51
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Garland H, Stoll S, Patel S, Mogal R. A case of Bartonellosis presenting as a puzzling multisystem disorder complicated by nosocomial COVID-19 infection. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/8/e244002. [PMID: 34413042 PMCID: PMC8378352 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly considered infection with a Bartonella species is cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae Here, we discuss a unique case of a 60-year-old man who presented with Bartonella infection complicated by nosocomial COVID-19. He was admitted with a history of chest pain, persistent fever, rash and influenza-like symptoms. Positive Bartonella serology confirmed diagnosis and the patient developed complications of pericardial effusion in addition to COVID-19 infection, requiring non-invasive ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit. We discuss his symptoms, investigations, treatment and outcomes, while also highlighting the challenges of assessing patients presenting with fever of unknown origin during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Stoll
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Shalinee Patel
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rahul Mogal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Watford General Hospital, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
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52
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Matta S, Rousseau A, Chenouard R, Lemarié C, Eveillard M, Kempf M, Mahieu R, Pailhoriès H. Cerebral epidural empyema due to Bartonella henselae: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:765. [PMID: 34362324 PMCID: PMC8344196 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cat scratch disease frequently involves a benign, self-limited disease. Neurological forms associated with Bartonella henselae are uncommon, consisting mostly in neuroretinitis, encephalitis and meningitis. Cerebral epidural empyema has never described. CASE PRESENTATION An adult patient was hospitalized for isolated headaches. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) identified typical features of cerebral epidural empyema. The diagnosis of B. henselae was performed incidentally by 16S rDNA gene sequencing on the abscess fluid, and confirmed by specific qPCR. We report here the first case, to our knowledge, of cerebral epidural empyema associated with B. henselae. Further follow-up visits allowed identifying frequent cat scratches on the scalp as the presumptive source of infection. CONCLUSIONS This case report alerts about such atypical clinical presentation, which requires an extensive clinical investigation. It also emphasizes on the usefulness of additional molecular diagnosis techniques in such CNS infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Matta
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Rachel Chenouard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France
| | - Carole Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Rafaël Mahieu
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Angers, CHU, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Hélène Pailhoriès
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex, France. .,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
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53
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Lopez SMC, Davis A, Zinn M, Feingold B, Green M, Michaels MG. Bartonella henselae infection in the pediatric solid organ transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13823. [PMID: 32841466 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella henselae infection can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised host with BA a severe form relegated to immunocompromised hosts, including solid organ transplant population. There are established criteria for diagnosis of Bartonella infection based on clinical presentation, serologic testing, imaging studies and, when indicated, tissue sampling for histopathological evaluation, particularly for BA. However, treatment recommendations for BA are inconclusive. Furthermore, there are no studies in the pediatric solid organ transplant population for antimicrobial therapy during BA secondary to Bartonella henselae infection. A case of BA following heart transplant is presented along with a literature review of clinical presentation; diagnosis and therapy for BA in the pediatric solid organ transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Manuel Cayetano Lopez
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Davis
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Zinn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pediatrics/Surgery and Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pediatrics/Surgery and Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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54
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James S, Thozhuthumparambil KP. Cat scratch disease sepsis in an immunocompromised patient. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e239932. [PMID: 34257108 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a greater number of households have pets, the likelihood of zoonotic infections can rise too. Although in most healthy individuals these infections are self-limiting, they are more serious and can lead to adverse outcomes in the immunocompromised. There is minimal information available for the immunocompromised patient who are pet owners or on pet handling. We report a case of cat scratch disease-related sepsis in an immunocompromised patient. This case illustrates the need for a detailed history, including a pet history, in immunocompromised patients presenting with fever of unknown origin and the need for UK-based information for the immunocompromised on pet care and risks associated with having a pet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil James
- Acute Medical Unit, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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55
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Gutiérrez R, Ram Y, Berman J, Carstens Marques de Sousa K, Nachum-Biala Y, Britzi M, Elad D, Glaser G, Covo S, Harrus S. Adaptive resistance mutations at supra-inhibitory concentrations independent of SOS mutagenesis. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4095-4115. [PMID: 34175952 PMCID: PMC8476149 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of resistant bacteria during antimicrobial treatment is one of the most critical and universal health threats. It is known that several stress-induced mutagenesis and heteroresistance mechanisms can enhance microbial adaptation to antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate that the pathogen Bartonella can undergo stress-induced mutagenesis despite the fact it lacks error-prone polymerases, the rpoS gene and functional UV-induced mutagenesis. We demonstrate that Bartonella acquire de novo single mutations during rifampicin exposure at suprainhibitory concentrations at a much higher rate than expected from spontaneous fluctuations. This is while exhibiting a minimal heteroresistance capacity. The emerged resistant mutants acquired a single rpoB mutation, whereas no other mutations were found in their whole genome. Interestingly, the emergence of resistance in Bartonella occurred only during gradual exposure to the antibiotic, indicating that Bartonella sense and react to the changing environment. Using a mathematical model, we demonstrated that, to reproduce the experimental results, mutation rates should be transiently increased over 1,000-folds, and a larger population size or greater heteroresistance capacity is required. RNA expression analysis suggests that the increased mutation rate is due to downregulation of key DNA repair genes (mutS, mutY, and recA), associated with DNA breaks caused by massive prophage inductions. These results provide new evidence of the hazard of antibiotic overuse in medicine and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,The Center for Research in Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Yoav Ram
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.,School of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Judith Berman
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Britzi
- The National Residue Control Laboratory, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gad Glaser
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Covo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimon Harrus
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics (Chen, Li), Jiashan No.1 People's Hospital, Jiashan, Zhejiang, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine (Ding), Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Department of Pediatrics (Chen, Li), Jiashan No.1 People's Hospital, Jiashan, Zhejiang, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine (Ding), Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics (Chen, Li), Jiashan No.1 People's Hospital, Jiashan, Zhejiang, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine (Ding), Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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57
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Morillas JA, Hassanein M, Syed B, Liaqat A, Bergfeld W, Sardiña LA, Fatica R, Lum J. Early post-transplant cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis in a kidney recipient: Case report and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13670. [PMID: 34145690 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an uncommon systemic disease caused by Bartonella henselae (BH) or Bartonella quintana (BQ) that occurs primarily in immunocompromised hosts. Few cases of BA recipients have been reported in adult solid transplant recipients over the years, with most cases presenting years after transplant. We describe a case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed cutaneous BA very early in the post-transplant period despite not having any exposures. Retrospective testing of donor and recipient's serum was performed and raised the concern for possible donor-derived infection. A literature review encompassing 1990 to present was also performed in order to better understand the clinical presentation, diagnostics and therapeutic approach of this unusual disease. Combined serology, histopathology and molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were useful in diagnosing BA in our patient as serology alone might be unreliable. Macrolides or doxycycline for at least 3 months is the recommended therapeutic strategy; however, the optimal duration of treatment is not well established in transplant recipients. In our patient, we decided to use doxycycline for 1 year due to gradual resolution of lesions and ongoing immunosuppression. Patient responded successfully without any documented relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morillas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Transplantation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Bushra Syed
- Department of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Aimen Liaqat
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wilma Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luis A Sardiña
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard Fatica
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Transplantation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Lum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Transplantation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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58
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Yoshifuji A, Hibino Y, Komatsu M, Yasuda S, Hosoya K, Kobayashi E, Baba Y, Hirose S, Hashiguchi A, Kanno Y, Ryuzaki M. Glomerulonephritis Caused by Bartonella spp. Infective Endocarditis: The Difficulty and Importance of Differentiation from Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-related Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis. Intern Med 2021; 60:1899-1906. [PMID: 33456034 PMCID: PMC8263179 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5608-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old man with valvular disorder presented to his physician because of widespread purpura in both lower extremities. Blood tests showed elevated serum creatinine levels and proteinase 3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) with hematuria, suggesting ANCA-related rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Although multiple blood cultures were negative, transthoracic echocardiography revealed warts in the valves, and a renal biopsy also showed findings of glomerular infiltration by mononuclear leukocytes and C3 deposition in the glomeruli, suggesting infection-related glomerulonephritis. Later, Bartonella antibody turned positive. Antimicrobial treatment improved the purpura and renal function without any recurrence. ANCA-positive RPGN requires the exclusion of infective endocarditis, especially that induced by Bartonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshifuji
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuuka Hibino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Motoaki Komatsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yasuda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Koji Hosoya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Emi Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuko Baba
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Munekazu Ryuzaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
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59
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Salmon-Rousseau A, Auvray C, Besset Q, Briandet C, Desplantes C, Chavanet P. Costal osteomyelitis due to Bartonella henselae in a 10-year-old girl. J Bone Jt Infect 2021; 6:171-178. [PMID: 34109101 PMCID: PMC8182667 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-6-171-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae
is the bacterial agent responsible for cat scratch
disease. This infection is frequently the cause of localized lymphadenitis in
children. It is also sometimes responsible for endocarditis, encephalitis, hepatic
peliosis and in rare cases osteomyelitis. We describe the second known case of unifocal thoracic
osteomyelitis in a
10-year-old child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christelle Auvray
- Laboratory of Virology, François Mitterrand University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Besset
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Briandet
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Desplantes
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Chavanet
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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60
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Serral F, Castello FA, Sosa EJ, Pardo AM, Palumbo MC, Modenutti C, Palomino MM, Lazarowski A, Auzmendi J, Ramos PIP, Nicolás MF, Turjanski AG, Martí MA, Fernández Do Porto D. From Genome to Drugs: New Approaches in Antimicrobial Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647060. [PMID: 34177572 PMCID: PMC8219968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of successful use of antibiotics is currently challenged by the emergence of increasingly resistant bacterial strains. Novel drugs are urgently required but, in a scenario where private investment in the development of new antimicrobials is declining, efforts to combat drug-resistant infections become a worldwide public health problem. Reasons behind unsuccessful new antimicrobial development projects range from inadequate selection of the molecular targets to a lack of innovation. In this context, increasingly available omics data for multiple pathogens has created new drug discovery and development opportunities to fight infectious diseases. Identification of an appropriate molecular target is currently accepted as a critical step of the drug discovery process. Here, we review how diverse layers of multi-omics data in conjunction with structural/functional analysis and systems biology can be used to prioritize the best candidate proteins. Once the target is selected, virtual screening can be used as a robust methodology to explore molecular scaffolds that could act as inhibitors, guiding the development of new drug lead compounds. This review focuses on how the advent of omics and the development and application of bioinformatics strategies conduct a "big-data era" that improves target selection and lead compound identification in a cost-effective and shortened timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Serral
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia A Castello
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel J Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín M Pardo
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miranda Clara Palumbo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Palomino
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ivan P Ramos
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marisa F Nicolás
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Adrián G Turjanski
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Fernández Do Porto
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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61
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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bartonella Grown in Different Culture Conditions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060718. [PMID: 34201011 PMCID: PMC8229624 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis is caused by a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium with a zoonotic transmission. The disease, caused by any of several genospecies of Bartonella can range from a benign, self-limited condition to a highly morbid and life-threatening illness. The current standard of care antibiotics are generally effective in acute infection; these include azithromycin or erythromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. However, treatment of chronic infection remains problematic. We tested six different antibiotics for their ability to stop the growth of Bartonella sp. in the standard insect media and in an enrichment media. All antibiotics (ceftriaxone, doxycycline, gentamycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, and azlocillin) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 0.5 µg/mL in the BAPGM enrichment media but were ineffective at inhibiting growth when the standard insect media was used. Azlocillin was the most potent, with a MIC of 0.01 µg/mL. When Bartonella was tested under intracellular growth conditions, none of the antibiotics were efficacious singly. However, growth inhibition was observed when azlocillin and azithromycin were combined. These studies illustrate the impact of growth medium and intracellular environment on antibiotic susceptibility testing and indicate that azlocillin combined with azithromycin may be an effective drug combination for the treatment of Bartonellosis.
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62
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Kinderlehrer DA. Anorexia Nervosa Caused by Polymicrobial Tick-Borne Infections: A Case Study. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:279-287. [PMID: 34007219 PMCID: PMC8121620 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s311516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is multifactorial, and infections may play a contributory and possibly a prominent role. A case is presented which is indicative of a causal association between tick-borne infections and AN. This adolescent female was diagnosed with AN at an eating disorder clinic after excessive food restriction and an irrational fear of weight gain necessitating nasogastric tube feeding. Her history was consistent with systemic infections and she tested serologically positive to Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae; in addition, her clinical presentation was consistent with a Bartonella infection. After treatment with oral and intravenous antimicrobials, she stopped food restriction and no longer had body image concerns. Physicians should be aware of the possibility that tick-borne infections could underly a diagnosis of AN. The role of tick-borne infections in the etiology of AN warrants further study.
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63
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Tram N, Cheyssac É, Toumi C, Laurent A, Bertholet-Thomas A, Viremouneix L, Bacchetta J, Ranchin B. Disseminated bartonellosis in a child with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome receiving mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17:463-465. [PMID: 33985919 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cat scratch disease, usually a benign infectious disease, may develop as multisystem disease with multiorgan involvement, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report on a patient who developed disseminated bartonellosis while receiving mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy treating steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, highlighting that severe infection can be observed in those patients. Therefore, this category of patients should be cautious when having contact with kittens and receives proper prevention advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tram
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Élodie Cheyssac
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Chadia Toumi
- Service des maladies infectieuses pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Aurélia Bertholet-Thomas
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Loïc Viremouneix
- Service d'imagerie médicale, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France; Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Ranchin
- Centre de référence des Maladies rénales rares, service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
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Lemos AP, Domingues R, Gouveia C, de Sousa R, Brito MJ. Atypical bartonellosis in children: What do we know? J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:653-658. [PMID: 33301212 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterise Bartonella infections in a paediatric population requiring hospital admission and review its treatment. METHODS Longitudinal observational retrospective data analysis of children and adolescents admitted with Bartonella infection at a paediatric tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS We identified 16 cases of bartonellosis, with a mean age of 8.0 ± 4.5 years old, no sex predominance and 14 had contact with cats. Most of the cases occurred in fall and winter. Clinical presentations included osteomyelitis/arthritis (n = 9), hepatosplenic disease (n = 2), lymphadenitis (n = 2), neuroretinitis (n = 2) and encephalitis (n = 1). Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serology (n = 16) and Bartonella DNA detection in patient's lymph nodes/hepatic lesion (n = 3). Therapeutic approach varied according to the clinical presentation: azithromycin in lymphadenitis, rifampicin plus ciprofloxacin in hepatosplenic disease, rifampicin and doxycycline in neuroretinitis, ceftriaxone in encephalitis and azithromycin, cotrimoxazole or rifampicin plus azithromycin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin or doxycycline in osteomyelitis/arthritis. Immunodeficiency was excluded in seven patients. Seven patients' cats were screened by veterinarians and treated when infected (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS In these clinical presentations, where other infections may be involved, a high index of suspicion is necessary, with emphasis on the epidemiological context. The association of systemic forms with immunodeficiency did not occur in our study. The lack of recommendations for treatment of atypical infection makes the approach of these cases a challenge. Randomised control studies are essential to define the best approach in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Lemos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Domingues
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gouveia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita de Sousa
- Centre of Study of Vectors and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Brito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sodini C, Zani EM, Pecora F, Conte C, Patianna VD, Prezioso G, Principi N, Esposito S. A Case of Atypical Bartonellosis in a 4-Year-Old Immunocompetent Child. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050950. [PMID: 33924906 PMCID: PMC8146596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, infection due to Bartonella henselae causes a mild disease presenting with a regional lymphadenopathy frequently associated with a low-grade fever, headache, poor appetite and exhaustion that spontaneously resolves itself in a few weeks. As the infection is generally transmitted by cats through scratching or biting, the disease is named cat scratch disease (CSD). However, in 5–20% of cases, mainly in immunocompromised patients, systemic involvement can occur and CSD may result in major illness. This report describes a case of systemic CSD diagnosed in an immunocompetent 4-year-old child that can be used as an example of the problems that pediatricians must solve to reach a diagnosis of atypical CSD. Despite the child’s lack of history suggesting any contact with cats and the absence of regional lymphadenopathy, the presence of a high fever, deterioration of their general condition, increased inflammatory biomarkers, hepatosplenic lesions (i.e., multiple abscesses), pericardial effusion with mild mitral valve regurgitation and a mild dilatation of the proximal and medial portion of the right coronary artery, seroconversion for B. henselae (IgG 1:256) supported the diagnosis of atypical CSD. Administration of oral azithromycin was initiated (10 mg/kg/die for 3 days) with a progressive normalization of clinical, laboratory and US hepatosplenic and cardiac findings. This case shows that the diagnosis of atypical CSD is challenging. The nonspecific, composite and variable clinical features of this disease require a careful evaluation in order to achieve a precise diagnosis and to avoid both a delayed diagnosis and therapy with a risk of negative evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sodini
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Mariotti Zani
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesco Pecora
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Cristiano Conte
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Viviana Dora Patianna
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Prezioso
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (E.M.Z.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (V.D.P.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-704790
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66
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Okaro U, George S, Anderson B. What Is in a Cat Scratch? Growth of Bartonella henselae in a Biofilm. Microorganisms 2021; 9:835. [PMID: 33919891 PMCID: PMC8070961 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cat scratch disease, bacteremia, and endocarditis, as well as other clinical presentations. B. henselae has been shown to form a biofilm in vitro that likely plays a role in the establishment and persistence of the bacterium in the host. Biofilms are also known to form in the cat flea vector; hence, the ability of this bacterium to form a biofilm has broad biological significance. The release of B. henselae from a biofilm niche appears to be important in disease persistence and relapse in the vertebrate host but also in transmission by the cat flea vector. It has been shown that the BadA adhesin of B. henselae is critical for adherence and biofilm formation. Thus, the upregulation of badA is important in initiating biofilm formation, and down-regulation is important in the release of the bacterium from the biofilm. We summarize the current knowledge of biofilm formation in Bartonella species and the role of BadA in biofilm formation. We discuss the evidence that defines possible mechanisms for the regulation of the genes required for biofilm formation. We further describe the regulation of those genes in the conditions that mimic both the arthropod vector and the mammalian host for B. henselae. The treatment for persistent B. henselae infection remains a challenge; hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which this bacterium persists in its host is critical to inform future efforts to develop drugs to treat such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoka Okaro
- Foundational Sciences Directorate, Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Sierra George
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MDC7, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Burt Anderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MDC7, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Abstract
Diagnosis of systemic cat scratch disease may be challenging. Here, we describe a case of an immunocompetent girl exhibiting fever and multifocal hepatosplenic abscesses. Diagnostic tests for Bartonella henselae infection (enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction) were found steadily negative and the diagnosis, suspected on the basis of the Margilet's criteria, was finally confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent antibodies.
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68
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Endocarditis protésica aórtica por Bartonella henselae. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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69
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El Matri K, Falfoul Y, Amoroso F, Souied EH, Dekli Z, Chebil A, Mili-Boussen I, Khairallah M, El Matri L. Multimodal imaging of branch retinal artery occlusion and multiple retinal infiltrates associated to cat's scratch disease. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e199-e204. [PMID: 33451868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K El Matri
- Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Department B / Oculogenetic laboratory LR14SP01, boulevard du 9 Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis - El Manar, Faculté de médecine de Tunis, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Ophthalmology department, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine de Créteil, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Y Falfoul
- Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Department B / Oculogenetic laboratory LR14SP01, boulevard du 9 Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - F Amoroso
- Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Ophthalmology department, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine de Créteil, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - E H Souied
- Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Ophthalmology department, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine de Créteil, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Z Dekli
- Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Department B / Oculogenetic laboratory LR14SP01, boulevard du 9 Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis - El Manar, Faculté de médecine de Tunis, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Chebil
- Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Department B / Oculogenetic laboratory LR14SP01, boulevard du 9 Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis - El Manar, Faculté de médecine de Tunis, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - I Mili-Boussen
- Université Tunis - El Manar, Faculté de médecine de Tunis, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Centre hospitalier universitaire Charles Nicolle, Ophthalmology department boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Khairallah
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, avenue Farhat Hached, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Université de Monastir, Faculté de médecine de Monastir, avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - L El Matri
- Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Department B / Oculogenetic laboratory LR14SP01, boulevard du 9 Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis - El Manar, Faculté de médecine de Tunis, rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
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Chiu CH, Lee YT, Lin YC, Kuo SC, Yang YS, Wang YC, Liu YH, Lin JC, Chang FY, Chen TL. Bacterial membrane vesicles from Acinetobacter baumannii induced by ceftazidime are more virulent than those induced by imipenem. Virulence 2021; 11:145-158. [PMID: 32043433 PMCID: PMC7051140 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1726593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia treated with antipseudomonal cephalosporins showed higher 14-day mortality than patients treated with antipseudomonal carbapenems. We hypothesized that the bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) induced by antipseudomonal cephalosporins are more virulent than BMVs induced by antipseudomonal carbapenems. To simulate the clinical condition with inadequate antimicrobial treatment, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was treated with ceftazidime (an antipseudomonal cephalosporin) or imipenem (an antipseudomonal carbapenem) at 1/2 the minimum inhibitory concentration. BMVs and BMV-carried lipopolysaccharide were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting, respectively. Cytokine expression in RAW264.7 macrophages or mice serum induced by the BMVs was determined by ELISA, fluorescent bead-based immunoassay or western blotting. The virulence of the BMVs was assessed in mice. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used to determine the protein contents of the BMVs. We found that ceftazidime induced a higher number of BMVs (CAZ-BMV), which carried more LPS, and induced higher expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6 in macrophages, higher expression of many cytokines in mice, more neutrophil infiltration in lung interstitium, and higher mortality in mice than imipenem-induced BMVs (IMP-BMV). When adjusted to same amount of LPS, CAZ-BMV still led to higher mortality than IMP-BMV. Proteomic analysis revealed different protein contents in CAZ-BMV and IMP-BMV. In conclusion, A. baumannii BMVs induced by ceftazidime are more virulent than BMVs induced by imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Annoura K, Sano I, Makino S, Kawashima H. Multiple ocular manifestations in a case of cat scratch disease without systemic signs. GMS OPHTHALMOLOGY CASES 2020; 10:Doc45. [PMID: 33384912 PMCID: PMC7745642 DOI: 10.3205/oc000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A 43-year-old woman presented with impaired vision and redness in her left eye of 2 weeks duration. She had a pet cat that scratched her forehead 3 weeks before she presented to us. She had no systemic signs such as lymphadenopathy, fever, or fatigue. The respective right and left corrected visual acuities were 20/16 and 20/2000. The anterior chamber of the left eye exhibited inflammation; a fundus examination of that eye revealed optic disc swelling and a serous macular detachment with hard stellate exudates. Based on the recent cat scratch and the ocular findings, cat scratch disease (CSD) was suspected. The results of serologic testing showed elevated titres of IgM and IgG antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Administration of doxycycline and a steroid was initiated. This report describes the occurrence of multiple ocular manifestations of CSD in both the posterior and the anterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Annoura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Ichiya Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ichiya Sano, Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan, E-mail:
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
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72
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Soni N, Gupta S, Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa R, Priya S, Bathla G. Bartonella osteomyelitis versus vertebral sarcoidosis: A tale of two cases. Neuroradiol J 2020; 34:140-146. [PMID: 33295852 DOI: 10.1177/1971400920978433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteomyelitis is an uncommon manifestation of Bartonella henselae. Similarly, bony involvement may occur with sarcoidosis. Even though these are pathologically distinct entities, they can have overlapping imaging manifestations and therefore mimic one another. This is further complicated by the fact that both entities show non-caseating granulomatous inflammation on histopathology. We present two cases with similar imaging findings, with one case eventually diagnosed as Bartonella osteomyelitis, while the other proved to be vertebral sarcoidosis. Both patients exhibited vertebral involvement in common, and improved clinically and radiographically following antibiotics and steroids treatment, respectively. Given the overlapping pathological and imaging manifestations, and the non-specific clinical presentation, these entities may be considered in the differential consideration of each other. The presence of associated findings in such cases may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Soni
- Radiology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Pathology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | | | - Sarv Priya
- Radiology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Girish Bathla
- Neuroradiology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
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73
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Kleinman DR, Lam JC, Bacani J, Tyrrell G, Turvey SL. Bartonella quintana infective endocarditis in northern Alberta: A case report. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2020; 5:256-260. [PMID: 36340060 PMCID: PMC9602878 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of Bartonella quintana infective endocarditis requiring valvular surgery in an Indigenous patient from northern Alberta that was identified months after initial presentation to hospital with undifferentiated laboratory abnormalities. Syndromes caused by B. quintana are often challenging to diagnose due to their non-specific presentation and the difficulty in detecting this organism using traditional culture methods. Additionally, risk factors for B. quintana include marginal housing and alcohol use disorder, which often impede access to health care. Indigenous patients in northern Canada often face worse health outcomes compared with other regions owing to poor economic conditions, substandard housing, and limited access to health care resources. Given that risk factors for B. quintana are prevalent throughout northern Canada and that this infection is difficult to diagnose, we surmise that the prevalence of B. quintana infection is underestimated in northern Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ryan Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John C Lam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julinor Bacani
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory Tyrrell
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon Lee Turvey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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74
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Tey MSY, Govindasamy G, Vendargon FM. The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2020; 10:31. [PMID: 33191467 PMCID: PMC7667203 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-020-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the various clinical presentations of ocular bartonellosis at our institution. A retrospective review of the clinical records of 13 patients (23 eyes) with ocular manifestations of Bartonella infections over a 3-year period between January 2016 to December 2018 was undertaken at our institution. RESULTS The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and in addition, with the support of the evidence of Bartonella hensalae IgG and/or IgM. Small retinal white lesions were the most common ocular findings in this series of patients (82.6% of eyes, 76.9% of patients). Neuroretinitis was the second most common finding (47.8% of eyes, 69.2% of patients), followed by exudative retinal detachment involving the macula (34.8% of eyes, 53.8% of patients) and Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (17.4% of eyes, 23.1% of patients). Other findings like isolated optic disc oedema without macular star (8.7% of eyes, 15.4% of patients) and vitritis (4.3% of eyes, 7.7% of patients) were also observed. Ten patients (76.9%) had bilateral ocular involvement. Most of the patients were young, immunocompetent and had systemic symptoms like fever prior to their ocular symptoms. The visual acuity (VA) at initial presentation ranged from 6/6 to hand movement (mean, 6/20), and at final visit 6/6 to 6/60, (mean, 6/9). 91.7% of patients were treated with antibiotics. Only 2 patients received oral corticosteroids together with antibiotics due to very poor vision on presentation. The visual prognosis of ocular bartonellosis is generally good with 16 (88.9%) of 23 eyes having VA of 6/12 or better at final follow-up visit. CONCLUSION Small foci of retinal white lesions were the most common manifestation of ocular bartonellosis in this series, followed by neuroretinitis, though an array of other ocular findings may also occur. Therefore, we should consider bartonella infection as a possible differential diagnosis in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Shi-Ying Tey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Gayathri Govindasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Patel TP, Zacks DN, Dedania VS. Antimicrobial guide to posterior segment infections. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 259:2473-2501. [PMID: 33156370 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article is meant to serve as a reference guide and to assist the treating physician in making an appropriate selection and duration of an antimicrobial agent. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS Infections of the posterior segment require prompt medical or surgical therapy to reduce the risk of permanent vision loss. While numerous options exist to treat these infections, doses and alternative therapies, especially with contraindications for first-line therapy, are often elusive. Antimicrobial agents to treat posterior segment infections can be administered via various routes, including topical, intravitreal, intravenous, and oral. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many excellent review articles on the management of endophthalmitis, we take the opportunity in this review to comprehensively summarize the appropriate antimicrobial regimen of both common and rare infectious etiologies of the posterior segment, using evidence from clinical trials and large case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan P Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaidehi S Dedania
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Vieira-Damiani G, Almeida ARD, Silva MN, Lania BG, Soares TCB, Drummond MR, Lins KA, Ericson M, Gupta K, Velho PENF. Bartonella henselae infection induces a persistent mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e79. [PMID: 33146308 PMCID: PMC7608073 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are re-emerging and neglected bacterial pathogens. The natural reservoirs for several species of this genus are domestic animals such as cats and dogs, the most common pets in the USA and Brazil. Some cat studies suggest that the infection is more prevalent in tropical and poverty-stricken areas. These bacteria were associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations: fever of unknown origin, endocarditis, angiomatosis, chronic lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, fatigue, paresthesia and pain. Our group has already demonstrated that B. henselae -infected sickle cell disease mice present with hyperalgesia. We hypothesized that even immunocompetent mice infected by B. henselae would show an increased and persistent mechanical sensitivity. Five ten-week old male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with a 30 µL of suspension containing 10 4 CFU/mL of B. henselae, while five others were inoculated with an equal volume of saline solution. Four days after bacterial inoculation, the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was measured using von Frey filaments in all animals, for five consecutive days. The infected animals showed hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli for five consecutive days. The present study has demonstrated that B. henselae infection induces persistent mechanical hypersensitivity, a signal consistent with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Vieira-Damiani
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo , Câmpus Capivari, Capivari , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Amanda Roberta de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marilene Neves Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Bruno Groseli Lania
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tânia Cristina Benetti Soares
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Karina A Lins
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marna Ericson
- University of Minnesota , Department of Dermatology , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- University of Minnesota , Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Dermatologia e Bartoneloses , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Departamento de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
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77
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Cat-scratch Disease in the Pediatric Population: 6 Years of Evaluation and Follow-up in a Public Hospital in Chile. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:889-893. [PMID: 32404788 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella henselae is the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease, which affects the entire world population. Due to how poorly characterized the child population is, the objective was to describe the clinical behavior of this disease in children younger than 16 years of age. METHODS This was a descriptive study with prospective follow-up of all children younger than 16 years with clinical and serologic diagnoses between 2013 and 2018. RESULTS There were 142 patients; of these, 55.6% had localized disease, 34.5% disseminated with hepatosplenic involvement and 9.8% had atypical disease. The cases of atypical disease were prolonged febrile illness, Parinaud syndrome, subacute bacterial endocarditis/glomerulonephritis and aseptic meningitis. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most frequent, followed by inguinal adenopathy. There were no differences between the type of manifestation and laboratory values except for a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate tendency in patients with disseminated and/or atypical disease. The serologic titers throughout were distributed as follows: titer of 1/1024, 71.7%; titer of 1/512, 10.4% and titer of 1/256, 17.9%. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the largest series of cat-scratch disease published. We demonstrate that in our environment, the inguinal location is suggestive of this disease, the disseminated presentation, frequent, and that the titers are probably much higher than in other populations, which perhaps indicates the need to re-examine the cut-off point for positivity.
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78
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Performance and Application of 16S rRNA Gene Cycle Sequencing for Routine Identification of Bacteria in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00053-19. [PMID: 32907806 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00053-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a state-of-the-art description of the performance of Sanger cycle sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for routine identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory. A detailed description of the technology and current methodology is outlined with a major focus on proper data analyses and interpretation of sequences. The remainder of the article is focused on a comprehensive evaluation of the application of this method for identification of bacterial pathogens based on analyses of 16S multialignment sequences. In particular, the existing limitations of similarity within 16S for genus- and species-level differentiation of clinically relevant pathogens and the lack of sequence data currently available in public databases is highlighted. A multiyear experience is described of a large regional clinical microbiology service with direct 16S broad-range PCR followed by cycle sequencing for direct detection of pathogens in appropriate clinical samples. The ability of proteomics (matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight) versus 16S sequencing for bacterial identification and genotyping is compared. Finally, the potential for whole-genome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to replace 16S sequencing for routine diagnostic use is presented for several applications, including the barriers that must be overcome to fully implement newer genomic methods in clinical microbiology. A future challenge for large clinical, reference, and research laboratories, as well as for industry, will be the translation of vast amounts of accrued NGS microbial data into convenient algorithm testing schemes for various applications (i.e., microbial identification, genotyping, and metagenomics and microbiome analyses) so that clinically relevant information can be reported to physicians in a format that is understood and actionable. These challenges will not be faced by clinical microbiologists alone but by every scientist involved in a domain where natural diversity of genes and gene sequences plays a critical role in disease, health, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and other aspects of life-forms. Overcoming these challenges will require global multidisciplinary efforts across fields that do not normally interact with the clinical arena to make vast amounts of sequencing data clinically interpretable and actionable at the bedside.
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79
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Farfán-López M, Espinoza-Culupú A, García-de-la-Guarda R, Serral F, Sosa E, Palomino MM, Fernández Do Porto DA. Prioritisation of potential drug targets against Bartonella bacilliformis by an integrative in-silico approach. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200184. [PMID: 32785422 PMCID: PMC7416641 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrion's disease (CD) is a neglected biphasic illness caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, a Gram-negative bacteria found in the Andean valleys. The spread of resistant strains underlines the need for novel antimicrobials against B. bacilliformis and related bacterial pathogens. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to integrate genomic-scale data to shortlist a set of proteins that could serve as attractive targets for new antimicrobial discovery to combat B. bacilliformis. METHODS We performed a multidimensional genomic scale analysis of potential and relevant targets which includes structural druggability, metabolic analysis and essentiality criteria to select proteins with attractive features for drug discovery. FINDINGS We shortlisted seventeen relevant proteins to develop new drugs against the causative agent of Carrion's disease. Particularly, the protein products of fabI, folA, aroA, trmFO, uppP and murE genes, meet an important number of desirable features that make them attractive targets for new drug development. This data compendium is freely available as a web server (http://target.sbg.qb.fcen.uba.ar/). MAIN CONCLUSION This work represents an effort to reduce the costs in the first phases of B. bacilliformis drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Farfán-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Abraham Espinoza-Culupú
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ruth García-de-la-Guarda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Federico Serral
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Sosa
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Palomino
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A Fernández Do Porto
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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80
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Poursheykhi M, Mithani F, Garg T, Cajavilca C, Jaijakul S, Fung S, Klucznik R, Gadhia R. A case of cerebral vasculitis due to neurobartonellosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/5/e791. [PMID: 32503091 PMCID: PMC7413714 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryim Poursheykhi
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano.
| | - Farhan Mithani
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Tanu Garg
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Christian Cajavilca
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Siraya Jaijakul
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Steve Fung
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Richard Klucznik
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
| | - Rajan Gadhia
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P., T.G., R.G.), Department of Infectious Diseases (S.J.), Department of Neuroradiology (S.F.), and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (R.K.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX; Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine (F.M.), Bryan; and Department of Interventional Neurology (C.C.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano
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81
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Johnson SC, Kosut J, Ching N. Disseminated Cat Scratch Disease in Pediatric Patients in Hawai'i. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2020; 79:64-70. [PMID: 32490388 PMCID: PMC7260883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cat scratch disease is known to be a generally benign, self-resolving illness associated with non-specific symptoms, including lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue, anorexia, and headaches. However, it can also cause disseminated disease with a wide range of manifestations, including liver and spleen microabscesses, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and uveitis. Eighteen pediatric cases of disseminated cat scratch disease at a single center in Hawai'i are described. This case series emphasizes the importance of disease recognition and use of appropriate diagnostic tools and disease management. The disease burden of pediatric patients with disseminated cat scratch disease in the state of Hawai'i has a high incidence and should be considered in pediatric patients with prolonged febrile illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Kosut
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Natascha Ching
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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82
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Hepatosplenic bartonellosis in immunocompetent adults: a case series and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1789-1792. [PMID: 32306144 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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83
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Zheng X, Ma X, Li T, Shi W, Zhang Y. Effect of different drugs and drug combinations on killing stationary phase and biofilms recovered cells of Bartonella henselae in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:87. [PMID: 32276590 PMCID: PMC7149919 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella henselae is a Gram-negative bacterium transmitted to humans by a scratch from cat in the presence of ectoparasites. Humans infected with B. henselae can result in various clinical diseases including local lymphadenopathy and more serious systemic disease such as persistent bacteremia and endocarditis. The current treatment of persistent B. henselae infections is not very effective and remains a challenge. To find more effective treatments for persistent and biofilm Bartonella infections, in this study, we evaluated a panel of drugs and drug combinations based on the current treatment and also promising hits identified from a recent drug screen against stationary phase and biofilm recovered cells of B. henselae. RESULTS We evaluated 14 antibiotics and 25 antibiotic combinations for activity against stationary phase B. henselae (all antibiotics were at 5 μg/ml) and found that ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin were the most active agents, while clofazimine and miconazole had poor activity. Drug combinations azithromycin/ciprofloxacin, azithromycin/methylene blue, rifampin/ciprofloxacin, and rifampin/methylene blue could rapidly kill stationary phase B. henselae with no detectable CFU after 1-day exposure. Methylene blue and rifampin were the most active agents against the biofilm B. henselae after 6 days of drug exposure. Antibiotic combinations (azithromycin/ciprofloxacin, azithromycin/methylene blue, rifampin/ciprofloxacin, rifampin/methylene blue) completely eradicated the biofilm B. henselae after treatment for 6 days. CONCLUSIONS These findings may facilitate development of more effective treatment of persistent Bartonella infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 P.R. China
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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84
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Testi I, Mahajan S, Agrawal R, Agarwal A, Marchese A, Curi A, Khairallah M, Leo YS, Nguyen QD, Gupta V. Management of Intraocular Infections in HIV. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28:1099-1108. [PMID: 32162992 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1727533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Overview of treatment options for the most common intraocular opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including ocular syphilis, ocular tuberculosis, toxoplasmic chorioretinitis, and viral retinitis. Method: Narrative Review. Results: Despite the huge advances in the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, opportunistic infections still represent a significant diagnostic dilemma and cause of ocular morbidity in patients with HIV. Conclusion: Although the treatment of intraocular infections in patients with AIDS may be challenging, prompt assessment of the clinical features and appropriate aggressive management of the underlying etiology are critical to avoid life and vision threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Testi
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK
| | - Sarakshi Mahajan
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh, India
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | - Andre Curi
- Research Laboratory of Infectious Diseases in Ophthalmology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- National Center for Infectious Disease, Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh, India
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85
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Abstract
The etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unknown. I present a case which may be indicative of a causal link between Bartonella infection and PSC. The patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. A colonoscopy demonstrated chronic inflammation and changes consistent with ulcerative colitis. Routine laboratory studies revealed elevated liver function tests (LFTs); ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of PSC. Bartonella serology was positive. It is established that Bartonella infection is associated with both gastrointestinal inflammation and autoimmunity; indeed, there is an animal model for Bartonella-induced PSC. Bartonella is susceptible to treatment with vancomycin and there are case reports and small series that demonstrate that PSC responds to treatment with oral vancomycin. Because of this, it is postulated that at least some cases of PSC may be associated with Bartonella infection. The patient in this report was treated with oral vancomycin and, since then, has been in remission for both colitis and PSC. Since vancomycin is not systemically absorbed, the premise is that he suffered from Bartonella colitis and an autoimmune reaction to Bartonella causing PSC. This premise warrants further study.
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86
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Price A, Titus MO, Tuuri RE. Shaking and Aching: Status Epilepticus After 2 Weeks of Limping. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2020.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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87
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Lam JC, Fonseca K, Pabbaraju K, Meatherall BL. Case Report: Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Outside of the Europe-African Gradient: Comprehensive Review of Cases within North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1125-1129. [PMID: 30793686 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical syndromes associated with Bartonella quintana infection can be insidious and difficult to diagnose for multiple reasons. Clinically, B. quintana can manifest as asymptomatic bacteremia or with subtle subacute constitutional symptoms. Second, it is a fastidious organism that is difficult to identify using traditional culture methods. Last, the body lice vector of B. quintana transmission is likely not uncommon in most patients affected, who are homeless and of low socioeconomic status. Therefore, barriers in seeking medical care and financial constraints for medications are important considerations. The mainstay of literature surrounding B. quintana endocarditis is from Europe and the developing nations. Herein, we describe a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to B. quintana in a homeless male with preexisting valvular disease and undertake a comprehensive literature review of documented B. quintana endocarditis in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kevin Fonseca
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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88
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Lashnits E, Neupane P, Maggi RG, Linder KE, Bradley JM, Balakrishnan N, Southern BL, McKeon GP, Chandrashekar R, Breitschwerdt EB. Detection of Bartonella spp. in dogs after infection with Rickettsia rickettsii. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:145-159. [PMID: 31891215 PMCID: PMC6979086 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamics of infection by Bartonella and Rickettsia species, which are epidemiologically associated in dogs, have not been explored in a controlled setting. Objectives Describe an outbreak investigation of occult Bartonella spp. infection among a group of dogs, discovered after experimentally induced Rickettsia rickettsii (Rr) infection. Animals Six apparently healthy purpose‐bred Beagles obtained from a commercial vendor. Methods Retrospective and prospective study. Dogs were serially tested for Bartonella spp. and Rr using serology, culture, and PCR, over 3 study phases: 3 months before inoculation with Rr (retrospective), 6 weeks after inoculation with Rr (retrospective), and 8 months of follow‐up (prospective). Results Before Rr infection, 1 dog was Bartonella henselae (Bh) immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) seroreactive and 1 was Rickettsia spp. IFA seroreactive. After inoculation with Rr, all dogs developed mild Rocky Mountain spotted fever compatible with low‐dose Rr infection, seroconverted to Rickettsia spp. within 4‐11 days, and recovered within 1 week. When 1 dog developed ear tip vasculitis with intra‐lesional Bh, an investigation of Bartonella spp. infection was undertaken. All dogs had seroconverted to 1‐3 Bartonella spp. between 7 and 18 days after Rr inoculation. Between 4 and 8 months after Rr inoculation, Bh DNA was amplified from multiple tissues from 2 dogs, and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (Bvb) DNA was amplified from 4 of 5 dogs' oral swabs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Vector‐borne disease exposure was demonstrated in research dogs from a commercial vendor. Despite limitations, our results support the possibilities of recrudescence of chronic subclinical Bartonella spp. infection after Rr infection and horizontal direct‐contact transmission between dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Lashnits
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Pradeep Neupane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Julie M Bradley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Nandhakumar Balakrishnan
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brittany L Southern
- Laboratory Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gabriel P McKeon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Laboratory Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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89
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Bannon L, Choshen G, Giladi M, Ablin J. B artonella endocarditis masquerading as systemic vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (aka 'Löhlein nephritis'). BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e231413. [PMID: 31801777 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species are fastidious, Gram-negative aerobic rods and a well-recognised pathogen responsible for culture-negative endocarditis. The histopathological appearance of glomerulonephritis (GN) caused by Bartonella endocarditis may include a pauci-immune GN similar to that usually seen in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Herein, we present an unusual case report of Bartonella endocarditis masquerading as ANCA-positive vasculitis, with crescentic GN. A 66-year-old woman, who had undergone aortic valve replacement 2 years prior to admission, presented with confusion and loss of vision in her right nasal field. Following an extensive diagnostic evaluation, the main findings were right central retinal artery occlusion, ground-glass appearance on chest CT and ANCA-positive, anti PR-3 negative, rapidly progressive GN. The patient was scheduled to start treatment with rituximab for presumed ANCA-positive GN, when a positive serological test for Bartonella henselae was received. In view of this result, a diagnosis of endocarditis was made, based on fulfilment of five Duke minor criteria, namely fever, predisposition, arterial emboli, immunological phenomena and serological evidence of active infection with an organism consistent with infective endocarditis. Immunosuppressive treatment was withheld and antibiotic treatment initiated. This case report emphasises the need for maintaining a high index of suspicion regarding the diagnosis of Bartonella infection, which might mimic ANCA-associated GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bannon
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Choshen
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Giladi
- The Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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90
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Ma X, Shi W, Zhang Y. Essential Oils with High Activity against Stationary Phase Bartonella henselae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E246. [PMID: 31801196 PMCID: PMC6963529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is a fastidious Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that can cause cat scratch disease, endocarditis in humans and animals, as well as other complications, leading to acute or chronic infections. The current treatment for Bartonella infections is not very effective due to antibiotic resistance and also persistence. To develop better therapies for persistent and chronic Bartonella infections, in this study, with the help of SYBR Green I/PI viability assay, we performed a high-throughput screening of an essential oil library against the stationary phase B. henselae. We successfully identified 32 essential oils that had high activity, including four essential oils extracted from Citrus plants, three from Origanum, three from Cinnamomum, two from Pelargonium, and two from Melaleuca, as well as frankincense, ylang-ylang, fir needle, mountain savory (winter), citronella, spearmint, elemi, vetiver, clove bud, allspice, and cedarwood essential oils. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of these 32 top hits indicated they were not only active against stationary phase non-growing B. henselae but also had good activity against log-phase growing B. henselae. The time-kill assay showed 13 active hits, including essential oils of oregano, cinnamon bark, mountain savory (winter), cinnamon leaf, geranium, clove bud, allspice, geranium bourbon, ylang-ylang, citronella, elemi, and vetiver, could eradicate all stationary phase B. henselae cells within seven days at the concentration of 0.032% (v/v). Two active ingredients, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, of oregano and cinnamon bark essential oils, respectively, were shown to be very active against the stationary phase B. henselae such that they were able to eradicate all the bacterial cells even at the concentration ≤ 0.01% (v/v). More studies are needed to identify the active components of some potent essential oils, decode their antimicrobial mechanisms, and evaluate their activity against Bartonella infections in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (X.M.); (W.S.)
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91
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Balaban M, Ioana Nedelcu R, Balmes G, Adela Todorovic T, Brinzea A, Nichita L, Gabriela Popp C, Theodor Andrei R, Andrada Zurac S, Adriana Ion D, Turcu G. Bacillary angiomatosis triggered by severe trauma in a healthy Caucasian patient: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 20:56-60. [PMID: 32508994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillary angiomatosis represents a cutaneous and systemic infection caused by Bartonella species, typically described in the past in HIV-positive patients or associated with immunodeficiencies. More recent case reports had brought into attention the probability that this entity may manifest in otherwise healthy individuals, triggered by trauma and skin burns. The physiopathology of this neoproliferative process is based on the production of angiogenetic molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-8. In case of an inadequate treatment, the evolution can be fatal, with a systemic dissemination of the abscesses within the gastro-intestinal tract, respiratory tract, brain and bones. The appropriate therapy is with oral erythromycin and doxycycline, but several treatments such as cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, rifampin, dapsone, ciprofloxacin, have been tried with favorable results. Herein we present the case of a Caucasian patient, seronegative for HIV, who developed multiple vascular papules and nodules on the face, after a severe trauma and which healed after an adequate antibiotic therapy with oral clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Balaban
- Department of Dermatology, Derma 360° Clinic, Bucharest 011273, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Roxana Ioana Nedelcu
- Department of Dermatology, Derma 360° Clinic, Bucharest 011273, Romania.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020105, Romania
| | - Gabriela Balmes
- Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania
| | | | - Alice Brinzea
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020105, Romania.,Department of Ambulatory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Balș, Bucharest 020105, Romania
| | - Luciana Nichita
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Adriana Ion
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020105, Romania
| | - Gabriela Turcu
- Department of Dermatology, Derma 360° Clinic, Bucharest 011273, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
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92
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Zellali K, Benard E, Smokvina E, Belgaid A, Labbé F, Bertrand V. Multifocal pelvic osteomyelitis in a child associated with cat-scratch disease: a case report and review of the literature. Paediatr Int Child Health 2019; 39:290-293. [PMID: 30092749 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2018.1476304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone infections in cat-scratch disease (CSD) are uncommon and the diagnosis can be missed. A 3-year-old boy with multifocal pelvic osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella henselae is reported. Serological tests were negative but DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction assay of a lymph node. A swift recovery followed antibiotic treatment and there was completeresolution within a few months. The literature on 64 cases of osteomyelitis owing to CSD in children and adults since 1954 is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zellali
- Paediatric Unit, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
| | - E Benard
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
| | - E Smokvina
- Radiology Department, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
| | - A Belgaid
- Paediatric Unit, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
| | - F Labbé
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
| | - V Bertrand
- Paediatric Unit, Hôpital Jacques Monod , Le Havre , France
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93
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Kuan W, Dulnuan K, Guglin ME, El Haddad H, Kolodziej AR, Leventhal A, Rajagopalan N. A "Cat"-astrophic Case of Bartonella henselae infective endocarditis followed by cardiac transplantation salvage therapy. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13179. [PMID: 31541582 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, no cases of Bartonella henselae endocarditis leading to subsequent heart transplantation salvage therapy have been published. We present a case of a 29-year-old man with cat-inflicted B henselae endocarditis and concurrent worsening heart failure, who then underwent successful heart transplantation 50 days following diagnosis. Treatment and monitoring strategies used in this patient are discussed. Furthermore, we review literature related to heart transplantation salvage therapy for endocarditis due to other intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kuan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth Dulnuan
- Jewish Hospital, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maya E Guglin
- IU Health Advanced Heart & Lung Care, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Gill Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hanine El Haddad
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew R Kolodziej
- Advanced Heart Failure/Transplant Cardiology and Pulmonary Hypertension, Gill Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital
| | - Andrew Leventhal
- Gill Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Navin Rajagopalan
- Medical Director of Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
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94
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Drummond MR, Visentainer L, Almeida ARD, Angerami RN, Aoki FH, Velho PENF. Bartonella henselae bacteremia diagnosed post-mortem in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e50. [PMID: 31531628 PMCID: PMC6746197 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study involves a 49-year-old male, who for three years suffered with a myelodysplastic syndrome and who needed frequent blood transfusions. One day following a transfusion, he presented fever and abdominal pain. The fever became persistent and only improved temporarily with two cycles of intravenous ciprofloxacin. Nearly 120 days after beginning the second cycle of treatment, he had experienced a weight loss of 16 kg and recurring fever. Screening for fever of unknown origin was conducted, including Bartonella infection. No etiology could be found. The patient improved with an antimicrobial regimen composed of oral doxycycline and intravenous ciprofloxacin. After 15 days afebrile, the patient was discharged with a four-month oral prescription of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Eight months following the antibiotic treatment, the patient received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Five days following the transplant, the patient initiated a febrile neutropenia and died. From a blood sample collected and stored at the time of hospitalization, a microbiological and molecular study was performed again. Blood- and liquid culture-PCRs from the same blood sample were all negative, but an isolate from solid subculture was found. The molecular reactions from this isolate were all positive and the sequence was 100% homologous to Bartonella henselae . The present report points to the limitations of laboratory techniques currently available for investigation of possible cases of bartonellosis in clinical practice, and the potential risk of Bartonella spp. transmission through blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rovani Drummond
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Visentainer
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Hideo Aoki
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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95
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Lins KDA, Drummond MR, Velho PENF. Cutaneous manifestations of bartonellosis. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:594-602. [PMID: 31780437 PMCID: PMC6857551 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis are diseases caused by any kind of Bartonella species. The infection manifests as asymptomatic bacteremia to potentially fatal disorders. Many species are pathogenic to humans, but three are responsible for most clinical symptoms: Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella henselae. Peruvian wart, caused by B. bacilliformis, may be indistinguishable from bacillary angiomatosis caused by the other two species. Other cutaneous manifestations include maculo-papular rash in trench fever, papules or nodules in cat scratch disease, and vasculitis (often associated with endocarditis). In addition, febrile morbilliform rash, purpura, urticaria, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, erythema marginatus, granuloma annularis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous reactions, and angioproliferative reactions may occur. Considering the broad spectrum of infection and the potential complications associated with Bartonella spp., the infection should be considered by physicians more frequently among the differential diagnoses of idiopathic conditions. Health professionals and researchers often neglected this diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina de Almeida Lins
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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96
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Zeng C, Zou L. An account of in silico identification tools of secreted effector proteins in bacteria and future challenges. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:110-129. [PMID: 28981574 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens secrete numerous effector proteins via six secretion systems, type I to type VI secretion systems, to adapt to new environments or to promote virulence by bacterium-host interactions. Many computational approaches have been used in the identification of effector proteins before the subsequent experimental verification because they tolerate laborious biological procedures and are genome scale, automated and highly efficient. Prevalent examples include machine learning methods and statistical techniques. In this article, we summarize the computational progress toward predicting secreted effector proteins in bacteria, with an opening of an introduction of features that are used to discriminate effectors from non-effectors. The mechanism, contribution and deficiency of previous developed detection tools are presented, which are further benchmarked based on a curated testing data set. According to the results of benchmarking, potential improvements of the prediction performance are discussed, which include (1) more informative features for discriminating the effectors from non-effectors; (2) the construction of comprehensive training data set of the machine learning algorithms; (3) the advancement of reliable prediction methods and (4) a better interpretation of the mechanisms behind the molecular processes. The future of in silico identification of bacterial secreted effectors includes both opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zeng
- Bioinformatics Center, Third Military Medical University (TMMU), China
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97
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Arcângelo J, Norte Ramos S, Alves P, Tavares D, Gouveia C. Pyogenic sacroiliitis: Lessons learned from an atypical case series. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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98
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Arcângelo J, Norte Ramos S, Alves P, Tavares D, Gouveia C. Sacroileítis piógena: Lecciones aprendidas de una serie de casos atípicos. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 91:42-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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99
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Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs with Activity against Stationary Phase Bartonella henselae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020050. [PMID: 31035691 PMCID: PMC6628006 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae can cause various infections in humans, ranging from benign and self-limiting diseases to severe and life-threatening diseases as well as persistent infections that are difficult to treat. To develop more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections, in this study, we performed a high-throughput screen of an FDA-approved drug library against stationary phase B. henselae using the SYBR Green I/propidium iodide (PI) viability assay. We identified 110 drug candidates that had better activity against stationary phase B. henselae than ciprofloxacin, and among the top 52 drug candidates tested, 41 drugs were confirmed by microscopy to have higher activity than the current frontline antibiotic erythromycin. The identified top drug candidates include pyrvinium pamoate, daptomycin, methylene blue, azole drugs (clotrimazole, miconazole, sulconazole, econazole, oxiconazole, butoconazole, bifonazole), aminoglycosides (gentamicin and streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin), amifostine (Ethyol), antiviral Lopinavir/ritonavir, colistin, nitroxoline, nitrofurantoin, verteporfin, pentamidine, berberine, aprepitant, olsalazine, clinafloxacin, and clofoctol. Pyrvinium pamoate, daptomycin, methylene blue, clotrimazole, and gentamicin and streptomycin at their respective maximum drug concentration in serum (Cmax) had the capacity to completely eradicate stationary phase B. henselae after 3-day drug exposure in subculture studies. While the currently used drugs for treating bartonellosis, including rifampin, erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, had very low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against growing B. henselae, they had relatively poor activity against stationary phase B. henselae, except aminoglycosides. The identified FDA-approved agents with activity against stationary phase B. henselae should facilitate development of more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections.
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100
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Apsemidou A, Rauwolf K, Tragiannidis A, Brentrup A, Schiborr M, Becker K, Ahlmann M, Groll AH. Disseminated Bartonella henselae disease mimicking Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27573. [PMID: 30556266 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat-scratch disease, has been recognized to be responsible for a broad range of clinical syndromes. We report the case of a patient with disseminated B. henselae infection mimicking Langerhans cell histiocytosis at presentation and its successful management with neurosurgery, prolonged antibacterial therapy, and observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Apsemidou
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,2nd Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kerstin Rauwolf
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Athanasios Tragiannidis
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,2nd Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angela Brentrup
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manfred Schiborr
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Ahlmann
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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