51
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Rissman AR, Kazer A, DeMets C, Martell E. Sustaining land and people over time: Relationships with successor landowners on conservation easements. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adena R. Rissman
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Alex Kazer
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Catie DeMets
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Emilee Martell
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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52
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Devlin AL, Frair JL, Crawshaw PG, Hunter LTB, Tortato FR, Hoogesteijn R, Robinson N, Robinson HS, Quigley HB. Drivers of large carnivore density in non‐hunted, multi‐use landscapes. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Devlin
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry New York New York USA
- Panthera New York New York USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jacqueline L. Frair
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry New York New York USA
| | - Peter G. Crawshaw
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros/Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Atibaia Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nathaniel Robinson
- Panthera New York New York USA
- The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Hugh S. Robinson
- Panthera New York New York USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
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53
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Ran P, Hu S, Frazier AE, Yang S, Song X, Qu S. The dynamic relationships between landscape structure and ecosystem services: An empirical analysis from the Wuhan metropolitan area, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116575. [PMID: 36308968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental managers have been striving to optimize landscape structure to achieve a sustained supply of ecosystem services (ESs). However, we still lack a full understanding of the relationships between landscape structure and ESs due to the absence of thorough investigations on the variability of these relationships in space and time. To fill this critical gap, we assessed landscape structure alongside four important ESs (agricultural production (AP), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), and water retention (WR)) in the Wuhan metropolitan area (WMA), and then analyzed the spatiotemporal impacts of landscape structure on ESs from 2000 to 2020 using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression. The results show only AP maintained a stable growth trend over the past two decades, while the other ESs fluctuated considerably with a noticeable decline in SC and WR. The importance of landscape structure in influencing ESs varies by time and place, depending on the local landscape composition and configuration. In general, landscape composition has a stronger and less temporally stable impact on ESs compared to configuration. Furthermore, increases in landscape diversity, as measured through Shannon's diversity index, and the percentage of woodlands were found to contribute to the simultaneous benefits of multiple ESs, but in most cases the effects of landscape structure on different ESs were different or even opposite, suggesting that trade-offs are critical in landscape management. The findings highlight the complex response of ESs to dramatically changing landscapes in the WMA and can guide decision-makers in precise spatial arrangement and temporal adjustments to improve current landscape management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglai Ran
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Shougeng Hu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Amy E Frazier
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Shengfu Yang
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Shijin Qu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
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54
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Massenberg JR, Schiller J, Schröter‐Schlaack C. Towards a holistic approach to rewilding in cultural landscapes. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian R. Massenberg
- Department Economics Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Schiller
- Department Economics Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
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Roberts CP, Naugle DE, Allred BW, Donovan VM, Fogarty DT, Jones MO, Maestas JD, Olsen AC, Twidwell D. Next-generation technologies unlock new possibilities to track rangeland productivity and quantify multi-scale conservation outcomes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116359. [PMID: 36206652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Historically, relying on plot-level inventories impeded our ability to quantify large-scale change in plant biomass, a key indicator of conservation practice outcomes in rangeland systems. Recent technological advances enable assessment at scales appropriate to inform management by providing spatially comprehensive estimates of productivity that are partitioned by plant functional group across all contiguous US rangelands. We partnered with the Sage Grouse and Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiatives and the Nebraska Natural Legacy Project to demonstrate the ability of these new datasets to quantify multi-scale changes and heterogeneity in plant biomass following mechanical tree removal, prescribed fire, and prescribed grazing. In Oregon's sagebrush steppe, for example, juniper tree removal resulted in a 21% increase in one pasture's productivity and an 18% decline in another. In Nebraska's Loess Canyons, perennial grass productivity initially declined 80% at sites invaded by trees that were prescriptively burned, but then fully recovered post-fire, representing a 492% increase from nadir. In Kansas' Shortgrass Prairie, plant biomass increased 4-fold (966,809 kg/ha) in pastures that were prescriptively grazed, with gains highly dependent upon precipitation as evidenced by sensitivity of remotely sensed estimates (SD ± 951,308 kg/ha). Our results emphasize that next-generation remote sensing datasets empower land managers to move beyond simplistic control versus treatment study designs to explore nuances in plant biomass in unprecedented ways. The products of new remote sensing technologies also accelerate adaptive management and help communicate wildlife and livestock forage benefits from management to diverse stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb P Roberts
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arkansas Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, SCEN 522, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - David E Naugle
- WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, USA
| | - Brady W Allred
- WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, USA
| | | | - Dillon T Fogarty
- Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Matthew O Jones
- WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, USA
| | | | | | - Dirac Twidwell
- Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
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56
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Hou S, Yang R, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Peng Q, Wang H, Si Y. A framework for identifying bird conservation priority areas in croplands at national level. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116330. [PMID: 36208513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework requires each country to fulfill the conservation targets in biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning. Croplands provide habitat and food for many species, making them crucial for biodiversity conservation in addition to food production. Assessing conservation priorities in cropland is a prerequisite to allocate conservation resources and plan actions for better conservation outcomes. Yet quantitative methods to assess cropland conservation priority for biodiversity conservation at a national scale are still lacking. We proposed a framework for identifying the conservation priority in cropland for bird species at a national scale and applied the framework in China. We calculated the suitable habitat for each species and used a complementarity-based approach to designate the irreplaceable conservation priority areas considering richness, threatened level, and conservation percentage targets. We identified cropland taking up 6.76% of China's land area as a bird conservation priority, partially covering the suitable habitat of all the study species. By analyzing the landscape pattern of the priority areas and species' foraging traits, we provided policy-making suggestions according to area-specific characteristics. This framework can be used to identify priority areas for large-scale biodiversity conservation for different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Hou
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qinyi Peng
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yali Si
- Institute of Environmental Sciences CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2333CC; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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57
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Qu Y, Wu N, Guse B, Fohrer N. Distinct indicators of land use and hydrology characterize different aspects of riverine phytoplankton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158209. [PMID: 36049691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the many threats to freshwater biodiversity, we need to be able to resolve which of the multiple stressors present in rivers are most important in driving change. Phytoplankton are a key component of the aquatic ecosystem, their abundance, species richness and functional richness are important indicators of ecosystem health. In this study, spatial variables, physiochemical conditions, water flow alterations and land use patterns were considered as the joint stressors from a lowland rural catchment. A modeling approach combining an ecohydrological model with machine learning was applied. The results implied that land use and flow regime, rather than nutrients, were most important in explaining differences in the phytoplankton community. In particular, the percentage of water body area and medium level residential urban area were key to driving the rising phytoplankton abundance in this rural catchment. The proportion of forest and pasture area were the leading factors controlling the variations of species richness. In this case deciduous forest cover affected the species richness in a positive way, while, pasture share had a negative effect. Indicators of hydrological alteration were found to be the best predictors for the differences in functional richness. This integrated model framework was found to be suitable for analysis of complex environmental conditions in river basin management. A key message would be the significance of forest area preservation and ecohydrological restoration in maintaining both phytoplankton richness and their functional role in river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Qu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Björn Guse
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Section Hydrology, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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58
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Fencing Can Alter Gene Flow of Asian Elephant Populations within Protected Areas. CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation2040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian elephant is mostly confined to mountainous ranges and therefore risks population fragmentation if hard protected area (PA) boundaries near steep slopes prevent movement. We tested whether elephant gene flow is (i) controlled by slope and (ii) affected by the interplay between barriers and slope. We used 176 unique genotypes obtained non-invasively from fresh elephant dung to assess individual-by-individual genetic distance across the Western Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot. To assess landscape distance, 36 resistance models were produced by transforming a slope raster. Core areas and corridors were calculated from the raster that provided the best correlation between the genetic and distance matrices. The influence of the closure of PAs on gene flow was examined for one region, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The best resistance raster obtained by transforming the slope occupancy model was better than Euclidean distance for explaining genetic distance, indicating that slope partially controls gene flow. Fencing elephant PAs on hilly terrain reduces core areas and disrupts corridors. Consequently, hard PA boundaries abutting slopes can fragment elephant populations, but this can be ameliorated by protecting the adjacent flatter terrain.
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59
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Wepking C, Mackin HC, Raff Z, Shrestha D, Orfanou A, Booth EG, Kucharik CJ, Gratton C, Jackson RD. Perennial grassland agriculture restores critical ecosystem functions in the U.S. Upper Midwest. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant forms of agricultural production in the U.S. Upper Midwest are undermining human health and well being. Restoring critical ecosystem functions to agriculture is key to stabilizing climate, reducing flooding, cleaning water, and enhancing biodiversity. We used simulation models to compare ecosystem functions (food-energy production, nutrient retention, and water infiltration) provided by vegetation associated with continuous corn, corn-soybean rotation, and perennial grassland producing feed for dairy livestock. Compared to continuous corn, most ecosystem functions dramatically improved in the perennial grassland system (nitrate leaching reduced ~90%, phosphorus loss reduced ~88%, drainage increased ~25%, evapotranspiration reduced ~29%), which will translate to improved ecosystem services. Our results emphasize the need to incentivize multiple ecosystem services when managing agricultural landscapes.
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60
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Bollmann-Giolai A, Malone JG, Arora S. Diversity, detection and exploitation: linking soil fungi and plant disease. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102199. [PMID: 36108394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated fungi are incredibly diverse, comprising over a million species of mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprophytes and pathogens worldwide. This diverse fungal community is highly important for plant health. Many fungi are effective biocontrol agents that can kill or suppress fungal pathogens, with pathogen biocontrol found for both individual microorganisms and plant-associated fungal consortia. Meanwhile, increased plant community diversity aboveground corresponds to an increase in below-ground fungal community diversity, which contributes in turn to improved rhizosphere soil health and pathogen suppression. In this review, we discuss the role of fungal diversity in soil health and plant disease suppression and the various mechanisms by which mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi combat plant pathogenic fungi. We also discuss the array of diagnostic tools, both well-established and newly developed, which are revolutionising fungal pathogen detection and rhizosphere community analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bollmann-Giolai
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob G Malone
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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61
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lu Y, Zuo L. Editorial: Biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services: Interrelationship with environmental and human health. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1086408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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62
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Henderson T, Fancourt BA, Rajaratnam R, Vernes K, Ballard G. Habitat use by the endangered spotted-tailed quoll in a fragmented landscape. MAMMAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is an endangered mesopredator endemic to Australia. It is generally considered a forest-dependent species associated with large, intact forested habitats. In Australia’s mainland, quoll research has typically been conducted in contiguous forest, and consequently, the species’ presumed forest-dependency might reflect sampling bias rather than preferred habitat niche. Recent studies have revealed that quolls also persist in fragmented agricultural landscapes, raising questions about their true habitat requirements and preferences. In this study, we investigated quoll habitat use within a fragmented agricultural landscape in mainland Australia. We deployed 42 lured camera traps to determine quoll habitat preferences across four broad vegetation types (open grassland, grassy woodland, dry sclerophyll forest, and wet sclerophyll forest) based on quoll activity and occupancy. Quolls were detected in all vegetation types, and quoll activity indicated a preference for dry sclerophyll forest and grassy woodlands, although this preference varied depending on the time of year. Our results suggest that quoll habitat use in mainland Australia is more flexible than previously assumed, and we recommend further research on factors that may influence habitat preference such as prey availability and seasonal behavior. Understanding the factors that drive habitat use by quolls outside of contiguous forested landscapes will inform and improve conservation and management strategies to ensure critical habitat for the species is protected and retained in an increasingly fragmented landscape.
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63
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McKay TL, Finnegan LA. Predator–prey co‐occurrence in harvest blocks: Implications for caribou and forestry. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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64
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Ngo Bieng MA, Delgado-Rodríguez D, Vilchez-Mendoza S, López-Sampson A, García E, Sepúlveda N, Somarriba E. Tree diversity in a tropical agricultural-forest mosaic landscape in Honduras. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18544. [PMID: 36329120 PMCID: PMC9633691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity decline in the tropics requires the implementation of comprehensive landscape management where agricultural systems are necessarily an integral element of biodiversity conservation. This study evaluates the potential for taxonomic biodiversity conservation within an intensive livestock-agricultural-forest mosaic landscape in Catacamas, Honduras. Tree sampling was performed in 448 plots set up within different forest and agricultural land uses: secondary forests, agroforestry coffee plantations, agriculture, pastures, live fences and riparian forest. All trees with a minimum diameter at breast height of 10 cm were identified and measured. We characterized their tree structure and diversity, and compared tree diversity between the different uses. The results indicate a high degree of tree species diversity: 375 species identified, belonging to 74 families among the 15,096 trees inventoried across 84.2 hectares, including many rare species (40% of the species registered three individuals or fewer). Biodiversity indices for agroforestry coffee were found equivalent to those for natural secondary forests in the Catacamas landscape. Combining biodiversity conservation and agricultural production is possible in human-pressured tropical landscapes through tree cover maintenance. Enrichment practices combining local producers and technical knowledge may improve tree diversity in agricultural landscapes by prioritizing a mix of forest and introduced tree species (rare and with multiple uses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ange Ngo Bieng
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
- CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, UR Forêts & Sociétés, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Diego Delgado-Rodríguez
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Sergio Vilchez-Mendoza
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Arlene López-Sampson
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Edwin García
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Norvin Sepúlveda
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Somarriba
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
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65
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Bianchi FJ. From pattern to process: Towards mechanistic design principles for pest suppressive landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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66
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Husmann K, von Groß V, Bödeker K, Fuchs JM, Paul C, Knoke T.
optimLanduse
: A package for multiobjective land‐cover composition optimization under uncertainty. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Husmann
- Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land‐use Planning Georg‐August‐University Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Volker von Groß
- Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land‐use Planning Georg‐August‐University Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Kai Bödeker
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Jasper M. Fuchs
- Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land‐use Planning Georg‐August‐University Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Carola Paul
- Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land‐use Planning Georg‐August‐University Goettingen Goettingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Georg‐August‐University‐Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Thomas Knoke
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
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67
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Morford SL, Allred BW, Twidwell D, Jones MO, Maestas JD, Roberts CP, Naugle DE. Herbaceous production lost to tree encroachment in United States rangelands. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Morford
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Brady W. Allred
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- University of Montana, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | - Dirac Twidwell
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Matthew O. Jones
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- Regrow Agriculture Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Jeremy D. Maestas
- US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Portland Oregon USA
| | - Caleb P. Roberts
- US Geological Survey, Arkansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - David E. Naugle
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- University of Montana, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana USA
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68
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Spangler K, Burchfield EK, Radel C, Jackson-Smith D, Johnson R. Crop diversification in Idaho's Magic Valley: the present and the imaginary. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022; 42:99. [PMID: 36254246 PMCID: PMC9557999 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-022-00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The simplification of agricultural landscapes, particularly in the United States (US), has contributed to alarming rates of environmental degradation. As such, increasing agrobiodiversity throughout the US agri-food system is a crucial goal toward mitigating these harmful impacts, and crop diversification is one short-term mechanism to begin this process. However, despite mounting evidence of its benefits, crop diversification strategies have yet to be widely adopted in the US. Thus, we explore barriers and bridges to crop diversification for current farmers, focused on the Magic Valley of southern Idaho-a region with higher crop diversity relative to the US norm. We address two main research questions: (1) how and why do farmers in this region enact temporal and/or spatial strategies to manage crop diversity (the present) and (2) what are the barriers and bridges to alternative diversification strategies (the imaginary)? Through a political agroecology and spatial imaginaries lens, we conducted and analyzed 15 farmer and 14 key informant interviews between 2019 and 2021 to gauge what farmers are doing to manage crop diversity (the present) and how they imagine alternative landscapes (the imaginary). We show that farmers in this region have established a regionally diversified landscape by relying primarily on temporal diversification strategies-crop rotations and cover cropping-but do not necessarily pair these with other spatial diversification strategies that align with an agroecological approach. Furthermore, experimenting with and imagining new landscapes is possible (and we found evidence of such), but daily challenges and structural constraints make these processes not only difficult but unlikely and even "dangerous" to dream of. Therein, we demonstrate the importance of centering who is farming and why they make certain decisions as much as how they farm to support agroecological transformation and reckoning with past and present land use paradigms to re-imagine what is possible. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-022-00833-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Spangler
- Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | | | - Claudia Radel
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA
| | - Douglas Jackson-Smith
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | - River Johnson
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA
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69
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Ayambire RA, Pittman J. Opening the black box between governance and management: A mechanism-based explanation of how governance affects the management of endangered species. AMBIO 2022; 51:2091-2106. [PMID: 35352305 PMCID: PMC9378803 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Good governance is needed to foster good management of the environment. Yet, the link between environmental governance and environmental management has received very little research attention. This paper adopts a mechanism-based framework to unpack the link between the governance and management of species at risk or endangered species in a working landscape. Using species at risk management in the South of the Divide region of southwestern Saskatchewan as a case study, we identified four governance conditions connected by five mechanisms to produce management outcomes. The governance conditions include facilitative leadership, local autonomy, trust, and incentives. The five mechanisms include institutional disruption, institutional crafting and drift, brokerage or bridging, program uptake, and alleviation of fear of harm. We discuss how using a mechanism-based approach could help us better understand the processes within the governance system that trigger particular management outcomes. For example, in this case study, dissatisfied factors disrupt the existing governance arrangements and create new ones that reflect their desire for local autonomy. Local autonomy, in turn, creates an atmosphere for local actors to form coalitions and build trust; trust enhances program uptake and the co-design and co-implementation of incentives, which then alleviates land managers' fear of harm from participating in species at risk management. Our study also suggests that top-down institutions that create room for further institutional work can become acceptable at the local level and enhance endangered species management. We conclude that a mechanism-based explanation can be useful for opening the black box connecting environmental governance and management and offering valuable recommendations to guide policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Anammasiya Ayambire
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jeremy Pittman
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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70
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Morris JR, Perfecto I. An aggressive nonconsumptive effect mediates pest control and multipredator interactions in a coffee agroecosystem. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2653. [PMID: 35543106 PMCID: PMC9788006 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural pest control is an alternative to pesticide use in agriculture, and may help to curb insect declines and promote crop production. Nonconsumptive interactions in natural pest control that historically have received far less attention than consumptive interactions, may have distinct impacts on pest damage suppression and may also mediate positive multipredator interactions. Additionally, when nonconsumptive effects are driven by natural enemy aggression, variation in alternative resources for enemies may impact the strength of pest control. Here we study control of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, by a keystone arboreal ant species, Azteca sericeasur, which exhibits a nonconsumptive effect on CBB by throwing them off coffee plants. We conducted two experiments to investigate: (1) if the strength of this behavior is driven by spatial or temporal variability in scale insect density (an alternative resource that Azteca tends for honeydew), (2) if this behavior mediates positive interactions between Azteca and other ground-foraging ants, and (3) the effect this behavior has on the overall suppression of CBB damage in multipredator scenarios. Our behavioral experiment showed that nearly all interactions between Azteca and CBB are nonconsumptive and that this behavior occurs more frequently in the dry season and with higher densities of scale insects on coffee branches. Our multipredator experiment revealed that borers thrown off coffee plants by Azteca can survive and potentially damage other nearby plants but may be suppressed by ground-foraging ants. Although we found no non-additive effects between Azteca and ground-foraging ants on overall CBB damage, together, both species resulted in the lowest level of plant damage with the subsequent reduction in "spillover" damage caused by thrown CBB, indicating spatial complementarity between predators. These results present a unique case of natural pest control, in which damage suppression is driven almost exclusively by nonconsumptive natural enemy aggression, as opposed to consumption or prey behavioral changes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the variability that may occur in nonconsumptive pest control interactions when natural enemy aggressive behavior is impacted by alternative resources, and also show how these nonconsumptive effects can mediate positive interactions between natural enemies to enhance overall crop damage reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Morris
- School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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71
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Buckley BR, Lituma CM, Keyser PD, Holcomb ED, Smith R, Morgan JJ, Applegate RD. Effects of grazing strategy on facultative grassland bird nesting on native grassland pastures of the Mid-South USA. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13968. [PMID: 36193433 PMCID: PMC9526412 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how livestock grazing strategies of native warm season grasses (NWSG) can impact facultative grassland bird nesting can provide insight for conservation efforts. We compared pre and post treatment effects of rotational grazing (ROT) and patch-burn grazing (PBG) for facultative grassland bird species nest success and nest-site selection on NWSG pastures at three Mid-South research sites. We established 14, 9.7 ha NWSG pastures and randomly assigned each to either ROT or PBG and monitored avian nest-site selection and nest success, 2014-2016. We collected nesting and vegetation data in 2014, before treatment implementation, as an experimental pre-treatment. We implemented treatments across all research sites in spring 2015. We used a step-wise model selection framework to estimate treatment effect for ROT or PBG on avian nest daily survival rate (DSR) and resource selection function (RSF) at the temporal scale and within-field variables. Daily survival rates were 0.93% (SE = 0.006) for field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), 0.96% (SE = 0.008) for red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and 0.92% (SE = 0.01) for indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea). Model support for PBG treatment and vegetation height were indicated as negative and positive influences for field sparrow DSR, respectively. Red-winged blackbirds' DSR were negatively influenced by ROT while vegetation height positively affected DSR, and DSR for indigo bunting did not differ among treatments. Combined RSF models indicated nest-site selection for all species was positively related to vegetation height and only weakly associated with other within-field variables. We provide evidence that ROT and/or PBG effects vary by species for DSR for these three facultative grassland birds, and vegetation characteristics affected their nest-site selection in the Mid-South USA. A lack of disturbance in Mid-South grasslands can lead to higher successional stages (i.e., mix shrub-grassland), but some combination of ROT, PBG, and unburned/ungrazed areas can provide adequate nesting habitat on small pasture lands (∼1.8 -7.8 ha) for various facultative grassland birds and potentially offer the opportunity to simultaneously maintain livestock production and grassland bird nesting habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron R. Buckley
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America,Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Lituma
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Keyser
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | | | - Ray Smith
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - John J. Morgan
- National Bobwhite Conservation Initiative, Lawrenceburg, KY, United States of America
| | - Roger D. Applegate
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America,Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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72
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Abstract
Increasing diversity on farms can enhance many key ecosystem services to and from agriculture, and natural control of arthropod pests is often presumed to be among them. The expectation that increasing the size of monocultural crop plantings exacerbates the impact of pests is common throughout the agroecological literature. However, the theoretical basis for this expectation is uncertain; mechanistic mathematical models suggest instead that increasing field size can have positive, negative, neutral, or even nonlinear effects on arthropod pest densities. Here, we report a broad survey of crop field-size effects: across 14 pest species, 5 crops, and 20,000 field years of observations, we quantify the impact of field size on pest densities, pesticide applications, and crop yield. We find no evidence that larger fields cause consistently worse pest impacts. The most common outcome (9 of 14 species) was for pest severity to be independent of field size; larger fields resulted in less severe pest problems for four species, and only one species exhibited the expected trend of larger fields worsening pest severity. Importantly, pest responses to field size strongly correlated with their responses to the fraction of the surrounding landscape planted to the focal crop, suggesting that shared ecological processes produce parallel responses to crop simplification across spatial scales. We conclude that the idea that larger field sizes consistently disrupt natural pest control services is without foundation in either the theoretical or empirical record.
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73
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Alden Hull R, Barmuta LA, Pinkard E, Jones ME, Adams VM, Lin C, Horner CA. Unlocking environmental accounting for healthy future landscapes. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Alden Hull
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Leon A. Barmuta
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | | | - Menna E. Jones
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Adams
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Chia‐Chin Lin
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Claire A. Horner
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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74
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Bennett NJ, Dodge M, Akre TS, Canty SWJ, Chiaravalloti R, Dayer AA, Deichmann JL, Gill D, McField M, McNamara J, Murphy SE, Nowakowski AJ, Songer M. Social science for conservation in working landscapes and seascapes. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.954930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is in precipitous decline globally across both terrestrial and marine environments. Therefore, conservation actions are needed everywhere on Earth, including in the biodiversity rich landscapes and seascapes where people live and work that cover much of the planet. Integrative landscape and seascape approaches to conservation fill this niche. Making evidence-informed conservation decisions within these populated and working landscapes and seascapes requires an in-depth and nuanced understanding of the human dimensions through application of the conservation social sciences. Yet, there has been no comprehensive exploration of potential conservation social science contributions to working landscape and seascape initiatives. We use the Smithsonian Working Land and Seascapes initiative – an established program with a network of 14 sites around the world – as a case study to examine what human dimensions topics are key to improving our understanding and how this knowledge can inform conservation in working landscapes and seascapes. This exploratory study identifies 38 topics and linked questions related to how insights from place-based and problem-focused social science might inform the planning, doing, and learning phases of conservation decision-making and adaptive management. Results also show how conservation social science might yield synthetic and theoretical insights that are more broadly applicable. We contend that incorporating insights regarding the human dimensions into integrated conservation initiatives across working landscapes and seascapes will produce more effective, equitable, appropriate and robust conservation actions. Thus, we encourage governments and organizations working on conservation initiatives in working landscapes and seascapes to increase engagement with and funding of conservation social science.
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75
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Carmenta R, Steward A, Albuquerque A, Carneiro R, Vira B, Estrada Carmona N. The comparative performance of land sharing, land sparing type interventions on place‐based human well‐being. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carmenta
- School of International Development and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Angela Steward
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Adrielly Albuquerque
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Renan Carneiro
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Bhaskar Vira
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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76
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Hall MA, Nimmo DG, Bennett AF. Birds and insects respond differently to combinations of semi‐natural features in farm landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Hall
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Dale G. Nimmo
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Science, Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | - Andrew F. Bennett
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University Victoria Australia
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77
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Measuring the conservation attitudes of local farmers towards conservation easements in the Qianjiangyuan National Park. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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78
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Olimpi EM, Daly H, Garcia K, Glynn VM, Gonthier DJ, Kremen C, M'Gonigle LK, Karp DS. Interactive effects of multiscale diversification practices on farmland bird stress. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13902. [PMID: 35212020 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Farmland diversification practices (i.e., methods used to produce food sustainably by enhancing biodiversity in cropping systems) are sometimes considered beneficial to both agriculture and biodiversity, but most studies of these practices rely on species richness, diversity, or abundance as a proxy for habitat quality. Biodiversity assessments may miss early clues that populations are imperiled when species presence does not imply persistence. Physiological stress indicators may help identify low-quality habitats before population declines occur. We explored how avian stress indicators respond to on-farm management practices and surrounding seminatural area (1-km radius) across 21 California strawberry farms. We examined whether commonly used biodiversity metrics correlate with stress responses in wild birds. We used ∼1000 blood and feather samples and body mass and wing chord measurements, mostly from passerines, to test the effects of diversification practices on four physiological stress indicators: heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H:L), body condition, hematocrit values, and feather growth rates of individual birds. We then tested the relationship between physiological stress indicators and species richness, abundance, occurrence, and diversity derived from 285 bird point count surveys. After accounting for other biological drivers, landscape context mediated the effect of local farm management on H:L and body condition. Local diversification practices were associated with reduced individual stress in intensive agricultural landscapes but increased it in landscapes surrounded by relatively more seminatural area. Feathers grew more slowly in landscapes dominated by strawberry production, suggesting that nutritional condition was lower here than in landscapes with more crop types and seminatural areas. We found scant evidence that species richness, abundance, occurrence, or diversity metrics were correlated with the individual's physiological stress, suggesting that reliance on these metrics may obscure the impacts of management on species persistence. Our findings underscore the importance of considering landscape context when designing local management strategies to promote wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M Olimpi
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hallie Daly
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karina Garcia
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Victoria M Glynn
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David J Gonthier
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel S Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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79
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Chen S, Wu C, Lin D, Chen T, Trac LVT. An empirical and expert‐knowledge hybrid approach to implement farmland habitat assessment for birds. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Szu‐Hung Chen
- International Master Program of Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Fa Wu
- Department of Horticulture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Da‐Li Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan Nantou County Taiwan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Tien‐Shui Chen
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan Nantou County Taiwan
| | - Luu Van Thong Trac
- Department of Horticulture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
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80
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Liebert J, Benner R, Bezner Kerr R, Björkman T, De Master KT, Gennet S, Gómez MI, Hart AK, Kremen C, Power AG, Ryan MR. Farm size affects the use of agroecological practices on organic farms in the United States. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:897-905. [PMID: 35864172 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic agriculture outperforms conventional agriculture across several sustainability metrics due, in part, to more widespread use of agroecological practices. However, increased entry of large-scale farms into the organic sector has prompted concerns about 'conventionalization' through input substitution, agroecosystem simplification and other changes. We examined this shift in organic agriculture by estimating the use of agroecological practices across farm size and comparing indicators of conventionalization. Results from our national survey of 542 organic fruit and vegetable farmers show that fewer agroecological practices were used on large farms, which also exhibited the greatest degree of conventionalization. Intercropping, insectary plantings and border plantings were at least 1.4 times more likely to be used on small (0.4-39 cropland ha) compared with large (≥405 cropland ha) farms, whereas reduced tillage was less likely and riparian buffers were more likely on small compared with medium (40-404 cropland ha) farms. Because decisions about management practices can drive environmental sustainability outcomes, policy should support small and medium farms that already use agroecological practices while encouraging increased use of agroecological practices on larger farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Liebert
- Soil & Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas Björkman
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Agritech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Teigen De Master
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Miguel I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Claire Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison G Power
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Ryan
- Soil & Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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81
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Wurz A, Tscharntke T, Martin DA, Osen K, Rakotomalala AANA, Raveloaritiana E, Andrianisaina F, Dröge S, Fulgence TR, Soazafy MR, Andriafanomezantsoa R, Andrianarimisa A, Babarezoto FS, Barkmann J, Hänke H, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Rakouth B, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Ranarijaona HLT, Randriamanantena R, Ratsoavina FM, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo LH, Grass I. Win-win opportunities combining high yields with high multi-taxa biodiversity in tropical agroforestry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4127. [PMID: 35882849 PMCID: PMC9325886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the biodiversity crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on the relation between seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants) and yields in vanilla agroforests in Madagascar. Agroforests established in forests supported overall 23% fewer species and 47% fewer endemic species than old-growth forests, and 14% fewer endemic species than forest fragments. In contrast, agroforests established on fallows had overall 12% more species and 38% more endemic species than fallows. While yields increased with vanilla vine density and length, non-yield related variables largely determined biodiversity. Nonetheless, trade-offs existed between yields and butterflies as well as reptiles. Vanilla yields were generally unrelated to richness of trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and ants, opening up possibilities for conservation outside of protected areas and restoring degraded land to benefit farmers and biodiversity alike. Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs is a challenge in agriculture. Here, Wurz et al. find that in Malagasy vanilla agroforests, vanilla yield is generally not related to tree, herbaceous plant, bird, amphibian, reptile and ant biodiversity, creating opportunities for conservation outside protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wurz
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominic Andreas Martin
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Osen
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anjaharinony A N A Rakotomalala
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Entomology Department Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, PO Box 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Raveloaritiana
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Fanilo Andrianisaina
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Agronomic Science,University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Saskia Dröge
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thio Rosin Fulgence
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | - Marie Rolande Soazafy
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar.,Doctoral School of Natural Ecosystems (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rouvah Andriafanomezantsoa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Aristide Andrianarimisa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jan Barkmann
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hänke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Romual Randriamanantena
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhang X, Lu ZX, Zhang NN, Chen YQ. Data of ant community compositions and functional traits responding to land-use change at the local scale. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e85119. [PMID: 36761575 PMCID: PMC9848497 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e85119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Off-reserve conservation is a major contributor to China biodiversity conservation efforts, biodiversity conservation being achieved within afforestation and low-intensity agriculture in fragmented landscapes. Functional trait is more strongly related to ecological processes than taxonomic diversity and reflects ecosystem functioning and species responses to environmental changes. In this study, we selected five habitats that differ in degree of disturbance to explore the effects of land use on ant community compositions, traits distributions and functional diversity change. We assessed how habitat disturbance affects the ant community compositions and traits distributions and asked if ant functional diversity respond to disturbance at the local scale? Location: Lüchun County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. Methods: Pitfall traps were used to survey ant communities. Additionally, we measured four ant morphological traits (eyes diameter, distance between eyes, femur length of the hind-leg and Weber's length) to assess the functional traits distributions and functional diversity. Shade plot of ant relative abundance was used to explore species distribution amongst different habitats. Kernel density plot was used to explore ant traits distribution patterns amongst different habitats. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination, based on ant Weber's length, was used to explore the ant traits compositions amongst different habitats. The fourth corner model was used to evaluate the association between ant traits and environmental variables. The FRic, RaoQ and FEve indices were selected as three complementary measures of the multivariate functional traits space and functional redundancy of different habitats. Results: We collected 14258 ants, representing 89 species, 40 genera and seven subfamilies. Aphaenogasterschurri and Tetramoriumciliatum were the common species of secondary forest; P.sagei, P.pieli, Cardiocondylawroughtonii, Recurvidrisnuwa, Tapinnomamelanocephalum, Monomoriumpharaonis and M.orientale were the common species in plantations; and Iridomyrmexanceps and Cardiocondylanuda were the common species in managed farms. Ants had medium eye diameters, narrow distances between eyes, medium leg lengths and smaller body sizes in greatly-disturbed habitats; and ants had an increasing eye diameter and narrowing of the space between eyes, while the leg length and Weber's length became shorter in moderately-disturbed habitats. Ant trait composition, based on Weber's length, showed significantly differences amongst five habitats. The fourth corner analysis indicated that ant species traits were significantly correlated with environmental variables. The functional diversity of secondary forest, lac plantation and lac plantation-corn agroforest were higher than those in dryland farm and rice paddy. Functional diversities were significantly negatively correlated with bare ground cover and significantly positively correlated with leaf-litter cover, leaf-litter thickness and plant cover. Main conclusion: Our results indicated that ant traits distribution patterns were affected by land-use changes, followed by anthropogenic disturbance pressures at the local scale. Ant traits compositions in greatly-disturbed habitats also differed from the habitats with less disturbance. It is unfavourable for the survival of the large body-size ants in more open habitats with more anthropogenic disturbance. Compared with secondary forest, dryland farm and rice paddies were less resistant and more vulnerable and lac plantations had approximately functional diversity of ant communities, suggesting that lac plantations might be resistant as secondary forest to species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, ChinaInstitute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of ForestryKunmingChina
| | - Zhi-xing Lu
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, ChinaInstitute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of ForestryKunmingChina
| | - Nian-nian Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, ChinaGuizhou Academy of ForestryGuiyangChina
| | - You-qing Chen
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, ChinaInstitute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of ForestryKunmingChina
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83
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Ostermann‐Miyashita E, König HJ, Pernat N, Bellingrath‐Kimura SD, Hibler S, Kiffner C. Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emu‐Felicitas Ostermann‐Miyashita
- Junior Research Group Human‐Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Hannes J. König
- Junior Research Group Human‐Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Nadja Pernat
- Research Area 2: Land Use and Governance Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Animal Ecology Research Group University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath‐Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Research Area 2: Land Use and Governance Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Sophia Hibler
- Junior Research Group Human‐Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Christian Kiffner
- Junior Research Group Human‐Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
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84
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Pe'er G, Finn JA, Díaz M, Birkenstock M, Lakner S, Röder N, Kazakova Y, Šumrada T, Bezák P, Concepción ED, Dänhardt J, Morales MB, Rac I, Špulerová J, Schindler S, Stavrinides M, Targetti S, Viaggi D, Vogiatzakis IN, Guyomard H. How can the European Common Agricultural Policy help halt biodiversity loss? Recommendations by over 300 experts. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Pe'er
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Services Leipzig Germany
| | - John A. Finn
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department Johnstown Castle Wexford Ireland
| | - Mario Díaz
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC–MNCN) Madrid Spain
| | - Maren Birkenstock
- Thünen Institute of Rural Studies, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas Forestry and Fisheries Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sebastian Lakner
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, chair of Agricultural Economics University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Norbert Röder
- Thünen Institute of Rural Studies, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas Forestry and Fisheries Braunschweig Germany
| | - Yanka Kazakova
- Department of Economics of Natural Resources University of National and World Economy Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Tanja Šumrada
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Peter Bezák
- Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (ILE SAS) Nitra Slovakia
| | - Elena D. Concepción
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC–MNCN) Madrid Spain
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juliana Dänhardt
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Department of Ecology and Research Center for Biodiversity and Global Change Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ilona Rac
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Jana Špulerová
- Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (ILE SAS) Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stefan Schindler
- Environment Agency Austria Vienna Austria
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences Community Ecology and Conservation Research Group Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Menelaos Stavrinides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Stefano Targetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Bologna Viale Fanin Italy
| | - Davide Viaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Bologna Viale Fanin Italy
| | - Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences Open University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
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85
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Moore JW, Schindler DE. Getting ahead of climate change for ecological adaptation and resilience. Science 2022; 376:1421-1426. [PMID: 35737793 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Changing the course of Earth's climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins the resilience of Earth's complex systems; species, communities, and ecosystems shift and evolve over time. Yet oncoming changes will seriously challenge current natural resource management and conservation efforts. We review forward-looking conservation approaches to enable adaptation and resilience. Key opportunities include expanding beyond preservationist approaches by including those that enable and facilitate ecological change. Conservation should not just focus on climate change losers but also on proactive management of emerging opportunities. Local efforts to conserve biodiversity and generate habitat complexity will also help to maintain a diversity of future options for an unpredictable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Moore
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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86
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Targeting climate adaptation to safeguard and advance the Sustainable Development Goals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3579. [PMID: 35739101 PMCID: PMC9226036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The international community has committed to achieve 169 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets by 2030 and to enhance climate adaptation under the Paris Agreement. Despite the potential for synergies, aligning SDG and climate adaptation efforts is inhibited by an inadequate understanding of the complex relationship between SDG targets and adaptation to impacts of climate change. Here we propose a framework to conceptualise how ecosystems and socio-economic sectors mediate this relationship, which provides a more nuanced understanding of the impacts of climate change on all 169 SDG targets. Global application of the framework reveals that adaptation of wetlands, rivers, cropland, construction, water, electricity, and housing in the most vulnerable countries is required to safeguard achievement of 68% of SDG targets from near-term climate risk by 2030. We discuss how our framework can help align National Adaptation Plans with SDG targets, thus ensuring that adaptation advances, rather than detracts from, sustainable development.
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87
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Milheiras SG, Sallu SM, Loveridge R, Nnyiti P, Mwanga L, Baraka E, Lala M, Moore E, Shirima DD, Kioko EN, Marshall AR, Pfeifer M. Agroecological practices increase farmers' well-being in an agricultural growth corridor in Tanzania. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022; 42:56. [PMID: 35722061 PMCID: PMC9202667 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-022-00789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people rely on nature-rich farming systems for their subsistence and income. The contributions of nature to these systems are varied and key to their sustainability in the long term. Yet, agricultural stakeholders are often unaware or undervalue the relevance of those contributions, which can affect decisions concerning land management. There is limited knowledge on how farming practices and especially those that build more strongly on nature, including agroecological practices, may shape farmers' livelihoods and well-being. We aim to determine the effect that farmer perception of contributions from nature, socioeconomic conditions, and farming practices, have on outcomes related to food security and human well-being. We conducted 467 household surveys in an agricultural growth corridor in rural Tanzania, which is also essential for nature conservation due to its high biodiversity and its strategic location between several protected areas encompassing wetland, forest, and grassland habitats. Results show that implementing more agroecological practices at farm scale has a positive effect on farmer well-being in the study landscape. Results also indicate that higher awareness of benefits from nature, as well as engagement with agricultural extension services, are associated with higher number of agroecological practices applied in the farm. This research confirms the relevance of capacity-building initiatives to scale up the uptake of agroecological practices in the tropics. It also shows, using empirical evidence, that farming practices taking advantage of nature's contributions to people can positively affect food security and human well-being, even when those practices complement conventional ones, such as the use of synthetic inputs. Understanding the impact of agroecological farming on the well-being of smallholder farmers in the tropics paves the way for policy and program development that ensures global food demands are met in a sustainable way without compromising the well-being of some of the world's most vulnerable people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G. Milheiras
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Susannah M. Sallu
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robin Loveridge
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, UK
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Petro Nnyiti
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lilian Mwanga
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Elineema Baraka
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Margherita Lala
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eleanor Moore
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Deo D. Shirima
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Ecosystems and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Esther N. Kioko
- Invertebrate Zoology Section, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew R. Marshall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- Reforest Africa, Mang’ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
- Flamingo Land Ltd., Malton, UK
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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88
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Broekhuis F, Ngene S, Gopalaswamy AM, Mwaura A, Dloniak SM, Ngatia DK, Tyrrell PD, Yamane Y, Elliot NB. Predicting potential distributions of large carnivores in Kenya: An occupancy study to guide conservation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Broekhuis
- Kenya Wildlife Trust Nairobi Kenya
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie M. Dloniak
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Dedan K. Ngatia
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- Mpala Research Centre Nanyuki Kenya
| | - Peter D. Tyrrell
- South Rift Association of Land Owners Nairobi Kenya
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology University of Oxford, Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney UK
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya
| | - Yumi Yamane
- Centre for African Area Studies 46 Yoshida‐Shimoadachi Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Nicholas B. Elliot
- Kenya Wildlife Trust Nairobi Kenya
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology University of Oxford, Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney UK
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89
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Does Agroforestry Correlate with the Sustainability of Agricultural Landscapes? Evidence from China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Compared with industrial monoculture, agroforestry has been perceived as a more sustainable approach to landscape management that provides various landscape-specific benefits. However, little is known about agroforestry’s influence on the comprehensive sustainability of agricultural landscapes. This study focused on the importance of agroforestry and its influence on landscape sustainability, using 118 China National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) as cases. In each China-NIAHS, we evaluated the importance of agroforestry and the landscape’s comprehensive sustainability and explored their correlation. The findings indicate that agroforestry is important in most China-NIAHS. Agroforestry’s importance is strongly correlated with most sustainability indicators, including biodiversity, income diversity, resource utilization, hydrogeological preservation, and water regulation. Based on the findings, we discuss the role of agroforestry in promoting sustainability and provide suggestions for sustainable management and policymaking for agricultural landscapes on a national scale.
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90
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Pandey DK, Adhiguru P, Momin KC, Kumar P. Agrobiodiversity and agroecological practices in 'jhumscape' of the Eastern Himalayas: don't throw the baby out with the bathwater. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2022; 31:2349-2372. [PMID: 35694041 PMCID: PMC9172600 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-022-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The values and roles of biodiversity at the grassroots level get little attention and are usually ignored, despite mounting evidence that effective relationships between biodiversity and indigenous people are critical to both ecological integrity and rural survival. 'Jhumscape' (the landscape of shifting cultivation) can contribute a great deal to enriching agrobiodiversity and ensuring food security, but this system of cultivation has been mostly neglected. The objective of the present study was twofold: (1) to quantify the agrobiodiversity of a jhumscape in the Eastern Himalayas, especially its contribution to food and nutritional security, and (2) to examine the jhum practices in view of the agroecological principles recently proposed by the Food and Agricultural Organization. Applying mixed-method research and using primary data from 97 households representing eleven villages, transect walks, and interviews of key informants, the plant diversity maintained in a traditional jhum system by the indigenous people was seen to comprise of 37 crops including many landraces and four non-descript breeds of livestock. The food basket was supplemented with wild edible plants collected from fringes of forests and fallow lands that are a part of the jhumscape. Diversity in food groups and the share of expenditure on food in the total budget indicates that the indigenous people are secure in terms of food and nutrition. Jhum agroecological practices such as zero tillage and organic mixed-crops farming based on traditional ecological knowledge helps to maintain a high level of agrobiodiversity. Using biodiversity more effectively for agroecological transition does not mean merely returning to traditional practices but requires a deeper understanding of how agrobiodiversity contributes to better nutrition, greater food security, and sustainability. Although some principles and local practices related to jhum are applicable globally, others may be specific to the region and the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar Pandey
- College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural University (Manipur), Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh 791102 India
| | - P. Adhiguru
- Agricultural Extension Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Headquarters, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan - I, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Kalkame Cheran Momin
- College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural University (Manipur), Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh 791102 India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Agricultural Education Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Headquarters, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan - II, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012 India
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91
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Brennan A, Naidoo R, Greenstreet L, Mehrabi Z, Ramankutty N, Kremen C. Functional connectivity of the world's protected areas. Science 2022; 376:1101-1104. [PMID: 35653461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Global policies call for connecting protected areas (PAs) to conserve the flow of animals and genes across changing landscapes, yet whether global PA networks currently support animal movement-and where connectivity conservation is most critical-remain largely unknown. In this study, we map the functional connectivity of the world's terrestrial PAs and quantify national PA connectivity through the lens of moving mammals. We find that mitigating the human footprint may improve connectivity more than adding new PAs, although both strategies together maximize benefits. The most globally important areas of concentrated mammal movement remain unprotected, with 71% of these overlapping with global biodiversity priority areas and 6% occurring on land with moderate to high human modification. Conservation and restoration of critical connectivity areas could safeguard PA connectivity while supporting other global conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brennan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Biodiversity Solutions Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Naidoo
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Greenstreet
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Z Mehrabi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Mortenson Center in Global Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - N Ramankutty
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Kremen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Biodiversity Solutions Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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92
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Canty SWJ, Nowakowski AJ, Connette GM, Deichmann JL, Songer M, Chiaravalloti R, Dodge M, Feistner ATC, Fergus C, Hall JS, Komatsu KJ, Linares‐Palomino R, McField M, Ogburn MB, Velez‐Zuazo X, Akre TS. Mapping a conservation research network to the Sustainable Development Goals. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. J. Canty
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian Marine Station Fort Pierce Florida USA
| | - A. Justin Nowakowski
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Moore Center for Science Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Grant M. Connette
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Jessica L. Deichmann
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Melissa Songer
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Rafael Chiaravalloti
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Molly Dodge
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Anna T. C. Feistner
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Craig Fergus
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
| | - Kimberly J. Komatsu
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland USA
| | - Reynaldo Linares‐Palomino
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Melanie McField
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian Marine Station Fort Pierce Florida USA
| | - Matthew B. Ogburn
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland USA
| | - Ximena Velez‐Zuazo
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Thomas S. Akre
- Working Land and Seascapes Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
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93
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Kemmerling LR, Rutkoski CE, Evans SE, Helms JA, Cordova-Ortiz ES, Smith JD, Vázquez Custodio JA, Vizza C, Haddad NM. Prairie Strips and Lower Land Use Intensity Increase Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.833170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural landscapes can be managed to protect biodiversity and maintain ecosystem services. One approach to achieve this is to restore native perennial vegetation within croplands. Where rowcrops have displaced prairie, as in the US Midwest, restoration of native perennial vegetation can align with crops in so called “prairie strips.” We tested the effect of prairie strips in addition to other management practices on a variety of taxa and on a suite of ecosystem services. To do so, we worked within a 33-year-old experiment that included treatments that varied methods of agricultural management across a gradient of land use intensity. In the two lowest intensity crop management treatments, we introduced prairie strips that occupied 5% of crop area. We addressed three questions: (1) What are the effects of newly established prairie strips on the spillover of biodiversity and ecosystem services into cropland? (2) How does time since prairie strip establishment affect biodiversity and ecosystem services? (3) What are the tradeoffs and synergies among biodiversity conservation, non-provisioning ecosystem services, and provisioning ecosystem services (crop yield) across a land use intensity gradient (which includes prairie strips)? Within prairie strip treatments, where sampling effort occurred within and at increasing distance from strips, dung beetle abundance, spider abundance and richness, active carbon, decomposition, and pollination decreased with distance from prairie strips, and this effect increased between the first and second year. Across the entire land use intensity gradient, treatments with prairie strips and reduced chemical inputs had higher butterfly abundance, spider abundance, and pollination services. In addition, soil organic carbon, butterfly richness, and spider richness increased with a decrease in land use intensity. Crop yield in one treatment with prairie strips was equal to that of the highest intensity management, even while including the area taken out of production. We found no effects of strips on ant biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CH4). Our results show that, even in early establishment, prairie strips and lower land use intensity can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services without a disproportionate loss of crop yield.
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Bell K, Doherty TS, Wevill T, Driscoll DA. Restoration of a declining foundation plant species: testing the roles of competitor suppression, fire reintroduction and herbivore exclusion. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Bell
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Tim S. Doherty
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - T. Wevill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Don A. Driscoll
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
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95
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Cameron DR, Schloss CA, Theobald DM, Morrison SA. A framework to select strategies for conserving and restoring habitat connectivity in complex landscapes. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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96
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Bennett AF, Holland GJ, Haslem A, Stewart A, Radford JQ, Clarke RH. Restoration promotes recovery of woodland birds in agricultural environments: A comparison of ‘revegetation’ and ‘remnant’ landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Bennett
- Department of Environment & Genetics, and Research Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Greg J. Holland
- Department of Environment & Genetics, and Research Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Angie Haslem
- Department of Environment & Genetics, and Research Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
| | - Alistair Stewart
- Department of Environment, Parks and Water Security Alice Springs NT Australia
| | - James Q. Radford
- Department of Environment & Genetics, and Research Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Rohan H. Clarke
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Vic. Australia
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97
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A river-based approach in reconstructing connectivity among protected areas: Insights and challenges from the Balkan region. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Giliba RA, Fust P, Kiffner C, Loos J. Multiple anthropogenic pressures challenge the effectiveness of protected areas in western Tanzania. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Giliba
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
- School of Life Sciences and Bio‐Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Pascal Fust
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Christian Kiffner
- Center for Wildlife Management Studies The School for Field Studies Karatu Tanzania
- Junior Research Group Human‐Wildlife Conflict & Coexistence; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Research Area Land use and Governance Müncheberg Germany
| | - Jacqueline Loos
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
- Social‐Ecological Systems Institute Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
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99
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Streib L, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Heer H, Kattwinkel M, Schäfer RB. Spatiotemporal dynamics drive synergism of land use and climatic extreme events in insect meta-populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152602. [PMID: 34958839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are increasingly threatened by co-occurring stressors associated with anthropogenic global change. Spatial stressor patterns range from local to regional to global, and temporal stressor patterns from discrete to continuous. To date, most multiple stressor studies covered short periods and focused on local effects and interactions. However, it remains largely unknown how stressors with different spatiotemporal patterns interact in their effects over longer periods. In particular, at higher spatial scales, biotic dynamics in ecological networks complicate the understanding of stressor interactions. We used a spatially explicit meta-population model for a generic freshwater insect, parameterized based on traits of the European damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale, to simulate scenarios of discrete climatic extreme events and continuous land use-related stress. Climatic extreme events were modeled as recurring mortality in all patches, whereas land use permanently influenced meta-populations via patch qualities and network connectivity. We found that the risk of discrete climatic extreme events to meta-populations depended strongly on the proportion of land use types, with effects ranging from negligible to extinction. Land use-related stress limited recovery in meta-populations from effects of climatic extreme events, resulting in synergistic stressor interactions. Moreover, the spatial configuration of land use type influenced the combined stressor effects with clustered configurations resulting in lower effects compared to a random configuration. Finally, we found that combined stressor effects can vary with the time point at which they were determined, indicating that inconclusive results in multiple stressor research can partly be due to differences in the time of determination. We conclude that conservation should focus on regional landscape management to mitigate risks on meta-populations from future, intensified extreme climate events. Reducing land use effects, thus improving patch quality and network connectivity, can compensate for effects of additional discrete stressors and, in turn, synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Streib
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau i. d. Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau i. d. Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Henriette Heer
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau i. d. Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Mira Kattwinkel
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau i. d. Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau i. d. Pfalz, Germany.
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100
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Schoen JM, Neelakantan A, Cushman SA, Dutta T, Habib B, Jhala YV, Mondal I, Ramakrishnan U, Reddy PA, Saini S, Sharma S, Thatte P, Yumnam B, DeFries R. Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human-dominated tiger-conservation landscape. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13909. [PMID: 35288989 PMCID: PMC9545158 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human-dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized 5 independent studies of tiger (Panthera tigris) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the 5 studies' resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current-flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current-flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs' area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, Appendix 1 and infrastructure planners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Schoen
- Department of EcologyEvolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Trishna Dutta
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | | | | | | | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- The Biodiversity Collaborative, National Center for Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | | | | | - Sandeep Sharma
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity ResearchHalle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | | | | | - Ruth DeFries
- Department of EcologyEvolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Network for Conserving Central IndiaGurgaonIndia
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