, with the first transgenic mouse model in 1995. Mouse models have been beset by challenges, and no mouse model fully captures the symptomatology of AD without multiple genetic mutations and/or transgenes, some of which have never been implicated in human AD. Over 25 years later, many mouse models have been given an AD-like disease and then 'cured' in the lab, only for the treatments to fail in clinical trials. This review argues that small animal models are insufficient for modelling complex disorders such as AD. In order to find effective treatments for AD, we need to create large animal models with brains and lifespan that are closer to humans, and underlying genetics that already predispose them to AD-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Elizabeth Mckean
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Renee Robyn Handley
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell Grant Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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91
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Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Pérez-González M, Alfaro-Ruiz R, Badesso S, Sucunza D, Espelosin M, Ursúa S, Lachen-Montes M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, Luján R, García-Osta A. Amyloid-Driven Tau Accumulation on Mitochondria Potentially Leads to Cognitive Deterioration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111950. [PMID: 34769380 PMCID: PMC8584544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-accepted role of the two main neuropathological markers (β-amyloid and tau) in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the interaction and specific contribution of each of them is not fully elucidated. To address this question, in the present study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) carrying the mutant P301L form of human tau, was injected into the dorsal hippocampi of APP/PS1 transgenic mice or wild type mice (WT). Three months after injections, memory tasks, biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. We found that the overexpression of hTauP301L accelerates memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice, but it did not affect memory function of WT mice. Likewise, biochemical assays showed that only in the case of APP/PS1-hTauP301L injected mice, an important accumulation of tau was observed in the insoluble urea fraction. Similarly, electron microscopy images revealed that numerous clusters of tau immunoparticles appear at the dendrites of APP/PS1 injected mice and not in WT animals, suggesting that the presence of amyloid is necessary to induce tau aggregation. Interestingly, these tau immunoparticles accumulate in dendritic mitochondria in the APP/PS1 mice, whereas most of mitochondria in WT injected mice remain free of tau immunoparticles. Taken together, it seems that amyloid induces tau aggregation and accumulation in the dendritic mitochondria and subsequently may alter synapse function, thus, contributing to accelerate cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
| | - Marta Pérez-González
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (R.L.)
| | - Sara Badesso
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - María Espelosin
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - Susana Ursúa
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - Mercedes Lachen-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (R.L.)
| | - Ana García-Osta
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
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92
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Matsumoto S, Tsunematsu T. Association between Sleep, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1127. [PMID: 34827122 PMCID: PMC8614785 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that slowly affects memory and cognitive function, and is characterized by the aggregation of the β-amyloid protein and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder typically resulting in rigidity and tremor, which is pathologically linked to the aggregation of α-synuclein, particularly in dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Sleep disorders commonly occur in AD and PD patients, and it can precede the onset of these diseases. For example, cognitively normal older individuals who have highly fragmented sleep had a 1.5-fold increased risk of subsequently developing AD. This suggests that sleep abnormalities may be a potential biomarker of these diseases. In this review, we describe the alterations of sleep in AD and PD, and discuss their potential in the early diagnosis of these diseases. We further discuss whether sleep disturbance could be a target for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Matsumoto
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Tomomi Tsunematsu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
- Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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93
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Britton RJ, Hutchison JM, Sanders CR. The transmembrane amyloid precursor C99 protein exhibits non-specific interaction with tau. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:48-52. [PMID: 34481234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the two most prominent proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research have been the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the microtubule assembly protein tau. In the classical model for the etiology of AD, amyloid-β (Aβ)-an APP derivative and hyperphosphorylated tau form aggregates in the brain that underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the connection between Aβ and tau pathologies remains unclear. Several studies have provided evidence that the presence of Aβ can induce or enhance neurofibrillary tangle formation by tau. Others have reported a direct interaction between tau and short fragments of the APP transmembrane domain, C99. Structural studies of C99 show that these in vitro tau-binding fragments of C99 are buried in the lipid bilayer and are likely unavailable to bind tau in vivo. Given the importance of APP and tau in AD, we sought to characterize the potential interaction of the Aβ precursor, full length C99, and tau in vitro using NMR spectroscopy. We found that C99 and soluble tau interact only weakly and, most likely, non-specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett J Britton
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - James M Hutchison
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA; Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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94
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Somogyi A, Wolf E. Increased Signal Delays and Unaltered Synaptic Input Pattern Recognition in Layer III Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons of the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy: A Computer Simulation Study With Passive Membrane. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:721773. [PMID: 34733131 PMCID: PMC8558261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.721773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tau proteins are involved in pathology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Transgenic rTg4510 mice express high levels of human tau protein with P301L mutation linked to chromosome 17 that has been associated with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism. By 9 months of age, these mice recapitulate key features of human tauopathies, including presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in brain tissue, atrophy and loss of neurons and synapses, and hyperexcitability of neurons, as well as cognitive deficiencies. We investigated effects of such human mutant tau protein on neuronal membrane, subthreshold dendritic signaling, and synaptic input pattern recognition/discrimination in layer III frontal transgenic (TG) pyramidal neurons of 9-month-old rTg4510 mice and compared these characteristics to those of wild-type (WT) pyramidal neurons from age-matched control mice. Passive segmental cable models of WT and TG neurons were set up in the NEURON simulator by using three-dimensionally reconstructed morphology and electrophysiological data of these cells. Our computer simulations predict leakage resistance and capacitance of neuronal membrane to be unaffected by the mutant tau protein. Computer models of TG neurons showed only modest alterations in distance dependence of somatopetal voltage and current transfers along dendrites and in rise times and half-widths of somatic Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSPs) relative to WT control. In contrast, a consistent and statistically significant slowdown was detected in the speed of simulated subthreshold dendritic signal propagation in all regions of the dendritic surface of mutant neurons. Predictors of synaptic input pattern recognition/discrimination remained unaltered in model TG neurons. This suggests that tau pathology is primarily associated with failures/loss in synaptic connections rather than with altered intraneuronal synaptic integration in neurons of affected networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Somogyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ervin Wolf
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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95
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Filip T, Mairinger S, Neddens J, Sauberer M, Flunkert S, Stanek J, Wanek T, Okamura N, Langer O, Hutter-Paier B, Kuntner C. Characterization of an APP/tau rat model of Alzheimer's disease by positron emission tomography and immunofluorescent labeling. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:175. [PMID: 34656177 PMCID: PMC8522096 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the etiology and pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, several transgenic animal models that overexpress human tau or human amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed. In the present study, we generated a novel transgenic rat model by cross-breeding amyloid precursor protein (APP) rats with tau rats. We characterized this model by performing positron emission tomography scans combined with immunofluorescent labeling and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. METHODS APP/Tau rats were generated by cross-breeding male McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats with female hTau-40/P301L transgenic rats. APP/Tau double transgenic rats and non-transgenic (ntg) littermates aged 7, 13, and 21 months were subjected to dynamic [11C] PiB scan and dynamic [18F]THK-5317 scans. For regional brain analysis, a template was generated from anatomical MR images of selected animals, which was co-registered with the PET images. Regional analysis was performed by application of the simplified reference tissue model ([11C]PiB data), whereas [18F]THK-5317 data were analyzed using a 2-tissue compartment model and Logan graphical analysis. In addition, immunofluorescent labeling (tau, amyloid) and cerebrospinal fluid analyses were performed. RESULTS [11C]PiB binding potential (BPND) and [18F]THK-5317 volume of distribution (VT) showed an increase with age in several brain regions in the APP/Tau group but not in the ntg control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain slices of PET-scanned animals revealed a positive correlation between Aβ labeling and [11C]PiB regional BPND. Tau staining yielded a trend towards higher levels in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/Tau rats compared with ntg littermates, but without reaching statistical significance. No correlation was found between tau immunofluorescence labeling results and the respective [18F]THK-5317 VT values. CONCLUSIONS We thoroughly characterized a novel APP/Tau rat model using combined PET imaging and immunofluorescence analysis. We observed an age-related increase in [11C]PiB and [18F]THK-5317 binding in several brain regions in the APP/Tau group but not in the ntg group. Although we were able to reveal a positive correlation between amyloid labeling and [11C]PiB regional brain uptake, we observed relatively low human tau and amyloid fibril expression levels and a somewhat unstable brain pathology which questions the utility of this animal model for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joerg Neddens
- Neuropharmacology, QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Kuntner
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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96
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Perdoncin M, Konrad A, Wyner JR, Lohana S, Pillai SS, Pereira DG, Lakhani HV, Sodhi K. A Review of miRNAs as Biomarkers and Effect of Dietary Modulation in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:756499. [PMID: 34690698 PMCID: PMC8529023 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.756499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the crosstalk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS), through cellular mediators and signaling pathways, may causally link obesity with cognitive decline and give rise to neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been proposed in obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, which may result in neuroinflammation, altered brain insulin signaling, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neuronal cell death. Since obesity is associated with functional and morphological alterations in the adipose tissues, the resulting peripheral immune response augments the development and progression of cognitive decline and increases susceptibility of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Studies have also elucidated an important role of high fat diet in the exacerbation of these clinical conditions. However, the underlying factors that propel and sustain this obesity associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, remains highly elusive. Moreover, the mechanisms linking these phenomena are not well-understood. The cumulative line of evidence have demonstrated an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and transcriptional changes, as biomarkers of pathophysiological conditions. Despite the lack of utility in current clinical practices, miRNAs have been shown to be highly specific and sensitive to the clinical condition being studied. Based on these observations, this review aims to assess the role of several miRNAs and aim to elucidate underlying mechanisms that link obesity with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, this review will also provide evidence for the effect of dietary modulation which can potentially ameliorate cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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97
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Hampel H, Hardy J, Blennow K, Chen C, Perry G, Kim SH, Villemagne VL, Aisen P, Vendruscolo M, Iwatsubo T, Masters CL, Cho M, Lannfelt L, Cummings JL, Vergallo A. The Amyloid-β Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5481-5503. [PMID: 34456336 PMCID: PMC8758495 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in molecular medicine have positioned the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway at the center of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. While the detailed molecular mechanisms of the pathway and the spatial-temporal dynamics leading to synaptic failure, neurodegeneration, and clinical onset are still under intense investigation, the established biochemical alterations of the Aβ cycle remain the core biological hallmark of AD and are promising targets for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here, we systematically review and update the vast state-of-the-art literature of Aβ science with evidence from basic research studies to human genetic and multi-modal biomarker investigations, which supports a crucial role of Aβ pathway dyshomeostasis in AD pathophysiological dynamics. We discuss the evidence highlighting a differentiated interaction of distinct Aβ species with other AD-related biological mechanisms, such as tau-mediated, neuroimmune and inflammatory changes, as well as a neurochemical imbalance. Through the lens of the latest development of multimodal in vivo biomarkers of AD, this cross-disciplinary review examines the compelling hypothesis- and data-driven rationale for Aβ-targeting therapeutic strategies in development for the early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Aisen
- USC Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Colin L Masters
- Laureate Professor of Dementia Research, Florey Institute and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Cho
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Uppsala University, Department of of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
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98
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Morales R, Bravo-Alegria J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Duran-Aniotz C, Gamez N, Edwards Iii G, Soto C. Transmission of cerebral amyloid pathology by peripheral administration of misfolded Aβ aggregates. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5690-5701. [PMID: 34002023 PMCID: PMC8595465 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports showed that brain Aβ amyloidosis can be induced in animal models by exogenous administration of pre-formed aggregates. To date, only intra-peritoneal and intra-venous administrations are described as effective means to peripherally accelerate brain Aβ amyloidosis by seeding. Here, we show that cerebral accumulation of Aβ can be accelerated after exposing mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to Aβ seeds by different peripheral routes of administration, including intra-peritoneal and intra-muscular. Interestingly, animals receiving drops of brain homogenate laden with Aβ seeds in the eyes were efficiently induced. On the contrary, oral administration of large quantities of brain extracts from aged transgenic mice and AD patients did not have any effect in brain pathology. Importantly, pathological induction by peripheral administration of Aβ seeds generated a large proportion of aggregates in blood vessels, suggesting vascular transport. This information highlights the role of peripheral tissues and body fluids in AD-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Morales
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Centro integrativo de biología y química aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Bravo-Alegria
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Centro integrativo de biología y química aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica-IBIMA, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica-IBIMA, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - George Edwards Iii
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile.
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99
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Kuo CC, Chiang AWT, Baghdassarian HM, Lewis NE. Dysregulation of the secretory pathway connects Alzheimer's disease genetics to aggregate formation. Cell Syst 2021; 12:873-884.e4. [PMID: 34171228 PMCID: PMC8505362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve the aggregation of secreted proteins. However, it is largely unclear how secretory-pathway proteins contribute to amyloid formation. We developed a systems biology framework integrating expression data with protein-protein interaction networks to estimate a tissue's fitness for producing specific secreted proteins and analyzed the fitness of the secretory pathway of various brain regions and cell types for synthesizing the AD-associated amyloid precursor protein (APP). While key amyloidogenic pathway components were not differentially expressed in AD brains, we found Aβ deposition correlates with systemic down- and upregulation of the secretory-pathway components proximal to APP and amyloidogenic secretases, respectively, in AD. Our analyses suggest that perturbations from three AD risk loci cascade through the APP secretory-support network and into the endocytosis pathway, connecting amyloidogenesis to dysregulation of secretory-pathway components supporting APP and suggesting novel therapeutic targets for AD. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Austin W T Chiang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hratch M Baghdassarian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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100
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Spreading of Alzheimer tau seeds is enhanced by aging and template matching with limited impact of amyloid-β. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101159. [PMID: 34480901 PMCID: PMC8477193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), deposition of pathological tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) drive synaptic loss and cognitive decline. The injection of misfolded tau aggregates extracted from human AD brains drives templated spreading of tau pathology within WT mouse brain. Here, we assessed the impact of Aβ copathology, of deleting loci known to modify AD risk (Ptk2b, Grn, and Tmem106b) and of pharmacological intervention with an Fyn kinase inhibitor on tau spreading after injection of AD tau extracts. The density and spreading of tau inclusions triggered by human tau seed were unaltered in the hippocampus and cortex of APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 transgenic and AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice. In mice with human tau sequence replacing mouse tau, template matching enhanced neuritic tau burden. Human AD brain tau-enriched preparations contained aggregated Aβ, and the Aβ coinjection caused a redistribution of Aβ aggregates in mutant AD model mice. The injection-induced Aβ phenotype was spatially distinct from tau accumulation and could be ameliorated by depleting Aβ from tau extracts. These data suggest that Aβ and tau pathologies propagate by largely independent mechanisms after their initial formation. Altering the activity of the Fyn and Pyk2 (Ptk2b) kinases involved in Aβ-oligomer–induced signaling, or deleting expression of the progranulin and TMEM106B lysosomal proteins, did not alter the somatic tau inclusion burden or spreading. However, mouse aging had a prominent effect to increase the accumulation of neuritic tau after injection of human AD tau seeds into WT mice. These studies refine our knowledge of factors capable of modulating tau spreading.
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